DEFINITIONS OF INTELLIGENCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91M00696R000300020020-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 30
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 12, 2004
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: September 13, 1977
• Content Type: MF

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NATIONAL FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE BOARD
NFIB-24.1/14
13 September 1977
25X1 FROM
Deputy Executive Secretary
SUBJECT Definitions of Intelligence
REFERENCE : NFIB-24..1/13 dated 19 July 1977
25X1 1. I1 Broad consensus exists among NFIB members on the need for an
authoritative and comprehensive glossary of intelligence terms. The Office
of Policy and Planning of the Intelligence Community Staff has scheduled a
meeting of representatives from NFIB agencies to address the subject at
0930 hours on Tuesday, 20 September in Room 5S09, Community Headquarters
Building.
NFIB ACTION REQUESTED
25X1 2.II You are requested to notify the Secretariat by noon,
19 September of the names of your representatives who will be attending the
meeting.
25X1
v7l bL""t/~ceG~ .
25X1
25X1
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1 1,
ATTENDEES:
CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENCE DEFINITIONS
STAT
NAME
Art Long
STAT Lee E. Martin
STA
Capt. L. D. Dahl
ORGANIZATION
CIA/NI0
State/INR/DDC
Treasury
Energy
Lawrence McWilliams FBI
STAT
H. W. Taylor
Capt. Harley J. Macleod
NSA
Army (OACSI)
Air Force (OACSI)
IC Staff (HRC)
IC Staff (OPBD)
IC Staff (OPP)
IC Staff (OPP)
IC Staff (OPP)
TELEPHONE NUMBER
632-9032
566-5983
376-1748
324-4591
695-6669
688-6527
688-8156
688-7391
688-7608
688-6527
697-4644
695-7256
I W I
STAT
STAT
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 JCS PUB I DEI'IN-ITIOS:S
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DEFINITIONS OF INTI:LLIGENCI:
BASIC INTI_LI,IGI`CE_- (NA`T'O, SI:_\TO, C1:\rI'Ol
General reference material for use in plannin,:;, concerning
other countries, which pertains to capabilities, resources or
potential theaters of operationas. See also intelligence.
BIOGRAPHICAL INTELLIGENCE--(D0I), NATO, CENTO)
That component of intelligence which deals with individual
foreign personalities of actual or potential importance.
COMBAT INTELLIGENCE -- (DOD, IADi)
That knowledge of the enemy, weather, and geographical
features required by a commander in the planning and conduct of
combat operations. See also intelligence.
COMBAT INTELLIGENCI-- (NATO, SEATO, CENTO)
That knowledge of the enemy, weather, and geographical
features required by a commander in the planning and conduct
of tactical operations. See also intelligence.
COMMUNICATIONS INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Technical and intelligence information derived from foreign
communications by other than the intended recipients. Also call-
ed COMINT.
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE--(DOD,-I, IADB)
That aspect of intelligence activity which is devote to
destroying the effectiveness of inimical foreign intelligence
activities and to the protection of information against
espionage, individuals against subversion, and installations
or material against sabotage. See also counterespionage;
countersabotage; countersubversion.
COUN'I'ERINTELLIGE-,NCE--(NATO, SEATO, CENTO)
That phase of intelligence covering all activity devoted
to destroying the effectiveness of inimical foreign intelligence
activities and to the protection of information against
espionage, personnel. against subversion, and installations or
material against sabotage. See also counterespionage; counter-
sabotage; countersubversi.on.
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CRITICAL INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Intelligence which is crucial and requires the immediate
attention of the commander. It is required to enable the
commander to make decisions which will provide a timely and
appropriate response to actions by the potential/actual
enemy. It includes but is not limited to the following:
a. strong indications of the imminent outbreak of hostilities
of any type (warning of attack); b. aggression of any nature
against a. friendly country; c. indications or use of nuclear-
biological-chemical weapons (targets); and d. significant
events within potential enemy countries that may lead to
modification of nuclear strike plans.
CURRENT INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, NATO, CENTO, IADB)
Intelligence of all types and forms of immediate interest
which is usually disseminated without the delays necessary to
complete evaluation or interpretation.
DEPARTMENTAL INTELLIGENCE--(DOD)
Intelligence which any department or agency of the Federal
Government requires to execute its own mission.
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Intelligence relating to activities or conditions within
the United States which threaten internal security and which
might require the employment of troops, and intelligence re-
lating to activities of individuals or agencies potentially or
actually dangerous to the security of the Department of Defense.
