MINUTES OF 13 DECEMBER 1977 MEETING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91M00696R000300020006-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 4, 2004
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 13, 1977
• Content Type: MF

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DCI/IC 77-6400
MEMORANDUM FOR: Members, Intelligence Definitions
Working Group
Office of Policy and Planning
Intelligence Community Staff
SUBJECT: Minutes of 13 December 1977 Meeting
1. A summary of the 13 December 1977 meeting of the
Intelligence Definitions Working Group is attached for
your information. Also attached is a complete list of
definitions approved by the Group to date. The most
recent additions and or changes are asterisked.
2. The next meeting of the Working Group will be-
gin at 1330, 20 December 1977, CHB Room 5509.
Attachments
As stated
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ATTENDEES
DEFINITIONS WORKING GROUP
13 December 1977
I
ap 1). vani
Mr. Arthur Long
Mr. Lee E. Martin
Mr. R. P. Watson
Maj. Jack Wolfe
Mr. Hugh Smith
Capt. Harley J. Macleod
CIA
State/INR/DDC
Treasury
DOE
FBI
DIA
NSA (IHC)
NSA
Army (OACSI)
Navy
Air Force (OACSI)
IC Staff (HRC)
IC Staff (OPP)
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MINUTES
INTELLIGENCE DEFINITIONS WORKING GROUP
13 December 1977
1. The Treasury member noted that Treasury had been
omitted from the definition of the NFIB. The correction
appears in the latest agreed list. The list now also in-
cludes Defense and Justice.
2. FBI turned in its "existing glossary" candidate.
MINUTES:
1. The Chairman asked the Group to consider including
a classified annex to the eventual glossary. No action
required at this time.
2. The Chairman opened the meeting by calling for
the four terms from the OPP list which were deferred at the
previous meeting. The Group approved Advisory Tasking
and DCID 1/2 Attachment. NSA-asked for more time to develop
Acoustical Intelligence. Army will explore Medical Intelli-
gence and provide a candidate at a later meeting. The re-
maining terms on the OPP list were then completed with the
exception of Political Intelligence, for which State will
provide a more suitable candidate. The HRC candidate for
Tasking was substituted for the OPP candidate.
3. The Treasury List was addressed and agreement
reached on all terms except Information. The IHC
member was asked to provide aa candiiddate at a later meeting.
4. The next meeting will begin at 1330, 20 December
1977, Room 5509, CHB.
Executive secretary
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DEFINITIONS WORKING GROUP
APPROVED DEFINITIONS AS OF 13 DECEMBER 1977
ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE: Intelligence information that is
directly useful to consumers without having to go through
the full intelligence production process. It may address
strategic or tactical needs, or close-support of US nego-
tiating teams or action elements dealing with such matters
as international terrorism or narcotics.
ADVISORY TASKING: A non-directive statement of intelligence
interest or a request for intelligence information which
is addressed by an authorized element of the Intelligence
Community to departments or agencies having information
collection capabilities or intelligence assets not a part
of the National Foreign Intelligence Program.
AGENT: A person other than an officer, employee or co-opted
worker of an intelligence service who under the direction of
that service engages in clandestine intelligence activity.
AGENT OF INFLUENCE: A person who is manipulated by an
intelligence service to use his position to influence public
opinion or decisionmaking in a manner which will advance the
objective of the country for which that service operates.
ALERT MEMORANDUM: A document issued by the DCI to NSC-level
policymakers to warn them of possible developments abroad,
often of a crisis nature, of major concern to the US. Alert
Memoranda are coordinated within the Intelligence Community
to the extent time permits.
ANALYSIS: A process in the intelligence cycle in which
information is subjected to review in order to identify
significant facts and derive conclusions therefrom.
ASSESS: To appraise the worth of an intelligence activity,
in ormation, or product in terms of its contribution to a
specific goal, or the credibility, reliability, pertinency,
accuracy, usefulness of information in terms of an intelli-
gence need. When used in contrast with "evaluate," assess
implies a weighing against resource allocation, expenditure,
or risk (See Evaluate).
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BASIC INTELLIGENCE: Comprises general reference material of
a factual nature which results from a collection of encyclo-
pedic information relating to the political, economic and
military structure, resources, capabilities and vulnerabilities
of foreign nations.
BIOGRAPHIC(AL) INTELLIGENCE: Foreign intelligence on the
views, traits, habits, s ills, importance, relationships and
curriculum vitae of those foreign personalities of actual or
potential interest to the United States Government.
CARTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE: Intelligence primarily mani-
ested in maps and charts of areas outside the United States
and its territorial waters.
* CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PROGRAM (CIAP): See National
Foreign Intelligence Program.
