OPERATION "TAURUS" FIELD REPORT SEPTEMBER 1983

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP92B00181R000400360008-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 115
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 13, 2013
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: September 1, 1983
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0~
~;~ OPERATION
NSP/ACV: 83 - 12
NO~OF.~SZCOPIES, SERIE3_~
THIS DOCUMENT CONSISTS OF ~ PAGE(S)
FIELD REPORT
September 1X83
Loa Alamos National Laboratory
Sandia National Laboratory
Air Force Technical Applications Center
NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
Unauthorized Disclosure subject to
Administrative and Criminal Sanctions.
?~~.~??~
Derivative Classifier
Robert A. Jeffries
NSP/ACV
^
^
^
Classified per : ,LA 4000
E " Review: OADR
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 ' ____~
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
..- tiLV L 1 _
r
Taurus Field Report ~ NSP/ACV:83-12
~, Page 3
TAURUS FIELD REPORT
SEPTEMBER 1983
Compiled by W. D. Evans and R. A. Jeffries
Contributions by
J. R. Cessna
W. D. Feldman
T. E. Latta, SNLA
L. R. Rollstin, SNLA
W. R. Scarlett
S. R. .Shaw
The TAURUS experiment was supported by DOE/Office of
International Security Affairs, Air
Applications Center, and Los Alamos
Supporting Research.
Institutional
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
SECAEi
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 4
c~~R~T
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
J L `J ~ L 1 NSP/ACV : 83-12
1.0
2.0
Introduction ,
Experiment Physics
9
2.1
2.2
2.3
Purpose
Instrument Design ..
Expected Background Radiations
,
9
~
2.4` Expected Reactor Neutron Flwc
13
2.5 Expected Reactor Gamma-Ray Flux
14
2.6, NAS-1 Design and Calibration
14
2.7
Expected NAS-I Plastic Counting Rates
24
2.8
Background/Gamma Design and Calibration
27
3.0
Payload Description
30
3.1
General
30
3.2
G-Detector .Electronics
32
3.3
N-Detector Electronics
39
3.4
Telemetry
43
3.5
Rocket System Description
47
4.0
Ground Data Systems
53
4.1
Payload Real Time Data Acquisition
53
4.2
Payload Real Time Data Archival
59
4.3
Real Time Data Display
61
4.4
Post Flight Data Analysis
66
SECRET
Page 5
TAURUS FIELD REPORT
CONTENTS
Page
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
SECRET
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 6
Contents (coat)
Page
5.0
Prelaunch Operations
75
5.1 Schedule
75
5.2 Payload Tests
75
6.0
Launch Operations
78
6.1 Countdown
78
6.2 Intercept Calculations
89
6.3 Rocket Performance
92
6.4 Payload Performance
97
6.5 Recovery Operations
97
7.0 Experimental Data
98
7.1 Real-time Data Processing
98
7.2 Sumaaary of Flight Data
102
8.0 Summary 112
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~LVIiL 1
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 7
1.0 INTRODUCTION '
Operation TAURUS was the first demonstration of a system capable of
fully characterizing the nuclear signature of foreign reactors in space.
.The TAURUS system included a nuclear instrumentation payload carried by
a small sounding rocket, the associated ground-radar and computing
systems needed to predict and' monitor the positions of the rocket and
i
the satellite target, and data analysis hardware and software which
presents the payload data in real .time. Although this first test was
against a "virtual" target rather than an actual satellite, all compo-
nents required for an actual deployment were successfully tested.: This
operation also measured the radiation background and gathered system
performance data needed to assess ,the risks and benefits of an actual
mission.
TAURUS is the first phase of a program addressing national re-
quirements for the detection and characterization of nuclear materials
in space.~~The total program, nicknamed DORADO at Los Alamos, is a joint
cooperative effort involving the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia
National Laboratories, the Air Force Technical Applications Center
(AFTAC), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and
others.
The goal of the TAURUS phase of the DORADO program was the demon-
stration of an early initial capability to detect and characterize
foreign nuclear reactors in space. The payload flown in this operation
utilized instrumentation that required a minimum of development. We
have initiated conceptual design and development of an advanced payload
capable of greatly improved sensitivity and spectral resolution.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
.SECRET
Taurus Field Report ~ NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 8
The demonstration flight of this system was conducted from the
Kauai Test Facility (KTF), a permanent sounding rocket range operated by
Sandia National Laboratories at Barking Sands, Kauai, Hawaii. This
facility is .also ideal for operational deployment of TAURUS against
"RORSAT-type".satellites. Analysis of many RORSAT.trajectories indicates
- -- -- - _
that the probability of the passage of RORSAT's"through the accessible
target area from KTF is high. Because the RORSAT's historically follow
the 'same ground track, an intercept opportunity can be expected to occur
about every seven days.
The payload was lofted by a Terrier Tomahawk unguided sounding
rocket. A typical RORSAT ephemeris obtained from NORAD was used to
define a "predicted" target orbit in time and space. Real-time radar
was used to monitor the rocket track, and the closest approach distance
to the "virtual" satellite was calculated during the flight. A retro-
rocket provided a means of trajectory modification to increase the
distance of closest approach. This retro-system was also successfully
tested during Operation TAURUS.
Operation TAURUS was sponsored by the Department of Energy/Office
of International Security Affairs, AFTAC, and Los Alamos National
Laboratory Institutional Supporting Research funds. The instrumenta-
tion, rocketry, and data reduction elements of the TAURUS program were
assembled using the technical resources and facilities of the National
Laboratories of the Department of Energy. If a decision is made to
deploy this system, then identification of target satellites, tasking
of missions, and reporting of results will be the responsibility of the
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for R
__.
Taurus Field Report
elease 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B00181 8000400360008-0
~LV16L 1
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 9
appropriate elements of the Department of Defense and the intelligence
community. The rocket payload has been recovered and will now be refur-
bished and held ready for future deployment as required.
This field report is intended to provide a timely description of
the program objectives, operational procedures and experimental results.
2.0 EXPERIMENT PHYSICS
2.1 Purpose
The TAURUS payload was designed to detect, positively identify, and
determine the operating characteristics of an orbiting nuclear reactor
by measurements of the Y-ray, neutron, and positron .emissions. A sec-
ondary purpose was to develop and test modern instrumentation having
future application for Los Alamos Treaty Verification Program.
2.2 Instrument Design
The TAURUS-I payload was designed to include two instruments and be
lofted by a 9 inch Terrier-Tomahawk sounding rocket to approach (within
approximately 10 km) an orbiting, lightly-shielded reactor operating in
the power range between 30 and 100 kw.. Power and telemetry allocated to
the instrument payload were 87 lbs, 25 W, and 1 Mb/s, respectively. The
Sandia facility at Barking Sands, Kauai was the launch site.
2.3 Expected Background Radiations
In order to predict background counting rates due to naturally
occurring neutrons, charged particles and Y-rays, it was important to
assess the intensity of these radiations. With a half-life to ~ decay
of approximately 13 min, most background neutrons just above the Earth's
atmosphere have been produced locally by nuclear interactions between
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 10
galactic cosmic rays and constituents of the upper atmosphere. Since
the payload's apogee of 250 km is well below the Earth's trapped ion
radiation belt, no detectable neutron fluxes resulting from inter-
actions between these particles and the rocket were expected. The
spectrum of the atmospheric albedo neutron flux was calculated using the
measured spectrum of galactic cosmic rays, the known atmospheric con-
stituents, and all relevant nuclear cross sections. This spectrum,
reproduced from Hess et al. (1961), is shown in Fig. 2.1. Although the
shape of the spectrum has been confirmed only crudely for neutrons with
energy below about 10 MeV, the total intensity has been determined
experimentally to be approximately 0.15 cm 2 s-1 at the geomagnetic
latitude of Hawaii (Lockwood, 1973). ,
Again, because the maximum altitude of the rocket was well below
the base of the inner Van Allen radiation belt, only detection of very
energetic galactic cosmic rays was expected. Their intensity ranges
between about 0.3 and 0.6 particles/cm2-s corresponding to solar maximum
and minimum conditions, respectively.
Three contributions to the ~(-ray background were expected: 1) the
diffuse cosmic x-ray and y-ray background, 2) the Earth albedo radiation
or secondary radiation originating from the interaction of galactic
cosmic rays with constituents of the Earth's atmosphere, and 3) rocket
produced background caused bq radioactive materials in the rocket and
cosmic ray induced secondary radiation. A conservative estimate of
these backgrounds for a spacecraft in equatorial orbit at 500 km alti-
tude and invariant latitude A = 18? is shown in Fig. 2.2. Integration
cFrnET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
lo=
log
J00
10
1.
0
O.1
0.01
o.uR
ace at
i
difttsrent
O.S
R
Altxdo ne
distances
utron
from't
ux
a E
n sp
srth (Dec.
5.1939)
R
2 Jt
~R
d R6
j-
r
l B
00 M
'
0.01 ev 0.1 ev
10 ev
ev
ev
1
10 Kev 100 Kev 1 Mev 10 Mev
Fig. 2.1. The calculated neutron-energy spectrum in space at different distances
from the earth above the geomagnetic equator. The ORE is for the top
of the atmosphere, which is roughly 100 lun altitude.
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
102
SECRET
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 12
101
100
.rZ
100
SECRET
101
y
~i
O1
C,
Op,
E
O
u
b
0
-+
00
v
.o
p
0
.'.,
?~
b
~o
w
~o
00
b
v
e
.,~
N
L~7
OO
.~
~T I
e
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
i
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 13
of these curves for energies greater than 100 keV and assuming appropri-
ate solid angles yields approximately 16.4 photons/(cm2-s).
2 4 Expected Reactor Neutron Flux ,
Measurements from a lightly shielded nuclear reactor show a leak-
age of about. 1 neutron of 2 MeV average energy per fission. For a
reactor, 3.1 x 1010 fissions are needed per watt-s, so a 100 kilowatt
reactor leaks S'= (3.1 x 1010) fiss/W-s) x (1) (n/fis) x (105) (watts),
or S = 3.1 x 1015 neutrons/s (R. E. Malenfant, private communication).
If An is the detector area and En is its collection efficiency then the
yield at d = 10 km distance is
Yon _ S AnE~ -.2.47 x 102 An sn counts/s
4 nd
Yn(t) 2 2
d + U-t
where. U is the speed of the reactor past the rocket at t = 0,
ponding to closest approach, the total counts, YTn, is given by_
~ Yond
YTn = Y (t)dt = U
n
-m
dz nYond
1+z2 U
(1)
where=-:the. .substitution z = Ut/d has been made. Since U is approximately
7 km/s and d = 10 km, then
YTn - 4.49 Yon
SECRET
(2)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
? Page 14
2.5 Expected Reactor Gamma-Ray Flux
Lightly shielded reactors are also a source of y-rays. A leakage
of about 1 MeV/fission of photons having average energy of 0.9 MeV is
expected. The resultant flux corresponds to a source strength of
10
S = 3.i x 10 (fission/watt-s )_ x (2 MeV/fission) x (10 W)/(0.9 MeV/
photon) = 3.4 x 1015 photons/s. This number is nearly identical to that
estimated for the neutron flux. Making similar definitions we find a
yield at 10 km of
YOY = 2.74 X 102 AY EY
and a total yield
YTY = 4.49 YOY
2.6 NAS-I Design and Calibration
(3)
(4)
The neutron sensor, NAS-I, consisted of a 3He gas proportional
counter placed within a cylindrical annulus of BC412 plastic scintil-
lator as shown in Fig. 2.3. The proportional counter was 5.7 cm diam-
eter by 20 cm long and was filled with 10 atmospheres of 3He gas. The
plastic scintillator had a 16 cm o.d., a 6 cm i.d., a 20 cm length,-
and was viewed by eight, 1.5 in. diameter photomultiplier tubes. Both
the 3He counter and the. plastic scintillator responded to neutrons.
Because the 3He counter was insensitive to X-rays but very sensitive to
neutrons having energies less than .about 10 eV it was used in a.singles
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 D_ eclassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~ ~? ~ O~ L ~ NSP/ACV: 83-12
Taurus Field Report page 15
= W
O Q
J~
N
1~
X N
~..~ Mx
1
~IlS~dld 1Wd
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 16
mode of operation as a moderated gas proportional-counter neutron detec-
tor. Calibration using monoenergetic neutron beams generated by the Los
Alamos vertical Van de Graaff,accelerator yielded detection efficiencies
in the range between 5 and 6~ for neutron energies .less than about 5
MeV. These efficiencies assumed an area An = 3.2 x 102 cm2, the projec-
ted area of the plastic scintillator. Inserting these quantities into
Eqs. (1) and (2) gave a maximum counting rate of about 4350 counts/s at
.closest approach and a total of about 1.95 x 104 counts during the
rocket flight. These numbers are to be compared with an albedo neutron
count rate of 2.6 counts/s and a total over the entire rocket flight of
about 1450 counts. This total does not include events corresponding to
minimum ionizing galactic cosmic rays because they correspond to very
large pulses in the plastic and therefore-can be easily identified and
neglected.
Information about the spectral shape of the source neutron dis-
tribution was obtained from a pulse-height analysis of the plastic scin-
tillator output. The principle of operation is outlined in Fig. 2.3.
Neutrons incident on the plastic deposit all their sensible energy (down
to about 450 keV) to multiple proton recoils within about 30 ns. How-
ever, since the 3He counter does not count 450 keV neutrons efficiently,
many more proton-recoil collisions were needed before detection by this
counter was possible. The associated slowing down time for this addi-
tional energy loss coupled with penetration of the 3He tube, was in the
range between 20 and 50 Ns as shown in Fig. 2.4. This differential
coincidence fraction versus slowing-down time was measured using an Am-B
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~au~LL~ ~~~~.. ..~..t..._ ~L~1~L 1 Page ~~
W N
Na w
yo
~ O
~%) 'ONION
1'dIlN32~3~~ 10
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 18
neutron source. illuminating the NAS-I detector. A 27 ps maximum gate
time for a.coincidence between the plastic pulse and the 3He tube pulse
was chosen (see vertical line in Fig. 2.4) as a compromise between
detection efficiency and an inordinately high chance coincidence count-
ing rate at the distance of closest approach. A coincidence between the
plastic and 3He tube then signaled the occurrence of a nearly complete
energy loss in the plastic. The associated plastic pulse height was
then a true measure of the incident neutron energy. Spectral resolution
was limited only by nonuniform light collection and nonlinearities of
the light output of the plastic.
.The spectral response of the NAS-I detector to monoenergetic neu-
trons between 0.6 MeV and 4 MeV was calibrated using the Los Alamos
vertical Van de Graaff accelerator. Several typical pulse-height dis-
tributions are shown in Fig. 2.5. Two of these distributions are re-
plotted in linear energy space in Fig. 2.6. The energy resolution for
all the measured spectra are summarized in Fig. 2.7. Inspection shows
that although the resolution degrades seriously for energies below
approximately 1 MeV, it ranged between about 50 and 75~ for energies
above 1 MeV.