ELECTRONICS INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Technical and intelligence information derived frort,foreign,
non-communications, electromagnetic radiations emanating from
other than nuclear detonations or radioactive sources. Also
called ELINT.
EVASION AND ESCAPE INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Processed information prepared to assist personnel to
escape if captured by the enemy or to evade capture if lost
in enemy-dominated territory.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE--(DOD)
Intelligence concerning areas not under control of the power
sponsoring the collection effort.
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INDICATIONS (INTELLIGENCE)--(DOD, NATO, SEATO, CENTO, IADB)
Information in various degrees of evaluation, all of which
bears on the intention of a potential enemy to adopt or reject
a course of action.
INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATE--(DOD, NESN, SEATO, CENTO, IADB)
An appraisal of the elements of intelligence relating to
a special situation or condition with a view to determining the
courses of action open to the enemy or potential enemy and the
probable order of their adoption. See also estimate; estimate
of the situation.
INTERDEPARTMENTAL INTELLIGENCE--(DOD)
Integrated departmental intelligence which is required by
departmental intelligence which is required by departments and
agencies of the United States Government for the execution of
their missions but which transcends the exclusive competence
of a single department or agency to produce.
JOINT INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Intelligence produced by elements of more than one Service
of the same nation.
OD)
MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE--(D
That category of intelligence resulting from collection,
evaluation, analysis and interpretation of foreign medical, bio-
scientific and environmental information which is of interest
to strategic planning and to military medical planning and
operations for the conservation of the fighting strength of
friendly forces and the formation of assessments. of foreign
medical capabilities in both military and civilian sectors.
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Integrated departmental intelligence that covers the broad
aspects of national policy and national security, is of con-
cern to more than one department or agency, and transcends the
exclusive competence of a single department or agency.
OPERATIONAL INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Intelligence required for planning and executing all types
of operations. See also intelligence.
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OPERATIONAL INTELLIGENCE--(SEATO)
Intelligence required by operational commanders for
planning and executing all types of operations.
PI-IOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
The collected products of photographic interpretation,
classified and evaluated for intelligence use.
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE--(NATO, CENTO)
The collected products of photographic interpretation,
classified and evaluated for military use.
POLITICAL INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Intelligence concerning foreign and domestic policies of
governments and the activities of political movements.
RADIATION INTELLIGENCE--(DOD)
Intelligence derived from the collection and analysis of
non-information bearing elements extracted from the electro-
magnetic energy unintentionally emananted by foreign devices,
equipments, and systems, excluding those generated by the
detonation of atomic/nuclear weapons.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
The product resulting from the collection, evaluation,
analysis, and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical
information which covers: a. foreign developments in basic
-and applied research and in applied engineering techniques;
and b. scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities,
and limitations of all foreign military systems, weapons,
weapon systems, and material, the research and developineTht
related thereto, and the production methods employed for their
manufacture.
STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, NATO, CENTO, IADB)
Intelligence which is required for the formation of policy
and military plans at national and internal levels.
TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE--(DOD, IADB)
Intelligence which is required for the planning and conduct
of tactical operations. Essentially, tactical intelligence
and strategic intelligence differ only in scope, point of view,
and level of employment.
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TARGET INTELLIGENCE-- (DOD, NATO, SEATO, CENTO,_IADB)
Intelligence which portrays and locates the components of
a target or target complex and indicates its vulnerability and
relative importance.
TELEMETRY INTELLIGENCE -- (DOD)
Technical and intelligence information derived from the
intercept, processing, and analysis of foreign telemetry. Also
called TELINT.
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 S1;CI,L'T
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4. lotcifi~;cncc' lZumiircrs Advisory Conirvzittcc (IRAC).
An Iiitcili};enuc Resources Advisory Committee is hereby established to advise
the Director of Central Intelligence on tlic preparation of the intelligence budget
and the allocation of resources among programs and to ensure that they are
employed in accordance with approved requirements with no unwarranted
duplication/It will consist of the Director of Central Intelligence, Chairman, and
senior representatives of the Department of State, Department of Defense,
Central Intelligence Agency, and the Office of Management and Budget.
5. The U;Litcd States Intelligence Board (USIB).
a. A United States Intelligence Board is hereby established under the
chairmanship of the Director of Central Intelligence. Subject to- other
established responsibilities under existing law and directives7the United States
Intelligence Board will advise and assist the Director of Central Intelligence
with respect to:
(1) The establishment of appropriate intelligence objectives, require-
ments and priorities.
(2) The production of national intelligence.
(3) The supervision of the dissemination and security of intelligence
material.
(4) The protection of intelligence sources and methods.