CIPHER: A cryptosystem in which the cryptographic
treatment (i.e., the method of transforming plain-text by
predetermined rules to obscure or conceal its meaning) is
applied to plain-text elements (such as letters, digits,
polygraphs or bits) which either have no intrinsic meaning
or are treated without regard to their meaning (e.g., if the
element is a natural-language word).
CLANDESTINE: Secret or hidden; conducted with secrecy by
design.
CLANDESTINE ACTIVITY: Secret or hidden activity conducted
with secrecy by design. (The phrase "clandestine operation"
is preferred. Operations are pre-planned activities).
CLANDESTINE COLLECTION: The acquisition of intelligence in-
ormation in ways designed to assure the secrecy of the
operation.
CLANDESTINE OPERATION: An intelligence information collection
activity or covert political, economic, propaganda and
paramilitary activity conducted so as to assure the secrecy
of the operation. Encompasses both clandestine collection
and covert action.
CLANDESTINE SERVICES: That portion of the CIA that engages
in clandestine activity; sometimes used as synonymous with
the CIA Operations Directorate.
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CODE: A cryptosystem in which the cryptographic equivalents
usually called "code groups"), typically consisting of
letters or digits (or both) in otherwise meaningless combi
nations, are substituted for plain text elements such as
words, phrases, or sentences.
COLLECTION: See Intelligence Cycle.
COLLECTION REQUIREMENT: An expression of intelligence
information needs which has been sanctioned by the resource
manager and carries at least an implicit authorization to
the field collector to commit resources in acquiring the
needed information. (Also see Intelligence Requirement).
COMBAT INTELLIGENCE: That knowledge of the enemy, weather,
and geographical features required by a commander in the
planning and conduct of combat operations.
* COMBINED CRYPTOLOGIC PROGRAM (CCP): See National Foreign
Intelligence Program.
* COMMITTEE ON EXCHANGES (COMEX): See Director of Central
Intelligence Committee.
* COMMITTEE ON IMAGERY REQUIREMENTS AND EXPLOITATION(COMIREX):
See Director of Central Intelligence Committee.
COMMUNICATIONS INTELLIGENCE (COMINT): Technical
and intelligence information derived from intercept of
foreign communications by other than the intended recipients.
COMINT does not include the monitoring of foreign public
media nor the intercept of oral or written communication
obtained during the course of foreign counterintelligence
investigations within the United States.
COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY (COMSEC): The protection resulting
from the application of any measures taken to deny unautho-
rized persons information of value which might be derived
from telecommunications or to ensure the authenticity of
such telecommunications.
CONSOLIDATED INTELLIGENCE RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM
CIRIS : The automated management information system used
tidentify and display the expected distribution of all
intelligence resources within the National Foreign Intel-
ligence Program.
CONSUMER: See Customer.
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CO-OPTED WORKER: A national of a country but not an officer
or employee of the country's intelligence service who assists
that service on a temporary or regular basis. (In most
circumstances a co-opted worker is an official of the country
but can also be a tourist, student, etc.)
COORDINATION: The process of seeking concurrence from one
or more groups, organizations, and agencies regarding a
proposal or an activity for which they share some responsi-
bility, and which may result in contributions, concurrences
or dissents. In the production of intelligence, the process
by which producers gain the views or other producers on the
adequacy of a specific draft assessment, estimate, or report.
Coordination is intended to increase a product's factual
accuracy, clarify its judgments, resolve disagreement on
issues that permit, and sharpen statements of disagreement
on major unresolved issues.
COVER: Protective guise used by a person, organization, or
installation to prevent identification with clandestine ac-
tivities.
COVERT: See Clandestine. Covert Action has special meaning.
See below.
COVERT ACTION: A clandestine operation designed to influence
foreign governments, events, organizations, or persons in
support of United States foreign policy. Covert action may
include political and economic action, propaganda, and para-
military activities.
COVERT OPERATION: See "clandestine operation" (preferred
term). A covert operation encompasses covert action and
clandestine collection.
CRYPTOLOGIC ACTIVITIES: The activities and operations
involved in the production of signals intelligence and the
maintenance of communications security.
CRYPTOLOGY: The branch of knowledge which treats the
principles of cryptography and cryptanalytics and is used to
produce signals intelligence and maintain communications
security.
* CRITICAL COLLECTION PROBLEMS COMMITTEE (CCPC): See Director
o Central Intelligence Committee.
CRYPTOSECURITY: The component of communications security
t at results from the provision of technically sound crypto-
systems and for their proper use.