The energy-dependence of the detection efficiency is shown in two
different formats in Figs. 2.8 and 2.9. Whereas the absolute efficiency
for detecting coincidence events varied between about 2.5?,6 and 2~ for
neutrons having energies in the range between about 450 keV and 4 MeV
(Fig. 2.8), the coincidence to singles fraction was nearly constant at
40~ over the same energy range (Fig. 2.9). It is not clearly known why
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field ~Report J C ~ ~[ ~ ~ NSP/AGV :253- u
Page 19
O
U
50 100 150
CHANNEL NUMBER
Fig. 2.5. NAS-I sensor spectral Calibration
monoenergetic neutrons.
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
O
t1' M
slrvno~
SECRET
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 20
O
O
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 SDeclassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus r uiu ncyvi ~ `- ~.~ ~ ~' +?~= i +~~ ? ? ~~ _~
Va Page 21
.(%~ WHM~
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
SECRET
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 22
Cfi
.1 co w
U W
ww,, Iv
M W ~ U
G G
~%) J1~N31~1~~3 '~NIO~
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
- ;Taurus rieia xeporL _ , ~ ~ ~ t I Pagen23:o~-1~
,...i
v
~ `~
M ~ ~
0
v ~
Z
~O ~ ~O f0 N O O
(%) NOIl~d2~~ S3~~JN I S Ol 'ONION
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 24
the coincidence efficiency drops off so sharply below approximately
450 keV but the reason may be related to the low light output for low
energy proton recoils. This output is calibrated in Figs. 2.10 and 2.11
using a linear laboratory pulse height analyzer and the logarithmic
pulse-height analyzer built into NAS-I, respectively.
2.7 Expected NAS-I Plastic Counting Rates
The plastic will respond to all incident ionizing fluxes very
efficiently. Since the minimum plastic penetration thickness is 10 cm
and the mean free paths to 1 MeV neutrons and y-rays are approximately
4.5 cm and 10 cm, respectively, the probabilities for at least one
detectable interaction should be greater than approximately 90~ and 70~,
respectively. Choosing 100 efficiency for the purpose of estimating
maximum rates, a singles counting rate for neutrons is 7.9 x 104 s-1
and for Y-rays is 8.8 x 104 s-1. "Addition of 1/8-in. of Pb sheet sur-
rounding the NAS-I for ballast should reduce the ~(-ray background to
below approximately 2.5 x 103 s-1 but not change the neutron albedo
count rate.
Because of the high singles plastic count rate at closest approach
and the 27 Ns coincidence rate necessitated by the NAS-I design, the
probability for a chance ,coincidence -will be close to 100 at this
point. However, outside of a ?6 s interval centered on closest ap-
proach, the singles count rate should be less than approximately 9.1 x
103 s-1 corresponding to a percentage dead time resulting from chance
Since the resultant chance
coincidences of less than approximately 22~.
coincidence counting rate of 950 s-1 will be always less than the ex-
pected true coincidence rate (which at ?6 s is 1740 s-1), measurement of
SECRET
SECRET
e
i
m
E
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Jtt,~([~
i
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 25
200
150
J
W
Z
Z 100
Q
2
U
1 2 3 4 5
NEUTRON ENERGY (MeV)
Fig. 2.10. NAS-I sensor calibration
Laboratory (ii.near) analyzer.
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
SECRET
2 3 4
NEUTRON ENERGY tMeV)
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 26
Fig. 2.11. NAS=I sensor 6alibration
payload (logarithmic)
` analyzer,
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 'I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
JCt,t~C 1
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page-27
energy spectra should be possible. Integrating the expression for Yn(t)
from ?6 s to ? t where Yn (t) = 1.1 s-1 (the background neutron coincid-
ence counting rate) gives
Y (t)~ Y d 8
z=d n =58 s andY =2 on dz ~1x 103
V Yn(t) Tn U 6 1+ z -
.counts spread over 12 pulse-height channels.
2.8 Background/Gamma Design and Calibration.
The Background/Gamma (B/G) detector provided four functions: 1) it
characterized the gamma-ray flux emitted by the reactor. 2) by meas-
using the gamma radiation, it also allowed correction for the gamma-
induced background in the neutron detector; 3) it provided a measure-.
ment of the .charged-particle environment in which the system was
operating; and 4) it would detect positrons emitted by the reactor (when
both the reactor and the detector are located on the same geomagnetic
L-shell) and would determine their spectral distribution. The design of
the instrument, shown schematically in Fig. 2.12, is based upon commer-
cially available 3 x 3 in. scintillation gamma-ray spectrometers and
custom organic (plastic) scintillation spectrometers for the detection
of charged particles. The two charged-particle spectrometers were each
positioned between a pair of gamma-ray spectrometers, providing an
indication of the detection of a positron through the detection of the
two 0.511 MeV coincident positron annihilation-gamma-rays. This config-
uration provided .the added advantage of a X-ray shadow collimation
arrangement which helped enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of gamma.
fluxes emitted by a point source (yielding a modulation synchronized?to
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 28
PLASTIC
PLASTIC
BGO
511 keV
"511 keV
NoI
BGO
NaI
NoI
NcI
BGO
Fig. 2.12. B/G sensor.
SECRET
I ?s COINCIDENCE
WINDOW
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 ~ a ~ ?~ ~
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 29
the rocket spin rate) amidst a nearly isotropic background of ionizing
radiation.
Two types of gamma-ray spectrometers were employed. Two sodium
iodide (NaI) spectrometers were- included in order to relate to data
previously acquired by-Solar Max Mission (SMM) gamma-ray spectrometers,
-and also to-provide superior resolution at energies < 2 MeV. Two bis-
muth germinate (Bi4Ge3012, or BGO) spectrometers were included to pro-
vide superior. efficiency at higher energies where appreaciable fluxes
are observed even in the SMM data. The gamma-ray spectrometers employed
3 in. diameter Hammamatsu type R 1307 photomultiplier tubes with resis-
tive voltage dividers (bleeder strings). Each was contained within a
housing which also served as a magnetic shield.
The charged par"ticle detectors used plastic scintillators. `The
configuration of the scintillators was designed to optimize the detec-
tion and identification of positrons, within the constraints of the
mission. -The scintillators were coupled to 1-1/2 in. diameter RCA type
C70132D photomultiplier tubes, allowing a very compact mechanical assem-
bly. The plastic scintillators were exposed to the space environment
after removal of the nose cone, and were shielded from incident light
only by a thin film of aluminum deposited directly upon the scintillator
-and covered by an opaque layer of aerodag G. The plastic detectors will
be replaced after recovery and before reuse, while the remainder of the
package, within sealed containers, should require minimal refurbishment.
Calibrations of the gamma-ray spectrometer were performed utilizing
menoenergetic gamma-ray sources. Total response functions were used to
SECAEi
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~ELRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 30
derive incident spectral functions from the observed response. Calibra-
tion of the particle detector was also accomplished using radioactive
sources. Its efficiency in detecting positrons was measured using a
22Na source and its energy resolution was determined using a 207Bi
3.0 PAYLOAD DESCRIPTION
3.1 General
Figure 3.1 shows a schematic representation of the overall rocket
payload. From left to right, it consisted of 1) the Ogive nose contain-
ing ballast and the retro-rocket, 2) the charged-particle and gamma
measurements section (G/B-Detector), 3) the neutron measurements sec-
tion (N-Detector), 4) the telemetry section and 5) the payload recovery
section. Without ballast, the payload weighed approximately 250 lbs.
Forty pounds of ballast was added to reduce the nominal apogee altitude
to the desired value.
A retro-rocket, included in the nose of the payload, was available
to be fired on RF command in order to reduce the apogee altitude of
both the payload and the second-stage motor. Clamshell doors forward of
the retro-rocket nozzle open if retro fire is necessary. These doors
were hinged to remain attached to the nose cone so that their apogee
altitude would be reduced. The retro fire option was exercised in this
flight.
The 42-in. long nose cone, containing the retro-rocket and ballast,
was ejected from the payload after retro fire and before measurement
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
+_ Taurus Field Report ~ C ~ ~ ~ ' NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 31
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
. SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 32
altitude was reached. This permitted the forward measurements section
an unobstructed view.
The payload separated from the second-stage motor (Sta. 117) after
the measurement period allowing the payload to tumble for reentry and
recovery.
The "G" detector was mounted in two hermetically sealed cans con-
taining detectors and related electronics. The "B" detector was mounted
in an annulus between the two "G" .detector cans. There was a sealed
channel between the two "G" detector cans for cables. ,When the nose
cone was jettisoned, the "B" detector was exposed to ambient pressure
and temperature. The "G" detector was pressurized to 2 atm absolute
with dry N2 at T-180 minutes. The G/B package was 8 in. diamter, 24.56
in. long and weighed 36 lbs.
The "N" detector was mounted in a single hermetically sealed can
containing detectors and related electronics. The can and end plates
were laminated with -0.135 in. of lead and 0.05 in. conetic for addi-
tional magnetic shielding. The "N" detector was pressurized to 1.3 atm
absolute with dry N2 several days prior to launch. The "N" package was
7.5 in. in diameter, 18 in. long and weighed 51 lbs.
3.2 G-Detector Electronics
A block diagram of the G/B instrument electronics is shown in Fig.
3.2. The instruments consisted of four gamma-ray spectrometers and two
plastic particle detectors. Two of the four gamma photo-multipliers.
viewed sodium iodide (NaI) scintillators whereas the remaining two
SECRET
6
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~-~ Jtl,l~tl
2
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV.83-1
Page 33
s a
SECRET
40
'?
s.?
~?
~~
o ~
~ ~
~ o
C1 H
~~
U
~ Pa G1
\ r-I
`fi
t%f
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~~~~~~
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 34
viewed bismuth germinate scintillators. Each of the six channels con-
tained similar analog electronics for processing the signals of interest
and each did so independently via its charge sensitive preamplifier,
postamplifier, stretcher and analog-to-digital converter. The elec-
trical signals .from each of the gamma channels were digitized by indi-
vidual 8-bit (256 levels) A/D converters and the digital data were
stored two words deep in data latches and shift registers and presented
as 8-bit PHA words to the PCM encoder. The main frame telemetry assign-
mentD for the four gamma PHA and the two plastic,PHA words are .found in
Section 3.4. The response from -the two plastic particle detectors was
treated in a similar manner except that the A/D converter provided only
4-bit (16 level) pulse height resolution. The remaining four bits in
the 8-bit PHA data word were required to identify which, if any, of the
four gamma-ray spectrometers responded in coincidence (within 1 Ns) with
that particular pulse in the particle detector. When such a coincidence
event was identified by the electronics, then further analysis was pre-
vented and the PHA data in all channels for this event were held for
readout by the PCM encoder. In addition to the six PHA data words,
discrete pulses which exceed a predetermined threshold in each of the
six channels-were accumulated in individual 8-bit scalars and output to
the telemetry as "singles" data words. These six words were commutated
within the main frame as detailed in Section. 3.4. The flow charts
.shown in Figs. 3.3 and 3.4 indicate the logic flow required for singles
and PHA data readout. The logic required for handling the event (coin-
cidence) data as opposed to the normal PHA data handling logic is
indicated by the flow charts shown in Figs. 3.5 and 3.6.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
v~.v~~~ ~
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 35
BEAD O/T AC::
S//V~~E`~ DFiTfi
S TA?T
Fig. 3.3. Singles data readout.
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
SECRET
ST~PT
MOVE PHh DH TA
FiPor/1 L / L ti TCNE3
TD S/~I/FT ~C'EG /STriC
Fig. 3.4. PHA data readout.
SECRET
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 36
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
-Taurus r-ield Keport J ~ V (` ~ ~ NSPJACV:83-12
Page 37
START
Fig. 3.5. ADC data handling.
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
SECRET
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 38
Fig. 3.6. Event data handling.
SECRET
i
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~v" Taurus r~ield xeport \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' - pageA39.~3-1Z
Nine G-detector performance monitors were telemetered once. every 32
frames in word 74. Those are detailed in Table 3.1.
3.3 N-Detector Electronics
A block diagram of the N-Detector electronics is shown in Fig. 3.7.
The signal current from all 8 photomultiplier tubes was summed together
and fed into one very low noise charge sensitive preamplifier. The
voltage tail-pulse from the preamp was amplified and shaped to a near
Gaussian shape, monopolar response with a 'S-pole filter. The leading
edge to peak response time was 1.33 ?s. An active baseline restorer was
employed to allow count' rates of 105/s or more to be tolerated with
little distortion.
Once a pulse in this channel exceeded. 40 mV in amplitude a dis-
criminator set two time intervals in process. A .27 ?s coincidence
'window was opened during which any 3He response was detected as a
"coincidence." A 3 ?s delay occured after which the PMT pulse peak
amplitude was strobed into a 4-bit RAM. The amplitude was converted via
a 4-bit logarithmic flash A/D converter. The strobe delay cannot be
retriggered during the 27 ?s coincidence window and the "peak hold"
circuit was reset to zero at the end of each 27 ?s interval.
The singles counts from the 27 ?s one-shot were accumulated in the
3-bit binary giving an indication of possible pile. up in ?the PMT
channel.
The current pulses from the 3He chamber were coupled to a second
charge sensitive amplifier and its voltage output amplified and shaped
with a 5-pole filter to a near Gaussian, bipolar response with peak
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-I2
Page 40
m
R
~
~
~
~
~
i
a
?
~,
g
c
?=
~
~
?
>
a
i
~
m
i
a
i
~
t-~
g
SEF
~
~
1
~
p
tC
~
~
~
sb
~
LC
~
{p
~
?
Y
~
~
R
10
-
i
.r
~
f~
iC
~
.
.
I
?'
z
iz
z
i
z
i
i.
..
c+
..
c~
..
c~
..
c~
..
v
..
v
..
c~
..
v
..
c~
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0
^
~
0
N
0
~
0
~
N
N
N
N
v
v
v
v
~
r
V
{~
?
-
-
-
~
?
-
-
~
~
p
p
op
8
w
o
o
~
a
~
'
~
g
~
w
:
pp
~
~
V
^I
rl
^1
l^
1C
~
uM
rl
N
~
h
-
S
-
V
~O
h
Y
~ ~
M
Y
Y
rl
~1
.nl
~
Y
Y
Y
Y
M
~
.r1
.r1
.~.1
F O
.r
..1
?ri
~
~
~
~
,.~
~+
.y
M
~
~
~
~
~
~+ w
~a
A
s
p
s
~
~
?
~
-
`
s
~
~
~
~
~
~
.
A
~
~
~
~
~
?
