PSYCHOENEGERETICS RESEARCH

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00788R001800210001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 57
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 24, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 5, 1985
• Content Type: REPORT

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PSYCHOENERGETICS RESEARCH (U)
DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE
7 August 1984
CLASSIFIED BY: DIA/DT-5A
DECLASSIFY ON: OADR
DISSEMINATION AND EXTRACTION OF
INFORMATION CONTROLLED BY ORIGINATOR
WARNING NOTICE - SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE
SOURCES AND METHODS INVOLVED
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
I INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOENERGETICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
III SHORT HISTORY OF PSI RESEARCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
IV THREE-YEAR PROGRAM RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
V COMPARISONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
VI PRESENT PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
VII INTELLIGENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
VIII INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
A. Unique Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
B. Integration of R&D and Intelligence. . . . . . . . . . . 37
C. In-House Operational Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
IX THE FUTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Appendices
A--REMOTE SENSING EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
B--PSYCHOENERGETIC APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
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1 Penetration Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Examples of Successful Operational Remote Viewing . . . . . . 34
3 Summary Evaluation Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
SG1A 4 39
5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
SG1A 6
Remote Viewer's Pasteup/Drawing of . . . . 41
A-1 Training Descriptor Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
B-1 Psychoenergetics Applications (Informational). . . . . . . . 53
B-2 Psychoenergetics Applications (Energetic). . . . . . . . . . 55
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(S/NF) The Grill Flame Program was established at SRI International
in 1980 to develop procedures that would apply psi (ESP) abilities to
intelligence problems. The most studied phenomenon in this program, remote
viewing (RV), seeks to gather data pertaining to a remote site without
having to visit that site. There were three phases of development in
researching this phenomenon:
? Phase I--Reliability Improvement
? Phase II--Authentication
? Phase III--In-House Capability.
(U) Phase I was a three-year research program aimed at improving
the reliability of remote-viewing data. A two-part approach was taken to
this problem. First, a training program was developed in which the remote-
viewing task is subdivided into six stages and presented sequentially to
the student. At each stage the viewer's contact with a site is increased.
Initially, the data are acquired when the viewer receives a burst of
information upon presentation of the target stimulus. This stimulus could
be a map coordinate, a photograph, or a variety of other stimuli. The
initial burst of information may include only gross geographical data. A
typical response might be water, mountains, or a city. The viewer is
trained to process this information and report it--free of any analytical
processing. These data are, therefore, largely descriptive.
(U) In the latter stages of training, finer detail and analytical
data are added by the viewer to his/her descriptions. When training is
completed, the viewer can provide a variety of data about a site. This
burst-of-information concept is nothing new in parapsychology; descriptions
of this phenomenon can be found in Mind to Mind by Warcollier and in
Mental Radio by Upton Sinclair. The SRI contribution to this concept was
to train people to become aware of this format for data acquisition and,
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more important, to learn to refrain from filling in gaps in the information
with personal experience or imagination.
(C/NF) The second part of the research program sought to improve
remote-viewing data by examining specific aspects of the remote-viewing
process. Some of the areas examined were (1) selection of the best can-
didates for training, (2) experimentation with various forms of targeting
(coordinates, abstract, beacon), (3) the use of audio analysis, and (4)
investigation into the effects of geophysical variablessuch as geomagnetic
and ELF activity. The results of these investigations and other aspects
of the phenomenon are summarized in year-end project reports for FYs 1981,
1982, and 1983.
(S/NF) Phase II consists of the authentication and verification of
the data derived by remote viewing. After three years researching remote
viewing and its training, it was decided that an additional year would be
taken to conduct a series of remote-viewing sessions with trainees and
with controls. These data would show whether or not subjects could be
trained to do remote viewing, and whether or not remote viewing could be
applied in gathering useful information. If a strong positive relation-
ship existed, the program would proceed to the next phase.
(S/NF) In Phase III efforts, we would establish an in-house DoD remote-
viewing capability, apply it to intelligence needs, and'then evaluate the
data over a two-year period. During Phase III, research would continue at
a variety of laboratories in order to refine, explain, and improve the
usability of psi phenomena. It is the intent of this program to establish
and maintain an in-house DoD capability for remote viewing that would
provide the intelligence analyst with yet one more source of information.
It would be one more tool, not an end in itself. The contributions to
this program would be continually evaluated in the same manner as other
sources of intelligence, and its continuance or abolishment would be based
on its own merit. Its unique characteristic would be the ability to collect
data from sources that are inaccessible to other data-c6llection systems
(see Figure 1). This would include describing the inside of buildings and
underground installations, locating individuals, finding weapon systems,
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FIGURE 1 (U) PENETRATION STRATEGIES
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(S/NF)
and so forth. The potential applications of this phenomenon to intelli-
gence goals and missions are apparent.
