SPECIAL ORIENTATION TECHNIQUES

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• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 17, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 1, 1979
• Content Type: REPORT

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Interim Report October 1979
SPECIAL ORIENTATION TECHNIQUES (U)
By: RUSSELL TARG
HAROLD E. PUTHOFF EDWIN C. MAY
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025 U.S.A.
[phone]
Cable: SRI INTL MNP
TWX: 910-373-1246
NOT RELEASABLE TO
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(This Page is UNCLASSIFIED)
Interim Report October 1979
Covering the period from 1 May to 30 September 1979
SPECIAL ORIENTATION TECHNIQUES (U)
By: RUSSELL TARG
SR I Project 8465
Approved by:
HAROLD E. PUTHOFF EDWIN C. MAY
ROBERT S. LEONARD, Director
Radio Physics Laboratory
CLASSIFIED BY: MSG, HODA (DAMI-ISH)
dated 7 July 1978
REVIEW ON: 31 October 1999
-nen?
Copy No.
This document consists of 59 pages.
SRI 9-4431
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NOT RELEASABLE TO
(This Page is UNCLASSIFIED) FOREIGN NATIONALS
333 Ravenswood Avenue ? Menlo Park, California 94025 ? U.S.A.
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I ?
mi CONTENTS
me
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS iv
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION
II BACKGROUND
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2
A. Remote Viewing Protocols (for the Description of
mi
Remote Geographical Targets)
2
B. Judging the Results
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mg
C. Transcript Concept Analysis
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III
ORIENTATION RESULTS
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A. Remote Viewing of Geographical Targets
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B. Summary of the Six Series
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1. Viewer No. 155
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2. Viewer No. 292
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3. Viewer No. 372
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4. Viewer No. 468
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5. Viewer No. 518
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6. Viewer No. 690
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C. Comparison of Blind Judging and Subjective
Assessment
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D. Remote Viewing of 35mm Slides
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1. Viewer No. 372
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NM
2. Viewer No. 518
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E. Remote Viewing of Alphabet Letters
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F. Extended Remote Viewing (ERV)
37
1. Background
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il?
2. Pilot Effort
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3. Formal Series (Six Trials)
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am
4. Discussion
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G. Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV) with Immediate
Feedback
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IV CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 52
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ILLUSTRATIONS
1
Stanford Shopping Center?Target, and Viewer 372
Drawing
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2
Mount Alverno Conference Center, and Viewer 372 Drawing
.
. .
31
3
Ultra Modern Dome House?Target, and Viewer 372 Drawing
.
.
32
4
Varsity Theatre Arcade?Target, and Viewer 518 Drawing.
?
? .
34
5
Victorian House--Target, and Viewer 518 Drawing
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6
Glass Slipper Motel?Target, and Viewer 518 Drawing
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7
Copper Pitcher and Viewer 518 ERV Response
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8
Food Mill Target and Viewer 518 ERV Response
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9
Tripod Target and Viewer 518 ERV Response
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Straw Hat Target and Viewer 518 ERV Response
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11
Antenna and Viewer 518 ERV Response
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Globe Target and Viewer 518 ERV Response
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SECRiT
TABLES
1 Results of Transcript Concept Analysis of a Remote Viewing
Experiment 7
2 0-7 Point Evaluation Scale for Target/Transcript
Correspondence 24
3 Distribution of Target/Response Matchings 51
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I INTRODUCTION
This report presents preliminary results and assessments from the first
six months of a one-year investigation of techniques for the optimization
of remote viewing among client-selected individuals. The objective of this
program is the familiarization of these individuals with the SRI remote
viewing protocols, with the goal of producing enhanced levels of ability,
and the establishment of screening tests and procedures to enlarge the
population from which such individuals are selected.
In Section II of this report we present briefly the background of the
remote viewing protocol that is the basis of this attempted technology
transfer. In Section III we describe the remote viewing series carried
out with each of six client-supplied volunteers. Each of these series
consisted of six trials, which are now in various stages of the process
of formal evaluation. Two participants from the first series have returned
to SRI for an additional two weeks training each, in a variety of remote
viewing tasks, and the results of this work is also discussed. In Section
IV are presented our overall assessments and recommendations.
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II BACKGROUND
With the overall objective of improving the reliability of psycho-
energetic functioning, we have investigated several different familiarization/
training strategies, both with the goal of developing techniques useful in
identifying gifted remote viewers, and of providing the most optimal
environment for individuals participating in remote viewing.
A. Remote Viewing Protocols (for the Description of Remote
Geographical Targets)
As carried out at SRI, the general procedure is to closet the per-
cipient, hereafter called the viewer, with an interviewer, and at a
prearranged time to obtain from the viewer a description of an undisclosed,
remote site being visited by a target team, one of whose members is known
to the remote viewer and who thereby constitutes the target or "beacon"
person.1 The target team is assigned their target location by an indc-
pendent experimenter who has generated a list of targets located within
a 30-minute driving time from SRI, and who accesses this list by a randomi-
zation procedure. The target pool consists of sixty target locations chosen
from a target-rich environment. The target location selected is kept blind
to both the viewer and interviewer closeted at SRI. The protocol is thus
of the double-blind type.
In detail: To begin a trial, a viewer is sequestered with an inter-
viewer at SRI, and is instructed to wait 30 minutes before beginning his
1
H. E. Puthoff and R. Targ, "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer
over Kilometer Distances," Proc. IEEE, vol. 64 (March 1976).
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ig narrative description of where the target team has gone. Meanwhile, the
target team obtains sealed traveling orders from a monitor who has previously
gg prepared and randomized a set of such orders. After leaving SRI by auto-
mobile, the target team opens the traveling orders and proceeds directly
to the target without any communication with the viewer or interviewer
remaining at SRI. The interviewer remaining with the viewer in the SRI
laboratory is kept ignorant of the target, so as to eliminate the possi-
bility of cueing (overt or subliminal) and to allow him freedom in question-
ing the viewer for clarification of his descriptions. The target team
remains at the target site for a prearranged 15-minute period following
the 30 minutes alloted for travel. During the observation period, the
viewer at SRI is asked to describe his impressions of the target site into
a tape recorder and to make any drawings he thinks appropriate. A tenta-
tive evaluation is made of his output when the target team returns to SRI.
Finally, following the trial, the viewer is taken to the site so that he
may obtain direct feedback.
B. Judging the Results
To obtain an initial numerical evaluation of the accuracy of a series
of, say, N remote viewing experiments, the results are subjected to inde-
pendent judging on a blind basis by SRI research analysts not otherwise
associated with the program.
In preparation for the judging, the viewer's tapes are transcribed,
and the transcripts are edited only to the extent of deleting information
which might act as artifactual cues to a judge, such as references to other
targets, or phrases which might indicate the temporal order of transcripts.
The response packets, which in our case contain six typed transcripts of
the tape-recorded narratives and associated drawings, are then presented
to the analyst in random order. Working alone, the analyst visits each
of the six target locations and in a blind fashion ranks each of the
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viewer's descriptions on a scale 1 to 6 (best to worst match), generating
a 6 X 6 matrix. A precise measure of the statistical significance of the
? matrix of target/transcript rankings is given by a direct-count-of-
permutations method of great generality.a
It is an exact calculation
method requiring no approximations such as normality assumptions. Further-
more, the judging process that goes into generating the matrix is not
MI required to be independent transcript-to-transcript nor target-to-target.