~
-
v
~
-
-
-
-
^
N
?~
v
v
m
o
a
_
Y1
m
O~
~O
d
O~
N
r
.r
O~
~D
~D
N
C9 O
~O
n
N
y
.r
O
N
O
O
OD
m
O~
.~
.?
wf
O~
P
P
~, V
?C
~C
W
?
i
?
~.
?
~.
s
r
i
O
...~
..~
Al
.~ .a
=
H
w
~
N
~
p~
V1
O
aD
Pf
/~
P1
O
A
m
iD
ID
OD
m
..
~ C
N
O
N
N
N
.~
O
N
O
N
O
N
C~
p~
d
.r
~+
N
N
~+
N
.+
N
.-~
N
r
N
r
p~
.r
wi
~ (Q~
M ri
war
p~
.r
N
O
O
h
O~
O
O~
T
1~
N
N
N
~R
N
tl1
f~
~f
?r
~O
N
P1
.0
Al .
wr
N
.p
N
N
N
N
N
w1
~
T
O
.?r
N
Al
?
M
~O
1~
~
P
~
.r
?N.i
r
.~i
.^.?
?~?
~
N
~
w1
~
H
~
~
y
~
~
~
~
e
i
+
1
+
F
H
F
a
SECRET
e
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Rel``ea44sie 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
VLU~~'
Taurus Field Report
YY -
S ~ ~ ~ ; i
11 ~i,~~i i i i i
i'l
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 41
r N ~
Ilia
1~~~~
'4g
0
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 44
n~ ac-~
ms
a
? ocr
~aoan~v
Mt10!-
~ AR
LN /M
1
n a
s~~*~ ru
o~owoR
MT10!-
~o ero eaR
~ ~Ml
.II f~MMO
A M
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TELE~AETRY SECTION
PRO.IECT TMJRIIS
V~4/a~
Fig. 3.8. Telemetrq section electronics.
SECRET
t
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~ - SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 43
If multiple events occurred in that interval, the amplitude readout
corresponded to the coincidence event. Otherwise, the amplitude readout
corresponded to the last valid PMT event in the accumulation interval.
Seven analog performance parameters were sampled once per 32 frames to
provide experiment status data.. Interpretation of these parameters is
as shown in Table 3.1. '
Two high-voltage power supplies delivered approximately +1000 V to
each of two groups of 4 PM tubes. HV-1 monitored the high voltage for
tubes 1-4 (forward .group) and HV-2 monitored the high voltage for tubes
5-6 (aft group). A third high voltage supply provided +1700 volts to
the 3He chamber aad was monitored by HV-3. A temperature monitor,, T1
indicated the temperature from a sensor on the.N-detector power condi-
tioner board in the main electronics stack at the aft end of the instru-
ment. The status of the low voltage regulation circuits was monitored
by three channels looking at +3 V, +6 V, and -6 V regulated outputs.
3.4 Telemetry
Aft of the neutron detector package was the Telementry Section
which provided the housekeeping functions for the payload. The princi-
pal parts of the TLM section are described below; a block diagram is
shown in Fig. 3.8.
A Motorola, MCR 151 H-1, command receiver operating ,on 48.0 MHz
received signals .from the- launch control center for the payload to
execute specific functions. The functions. and time of transmission
were:
1. Second Stage Ignition T+18 s
2. Nose Doors Open T+70
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 42
amplitude at 2.2 Ns. No baseline restorer was required in this channel
due to the low pulse rate expected. A low level discriminator was set
to respond to all valid chamber responses. An 3He discriminator re-
spouse was recorded in the 8-bit singles counter and set the "coinci-
Bence bit" if the. 27 Ns coincidence window was "open."
The-main frame digital data were read out alternately approximately
every 34 Ns and 43 Ns (see Section 3.4) in an 8-bit word made up of
4-bits log PMT amplitude (4-MSBs), 3 bits PMT singles, and 1-bit coinci-
dence flag (LSB).
Since 27+ Ns was required to process each PMT pulse, it should not
often occur that more-than one singles count was recorded in each read-
out. On the other hand, at extremely high count rates, the 27 Ns window
becomes shortened somewhat and it was possible under such conditions to
record multiple counts (more than 2) within a sample period. Note also
that once per frame, the sample interval was 60 Ns.
Because the event processing time was long and event occurrences
.were not synchronous with TM samples, a dual set of storage elements was
provided, which operated in a toggle mode with 8-bits of data always
waiting to be read out while the other storage elements were waiting for
storage of data. Priority logic allowed the toggle to occur asynchro-
nously without losing data. When data were requested by the TM sys-
tem, it was held constant during a.sample window, after which a toggle
occurred if no data were being processed, or at the end of the process
whichever occurred last. The maximum wait to toggle was 27 Ns.
Since coincidence data were of prime interest, whenever the coinci-
deuce bit was set, no further 4-bit log-amplitude latches were permitted.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
i
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~__- SECRET
c
i
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 45
3.
Retro-rocket Fire
T+85
4.
Nose Cone Separate
T+100
5.
"N" High Voltage ON
T+105
b.
"G" High Voltage ON
Tt110
7.
Payload Separate
Tt400
8.
Baro Arm
T+412
All signals received by the command receiver were routed to the
SNLA designed sequencer for decoding, signal conditioning and delay as
appropriate. The, sequencer also contained the fire-set which generated
output pulses with sufficient energy to fire the high-energy initiators
used throughout the system.
A Motorola SST-171C, C-Band Radar Transponder, which received on
5750 MHz and transmitted on 5655 MHz, permitted tracking of the payload
until loss of RF signal shortly before impact.
Separate batteries were included for the experiment .and the TLM
The batteries were remotely activated, primary reserve
silver-zinc, and were capable of powering the payload in excess of 60
minutes.
A Schonstedt, Model MND-SC-200/500, dual?axis magnetometer provided
information. on the payload pointing vector as a function of time.
A Loral Data Systems, Model PCM-460A-24 PCM, encoder converted the
analog state-of-health and bi-level experiment data to a serial NRZ-L
bit-stream for transmission. Telemetry frame assignments are listed in
Table 3.2 below. Each frame consisted of 83 9-bit words, each with the
last bit providing odd word parity. Word 74 in each frame was subcom-
mutated to provide 32 analog performance parameters which are identified
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 46
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
1 ~ ~~~~~
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:.83-12
Page 47
in Table 3.3. The subcom frame number was identified in bits 5 through
9 of .main frame word 3. Main frame sync was provided by the sync pat-
tern, 111110101, 001100010, 0000, which occurred in words 0 1, and the
s
first 4 bits of word 2 in every main frame. Various TM system sample
rates and intervals are listed in Table 3.4.
The Interface Junction Box provided a method of interconnecting the
TLM components. It also contained internal/external power relays and
relays for turning experiment power on/off, as well as the #15-V ex-
periment power supply and circuits for interfacing the experiment data
A Loral Data Systems, Model CTS-702 V, 3 W, S-band FM telemetry
transmitter operating on 2263.5 MHz was used to transmit the payload
data to the KTF receivers.
3.5 Rocket System Description
The Sandia developed- Terrier-Tomahawk 9 (TT9) rocket system was
used to carry the payload to measurement altitude. This system was a
two-stage solid propellant, unguided vehicle that exhibits well charac-
terized, low dispersion flight performance. It has "been used to carry
more than 30 9-inch diameter payloads weighing between 165 and 330 lbs
for the purpose of scientific measurements. Figure 3.9 is a sketch of
the TT9 system with the TAURUS payload attached. "
The first- and second-stage motors were connected with a slip-fit,
conical interstage adapter that was clamped to the Terrier motor and
slides into the Tomahawk nozzle exit cone and throat. The first stage
booster separated from. the second-stage system as the Terrier motor
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
TABLE 3.3
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 48
FRAME
NUMBER
SECRET
DATA
Hw
HV2
~IV3 ..
TEMP 1
+3 VOLT MON
+6 VOLT MON
-6 VOLT MON
HV4
HVS
FN6
+15 VOLT MON
-15 VOLT MON
+5 VOLT MON
TEMP 2
X-AXIS MAGNETOMETER
Y-AXIS MAGNETOMETER
TEMP 3
TEMP 4
GROUND
TIMER FLAG UNE
F/M BAT do SEP MON
F/M CAP do H/S MON
AXIAL ACCELERATION '
G-SY/ITCH MONITOR
HV ON/OFF MON
CHUTE/NOSE MONITORS
CMD RECENER Acc
NOT USED
TLM GATT MON
EXP BATT MON
X-AXIS MAGNETOMETER
Y-AXIS MAGNETOMETER
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~LVI1C1
Taurus Field Report
TAURUS DATA SAMPLE RATES
NSP/ACV~:83-12
Page 49
BIT RATE = 1,048,576 bps
BIT DURATION = 0.953674 E-6 sec
BITS/WORD = 9 WITH ODD PARITY
WORD. RATE = 116,508 wps
WORD DURATION = 8.583 E-6 sec
WORDS/FRAME = 83
FRAME .RATE = 1404 fps
FAME DURATION = 712.4 E-6 sec
NEUTRON EXP.
NORMAL DURATION BETWEEN SAMPLES ALTERNATES BETWEEN
4 WORDS = (34.33 E-6 sec) AND 5 WORDS ((42.92 E-6 sec)
AND ONCE/FRAME DURATION IS 7 WORDS = 60.08 E-6 sec
GAMMA EXP
NORMAL DURATION BETWEEN SAMPLES IS 9 WORDS 7'7.25 E-6 sec
ONCE/FRAME DURATION IS 11 WORDS 94.41 E-6 sec
ANALOG SUBCOM
DURATION BETWEEN SAMPLES IS ONCE PER 32 FRAMES
SAMPLE RATE 43.8 Hz
SAMPLE INTERVAL = 22.8 E-3 sec
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0 - ,
Taurus Field Report
r5r/ACV:83-12
Page 50
It 'tof
fo'~tt
?~ ?ss=
~-?c+: -L
o~?~-:
SECRET
7
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Re`leas``e 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
-J~V~~~
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 51
burned out because of the aerodynamic drag/mass differential. The first-
stage vehicle was aerodynamically stabilized with four trapezoidal-
platform double-wedge .section Terrier tail fins that have a plan area of
0.134 m each.'
The first-stage-motor---of-the TT9 rocket -system was the Mk 12, Mod 0
Advanced Terrier Booster developed by the Hercules Powder Company and
the Naval Ordnance Station at Indian .Head, Maryland. The .Terrier had a
principal diameter of 0.457 m (18.0 .in.), a nominal total burn time of
4.60 s, and a sea-level impulse of 1.086 (106) N.s (244 100 lbf.s). The
second-stage motor was the Tomahawk TE-416 developed by Thiokol Chemical
Corporation. The Tomahawk had a principal diameter of 0.229 m (9.0
in.), a nominal total burn time of 9.91 s, and a sea-level total impulse
of 421 700 N.s (94 790 lbf.s). The nominal sea-level thrust/time his-
tories for the rocket motors are presented in Table 3.5.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET '
Taurus Field Report
NSPJACV:83-12
Page 52
k~
Advanced Tarrler
Advanced Terrier
and Tomahawk Rocket Motors:
Tomahawk
Time (a)
Thrust (N)
Time (s) Thrust (N)
0.
0,
0. 0.
' 0.1
?214140.
0.1 69530.
0.2
219690.
0.2 63830.
0.3
222498.
0.35 62920.
0.4
225510.
0.48 56060.
0.5
228560.
1.15 56960.
0.6
231260.
1.50 53100. k
0.7
234490.
5.20 51550. ~
0.8
237950.
6.50 42060.
0.9
240850.
7.90 37080. ~
1.0
244420.
8.20 38620.
1.1
245900.
8.70 18670.
1.2
249700.
8.91 0. '
1.3
252180.
1.4
255880.
Nozzle Exit Area = 0.03749 m=
1.5
259240.
(0.4035 ft=)
1.6
281320.
Total Impulse = 422 000 N ? s
1.8
268550.
(94 8701bf/s)
2.0
278240.
2.2
283490.
2.4
289030.
2.8
292620.
;_
2.8
292940.
3.0 ~
294280.
3.2
292770.
3.4
286590.
?
3.6
271170.
3.8
242860.
f
4.0
193150.
4.1
159940.
4.2
123240.
4.3
84010.
4.4
46320.
4.5
21700.
4.6
0.
Nuzzle E:it Area = 0.1596 m'
(1.7184 ft~)
Total Impulse = 1.086 (10') N ? s
(244 1001bf/s)
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Jt~~i~
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 53
4.0 GROUND SYSTEMS.
4.1 Payload Real Time Data Acquisition
4.1.1 Purpose. The TAURUS Real Time Data Acquisition sys-
tem's purposes were 1) to capture a high speed telemetry data stream and
convert the data. to digital form; 2) store the data is large buffers
in a global section of a computer's memory; 3) add time stamps and con-
trol information to the data buffers; and 4) make the data buffers
available to the real time archival and real time analysis systems.
4.1.2 Hardware and Data Flow. The hardware components of the
system will be described in. terms of the data flow from the point of
entry into the system through arrival_of the time-stamped buffers in
computer memory. All the hardware described here was duplicated into
two fully redundant systems, called System A and System B.
a. D/PAD One. The D/PAD One was a programmable combination bit
and frame synchronizer which served as the point of entry to the data
acquisition .system for the serial telemetry data- stream. The D/PAD
converted the serial data stream into series of parallel 16-bit
digital-words. The telemetry data arrived at the rate of 1.048 x 106
bits/s, or one bit every 0.955 microseconds. The D/PAD took eight con-
secutive telemetry data bits and placed them in the eight low order bits
of the 16-bit digital output word. The ninth bit was used for a parity
check. If the parity indicated an error, the most significant bit (MSB)
of the output word was set ON, otherwise it was set OFF. The current
frame ID (0-31) was placed is bits 8 through 12 (LSB = bit zero) of the
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 54
output word and bits 13 and 14 were always cleared. When the output
word was assembled the D/PAD signaled via a word sync line that the
information on the 16 parallel data lines then represented valid data.