(S/NF) In addition to remote viewing, psychokinesis (PK) and counter-
measures have been investigated on a small scale. Again, results of studies
in these areas may be found in end-of-year project task reports for FYs
1981, 1982, and 1983. Lack of funding has precluded extensive work in
these, as well as other areas of potential DoD interest. In future pro-
grams, investigating additional topics and placing contracts with additional
laboratories will,be emphasized.
(U) Invariably, the following questions arise when parapsychology is
mentioned: (1) Is it a fake or a fraud? (2) Is it a trick or is it a real
phenomenon? (3) Are the practioners magicians, charlatans, or entertainers?
The next section of this report seeks to establish that, while some of
these elements are present in the field, the work at SRI is carried out
with all the rigors and disciplines applied to any scientific investigation.
(U) At various times, estimates of the reliability of remote-viewing
data have been made. The figures are usually expressed as percent accuracy
or reliability, but there is no standard method for calculating these
percentages. For instance, if we say that remote-viewing data are 70
percent reliable, do we mean that 70 percent of the time we get data that
are 100 percent accurate, or do we mean that 70 percent of the time we get
some accurate data, or do we mean that, on the average, 70 percent of the
data are correct? The possibilities are almost endless. Confusion on
these points is not surprising when widely-diverging estimates or claims
with regard to remote-viewing reliability are encountered.
(U) As we are now ending our authentication and verification year,
it is imperative that we establish a single method for calculating and
reporting the reliability of data gathered by remote viewing. The pitfalls
in doing this are numerous. The most apparent difficulty is that the data
are reported subjectively and verbally, and then must be expressed mathe-
matically. To solve these problems and to standardize reporting, a system
to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of remote viewing has been developed
and is in current use. A description of the technique is given in Appendix A.
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II THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOENERGETICS (U)
(U) For any field of knowledge to be considered a science, those
involved in the field must adhere to some very rigorous guidelines. In
the hierarchy of science, physics would be considered as the purest
science; the other physical sciences would follow, then biology and medicine.
Psychology and the other social sciences would follow these. Psycho-
energetics has its place somewhere between psychology and the other social
sciences. It has not been reduced to mathematics and there is no physical
model, but psychoenergetics does have many characteristics that are common
to all science.
(U) The first of these characteristics is replication. If an area
of endeavor is to be considered a science, experiments must be replicable.
When the results obtained in one laboratory cannot be obtained under the
same experimental conditions in other laboratories, the work will be
neglected and will be considered to fall outside the parameters of science.
The. work in psychoenergetics at SRI has been replicated by several labora-
tories:
? Remote Viewing (ESP)
- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
- Institute for Parapsychology, Durham, NC
- Mundelein College, Chicago, IL
- University of California at Davis, CA
? Remote Action (psychokinesis)
- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
- Mind Science Foundation, San Antonio, TX
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
- Psychophysical Research Laboratory, Princeton, NJ
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
- Bell Laboratories, Columbus, OH.
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These are all bonafide scientific research and development institutes.
In all, there have been 28 formal published replications of the remote-
viewing work at SRI. Obviously, this phenomenon is not an invention of
SRI; it has been duplicated on a number of occasions.
(U) In the past, the work in psychoenergetics was done by investi-
gators with little or no training in science, and in a manner that would
be totally unacceptable to any scientific researcher. The history of this
field is tainted by the laxity of controls and checks that must accompany
scientific experimentation. In its early days, it could be best considered
entertainment. Even then, however, there were some serious investigators.
Sir William Crookes, Fellow of the British Royal Society, was one of the
more notable. In addition, some order was brought to the field by J. B.
Rhine of Duke University. He began imposing the scientific method, and he
analyzed his results statistically. In the same manner:, SRI brought the
remote-vieiwng phenomenon into the laboratory and scrutinized it, while
applying all the conditions that any other science would receive. To the
surprise of many, the psychoenergetic phenomenon withstood the test. Then,
as with any science, the investigators continued to pursue their research
and, when published, other laboratories confirmed the SRI findings.
(U) Another indicator of the "quality" of science is where the work
is being published. Two of the most extensive psi publications have been
in the IEEE Journal. They are entitled, "A Perceptual Channel for Infor-
mation Transfer Over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and
Recent Research," by Harold E. Puthoff, Senior Research Engineer, SRI
International, Menlo Park, CA (March 1976) and "The Persistent Paradox
of Psychic Phenomena: An Engineering Perspective," by Robert G. Jahn,
Dean of Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (February 1982).
In addition, articles have been published in Nature and in the Proceedings
of the AAAS Symposia (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
as well as in various parapsychological journals.