Finally, numerical estimates of target/transcript correspondences can be
mm made on the basis of rank-order or rating scales (e.g., rank ordering
1 to n, best to worst match; or concept analysis, rating 0-100, zero to
gni complete correspondence; arbitrary scale rating arrived at by some complex
procedure involving many factors such as occurs in multiple-judge voting,
etc.). The argument is as follows.
In the absence of knowledge as to which transcript was generated in
response to which target, one observes that in setting up the target-
transcript matrix there are n: possible ways to label the columns (tran-
scripts), given any particular order of the rows (targets), and vice versa.
Thus, there are n: possible matrices which could be constructed from the
raw judging data, all of them equally likely under the null hypothesis
that the viewer's remote viewing attempts produce nothing but vague and
general descriptions and/or occasional chance correspondences with various
target sites. Each matrix has its associated sum on the matrix diagonal
corresponding to a possible alignment of targets.
The significance level for the experiment is then determined by
counting the number of possible matrices that would yield a result (diagonal
sum) equal to or better (i.e., lower sum of ranks in the rank-order case,
2C. Scott, "On the Evaluation of Verbal Material in Parapsychology,"
Jour. Soc. Psych. Res., vol. 46 (June 1972).
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higher sum of scores in the correspondence-rating case, etc.) than that
obtained for the matrix corresponding to the key, and dividing by n:
This ratio gives the probability of obtaining by chance a result equal
to or better than that obtained in the actual judging process.
As an overall calibration of the remote viewing process, against
which specific examples can be gauged, we can take as a background data
base the lengthy collection of 51 remote viewing trials collected over a
several-year period with nine subjects, and published in Reference 1.
In these trials subjects were targeted on local targets (bridges, swimming
pools, theaters, airports, computers, machine shops, etc.) within a 20 km
range of SRI. The quality of the results was such that the judges, who
had to determine in a blind fashion which subject-generated data packages
(tape transcripts and drawings) were associated with which target sites,
were able to blind match transcripts to targets in first place in roughly
half the cases.
C. Transcript Concept Analysis
In order to assess quantitatively the degree of correspondence between
a given transcript and target, we have recently developed a concept analysis
procedure which provides for detailed comparisons. In this new procedure,
we begin by analyzing each transcript for its specific content. To ac-
complish this, the transcript is divided into a list of specific concepts,
where a concept may consist of a single word or phrase from the transcript
(e.g., "red"), or a single word or phrase that summarizes a lengthy idea
(e.g., "shady"). A list of concepts is made for each transcript in a
series to be judged. The analysis proceeds by having a judge, who is
blind to which transcripts actually match which targets, stand at the
first target location on his target list, and for each transcript make an
assessment, concept by concept, on a rating scale of 0 to 10. A rating
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of 0 implies no correspondence whatever between that particular concept
and the target site in question, and a 10 implies complete correspondence.
Intermediate scores are given in proportion to the extent of the corres-
pondence. Having done this for each of the concepts, one by one, in the
first transcript, the judge repeats the assessment as independently as
possible for all the concepts in all of the remaining transcripts. He
then proceeds to the next target site on the list and repeats the concept
assessment for all of the transcripts as applied to that site. Having
finished all the travel sites in this manner, the judge computes the
average rating score for all concepts in each transcript matched against
each target. When there are six trials in the series, there are 36 such
averages.
In a second step of the judging procedure, the judge displays his
results in a matrix with targets displayed as rows and transcripts displayed
as columns. An example from an actual experiment (Viewer 690) is shown
in Table 1.
At this point in the analysis, the judge submits his results. The
410
statistical approach used to analyze the matrix is then the direct-count-
of-permutations method described earlier. For the results shown in
Table 1 the probability of obtaining equal or better matching by chance
is only p = 1/6: = 0.0013.
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Table 1
RESULTS OF TRANSCRIPT-CONCEPT ANALYSIS
OF A REMOTE VIEWING EXPERIMENT
(a) Ratings
Transcripts
Targets
A
B
C
D
E
F
Shielded Room
3.55
5.85
2.20
3.80
2.90
2.20
Alta Mesa
3.40
4.00
6.05
2.85
3.00
4.70
Ely Chevrolet
3.50
2.60
1.75
2.00
4.45
4.30
Four Seasons
4.90
3.20
4.80
2.80
2.60
4.85
Methodist Church
2.15
2.60
3.50
3.20
4.70
6.45
Library Stacks
4.05
3.90
3.80
3.80
4.30
6.25
(b) Rankings
Targets
Transcripts
A
B
C
D
E
F
Shielded Room
3
a
5
2
4
6
Alta Mesa
4
3
(I)
6
5
2
Ely Chevrolet
3
4
6
5
0
2
Four Seasons
0
4
3
5
6
2
Methodist Church
6
5
3
4
2
0
Library Stacks
3
4
6
0
2
1
Circles indicate target/transcript key.
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SiDGRANT-
III ORIENTATION RESULTS
In this section we describe six remote viewing series carried out
with each of the client-supplied volunteers. All series have been assessed
as to the degree of remote viewing exhibited, and in addition, four of
these series have been formally evaluated by blind judging; the other two
are presently in the process of being blind judged. In addition to these
trials, we are now carrying out a more varied series of training exercises
in which each remote viewer spends two weeks at SRI. Thus far, two of the
original group of six have taken part in this additional training and
their results are discussed here also.
A. Remote Viewing of Geographical Targets
During the months of May, June, and July, six one-week remote viewing
series were conducted, one week each with the six client participants.
These series were carried out at the rate of two series per month. The
purpose of these initial training activities was to obtain baseline data
on each of the participants taking part in a uniform series of trials,
and to provide a basis for later evaluation and comparison of their per-
formance in more diverse tasks.
The six remote viewing sessions for each participant were conducted
at a rate of one per day, except for Thursdays, when there were two
sessions. The investigators divided the interviewing and outbound tasks,
with RT remaining with the viewer for the first four trials, and HP acting
as interviewer for the last two.
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di RI
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B. Summary of the Six Series
The following summarizes our impressions of the thirty-six remote
viewing trials carried out in our laboratory, May through July 1979, by
the six client participants. As indicated earlier, a formal blind judging
has been carried out for four of the series, and will shortly be completed
for the two remaining series.
In order to present a coherent assessment of the sessions in this
summary, we rate each session individually, with regard to our subjective
impression as to its correspondences and similarities to the intended
target site. This is not intended as the equivalent of "blind judging"
since it is post hoc, but it does provide a relative measure from our
standpoint as to the success of the various participants. We rate each
transcript on a 0 to 7 scale, with a 0 for no correspondence, and a 7 for
a transcript that could not reasonably pertain to any site other than the
actual target (for example, naming the target correctly.) Identifying
boats at a boat dock, would get a 5 or 6 depending on the presence or
absence of other noncorroborated items in the RV transcript. Again, the
0 to 7 rating is not a blind measure of the presence of remote viewing
functioning, but rather a procedure for comparing the relative performance
of the participants. Nonetheless, as we see later, the correlation or
agreement between this subjective rating system and the results of formal
blind judging is high.
1. Viewer No. 155
Target 1: White Plaza at Stanford University. This trial was
the first in the overall group of thirty-six, and also was in our opinion
(and that of the blind judge) one of the very best in the series of six
with this remote viewer. The viewer correctly identified the main feature
of the site as being a plaza with a fountain. He also had a tall column
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dominating the scene, which is a good match for Hoover Tower, just behind
the fountain. Additionally described were a series of arches, which are
a recurring feature in the buildings surrounding the courtyard. Rating = 5.
