JPRS REPORT - TELECOMMUNICATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 31
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 9, 2014
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: May 25, 1988
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 MAY 1988 ?
FOREIGN
BROADCAST
INFORMATION
SERVICE
TTP -47
DCl/ICS/PPS 1 m
rn
8W09 ;S TAT
xx m
:a
I"
JPRS Report
Telecommunications
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Telecommunications
JPRS-TTP-88-007
AFRICA (SUB-SAHARA)
MOZAMBIQUE
CANADA
CONTENTS
25 MAY 1988
Microwave Link Established With Malawi; Project Described
[Roziliro Twea; Blantyre DAILY TIMES, 11 Mar 88] 1
Nortel Signs Digital PBX Joint Venture Agreement With China
[James Rusk; Toronto THE GLOBE AND MAIL, 15 Apr 88] 2
B. C. Tel Starts Laying Fiber Optic Line [Vancouver THE SUN, 23 Mar 88] 2
Business Reported Booming at Two Cellular Networks
[Windsor THE SATURDAY WINDSOR STAR, 12 Mar 88] 3
CHINA
FRG To Use Chinese Satellite for Research [Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service, 7 May 88] 4
Accelerated Satellite Launchings To Aid Economy [Beijing X1NHUA Domestic Service, 12 May 88] 4
Hainan Speeds Up Telecommunications Development
[Beijing ZHONGGUO XINWEN SHE, 8 May 88] 4
EAST ASIA
HONG KONG
Changes in Telecommunications Law Reviewed
[Lulu Yu; Hong Kong SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST, 5 Apr 88] 6
JAPAN
Telecommunications Minister To Visit UK, France [Tokyo KYODO, 21 Apr 88] 7
LATIN AMERICA
JAMAICA
$62 Million Investment in Telecommunications Planned
[Kingston THE DAILY GLEANER, 11 Apr 88] 8
NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA
BANGLADESH
Indigenous Phone Sets, Exchanges in Production [Dhaka THE NEW NATION, 15 Mar 88] 9
INDIA
Building of Satellite Center Discussed With USSR [Madras THE HINDU, 28 Mar 88] 9
Remote Sensing Satellite Transmitting Regularly
[Delhi Doordarshan Television Network, 4 May 88] 10
ADB Loan for Telecommunications [Delhi Domestic Service, 27 Apr 88] 10
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 MAY 1988 2
IRAN
TV Transmitter in Lorestan [Tehran Domestic Service, 27 Apr 88] 10
WEST EUROPE
BELGIUM
Belgium's ACEC in ESPRIT Fiber Optics Project
[Brussels NOUVELLES DE LA SCIENCE ET DES TECHNOLOGIES, Oct 87] 11
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
Cabinet Plans Restructuring of Bundespost Services
[Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 13 May 88] 14
TV-SAT 2 To Be Launched [Hamburg DPA, 11 May 88] 14
ITALY
ESA Plans for Land Mobile Satellite Systems Outlined
[Alex Steciw; Milan ALTA FREQUENZA, No 10, Dec 87] 14
Evolution of European Cellular Communications Reviewed
[Renzo Fail/i, Pietro Porzio Giusto; Milan ALTA FREQUENZA, Dec 87] 17
Telettra Applications of Microwave Technologies Outlined
[Guido Vannucchi; Milan ALTA FREQUENZA, Dec 87] 19
Selenia Spazio Researcher on New Satellite Communications
[Claudio Mastracci; Milan ALTA FREQUENZA, Dec 87] 23
NORWAY
Three of Largest Businesses in Mobile Phone Project
[Ulf Peter Hellstrom; Oslo AFTENPOSTEN, 9 Apr 88] 27
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
MOZAMBIQUE
AFRICA (SUB-SAHARA)
Microwave Link Established With Malawi;
Project Described
55000007 Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English
11 Mar 88 p 15
[Article by Roziliro Twea]
[Text] Malawi and Mozambique are soon to strike a
higher wavelength in communication with the establish-
ment of the Salambidwe Microwave Station in Chik-
wawa.
Situated in the outskirts of Chief Chapananga's area,
some 70 kilometres north-west of the Boma, the new
microwave station stands about 950 metres above sea
level, at the southern tip of the Kirk Range on the
Malawi/Mozambique border.
Work on the project started after the governments of
Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe signed a K18.30
million aid agreement with the governments of Norway
and Sweden "for the delivery and installation of tele-
communications equipment and associated works on
microwave contacts between the three southern African
states".
Signing
The signing ceremony took place during Sadcc's annual
consultative conference in Gaberone, Botswana's capital
in February of last year.
Salambidwe Station is thus expected to provide a direct
relay link between Blantyre and Tete in Mozambique,
from where further booster units would connect the
former to Harare in Zimbabwe and Beira on the Mozam-
bican coast.
When the job is finally completed, before the end of the
year according to the contractors, E B Nera and Com-
pany?Mozambique and Malawi will "literally enjoy
better telecommunication, on a higher wavelength."
The first phase of the project has already been completed
at a cost of K2.2 million, boasting a 21 kilometre all
weather road and a hilltop station.
The road links the station and the outlying areas to
Mwanza and Chikwawa and places further in country
through a seasonal District Road Improvement and
Maintenance Project (Drimp) thorough-fare which runs
on the fringes of Majete game reserve, joining the two
border districts.
During a recent visit to the site, the Post Master General
and a group of senior government engineers, consulting
engineering, donors' and contractors' representatives
noted that farm areas are opening up and settlers are
moving in along the road.
The second phase of the project is to commence soon
and will entail equipping the hilltop station with relay
equipment and provision of powers, besides the instal-
lation of a 55 metre radio tower to carry three large
antennas dishes.
Already, in front of the repeater building on the 200
square metres top area of the Salambidwe peak some
four square slabs can be seen marking the base of the
tower.
According to the contractors, the station will be solar
powered, even though a buffer diesel tank has been
installed "in case of a ten days period of no sunshine"
said Mr. Hugh Kiggel of E B Nera.
"The project will greatly facilitate communication, not
in the three countries, but also the entire Sadcc region
and other parts of the world", observed the Post Master
General as he conversed with the Norwegian consul, Mr.
Andreas Christiani.
/9738
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
Nortel Signs Digital PBX Joint Venture
Agreement With China
55200031 Toronto THE GLOBE AND MAIL in
English 15 Apr 88 p B18
[Article by James Rusk]
CANADA 2
[Text] Northern Telecom Ltd. has signed a joint-venture
agreement that will make it the first supplier of digital
private branch exchanges in China.
"We don't think we were the first ones in the revolving
door, but we're the first out," David Vice, company
president, said in an interview. Negotiating a deal in
China is sometimes a process that takes years, but the
Mississauga-based company wrapped up its joint-ven-
ture agreement in 14 months.
Northern Telecom will own 55 percent of the $13-
million (U.S.) joint venture, which will be located in
Shenzen, a special economic zone adjacent to Hong
Kong.
The lead partner on the Chinese side is Tong Guang
Electronic Corp. The other two partners are Shekou
District Economic Development Co. and Factory 834 of
Jiangxi province.
The signing gives Northern Telecom a leg up in the
Chinese market. It is the first of a number of joint
ventures that China plans between Western suppliers
and 10 key companies, one of them Tong Guang, in the
domestic telecommunications industry.
While the planned venture is fairly modest for a manu-
facturing giant the size of Northern Telecom, Mr. Vice
suggested that the company is thinking bigger.
"This is the initial capital for today's view of what we're
going to do here?I wouldn't want to put a limit on the
investment because I wouldn't want to put a limit on the
amount of business we're going to do here."
China, which has made telecommunications one of its
investment priorities, is one of the most rapidly growing
markets in the world. At present, there are but six
telephone lines for every 1,000 inhabitants and the
country wants to increase that to 30 lines by the end of
the century.
The joint-venture factory will be set up in rented quar-
ters, but a new building is expected to be built in the
second year of operation. Initial production is expected
in six months.
The Chinese market for private branch exchanges is
growing much more rapidly than the market for public
exchanges, mainly because large Chinese units often find
it easier to get the financing to renovate their internal
telephone systems than do Chinese telephone compa-
nies.
The factory will have annual capacity to produce PBXs
with a total of 100,000 lines, but that could easily be
expanded to 200,000 to 300,000 lines, Mr. Vice said. At
present, the Chinese market is about one million lines a
year.
Northern Telecom has been a leading supplier of PBXs
to China. Mr. Vice said that, among others, the Foreign
Ministry and the Ministry of Electronics Industry, sev-
eral large hotels and the now-building Beijing World
Trade Centre have purchased the company's Meridian
SL-1 for their internal telephone systems.
Sales will be given a further boost as the system is made
in China and domestic customers will be able to pay for
it with a mixture of hard foreign exchange and soft local
currency, Mr. Vice said. As the proportion of Chinese
value added rises over time, Chinese customers will have
to use even less foreign exchange.
/9738
B. C. Tel Starts Laying Fiber Optic Line
55200032 Vancouver THE SUN in English
23 Mar 88 p El
[Text] B.C. Tel has just begun work on what it says is its
largest capital project ever: A $104-million lightguide
cable system running from the Alberta border to down-
town Vancouver.
The cable incorporates the latest advances in fibre optics
development and laser technology, said project director
Brian Canfield, a company executive vice-president.
"We will be able to provide virtually noise-free transmis-
sion and greater capacity for audio, video and data
communications."
The cable contains 12 glass fibres with one pair of
hair-thin strands able to transmit the information con-
tained in 32 volumes of the encyclopedia Britannica in
less than a second.
A total of 76 kilometres of cable will be laid in some of
B.C.'s most rugged terrain in the two-year project, which
completes Telecom Canada's coast-to-coast lightguide
transmission system.
B.C. Tel spokesman Maureen Kirkbride said Tuesday
the cable will augment B.C. Tel's two high capacity
microwave systems to become the company's third Can-
ada-wide communications link.
Customers of the microwave systems include Teleglobe,
the Royal Bank of Canada, the Bank of Montreal,
Woodward's and Pemberton Securities, she said.
The cable will be able to carry 10 times as much data as
the two microwave systems combined and will eventu-
ally be able to carry 100 times as much, she said.
[ Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
Cost of using the system when it comes on-line in 1990
should be comparable to existing technology and will be
reduced over time, she said.
Kirkbride said that construction, involving 250 workers,
began a few weeks ago near Jasper, Alta. From there, the
cable goes to Valemount, Clearwater, Kamloops, Mer-
ritt, Hope and Vancouver.
Most of the cable will be buried adjacent to existing
utility corridors such as hydro, pipeline or highway
routes.
/9738
Business Reported Booming at Two Cellular
Networks
55200033 Windsor THE SATURDAY WINDSOR
STAR in English 12 Mar 88 p F9
[Text] Toronto?Just three years after getting the green
light from federal regulators, business is booming at
Canada's two cellular telephone networks?CellNet
Canada and Cantel Inc.