Since nine telemetry bits were used to compose the output word, the out-
put rate was one 16-bit word every 8.6 microseconds or 1.86 mega-bits/s.
b. CAMAC Crate Controller. The controller was a Bi-Ra model 1302
type A-2.
c. Micro-Programmable Branch Driver (MBD). The MBD was a 300 ns
programmable processor. Software for this unit was downline loaded from
the host computer at startup time. The MBD's function was to readout
the CAMAC memory module transferring the data via direct memory access
(DMA) into a global data buffer area in the host computer's memory. At
startup time the host computer gave the MBD the starting address of the
global data buffers and control information. This data structure was
composed of a 4-word (16-bit words) control area followed by five 6400
word data buffers. The first 6144 words of each buffer contained data
transfers from the MBD (i.e., six of the 1024 word CAMAC memories). The
last 256 words of each buffer contained the time stamp and buffer spe-
cific control information. The MBD was notified that a CAMAC memory
bank was full by a LAM (look at me) interrupt signal. The MBD then read
out and transferred the data to the host computer's memory. Each 1024
word transfer continued into successive location in the host's memory
until 6144 words had been transferred. When one of the buffers had been
filled the MBD notified the host via an I/O interrupt and then
calculated a new starting transfer address by skipping over the 256-word
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 55
time and control area or by returning to the first buffer if the fifth
one was just filled. The interrupt rate to the host was about once
every 52.5 milliseconds.
d. .DATUM 9310 Time Code Generator/Translator. The time code
translator took in an analog time signal and translated it to a digital
form. In the TAURUS application we operated the DATUM in demand-
response mode. When the acquisition software made a request for a time
stamp it was returned three 16-bit words that contained the time to a
tenth of a millisecond. The format of the words was:
Component W
ord
Bits
Hundreds of Days
2
12-15
Tens of Days
2
8-11
Units of Days
2
4-7
Tens of Hours
2
2-3
Units of Hours
2
0-1
1
14-15
.Tens of Minutes
1
11-13
Units of Minutes
1
7-10
Teas of Seconds
1
4-6
Units of .Seconds
1
0-3
Hundreds of Milliseconds
3
12-15
Tens of Milliseconds
3
8-11
Units of Milliseconds
3'
4-7
Tenth of Milliseconds
3
0-3
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 56
e. Host Computer System. Each of the two host computers was a
Digital Equipment Corp.. VAX 11/750. Each VAX was equipped with 4 mega-
bytes of memory, and floating point accelerator. Each machine had two
UNIBUSes and a single MASSBUS. The MBD was attached to the host via one
of the UNIBUSes while the other UNIBUS was used for a RA81 disk, the
DATUM Time Code device, and real time display ,and control terminals.
There was also a TU77 tape' drive on each system attached via the
MASSBUS.
4.1.3 Software. The software fell into three categories: 1) the
code that was downline loaded into the MBD, 2) the device driver for the
MBD; and 3) the host resident real time code. '
a. MBD Code. The MBD was programmed in MBD assembly language.
This was cross assembled using a MACRO library originally developed at
the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) and later refined at the
Tri University Nuclear Laboratory (TUNE) located at Duke University.
The code was downline loaded by a FORTRAN program using facilities of
the MBD driver (see below). The functions of the MBD, code called
TARDAP (Taurus Data Acquisition Program), were described in the MBD
hardware section above.
b. Device Driver. The VAX MBD device driver, called CXDRIVER, was
obtained from TUNE. The TAURUS version was modified to support buffered
.data paths and multiple outstanding I/O requests. The driver functioned
as the interface between CAMAC hardware and VAX software.
SECRET
1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
- SECRET
Taurus Field Report ~ NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 57
c, Host Resident Real Time Acquisition Code. The host resident
acquisition code consisted of a control module and an acquisition module
which communicated with the MBD via CXDRIVER.
c.l Control. When the control program was invoked it. created
three subprocesses which it. awned for the duration of the experiment.
These were the data acquisition module (ACQUIRE), the Data Archival
Module (ARCHIVE), and the Real Time Analysis Module (RTANL). When all
processes were started Control presented a menu on the involking termi-
nal.. (See Operations section below for description of this menu.) This
menu allowed the user to start, pause, and halt the experiment. In
addition, it allowed the user to pass process modification requests to
the archival and analysis modules.
c.2 ACQUIRE. When ACQUIRE was told by the user via Control to
start the experiment (or resume following a pause) it first generated
two I/O requests through CXDRIVER to the MBD. It-then waited for an
interrupt from the MBD. Upon receipt of a "buffer full" interrupt from
the MBD, ACQUIRE took the. following actions:
i. -Generated another I/O request to the MBD. This was done to
.insure that the I/O queue was always at least one deep for the
MBD. If this were. not done, ACQUIRE would not be able to keep
up with the MBD (recall that the MBD needs a new I/O request
within 6 milliseconds and it took in excess of 10 milliseconds
to generate another).
ii. ACQUIRE then requested a time stamp from the DATUM time code
translator. This time code along with a count of the accumu-
lated number of buffers processed and a logical buffer number
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 58
(1 to 5) were placed in the diagnostic portion (last 256
words) of the data buffer.
iii. ACQUIRE notified the data archiver and analysis codes as to
the availability and location of the data. Note if the "W"
switch was in the off position ARCHIVE was not notified. (See
Operations section for details.)
iv. ACQUIRE then waited for another interrupt from the MBD.
When ACQUIRE received a pause command it purged all MBD I/0, told
the user the current buffer processed counts and waited for a resume (G)
.command. When ACQUIRE received a halt command it waited for all I/O to
complete, gave the user a buffer processed count, and then. terminated.
4.1.4 Operations. To begin processing, the user logged onto the
command terminal as CAMAC and typed the command SETUP. This caused the
following actions.
1. The MB~D was downline loaded.
2. The control task was started.
3. Control started the subprocesses: ACQUIRE, ARCHIVE, and Real
Time Analysis.
4. Control displayed the following menu:
Enter G when ready to start or resume
Enter D to toggle display status, W to toggle write status
Graphics display is ON Archive is OFF MM:SS time
The last line of the menu reflected the status of process control
switches and gave the minutes and seconds from the last time stamp.. The
display switch (D) told the analysis module whether to do graphic data
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 59
display or not. Entering a D would change this switch. .The write.
switch (W) told the ACQUIRE module whether it should inform ARCHIVE when
data was available. Entering a W toggled this switch.
When the user was ready to start acquiring data, a G was entered.
Control then told ACQUIRE to enable the data stream and then display the
following menu:
Run started,
Eater H to halt P to pause C to clear displays
D to toggle display status
W to toggle write status
' Graphics display in ON ARCHIVE is OFF MM:SS time
The last .line of this menu was identical to the first menu. At fany time
while the experiment was running the user could enter a C. This was
passed to the- analysis code as a request for a new page on the graphics
outputs. Entering a P would cause ACQUIRE to stop the data stream, and
then CONTROL would redisplay~to the first menu. Entering an H would
cause CONTROL to .signal all subprocesses to terminate. Status informa-
tion would then be displayed on the console by each of the modules as
they terminated. When all subprocesses have terminated CONTROL would
them terminate.
4.2 Payload Real Time Data Archiving
4.2.1 Purpose. The real time data ARCHIVE's purpose was to cap-
ture all the data given it by the real time acquisition code and trans-
4.2.2 Environment. The ARCHIVE code operated as a subprocess of
the real time acquisition control process described above. Its input
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV?83-12
Page 60.
came from global data buffers resident in the VAX memory. Its output
was to a file resident on a RA81 disk.
4.2.3 Processing Method. When ARCHIVE was first started by CON-
TROL it tested to see if its output file existed. If it didn't, it
would create and preformat .the file. For processing speed, ARCHIVE
insisted that the file be contiguous. The size of the file was dictated
by the variable REC NUM in ARCHIVE. For TAURUS, that value was 22,800
which allowed ARCHIVE to store approximately 20 minutes of data. If
more than 20 minutes of data was presented to ARCHIVE, it .simply
"wrapped around" and continued from the beginning of the file again.
Once ARCHIVE had its output file open it signaled CONTROL that it
was ready and then waited for ACQUIRE to signal that data was available.
ACQUIRE signaled the availability of data by setting a common event flag
which served as an "alarm clock" for ARCHIVE. The number (1 to 5) of
the current buffer would have been placed in a variable, BUFF POINT, by
ACQUIRE prior to awakening ARCHIVE. ARCHIVE checked to see if the last
I/O for this buffer had been completed. If it had not, ARCHIVE counted
a disk overrun error and went back to "sleep."
If the last I/O was complete, a new asynchronous I/O was scheduled
for this buffer. The I/O request specified that a block of ARCHIVE's
code, called WRITE AST, be invoked on I/O completion.
ARCHIVE then compared the accumulated buffer processed count to its
prior value to determine if any data had been missed. If one or more
buffers were skipped, the number was added to the "buffers missed"
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET _
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 61
When an I/O operation completed, WRITE AST was invoked. This
routine checked the success of the write. If there was an error, a
write error counter was incremented.
When the user requested shutdown via the Halt command to CONTROL,
ARCHIVE waited until all its disk I/O was done and then displayed the
following counts: .
1. Number of buffers written
2. Number of wrap grounds
3. Number of I/O errors
4. Number of disk overruns '
5. Number of buffers missed.
If no errors occur, Items 3, 4, and 5 would be .zero.. Item 1 should
agree with the buffer .write request count display by ACQUIRE. Item 2
tells how many times 20 minutes of data time was' exceeded and the file
was restarted.
4.3 Real Time Data Display
4.3.1 Purpose. The purpose of the real time data display was toe
provide a continuous graphic and printed summary of the data received
during the rocket flight.
-4.3.2 Environment.. The real time analysis code, RTANL, operated
as a subprocess of the real time acquisition control process described
above. Its input .came from the global data buffers in the VAX memory.
The output was-sent to two graphics terminals and a liae~printer.
4.3.3 Program Operation. Each time RTANL was started, the ini-
tialization section was run. The functioning of this section were:
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV?83-12
Page 62.
1. Prompt the user for the plot scale factors. Default values'
(described in Sec.. 4.3.4 below) appropriate for the anticipated
data were provided, or alternative values might be supplied.
2. The user determined from which of the four gamma detectors data
would be plotted.
3. The 'plot files were initialized; axes, grids, and label were
drawn. The Los Alamos National Laboratory Common Graphics
System Library (CGS) was used for the plotting. Plots appeared
on the screens of the two auxiliary graphics terminals, one
devoted to neutron data, the other to gamma data.
4. Counters and indices were initialized. Numerous constants were
precomputed.
S. Headings for the analog displays were written to the line .
printer.
When initialization was complete, the program waited for a signal from
ACQUIRE indicating that data were available in the VAX memory.
RTANL read the 6400-word buffers and processed all complete main-
frames in them. (There were approximately 74 main-frames to a buffer,
fractional frames at the ends are ignored). Some percentage of the
buffers was always missed. Because of the high data acquisition rate
there was no "dead-time" for calculations and plotting. The buffers
were numbered internally, so the number of missed buffers could be
determined.
Time was determined by counting buffers:
6144 words/buffer - 116508 words/s = 0.05273 s/buffer.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Releasffe 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~~V~~ I
Taurus Field Report NSF/ACV:83-12
Page 63
Some plots were made every 76 buffers (including missed buffers),
.(4.0078 s). Other plots and the printed output occurred at every tenth
4-second plot. The plot times were user selectable during RTAL ini-
tialization, 4 and 40 were defaults.
4.3.4. Data Analysis.--"-The terminology below- is that used is Table
3.2 (TAURUS Main Frame Telemetry Assignments) and Table 3.3 (TAURUS
Analog Subcom Assignments). Each main frame word contained 16. bits. In
the notation of RTANL bit 1 was the most significant, bit 16 was the.
least significant. Bit 1 was always the parity bit. When bit 1 = 1,
the data were suspect .and ignored. The frame number (0-31) was always
in bits 4-8, data were in bits 9-16.
On all plots, -the vertical axis represented time, increasing up-
wards. The plots were scaled for 600 s of data or a value selected by
the user during initialization. Both graphics screens contained two
plots. Singles and coincidences vs time were plotted in the left half,
spectra in the right half. The beginning of each 83 words_of the hexa-
decimal form nnFA and nn31. There were words 0 and 1 of the main frame.
,The following data were displayed in real time.
1. Neutron Singles
The neutron 3He singles counts were in bits 9-16 of main frame
word 11. The counts were summed over the 4-s intervals (default) and at
the end of each the average counts/frame was computed and scaled by the
factor 0.5 x 1404 frames/s (default). These numbers (counts/s) were
plotted against time (in seconds) on the "neutron screen."
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 64
2. Neutron Coincidences
When neutron coincidences occurred, bit 16 of the neutron PHA
words was turned on. The number of coincidences in each 40-s plot
interval was averaged over the total .number of PHA words used and
scaled by the factor 0.5 x 18 words/frame x 1404 frames/s. The result-
ing coincidences/s were plotted vs time on the "neutron screen."
3. Neutron 16-Channel Pulse Height Spectra
The energy channel numbers (0-15) were in bits 9-12 of the neutron
PHA words. The occurrences of each channel number were tallied over
each 40-s plot interval. The data were scaled by the default factor 30
s/count. The spectra (occurrences vs channel number) were plotted on
the "neutron screen," using a linear scale at a vertical position dis-
placed according to the plotting time.- Thus, the spectra were stacked
onto a single plot.
4. Gamma Singles
There were four detectors measuring gamma singles, which were all
selected for plotting during the initialization phase of RTANL. The
data were in bits 9-16 of main frame words 20, 29, 38, or 47. These
data were treated in the same way as the neutron singles and were plot-
ted on the "gamma screen" at 4-s intervals. The default scaling factor
was 1404 frames/s.
5. Gamma 255-Channel Pulse Height Spectra
The energy channel numbers (1-255) were in bits 9-16 of the gamma
PHA words of the main frame. The detector selected during the ini-
tialization phase of RTANL was used for the spectrum data. The
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 65
occurrences of each channel number were tallied over each 40-s plot
interval. The numbers of occurrences were plotted against channel num-
ber on the "gamma screen." The data were scaled by the default factor
1.00 and each spectrum was plotted using a linear scale at a vertical
position displaced according to the time.
6. Particle Singles
Two plastic 'scintillators, Pl and P2, measured particles with ener-
gies in the range between 200 keV and 5 MeV. Single counts from P1 and
P2 are in bits 9-16 of main frame words 56 and 65, respectively. These
data are treated in the same way as-the neutron singles and are plotted
on the "gamma screen" using the symbols A and B at 4-s intervals.
7. P1 and P2 Coincidences
The P1 and P2 coincidences were indicated by bits 9-12 of the P1
PHA and P2 PHA words. If any of these 8 bits was on, a coincidence
was tallied. The totals were accumulated for 40 s, averaged over the
number of frames used, scaled by a default factor of 1404 frames/s and
plotted on the "gamma screen" on a logarithmic scale.
8. Analog Subcom Data
The analog subcom data (main frame word 74) were printed every 4 s
on the line printer. The data printed were the voltages and tempera-
tures corresponding to the analog data for. frames 0-13 and 16-17. The
minimum and maximum values of each variable in each 4-s interval were
printed.
9. Data Sync
In the large buffers we expected 74.02 frames on the average. A
running ratio of frames/buffer actually observed to this expected valve
SECAEi
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
was computed and printed every 4 s. The valve printed was actually
1.0 minus the ratio.
10. Quality of Data
In each frame 35 of the 83 words were looked at by RTANL. The total
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 66
number of these words was tallied. The number of bad words (bit 1 = 1)
was also tallied and 1 minus the ratio printed every 4 s.