Target 2: Stanford Art Museum. The viewer did not describe this
large Greek-columned building at all. He did, however, mention and draw
the double colonnade of trees leading up to the building, together with
other nearby features, such as arches and red-tiled roofs, and indicated
that he felt that it was again a "Stanford type" of target. Rating = 3.
Target 3: Logo. This target is a 6 ft X 12 ft orange metal
sculpture on the grass lawn of a chemical company. It is a symbolic chain
molecule, consisting of four large diamond shapes connected together. The
viewer did not describe anything that pertained to the target. His main
features were of a gazebo structure. Rating = O.
Target 4: Fire Circle. Among other things, the viewer correctly
described a circular depressed area, with decending steps, a squared-off
far end, and something in the center. This is an excellent description
of the target and was accompanied by a corresponding drawing. However,
the viewer also described and drew two other fairly coherent scenes which
did not pertain to the target. Consequently the judge who eventually did
evaluate this series in the blind, ranked this transcript in fifth place,
out of six, because of its correspondences to other targets. Simply rating
the transcript and drawings to the actual target, our subjective assessment
was a rating = 3.
Target 5: Pedestrian Overpass. The viewer's initial description
was of a "lacey arch," which is a very apt summary of this wire and pipe
structure. He went on to describe his "confined feeling." His description
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then wandered off into a "narrow alley" and what sounded like a village
scene with stucco buildings. His fourth drawing was a good representation
of the arched entrance to the overpass. Again there were so many extraneous
elements to the viewer's output that our judge ranked this transcript
fourth out of six. Rating it only with regard to the individual target,
we assigned it a rating = 3.
Target 6: Valombrosa Meeting Center. The main features of his
description was a fan shaped structure, closely matching the roof design
of the principle element of the target. He pictured it as an "arched
cave with bars," which led to the blind judge incorrectly matching it to
the pedestrian overpass. Rating = 2.
This remote viewing series was the first to be conducted with
client volunteers. It was judged in accordance with the detailed concept
analysis described earlier. The final tally revealed only one correct
first place assignment, and all others less than third. The series was
therefore numerically nonsignificant, according to our evaluation criteria.
In this case the judging results agreed fairly well with our subjective
assessment, because of the viewer's frequent inclusion of erroneous elements
along with strongly correct ones in a given transcript/drawing package, a
combination which made blind judging difficult. In our
ment we tended to give a little more credit for correct
a smaller panalty for the errors. In engineering terms
good example of a signal-to-noise problem.
subjective assess-
elements, and exact
this would be a
There were occasional good
examples of signal, but it was generally overwhelmed by the noise. Our
sum of ratings was 16, the next to the lowest of the six.
2. Viewer No. 292
Target 1: SRI Courtyard. The central feature of this large,
enclosed courtyard is a fountain in a square concrete base. The viewer
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described a number of different architectual forms including domes and
columns, which are not particularly in evidence at the target site. He
also described a small waterfall, however, which is in fact at the site,
in a form well illustrated by one of his drawings. In addition, another
drawing shows an eight-lobed circular structure, which closely resembles
the inner portion of the fountain. Because of the many nonapplicable
elements of the description, however, we gave this transcript a rating = 3.
Target 2: Varsity Theatre Arcade. The target is the entry to
a motion picture theatre. From the street one sees a double colonnade
running from the street to the theatre entry. To the left and right are
stucco walls with movie posters behind glass, and down the center is a
row of striped umbrellas. The viewer described a tunnel-like structure,
receding away from him, masonry walls, with bright reflections; and he
drew and described a kiosk structure with a striped coolie-hat top. The
drawings were more coherent than the transcript. Our rating = 5.
Target 3: Glass Slipper Motel. This target is a motel facade
on El Camino Real. It is a representation of a fairy tale castle. The
viewer didn't describe anything like the target, although he did give a
detailed and coherent description of a place that he visualized. Our
rating = 0.
Of some interest, however, is the fact that after taking the
viewer to the target site, and confirming that it did not particularly
match his description, the interviewer suggested that they have lunch at
a new restaurant that had just opened up, several miles away. One of the
consistent items in the viewer's transcript was his reference to big shade
trees, an arbor like effect, and horizontal yellow and orange bands of
cloth, supported on wires to make a horizontal awning. The restaurant
we visited had all these features. Neither the viewer nor the interviewer
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had ever seen this, or any similar place before, so one can speculate that
the viewer may have experienced overlay from this site.
Target 4: Wallbangers Racquet Ball Court. The viewer had two
main descriptive elements: These were a body of water with two or three
fountains in it, and a balcony, looking down on a geometrical pattern of
some sort. The target building is situated in relatively open country,
immediately adjacent to a pond with three fountain spouts in it. The
outbound team parked in front of this pond. They then entered the building
and spent their entire time on the balcony that runs the length of the
building, looking down at the racquet ball courts. The viewer provided
a very coherent description of the outbound team's activities with regard
to their stay on this balcony. However, he described the scane as though
it were outdoors looking at the fountain, rather than being a separate
place indoors. Rating = 4.
Target 5: Airport Tower. At the Palo Alto Airport there are
two towers. The target team was at a square stone tower, fifty yards
from a taller, thinner metal braced tower, which is not presently used.
The viewer made a careful sketch of a tall metal tower with diagonal
bracing. He called it a mast, with a "plane" at the bottom. When the
interviewer asked him about the plane, the viewer said it was a jack
plane" like carpenters use to finish woodwork. (This type of symbolism--
there were airplanes at the base of the tower--is often seen in remote
viewing transcripts.) The viewer also drew and described a globe and
clouds emblem (FAA symbol) on the tower door, which was studied by the
target team at the site. Our rating = 6, the highest of the thirty-six
trials in this introductory orientation series.
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Target 6: SRI Shielded Room. The viewer had a repeating view
of an outdoor, turning disk, which condensed for him into a drawing greatly
resembling a merry-go-round at a nearby park, a well known target described
in our published work. Little of this description resembled the actual
target. Our rating = 0.
In spite of two zero scores, this viewer ties for third among
the six participants. His sum of scores was 18, which may under-rate his
ability (which is so highly variable) to do remote viewing; we found his
descriptions of the small waterfall, the Varsity Theatre entrance, and the
airport tower very compelling.
3. Viewer No. 372
Target 1: Stanford Art Museum. The viewer described a stone
building with a higher central part, and two wings, one on either side.
He then drew the building in a careful pen and ink sketch. His drawing
strongly resembles the target. However, there are seven other, less
carefully executed sketches on the same page, and on other pages there
are sketches suggesting tombstones, which caused this transcript to be
ranked first place match to a cemetery. The transcript itself had many
elements which pertained to items in the museum entry, including column
design. The judge gave this a second place rank out of six. Our rating
assignment was = 4.
Target 2: Baylands Nature Preserve. For reasons yet to be
determined, this is the target which in our seven years work is most often
described excellently, and in a somewhat characteristic manner. The main
feature at this botanical garden at the San Francisco Bay is a wooden
walkway from the shore to an observation platform a quarter of a mile away
in the salt marsh. This walkway is crossed at right angles by a similar
one that follows a row of high-voltage transmission towers. In recent
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memory, every viewer who has had this target described a "large cross on
the ground." This viewer was no exception. He also had it as an outdoor
site with no other buildings. Rating = 5.
Target 3: Alta Mesa Memorial Park Cemetery. The remote viewer
reported a recurrent feeling of "rought-cut stone." It feels like a
church but it is not a church." He made a drawing of a small arched
building which is at the site. "Very peaceful and relaxed," he said.