(U) Previously, none of the work could have passed the strict require-
ments of the journals named. SRI was instrumental in elevating the field
to a level where it has gained acceptance by major scientific journals.
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(U) The number and the caliber of institutes performing the work
is also an indication of its nature. Exhibits 1 through 4 list some of
the major scientific laboratories that are involved in carrying on the
research in the United States,, in other free-world countries, in the
Warsaw Pact countries, and in China. These representative lists are
included to emphasize the fact that we are not dealing with a phenomenon
that the researchers at SRI have invented. It is a phenomenon that is
being investigated on a large scale--both in this country and throughout
the world. The SRI effort, which seeks to apply psychoenergetic processes
to meet DoD requirements, is thus seen to be only a miniscule part of a
worldwide effort.
REPRESENTATIVE U.S. RESEARCH INSTITUTES INVOLVED
IN PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH (U)
? SRI INTERNATIONAL, MENLO PARK, CA
? McDONNELL DOUGLAS ASTRONAUTICS COMPANY, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA
? BELL LABORATORIES, COLUMBUS, OH
? AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH, NEW YORK, NY
? FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH ON THE NATURE OF MAN (FRNM),
DURHAM, NC
? MIND SCIENCE FOUNDATION, SAN ANTONIO, TX
? PSYCHOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES, PRINCETON, NJ
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REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN
PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH (U)
FREE WORLD COUNTRIES (EXCLUSIVE OF THE U.S.)
? ENGLAND
- CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE
- UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, BIRKBECK COLLEGE, LONDON
? ICELAND
- UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND, REYKJAVIK
? INDIA
- ANDHRA UNIVERSITY, VISAKHAPATNAM
? THE NETHERLANDS
- UNIVERSITY OF UTRECHT, UTRECHT
- UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM, AMSTERDAM
? SCOTLAND
- UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH
? WEST GERMANY
- INSTITUTE FUR GRENZGEBIETE DER PSYCHOLOGIE
UND PSYCHOHYGIENE, UNIVERSITY OF FREIBILIRG, FREIBURG
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REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN
PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH (U)
THE WARSAW PACT COUNTRIES
- INSTITUTE OF PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION (IPPI),
MOSCOW
- INSTITUTE FOR RADIOENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS (IRE),
MOSCOW BIOELECTRONICS SECTION, A. S. POPOV SOCIETY, MOSCOW
? HUNGARY
- CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICS, BUDAPEST
? BULGARIA
- INSTITUTE OF SUGGESTOLOGY, SOPHIA
? POLAND
- POLISH CYBERNETIC ASSOCIATION
? ROMANIA
- CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, TIMISOARA
? CZECHOSLOVAKIA
- DISTRICT INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH, KUTNA HORA
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REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTES INVOLVED IN
PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH (U)
CHINA
? INSTITUTE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, BEIJING
? INSTITUTE OF SPACE MEDICO-ENGINEERING,. BEIJING
? "NATURE" JOURNAL ("ZIRAN ZAZHI"), SHANGHAI
(U) In universities throughout the United States,: there is growing
evidence that psychoenergetics is an acceptable field of study. Purdue
University has recently awarded a Ph.D. degree to a candidate whose thesis
was entitled "Affective Assessment in a Psi Task." Other universities
granting degrees in or having courses in psychoenergetics are shown in
Exhibit 5. University laboratories doing psychoenergetic R&D are shown in
Exhibits 6 and 7. These are all major universities and they are scattered
throughout the United States. In every instance, the effort is allied
with a science--psychology and physics being the most common.
(U) Its inclusion by the AAAS is further evidence; that the study of
psychoenergetics is gaining acceptance as a science. The issue of whether
parapsychology is or is not a science was hotly debated!by the members of
the AAAS in 1969; the result was the admission of the Parapsychological
Association as an affiliated organization. The acceptance by this austere
group of scientists from every conceivable scientific field lends great
credence to the claim that parapsychology is, in fact, a science.
(U) Next, we should review the credentials of the investigators.
The researchers at SRI and their field of endeavor are shown in Exhibit 8.
As can be seen, science is a key element in the researchers' background.
The researchers have been trained in disciplines that prescribe a way of
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UNIVERSITIES INVOLVED IN COURSES, RESEARCH, OR
DEGREES IN PARAPSYCHOLOGY (U)
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
DREXEL UNIVERSITY
DUKE UNIVERSITY
EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
JOHN F. KENNEDY UNIVERSITY
KENT STATE UNIVERSITY
METROPOLITAN STATE COLLEGE
MUNDELEIN COLLEGE
NEWARK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
(U)
attacking a problem, a method of solving the problem, and ways of reviewing
results. It is the discipline that their minds have assumed over years
of scientific investigation, which ensures that parapsychology will be
investigated in the same manner as other sciences are investigated.