Their subscriber base is growing at twice the forecast
rate, current operations have moved into the black,
profitable services are catching fire, and, to judge by a
service cancellation rate of less than one percent, cus-
tomers are happy.
CellNet, which is a national affiliation of telephone
company cellular units, had its upbeat annual meeting in
Toronto this week.
Cantel, a national network 65-percent owned by
Toronto-based Rogers Communications Inc., is its main
rival.
But the price is so princely and the rewards so immediate
that neither has had to draw marketing blood.
3
CANADA
Less than three years after the Canadian Radio-Televi-
sion and Telecommunications Commission approved
cellular telephone service the industry's value?in terms
of hardware and connect services?has leapt to more
than $400 million.
The two companies have a total of some 120,000 sub-
scribers and will likely reach close to 200,000 by the end
of 1988, officials say.
By 1990, the two competitors expect to have 400,000
subscribers?a number worth more than $1.5-billion in
phones and services.
The long-term potential is between 1.5 million and two
million phones, said Kathy McLaughlin, assistant vice-
president of marketing at Cantel.
By the end of this year, much of the industry's $500-
million capital investment will have been covered and
profits should begin in 1989, she added.
With those numbers and the even distribution?Cantel
claims 65,000 subscribers, CellNet 600,000?competi-
tion is bound to be less like a business brawl and more
like a marketing soft shoe.
Spending on promotional campaigns is up by about 25
percent for both this year, but the themes are still generic
in nature?aimed at preaching to the unconverted.
For example, Cantel was able to move a batch of phones
last year by setting up a system for a Toronto real estate
company that enabled the company's salesmen to plug
into the computerized real estate listings service from
their cars.
The companies are neck-and-neck in developing the
mobile office?a carry-around black box outfitted to
provide phone, computer, facsimile, dictation, telephone
answering, paging, electronic mail and a host of value-
added connect services in a car, on a boat or in a
backyard.
/9738
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
FRG To Use Chinese Satellite for Research
0W1005211288 Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service
in Chinese 0600 GMT 7 May 88
CHINA 4
[Text] Bonn, 6 May (XINHUA)?In July this year, West
Germany will use China's retrievable satellite to conduct
two research projects under the weightless condition in
space, the West German Ministry for Research and
Technology announced today.
China will launch a satellite via a "Long March-2"
rocket. The experiment module on the satellite will carry
two sets of West German equipment, one for monitoring
and recording the external conditions during the flight,
and the other for conducting experiments in the growth
of protein crystals.
West German Minister for Research and Technology
Riesenhuber stressed that cooperation in science and
technology has thus far been very successful between
West Germany and China, especially the cooperation
given by West German enterprises in building China's
DFH-3 radio and television satellite and the cooperation
between the West German Aviation and Space Research
and Experiment Bureau and the China Astronautic
Technology Research Institute. A joint symposium on
micro-gravity, he said, is scheduled to be held in Bonn
next December, the 10th anniversary of cooperation in
science and technology between the two sides.
Accelerated Satellite Launchings To Aid Economy
OWI305032188 Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service in
Chinese 1211 GMT 12 May 88
[By correspondent Ren Weidong and reporter Zhou
Zhongmin]
[Text] Beijing, 12 May (XINHUA)?China intends to
launch several urgently needed and operational satellites
in the near future for economic development purposes, a
leading official of the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astro-
nautics told XINHUA reporters at the fourth member-
ship meeting of the Society of Aeronautics held today.
Based on the pressing need for the development of the
national economy and construction, satellites for mete-
orological use, telecommunications, resources surveying,
and marine undertakings will be listed as major tasks for
China's satellite research and launch endeavors. It is
reported that in the next few years, China will launch a
weather satellite first, followed by a number of commu-
nications satellites. A more updated communications
satellite with a large capacity will also be developed.
Since 1970, China has sent up a total of 21 satellites.
Right now, China can produce and launch 8 to 10
satellites (with an average of 1 to 2 satellites actually
launched each year). It has accumulated Many valuable
experiences.
It is reported that China has also attained gratifying
results in making use of satellites to carry out scientific
research. In August and September 1987, China
launched two retrievable satellites with remote sensing
ability to carry out experiments in material processing.
With the torch-shaped gallium arsenide monocrystal
obtained from the experiments, it has greatly improved
the purity of monocrystals. In the field of biology, crop
seeds, vegetables, flowers, medicinal plants and trees
which went through testing in space showed different
effects and results in germination percentage, growth
rate, and genetic changes after they were planted on
earth. Radish seeds which went through tests in space
also showed strong resistance against insect pests after
were planted on earth.
The official of the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astro-
nautics pointed out: From now on, China will not only
accelerate the research and launching of urgently needed
and operational satellites for economic development
purposes, but also actively expand cooperation with
foreign countries and compete with other countries on
the international market. While developing the
"Long March-3" carrier rocket, it will step up the devel-
opment of more advanced carrier rockets in order to
further enhance its launching capability. In addition,
research and preparations are being made to set up a
space station and send Chinese astronauts into space.
Hainan Speeds Up Telecommunications
Development
HK1105015588 Beijing ZHONGGUO XINWEN SHE
in Chinese 0857 GMT 8 May 88
[Text] Haikou, 8 May (ZHONGGUO XINWEN SHE)?
Hainan will have 12,000 new automatic telephones this
year. Long-distance communication lines are also head-
ing for perfection. As a result, the difficulties in making
telephone calls in Hainan will be minimized.
Ji Taizhi, deputy director of Hainan Post and Telecom-
munications Bureau, said that since the preparations
made to establish Hainan Province, businessmen and
tourists at home and abroad have come to Hainan one
after another, leading to a strain in telecommunications.
To meet the pressing need, Haikou imported a 2,000-
programmed telephone project from Canada which is
expected to be connected in June this year; the 5,000-
programmed telephone project imported from Japan last
year which is now under construction is expected to be
connected by the end of 1988; and the 3,000-pro-
grammed telephone project imported by Sanya from
Hong Kong can be put into operation in June this year.
Consequently, Haikou, and Sanya will have 10,000 new
automatic telephones this year, greatly easing the strain
in telecommunications.
Ji added that construction of Hainan's long-distance
communication linesis_proceeding rapidly._The-Haikou-
`&angzhou 1,800-microwave communication line
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
1
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
project and the Haikou-Sanya 960-microwave commu-
nication line project have been completed and put into
ciperationT-Now-HaikouTISanya,-and-Tongshen-pri?dial
di rect...to.G u an-gzhou;-B ei j ing7and-Hong--Kong...1
lion, the 300,-coaxial underground cable running through
------ -
the center of Hainan has also been connected. The cable
which links with the mainland cable from northern
cSanya and through Haikou is 320 km in length. (The
con nection-has- made-it-convenientlor-the-Li-and-M iao
nationalities in the Wuzhishan hinterland to maintain
contacts with the outside.
5
CHINA
has been reported that Hainan will invest 200 million
yuan in post and telecommunications construction in the
next 3 years. A, part from the 25,0001?Ad 10,000-pro-
-I _ -
grathmet "telephone projects respectively in Haikou and
- anya, an optical fiber cable project will be built in the
5"-east to connect Qiongshan, Wenchang, Qionghai, Wan-
'ling, and other Overseas Chinese hometowns.
--
Ji Taizhi said that Hainan is seeking cooperation with
foreign businessmen in developing post and telecommu-
nications. So far the United States, FRG, France, Japan,
Sweden, and Canada have sent delegations to Hainan to
conduct a survey of post and telecommunications under-
takings. Hainan plans to invite tenders from abroad to
build the east optical fiber cable project and the 35,000-
programmed telephone project in Haikou and Sanya.
Of the 19 cities and counties in Hainan, 13 have auto-
matic telephones. The three counties including Dong-
fang, Tunchang, and Baisha will have automatic tele-
phones installed this year. The whole island will be
connected with automatic telephones in the next year or
the year after.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
HONG KONG
EAST ASIA 6
Changes in Telecommunications Law Reviewed
55400045 Hong Kong SOUTH CHINA MORNING
POST in English 5 Apr 88 pp I, 2
[Article by Lulu Yu]
[Text] Most Hongkong people will have the chance to
view satellite programs of their choice when a new law
on telecommunications is passed later this year.
The Government is considering changes to the outdated
Telecommunications Ordinance which will enable ten-
ants of multi-storey blocks to share private satellite
dishes, without infringing the franchise of the Cable and
Wireless Company.
At present, anyone can set up a satellite dish in a
backyard or on a rooftop for private use, but it is illegal
for tenants of a multi-storey building to share a dish.
While a few residents already own dishes to pick up
overseas programs, the Government banned hotels from
setting up services last year because they were considered
a commercial activity.
It is against the law to collect satellite signals for com-
mercial distribution.
Cable and Wireless is the sole provider of external
telecommunications facilities, including satellite ser-
vices, telex, telephone and telegrams until 2006.
But the existing law also empowers the governor-in-
Council to vary or amend the terms of Cable and
Wireless' licence to give others rights to receive and
distribute telecommunications services to particular
users.
The Government has been reluctant to use that power,
particularly in the case of hotels, because of the complex-
ities involved in overseeing a commercial operation
where hotel customers could be charged for the satellite
services.
Such a departure from existing legal provisions is also
considered too drastic and too controversial.
Instead, the Government now suggests that companies
wishing to provide hotels with satellite services be
granted temporary licences to beam programs into hotel
rooms via Cable and Wireless' microwave links.
It will also ask the Executive Council to consider allow-
ing residents to have their own communal satellite dishes
for the reception of signals, subject to the approval of the
Postmaster-General.
Those who own communal dishes will still be barred
from selling their satellite services for a profit.
A policy paper outlining the proposals will be submitted
to the Executive Council for approval by June and
legislative changes are expected before the end of the
year.
The Government's review of its telecommunications
policy began more than three years ago but was set aside
in favour of more urgent deliberations on cable televi-
sion.
At least one company, the United States-based Cable
News Network, has applied to have its 24-hour news
service broadcast in hotels before cable television comes
on stream. The application by Mr. Ted Turner's network
has implications for both Hongkong's broadcasting pol-
icy and for cable television.
A Secretariat official told the SOUTH CHINA MORN-
ING POST that any licence granted would only be
temporary until the satellite services could be relayed on
cable TV.
The question of satellite reception by private households
also has wide implications for the Cable and Wireless
franchise.
The Post Office, the Administrative Services and Infor-
mation Branch and the Economic Services Branch have
come up with a recommendation to allow satellite signals
to be received in single apartment blocks, with the
building management or selected individuals charged
with cost-sharing and maintenance.
At present, private users in the territory can pick up the
strongest satellite signals from countries such as Austra-
lia, Japan, Indonesia and the Soviet Union.
Because of the limited programs obtainable in Hongkong
and the high cost of satellite dishes, ranging between
$30,000 and $60,000 each, it was considered impractical
to relax the law to allow individual households to erect
their own dishes on rooftops.