A recurring theme was some kind of stone overhang, which was not at the
site, and was the cause of the judge to interchange this otherwise coherent
transcript with the Art Museum. Rating = 4.
Target 4: Jungle Gym. The viewer described a large box with
curved edges, made of wire-like bent coat hangers. He also had a metal
surface rippling and shining in the sun like a child's slide. (A slide
was next to the jungle gym target.) He made schematic drawings of both
the circular jungle gym, and the slide. He went on to say that the target
is more like a sculpture than a building, and indeed the playground
elements are in the form of metal sculptures (horse, car, etc.). Rating = 5.
Target 5: Salt Pile. This target is a salt refinery on the
San Francisco Bay. Its prominent feature is a gleaming white pile of salt
about 100 ft high, and 200 ft long. The viewer did not see the salt pile.
He described an outdoor site with birds and wind, which was correct. He
also saw some machinery. The item that allowed the judge to correctly
match the transcript to the target was his drawing of a large, orange,
pillow-shaped structure. This was easily matched to a large rusted quonset
hut at the site. He also spoke extensively of a sharp pointed object that
the outbound person was especially interested in. (In fact, RT had picked
up a very large salt crystal, and brought it back to SRI.) Although we
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considered the transcript somewhat nonspecific, the judge was able to
match it correctly. Rating = 3.
Target 6: Brickyard. There are initial descriptions of square
objects, and the first drawing looks like a drawing of a brick. The
transcript also had discussions of being inside a building, and of views
of towers, which are incorrect. He later sees things lined up that look
like books on a shelf. Again and again he has "very precise geometric
patterns," as "the most important aspect of the place." The drawing
package has six pages of curved objects and forms that do not apply,
however. Rating = 3.
The sum of ratings for this viewer is 24, the highest in the
group. The blind judging with transcript analysis resulted in correct
match to the appropriate targets for four of the six transcripts, and an
interchange of the remaining two. This gives four first places and two
second places in the final judging matrix. Using the exact count-of-
permutations analysis described above, the probability of obtaining by
chance a result equal to or better than the one obtained is p = 2/6: = 0.0027.
That is, the odds of obtaining a result of this significance by chance is
approximately 1 in 300.
The viewer's significant performance was repeated in his second
mi training period at SRI, when he took part in carefully controlled trials
which again produced highly significant results.
4. Viewer No. 468
Target 1: Merry-Go-Round. The target was a child's merry-go-
round in a playground sand pile. About 25 ft away is a spiral slide. The
viewer's main descriptions were of a large multistory building in a court-
yard. Inside this building he has a "free-floating staircase that is kind
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of suspended. It turns this way, and then there is a chute," a description
that resembled somewhat the spiral slide. However, there was nothing in
the drawings or transcript that pertained to the merry-go-round, so that
a judge would not be able to identify the target from that data. We
therefore assigned it a rating = 0, in spite of the suggestive correspon-
dences to a nearby feature.
al
Target 2: Windmill. This target is a white-vaned windmill on
a country road and has been well described by two previous viewers in past
years. This viewer described curving stairs (incorrect) and a circular
building like a water tank (correct). Our assessment rating = 3.
Target 3: Stanford Art Museum. The item of main interest at
this site is a 5 ft cube sculpture standing on its corner in front of a
mi columned portico of a Greek-style building. The viewer described a dark
rectangular solid sticking out of the front of the building, and drew a
careful sketch of pillars that support the front of the entry just behind
the cube. His transcript also had bridges, office buildings and cyclone
mi
fencing, which do not appear at the site. Our rating = 3, based on the
two good drawings of the projecting rectangular solid and the columns.
Target 4: Methodist Church. For this target he described a
.0
building with a "sloping roof with windows set into it." He then drew a
large sketch of a building with a pointed roof supported from the outside
by sloping roof beams. These features accurately represent the main fea-
tures of the large stone church that was the target. The viewer also
correctly described that the target team went inside the building, and
then looked out through windows toward the end of the trial. Our rating
di
= 5.
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We should note that the viewer seemed quite tense to the inter-
viewer during the first three trials. On Thursday, just before trial 4,
his friend, who is our contract monitor, arrived at SRI to observe the
protocol, and particularly the randomization procedure used in target
selection. He also observed this trial by joining the outbound target
team, at which time we noticed a dramatic change in the viewer's performance.
Target 5: Four Seasons Arch. "I get the feeling of their
walking through an opening in a low wall." That is just what a target
team does at this omega-shaped arch in front of a restaurant. The viewer
had several arch shapes, together with a carefully drawn wall comprising
300 degrees of a circle, and correctly labeled as being white (although
lying on the ground, which is incorrect). The transcript is all arches
and walls for the first four pages, and then drifts into buildings and
wooden structures which are not at the site. Our rating = 5.
Target 6: Mount Alverno Conference Center. This target consists
of an assembly building with glass doors, and an overhanging shallow-
pitched roof which resembles in many details the drawing made by the
viewer. He also correctly described the approach to the site over a
little bridge with hand rails. He also said that the building is locked,
so that the target team could not go inside (correct). Further he described
a bridge "that goes nowhere," in striking agreement with a stairway that
rises up a hill, and appears to go nowhere, since all one sees at the top of
the stairway is the sky. The viewer did not describe a tall stone tower
surmounted by a gold cross next to the assembly building, which is con-
sidered part of the target site. Our assessment = 5, because of the good
drawing of the main building, and an accurate description of the place as
being "quite like a church but not exactly a church itself."
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Sum of ratings = 21. We note that this viewer's ability to make
clear drawings of his mental images (he is a professional illustrator)
is a great asset both to himself in describing his remote viewing experi-
ences, and to those trying to evaluate his descriptions.
5. Viewer No. 518
Target 1: Stanford Shopping Center. The target is the central
courtyard of the Stanford Shopping Center. This is a great rotunda
surrounded by high arches and is paved with tiles in a circular pattern.
al
The pedestrian avenues leading away from this hub have fountains and large
planters with flowers. The viewer drew and described a round fountain with
NO
a spray, located close to a rectangular box with something dark in it
md (foliage perhaps). This transcript did not contain a description of the
central focus of the target, although many elements could be found in the
nearby pedestrian avenues. Rating = 3.
Target 2: Bowling Alley. The viewer described an outdoor scene
with a large building with overhang (correct) with many curves and oaken
doors (incorrect). Inside he had a complex structure like a throne. We
mi
found little resemblance to the target. Rating = 1.
mi
Target 3: Alta Mesa Cemetery. The viewer described and drew
several small buildings. "A place to walk and stroll. A place of fun and
Nati
recreation. He had a recurring bicycle throughout the transcript which
could not be matched. Our rating = 1.
mi Target 4: Hoover Tower. The viewer had the feeling that he was
"abnormally high." He also saw the semicircular ends of a dark tunnel in
which he was standing. The target team was on the observation deck of
Hoover Tower. The deck is surmounted with a domed ceiling (that the viewer
Eel
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described) and each of the four sides is a large floor-to-ceiling arch,
making the view outside much brighter than the space inside the observation
deck. The viewer clearly had the idea of shade, coolness, arches, and
height. Our rating = 4.