(5) As appropriate, policies with respect to arrangements with foreign
governments on intelligence matter/
b. The membership of the United States Intelligence Board shall consist
of the following: The Director of Central Intelligence, Chairman; The Deputy
Director of Central Intelligence, Vice Chairman; the Director of Intelligence
and Research, Department of State; The Director, Defense Intelligence,,/
Agency; The Director, National Security Agency; a representative of the
Secretary of the Treasury; a representative of the Atomic Energy Comnmission;
and a representative of the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
The Director of Central Intelligence, as Chairman, shall invite the c lief of
any other department or agency having functions related to the nztital
security to sit with the United States Intelligence Board whenever matters
within the purview of his department or agency are to be discussed.
c. The Board shall be provided with a Secretariat staff, which shall be
under the direction of an E
ti
S
xecu
ve
ecretary appointed by the Director of
Central Intelligence. Subordinate committees and working groups shall be
established, as appropriate, by the Director of Central Intelligence.
6. National Intelligence
a. National intelligence is that intelligence required for the formulation,
of national security policy, concerning more than one department or agency,
and transcending the exclusive competence of a single department or agency.
The Director of Central 'Intelligence shall produce national intelligence
that will carry a statement' ofabstention or any' ubstantially"differing -
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ppiuion of a United States Intelligence Board member or of the Intelligence
Chief of a Military Department.
h. Departmental intelligence is that intelligence which any department or
agency requires to execute its own mission:
C. Interdepartnicntal intelligence is integrated departmental intelligence
required by departments and agencies of the Government for the execution of
their missions, but transcending the excursive competence"of?a single depart-
nicnE or agency'to"'hioduce. Such subcommittee structure-of --the --United
Statcs' Intelligence Board as may be established by the Director of Central
Intelligence may be utilized for the production and dissemination of inter-
departmental intelligence.
d. The Director of Central Intelligence shall disseminate national intelli-
gence to the President, members of the National Security Council, as ap-
propriate, members of the United States Intelligence Board and, subject to
existing statutes, such other components of the Government as the National
Security Council may from time to time designate or the United States Intelli-
gence Board may recommend./de is further authorized to disseminate na-
tional intelligence and interdepartmental intelligence on a strictly controlled
b1sis to foreign governments and international bodies upon his determination
after consultation with the United States Intelligence Boar lJthat such action
would substantially promote the security of the United States, provided that
such dissemination is consistent with existing statutes and Presidential policy, in-
cluding that reflected in international agreements; and provided further that
any disclosure of Federal Bureau of Investigation intelligence information
shall be cleared with that agency prior to dissemination. [Departmental intel-
ligence and interdepartmental intelligence produced outside the United States
Intelligence Board subcommittee structure may be disseminated in accord-
ance with existing statutes and Presidential policy, including that reflected in
international agreements.
e. Whenever any member of the United States Intelligence Board obtains
information that indicates an impending crisis situation that affects the
security of the United States to such an extent that immediate action or
decision by the President or the National Security Council may be required,
he shall immediately transmit the information to the Director of Central In-
telligence acid the other members of the United States Intelligence Board,
as well as to the National Indications Center and to other officials or agencies
as may be indicated by the circumstances. The Director of Central Intelligence
shall immediately prepare and disseminate, as appropriate, the national intelli-
gence estimate of the situation.
7. Protection of Intelligence and of Intelligence Sources and Methods
The Director of Central Intelligence, with the advice of the members of the
nited States Intelligence Board, shall ensure the development of policies and
rocedures for the protection of intelligence. and of intelligence sources and
iethods from unauthorized disclosure. Each department and agency shall remain
d
e
lligence and of intelligence sources an
esponsible for the protection of int
Methods within its own organization. Each shall also establish appropriate in-
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NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL INTELLIGENCE
DIRECTIVE NO. 3'
COORDINATION OF INTELLIGENCE PRODUCTION
(Effective 17 February 1972)
For the purpose of coordinating the intelligence production activities of the
several Govcrninent departments and agencies in the interest of national security,
and pursuant to the provisions of Section 102 of the National Security Act of
19,47, as amended, the National Security Councif hereby authorizes and directs
that the following overall policies, objectives, categories of intelligence and
allocations of responsibility be established.