(U) Finally, the ongoing psychoenergetics program at SRI has recently
been reviewed by a panel of renowned scientists (see Exhibit 9). Much of
what they reported will be covered later in this publication. At this time,
we wish to include one quote taken from the publication they prepared
regarding their findings on the SRI psychoenergetic research; it bears
directly on the question of whether or not psychoenergetics should be
considered a science. "The lack of a physical model should not be taken
to preclude the existence of the capability to view remote locations."
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REPRESENTATIVE U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
INVOLVED IN PSYCHOENERGETIC RESEARCH (U)
? PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, PRINCETON, NJ
? CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK (DEPT. OF PSYCHOLOGY'), NEW YORK, NY
? ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY (DEPT. OF PSYCHOLOGY), JAMAICA, NY
? SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY (COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES LAb), SYRACUSE, NY
? UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS (DEPT. OF PSYCHOLOGY), DAVIS, CA
? UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA (SCHOOL OF MEDICINE DEPT. OF PSYCHIATRY),
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA
? WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY (DEPT. OF PHYSICS), ST. LO1IS, MO
I
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UNIVERSITIES INVOLVED IN COURSES, RESEARCH, OR
DEGREES IN PARAPSYCHOLOGY (U)
(concluded)
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PURDUE UNIVERSITY
ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY
ST. JOSEPH'S UNIVERSITY
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA
UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
YALE UNIVERSITY
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CREDENTIALS OF KEY SRI PERSONNEL (U)
DEGREE
FIELD
HAROLD E. PUTHOFF
PhD
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
EDWIN C. MAY
PhD
PHYSICS
MICHAEL H. HECKER
PhD
SPEECH AND HEARING SCIENCES
KRISTIEN E. MORTELMANS
PhD
MICROBIOLOGY'
ROY P. BASLER
PhD
PHYSICS
MARILYN F. WILLIAMS
MS
MATHEMATICS
MARSHALL C. PEASE
MA
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
BEVERLY S. HUMPHREY
BA
ANTHROPOLOGY
MARTHA J. THOMSON
BA
LANGUAGES
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(S/NF) Because the Army had an in-house operational remote-viewing
capability at the outset of the Grill Flame Program, and DIA did not, the
two organizations pursued different but compatible goals. The Army's
goal was to improve the quality of data obtained from operational remote-
viewing sessions. To accomplish this, they expended a great effort on
training. They also looked at various ways to separate the good data from
the bad. For instance, research on audio analysis was conducted to de-
termine if speech characteristics could differentiate good from bad data.
(S/NF) The DIA supported research on developing and refining the
training program, as well as projects on countermeasures to remote viewing.
In addition, a series of psychoenergetic threat assessments were prepared.
(S/NF) Another interesting comparison is the approach being taken
to remote viewing at SRI and at INSCOM. At SRI, the percipient is seated
at a table in a relaxed but highly-alert state. No special techniques
are used to prepare the percipient; the session begins in a conversational
mode with the monitor posing the task. At INSCOM, the percipient is
suppine on a bed. He/she then achieves a state of deep relaxation aided
by the use of audio relaxation tapes. The data are also gathered in a
different manner by the two groups. At SRI, the data are gathered in an
alert state, where the percipient is interacting with the monitor in a
conversational mode, and is rendering sketches and drawings throughout
the session. The INSCOM viewer, however, stays in the deep relaxation state,
describing his/her input occasionally, and taking instructions from the
monitor at prescribed intervals. Sketchings and drawings are done at the
end of the session, and the INSCOM viewer then reverses the relaxation
procedure to return to an alert state. There is no need for the SRI
viewer to do this because he/she never leaves their normal alert state.
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(S/NF) The following tasks are currently under investigation at SRI:
? Remote Viewing Enhancement (training)
? Targeting
? Data Base Management
? Remote Viewing Evaluation
? Selection and Screening
? Psychokinesis
? Extremely Low Frequency
? Search
? Intelligence
Complete data for this fiscal year are not yet available. Preliminary
data, however, indicate that the following capabilities will exist.
(C/NF) Selection and Screening--It will be possible to
correlate a series of viewers' performances with predic-
tions of their performance made by the selection and
screening procedure. A positive correlation would confirm
that the selection and screening may be used to designate
those most suitable for training as remote viewers. Until
now, very subjective judgements were used to select candi-
dates. An experimentally proven procedure should result in
shortening the training time and in producing higher quality
data.
(S/NF) RV Training--During the past year, two training
programs have been underway. At the end of the year, it
will be shown that viewer performance improves with time,
and that the results from those receiving training greatly
exceed the results from those who serve as controls. It
also will be demonstrated, with examples, that the quality
of the trainees' work is much higher at the completion of
training than when he/she began--whereas the controls will
show little difference. It is hoped that we will have data
on real intelligence targets to demonstrate the applicability
to operational problems. The two training systems under
development at SRI are in no way competing with each other.