But even a partial relaxation of the law as currently
proposed could mean a potential loss of revenue for
Cable and Wireless, the company which now has exclu-
sive rights to all satellite transmissions.
Cable and Wireless, which owns the Intelsat earth station
at Stanley, passes on pictures to the territory's two TV
stations, TBV and ATV, by microwave.
The British company, which is one of two major bidders
for a franchise to operate cable television, now owns five
satellite dishes and has investments in related services
running into hundreds of millions of dollars.
/9738
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
JAPAN
Telecommunications Minister To Visit UK,
France
55600027 Tokyo KYODO in English
1259 GMT 21 Apr 88
[Text] Tokyo, 21 April KYODO?Posts and Telecom-
munications Minister Masaaki Nakayama will visit Brit-
ain and France between 28 April and 7 May, it was
announced Thursday.
7
EAST ASIA
The primary purpose of the visit is to attend the fifth
annual meeting on telecommunications between Japan
and Britain, the Posts and Telecommunications Minis-
try said.
Nakayama will confer with British Secretary of Trade
and Industry David Young during the 5-6 May meeting,
ministry officials said.
He is also scheduled to meet with French officials prior
to the London talks.
/12913
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
JAMAICA
LATIN AMERICA 8
$62 Million Investment in Telecommunications
Planned
55400044 Kingston THE DAILY GLEANER in English
11Apr 88 p 1
[Article: "$3,300-m Investment Over Next 5 Years, says
Charles"]
[Text] During year there will be US$62 million (J$341-
m) investment in the telecommunications industry,
according to the Minister of Public Utilities and Trans-
port, Mr. Pearnel Charles.
Speaking at the annual long service awards ceremony of
the Jamaica International Telecommunications Limited
(JAMINTEL) on Saturday night at the Terra Nova
Hotel, Mr. Charles said that the year 1988 to 1989 was
poised to see "the greatest development of telecommu-
nications in Jamaica".
He said that at present the Government was in discus-
sions with the Japanese Government for a massive loan
to support, extend and develop the telephone system in
Jamaica.
Presently, 4,000 telephone lines are being provided but
through this investment they expect to provide between
8,000 to 10,000 telephone lines.
Further development would also entail the replacement
of old equipment, re-building of old plants and the
increase of the company's ability to provide better ser-
vices.
In all, over the next five years there will be a total of
US$600 million (J$3,300-m) worth of investment in the
industry: US$62 million (J$341-m) in 1988; US$22
million (J$121-m) in 1989; US$321 million (J$1,765.5-
m) by 1990; US$163 million (J$896.5-m) by 1991 and
US$86 million (J$473-m) by 1992.
Referring to the merger of JAMINTEL, Jamaica Tele-
phone Company and Cable and Wireless, Mr. Charles
said that there would be "no lay-off' of workers as a
result of this. This merger has brought together all the
assets of these companies.
"I have had no instructions to reduce wages at JAMIN-
TEL," the Minister said. Workers at JAMINTEL receive
higher wages than those at the JTC.
"I am confident that the new partnership with Cable and
Wireless will add to this new expanded development of
the industry," he said, adding that the partnership with
the American company, AT&T "can only spell massive
development for Jamaica".
"This year will also be the year of development in
transportation. Another three hundred buses are
expected to arrive in the island in the next three
months," Mr. Charles said.
Four employees of JAMINTEL received long service
awards: Harry Hawkins, a senior vice-president in the
organization, for 40 years service; Colville Rickards and
Dillon Webster for 30 years of service each, and Steinson
Findlay, for 20 years of service.
/12223
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
BANGLADESH
NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA 9
Indigenous Phone Sets, Exchanges in Production
55500106 Dhaka THE NEW NATION in English
15 Mar 88 pp 1,8
[Article: "TSS Produces Magneto Exchange"]
[Text] Telephone Shilpa Sangstha at Tongi, the only
manufacturer of telecommunication equipment in the
country has developed and produced a magneto
exchange and magneto telephone set. Technological
Development Division of the Sangstha as a measure of
import substitute has designed and developed this
exchange and telephone set by introducing electronic
circuit in place of hard generators.
In the meantime, Bangladesh Telegraph & Telephone
Board after a trial demonstration has approved the
production of this newly developed magneto exchange.
This exchange has a capacity of 100 lines and is capable
of working together with CB and auto-exchange. The
capacity of 100 lines can be increased or decreased as per
demand. Magneto exchange is generally installed at a
place where there is no electricity or the places having
frequent power failure. As such, the remote areas of the
country can be provided with telephone connections
with the aid of this magneto exchange. The cost of this
new exchange will be about one-third of the imported
exchange.
Telephone Shilpa Sangstha has also taken up a project of
production of Electronic Pushbutton telephone set and it
is expected that the organisation will start manufacturing
these new sets from the beginning of the next year.
Besides, TSS has prepared a project of manufacturing
digital electronic exchange equipment amounting to TK
25 crore and submitted it to the Government for
approval through Telegraph & Telephone Board.
/12223
INDIA
Building of Satellite Center Discussed With
USSR
46001384 Madras THE HINDU in English
28 Mar 88 p 1
[Text] Hyderabad, March 27?Talks are on between
India and the Soviet Union to build a satellite launch
centre in the country. The site for the centre to be built
with Soviet help is yet to be selected by India.
Dr. V.P. Opliatov, member, USSR Space committee,
said here today that the talks being held by Indian and
Soviet scientists followed the signing of an agreement on
cooperation in space by the Prime Minister, Mr. Rajiv
Gandhi, and the Soviet leader, Mr. Mikhail Gorbachev.
Dr. Opliatov, who visited the balloon research facility of
the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research near here,
said the scientists engaged in balloon research could
associate themselves with the Soviet project for launch-
ing a probe to Mars in July.
Dr. Valery S. Roudnitsky, member of the USSR State
Committee on Science and Technology, and Dr. Oplia-
tov were in Hyderabad for an exhibition of photographs
on the Soviet space programme at the B.M. Birla Plan-
etarium here.
Dr. Opliatov presented to Dr. Sidharth, Director of the
Planetarium, a picture of the city of Delhi, taken from
space with a camera having resolution of five meters.
Congratulating Indian scientists and engineers on the
successful launching of the Indian Remote Sensing-1A
satellite, the "first completely Indian-built satellite," Dr.
Opliatov said the Soviet Union was involved in every
aspect of the IRS-1A. The satellite was to have been
launched in 1986, but there was a delay of two years.
"Launching a satellite is easy, but after the satellite is put
in orbit, there is need for constant monitoring. We
worked very hard for seven years to prepare for this
launch. There were many specific engineering problems,
for example, such as the one to match the spacecraft
(with the launch vehicle). We had to develop two math-
ematical models on computer. The problems we had
piled up to one metre high," he said.
The cameras with resolutions of 72 metres and 36 metres
on board the IRS-1A were better than those on the
American Landsat satellites.
Asked why cameras with greater resolution were not
preferred for the satellite, Dr. Opliatov said, "The ques-
tion should be posed to the Indian scientists."
PTI reports:
The proposed space centre, Dr. Opliatov said, would be
able to launch geosynchronous satellites weighing
around four tonnes, as against the two tonne satellites,
which the Soviet launching stations were now able to put
in space.
The higher capacity, he said, was because of the lower
latitude on which the Indian centre would be located as
the equatorial spin would act to its advantage.
The space centre would have Protontype launchers. The
project was still at the discussion stage and it was
difficult to say when after a decision was taken, it could
become functional. It all depended, he said, on the speed
with which the ground facilities were built.
The Soviet space scientist said discussions were also in
progress on the launching of another Indian satellite and
use of Indian microwave equipment in the Soviet Union.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09 : CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
Earlier, speaking at the Planetarium on the Soviet
"Phobos" project to study Mars, he said 12 countries
and two international organizations were connected with
the project.
/06662
Remote Sensing Satellite Transmitting Regularly
BK0505042288 Delhi Doordarshan Television Network
in English 1600 GMT 4 May 88
[Text] The country's first remote sensing satellite, IRS-
1A, is regularly sending picture signals. Its self-scanning
sensor cameras take images of earth resources. These
images are received in the form of picture signals at
Shadnagar earth station near Hyderabad.
The signals are recorded on high density digital tapes. A
quick look to the [words indistinct] system enables a
scientist to study the pattern of coverage. The tapes are
converted into smaller categories of the required area.
They are then developed into photographs which are
distributed among the user agencies. These photographs
are of immense help in surveying natural resources in the
fields of agriculture, geology, hydrology, and meteorol-
ogy. The satellite, which was launched on the 17th of
March, takes about 14 rounds of the earth in 24 hours.
10
NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA
ADB Loan for Telecommunications
BK2704100188 Delhi Domestic Service In English
0830 GMT 27 Apr 88]
[Text] The Asian Development Bank has approved a
$135 million loan to India to improve telecommunica-
tions facilities in the country. The loan to be paid back
within 24 years is to meet the entire foreign exchange
component of the $247 million telecommunications
project. Under the project digital facilities will be pro-
vided to a number of telephone exchanges to modernize
them. Earth satellite stations will also be set up at some
places.
IRAN
TV Transmitter in Lorestan
LD280256 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian
1030 GMT 27 Apr 88
[Text] With the inauguration of the sixth satellite station
in Lorestan Province, the inhabitants of eight villages in
the Pol-e Dokhtar district will fall under the coverage of
the first network of the Vision of the Islamic Republic of
Iran. According to a report by the Central News Unit, the
design, installation, and operation of this transmitter,
which has 10 watts of power and 100 watts transmission
capacity, was carried out by Television and FM trans-
mitter units repair personnel of the Voice and Vision of
the Islamic Republic's Khorramabad center installation.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988 WEST EUROPE
BELGIUM
Belgium's ACEC in ESPRIT Fiber Optics Project
5500a032 Brussels NOUVELLES DE LA SCIENCE
ET DES TECHNOLOGIES in French
Oct 87 pp 175-178
[Article by Joseph Collard, engineer at the Telecommu-
nications department, Telecommunications and Com-
puter Communications division, of ACEC, Charleroi:
"Presentation of a Fiber-Optic Wideband Local Area
Network"; references as provided by source]
[Text]
1. Introduction
1.1. The Need for Interconnecting Local Area Networks
The local area network (LAN) seems to be the medium of
the future for interconnecting data processing systems in
offices and workshops.
In step with the development toward workstations with
ever higher processing capacities, communication needs
are growing from several kilobits per second for termi-
nals to several megabits per second for file transfers
between host and workstation.
Market trends and the work of standardization organi-
zations show that several types of LAN's will coexist in
large companies.
It is likely that each network will be part of a product line
sold by a single manufacturer and that different net-
works will have to exchange information.
In addition to the problem of interconnecting different
LAN's, another problem arises when these networks are
spread across a large area, such as a campus or an
industrial park, or even an administrative village. Few
efficient means of communication exist that can cover
such an area.