Target 5: Swimming Pool Complex. The viewer described "a two-
dimensional rectangle that is not a structure," in a plaza surrounded
by walls. His images finally resolved into a three-tiered fountain of
lazy-susan construction. At the site the target team was standing between
a large rectangular pool and a circular wading pool 100 ft across. The
target team members discussed at the site the fact that if the viewer
described the wading pool as three concentric circles in a plaza, that
would probably indicate target acquisition. (The circular pool has three
depth graduations, each marked by a dark circular band.) The viewer's
final drawing is of three nested circles in the middle of a plaza, surrounded
by a wall, with trellises and foliage on the sides (correct). However,
this very apropos drawing was preceded by others less descriptive of or
applicable to the target. Our rating = 4.
Target 6: Miniature Golf Course. The target team concentrated
their attention on a red A-frame schoolhouse on a miniature golf course.
The viewer several times described teepee-shaped structures, but the main
portion of his description pertained to the inside of a hall with much
confusion, and a row of what looked like display cases. (Actually the hall
contained rows of pinball machines.) Our rating = 2.
The sum of ranks for this viewer was 15, which is the lowest of
the six participants. However, since these trials this viewer has returned
to SRI for an additional two weeks of work. During that time he appeared
to perform quite well on the remote viewing of slides, hidden objects, and
distant coordinates. These additional trials are discussed later.
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6. Viewer No. 690
Target 1: Alta Mesa Cemetery. The viewer, on this first trial,
had a very diffuse transcript; mainly outdoors, grass, reeds, and trees,
in a natural, not man-made environment. The viewer had low cliffs nearby.
The drawings were relatively nonspecific. Because of the outdoor natural-
istic description, the rating = 2.
Target 2: Four Seasons Restaurant Arch. The target is a large
white omega-shaped stone arch set into a wall in front of a restaurant.
The subject described "a white dome supported by pillars, and also a
fence. Throughout the brief two-page transcript there was only the "gazebo"
like structure that you can see through, and the fence. Rating = 4.
Target 3: Sheilded Room. The target is a small rectangular
screen-room, about 4 by 8 by 7 ft high. The principle feeling of this
target is one of confinement. The viewer said, "he seems inside a square
something, looking out through a square. It's dark inside. It is not
terribly high, 6 ft maybe." The drawing shows a rectangular structure
marked "6 ft wide." The screen-room is as close as we can get to sending
an outbound team "nowhere." Our assessment of the viewer's description
= 5.
Target 4: Automobile Showroom. The target is a hexagonal glass
building with a conical roof. The viewer's first impression was of "a
glass bottle with a thin neck." "I keep getting the impression of glass,
lots of glass objects." "It is some kind of store." The subject felt
"bad vibes" from the place; it seemed threatening. It turned out that HP,
the outbound person, was sent to an automobile showroom and was pretending
to be interested in a new car, attracting the salesmen in the showroom.
He came back reporting that it was one of the most unpleasant outbound
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experiences he has had. The drawings were diffuse, but because of the
essentially correct, though exaggerated emotional perceptions, it received
mi a rating = 4.
Target 5: Palo Alto Library. The outbound team stood between
the shelves in the library stacks. The viewer did not describe anything
about the library, and the rating = 0.
There was an interesting facet in connection with this trial,
am
however. The viewer described a cornfield with rows of corn ready for
picking, etc. When we heard the tape for this trial we could think of
Nu
no such place in the city of Palo Alto. But in accordance with our usual
protocol, we took the viewer back to the target site. As we were parking
the car in the same spot as we had initially, the viewer looked out the
left window of the car and exclaimed, "that's my corn field." Immediately
adjacent to the public library, there is a community garden, which this
year is devoted entirely to corn. So, one may speculate that the viewer
no
accessed this adjacent area while attempting to describe where the beacon
was located.
mai
Target 6: Methodist Church. All the images in this transcript
mi
pertain to a one story building with "an inverted V roof." The main
feature of the target is just such a roof. The viewer also correctly
gni
identified the target as being a building in downtown Palo Alto. Since
there were no identifying characteristics given, our rating = 4.
The sum ratings for the six trials is 19, which is the third
highest in the group. One of the main features that contribute to this
viewer's relatively high rating is that these transcripts are relatively
free of incorrect material; the viewer does not have a lot to say, but
what is said is largely correct. We consider this to be a very desirable
characteristic.
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The formal judging for this series correlated well with our
subjective assessments. The separate verbal and pictorial ratings each
gave four first place matches out of six, and the combined averages gave
five first place matches. All three matrices turn out to possess the
highest assignable score out of all possible permutations in the direct-
count-of permutations method, and the probability of obtaining such a result
by chance is only p = 1/6: = 0.0013.
Comparison of Blind Judging and Subjective Assessment
We have described in some detail how a judge arrives at a numerical
ranking of the trials in a formal evaluation of a series, by use of concept
analysis of the transcripts.
In order to arrive quickly at a trial-by-trial assessment, we occa-
sionally make use also of a simple post hoc rating technique of a type
devised by the client. In this approach one rates as "perfect" (e.g.,
7 on a 0-7 scale) a transcript in which the target is unequivocally
identified. If there is no apparent relationship between the transcript
and the intended target on the other hand, the transcript is rated 0.
For intermediate results, an intermediate rating is assigned, as indicated
in Table 2.
In the four series that have been formally judged at SRI, two were
found to differ significantly from chance expectation, and two were found
to be at chance. Before this formal judging, all transcripts were numeri-
cally rated using the 0-7 scale, in the presence of the contract monitor.
We are now in a position to compare mathematically our subjective impres-
sions of the transcripts (post hoc evaluation scale) with the formal ratings
of the same transcripts by a blind judge.
Since the judge rates transcripts on a 1 to 6 (best to worst) scale,
and the subjective rating is on a 0 to 7 (worst to best) scale, to make
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Table 2
0-7 POINT EVALUATION SCALE FOR TARGET/TRANSCRIPT CORRESPONDENCE
7 = Excellent correspondence, including good analytical detail (e.g.,
naming the site by name).
6 = Good correspondence with good analytical information (e.g., naming
the function), and with essentially no incorrect information.
5*= Good correspondence with unambiguous unique matchable elements and
little incorrect information.
4 = Good correspondence with several matchable elements, but some
incorrect information.
3 = Mixture of correct and incorrect elements, but enough of the former
to indicate viewer has made contact with the site.
2 = Some correct elements, but not sufficient to suggest results beyond
chance expectation.
1 = Little correspondence.
0 = No correspondence.
In blind judging transcripts rated 5 or above are typically first-place
matched without difficulty.
a comparison it is necessary to normalize the two scales. Since (with the
exception of one entry) our highest subjective ratings were fives, we have
done this by subtracting the subjective rating from six in every case,
giving a range 1-6, best to worst match, which can be compared directly to
the objective formal evaluation scale. (In the one case where a 6 was
given in the 0-7 scale, we conservatively count it as a 5 so that it would
fit this renormalizing scheme.)
We have numerically calculated the correlation coefficient between these
two sets of ratings for the twenty-four transcripts/target pairs so far
evaluated by both procedures. For the 24 pairs, the correlation coefficient,
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r = 0.68 (see following graph). The numerical probability of this corre-
lation this high or higher occurring by chance between "uncorrelated"
data over the same range of values, is less than one in ten thousand
(p 5 X 105)0
This important result shows that the rating technique used extensively
by the client organization to evaluate transcripts and viewer performance
is very well correlated with objective blind matching normally used in
psychology to evaluate free response data.
JUDGES RANKING
6
5
4
3
2
0
?
T
THEORETICAL
CURVE
I
/
/
/
/
/
/
? 0
/
/
/
\
ACTUAL
CORRELATION
FOR 24
REGRESSION
r = 0.68
PAIRS
CURVE;
?