At the conclusion of the year, both will be exploited for
their most successful parts, and a system that incorporates
and integrates their best features will be established.
ro IF, 4" r% r_15~
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.(C/NF) Targeting--By the end of the fiscal year, it will be
shown that a target can be acquired using coordinates, beacons,
and photographs, as well as other forms of targeting. In
addition, a methodology for approaching a search task will
also have been developed and tested. A search task is the
reverse of the standard remote viewing procedure. In the
standard procedure, the location is known and what is at
the location is not known. In search, the viewer knows
what he/she is looking for, but not its location.
(C/NF) Evaluation--A standard, but simple method for evaluating
remote-viewing data will be complete by the end of 'the year.
In addition, a presentation format and a data-base,management
system will be complete.
(S/NF) Psychokinesis--In this task, several issues involving
PK are being studied. First, claims of large-scale PK effects
in China and in the United Kingdom will be examined, and
replication will be attempted. Next, SRI will determine if
intuitive data selection can account for the effects seen in
random-number generator experiments. Experiments will also
be conducted to see if biological systems are susceptible to
(C/NF) Extremely Low Frequency--This task is directed toward
determining whether correlations exist between high-quality
RV and the occurence of certain geophysical conditions, such
as EM-storm, solar-flare, and lightning-stroke activities.
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(C/NF) Research into psychoenergetics is currently underway in the
Soviet Union, China, and many other communist and free-world countries.
The research is of a multidisciplinary nature and encompasses the social
sciences, as well as the biological and physical sciences. Representative
fields include, for example, psychology, neurophysiology, and theoretical
physics.
(S/NF) Most recent surveys indicate that there are an estimated 450
investigators/scientists who have been performing at least part-time
research in approximately 200 facilities (including universities, technical
societies, and research institutes) in the Soviet Union. Serious research
has been ongoing for about 25 years and has been cyclic in nature according
to the vagaries of ideological criticism and acceptance. The scope of this
psychoenergetics effort includes both the information (i.e., ESP, remote
viewing, and the like), and the energetic (i.e., psychokinesis) aspects
of the phenomena. While no single primary area of Soviet investigation
can be identified categorically, there is evidence of a strong interest
in applying remote-sensing capabilities (ESP/remote viewing phenomena)
to the problem of accessing secure data, transmitting information (long
distance communication), and locating lost or hidden material or people.
Other principal areas of investigation include the examination of psycho-
kinetic influence on physical devices and on biological systems. These
include interference with sensitive electronic devices, deformation of
material samples, influence of growth rates of plants, influence of
chemical reactions, and influence of psychological and physiological states
of people.
(S/NF) Most of the extant data place the Soviet research effort in
a theoretical or phenomenological perspective; the applications-oriented
research, however, is no doubt primarily responsible for having elicited
the backing and support of the MOD, KGB, and certain high-level officials
in the Communist Party, reportedly at the Council of Ministers level.
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(S/NF) Beginning in the early 1970s, considerable attention has
been given to psychoenergetics research by several Soviet review com-
missions. The net effect of these reviews has been to create a new,
integrated psychoenergetics approach, which, when coupled with military
support and high-level Party sanction, should provide an environment for
significantly enhancing the status of psychoenergetics research in the
USSR. This will most likely have a significant impact on potential achieve-
ments and will facilitate the development of novel intelligence and warfare
applications.
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VIII INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY (U)
A. (U) Unique Need
(S/NF) Some of the intelligence community's potential uses for remote
viewing are:
? Descriptions of remote geographic areas
? Descriptions of building interiors
? Locations of weapons
? Locations of personnel
? Tracking movements
? Access to classified files.
It should be noted that within the DoD, the intelligence community is the
prime user of data gathered by remote viewing. Because intelligence must
be gathered surrepitiously and requires access to forbidden and guarded
places, remote viewing provides an excellent, and sometimes the only, means
of getting the desired information. On a number of occasions, it has been
suggested that "other" elements of the DoD or of the Government "should"
be the ones to support psi research. For the most part this is true.
There are numerous facets of psi that need to be investigated and are
clearly not of interest nor potentially useful to the DoD. Remote viewing
and some aspects of PK are exceptions; however, their development is of
particular interest to the intelligence community and hence deserves and
requires continued intelligence support.
(C/NF) The following three examples of successful operational remote
viewings are shown to illustrate the potential that remote viewing has,
and to demonstrate that valuable intelligence can be acquired. The examples
are not offered as typical results, nor as the best ever obtained.