1.2. ESPRIT Project 73: BWN
The BWN [Backbone Wideband Network] project
attempts to solve both problems?interconnecting dif-
ferent networks and covering a large area.
It involves the development of a complete communica-
tion system based on a central network (backbone)
attached to large-capacity gateways giving access to the
various types of local networks, wideband consumer
services (PTT network), and satellite links (Figure 1).
A prototype is being built which will be installed on the
Sart Tilman campus at the University of Liege.
11
Figure 1. Global Network Topology
The project is subsidized by the Commission of the
European Communities as part of the ESPRIT program,
code-named Project 73.
The partners in the project are ACEC [Electrical Con-
struction Works of Charleroi] (Belgium), main contrac-
tor in charge of the Backbone network itself; the Univer-
sity of Liege (Belgium), in charge of basic research,
specifications, and performance rating; BTM [Bell Tele-
phone Manufacturing] (Belgium), constructors of the
gateway to public carriers; SG2 (France), builders of the
satellite link; and Stollmann (FRG), constructors of the
gateways toward the different types of local networks.
PNY.DATA Indleat? PNY_DATA reque.1
/mobil
Peraftl Date Palh
Oriel Oats PIA
Optical Fibs.
Figure 2. Network Architecture \
IDeclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
2. The Physical Layer
2.1. General Description
This description covers only the main characteristics of
the physical layer.
Designers drew on data transmission techniques used by
public telecommunications services because of the dis-
tance to be covered and the throughput required.
Therefore, optical fibers were chosen as the transmission
medium and the 1300-nm window was selected because
its components were readily available at a competitive
cost.
However, these choices do not rule out a subsequent
switch to monomode fibers and a 1500-nm wavelength
when the optical components in this line become com-
petitive for short distances and can be used in numerous
flexible connections.
The fiber's binary transmission rate was set at 167
Mb/sec, the usual rate for point-to-point fiber-optic
lines.
With these parameters, existing optical interface circuits
can be used.
In fiber-optic transmission systems, information must
almost always be coded in order to eliminate low-
frequency energy from the baseband signal.
Information is naturally divided into packets, as in a
data processing network. So the optimal transmission
system should make use of this structure and provide
functions such as packet delimitation and transmission
control. Therefore, a code set meeting these needs was
chosen, including an 8b/10b block code followed by an
NRZ/NRZI serial bit code.
In addition to the 256 words used for data, a series of flag
words is available providing information on the condi-
tion of the carrier packet delimiters, and transmission
control markers. This coding format is quite similar to
the one proposed by the ANSI standard for the FDDI
(6).
The BWN does not use a central clock to control data
transmission along the ring. Instead, the nodes are "ple-
siochronous," meaning that each one uses its own local
clock to control transmission.
Binary signaling can be recreated by means of a clock
reader circuit so that the received signal is correctly
sampled.
A special circuit, called the "elasticity buffer," readjusts
the incoming data to the local clock.
12
WEST EUROPE
2.2. Physical Layer Architecture
The architecture of the physical layer is shown in figure
3.
Inanwl Catiwy
"?A?%
Mar
Flow a packets bet?son user ? an! b
Figure 3. Functional Diagram of the Physical Layer
The incoming signal is detected by an avalanche photo-
diode (APD) and the optical transmitter is a LED
[light-emitting diode] or laser diode.
The NRZI/NRZ decoder and the elasticity buffer are
located upstream from the optical detector and its
related electronic components.
This setup can be described as a FIFO (first-in, first-out)
register.
After data has been resynchronized with the local clock
and converted into 10-bit words, the words are decoded
into 8-bit data with a 9th bit indicating the tag codes
used on the 8 data bits.
The transmission route reverses the process.
In addition to these basic functions, several bypasses are
provided to ensure automatic verification and to handle
situations of crippled mode operation.
3. The MAC (Medium Access Control) Layer
3.1. General Description
A brief description of the specifications of the BWN's
MAC layer shows that it has a lot in common with the
ANSI standard proposal for the FFDI (7) and the IEEE
802.5 standard (8).
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
Simulations (4) have shown that desired performance
levels could not be achieved with the priority mecha-
nism. In any event, BWN's binary throughput capacity is
so much higher than that of connected networks that the
need for priority access is superfluous.
Interestingly enough, the FDDI proposal contains a
passband reservation mechanism, essentially for syn-
chronous services, but it did not retain the IEEE 802.5
priority mechanism either.
In the BWN setup, the synchronous and asynchronous
services carriers are kept apart except for those synchro-
nous services that require negligible portions of the
system's passband.
This was a deliberate architectural choice designed to
obtain the best possible means of communication for one
type of traffic.
Since the BWN network is the backbone communication
system, access cannot depend on the state of the con-
nected gateways.
This is why the network access controller is capable of
starting up on its own and connecting to the ring. The
individual node addresses are thus stored in the control-
ler.
A set of statistics has been defined, along with a state
machine to access them, so that the network can be
managed more easily and problems can be analyzed.
3.2. Interface Between the BWN Access Controller and
the Host System
A standard interface, separate from the architecture of
the host system, has been developed to access the BWN
controller.
This setup requires a communication controller within
the host system itself adapted to the BWN-AS interface.
It also implies that only this controller has to ensure the
adaptation to connect the BWN to a host system.
3.3. Architecture of the MAC Layer
Implementation of the MAC protocol described above
requires several interconnected machines (9).
The first machine is in hard-wired logic. Essentially, it
synthesizes the protocol's basic state diagrams. These
state machines are synchronized with the BWN network.
At the other end, a second semiprogrammed machine
manages the user interface so that access to the interface
by the host system is as independent as possible from the
internal state of the controller.
13
WEST EUROPE
A third, programmed machine rounds out the trio for
more complex or more intelligent operations requiring
less speed.
This machine also provides overall monitoring of the
controller.
Unlike many other network controllers, the BWN con-
troller has a very large internal storage capacity which
can be accessed via the network's throughput.
E. Vyncke and A. Danthine (5) showed that this large
capacity was needed to smooth out traffic peaks that
come from BWN and must be routed through the gate-
way.
This absorption of traffic fluctuations is linked to the
vast difference in the throughput capacity of BWN (140
Mb/sec peak) and that of the gateway (2 Mb/sec on
average in full duplex mode).
FIFO memories at the interface toward the host system
can temporarily hold as much as an entire frame so that
the host system can use the interface's passband to its
best advantage, regardless of the controller's traffic.
Conclusions
BWN is one of the local networks with the largest
passbands.
A specific architecture has been developed to achieve
these performance levels.
The prototype of the BWN should be online in the first
half of 1988. It will offer an original solution for inter-
connecting data processing systems of the future.
References
1. Danthine, A., "A Wideband Local Network Based on
and Offering Connectionless Services," Specialists Sem-
inar on ISDN Traffic Issues, Brussels, 5-7 May 1986.
2. Danthine, A., "A Backbone Wideband Network for
LAN Interconnection on a Broad Site," International
Conference on Information Network and Data Commu-
nication, Ronneby Brunn Sweden, 11-14 May 1986.
3. Danthine, A., "A Backbone Wideband Network for
LAN Interconnection," EFOC/LAN 86 Amsterdam,
25-27 June 1986.
4. Danthine, A., Vyncke, E., "Broad Site Local Wide-
band Network." In ESPRIT'84, Status Report on Ongo-
ing Work, J.Roukens and J.F. Renuart, eds. Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V., pp 337-353.
5. Vyncke, E., Danthine, A., "A Realistic Simulation of
a Wideband Backbone Network."
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
6. ANSI, American National Standard "FDDI Token
Ring?Physical Layer Standard," draft proposed,
X379/83 - X379.5/83-15 Rev. C, January 1984.
7. ANSI, American National Standard "FDDI Token
Ring?Medium Access Control," draft proposed,
X379/83 - X379.5/83-16 Rev. C, January 1984.
8. IEEE 802.5, "Token Ring Access Method and Physi-
cal Layer Specification," working draft.
9. Durvaux, M., "The Implementation of the MAC and
Physical Layers of the Backbone Wideband Network,"
presented at EFOC/LAN 86 Amsterdam, 25-27 June
1986.
25069
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
Cabinet Plans Restructuring of Bundespost
Services
DW130930 Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER
ALLGEMEINE in German 13 May 88 p 13, 14
[Article by "KB": "Postal Restructuring With Strong
Telephone Monopoly"]
[Excerpt] Bonn, 12 May?After difficult discussions, the
Federal Cabinet adopted a draft for the planned restruc-
turing of postal and telecommunications services and the
German Bundespost. A complete reorganization is not in
the works, said Post Minister Schwarz-Schilling, but
instead a significant structural improvement, so as to
develop communications services and their technology
dynamically to the advantage of customers and postal
employees. The growing telecommunications market
must be fully exploited as a key factor in the industrial
state. This is to be facilitated through more competition
and through the separation of postal responsibilities and
entrepreneur tasks in three connected public enter-
prises?postal services, postal banking, and telecommu-
nications.
The Federal Government, however, is sticking to its
intention to permit only limited competition. The Cab-
inet decision emphasized that the postal monopoly for
mail, the telephone network and telephone service will
continue unlimited. As to other postal services, private
firms will be admitted. Because the postal service has
reserved for itself the expansive and profitable telephone
service, Schwarz-Schilling considers the fears of the
trade union and the opposition unfounded that postal
finances could collapse because of reform, which will be
gradually implemented starting in 1989.
14
WEST EUROPE
TV-SAT 2 To Be Launched
LD1205032588 Hamburg DPA in German
1331 GMT 11 May 88
[Text] Hanover (DPA)?The direct broadcasting Ger-
man satellite TV-SAT 2 is to be completed by 30 April
1989 at Messerschmidt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh (MBB)
and delivered to the German Bundespost. Two months
later it is to be launched, according to the plans of those
responsible, with the new "Ariane 4" rocket from Kou-
rou in Guiana. A spokeswoman for MBB announced this
at the International Air and Space Travel Exhibition
(ILA'88) in Hanover today. After the breakdown of
TV-SAT 1, which did not function because of a fault in
one of the solar generators, the new construction is to
become a "show piece" according to the manufacturers,
Eurosatellite/MBB. TV-SAT 2 will cost DM189 million.
ITALY
ESA Plans for Land Mobile Satellite Systems
Outlined
5500m295 Milan ALTA FREQUENZA in English No
10, Dec 87 pp 449-452
[Article by Alex Steciw of the European Space Agency,
Paris: "European Plans for Landmobile Satellite Com-
munication System"]
[Excerpt] Considering the rapid expansion of cellular
systems in Europe and the prospect of the future pan-
European system which is planned for the 90's, the first
questions which come to one's mind are what is the
future of satellite-based systems in Europe and what role
can they play?
2. The Use of Satellites for Mobile Applications in
Europe
In many circumstances, one is tempted to compare
satellite communication techniques to classical systems,
on the basis of criteria which are only applicable to these
systems. This is particularly true in the land-mobile
communications field where cellular systems are
opposed to satellites. In that context, it is obvious that a
satellite system could not compete with the existing
European mobile systems, let alone with the future
pan-European system.