/
/
e
IP
/
/
/
)
0
0
0
UNCLASSIFIED
2 3 4
SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
5
COMPARISON OF BLIND JUDGING AND SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS (U)
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The data are given below:
Viewer No. 155
Normalized
Blind Subjective
Target Judging Rating
Valombrosa 6 4
Logo 6 6
Museum 4 3
Plaza 1 1
Fire Circle 5 3
Overpass 4 3
Viewer No. 292
?
Target
Blind
Judging
Normalized
Subjective
Rating
Motel
6
6
Wallbangers
4
2
Courtyard
3
3
Shielded Room
5
6
Airport
1
0
Theatre
2
1
Viewer No. 372
Target
Blind
Judging
Normalized
Subjective
Rating
Museum
2
2
Baylands
1
1
Cemetery
2
2
Jungle Gym
1
1
Salt Pile
1
3
Brickyard
1
3
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Viewer No. 690
Target
?
Blind
Judging
Normalized
Subjective
Rating
Arch
1
2
Shielded Room
1
1
Cemetery
1
4
Library
5
6
Auto Showroom
1
2
Church
1
2
D. Remote Viewing of 35mm Slides
The purpose of this series of trials was to determine whether a remote
viewer could describe the contents of a 35mm slide of a target site with
the same accuracy as he describes an actual target site.
The protocol was as follows. The remote viewer was located alone in
the third floor laboratory of the Radio Physics Building, and asked to
describe the contents of slides projected within an office trailer in a
parking lot 300 ft away. The target slides for these trials were photo-
graphs of the 60 San Francisco Bay Area sites used in our ordinary remote
viewing trials. The use of this particular target pool allows us to
compare the quality of the descriptions that are elicited in trials with
the slides as compared with those involving the actual outdoor targets.
A trial series consists of six slides, and the viewer is given feedback
after each individual trial, before the start of the next. (This is done
to avoid displacement, known to occur in parapsychological experiments
where trial-by-trial-feedback is not provided, in which a viewer might tend
to describe a target slide from elsewhere in the series, rather than the
one just projected.)
oft
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NI
The viewer is monitored via a one-way open intercom connected to the
room in the trailer in which the slide is being shown to the series
monitor. The session is tape recorded at the latter end of the link.
To begin, the monitor selected by random number generator, a slide after
the viewer announces that he is ready. No feedback is provided to the
mi viewer until the viewer has indicated that he is finished and the monitor
has gone to the room in which the viewer has been working and collects
? his drawings. A session typically lasts about fifteen minutes.
1. Viewer No. 372
The first series of six trials was carried out by Viewer 372
during his second two-week period at SRI. The six target slides were of
the following targets:
(1) Alta Mesa Cemetery
(2) Ultra-modern Dome House
(3) Pedestrian Overpass
(4) Mount Alverno Conference Center
(5) Redwood City Cross
ow (6) Stanford Shopping Center Pavillion.
Our subjective post hoc impression was that four of the six descriptions
were good matches to the target slides.
The results were formally evaluated by a blind judge using the
NO
concept analysis techniques being applied to the outdoor target series.
As per standard procedure the transcript/drawing response packages and
target material (slides) were turned over to the judge, each in a separate
random order different from the order of target usage. Again, the transcripts
mo A second intercom to the subject can be activated by the monitor by a
punch-to-talk switch in the trailer.
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were edited only to the point of deleting information which could provide
artifactual cues to the judge, such as references to other targets or
temporal order. (Only five of the target/transcript pairs were submitted
for judging, since the judge had been exposed to one of the results
[target 4] presented at a briefing as an example of excellent slide
viewing.)
The judge was asked to blind rank order, on a scale 1 to 5, best
to worst match, each of the transcripts againsg each of the targets,
generating a 5 X 5 matrix of the five target/transcript pairings, three
were directly matched, one was matched second place, one third. The
direct-count-of-permutations analysis of the matrix yielded a result sig-
nificant at p = 2/120 = 0.017.
Three of the drawings and slide targets for this viewer are
shown here as Figures 1 through 3. We conclude from these results that
viewers can describe target slides, and from the content of the transcripts
it appears that they are describing the slides as projected, not the
overall target location.
2. Viewer No. 518
A similar series of six trials was conducted with Viewer 518.
His six target slides were:
(1) Laundromat interior
(2) Varsity Theatre arcade
(3) White victorian house
(4) Sylvania dome building
(5) Glass Slipper Motel
(6) A locomotive slide in a playground.
The viewer made what we consider to be three excellent sets of drawings
to correspond with the Victorian, the Motel, and the Theatre targets.
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ge2,70:emi'66reLjc ,1
6.4 eed itw itc 44 (AID,
UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 1 STANFORD SHOPPING CENTER--TARGET, AND VIEWER 372 DRAWING (U)
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Wm.
UNCLASSI FIED
FIGURE 2. MOUNT ALVERNO CONFERENCE CENTER, AND VIEWER 372 DRAWING (U)
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UNCLASSIFIED
psi:D
fA-cpco,e-
Sckiontif
or pot) D 4
st
eflex-?6
FIGURE 3 ULTRA MODERN DOME HOUSE--TARGET, AND VIEWER 372 DRAWING (U)
32
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These three drawing/target pairs are shown here in Figures 4 through 6.
The correspondences for the remaining three were of lesser quality,
although still containing many correct elements. Our final evaluation
will have to await formal judging. We note in passing that this viewer
? produced more coherent transcripts and drawings in this series than he
did for the outdoor targets.
El
It appears from the data thus far that remote viewers can per-
ceive the contents of projected slides. Furthermore, they appear to
describe the slides themselves, rather than the geographical locations
corresponding to the slides. Finally, it appears that because of the more
limited focus of content presented by the slide, a viewer has an easier
time providing data that is associated with what is defined to be the
target.
E. Remote Viewing of Alphabet Letters
The purpose of this study was to determine whether an isolated remote
viewer could learn to discriminate between and identify alphabet letters.
? The percipient, Viewer 372, was located in the third floor laboratory of
the Radio Physics Building at SRI, while the experimenters and the target
dim materials were in an office trailer in a nearby parking lot (as in the
slide series).
The protocol in all twelve trials in this series was for the viewer
to identify a randomly chosen three-letter word exposed to view in the
target room. The targets used in this series were red block letters
eight inches high, cemented to white cardboard. The three letters making
up each word were placed on the chalk tray of the target room blackboard
Twelve trials were carried out. A satisfactory protocol was developed
only by the third trial, so the first two must be considered exploratory.
In trial 1, the target word was randomly chosen from a group of ten
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FIGURE 4 VARSITY THEATRE ARCADE--TARGET, AND VIEWER 518 DRAWING (U)
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UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 5 VICTORIAN HOUSE--TARGET, AND VIEWER 518 DRAWING (U)
35
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?
cro.1-
-2 S
v///,//Y
UNCLASSIFIED
FIGURE 6 GLASS SLIPPER MOTEL--TARGET, AND VIEWER 518 DRAWING (U)
36
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previously prepared words placed in opaque envelopes. In all other trials
the target word was chosen by random entry into a 1700 page college
dictionary (selecting the first three-letter word on the page) using a
Texas Instruments SR-51 random number generator. In trials 1 and 2, the
viewer was given feedback after each letter. In both of these trials he
failed to name the first letter, but after being told the first letter
G for GUN and V for VAT, he was able to confidently and correctly name
the following two letters in quick succession. In trials 3 through 12
feedback was given only after all three letters were named, to counter-
measure analysis strategies.