(S/NF) In the first example [Figures 2(a), (b), and (c)], the target
In Figure 2(a) the viewer
gives a description of the geography and gross physical aspects of the
site. Then, in Figures 2(b) and (c), he describes the function of the
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(?Mfnu.^'3
?04 ~~
Gar
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FIGURE 2(a) EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL OPERATIONAL REMOTE VIEWING
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kv4
TV" &YmmA ,,& r^-f--w-4
is u a C--Q
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Figure 2(b)
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10" mm 10" r% E f,
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Figure 2(c)
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(S/NF)
site as having to do with biological or chemical warfare, he relates that
it is a terrible place, and he again links the function to medical or
biological. The viewer then mentions a prison facility and the use of
prisoners as human guinea pigs. It is at this point that the viewer has
probably lost contact with the site and is reporting imagination or ex-
perience. This is one of the problems that we hope to solve with training.
The viewer will be taught to distinguish noise from signal, and filter the
former. The data from this session were then given to an analyst, and his
rating is shown in Figure 3. The key is in the Overall Utility column.
The analyst rated the data as useful. This means only that he will in-
corporate these data into his intelligence holdings, which illustrates
the place remote viewing has in intelligence. Thus, the analyst did not
immediately write a current intelligence report proclaiming this site as
he placed it in his files as one more
piece of evidence regarding the nature and function of the facility located
SG1B
B. (U) Integration of R&D and Intelligence
(S/NF) As stated earlier, the ideal situation for the R&D field
would be one where the intelligence community pursues its interest in
remote viewing in concert with the R&D community examining those aspects
00 ro /" w rT
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(S) SUMMARY EVALUATION SHEET (U)
check the following boxes as to the accuracy of the submitted material.
ACCURACY
Site Contact,
Little with
(S) Geographical locale descrip-
tion (terrain, water, etc.)
(S) Large-scale manmade elements
(cities, buildings, silos,
docks) railroad lines,
airfields, etc.)
(S) Small-scale manmade elements
(antennas, computers, tanks,
missiles, offices, etc.)
(S) General target ambience (re-
search, production, adminis-
tration, storage, troop move-
ments, naval activity, air
activity, weapons testing, etc.)
(S) Relevant specific activities
(nuclear testing, missile
firing, CBW storage, ELINT
monitoring, etc.)
(S) Personality information
(physical descriptions,
actions, responsibilities,
O 0 O ? 0 O
0 El co 0 a o
o a o? o 0
0 o a
(S) Overall utility None 0 Marginal
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
a
Cannot be de-
Useful Very Useful 0 termined at this time Q
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
*
(U) Definitions for the accuracy scale:
0 - Little correspondence . . . . . Self explanatory.
1 - Site contact with . . . . . . . Mixture of correct and incorrect elements, but enough of the former to
mixed results indicate source has probably accessed the target site.
2 - Good . . . . . . . . . . . . Good correspondence with several elements matching, but some incorrect information.
3 - Excellent . . . . . . . . . . . Good correspondence with unambiguous unique matchable elements and relatively
little incorrect information.
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FIGURE 6 (U) REMOTE VIEWER'S PASTEUP/DRAWING OF
UNCLASSIFIED
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(S/NF)
in their domain. The results could then be used by the intelligence
community to even further enhance the reliability and quality of data
acquired with the use of remote viewing. To illustrate this, Exhibit 15
shows. items that are clearly of interest to the intelligence community
on the left and those of R&D interest on the right. Threat assessments
and replication of foreign work is in direct support of DIA's intelligence
production mission as is countermeasures. An RV operational capability is
useful in gathering intelligence, and training is needed to support an
operational unit. The items on the right are R&D in nature; they seek
to explore the variables that affect remote viewing, and examine the
physics of the phenomena. These efforts should ultimately provide a
physical model of remote viewing. The results of their research would
help to further enhance the quality of operational data. Therefore, the
DIA would welcome funding from any R&D unit. Until then, however, to
improve operational capability, DIA must support performance enhancement
and seek to understand the physical principle of the psychoenergetic
C. (U) In-House Operational Unit
(C/NF) To have a successful in-house or contracted operational unit,
several important problems must first be solved:
? Selection and Screening
? RV Training
? Variety of Targeting Methods
? RV Evaluation Method
? Data Presentation Format
? Automated Data Base System for Storage/Retrieval.
Each of the above has been investigated over the past four years, and they
are sufficiently understood to develop an in-house unit.
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5

>
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44
UNCLASSIFIED
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 Approved For Release 6-00788R001800210001-0
(S/NF) As previously mentioned, the psychoenergetics research program
at SRI International was examined by three eminent scientists in 1983. In
their report, they assess the technology, and they identify elements that
are necessary in any future program. The major points in their assessment
? Implications are revolutionary
? Merits continued funding in the national interest
? National impact is profound
? Evidence too impressive to dismiss
? No evidence of dishonesty
? Harassment must stop
? Lack of physical model does not preclude existence.