Satellite systems cannot compete in respect of system
capacity, cost, spectrum efficiency, etc. However a sat-
ellite system should be considered for what it can best
provide, i.e.:
?wide area coverage
?flexibility
Wide area coverage is certainly a major point in favor of
satellites, as it allows the extension of the system cover-
age to coastal waters and to regions which are economi-
cally important to Europe, e.g. the Middle-East and
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
North-Africa. It also offers the possibility to complement
radio cellular systems in low density areas. However, this
feature raises the problem of system and frequency
compatibility.
Flexibility is also a major advantage for the satellite
system; this can be translated in terms of fast implemen-
tation of new services, but also of ability to adapt to new
situations.
15
WEST EUROPE
A satellite-based system would also enable the provision
to potential users of private wide-area mobile communi-
cation networks with direct access to the satellite from
small earth stations on the user's premises. Such a
facility might also be offered in a cellular system but only
for local applications (e.g. in one or two cells). Market
studies that have been performed for the Agency have
shown there is a great interest in Europe in such private
networks. Table 1 gives the number of European truck-
ing companies that would use such facilities as a function
of their fleet size (number of trucks).
Table 1. Potential Demand for Private Wide Area Networks (European Trucking Companies)
Fleet size
50-74
75-99
100-249
250-499
500 and more
Potential demand
1050
700
522
50
20
The number of large European road freighters that would
use private wide-area networks is about 140, most of
them exploiting fleets of at least 800 trucks. It must be
noted that the above forecasts apply to the year 1987.
With only a few exceptions, the potential users as
defined above are primarily interested in intelligible
voice communications although the availability of low
speed data and facsimile services in complement to the
basic voice communication services is generally per-
ceived as a plus.
In order to meet the corresponding mobile communica-
tion traffic requirements, a number of voice channels
(4.8 kbit/s vocoder quality) of 3000 to 4000 would be
needed. It is worth noting that assuming the annual lease
charges per voice channel (60 to 85 kdollars) that have
been used in the framework of above mentioned market
studies, a minimum satellite capacity of 200 voice chan-
nels would be required in order to make the satellite
option profitable.
Wide area paging is another application for which satel-
lites are particularly well suited. The size of the corre-
sponding market in Europe is estimated at 4 to 5 million
subscribers.
Wide-area paging could also be used as an ancillary
service to support the search/localization function that
will have to be implemented in the future pan-European
cellular network and which is likely to be complex and
time-consuming.
3. ESA Activities in the Field of Land Mobile Satellite
Systems
In addition to basic market studies that have already
been presented, a number of activities have been initi-
ated by ESA in preparation of future land mobile com-
munication satellite missions. These activities encom-
pass experiments and demonstrations as part of the
PROSAT program, now in its second phase, mission and
system studies aiming at the definition of experimental
pilot systems (LAMEX, ARCHIMEDES) to be imple-
mented in the framework of the PSDE program (Pay-
loads and Spacecraft Development and Experimenta-
tion) in the early 199Qs.
The PROSAT program encompasses the three basic
fields of applications of mobile communications, namely
maritime, aeronautical and land mobiles. Amongst the
30 terminals that have been developed for the purpose of
Phase 2 demonstrations, 10 are land mobile terminal
that are currently being installed on trucks and other
types of vehicles. Due to the fact that the PROSAT
program relies on the use of an existing satellite
(MARECS) that is being exploited by the INMARSAT
organization, the scope of the program had to be
restricted to data communications only, the satellite
being already loaded with the maritime communication
traffic.
Based on the experimental data that were gathered
during Phase 1 of the PROSAT program, a number of
system concepts were defined and analyzed. One of
them, named PRODAT, has been implemented for the
purpose of Phase 2 demonstrations. PRODAT is a low
data rate system which is suitable for very simple land
mobile terminals using very low gain antennas (0 to 1
dB).
The PRODAT system that has already been tested and
commissioned provides the full range of low data rate
services that could interest potential mobile users,
namely:
?sending of messages from fixed to mobile users and
vice versa, and from mobile to mobile users
?sending of messages to multiple users (broadcast)
?request/reply functions
?periodic polling of mobiles, and
?paging.
The system has been designed to operate with satellites
of the present generation, 'such as MARECS, and to cope
with deep fades or even complete black-outs that may
occur in certain circumstances in a land mobile link, in
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988 16
particular at low elevation angle and when the link
visibility is affected by buildings, bridges, trees (with or
without leaves) and mountains.
Proposals for a new program of trials and demonstra-
tions in preparation of pilot satellite systems to be
implemented in the framework of the PSDE program are
currently being discussed with member States. This
program encompasses two categories of activities:
?trials and demonstrations aimed at exploring ways of
including telephony in a geostationary satellite system,
and involving the development and the demonstration
of two enhanced land mobile terminals with antenna
gain in the range of 10 tO -12 dB, one with automatic
azimuth pointing (for communications while driving)
and another with manual pointing (for communications
when standing still). Two types of satellite network will
be demonstrated, namely a public network providing toll
telephony quality, and a private network providing tele-
phony of lesser quality (e.g. 2.4 kbit/s vocoder quality).
These trials and demonstrations will rely on the use of
the MARECS satellite.
?tests of land mobile communication links at high
elevation angles (above 30 degrees) intended to assess
and quantify experimentally the advantages and merits
of non-geostationary satellite systems. Due to the fact
that future satellite land mobile services are likely to
suffer from a shortfall in frequency spectrum availabil-
ity, propagation tests will be performed at both L- and
S-band. As MARECS cannot be used because of obvious
frequency bandwidth and elevation angle limitations, it
is proposed to carry out these tests by helicopter. Other
means of providing high elevation angle links at L- and
S-bands are also being considered (e.g. balloons, existing
satellites with S-band payloads, GPS, etc.).
As regards system options to be adopted for future land
mobile communication satellites, a number of critical
issues still need to be clarified. Investigations are being
conducted by ESA in order to compare all potential
satellite options, including both geostationary and non-
geostationary satellite systems.
The pros and cons of geostationary satellite systems are
well known and several satellite bus designs
(OLYMPUS, SPACEBUS, EUROSTAR) are available
in Europe that could be used to carry a mobile commu-
nication payload providing up to 2000 voice channels
(4.8 kbit/s vocoder quality). The required in-orbit capac-
ity could be achieved with only two active satellites. The
geostationary satellite option would also provide fixed
coverage zones, and would ease the implementation of
private satellite networks, as small gateway stations with
no automatic pointing could be used. However, mobile
communication services in Europe, in particular tele-
phony, would suffer from low satellite elevation angles
(typically 10 to 40 degrees) which could lead to a
significant reduction of useful service areas within the
satellite coverage. Furthermore, achieving the above
WEST EUROPE
channel capacity requires mobile terminal antenna gains
in the range of 10 to 12 dB, which implies the use of a
mobile antenna with either an automatic or a manual
pointing system.
LAMEX (Land Mobile Experiment) is an experimental
payload to demonstrate the capabilities of satellites in
geostationary orbit to provide two-way communications
(telephony and data) between base stations on the earth
and land mobile terminals mounted on vehicles such as
trucks, trains and automobiles. Three payload options
are being studied. The coverage of one of the options
providing both aeronautical and land mobile communi-
cations is shown in Figure 1. In the minimum option,
dedicated to land mobile applications, the Atlantic spot
beam is eliminated. All LAMEX payload options under
study are expected to have a maximum mass and power
consumption of less than 100 kg and 550 WDC respec-
tively, (about 1/3 OLYMPUS). The minimum option
could easily provide a capacity of 200 voice channels
(4.8 kbit/s vocoder quality) for enhanced mobile termi-
nals (10 to 12 dB antenna gain) and additional channels
for low G/T mobile terminals. LAMEX is designed to
accommodate both private and public satellite networks.
The antenna diameter of 11/14 GHz "private" fixed
earth stations is in the order of 1.8 m. LAMEX is one of
the pilot system options to be implemented in the
framework of the PSDE program.
Other system options which deserve consideration and
which are being investigated by ESA rely on the use of
non-geostationary orbits, and more specifically on
geosynchronous highly inclined elliptical orbits.
Although there exists a large variety of such orbits, the
most interesting ones appear to be MOLNIYA (63.4
degrees inclination, 39 105 km apogee, 1250 km perigee,
about 12h period) and TUNDRA (63.4 degrees inclina-
tion, 46 340 apogee, 25 231 km perigee, about 24h
period). Figure 2 shows a MOLNIYA network compris-
ing three satellites properly phased and moving in three
different orbital plans spaced by 120 degrees. The three
satellites of the network are used sequentially for a time
period of 8h when they are near their apogee above
Europe. The basic advantage of such a satellite network
is the minimum satellite elevation angle which is above
55 degrees in all European countries and well above 60
degrees in most of them (Figure 3). With TUNDRA
orbits full-time coverage can be provided with only two
satellites, however, the minimum satellite elevation
angle goes down to about 35 degrees. With three satel-
lites the same performance as in the MOLNIYA case can
be achieved.
The improvements in overall system performance and
service quality that higher satellite elevation angles could
lead to are difficult to quantify as no experimental data
are available. Non-geostationary satellites would, in par-
ticular, enable the adoption of higher mobile antenna
gain (e.g. 7-8 dB) without any need for automatic or
manual pointing. Furthermore, multipath effects would
be eliminated and propagation fadings due to obstacles
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
c4,1\cD,
ISOOISIECT :VITT CONTOtAIS
-2 PIO
NI14101t
Figure 1. LAMEX, L-Band Coverage (Mobile Link)
considerably reduced. This should result in a significant
reduction of required link margins and/or an extension
of useful service areas within the satellite coverage.
ESA is conducting mission and feasibility studies in
order to assess the technical and economic viability of
non-geostationary satellite system options and to define
an experimental pilot system (ARCHIMEDES) in the
1990s. As attractive as they may look, MOLNIYA or
TUNDRA types of satellite network raise a number of
problems that need to be carefully investigated. The
optimal launching and in-orbit replacement strategies
are perhaps the most critical ones as they might have a
very strong influence on overall costs. The orbit stability
and orbit control requirements, the communication sys-
tem aspects (e.g. antenna pointing/zooming require-
ments, power control, frequency re-use, satellite change-
over procedures, implementation of private networks),
the overall satellite bus architecture, and the economic
comparison of both geostationary and non-geostationary
satellite options are also parts of above-mentioned stud-
ies that are likely to be completed by mid-1988.
8800
Figure 2. MOLNIYA Network
(as seen by a fixed observer)
17
WEST EUROPE
SO'
411FLAAllillr.-
,
.11i111110e
GSL
NO111
1 II
Iff
1 illialif
SO.
liglipl
-...1-Wilrilliellir
4 S
111Pfr
,a?
,s.
a
?