4.3.5 Termination of RATANL. At the end. of the experiment, when
the Halt command was given to CONTROL, RTANL was stopped and there was
displayed on the screen the number of buffers missed and the percentage
of data lost.
4.4 Post Flight Data Analysis
4.4.1 AFTERSHOT Program - Overview. AFTERSHOT is an interactive
Fortran program written for the VA%-11 to analyze and plot TAURUS data
after the shot. The program is designed to permit the data to be anal-
yzed in many different ways. The following files are used. All are, on
the directory (CAMAC.SOURCE).
AFTERSHOT.COM Command file to run AFTERSHOT.
To run AFTERSHOT type:
AFTERSHOT
The command file prompts for one of three options:
a. Run only (no compile or link),
b.. Compile, link, and run,
c. Compile and link in debug mode, run.
AFTERSHOT.FOR AFTERSHOT Fortran program, required only if
changes are to be made.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report ~ NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 67
AFTERSHOT.FIX A small file included in the executable program, ,
required only if changes are made in the
AFTERSHOT.FOR file.
AFTERSHOT.EXE Executable version of AFTERSHOT. `This file must be
remade if changes are made in AFTERSHOT.FOR or
AFTERS~OT.FIX.
The input data is on the disk file (CAMAC.DATA)~TAURUS.DAT. This is the
-raw data from the experiment and is an enormous file. All other input
is entered from the terminal when requested by the program. Conventions
used. in entering input are given below.
Default values are almost always provided and can be obtained by
typing "RETURN." .
When there is a choice of letters (e.g., A, B, C = def)`type
"A" io get option A, type "B" to get option B. Any other charac-
ter (or "RETURN") will get option C.
When there is a choice of numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3 = def) a "RETURN"
cannot usually be used--some number must by typed. Type "1" to
get option 1, type "2" to get option 2. Any other number will
get option 3.
When default numbers are integers, integers must be typed. When
default numbers are real, real numbers (i.e., numbers with decimal
points)- must be typed.
Upper case letters must be typed.
When more than one item is selected, the items must be separated
by commas or blanks. (e.g., ABC or A,B,C)
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 68
The program contains four main sections.
SET UP -
In this section .the time interval containing the data to be anal-
yzed is selected.
READ DATA
In this section the raw data (for the time to be analyzed) is read
from the disk. The types of data to be worked with are selected
and extracted from- the total data. Each type of data read is
stored in a "data block."
PLOT PREPARATION
In this section the data blocks are prepared for plotting. Each
.prepared block (sometimes several from a single data block) is a
"plot block."
PLOT
The plot blocks may be plotted as general plots (data vs time,
channel number or energy). The plot blocks may be least squares
fitted to a variety of functions and plotted. Some plot blocks may
be plotted as histograms.
4.4.2 Set UP Section.
FATE OF PLOTS
Plots may be sent to the terminal (default), to a GG5 metafile
(which can be saved for film processing), or both.
EARLIEST TIME ON FILE
The data file contains only the last 20 minutes of data (22800
buffers). Because of the wrap-around feature; the latest data
SECRET
i
s
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~ ~t~~t i .
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 69
may be at the beginning of the file and the earlier data at the
end. Somewhere on the file there will be an earliest record.
(It is expected that there will be no wrap-around and that the
earliest record. will be record 1. The actual wrap-around
features. of the code have not been checked out).
It is necessary to provide the Julian day, hour, minutes, and
seconds associated with the earliest record. When these are
established they can be put -into the program by changing the
data statement values of BEGIN-DAY, BEGIN-HOUR, BEGIN-MINUTE,
BEGIN-SECOND. These become default values.
START AND STOP TIMES OF ANALYSIS '
The start and stop times of data to be analyzed must be entered
in seconds. The times are determined as follows:
Find the time of interest during the experiment as re-
corded from the terminal. These times are in minutes and
seconds corresponding to the time stamp on the data.
Convert the values to seconds.
Find the .hour during which the data was taken (i.e.,
. BEGIN HOUR) and convert this to seconds.
Add the 2 numbers to get total seconds. This is the
start time.
Add the number of seconds to be analyzed to get the atop
time:
The plot time interval DELTAT, is the time (in seconds)
over which data is to be accumulated. The accumulated
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 70
data is plotted. For example, if the start and stop
times are 4300 and 4500 seconds, and DELTAT is 2 seconds,
plot points containing 2 seconds of
data will occur every
2 seconds, 100 points total.
4.4.3 Read .Data Section.
DATA TO BE EXTRACTED FROM THE DISK FILE
There are 16 types of data avilable.
As many as are
desired may be selected, but all selected at one time
should be compatible with the time interval and DELTAT.
Typically, singles data
requires a long interval and a
small DELTAT, while PHA data uses a short time interval
and DELTAT equal to the
Neutron Singles
Gamma-1 Singles
Gamma-2 Singles
Gamma-3 Singles
Gamma-4 Singles
P-1 Singles
P-2 Singles
Neutron PHA
Gamma-1 PHA
Famma-2 PHA
Gamma-3 PHA
Gamma-4 PHA
P-1 PHA
P-2 PHA
Gamma+P
Analog
Note: If "Neutron PHA" is selected, there will be an
option of accumulating total counts (plastic singles) or
channel data (spectral). Also, "Neutron Singles" data
will be read. Note: If "Gamma+p PHA" is selected
SECRET
interval. The 16 types of data
i
1
i
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~ ,tL~t ~
spectrum data from 1 of 6 detectors (4 Gamma, 2 P) will
be, accumulated, subject to 1 or more constraints in an
event table, described below. The program prompts for
both the detector and the event table constraints.
If .an' error is made, the opportunity to try again is
.provided. The actual data reading is done by Subroutine
READALL.
RECORDS TO BE READ
The actual records to be read can be either entered
directly or calculated from the start and stop times.
The calculation is valid only if the data is continuous,
that is; no gaps in time during the data acquisition.
(There are approximately 19 records/s of data).
The program shows the record selected and the corres-
ponding time.
The program will ask if the record is correct; if not
.another record may be chosen.. If the record selected is
correct, the program provides the opportunity to modify
the times of the analysis. These opportunities consti-
tute a little game to bring records and times together.
In addition, continuous and interruptible reading options
are provided. The interruptible option permits ending
the reading at the end of any 20 second time period.
-The times of each record read may be printed at the
terminal.
Approximately 20 seconds of data may be read in one pass.
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 71
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV?83-12
' Page 72.
4.4.4 Plot Preparation Section. The available data blocks are
displayed, each with a number. The blocks to be prepared for plotting
are selected by number.
Note: If the "Neutron PHA" block is selected, the "Neutron (3He)
Singles" will also be selected and will be prepared first.
One or more of several plot preparation subroutines will be
called.
SINGLES
SINGLES prepares singles data and neutron PHA count data (plastic
singles) for plotting.
Two plot blocks are produced for each data block.
a. Measured Counts (raw data) vs time,
b. True Counts vs time
where True Counts = Measured Counts corrected for measure-
ment time, dead time, detector area and efficiency.
Printed output data of Measured Counts Dead Time Counts,
True Counts and Statistical Weights is prepared.
NUPHA
NUPHA prepares neutron PHA channel data for plotting vs chan-
nel number or energy.
For each time interval (typically, there is only 1) 4 plot
arrays are set up:
a. Coincidence counts spectrum
b. Total counts spectrum
c. Chance coincidence spectrum
d. True counts spectrum
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
i..: ~tL~tl~
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 73
A factor FUDGE maybe calculated or entered to normalize (d)
to (c).
GAMPHA
GAMPHA prepares Gamma PHA spectra for plotting. A plot block
is prepared for -each time (usually only -one) in the data
block.
PLASPHA
PLASPHA prepares P PHA spectra for plotting. A plot block is
prepared for each time (usually only 1) in the data block.
GPALL prepares the Gamma+P coincidence data for plotting. -Two
plots may be made--a spectrum for one?of .the detectors and a
histogram to the' event table for either of the P detectors.
There are six detectors- for spectra that may be plotted--4
gamma and 2 P.
The event table consists of 16 combinations of coincidences
for each P-detector, and accumulates the number of events of
each type.
ANALOG
ANALOG prepares analog subcom data for plotting and printing.
The option of using either raw data or data converted to
physical ,quantities ?(temperatures, voltages, etc) is provided.
Minimum, maximum, and average values are printed and plotted
as functions of time. -
SECHEi
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 74
4.4.5 PLOTS.
Set up X-axis
The program provides for plots vs time, channel number,
energy, or histogram plots. All or part of the available
data may be plotted.
Plot blocks to plot
Any or all of the prepared plot blocks may be plotted on
a single plot. -The available plot blocks are displayed,
along with the maximum value of the data in each, which
is used for setting up the y-axis.
Subroutine BULLPLT is called to produce "general plots" of
data vs time, channel number, or energy. Subroutine HISTOPLT
is called to plot histograms of the Gamma+P Event Table.
The data may be fit to any of 7 functions. This is done by
Subroutine BULLFIT. A confusing number of options exist.
The 7 functions 'are exponentials, Gaussian distributions,
Lorentzian distribution and a garabola.
The data may be fit to a function in one or two sections. For
example, the data on both sides of a peak may be fitted to a
function, with the peak not included in the fit. A background
function may be computed and subtracted from the data (and the
difference fitted).- The background function may be a previous
fit, the sum of several previous fits, or 0. The actual
fitting calculation is done by Subroutine REGRES. The plot-
ting is done by Subroutine BPLOTID.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
V~~~~
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 75
5.0 PRELAUNCH OPERATIONS
5.1 Schedule
Figure 5.1 shows the Field activity schedule used for the TAURUS
operation. Activities concerning another payload (MAGSPACS) which was
flown prior to TAURUS, _are.__also...included._. Some. deviations from the
schedule occurred when it was necessary to work around the problems that
occurred as a normal part of .the operation. The only significant change
was a 24-hour delay from the original planned launch time of 1600 hours
(local time) September 22. This slip occurred because of a last minute
open circuit in the rocket umbilical cord and probably resultant minor
anomoly is the telemetry encoder, a commercial unit routinely used for
rocket and satellite systems. This slip did not significantly detract
from the .success of the mission. In an operational scenario, launch
would have been delayed until the next opportunity some seven days
later.
5.2. Payload Tests.. A large number of payload tests were per-
formed during prelaunch field operation. These tests occurred in a
hierarchical structure proceeding in general from the most fundamental
level with the instruments connected to PIDAS units, to the most ad-
vanced levels with all flight and ground system integrated as time
progressed.
The PIDAS tests accomplished checkout of the instruments independ-
ent of other system elements. The PIDAS units simulate the TM--
instrument interface and log and display data from all instrument chan-
nels. These tests were performed with and without radioactive source
stimulation of the instruments. Procedures and data recording occurred
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 76
Y ? r r r
? r r r
w
~-
?
~ O
'r
>sl.i
a? r
! ~ r
--- ~ w ~ w w-?w ? ._.._ .. w
? ~
w ~ o ~ : w ~ w
.ri i i i: w r.~ r~. s v w w w ~ i .ri ~ ~~
S S ~ i S Y d r .i ? Y ! ? ! ~ .a . ! .i
! Y ? 0 ~
? i ~ ! ~ s
? ! ;- ~ ?
~ Y ~ ~
? ~ ? ?~ ~
r ~ O O .O
s s Y Y u
q..
~~~
i s i
i~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
O O O w w' O r r
~ ~ ~ i ! ~ s ?
SECRET
r ~ w ?
~ii.l+
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~. ,t~t~
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 77
per a test plan written prior to field deployment. The objective of
this level of test was to verify that instrument performance in the
field was identical to that before shipment.
The next higher level of testing was a system test on a primitive
level with no- RF link. This test is designed to answer 4 fundamental
questions:
1. Is the interface safe for the instruments?
2. Are the voltage levels correct? '
3. Can the instrument be exercised correctly through
the umbilical port?
4. Are the TM timing pulses correct?
This primitive level of system test was performed per a test plan
written prior to field deployment.
A full range of higher level system tests was performed with
varying parts of the flight and ground equipment .included as time
progressed. All of these tests included a RF link and either included
data readout directly from a DEPAD CRT ,or full data recording through
one of two computers as fit the needs of the test.
The highest level of testing was the "full-up" systems test. These
tests. evaluated all systems, including: ,
1. TM link from, pad 19 through the 15 ft dish and 4 receivers.
2. Command RF link.
3. Power and payload control through umbilical.
4. Data acquisition through both computers.
5. Instrument stimulation from sources.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
:SECRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 78
6. Fire bridge wires, simulate vehicle event sensors,
instrument commands through command link..
Several dry runs were performed which were in effect full-up systems
tests and countdown practices combined. These tests were designed to
identify logistic flaws in the countdown script as well as to prove that
all systems could perform according to the necessary sequence.
6.U LAUNCH OPERATIONS
6.1 Countdown
The two terminal countdown procedures used for this launch are
attached to this section. The first listing, Table 6.1, covers all
range and vehicle operations. The second document Table 6.2 covers the
payload in detail. The two countdowns were coordinated to provide a
common set of milestones.
The actual countdown proceeded on schedule with no significant
departures from the plan.
TAURUS participants are listed in Table 6.3.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Releasl!e 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~.~ JLV~~
Taurus Field Report
Ir
TABLE 6.1
RANGE TERMINAL COUNTDOWN
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 79
------------NOTES TO KAUAI TEST FACItiTY.?000NTG06dN CHECKLISTS----------------
t. TIMES SHOWN FOR LINE ITEMS ARE THE TIMES BY MHICH THESE ACTIVITiEB 5HO!!LD
NOP,MwLLY BE COMPLETED TO ALLOW THE ORDERLY PRGGP.ESSION OF THE OPERATION:
IF AN ACTIVITY CANNOT FE COMPLETED BY THE SPECIFIED TIME, THE TEST
CONDUCTOR A5 SOON A5 THE SITUATION IS RECGGF1I=cU
SO THAT CONTINGENCY PLANS MA'f BE ADOPTED IF POSSIBLE.
2. THE CHECKLIST IS DISPLAYED ON VIDEO MONITORS AT K.EY PLACES ARO!!NG THE
SITE. THE TIMES SHOWN ON THE DISPLAY REPRESENT THE TIME LEFT IN iaHIGH
TG COr~PLETE THE I TEM Ors SCHEDULE .
C!~RRENT 1JORLG TIME IS GISPLAYEC> IN THE UPPER RIGHT HANC> CORNER, THE
TIME TO CO IS DISPLAYED AFTEF. THE OPEkATION NUMBER IN THE TOP C.EtJTEP ~~F
THE SCREEN.