It is clear that this panel of scientists considers psychoenergetics to
be an enormously important field. Their recommended actions are
? Confirm or deny existence of psi phenomena
? Initiate a five-to-ten-year program
? Involve additional labs
? Continue training program.
The panel advocates a five to ten year program using multiple laboratories.
A report has already been prepared that describes a long-term program and
integrates R&D and intelligence into a single unified DoD program. Addi-
tional laboratories have been contacted and are under consideration for
contracts in FY 1985. The amount of funding available will be the key
factor in determining which and how many laboratories will be contracted.
Those being considered are shown below:
? McDonnell Douglas
? Mind Science Foundation
? Lawrence Livermore Laboratories
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ftf
? Engineering Anomalies Laboratory, Princeton University
? Psychophysical Research Laboratory
? University of California - Davis
Communications Studies Laboratory, Syracuse University
? Mobius Group
? Aberdeen Proving Ground.
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(U) Analysis of RV (remote viewing) sessions can be divided into two
areas of interest: (1) when complete information of the target site is
available, and (2) when little or no information about the site is available.
For the purpose of RV training, it is advantageous to know the target site
in detail, while in the operational environment, little or nothing is known.
This appendix focuses its attention upon the training environment, but
provides guidelines for the operational cases as well.
B. (U) Target Definition
(U) To have a statistically meaningful RV analysis it is necessary
to begin with a rigorously defined set of targets. The targets being used
in the current RV training program consist of photographs from the National
Geographic magazine. While such photographs may contain many complex
target elements, we have, for the purposes of training, isolated a set of
20 specific target elements (see Table A-1). By definition for this analysis
the target information is completely specified by the presence or absence
of each of the target elements. By considering each target element present
as a binary "1" and each element absent a binary 110" it is possible to
construct a 20-bit (one for each target element) binary number that rep-
resents the pertinent target information for each photograph.
C. (U) RV Response Definition
(U) The output from an RV training session consists of a few words
and some rough sketches. To facilitate statistical analysis, it is
necessary to define in some systematic manner precisely what constitutes
the response. We use the same element list (Table A-1) described above.
UNCLASSIFIED
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Bit
Number
Descriptor
1
Is any significant part of the scene hectic, chaotic, congested,
or cluttered?
2
Does a single major object or structure dominate the scene?
3
Is the central focus or predominant ambience of the scene pri-
marily natural rather than artificial or manmade?
4
Do the effects of the weather appear to be a significant part
of the scene, e.g., as in the presence of snow or ice, evidence
of erosion, and so on and so forth?
5
Is the scene predominantly colorful, characterized either by a
profusion of color or by a strikingly contrasting combination
of colors, or are there outstanding brightly colored objects
prominent, e.g. flowers, stained-glass, windows, etc. (not
normally blue sky, green grass, usual building colors, etc.)?
6
Is a mountain, hill, or cliff, or range of mountains or hills,
or series of cliffs a significant feature of the scene?
7
Is a volcano a significant part of the scene?
8
Are buildings or other manmade structures a significant part of
the scene?
9
Is a city a significant part of the scene?
10
Is a town, village, or isolated settlement or outpost a signifi-
cant feature of the scene?
11
Are ruins a significant part of the scene?
12
Is a large expanse of water--specifically an ocean, sea, gulf,
lake, or bay--a significant aspect of the scene?
13
Is a land/water interface a significant part of the scene?
14
Is a river, canal, or channel a significant part of the scene?
15
Is a waterfall a significant part of the scene?
16
Is a port or harbor a significant part of the scene?
17
Is an island a significant part of the scene?;
18
Is a swamp, jungle, or marsh, or verdant or heavy foliage a sig-
nificant part of the scene?
19
Is a flat aspect to the landscape a significant part of the scene?
20
Is a desert a significant part of the scene, or is the scene pre-
dominantly dry to the point of being arid?
UNCLASSIFIED
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(U)
Specifically, in accordance with an a priori defined set of rules con-
sistent with the training program under investigation, each response is
assessed as to the presence or absence of each element in the list. (Of
course, the assessment is accomplished without any knowledge of the target
for that particular session, that is, in a double-blind fashion.) Thus a
20-bit binary number can be constructed that represents the information
contained in the RV response.
D. (U) RV Analysis
(U) An assessment of RV accuracy in a given RV session can be made
by comparing the 20-bit numbers for the target and response. Specifically,
the accuracy is defined as the percent of the target information (percent
of target elements) that was correctly perceived by the remote viewer.