0
S. 0. S? 0? S JO. 4S? 40. VI. SO.
Figure 3. Coverage Boundaries With Guaranteed Mini-
mum Duration Angle (use of 3 MOLNIYA)
Evolution of European Cellular Communications
Reviewed
5500m294 Milan ALTA FREQUENZA in English, No
10, Dec 87 pp 445-448
[Article by Renzo Failli of SIP [Italian Telephone Com-
pany] and Pietro Porzio Giusto of CSELT [Center for
Telecommunications Research and Laboratories]: "Evo-
lution of Cellular Mobile Communications Systems in
Europe]
[Excerpts] Since the end of the 70's the demand for
mobile radio experienced a very rapid expansion (Figure
1), and the need for a mobile two-way telephony, offer-
ing, at low-cost, quality and facilities similar to those
available in the fixed network, arose. Therefore an
incredible amount of research was undertaken to design
new advanced systems, able to make land mobile com-
munications accessible to millions of subscribers on a
variety of mobile transports, and the World Administra-
tive Radio Conference (WARC) held in Geneva in 1979
alleviated the shortage of bandwidth by allocating in the
900 MHz band about 100 MHz bandwidth for mobile
radio applications. The Conference Europeenne des
Postes et Telecommunications (CEPT) chose the two
sub-bands 890-915 MHz and 935-960 MHz for the
implementation of a European public land mobile radio
system.
But the home market of any single European country is
too small to alone support an independent cellular devel-
opment with so advanced characteristics, so that the
CEPT instituted the GSM (Groupe Special Mobiles)
with the task of issuing harmonized specifications for a
pan-European mobile communications system; a num-
ber of consortia among telecommunications industries
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-1TP-88-007
25 May 1988
10
s
e"...
..? .0
I
...
.."
../'
/-**
.....
e
7.......-
II
WESTERN
EURoPE-4/
.,//'-
f
NORDIC
COUNTRIES
4
/
/
2
IE
8
I
EUROPE
EXCLUDING
NORDIC
COUNTRIES
WE
?
,
.--
?
...
'01
IT
WI
Figure 1. Development of Public Mobile Radio in
Europe
were set up and a Co-operation on Science and Technol-
ogy project, namely COST 207 ("Digital Land Mobile
Radio Communications"), was appointed.
The work of these Committees is going on with the goal
of defining the specifications of the pan-European sys-
tem by the end of 1987, in order that the system can be
brought into service in 1991.
The next chapter presents an overview of the most
important public land mobile radio systems currently in
operation in Europe, with some comment on their devel-
opment and their forecast saturation; then the character-
istics of the pan-European system will be sketched;
finally some perspective on what is coming next is
offered.
2. Current Systems
Figure 2 summarizes the history of the land mobile radio
systems in Europe, indicating country by country which
frequency bands have been used and which type of
systems have been developed.
In Europe the most advanced cellular systems in opera-
tion today are:
?NMT/450 (Nordic Mobile Telephone operating at 450
MHz), in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Spain
and Iceland;
?an NMT/450-like system in Holland, Belgium, Lux-
embourg;
?an NMT/450-like system in Austria;
?TACS (Total Access Communication System), in UK
and EIRE [Ireland];
?NET-C, in the Federal Republic of Germany;
18
WEST EUROPE
FRANCE
GERMANY
(FED.REP.OF.
ITALY
UNITED
KINGDOM
OEIMARit
C==
FINLAND
NORWAY
IC=
SWEDEN
AUSTRIA
NETHERLAND
SWITIERLUID
Del
1962 INTO
syi
Ka 1131131131
mSYSTEMS1 =
=
1180 1986 1989
NO mmg
Ise mmg tscamg get Som. AUT. SYSTEMS
460 MHz
000 WU
=1. :NM DER. AUT. SYSTEMS (CELLULAR)
Figure 2. Main European Public Mobile Radio Systems
With National Coverage
?Radiocom 2000, in France;
?RTMS (Radio Telefono Mobile di Seconda Genera-
zione), in Italy.
Most of the above mentioned systems operate in the 450
MHz band, except for TACS, which operates in the 900
MHz band and Radiocom 2000, which operates in the
450 MHz band for nationwide service and in the 200
MHz band for local service; but none of them are
mutually compatible, so that travelling people cannot
keep into contact when they cross the borders of their
countries (except for few cases like the Nordic countries).
The systems operating in the 450 MHz band with about
200 channel pairs are expected to be capable to accomo-
date 10,000 to 30,000 subscribers in each metropolitan
area, which should be sufficient in most cases up to the
deployment of the pan-European system. But in many
European countries the capacity of those systems will be
saturated before that event, so that, to cope with the
demand, they will (some already have) put into opera-
tion analog, interim solutions in the 900 MHz band. This
is the case of the NMT/900 system (an NMT/450-like
system, but operating in the 900 MHz band), which has
been put in operation in the Nordic Countries in 1986,
and which will be also put in operation in Switzerland in
September 1987 and in the Netherlands by the end of
1988 or the beginning of 1989. So the opportunity to
replace or up-date the land mobile radio systems will
occur at a different time in each country.
3. The Pan-European GSM System
As said above, by the end of 1987 the CEPT/GSM will
issue specifications for a harmonized pan-European sys-
tem, which is expected to be brought into operation in
1991. The specifications will be in agreement with the
following requirements:
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
a) The system will be implemented in the sub-bands
890-915 MHz and 935-960 MHz, ensuring compatibil-
ity, from the frequency sharing point of view, with
existing systems working in the same bands;
b) the mobile stations will be able to roam about all the
participating countries (preferably to all CEPT coun-
tries);
c) the offered services and facilities shall be at least the
same as those available in the public switched telephone
networks and the public data networks;
d) the system shall cover coastal and inland waters as an
extension of the land mobile service in order to allow
operation with ships sailing nearby the mainland;
e) no significant modification of the fixed telephone
network shall be required to operate the system;
f) an international standardized signalling system shall
be applied for the interconnection of the mobile switch-
ing centers.
In addition to the above mentioned requirements, a
number of additional features could be provided by the
pan-European system, such as:
?encryption, improving the privacy of communica-
tions, applicable to both speech and data,
?virtual closed user groups, enabling a group of users of
a public mobile system to communicate with each other,
while barring access to and/or from users outside the
group, and a number of other additional services fulfill-
ing the needs of any professional and business use.
The GSM system will extensively use digital technology,
with an advanced coding scheme for speech at a net bit
rate of 13 kbit/s, but designed in such a way that it will be
capable to operate with coded speech at a bit rate half
than that, thus doubling its capacity when that technique
will be available.
A narrowband TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
scheme will be adopted with 8 traffic channels per
carrier.
The bandwidth occupancy will be quite probably 25 kHz
per traffic channel (in the early version), but its spectrum
efficiency will be higher than that of the current analog
systems using about the same bandwidth per channel,
since co-channel interferences as high as - 12 dB to - 10
dB with respect to the wanted signal can be tolerated
and, as a consequence, a more intensive frequency reuse
can be adopted.
19
WEST EUROPE
4. Conclusions
The very rapid increase of the demand for land mobile
radio services requires the development of new systems
with capacity substantially higher than that of current
ones.
The new demand is for mobile systems offering quality
and facilities similar to those available in the fixed
networks, with additional features requiring advanced
technology; this is a significant opportunity for Europe,
which has a large potential market: the definition of a
harmonized system and the cooperation among Admin-
istrations and Industries could allow, a leading position
to be achieved.
However the need for the new system is expected to arise
at a different time in the European countries, while
many of them will have to put into operation interim
systems before the availability of the pan-European
solution; therefore the success of the European harmo-
nization will strongly depend on the date of its comple-
tion, and, in particular, on the penetration the interim
systems will have got before it can start service.
To avoid a late birth, a reasonable trade-off must be
achieved between time schedule and performance, and
the risk of anticipating technology must be carefully
considered.
In fact, the opportunity to apply more advanced tech-
niques can be left to the personal communications,
which will be able to provide mobile services to the
general population by low-cost, small-size, portable
units. This is what is coming next the land mobile radio
systems we have talked about.
8800
Telettra Applications of Microwave Technologies
Outlined
5500m293 Milan ALTA FREQUENZA in English, No
10, Dec 87 pp 429-436
[Article by Guido Vannucchi of Telettra S.p.A.: "Basic
Technologies for Microwave Digital Radio Relay Sys-
tems: A Management Overview"]
[Excerpts]
Overview of Selected Basic Technologies
A brief description of a number of different technologies,
as used by Telettra, follows hereafter along with the
relevant applications. This will illustrate and explain the
choices made by the company on the basis of the
previous general considerations.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
Mechanical Manufacturing Processes
This definition covers not only purely mechanical parts
(i.e. racks, shelves, etc.) but also the mechanics involved
in a set of microwave electrical components like filters,
oscillators, circulators etc.
Even if its share in the total equipment content is
decreasing, this area still remains very important for the
cost and technical performance of the equipment. There
is, therefore, a continuous need to invest in terms of:
? standardization,
? new materials,
? production automation.
Production automation is extensively supported by the
pursuit of standardization itself.
Results of such efforts are illustrated in Figure 6 [not
shown] showing the present generation of Telettra
microwave filters from 2 to 18 GHz, while an internal
view of a dielectric resonator filter is shown in Figure 7
[not shown]. Reduction in size, replacement of invar
with dielectric material or aluminum and CAD-CAM
procedures allow cost effective solutions and time saving
in implementation of new frequency versions. In partic-
ular standardization of filter dimensions makes the use
of die-casting economically viable.
The same considerations apply to waveguide circulators.
Telettra waveguide circulators from 6 to 18 GHz are
shown in Figure 8 [not shown] in support of the above
statement.
It is obvious, however, that the solutions illustrated in
the previous figure refer only to selected applications of
circulators (like branching) while, whenever possible,
lower cost microstrip "drop-in" solution on hybrid cir-
cuits are used. A review of "drop-in" Telettra circulators
and isolators is shown in Figure 9 [not shown].
The construction of the above components is supported
by heavy investment in flexible manufacturing system
(FMS) directly connected to the CAD company system.
Figure 10 [not shown] gives a view of Telettra's numer-
ical control machines.
Surface Mounting and Hybrid Technology
Thin, thick film and duroid technology some years ago,
along with more recent surface mounting on PCBs, have
led to the use of large scale manufacturing techniques
and to the automation of subassembly production for
microwave equipment.
From the technical point of view, the use of "surface"
mounted components (both active and passive) is par-
ticularly suitable for high-speed and high frequency
20
WEST EUROPE
circuits. Reduction of leads and wire length, together
with a decrease in package parasitics, strongly contribute
to the optimization of electrical performance as well as
of cost and reliability.
Thick films are extensively used by Telettra for interme-
diate frequency circuits, as shown by the example of
Figure 11 [not shown].
Surface mounting on PCB has been implemented mainly
for baseband circuits where quantities are relatively
large. As an example of these applications, the board of
a protection switch is shown in Figure 12 [not shown].