The letters were displayed one at a time, and the viewer would give
his impressions of each in turn. After each description, that letter
would be removed, and the viewer would be informed that the next letter
was in place. Except for trial 5, the letters were always presented in
their order of occurrence in the word. (In trial 5 it had been decided
in advance to display the letters in random order, to discourage end-word
guessing. This turned out to be unsatisfactory, however, apparently
producing confusion for the viewer, who named all three letters correctly,
but had them in the wrong order. He then couldn't think of a word, and
changed two of the letters.)
Of the nine 3-letter words presented in a consistent manner (3, 4,
6-12), the viewer was correct in 6 of his letter assignments (i.e., of the
27 letters presented, 6 were identified, a significant departure from
chance expectation.
F. Extended Remote Viewing (ERV)
1.
Background
One of the program remote viewers (518) stated that over the
past few years he had on occasion experienced spontaneous extended remote
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viewing (ERV), usually associated with rest or sleep periods. Subjectively,
these ERV experiences appeared to be of unusual intensity and clarity;
however, the situation and/or content of these experiences did not lend
themselves to independent objective verification. Therefore, Remote
Viewer 518 requested that some time be devoted to investigating the
phenomenon, with the goal of determining whether the content of such ERV
experiences was verifiable and, further, of superior quality to that
obtained in the ordinary RV protocol.
2. Pilot Effort
An initial single-trial pilot effort in ERV was carried out
during Remote Viewer 518's first stay at SRI. In this trial there was
some evidence that information obtained in the ERV state was veridical.
Therefore, it was decided that upon his return a formal series of trials
would be undertaken.
3. Formal Series (Six Trials)
The formal series of trials consisted of six targeting periods
of approximately three hours each. During each of these trials the remote
viewer was closeted in a third-floor laboratory of the Radio Physics
Laboratory in the SRI complex and asked to render drawings and describe
into a tape recorder his impressions of a target object. Each session
was terminated either by the monitor who indicated that the (approximate
three-hour period was up, or by the remote viewer himself at a somewhat
earlier time. The remote viewer was then taken to the target location
for feedback.
ERV (extended remote viewing) is here defined as an exercise in remote
viewing for an extended period of time, generally lasting for more than
an hour. Furthermore, an effort is made to maximize the subjective sense
? of awareness of the target site while minimizing the subjective sense of
awareness of the remote viewer's physical surroundings.
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alreeitlEdrin
For the first four trials the targets were chosen by the SSO
of an SRI SI/SAO facility, and placed on display on a conference room
table in that facility. (The SSO is not otherwise associated with the
SRI psychoenergetics program.) For the first trial the remote viewer was
asked to describe the facility as well as the target object; for the
remaining three trials just the target object.
Before the fifth trial, it was decided by the remote viewer and
monitor that the target location for the remaining two trials should be
changed so as to avoid analytical overlay problems associated with target-
site familiarity. The site chosen by the monitor was the roof of the
Radio Physics Laboratory building, directly above the ceiling of the room
in which the remote viewer was located.
a Trial One
The target object for Trial One was a copper ewer (pitcher)
placed on a dark brown wood-grained table (see Figure 7). The remote
viewer sketched an object which evolved into a table-lamp base, finally
111
topped by a lampshade.
umi The description of the facility rendered by the remote viewer
had many matching elements, especially if one considers that the remote
mi viewer combined the two primary rooms into one; because of this, however,
the description is ambigious and can't be taken as evidential.
b. Trial Two
'or
The target object for Trial Two was a metal food mill with
red handle shown in Figure 8. In response the remote viewer sketched a
gni
silver-grey object with a handle on it that looked first like a fireplace
scoop (most correct), and then evolved into a bellows.
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COPPER PITCHER AND VIEWER NO. 518 ERV RESPONSE
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c. Trial Three
The target for Trial Three was a straw hat with curled up
brim and dimpled top (Figure 9). The remote viewer's response is shown
in the same figure.
d. Trial Four
Target four was a photographic tripod (Figure 10). The
remote viewer's response, shown in the same figure, consisted essentially
of a silver teapot-like object sitting on a tripod.
C.
Trial Five
Following the first four trials, the monitor and remote
viewer agreed that the target location for the remaining two trials should
be elsewhere than the now-familiar SI/SAO facility. Several alternative
locations were discussed, with the final decision to be made by the monitor.
The monitor chose the roof of the Radio Physics Laboratory. Due to an
error in timing, the remote viewer began the fifth session without having
met with the monitor to be informed as to which of the discussed alterna-
tive locations was to be used. In the absence of this communication
there was no overtly agreed-upon target location. Nonetheless, we observe
post hoc that the remote viewer experienced an outside brightly-lit gravel-
based area, and provided a response which resembled the intended target
area (see Figure 11). Because of the ambiguity of target location, however,
this result was not included in the package of results to be blind judged.
f. Trial Six
mi The target chosen for the final trial was a world globe
(Figure 12). In response the remote viewer drew a sphere mounted on a
stand, but did not cognize the map aspect.
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5
TRIPOD TARGET AND VIEWER NO. 518 ERV RESPONSE
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141
1
1,.
I}'
r
44
AP.
:
....4
UNCLASSIFIED
5
STRAW HAT TARGET AND VIEWER NO. 518 ERV RESPONSE
0
.--
Li.1
CC
D
0
LT
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45
UNCLASSI F
ANTENNA AND VIEWER NO. 518 ERV RESPONSE
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GLOBE TARGET AND VIEWER NO. 518 ERV RESPONSE
FIGURE 12
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4. Discussion
For an assessment as to the quality of
in the ERV series, the results were submitted to
for blind judging. The judging packet submitted
remote viewing obtained
two independent analysts
to the analysts consisted
of the remote viewer drawings, and target photographs, each in their own
random order different from the order of target usage. The analysts were
instructed to blind rank order, on a scale 1-5 (best to worst match),
each of the five drawing packets against each of the five target photographs.
One analyst obtained three direct matches, one second-place,
and one fourth place match; the other: one direct match, three second-
place, and one fourth place match. The difference between the two was a
mi pair of responses that were essentially indistinguishable with regard to
a particular pair of targets (food mill and hat). The matrices were analyzed
? using the direct-count-of-permutations method discussed earlier. One of
the two judges results reached statistical significance at the p = 0.05
level.
?
Nei
With regard to a comparison between ERV and the ordinary RV
process, the data obtained is roughly of the same quality as that of
ordinary RV. There was therefore, no apparent advantage in committing
the greater time period for the ERV process. By report of the RVer,
however, the subjectively more intense ERV state was never fully achieved
in this series, and therefore no definitive comparison between RV and ERV
is possible at this point. We therefore recommend further effort along
this line to ascertain the full potential of the ERV process.
See, the technology series in H. Puthoff and R. Targ, "A Perceptual
Channel for Information Transfer Over Kilometer Distances," Proc. IEEE
64, pp. 329-354 (March 1976).
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G. Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV) with Immediate Feedback
Of special interest for operational applications is a particular form
of RV known as coordinate remote viewing (CRV). CRV is a procedure whereby
the RVer accesses the target location on the basis of an abstract locator
such as geographical coordinates. As inexplicable as such a phenomenon
might seem, we appeal simply to pragmatism in that it appears to work.
It has been shown that good results can be obtained even with the use
of special arbitrarily-constructed coordinate systems; the CRV phenomenon
thus appears to provide yet another example of "goal orientation" in
psychoenergetic phenomena, rather than being particularly related to
coordinate systems per se.