Similarly, an assessment of RV reliability can be made by determining the
efficiency of the response. The RV reliability is defined as the percent
of the RV response (percent of RV response elements) that was correct. Both
RV accuracy and RV reliability provide quanitative measures of the RV
response to a given target. To provide a quantitative measure of progress
it is necessary to assess a given RV response not only with respect to its
corresponding target but also with respect to all other targets in the
target pool. This is accomplished with the aid of a computer and data base
management techniques. The result of this analysis is a statistical
measure of RV training and a quantitative measure of the information
transfer in the RV process.
E. (U) Summary
(U) The following is a step-by-step representation of the analysis
of a single RV session:
(1) The response is assessed (without knowledge of the
corresponding target) as to the presence or absence
of each of the items shown in Table A-1.
(2) A 20-bit binary number is constructed from Step 1.
(3) The predefined 20-bit representation of the cor-
responding target is obtained.
UNCLASSIFIED
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(4) The session accuracy is determined by computing the
number of correctly perceived target elements divided
by the total number of target elements.
(5) The session reliability is determined by computing the
number of correctly perceived target elements divided
by the total number of elements that constituted the
response.
(6) The result of Step 2 is compared against all other
targets in the pool to provide a quantitative assess-
ment of the RV session.
Steps 2 through 6 are all done by computer. Finally, for a given remote
viewer, progress reports and graphs for accuracy, reliability, and sta-
tistical measures are continually updated. These three measures provide
an overall assessment of a remote viewer's training record.
F. (U) Analysis of Response to Unknown Targets
(U) The analysis of RV responses to a priori unknown targets can be
accomplished with a modification of the above procedure.
A target pool is constructed from sites that are
representative of the class of targets under investi-
gation. As above, an appropriate descriptor list is
generated from these targets.
(2) The RV response is scored with regard to the descriptor
list from Step 1.
(3) The target from Step 1 that has the highest score
resulting from the computerized matching is selected
as the one most similar to the one under investigation.
(4) With the use of database management, accuracy, records
are maintained on a descriptor-by-descriptor basis.
(Of course, the accuracy can only be determined from
actual knowledge of the site as information becomes
available.)
(5) As individual accuracy assessments accumulate for a
specific remote viewer, they can be used to assign
a priori probabilities that individual target; elements
identified by the viewer are likely to be at a site
in question.
UNCLASSIFIED
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(U) PSYCHOENERGETIC APPLICATIONS
(S/NF) For the purpose of this document, specific psychoenergetic
applications have been ascribed to one of the three major categories,
ranging from "observed" to "possible" to "theoretical," according to the
degree to which the psi phenomena underlying these applications have been
verified in the laboratory (see Tables B-1 and B-2).
(S/NF) The "observed" category encompasses those applications for
which underlying psi phenomena have been scientifically established.
Furthermore, this classification pertains only to those applications that
have been implemented operationally and can be assessed according to the
reliability categories of "often successful," "occasionally successful,"
and "rarely successful." The psi phenomenon of coordinate remote viewing
(CRV), for example, has been verified in the laboratory and has been
applied subsequently to a variety of operational situations. A hierarchy
of specific examples that demonstrate the comparative reliability of
"observed" CRV applications are as follows:
(1) The overall external characteristics and spatial
relationships of foreign facilities have often been
successfully obtained.
(2) The types of overall activity internal to a foreign
facility have occasionally been obtained successfully.
(3) Highly analytical information such as the identifica-
tion of hidden/secret codes and ciphers within a
security system have been only rarely obtained
successfully.
(S/NF) The "possible" category encompasses those applications for
which underlying psi phenomena have been established scientifically, but
which have yet to be implemented operationally. As stated above, CRV has
been verified in the laboratory, but it has yet to be applied, for example,
to such camouflage, concealment, and deception (CC&D) tasks as detecting
which USSR silos have operative missiles and which are empty.
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(S/NF) The "theoretical" category encompasses those hypothesized
applications that obtain from psi phenomena that have yet to be established
scientifically. For example, the existence of psychokinesis (direct mental
interaction with physical systems) has yet to be verified in the laboratory.
Energetic applications, therefore, which include such capabilities as
defeating or impairing foreign electronic military equipment, must remain
hypothetical.
(S/NF) Tables B-1 and B-2 provide a current overview of psychoenergetic
applications as categorized according to the various criteria discussed
above. Although the applications of psychoenergetic phenomena are in a
relatively nascent stage of operational readiness, at least two unique
attributes of this kind of data collection method make continued development
of the applications approach imperative: (1) unlike some other intelli-
gence collection systems, psychoenergetic data can be obtained rapidly; and
(2) psychoenergetic collection methods enable access to:data that is
unobtainable by other established verification techniques.
S-EE~RlT~
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