.,. TIME INDICATIONS AP,E TRUNCATED TO PP.Ot'IDE ADEQUATE RESOLUTION WITHO!!T
UNDUE t?ISPLAY CLUTTEP. AS FOLLOk~S, ?
TIMES OF LESS THAN ONE DAY BUT MOPE THAN ONE HOUR ANG THIRTY MItJUTE':~
ARE GIVEN IN HOUk:S ANG WHOLE MIH!iTE:?.
TIMES LESS THAN ONE HOUR ANG THIF?TY MINUTE: ANG GREATER THAN FIFTEEN
MINUTES ARE LIVEN IN MINUTE:? ANG SECC-NGS.
TIMES OF FIFTEEN MINUTE? OR LESS AP..E GIVEN IN SE~_ONG~.
4. CHEGk'LIST ITEMS INCLU[yE, FROM LEFT TG RICNT;
A LINE NUMBER USED EY THE COMFUTEF: TG KEEP ITEM~? IN GPGEF.
THE TIME LEFT TO ACCOMPLISH THE TASK,
THE ITEM NUMBER TO BE USED WHEN REPOP,TINC COMPLETION OF A TASk;.
IDENTIFICATION OF PERSON DIRECTING OR CLEARING INITIATION OF A TA P, k;,
USUALLY THE TE57 CONC!UGTOP...
IDENTIFICATION OF THOSE WHO WILL ACCOMPLISH THE TASr.:.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TASK.
5. WHEN A TASK IS FINISHED THE PERSON PEP.FORMING IT 5H0!!LC REPORT Ti?
THE TC AS FOLLOWS; "CHECk ITEM _", < THE ITEM NUMBER IS GIVEN TG THE
RIGHT OF THE TIME.)
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 80
OPEkATIC~
GOUt~TD4blhi CESIGNATOP..
NAL ASSIGNMENTc~, TA~JFcU~ I
A?SIGNMENT
Nr+t?!E
OPERAT I C~N~: MANAGEk
HC1E~?f~
SCIENTIFIC ADNISC~k.
EWAN~?
~OPERATION:~ SUPEF..VISOR
ENG
MI55ION
OIREGTUR
JEFFP.:E=~
AERn
PROJECT
AER.GGYNAMICIST
RC~LL?TIf1
ANTGO
ANTENNA
S'fSTEM8 GQFITF..QL
rihvC?E?=?!~-a
AP
AREA PATROL
CNt~!tTE
BC
8QQ5TEP,
GQNTRQL
8a?1c'L ~Ek i
BR
BaLLO4N
kELEASE
At': i ~ ~
CMG
COMMAtJ.~
TRANBMITTEF:S
G~JEN
GQMP
COMPUTER
SYSTEMS CONTk.GL
FINt~ELL
E:{CO
EXPERIMENT COORDINATOR
St:AP.LETT
? F5C
FLIGHT SAFETY COORDINATOR
BAF?T4N
GsE
GROUND SY~TEM.S
MPF.:T7NE~
La
LAUNCHEF
CONTROL
b+?Lk:ER
MAET
MISSILE
ACCIC?ENT TEAM AGdISOF:
iJALkEF
M[+
MI551ON
DIF..ECTOF
JEFFkIE'
PC
FAC+ CHIEF
CUkTIc
PLAG
PAYLOAD
CONTROL
MII;!'
PF'E
PAYLOAD
PROJECT ENi;IftEEF.
Lf+Tlri
FREC
TARGET & PREDICTION GOMF?UTEF
MILL~kG
R.AC>RF
WIND RA[+AR
GIFSi=~;:'~!~~
RECD
RECEIVING 6 REGOF:DING
ST+_~{h:EFT
RECVY
REGGVEF..'?r SYSTEtiS & OFEFrTii~!~:~
JGHti_:JN:'
Er+HLMr?!+
TC
TEST CONDUCTOR
HNY
TU
TEc?T C?IRECTOR
c'IvG
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 I Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
JL~~~
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 81
-00 05 01 00 000 TAURUS I LAUNCH
-00 05 00 00 000 -------TAURUS I TASY, t - VEHICLE ?ND PHtIGE PEEP:--------
-00[05 l?0 00 000 t-i ALL STATION TIME 1100 LOCAL
-00 05 00 30 OOt-.VV05
-00 04 59.55 000 VV07
-00 04 59 50 000 VV08
-00 04 59 45 000 1-2 ~ TG/ PPE ADJUST P/L E~ALLAST
-00 04 30 00 ?000 1-3 TC/ PC PERFORM NOSE ODOR INIT. RESIST t93t1T.
-OU 04 00 20 000 VV01
-GO 04 00 15 000 VV02
-00 04 00 10 000 VV70
-00 04 00 00 OSO VV04
-00 03 59 40.000 VV06
-00 03 59. 3S 000 VV07
-04 03 50 00 000 1-4 TC PERFORM GOUNTDO4~f?1 NET CHECF;S
-GG G-s 50 00 G00 1-5 TC/ ALL VEP,IFY ALL STATIONS PEHGY FC?F GHc~:4':OUT
-OG 03 50 00 000. 1-6 TD
-00 03 50 00 000 1-7 AEkO
-00 0-s 50 00 000 1-8 ANTENFJ? CONTk.t+L
-00 03 50 00 000 1-9 r BOOSTEF CONTROL
-00 03 50~ 00 C00 1-10 - GOMM?ND TR?tJSMITTERS
-UU 03 50 00 000 1-11 COhiFUTEk
-00 4s SU 00 000 1-12 EXPEkIMENT'COOk.C!IN?TOk
-00 03 50 00 000 1-13 FLIGHT SAFETY GGORC+INATC+t%
-00 03 50 00 000 1-14 MISSION DIRECTOR
-00 03 50 00 000 1=15 PAG CHIEF
-OC? 03 50 00 000 1-16 PLAO ?
-UO G3 5G ClC CLOSE TASti 3 -
-OC Ot 31 OU 000 ------TAURUS I TASK. 4 - PJL PkEPS ~. SOOSTEF ?F..MJt~C------
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 . f. _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _
..,..~......,........- s. ~,..ud,: _.._;r_=.. = -.ys~-,z,..aY~a.-ss..:~-..........~.sm~s.~~..ce...:s,:x....::a..~-..e.E...~.......,..a.,,.,...-......._..~., ,,,..,~..~..,..-.~..,.- . _... ULE AkrsiNG
4-6 TC! PC,BG CONNECT BOOSTER FIRE UMEILICAL
4-7 TD/ MD VERIFY STUTUS & AUTHOk.ITY TO PRC+~EEU
4-8 7Cr PPE, PC VERIFY READY TO MOVE LAUNGHEF..
4-9 TC/ PC,LA PLACE LAUNCHEF, IN kEMOTE ~ VEF'IFY
4-10 TC/ PC CLEAR ALL PEP,SONNEL TO SAFE AF,Eci
4-1 f TC: LA ELEVATE LAUFJCHEk TO 79.5 GE+~F:EE
4-12 TG CLEAR PC 6 EC TO PAG
4-13 PC REMOVE LAUNCHER BOOM SUPPORTS
VV21
VV22
4-14 PC kEMOVE F: L SUPPORT STkriP
4-15 TC! FC,BG INSTALL BOOSTER FIRIfJG M;EY PLUi;
4-tE. PC VERIFY PAU AREA READ'9 FOR. LA!tNCH
4-1-r PC RETURN T[+ UOGK AP,EH
4-18 AP VERIFY LHUitCF? Af`EA CLEAR Y:.GNTE LC+Ct;EG
4-19 TG CLOSE TFSt, IV INATOk
* FLIGHT SAFETY GOGRDINATOR
* LAUNCHER. CONTP,OL
* PAYLOAD COi~TROL
* PAYLOAC~ PROJECT ENGINEEk
* TAP,t:ETING i~ PF'EUIGTION
* F..ECEIVING~ P..Ei;OP,DiNG
6-2 TG/ AP VERIFY S]TE INTEC:RITY & SAFET'?;
6-3 CMD PRIPiE Th TO L04i P04JEk i~ INITIAL AfJT POS
6-4 TG.' HERO
e.-5 TG
6-6 TC.~ BG
r:-? 6C
6-10 ANTCO
CONFIP.t1 PRELIM LGHP. SET 6 IMPi+CT GNTA
PA55 SETTIfiG 8. IMPAI'T DATA TO PMF:F
"PRELAI.~NCH ENABLE" ~ "kEt1CTE POIJER OfJ"
VERIFY "BSTR CONNECT" is< VISICOF'GER ON
ORIENT ANTENNA TG PRESET M t F'O:~ I T I Ott
oval
VV74
VV-r 3
VV32
-00 00 07 00 OGG
-00 GO Oa Oi 000
-00 00 05 30 000
-OG 00 GS 01 000
-00 00 05 00 000
-00 00 04 45 000
-OU 00 04 30 000
-GO 00 04 01 000
-00 00 04 00 G00
-00 00 03 45 Q00
-QO 00 03 30 OOu
-00 00 03 15 000
RR01
VV35
LL00
6-11 TD
6-12 PPE
6-1-s REDO
6-15 TC/'PPE
6-16 +ANTCO
6-17 AERO
6-18 TD
6-19 PPE
6-20 TC/ LA
6-21 TD
6-22 TD
6-23 TD
6-24 PPE/PLAO
6-25 PPE ?
6-26 TD/ TC
VERIFY AUTHORITY TO PROCEED A~ITH M['
CONFIRt9 PrL SYSTEMS ON, P,AvHF 6E~1:!iN ON
CONFIRM RECEIVING TELEMETERIt~G
CONFIRM FINAL LCHF, SETS & It?1PACT G-;TN
VEPIFY P.ANGE STATUS'
VERIFY P/L IS GO
SET LCHR TO FINAL 5ETTINGB 8 CONFIRM
PASS FINAL fiETTING f: IMPACT Di,Thi TO PM
VERIFY PMF,?F TkKG & DATA F..EGEIVIt~G
MD/PMRF FINAL CLEAkANCE TO LAUhIC:H
INITIATE P/L BATTEPIE:,
VERIFY P/L BATTEkIES
CCMP K.EY' TO "READY"
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 84
-GC 00
01
45
000
~
REVISION D
E?-28 FREh VERIFY THAT PR.E~ICTOP 15 PUNNING
-OC UO
U1
35
000
6-29 HERO VERIFY "MIN RHtJ~E IS RUNN:Ni; ANT FOR Ctit~. 7L.c~
9
800
VV57
+UO 00
02
5
*OG 00
03
00
000
6-49 TC /kECO START kECOk.UERS 2 A 4
+UO GU
03
59
8U0
VV5$
+UO UO
04
59
$OU
VV55
+GU GO
05
OU
000
6-50 AERO AGVIS? MEASUREMtNT RANi.E
+UG 00
OS
59
800
VV6U
+00 00
Ob
30
000
6-51 TC/ PPE ENABLE CMG It7-P!L SEF ~ N8-BNF,+~ AF. t?1
+00 00
06
39
735
0007
CMD A7 - P/L SEPN
+00 OG
Oo
49
735
etas
CMO A$ - 8AP,0 ARM
0
'
+00 OU
6
59
800
VVb1
+00.00
07
14
040
6-52 PLAO VERIFY P/L SEPN & 8?RO ARM CM[~~
+GU OG
07
3U
ODU
E?-53 TG CCMP KEY SIJITCH TO ":;i+FE"
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~ ~t~~ti
Taurus Field Report NSP/AGVs83-12
Page 85
+OA Ou U7
30
000 P.k00
REVISION D
+00
00
O7
54
800 VVb2
+Oi:
Gig
08
r9
8U0 VVb3
+00
00
09
Sg
f~00 VVb4
+GU
00
10
59
800 VV65
*OC
00
11
30
000 6-54
PLpO
VEk.IFY EHP.O CLOSE & HV OFF
+00
00
11.
59
800 VVb6
'
+00
QO
12
59
800 VVb7
+00
QO
1~
59
800 VV68
+00
00
15
00
000 6-55
REDO
CRLL REENTRY pNP L.Q.S.
*00
00
15
00
000 EEG2 END
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
S~t;i~ET
Taurus Field Report
TABLE 6.2
PAYLOAD TERMINAL COUNTDOWN
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 86
TAURUS ~'ERIMENT TERMINAL COUNT
~ NbR 5 4.10
NET 6 p.l 9/21/83
T - 36 min (-2160 aec)
1 PI ~ Ready for terminal count
2 ~ Ready for terminal count
T - 35 min (-2100 aec) (On NET 53 DATA - Ready fot terminal count
6-1 ALL Ready for terminal count
'~ EXPERIMENT COORDINATOR - -----_- - ----- _
* .- -
----PLAO -----__ . .
(Switch back to NET 6)
T - 20 min (-1200 sec)
6-11 TD
Verify Authotit to
y proceed with MD
T - 18 min (-1080 aec)
4
5
6
7
9
9
10
11
12
DATA
DATA
PI
PLAO
PLAO
PLAO
PLAO
PLAO
PLAO
Verify A ~ B Write OFF
A & B data programs GO
Verify A ~ 8 display ON
TLM ON
FM ON
Beacon ON
CMD FM ON -
N LV ON
G LV ON
6-12 ppE
T - 900 sec (-15 min>
13 EXCO PPE: P/L Systems ON/Beacon ON
Confirm P/L Systems ON, Radar Beacon ON
?
14
EE
Verify TLM quality
T - 720 sec (-12 min)
15
16
~
DATA
Verify analogs nominal
Clear screens
17
DATA
A & B write ON
18
PLAO
Turn HV1,HV2,HV3 ON
19
PLAO
Turn HV4,NV5,HV6 ON
20
EE
Verify ALL HV ON 6 analogs GO
21
PI
Verify G data nominal
22
PI
Verify N data nominal
23
PLAO
ZLrn.HV OFF
25
DATA
EE
A ~ B write OFF
Verify ALL FiV OFf' i analogs GO
T - 420 sec (-7 min)
6-15 PPE 26 EXCO PPE sPayload is GO
Verify All Payload Systems are GO
T - 360 aec (-6 min)
T - 330 sec (-5 nin 30 aec)
27
28
DATA
DATA
CLEAR screens
Computer GO
29
EE
Analogs GO
30
PI
D~nta GO
31-- -~?-
PLAO -
GO
32
EXCO
PPE: Payload is GO
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 204413/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
T - 270 see (-4 min 30 see)
6-19 PPE Verify P/L is GO
T -
Z40 sec'(-4 :in)
_-_____-_____._......33 _.. _ PL1-0 ___ __
Install _battery key plug
T -
180 sec (-3 min)
6-24 PPE/PLAO Initiate P/L batteries
34 PLAO
Initiate TLM BAT- i
-
35 PLAO
BAT
Initiate E)~
(call before -150 sec) 36 PLAO
Verify P/L batteries
6-25 PPE Verify P/L batteries
37
DATA
A ~ B write ON
3B
PLAO
TLM to INT
39
PLAO
E}~ to INT
40
PLAO
TLM-INT-PhOt
41
PLAO
External Phgt OFF
? 42
EXCO
PPE: P/L to "INTERNAL"
T - 120 sec (-2 min)
6-27 PPE
43 PLAO Ready to launch
44 PLAO SWITCH TO NET 5
45 DATA Ready to launch
46 PI Ready to launch
47_ ~ Ready to launch
48 EXCO PPE: Payload GO
- 40 sec
6-34 PPE Verify payload systems GO
T + 104 sec
rCommand 5 seats A HV ON
T + 109 sec
Command 6 sent: G HV ON
T + 114, sec
'T + 690 sec (+ll min 30 ,sec)
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 87
4.10 p.2 9/21/83
Verify P/L on~ "INTERNAL"
50
6-47 PPE - Verify all HV
T + 672 sec (NOMINAL' HV OFF TIl~)
EXCO
ON
Verify N HV ON
Verify G HV ON
PPE: Verify all HV ON
53 EE Verify HV OFF .
SECRET
?49 ?- DATA CLEAR screens
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
SECRET
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 88
N
anization
Or
Name
Organization
ame
g
Aiello, William P.