This group of technologies is indeed particularly suitable
for relatively high volume production. Nevertheless they
can be advantageously used also for small quantity
production since they contribute to a drastic reduction of
the expensive turning procedures so typical for the high
frequency circuits of the past.
Semicustom Monolithic Integrated Circuits
At Telettra, the use of a fast growing number of semi-
custom application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) in
radio equipment is planned, even if it may be difficult to
justify the development costs, given the limited number
of gates and the reduced quantity per year. Nevertheless,
HCMOS 1221= ECL
b)
Ilig 11111
YEAR
Figure 13. Growth of the use and complexity of semi-
custom ICs in Telettra Digital Radio equipment as mea-
sured by: a) number of new designs per year; b) number
of equivalent gates per IC
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
the technological advantages of semicustom ICs (minia-
turization, easy assembling, testability, etc.), with the
resulting competitive advantages at the system level, are
so significant that they too should be taken into account
when evaluating the economic justification of the devel-
opment.
The increasing use of semicustom integrated circuits in
Telettra radio equipment and their level of complexity is
shown in Figure 13. In particular they are used in the
base-band of digital receivers because:
a) the very high speed modern A/D converters enable a
fully digital implementation of all main baseband func-
tions;
bj the increase of countermeasures at baseband (cross-
polar canceller, constellation shaping etc., in addition to
the more common multi-tap baseband transversal equal-
izers) demands semicustom solutions.
NAKED CHIP CZ]
:5?
:2?
,
a
30,;10,117
;1111!i11111111!!Illillir.il
ging
94 es
I II
,!!!II
111 I
Ii
?
eb
I
21
WEST EUROPE
In order to support this trend, Telettra is improving the
in house capability of dedicated software with a distrib-
uted network of work-stations that will allow direct
access by each circuit designer to a central database for
ASIC simulation.
Active Microwave Components
The Telettra case history of GaAs FETs development is
of interest as an illustration of the approach adopted for
the introduction of new active microwave components.
A few years ago the increasing importance of GaAs FETs
for microwave transceiver challenged Telettra with a
difficult decision of "make or buy" policy.
FETs were affecting Telettra equipment considerably
due to:
?their high impact on the overall cost;
?the strong dependence of equipment performance on
component characteristics;
?very few suppliers with a satisfactory product offering.
PACKAGE
3
83
YEA;
Figure 14. Growth of the quantity of power discrete GaAs FETs for Telettra use
c
75-
7, Ar'
1985 1986 :987 tees 1989
Figure 17. Evolution of the quantity of Telettra GaAs-MMIC for internal use
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
Supported by a large internal consumption volume
(Figure 14), the decision was made to develop "in house"
capability, but the internal effort was limited to the
implementation of:
?high power, high efficiency MESFETs;
?analog GaAsICs.
Four years after that decision the results are well in line
with the target in terms of return on investment, number
of types, cost and production schedule of the devices. A
section of Telettra GaAs facility is shown in Figure 15
[not shown].
In 1987 more than half of Telettra GaAs FET needs are
covered with the internal production. In addition con-
siderable value is attached to the fall-out obtained in
terms of:
?cross-fertilization between system designers and tech-
nologists;
?better know-how for the design of new analog micro-
wave circuits;
?large use of unpackaged chips in circuits thanks to the
increased confidence in the technology;
?development of new more advanced devices with high
efficiency (Figure 16 [not shown]).
Also an increasing use of analog GaAs monolithic micro-
wave ICs (MMIC) is planned for Telettra equipment.
Quantities are large enough (Figure 17) to justify the "in
house" development of exploiting existing GaAs facility
and know-how.
Microwave Integrated Circuits
Amplifiers and osciallators have come a long way from
the old complex waveguide units to today's "super
components."
The cavity stabilized invar oscillators which for a decade
have been the work-horse of the company (with more
than 30,000 units produced) are replaced by dielectric
resonator oscillators with the resulting advantages in
cost and performance. Figure 19 [not shown] shows such
an oscillator operating at 6 GHz.
For amplifiers, the introduction of a modular approach
which allows high level of standardization and simplifies
production has been the most significant recent evolu-
tion in Telettra. The approach consists of designing a
complete amplifier with "bricks," RF modular circuits,
that can be produced with batch processes like compo-
nents. At Telettra such bricks are referred to as micro-
modules (Figure 20 [not shown]) and they have many
advantages:
?fully hermetic;
?matched impedance for easy assembling;
?fully screened for EMC protection;
?reduced parasitics with increase in bandwidth and
gain.
22
WEST EUROPE
For an overall amplifier (Figure 21
shown]) the advantages are:
?reduced dimension;
?easier repair and maintenance;
?reduced turning time;
?better production flow.
Conclusions
and Figure 22 [not
The world of electronics is experiencing a "dematerial-
ization" process, and microwave radio is no exception.
Design and engineering efforts, cost and technical per-
formance are focused on specialized and complex com-
ponents, on technological processes, on software.
Digital microwave radio link techniques are still in the
development stage. Design ability to improve system-
path performance can still be a winning factor as far as it
overcomes transmission difficulties with increased
capacity.
However, most probably, at the link-system level suffi-
cient maturity will soon be reached. Consequently, even
for high capacity digital radio, the focus of competition
will shift from system performance to equipment cost
factors, including operational cost related to equipment
dimensions, power consumption, reliability, etc.
All these parameters are controlled by the basic technol-
ogies. A company that wants to be among the leaders
must use the most advanced of them at all times.
Moreover, competition will penalize technological
errors, and short life-cycle does not permit tests on new
technologies during the equipment implementation
period. Consequently, it is indispensable to identify,
select, implement and test new technologies well in
advance with respect to their practical use.
Accordingly, since basic technologies for microwave
radio are evolving at a very fast pace, their importance is
rapidly growing, their control is essential for a com-
pany's success.
Therefore the "make or buy" policy for the production
as well as for the development of an envisaged new
process is a challenging task of strategic importance that
the management of a company must consider with the
greatest attention.
8800
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TT'P-88-007
25 May 1988
Selenia Spazio Researcher on New Satellite
Communications
5500m292 Milan ALTA FREQUENZA in English No
10, Dec 87 pp 415-420
[Article by Claudio Mastracci of Selenia Spazio S.p.A.:
"Satellite Communication Technology on Board and on
Ground Systems: An Overview of Point to Point Sys-
tems Perspective"]
[Excerpts]
I. Introduction
The entire telecommunications world is rapidly evolving
under the continuous pressure of both increasing social
demand and technological progress: new "value added"
services are offered to potential customers at progres-
sively decreasing prices.
In Italy, like in most industrialized countries, an evolu-
tion of the terrestrial network toward the new Integrated
Service Digital Network (ISDN) concept is currently in
progress and new wideband and data services will be
made available to users as soon as they can be incorpo-
rated into the system. It is likely that a continuous
progression through a series of intermediate network
configurations will occur during such evolution rather
than the implementation of a sequence of predefined
network configurations.
It is difficult therefore, at least in Italy, to envisage the
time needed before new networks are implemented.
The operational role of an Italian domestic satellite
should be assessed both taking into account the rather
unpredictable situation which will be encountered in the
near future on the terrestrial network and the possibility
that the satellite itself could, to some extent, influence
the evolutionary process. At least during the probable
long intermediate phases of evolution, a "comple-
mentary" role rather than a "competitive" role may be
envisaged for a point to point domestic satellite which
could provide some of the "value added" services which
shall be currently offered by ISDN in the future.
Switched digital telephony data services, videoconfer-
ence through satellite, high speed facsimile, etc. can
therefore be made available nationwide to users even
23
WEST EUROPE
before the ISDN network is completely implemented,
however full ISDN-satellite compatibility should be
guaranteed at terminal equipment level.
3. Technological Evolution
The increasing demand for new telecommunications
services and the progressive competiveness of terrestrial
systems have pushed satellite designers to invest more in
R&D activities. These investments are both in the field
of the design techniques and in that of the space tech-
nologies, in order to obtain systems which could be
economically and technically competitive. This evolu-
tionary process of space communications can be synthe-
sized into three phases depicted in the following:
Figure 1. TLC [Telecommunications] Satellite Systems
Design Evolution
I phase?Space Experimentation
? Low complexity on board
? High complexity on ground
? Basic technology development
? Relatively high costs
II phase?Space Industrialization
? Design/manufacturing process improvement
? Proven technology
? Satellite configuration for large reuse and minimum
launch cost
III phase?Space Commercialization
? Higher complexity on board
? New technology development
? Minimum complexity on ground
? Minimum system costs
Some aspects of such innovation processes are described
below. In order to assure and maintain competitivity, for
those communication satellite systems conceived to
complement regional and domestic terrestrial networks,
these are considered by the space industry to be partic-
ularly significant.
1. Medium size satellites for regional and domestic
telecommunications applications appear to be more cost
effective since they could benefit of the multiple-
launching capabilities of the new launchers, thus sharing
with other users the severely increasing costs related to
the launch (Figure 2).
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
Mission
Application
S/C at launch
Diameter (m)
Height (m)
Weight (kg)
DC power required (W)
P/L freq. bands
Weight (kg)
DC power (W)
N. transponders
Total BW (MHz)
Launcher
24
Figure 2. TLC Satellites Size
Medium size
Italsat
Domestic
Telephone/data
Propagation
2.7
3.5
1680
1700
Ku
240
1000
9 plus propag. package
830
Half-Ariane 4
The realization of such systems in medium-size medium
weight satellites is made possible by the appropriate use
of lightweight structures, circuit integration techniques
and innovative power generation systems which show
continuously improving merit factors.
Moreover large satellites seem to be required for heavy
multimission applications and mostly direct TV broad-
casting.
The difficulty in forecasting requirements for intercon-
tinental links is driving planners to consider medium
size satellites to move in orbit in support via intersatel-
lite link to the large existing satellites.
2. The introduction of the "modular approach" in the
spacecraft design makes available modular elements
(Figure 3) which may be used for more than one project
and which will make possible extensive reuse of produc-
tion techniques and ground support equipments; only
the Telecommunications payload may be designed on a
case by case basis to fit the specific scope of the mission.
The "modular approach" becomes a requirement if
schedule constraints are considered: a period of 2-3 years
is considered to be the average acceptable time between
the system specification and the readiness for launching
in case of commercial application. This will be possible
only if relevant investment are made by Industries both
in organizational resources able to manage large recur-
ring programs and in the development of suitable mod-
ular systems which could be easily adapted or converted
to the specific mission.
3. The "system complexity," formerly concentrated in
the ground segment, is progressively migrating toward
the space segment. This will on the one hand simplify
WEST EUROPE
Large size
Olympus
Regional
Multimission
TVBS/data
Propagation
2.9
5.2
2530
3220
Ka/Ku
350
2350
8 plus propag. package
226
Full Ariane 4
and reduce the cost of the ground terminals and, on the
other hand will increase the operational flexibility of the
Telecommunications system. Both aspects are of pri-
mary importance particularly for domestic and regional
systems.