An orientation program for CRV has been designed at SRI, and is being
applied with success with RVers inexperienced in CRV. The details are as
follows.
A target pool of more than 100 geographical sites from around the
globe has been prepared and is being continually expanded. The locations
are chosen to embody some particular well-defined characteristic (e.g.,
mountains, oceans, deserts, lakes, cities, islands, rivers). The coordi-
nates of these locations, obtained from standard reference atlases, are
each written on one side of a 3" X 5" file card, on the other side of which
is a descriptor (e.g., Mt. Hekla volcano, Iceland) along with an atlas
reference. The cards are then placed in envelopes, coordinates facing the
back, and randomized.
R. Targ, H. Puthoff, B. Humphrey, and C. Tart, "Investigations of Target
Acquisition," Research in Parapsychology 1979, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen,
N.J. (In press).
The Times Atlas of the World, Houghton Miflin Co., Boston, 1971. People's
Republic of China Atlas, U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, 1971.
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The CRV orientation procedure is as follows.
(1) RVer and facilitator seat themselves at opposite ends
of a table in a quiet environment, the former with a
supply of paper and a pen, the latter with target
envelopes (contents unknown) and the reference atlases.
(2) The CRVeris instructed that the facilitator will begin
the CRV process by selecting an envelope and reading
aloud the target coordinates. The CRVer is to note down
on paper any immediate impressions (which he may also
express aloud) and then, rather than embellishing on
his first impressions, to ask for the coordinates to
be read aloud again so that the original process may
be repeated, etc., until a coherent picture of the
site emerges.
(3) Following these instructions, the facilitator selects an
envelope at random, opens it from the rear so as to be
exposed to the coordinates only, and then begins the
process described above.
(4) After one or more repetitions of the coordinates (each
followed by a CRV response) leads to a recognizable
target characteristic, the card is turned over by the
facilitator, and the atlas consulted (if necessary)
in order to give feedback. A line is drawn on the
CRVer's data sheet to separate the data generated thus
from further data, since up to this point the data
were generated in a double-blind protocol and can be
objectively evaluated later as a test of target
acquisition.
(5) Having terminated the target acquisition "test" phase,
feedback can now be given and/or further data solicited.
The feedback given at this point is nonnegative, ranging
from "that's the target" through "near the target" to
"you are at another target" (giving the CRVer the benefit
of the doubt). The facilitator then has the option of
terminating the viewing, asking for more detail ("there's
something ten miles north that should be visible") or
restarting the process when the viewer's original descrip-
tion did not correspond to the target site. In the latter
case the facilitator can, of course, guide or cue the CRVer
into a correct response, but (a) this is acceptable in the
nontest part of the sequence, (b) this can be checked for
by asking for detail in the surrounding region, and
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(c) provides an opportunity to investigate whether such
cueing procedures can be useful in operationally-
oriented applications (e.g., guiding the CRVer onto the
target site with cues "a," "b," "f," and then
asking for "g").
RVer 518 was exposed to this protocol, a few targets per session,
over a several-day period, resulting in a data pool of 26 CRV target
viewings. They were: Salt Lake Desert, Utah; Lake Erie; Chicago;
Mono Lake; Aruba Island; Lake Okeechobee; Yount's Peak, Wyoming;
Pitcairn Island; Pike's Peak; Los Angeles; Atlantic Ocean; Rio de Janeiro;
Kansas plains, St. Peter and Paul Islands; Randall Dam, South Dakota;
Lake Titicaca; Cape May; Niagra Falls; Munich; Amazon River; Midwestern
plains; Venezuelan Peninsula; Sierra Blanca Mountain; Oregon Desert;
Panama Canal; Puerto Rico.
Following the first pilot session of five, in which essentially
immediate feedback was given, the remaining twenty-one were carried out
with delayed feedback and thus provided material which could be assessed
objectively. Categorizing the targets into five groups (mountains, flats,
water, cities, islands/peninsulas, the target/response matrix (before
feedback) is as shown in Table 3. The probability of such an alignment
occurring by chance alone can be calculated by the direct-count-of-
permutations method discussed earlier and leads to p = 0.0083. The
distribution of responses is therefore statistically significant. Further-
more, beyond simple statistics, certain individual responses were excep-
tionally accurate during the acquisition "test" phase, e.g., a good drawing
of an island (the target was Puerto Rico) and indication that coordinates
given were at the southeast shoreline (correct).
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Table 3
DISTRIBUTION OF TARGET/RESPONSE MATCHINGS
Targets
Transcripts
Mountains
Flats
Water
Cities
Is
Peninsulas
Mountains
3
0
0
0
0
Flats
0
1
1
1
0
Water
0
0
6
0
0
Cities
0
0
0
2
1
Islands/Peninsulas
1
0
0
0
5
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IV CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The principle observations deriving from our experience thus far with
client remote viewers is that, first, there is considerable evidence for
successful remote viewing, there is less variability in overall performance
among the viewers as a group, than there is from trial to trial with a
given viewer. These observations are exemplified by viewer 518. Some of
the highest quality remote viewing we have seen came from the series with
Viewer 518 describing remote slides; whereas, this particular viewer was
the least successful, four weeks earlier, in a series involving the
description of remote geographical locations.
Our findings that a viewer may be able to describe and identify
alphabet letters is a most encouraging development. Previously we have
obtained only very nonanalytic descriptions of letters, with the viewer
failing when he was asked to identify the letter. We consider this new
result deserving of further work, and we plan to pursue it during the
remaining months of this program. Extension of the RV process to include
reading would constitute a significant breakthrough for operational
applications.
The data indicating that a viewer can describe an individual slide
as it is shown on a screen answers an important question; namely, whether
the viewer is able to focus his attention on a particular slide of interest
or whether his viewing would become generalized to the actual location
associated with the slide. This observed degree of specificity indicates
that contamination of specific targets may not be as great a problem as
one might hypothesize.
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Further, in the trials with extended remote
that the viewer was able to identify
object in each of the trials. These
significant
trials were
viewing (ERV), it appears
elements of a hidden
carried out under con-
ditions of tight security, and the results indicate a level of reliability
that suggests that the more leisurely pace of these trials might be
beneficial to a viewer in his efforts to avoid premature analysis or
labeling, and to rid his mind of material from the day's activities which
might otherwise overlay his perceptions of the target. Further work is
required, however, before a definitive comparison of RV and ERV can be
made.
The procedures developed for yielding success on coordinate remote
viewing (CRV) also appear to be fruitful, and will be employed with the
remaining client personnel during their second orientation period at SRI.
In the coming months we will complete the judging of all trials
and work with the remaining four viewers whom we expect for two-week
periods of work at SRI.
With regard to further work, it appears extremely desirable to
establish and determine some measures, physiological and/or psychological,
to determine when a viewer is providing accurate as opposed to inaccurate
data.
One approach involves training the viewer to develop the ability to
discriminate, himself; that is, to label each of his data bits as correct,
analytical overlay, and so forth. As this report goes to press, we have
evidence that a procedure we have developed to do this is producing success
in this area.
As a complementary approach, several reports in the literature during
the past decade indicate that galvanic skin response (GSR), electromyo-
graph (EMG), and measurements of blood volume with a plethysmograph may
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serve as indicative and noninvasive measures of so-called psi-condusive
states, and therefore could potentially be used to "gate" the information
content of RV sessions. To this list we would add voice stress analysis
techniques as a possibility. We therefore suggest that these approaches
be given some consideration as candidates for future investigation.
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