LANL
Kessel, D.
SNLA
Anderson, D. M.
SNLA
Langdon, J. B.
SNLA
Anderson, Richard C.
LANL
Latta, T. E.
SNLA
Baca, .Louis R.
LANL
Longmire, Jerry L.
LANL
Bahlman, J. J.
SNLA
Martinez, A.
SNLA
Barnett, Charles R.
LANL
Maydew, R. C.
SNLA
Barton, W. R.
SNLA
McFarland, A. V.
SNLA
Cabral, Charles, LTC
USAF ~
Miko, D. W.
Ste'
Canute, Jack
SNLA
Millard, W. A.
SNLA
Cessna, James R.
LANL
Moore, Rurt
LANL
Curtis, C. J.
SNLA
Moore, W. R.
SNLA
Donham, Dorothy
LANL
Pacheco, John F.
LANL
Eno, R. L.
SNLA
Piotrowski, Michael
LANL
Evans, W. Doyle
LANL
Robertson, Cleo R.
LANL
Feldman, William C.
LANL
Rollstin, L. R.
~ SNLA
Finnell, R. T.
SNLA
Scarlett, Robert W.
LANL
Gardner, W. A.
SNLA
Shaw, Steven R.
LANL
Geck, W. R.
SNLA
Smelser, J. H.
SNLA
Gipson, H. E.
SNLA
Spencer, Kenneth M.
LANL
Goen, P. K.
SNLA
Stone, L. M.
Ste'
Hay, R. G.
SNLA
Stuckert, H. A.
SNLA .
Hoban, T. J.
SNLA
Tech, Earl Ray
LANL
Jeffries, Robert A.
LANL
Walker, W. E.
SNLA
Johnson, D. W.
SNLA
Wright, Patricia
LANL
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
_~ V~~~~
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 89
6.2 Intercept Calculations
The target is expected to b`e in a well behaved, nearly circular
orbit inclined 65? with respect to the equator at an altitude near 260
km. It orbits the earth about 16 times per day (see Fig. 6.1 for a plot
of the mean motion of a typical target) and repetitively covers the same
ground track. The tracks are about 3.5? apart in longitude. One south-
to-north and one north-to-south pass through the Kauai Test Facility
intercept volume occurs about every seven days.
Ia an operational deployment, target tracking will be done by the
worldwide tracking net of NORAD with headquarters at Cheyenne Mountain,
Colorado Springs. Our principal contact there is Lt. Roger Hall
(303-473-4010, ext. 3510). Lt. Hall routinely supplies Sandia with the
satellite orbital elements from which the position can be calculated for
any past or future time using the NORAD derived SGP-4 computer code.
This code is operational on Sandia's HP-1000 computer at R'1'F.
NORAD will begin "enhanced tracking" of .the target several days
before launch to rapidly detect changes in its orbit. The orbital
elements will. be sent by priority TWX to the Navy facility at Barking
Sands. Sandia's Aerodynamics Group will use the elements to generate a
position-time plot of the target as it passes through the KTF intercept
volume.
A specific point in space will be chosen.,.for the intercept (IP),
and the payload will be launched to .arrive at that point where it will
be stationary; relatively speaking, as the target passes above.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report
SECRET
0
8
0
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 90
0
m
O ~o
M
NOII,OW. Nd3W
m ~ CO l17
O O O O
(~ (~ CO (D
cFrR~T
CO
?O
N
CO
r+
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 ( Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for R``ele66ase 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
tr JL~~~
Taurus, Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 91
NORAD analysis has shown that changes to the target orbit are made
only at certain geographic locations and it is unlikely that changes
will be made later than about nine hours before the K1'F orbit. Sandia
will contact NORAD two to three hours before launch to confirm the
target is still on track to ,the IP:
For this demonstration launch, previously determined RORSAT orbital
data were used to create a "virtual" satellite for targeting. All
communications links that would be used operationally were exercised
d
during this demonstration.
Intercept of the target at the planned IP requires that the rocket
to fly a precise trajectory. This was accomplished by adjusting the
payload weight and the launch azimuth and elevation angles. Since
atmospheric winds also have a large effect on trajectory (2? elevation
and 10? azimuth corrections are not uncommon), the wind profile was
continuously updated. Anemometer readings from three elevations on a
tower near the launcher gave near-surface winds. A continuous series of
_balloons were released and tracked to obtain wind data to high altitudes
starting several hours before launch.
The wind balloon radar, anemometers and the minicomputer hardware
and software for wind data processing were operated by the Sandia Aero-
dynamics Group. The computer continuously calculated launcher settings.
The final setting was entered manually approximately five minutes before
launch. Payload ballast was adjusted before launch, after confirmation
of the IP.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET.
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 92
The payload was tracked continuously from liftoff by four of the
PMRF precision track, C-band radars (two at Barking Sands, one at
the 1500-ft msl Makaha Ridge and one at 3500 msl Kokee). Digitized data
were fed to the HP-1000 computer which continuously calculated the pay-
load trajectory and predicted the x, y, z and time coordinates of apogee.
These coordinates were compared with the coordinates of the IP. To
demonstrate the "back-off" capability, the Test Director initiated an RF
command to fire the retro-rocket and .reduced apogee altitude. ,~
If required during an actual mission, two other PMRF radars on
Makaha Ridge and the 3500 ft msl Kokee radar are capable of tracking the
satellite as it comes within range (about eight minutes before IP) to
obtain position information on both the target and the payload from the
same tracking sources.
6.3 Rocket Performance
The weight of the TAURUS payload could be incrementally adjusted
between 250 and 320 lbs by adding ballast to the nose section. By
adjusting the weight and the launch elevation angle (QE), any point in
the sector shown in Fig. 6.2 could be reached at an apogee altitude of
250 km. Figure 6.3 shows ,the altitude/range capabilities of the TT9
system as a function of payload weight. TAURUS I was launched from
launcher No. '19 with a payload weight of 290 lbs at a launch QE of 81.4
degrees. The trajectory and flight sequence is described below.
The Terrier motor was ignited (T-zero) at 02002,.24 September 1983
(1600 HST, 23 September 1983). The first-stage vehicle was rail-guided
on the launcher for a distance of 26.7 ft (5.24 m) and then released
(launched). The vehicle speed was approximately 162.7 m/s and the
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~_ ~~~n~~
Taurus Field Report.
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 93
21.5
21
163
162
161
West Longitude
l60
Fig. 6.2 TAURUS operational range with typical ROBSAT
orbits.
SECRET
25
Z4.5
24
23.5
23
22.5
0
22
159
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 94
RANG(. bn
Fig. 6.3. Altitude/range capabilities of
Terrier-Tomahawk system.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
r
i
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 95
altitude of the system center of gravity was 22 m at launch which
occurred. at T+0.38s. The Terrier motor burned out and separated from
the Tomahawk at T+5 s at a speed of 1.0 km/s and an altitude of 2:2
km. The second-stage vehicle coasted for approximately 13 s.before the
Tomahawk motor was ignited. The flight conditions at Tomahawk ignition
were T+17.8_ s, speed 0.68 km/s, altitude 12.8 km, elevation flight-
path angle 75.7?. The Tomahawk motor burned for approximately 9 s.
Flight conditions at Tomahawk burnout were T+26.Ss, speed 2.1 km/s,
altitude 24.0 km, elevation flight-path angle 74.5?, and Mach number
7.29. The vehicle left the atmosphere (altitude 90 km) at T+63.1s
with an elevation Flight-path angle near 72.0?. Uncorrected, the
TAURUS I vehicle would have continued to an apogee altitude of 252 km,
125 km downrange at T+245 s and would have approached the "virtual"
satellite to within 16.0 km at T+243 s.
Fifteen seconds of tracking after the vehicle left the atmosphere
yielded good trajectory prediction information. At T+80s the retro-
rocket was command initiated to provide a longitudinal impulse to the
system of 1256 lbf.s, with a motor burn time of 2.4 s. This modified
the apogee altitude to be 247 km 123 km downrange at T+245 s. Closest
approach to the "virtual" satellite was 19.3 km which occurred at
T+243 s. Coordinates of the satellite (object "one") and TAURUS payload
(object "two") near the time of closest approach are presented in
Table 6.4.. Geocentric east is X, Y north, and Z up from the tangent
plane through launcher No. 19, the origin. APPR is the separation of
the two objects.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
,7A ss wow ~~e ew ~ w-rn wog tiw- ~~+
Q,i = K OHO w~ r. o- i0 1O ~C ~r w-
y~ ohm a rve ~ f~ ww ~ ~
~ 2= NWN~~? 0rr~,,1 YB.~fl yIy~~.UI Or~~~ rPr Yf ~Or/~?~Yf ONE
a ; ? NN Nf~11 ^IN NN ^'N hIN ?NN ~N
i w yO~o ~C y~o MO y~. O~ O
H {?j~.yoji I~i~ O~ ~ONf F1~ `f07~ Iy~f~-m ~N
Or A~ A~ ~O /,O ~O f0 7'10 ~O
} ~
~ ~ ~Nf1
~Y Nlo~l ~A ~~ ~~ NM 1m ~O ~~
01~ w0
~$ ~~n art a~ ~~ oN~ a`N~ O~ ~~
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 96
Fi~i
~N
rr
iv
OY-
~O~pp N~
yC~M
N
OM
`
~
~N
NN
N
f
V
w0
ySfA
w10
y
AA
?~
~r
~O
~O
~O
~
NO
?
~
~
N
~
~~
?
w
Y1 ~ O O O O O ~Ow ? ? ? ? ? ?
M ~ ~ ~ N ~ R ~ N N M N
SECRET
s
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
i
r
Taurus .Field Report- NSP/ACV?83-12
Page 97?
Commands were sent at T+100, T+105, T+110, and~T+400 to initiate
nose cone separation, "N" high-voltage turn-on, "G" high voltage turn-
on, and payload separation, respectively. After separation of the
booster which occurred at T+408 s, the payload, as expected, went into a
flat spin until the heat shield and parachute were baro-deployed at 15
kft msl. Chute deployment occurred at T+670 s and the velocity was near
200 ft/s. A flotation bag, a strobe light and a 200 milliwatt RF
beacon operating on 230.4 MHz were initiated with parachute
deployment.
Payload impact was T+850 s at a velocity of around 70 ft/s, 230 km
downrange. The payload trajectory was nominal and impact was within
one-sigma dispersion for the Terrier-Tomahawk rocket system.
6.4 Payload Performance
Neutron and gamma-ray high voltages turned on as scheduled at 104 s
and 109 s after liftoff, respectively. All neutrons and gamma-ray count
rates rose immediately to their nominal values of about 35 s-1 for the
single 3He counter and X150 s-1 for all the gamma-ray scintillators.
This response can be seen in the on-line data plots shown in Fig. 7.1 in
the following section. Although occasional times of poor data quality
resulted in spurious values, and the temperature of all detectors rose
with time, the data set as a whole remained solid.
6.5 Recovery Operations
A Sandia/Navy team recovered the payload using an 85 ft, all alu-
minuet Weapon Recovery Boat stationed at PMRF, Port Allen. A Navy S2F
aircraft, containing radio DF equipment, located .the payload shortly
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV?83-12
Page 98?
after impact and vectored the recovery boat to its location. The boat,
.which was also outfitted with DF equipment, was deployed from Port Allen
at T-9 hours and was standing by in the recovery area.
.The payload, now minus the nose cone, weighed 175 lbs and displaced
140 lbs of sea water at impact. As expected, it sank, nose down, below
the flotation bag that was designed to keep it suspended indefinitely.
The payload was recovered at approximately 1730 local, 1-1/2 h after
launch,. without incident and returned to Port Allen, docking about 0530
local (9/24). After disassembly, the various payload sections were
inspected and checked. All were found to be in excellent condition.
Slight damage to the gamma instrument was observed, probably the result
of structural damage to the sealed can (at impact) which allowed some
moisture into the detector compartment.
7.0 EXPERIMENTAL DATA
7.1 Real-Time Data Processing
A. Summary. Both real-time data processing systems performed as
expected with no hardware or software malfunctions. Details .for each
system (A and B) are. given below.
B. System A Particulars (all times are Z time)
1. SETUP
a. The system -was readied at day 267, hour 1, min 15.
b. The following RTANL initialization parameters were
used:
4.0 second analog printer time interval
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 i
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
JCIri~C
Taurus-Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 99.
702.0 neutron singles scale factor
1404.0 gamma .singles scale factor
1404.0 particle singles scale factor
12636.0 neutron coincidence scale factor
-1404.0 ---particle coincidence scale factor
30.0 neutron spectrum scale factor
(120.0/count rate time interval)
1.0 gamma spectrum scale factor
(4.0/count rate time interval)
gamma spectra were based on data from
' the number 1 detector.
2. .The A system was given the G (go) command at 1:40:28.
This was scheduled for T-20 minutes.
3. The C (screen clear) command scheduled for T-12 min was
issued at 1:48:05.
4. The W (write on) command scheduled for T-150 s was issued
at 1:48:12. The, command commences a period of data re-
cording to .capture data at the high voltage on test.
5. The W (write off) command following the verification of
HV and N and G nominal data was issued at 1:50:19.
During this first write period, 2418 records. were written
to the file.
6. The W (write on) command scheduled between T-180 s and
T-120 s was issued-at 1:57:32. This commenced the main
data recording period just prior to the payload going to
internal.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~Et;RET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 100
7. The C (clear screen) command scheduled for t+69 s was
issued at 01:14. The intent of the command is to have
the last portion of the rocket's flight N and G display
data on the screens following the experiment.