1. Basic Intelligence
a. Basic intelligence is that factual intelligence that results from the colla-
tion of encyclopedic information of a fundamental and more or less permanent
nature and that, as a result of evaluation and interpretation, is determined
b. An outline of all basic intelligence required by the Government shall be
maintained by the Central Intelligence Agency in collaboration with the
appropriate departments and agencies. This outline shall be broken down into
chapters, sections and subsections, which shall be allocated as production
and maintenance responsibilities to the Central Intelligence Agency and/or to
those other departments or agencies of the Government that are best qualified
by reason of mission, production capability, and primary interest to assume the
production and maintenance responsibilities. To ensure the production of the
basic intelligence required by the Government and the fullest possible use
of current departmental and agency capabilities, changes in the outline or allo-
cations of production and maintenance responsibilities shall be effected by
agreement between the Director of Central Intelligence and the departments
and agencies concerned. '~-
c. Basic intelligence required in the interest of national security shall be
compiled and continuously maintained in National Intelligence Surveys (NIS)
to cover foreign countries, areas or broad special subjects, in accordance with
National Security Council-approved NIS Standard Instructions and inter-
departmental-approved amendments thereto. The National Intelligence Sur-
veys will be disseminated in such form as shall be determined by the Director
of Central Intelligence with the advice of the departments and agencies con-
cerned.
d. The Director of Central Intelligence shall be responsible for coordinating
production and maintenance and for accomplishing the review, publication
and dissemination of these National Intelligence Surveys, and shall make such
'This Directive supersedes NSCID No. 3 dated 18 January 1961.
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 2. Current Intelligence
a. Current intelligence is that intelligence of all types and forms of im-
mediate interest usually disseminated without the delays incident to complete
evaluation or interpretation.
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ment and maintenance of the Surveys.
e. Departments or agencies to be called on for contributions to this under-
taking may include other than those represented permanently on the United
States Intelligence Board.
b. Tj Cc:n j In tell igc'11 Ag
ec Agency and the several departments and agencies
shall produce and disseminate such current intelligence as may be necessary
to meet their own internal requirements. The current intelligence produced
by the Central Intelligence Agency is produced primarily to meet the needs of
r
the President, National Security Council and other high-level l consumers; in ,rf1--'~"
addition, it serves the common needs, of the interesteddepartments and agencies
of the Government for current intelligence. that they themselves do not
produce. The departments and agencies will contribute to the Central Intel-
.
ligence Agency current intelligence items and publications as appropriate and N
on a timely basis.
3. Departmental intelligence is that intelligence any department .or agency ,
requires to execute its own mission.
4. Interdepartmental intelligence - is integrated departmental intelligence
structure of the United States Intelligence Board as shall be established by the
intelligence jointly produced by defense intelligence organizations- in the per
required by departments and agencies of the Government for the execution of
their missions but transcending the exclusive competence of a single department
or :atrenev to nrnrl?rn Tn;,,f
and transcending the exclusive competence of a single department or agency. The
f
of national security polic~,/concerning more than one department or agency
5. National intelligence is that intelligence required for the formulation
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semination of such torins of intellig.ence.
Director of Central Intelligence for issuance as national intelligence by the
Director of Central Intelligence as provided in NSCID No. 1.
6. Each department or agency, taking full cognizance of the facilities of the
other agencies, shall maintain adequate research facilities to accomplish its
departmental intelligence production mission and to provide such additional
intelligence within its field of primary responsibilities as may be necessary to
satisfy other requirements relating to the national security.
pro nation o
national intelligence is covered in NSCID No. 1. Intelligence re-
lating to the national security that has been produced as interdepartmental
or departmental intelligence may ilso, when appropriate, be submitted to the
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7. To ensure that the capabilities of the departments and agencies are utilized
effectively for the production of intelligence of common concern, the following
division of interests, subject to refinement through a continuous program of
coordination and evaluation by the Director of Central Intelligence to promote
an integration of effort and to avoid undesirable duplication, shall serve as a
general delineation of primary responsibilities:
a. The Department of State shall produce political and sociological intelli-
gcnce on all countries and economic intelligence on countries of the Free
World.
b. The Department of Defense shall produce military intclligcnce. This pro-
duction shall include scientific, technical and economic intelligence directly
pertinent to the missions of the various components of, the Department of
Defense. -
c. The Central Intelligence Agency shall produce economic, scientific and
technical intelligence. Further, the Central Intelligence Agency may produce
such other intelligence as may be necessary to discharge the statutory re-
sponsibililies of the Director of Central Intelligence.
r1. The production of intelligence on atomic energy is a responsibility of all
departments and agencies represented on the U.S. Intelligence Board with
responsibilities for the production of finished intelligence, to be coordinated
through the joint Atomic Energy Intelligence Committee structure.