Thus Space-qualified integrated digital processors and
computers systems will play an important role both in
managing more complex Telecommunications functions
and in optimizing the operational system life (Figure 4).
The availability of new computer-aided techniques and
the evolution of semicustom integrated circuits will
allow the design and realization of new, custom-designed
integrated circuits (ASICs - Application Specific Inte-
grated Circuits) in shorter time and at less overall system
cost (Figure 5 [not shown]).
4. On board antenna systems will become more sophis-
ticated and will, basically, evolve toward multibeam
which allow frequency reuse, coverage shaping to mini-
mize ground stations cost and size, and beam reconfigu-
rability to serve different areas with the same antenna
system. (Figure 6 [not shown] shows a beam-forming
network section for a 12 GHz multibeam antenna).
The use of frequency-selective and polarization-selective
surfaces (dichroic and gridded surfaces) will greatly help
in the design of the new high gain antenna systems by
taking advantage of the double use of the reflectors in the
generally limited areas available on board the satellites.
5. New frontiers are opened by the extensive use of
MMICs (Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits) in
the electronic equipment. (Figure 7 [not shown] shows a
2 inch GaAs wafer with about 1600 GHz local oscilla-
tors, 1.2 mm each, before cutting).
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
NORTH PANEL
1,11:1,?
. ?
n,
PROPELLANT
TANK
EARTH FACING
MULTIREAM
ANTENNA 1
25
NATIONAL
ANTENNA COVERAGE
WEST
PANEL
MULT1SEAM
ANTENNA 2
-
SOUTH
PANEL
EAST PANEL
MAIN PLATFORM
SOLAR
WEST EUROPE
- Bus design reuse
- Standard unit
design reuse
- autonomous
management
- Automatic GSE
- Minimum number
qualification models
- Reduced manufacturing
time
ITALSAT SATELLITE
Figure 3. Satellite System Design Modular Concept
PAYLOAD PAYLOAD PAYLOAD
WEDDED OSC EMBEDDED Ole EMSEDOED O- le
PAYLOAD
._.
MUDDED Ole
a
E
I SUOSDH
XESTEM I
MORAL SUE
AOCS
EMBEDDED 0?C
POWER Sit
1 MUDDED DEC
?
THERMAL
CONTROL
IPS
One
j
WASEDDED
OTHER
SUBSYSTEMS
'Figure 4. Distributed Computers Embedded in Each Payload and Subsystem
New antenna configurations, such as active arrays, now
up to Ku band, where the beam forming networks
incorporate final RF power amplification elements and
low noise receiving amplifiers (previously located in the
transponders area) will allow drastic volume and weight
reduction with increasing overall system efficiency.
6. Saturation in the present frequency bands is pushing
the solution of new technology problems. Dual polariza-
tion and high directivity antennas are extensively used in
order to reuse same frequencies in contiguous areas.
Higher frequency bands (20-30 GHz) are being explored
and utilized. At these frequencies there are larger capac-
ities available for use but, on the other hand, the effects
of the atmospheric attenuation on the transmitted sig-
nals are more severe. Thus new sophisticated systems to
control the radiated power will be required to overcome
these effects both at the ground terminals and on-board
(Figure 8).
7. New "regenerative" satellite transponders (Figure 9)
are used which improve transmission efficiency and link
performance by means of on-board demodulation and
subsequent re-modulation of the signals. This improves
system performance without affecting the complexity
and the costs of the ground terminals.
The incorporation of "regeneration" and "switching"
features within the same payload allows baseband inter-
connection of more satellite transponders through an
appropriate "matrix." This technique which is being
implemented on the ITAL-SAT system, will allow the
dynamic management of the transmission resources by
means of "routing plans" stored in the on-board payload
and updated by appropriate commands transmitted by
the system control ground station.
FDMA techniques in the up link associated with TDM
techniques in the down link allow the most efficient RF
power management either at the ground station and at
the on-board transponders.
With on board regeneration, transmultiplexing and cod-
ing features FDMA/TDM systems appear to offer
extremely interesting solutions for future business sys-
tems involving very small and low cost antenna termi-
nals (two meters diameter) located at the users premises
(Figure 10).
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
CLEAR SKY
ABSORPTION
ADDITIONAL EFFECTS /
FROM RAIN
f?J
Br Ka
ILI
TREGUENCT
26 WEST EUROPE
? Higher frequencies (20-30 GI Irl allow:
- to avoid saturation of present bands allocated
- to increase band capacity
? Higher sensitivity effects from rain attenuation is reduced bs
fade sensors through fade beacons which allow:
- to control on ground on board output RF power i155 dfl?
- to change burst rate with forwar error correction coding
IFEC) 110 dI31 .
Figure 8. New Frequency Banks for Space Communications
EARTH SPOT
STATIONS SEAMS
?
RS--
DEMODULATION
TO
SASE SAND
MP MK)
ON BOARD
RASE SAND
SWITCH
MATRIX
ITEMODULATION
TO
RE
SPOT
SEAMS
EARTH
STATIONS ? On board signal regeneration improses over-
all link
? Signal processing and storage is allowed
? Basehand switching matrix dynamically con-
trolled redistributes traffic
Figure 9. On-Board Regeneration and Processing
USER
TERMINAL
critzmaitcss=
2
USER/MULTIUSERS
TERMINAL
Up link up to 2 hIbit/s
Down link N x 2Mbirs
On board:
? Muhicarrier demodulation
? Regeneration
? Digital processing
? Multiplexing
? Remodulation
USE^ R
TERMINAL On ground:
? Few tenths RF power
? Two meter dia ant. about
HUB
STATION
? Minimum EIRP and low bit rate continuous wave modems allow to reduce ground stations complexity and coo
? Saturated power amplifiers optimize on board DC power utilization
? On board regeneration and signal coding provide good system margins with reduced RF power
Figure 10. FDMA/TDM VSAT Business System
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
JPRS-TTP-88-007
25 May 1988
4. Conclusions
Key points such as: visibility, service anticipation capa-
bility and operation flexibility give satellite systems new
outstanding role in fixed points links where terrestrial
network services and technology are very fast evolving.
This new satellite role is supported by advanced space
design techniques which allow on board operation and
processing increasing with ground stations complexity
and cost reduction.
8800
NORWAY
Three of Largest Businesses in Mobile Phone
Project
55002451 Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian
9 Apr 88 p 10
?
[Article by Ulf Peter Hellstrom: "Mobile Phone Invest-
ments Total 100 Million Kroner"]
[Text] Three key Norwegian institutions will now invest
100 million kroner in participating in the development
of the future mobile telephone system in Europe. The
Simonsen Elektro firm, which is listed on the stock
exchange, the telecommunications division of the enor-
mous EB concern and the ELAB research institute at
Norway's Technical College are joining forces to com-
pete for a market that will probably be worth close to 100
billion kroner by the year 2000.
27
WEST EUROPE
"This is an enormous boost for us. If we succeed we can
depend on the financial support being there when we
need it," said administrative director Roald Aarset of
Simonsen Elektro, which will be central in the further
development of the Norwegian project.
"The EB concern already earns over a billion kroner
from exports and we view this as a potential source of
future income on the export side," said director Chris-
tian Brinch of EB's Telecom division.
The three Norwegian institutions?whose efforts have
been encouraged by the Norwegian Telecommunications
Administration?are now setting their sights on one of
the strongest potential growth markets in Europe for the
rest of the century. Developments in Norway show that
there is great interest?and a lot of money?in a mobile
phone network that functions to some extent. The expan-
sion of mobile phones in Norway has exceeded all
official predictions. Now a new mobile telephone system
is scheduled for development in Europe. Norwegian
advanced technology is banking on coming in early
enough to skim off some of the cream.
The two companies, Simonsen Elektro and EB, and the
ELAB research institute have entered into a cooperative
agreement on the development and future regular mass
production of components for the future European
mobile phone system, GMS, which by all reports will
lead the way in the wealthy EC area. This network will be
entirely digital and will be capable of transmitting data
and other forms of information as well as conversations.
06578
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09: CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5
This is a U.S. Government publication. Its contents in no
way represent the policies. view's, or attitudes of the U.S.
Government. Users of this publication may cite FBIS or
JPRS provided they do so in a. manner clearly identifying
them as the secondary source.
Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) and Joint Publications Research Service (JPRS)
publications contain political, economic, military, and sociological news, commentary, and other
information, as well as scientific and technical data and reports. All information has been obtained
from foreign radio and television broadcasts, news agency transmissions, newspapers, books, and
periodicals. Items generally are processed from the first or best available source; it should not be in-
ferred that they have been disseminated only in the medium, in the language, or to the area indicated.
Items from foreign language sources are translated. Those from English-language sources are
transcribed, with the original phrasing and other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets [ j are supplied by FBIS/JPRS.
Processing indicators such as [Text] or [Excerpts] in the first line of each item indicate how the infor-
mation was processed from the original. Unfamiliar names which are rendered phonetically or
transliterated by FBIS/JPRS are enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a question
mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear from the original source but have been supplied as
appropriate to the context. Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an item originate
with the source. Times within items are as given by the source.
SUBSCRIPTION/PROCUREMENT INFORMATION
The Fpis DAILY REPORT contains cur-
fent news and information and is published
Monday through Friday in 8 volumes: China,
East Europe, Soviet Union, East Asia, Near
East & South Asia, Africa (Sub-Sahara),
Latin America, and West Europe. Supple-
ments to the DAILY REPORTs may also be
available periodically and will be distributed
to regular DAILY REPORT subscribers.
JPRS publications generally contain less
time-sensitive information and are published
periodically. Current JPRS publications are
listed in Government Reports Announcements
issued semi-monthly by the National Tech-
nical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 and
the Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Pub-
lications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of-
fice, Washington, D.C. 20402.
U.S. Government offices may obtain sub-
scriptions to the DAILY REPORTs or JPRS
publications (hardcovers or microfiche) at
no charge through their sponsoring organi-
zations. DOD consumers are required to
submit requests through appropriate
command validation channels to DIA, RTS-
2C, Washington, D.C. 20301. (Telephone:
[phone], Autovon: 243-3771.) For
additional information or assistance, -call
FBIS, [phone], or write to P.O. Box
2604, Washington, D.C. 20013.
The public may subscribe to either hard-
cover or microfiche versions of the DAILY
REPORTs and JPRS publications through
NTIS at the above address or by calling
[phone]. Subscription rates will be
provided by NTIS upon request. Subscrip-
tions are available outside the United States
from NTIS or appointed foreign "dealers.
Back issues or single copies of the DAILY
REPORTs and JPRS publications are not
available. New subscribers should expect a
30-day delay in receipt of the first issue.
Both the DAILY REPORTs and the JPRS
publications are on file for public reference
at the Library of Congress and at many
Federal Depository Libraries. Reference
copies may also be seen at many public and
university libraries throughout the United
States.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/04/09 : CIA-RDP92M00686R000100010003-5