8. The H (halt command) was issued at 2:10:09. During the
time the system was on 34155 records (6400 words buffers)
were processed by ACQUIRE. Of these, 16,679 -were pro-
cessed by RTANL, which mean the real time displays re-
sulted from processing 49.83 of the data. ARCHIVE wrote
16747 records to the disk file during its two recording
periods.
9. During the experiment the data quality on System A was
generally good. Data quality ranged from 0.0 to approxi-
mately 0.02 near loss of signal time.
Recall that the quality number is 1.0 - (goodwords/total-
words), hence 0.0 represents perfect data quality while
1.0 indicates no valid data. See the System A analog
print for details.
10. During the experiment the Data Sync on System A was
generally on the order 10-5 to 10-3.
Recall that the sync number is defined as
((frames processed x the inverse of frames per buffer))
buffers processed), and that the range of sync is from
0.0 to 1.0 with 0.0 being the ideal value. Since there
is not an interger number of frames per buffer, small
SECRET
1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 ; CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
~~~~~'
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 101,
variations from zero are to be expected. .See the System
A analog print for details.
C. System B Particulars
1. SETUP
a. The B System was readied at day 267 hour 1 min 15.
b. The following RTANI, initialization parameters were used:
? 4.0 second count rate time interval
4:0 second analog print rate
-702.0 neutron singles scale factor .
1404.0 gamma singles scale factor
14.04.0 particle singles scale factor
12636.0 neutron coincidence scale factor
1404.0 particle coincidence scale factor
30.0 neutron spectrum scale factor
(120.0/count rate time interval)
1.0 gamma spectrum scale factor
(4.0/count rate time interval)
gamma spectra were based on detector 4
data.
2. The B System was given the G (go) command at 1:40:25.
3. The C (screen clear) command scheduled for T-12 min was.
issued at 1:48:06.
4. The W (write on) command scheduled for T-150 s was issued
at 1:48:15.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 102
5. The W (write off) command following the verification of HV
and N and G nominal data was issued at 1:50:19. The 2351
records were written to the file during this first write
period.
6. The W (write on) command scheduled between T-180 s and
T-120 s was issued at 1:57:31.
7. The C (clear screen) command scheduled for T+69 s was
issued at 01:11..
8. The H (halt command) was issued at 2:10:09. During the time
the system was ON 34129 records (6400 words buffers) were
processed by ACQUIRE. Of these, 16772 were processed by
RTANL, which means the real time displays resulted from pro-
cessing 49.14 of the data. ARCHIVE wrote 16710 records to
the disk file during its two recording periods.
9. During the experiment the data quality on System B degraded
earlier than that on System A. The DPADs were "cross
strapped" at that time. See the System B analog printout for
details.
7.2 Summary of Flight Data
Plots of real time gamma ray and neutron data were displayed on-
line according to the format described above. Copies of these displays
for the time period following T+69 s are shown in Figs. 7.1a and
7.1b corresponding to the gamma-ray and neutron data, respectively.
Inspection shows nearly all count rates rising at high voltage turn-on
staying approximately steady until about T+460 s when the payload
SECRET
t
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 103
telemetry signal was lost. The exceptions are the plastic scintillator
count rates which continued to rise steadily as apogee was approached.
After apogee, the count rates of the two individual sensors diverged,
with the count rate of. Sensor B declining slightly and the count rate
from Sensor A continuing to rise slightly. The reason for this behavior
is not presently clear.
7.2.1 NaI and BGO Data. The gamma ray data returned by the NaI
detectors showed a steady count rate of approximately 150 counts/s. The
total gamma-ray count rates of all four 3 x 3 ia. spectrometers
corresponded to about 3 counts/cm2-s. Thus, the anticipated background
level of ^1000 counts/s per sensor was very conservative, and the sensi-
tivity of the instrument in a programmatic mission would actually be
somewhat greater than that quoted in the design calculations. The spec-
tral distributions of the response observed from both sensor. types were
identical-and consisted of a power-law background with index, a, 3.2 < a
< 4.0 upon which two peaks were superimposed. The stronger peak was at
N
0.511 MeV and the weaker at approximately 1.45 MeV. This is shown in
Fig. 7.2a. The energies of the .peaks were determined from (and consis-
tent with) a prelaunch calibration spectrum using 22Na and 137Cs sources
as shown in Fig. 7.2b. Identical results were obtained by the BGO
crystals as shown in Figs. 7.3a and 7.3b.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
c
~ ar
c
-- -~
<
<
.
~
c
LOG c~~NTB/G
(a)
C D~r~TS
NAS-I
(b)
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 104
Fig. 7.1 Real time data display.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 ff Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92BOO1818OOO4OO36OOO8-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
. Page 105
? .... ?. e...~
~r~ s . c~ c.. era ? cc-ot s ~ ?~ ? ~ ~
acs awa..t: s s..::a~dat
/ ~t':-
~? 1
F~iGHT D~,TA '~~~'~/~
(a)
0 E
RG . Ch v~
CALIIRAT[pl DATA
(b)
Fig. 7.2. B/G NaI data.
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92BOO1818OOO4OO36OOO8-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
S-EGRET
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 106
~ ~ ~ ~`'" yR .f 6 7 S'
tai teaat ~iri'na~ra r r~ P"1
(a)
(b)
Fig. 7.3. B/G BGO data.
SECRET
r.~. ~ w sr.ns
4MRa/tK Mae~l~~?~C~ I.f q-? ?.?
Q~~~ --- - ----
~- ~ y S ~ 7
ENERGY (Ne y
FUWT tI~.TA
::. .:o.#T~". aae,: 'd'ot :.: 1... sl .
e
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 107
Whereas the 0.511 MeV line results from cosmic-rap induced positron
annihilation radiation in the terrestrial atmosphere, the 1.45 MeV line
resulted,. most likely, from trace amounts of 40K in the glass envelopes
of the photomultiplier tubes.
7.2.2 Neutron Data. Post-flight analyses of the neutron data
yielded a singles count rate of the moderated 3He gas proportional
counts of about 35/s, a plastic scintillator singles count rate of about
750/s, and ~a plastic scintillator-3He tube coincidence count rate for
neutrons having energy, En,,in the range between 0.45 and 5.3 MeV near
0.7/s.
The energy spectrum of singles plastics events occurring during the
time interval between T+110 and T+455 s is shown in Fig. 7.4. Three
peaks are evident. Whereas the lowest peak. results from tube noise and
gamma-rays and the peak in the highest channel results from directly-
penetrating galactic cosmic rays, the very broad peak near 2 MeV results
,from the spectrum of terrestrial albedo neutrons folded into the energy-
dependent detector efficiency and. energy-level spacing. '
The 3He-plastic coincidence spectrum is shown in Fig. 7.5 super-
imposed on the spectrum expected from the separate 3He tube and plastic
scintillator-measurements expected to occur_by chance. Subtraction of
.the chance-coincidence spectrum correction for energy-dependent effici-
encies~and energy-level spacing yield the spectrum of the differential
albedo-neutron flux, dJ/dE shown in ..Fig. 7.6. The solid line gives the
best fit Gaussian function, dJ/dE = Aexp - (E-Ea)2/Eo. The fit was made
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
Taurus Field Report
? DEVT11p+ ~ MA CMAM1~~t C-'-i
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 108
...
i
_
I
i
I
~
'
I
~
I
I
~~
--
i
?
. t
.
s
. a. ~
.
a,
ENER.r cKV~
Fig. 7.4. NAS-I singles data.
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 109
? h[J~Rph
+ M[urRar
SPFCTQ~H
~~GK~ I
CN~hh[tS C?MC
cw-hhe~s s-r?c
I
i
i~
,~
y
i
t
1
~
I
Eh?ROV tMEv 1
GDlNcigE~
,c,HAN C.E
CpiN ~~O~=NEE s
Fig. 7.5. NAS-I plastic-3He.coincidence
data.
SECRET
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
JCVi1L 0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 110
E'NCRG1' (M[V,
Fig. 7.6. NAS-I neutron differential
flux data.
v
SECRET
'
~
;
~
~
~
I
~I
~
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 111
using all data points except the last at 5.3 MeV assuming statistical
uncertainties only. The- resulting best-fit parameters are A =
0.025/cm2 - s - MeV, Ea = 0.88' MeV, and Eo = 2.17 Mev with a reduced
chisquare, X2 = 0.95. Numerical integration of the data for energies
between 0.45 MeV and 3.3 -MeV -yield a total -flux of -0:08/cm2 - s. All
results. are in excellent agreement with previous measurements in this
energy range near the geomagnetic latitude of Hawaii (see e.g.,
Lockwood, 1973).
A feature of the coincidence spectrum in Fig.. 7.5 ignored in the
foregoing analyses is the dominant peak in the highest energy channel.
Since these events correspond to large energy deposition in the plastic
scintillator, it is reasonable to presume that theq result from directly
penetrating galactic cosmic rays as mentioned in .the discussion of
Fig. 7.4 previously. Indeed, the interpretation is consistent with the-
measured He3-tube singles count rate .of about 35/s. Assuming an iso-
tropic cosmic-ray spectrum, as measured by previous researchers, and
using the effective area of the 3He tube flown aboard TAURUS of about
100 cm2, we estimate a cosmic-ray flux incident on the upper atmosphere
above Hawaii of about 0.34/cm2 -s. This value is very close to the
average flux measured near solar maximum of about 0.3/cm2 - s which
verifies our presumption.
Comparison of the measured singles 3He background of 35/s and our
coincidence background of 0.7/s with the rate expected from a 20 km
close approach to a 100 kw nuclear reactor of about 1090/s (see page 11
of this report) shows that 'the spectrometer flown aboard the TAURUS
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
JC~KtI
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
' Page 112
.mission would have fulfilled the original objectives. Furthermore the
present design which includes a spectral measurement capability, reduces
the naturally-occurring background as measured using a simple moderated
3He gas-proportional counter by a factor of 35/0.7 = 50. Such a low
background enables detection and characterization of a 100 kw reactor
from distances as much as 10 times larger than achieved in the simula-
tion performed during this flight.
8.0 SUMMARY
The TAURUS I experiment conducted on September 23, 1983 demon-
strated without question an initial operational capability to identify
and characterize foreign nuclear reactors is low Earth orbit.
Instrumentation designed to measure y-rays, neutrons, and positrons
performed flawlessly and returned high-quality data. Background levels,
and thereby signal-to-background ratios expected for reactor encounters,
were established.
Operationallq, the countdown-to-launch which included orbital pre-
diction, timing, instrument check out, and launcher setting was prac-
ticed repeatedly and found to be adequate in scope and practical in
execution.
The Terrier-Tomahawk 9 rocket system again delivered a predictable
and nominal payload trajectory. Using PMRF radars to provide real-time
payload location and newly installed Sandia computing resources, the
distance of closest approach to the "virtual" satellite target was
available to the Test Director early in the flight. Although this
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
Taurus Field Report NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 113
payload trajectory actually fulfilled the original criterion of equal to
or greater than 10 km, the retro-rocket system was exercised to increase
the encounter spacing to over 19 km.
Recovery hardware in the payload functioned as planned making the
recovery operation itself routine. The TAURUS payload, damaged only
slightly during reentry, will be refurbished and available for use as
required.
Only one minor incident, discovery of an open circuit in a multi-
conductor rocket umbilical cord, during terminal countdown prevented
launch on the -first planned opportunity and flawed an otherwise tech-
nically and operationally perfect demonstration.
Having demonstrated this IOC using "off-the-shelf" resources,
efforts can be directed to a second-generation system. Some items
identified at this early date for attention include:
1. replacement of the telemetry system with onboard recorders,
2. increased payload,thernaal insulation, _
3. minor redesign of electrical circuitry, and
4. modification to include an externally accessible trouble
` shooting panel.
Other improvements, including more sensitive instrumentation, are
under consideration.
Finally, during the execution of TAURUS I, it became evident that
even a-small operation cannot be executed on Kauai without notice.
Radio traffic between experimenters was forbidden, and no public infor-
oration was released. Never-the-less, the operation was discovered and
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for R`elrease 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
JC~,~iC
Taurus Field Report
NSP/ACV:83-12
Page 114
reported in the Kauai newspaper, albeit with our cover story of iono-
spheric measurements, and repeated by the Oahu media. If an operational
deployment is planned, it should probably include for diversion some
more routine and visible experiment such as a barium release.
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
L ? ,tVn~ i
Taurus Field Report
Distribution:
lA - D. M. Kerr/R. N. Thorny DIR, MS A100
2A - C. P. Robinson, ADNSP, M~ A105
3A - J. H. Birely, ADCEL, MS A102
4A - S. A. Newton, Chairman, JAEIC
SA - S. A. Newton, Chairman, JAEIC~ m"?
6A - Col. C. R. Meisenheimer, AFTAC
7A - G. M. Leies, AFTAC
8A - LTC. F. Garcia, AFTAC
9A - LTC. W. M. Hodgson, USAF
l0A - R. F. Linsenmeyer, CINCPAC
11A - R. W. Alewine, DARPA
NSP/ACV:83-12
-Page 115
14A - R. A. Pollock, NSC
15A - J. W. Culpepper, USDOE
16A - J. L. Torres, USDOE
17A - G. F. Dickerson, USDOE
18A - L. Forman, USDOE
19A - G.
C.
Dacey/A. Narath/T. B. Cook, SNLA, Orgn 1
20A - J.
R.
Galt, SNI.A, Orgn 1000 _
21A - D.
B.
Shuster, SNLA, Orgn 1600
22A - R.
C.
Maydew, SNAL, Orgn 1630
23A - W.
R.
Barton, SNLA, Orga 1635
24A - R.
L.
Peurifoy, SNLA, Orgn 7000
25A - W.
Gardner, SNLA, Orgn 7500
26A - T.
J. Hoban, SNLA, Orgn 7520
27A - R.
L. Eno, SNLA, Orgn 7525
28A - T.
E. Latta, SNLA, Orgn 7525
29A - J.
C. Hopkins, NSP/WP, MS F630
30A - D.
Venable, NSP/WP, MS F630
31A - R.
A.
Jeffries, NS
PJACV, MS F675
32A - D.
S.
Metzger, NSP
/ACV, MS F675
33A - J.
E.
Boudreau, NP
, MS F671
34A - T.
T.
Scolman, NSP
/T0, MS F670
35A - P.
C.
Coleman, ESS
-D0, MS D437
36A - W.
D.
Evans, ESS-D0, MS D437
37A - W.
C.
Feldman, ESS-8, MS D437
38A - W.
R.
Scarlett, ESS-9, MS D437
39A - E.
R.
Tech, ESS-10, MS D437
40A - J.
R.
Cessna, ESS-11, MS D437
41A - CRMO, MS A150
42A - CRMO, MS A150
43A-50A, AC/VO Files
SECRET
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0
SECRET
SECAEi
e
0
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/06/11 :CIA-RDP92B001818000400360008-0