8. Despite the above-mentioned allocations of primary production responsi-
bilities, there will be areas of common or over apping interest that will require
continuing interagency liaison and cooperatio In the event that a requirement
for intelligence is established for which there is not existing production capa-
bility, the_Dircctor of Central Intelligence, in consultation with the United States
Intelligence Board, shall determine which of the departments and agencies of
the intelligence community can best undertake the primary responsibility as a
service of common concern.
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NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL INTELLIGENCE
DIRECTIVE NO. 51
U.S. ESPIONAGE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
ACTIVITIES ABROAD
(Effective 17 February 1972)
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 102(d) of the National Security Act
of 19.17, as amended, the National Security Council hereby authorizes and
directs that:
1. For the purpose of this directive:
a. E'spionage is defined as that intelligence activity directed toward the
acquisition of information through clandestine means.
b. Counterintelligence is defined as that intelligence activity, with its re-
sultant product, devoted to destroying * the effectiveness of inimical foreign
intelligence activities and undcrtaken to protect the security of the nation and
its personnel, information and installations against espionage, sabotage and
subversion. Counterintelligence includes the process of procuring, developing;
recording and disseminating information concerning hostile clandestine activity
and of penetrating, manipulating or repressing individuals, groups or organiza-
tions conducting such activity.
2. To ensure centralized direction through prior, comprehensive and con-
tinuing coordination of all clandestine activities authorized herein, the Director
of Central Intelligence shall, after appropriate consultation:
a. Establish the procedures necessary to achieve such direction and co-
ordination, including the assessment of risk incident upon such operations as
compared to the value of the activity, and to ensure that sensitive operations
are reviewed pursuant to applicable directives.
b. Coordinate all clandestine activities authorized herein ante, conducted
outside the United States and its possessions, including liaison that concerns
clandestine activities or that involves foreign clandestine services, except
when the provisions of paragraph 8 apply; also coordinate clandestine activities
with overt collection abroad.
c. Invite departments and aq;cncics not permanent members of the United
States Intelligence hoard that Law clandestine comiteriutt?lligei:co re-
sponsibilities abroad to partici,)ate in deliberations of the ]Board when clan-
destine counterintelligence matters affecting such responsibilities are under
consideration.
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d. Make mutually agreeable arrangements with other departments and
agencies for such cover support as may be needed by the Central Intelligence
' 11iis Directive supersedes. NSCID No. 5 dated 18 January 1961.
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NATIONAL SECUR:? ! CO'UN 1L ~N i t Ll iG~i iCE
DIRECTIVE NO. b 1
SIGNAL S INTELLIGENCE
(Effective 17 February 197')
Si-nals Intelligence (SIGIN 1 ), which comprises Continunlcations Iiitcliis ence
(CO\1tNT) and Electronics Iutclligcence (ELINT), and the activities pertain-
ing thereto are national responsibilities and must be so organized and manaed
as to exploit to the maximum the available resources of the Government, to sltisfv
the intelligence needs of the National Security Council and the departments and
agencies of the Government, and to provide for efficiency and economy in the
use of technical. resources. Therefore, pursuant to the National Security Act of
1947, as amended, the National Security Council authorizes and directs that
SIGINT activities shall be conducted as prescribed herein.
1. Definitions
For the purpose of this directive, the terms "Communications Intelligence" or.,._?
"COMINT" shall be construed to mean technical and intelligence information
derived from foreign communications by other than the intended recipients. -
COMINT activities shall be construed , to mean those activities that produce
COMIINT by the collection and processing of foreign communications passed by
radio, wire or other electromagnetic means, with specific exceptions staced below,
and by the processing of foreign encrypted communications, however transmitted.
Collection comprises search, intercept and direction finding. Processing coin-
prises range estimation, transmitter/operator identification, signal analysis, traffic
analysis, cryptanalysis, decryption, study of plain text, the fusion of these processes,
and the reporting of results.
COMINT and COMIIN I activities as defined herrin sliall not include (a) any
intercept and processing of uncnMpted written eomrnlnic ltlonS, I7rtss .'.i~d
propaganda broadcasts, or' (b)ceasorship.
FLINT activities are defd c collection
and the processing for siubsequent intelli ;enec purposes, of infnia' d*rivcd
..
from foreign norl-comTmluiliemtio )S c1ectromacile.tic Cadia,ions un anatntg -Iron
other than atomic clcro iatioli or) adi ctive.surces. FLINT is the technical Inc
iiatelhgcnce information product of FLINT ac to sties
2. The Director of Central Intelligcrice
Consistent with his responsibilities as set Forth in NSCI1 Nos. 1, 2 and 3,
the Director of Central Intelligence shall:
a. Establish with the advice of the United States Intelli,