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CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM: All associated items of cryptomaterial
e.g., equipments and their removable components which
perform cryptographic functions, operating instructions,
maintenance manuals) that are used as a unit to provide a
single means of encryption and decryption of plain test, so
that its meaning may be concealed. (In addition, code,
cipher, and cryptographic systems include any mechanical or
electrical device or method used for the purpose of disguising,
authenticating, or concealing the contents, significance, or
meanings of communications.)
CRYPTOSYSTEM: See Cryptographic System.
CURRENT INTELLIGENCE: Intelligence of all types and forms
of immediate interest to the users of intelligence; it is
usually disseminated without the delays incident to complete
evaluation or interpretation.
CUSTOMER: A person who uses intelligence or intelligence
information either to produce other intelligence or directly
in the decisionmaking process. Synonymous with Consumer
and User.
DCID 1/2 ATTACHMENT: An annual publication by the Director
o Central Intelligence (DCI) which establishes a priorities
classification system. The publication presents requirements
categories and foreign countries in a geotopical matrix,
against which priorities are assigned which provide the
Intelligence Community with basic substantive priorities
guidance for the conduct of all U.S. foreign intelligence
activities. The document includes a system for adjusting
priorities between annual publications. Priorities are
approved by the DCI with the advice of the National
Foreign Intelligence Board. (See Priority.)
DECEPTION: Those measures designed to mislead a foreign
power, organization or person by manipulation, distortion,
or falsification of evidence to induce him to react in a
manner prejudicial to his interests.
DECONTROL: The removal of compartmented material from
special security controls stipulated by the compartment.
The decontrolled material is unchanged and remains in its
original form except that the control and accountability
markings for the specific compartment are removed.
DEFECTOR: A national of a designated country who has escaped
romthe control of such country, or who, being outside such
jurisdiction and control, is unwilling to return thereto and
is of special value to another government because he is able
to add valuable new or confirmatory information to existing
knowledge about his country.
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DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY: Refers to Defense Intelligence
Agency (DIA), National Security Agency (NSA) and the Military
Services Intelligence offices including Department of Defense
(DoD) collectors of specialized intelligence through recon-
naissance programs.
DEPARTMENT(AL) INTELLIGENCE: Foreign intelligence produced
and used within a governmental department or agency in order
to meet unique requirements of the department or agency
mission.
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE (DCI): The President's
principal foreign intelligence adviser appointed by him with
the consent of the Senate to be the head of the Intelligence
Community and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
and to discharge those authorities and responsibilities as
they are prescribed by law and by Presidential and National
Security Council directives.
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE: A committee
established by the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) to
advise him and to perform whatever functions he shall deter-
mine. DCI Committees usually deal with Intelligence Community
concerns, and their terms of reference ordinarily are specified
in DCI Directives (See'DCID).
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE DIRECTIVE (DCID): A directive
issued by the DCI which outlines general policies and pro-
cedures to be followed by intelligence agencies and organiza-
tions which are under his direction or overview.
DISAFFECTED PERSON: A person who is a potential defector
and who either through inducement or voluntary action has
indicated the willingness or desire to defect.
DISSEMINATION: See Intelligence Cycle.
DOMESTIC COLLECTION: The acquisition of foreign intelligence
information with in the United States from governmental or
nongovernmental organizations or individuals who are witting
sources and choose to cooperate by sharing such information.
DOMESTIC SECURITY MEASURE: An internal activity undertaken
by the United States Government to protect the nation from
acts of force or violence (not conducted pursuant to the
direction of a foreign entity) in violation of Federal law
and intended to overthrow or substantially impair the func-
tioning of the United States Government or the government of
a state; to substantially interfere with the legal activities
of a foreign government in the United States; or to deprive
persons of their civil rights.
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DOUBLE AGENT: An agent who is cooperating with an intelligence
service of one government on behalf of and under the control
of an intelligence or security service of another government,
and is manipulated by one to the detriment of the other.
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE: Foreign Intelligence concerning the
production, distribution and consumption of goods and
services, labor, finance, taxation, and other aspects of
the international economic system.
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE (ETC): See Director of
Central Intelligence Committee.
ELECTRO-OPTICAL INTELLIGENCE (ELECTROOPTINT): See Optical
Intelligence.
ELECTRONICS INTELLIGENCE (ELINT): Technical and intelli-
gence information derived from foreign noncommunications
electromagnetic radiations emanating from other than atomic
detonation or radioactive sources.
EMIGRE: A person who departs from his country for any law-
ful reason with the intention of resettling elsewhere.
EMISSION SECURITY: The component of communications security
which results from all measures taken to deny to unauthorized
persons information of value which might be derived from
interception and analysis of compromising emanations from
crypto-equipment and telecommunications systems.
END PRODUCT: Finished intelligence (See Product).
ENERGY INTELLIGENCE: Foreign intelligence relating to the
technical, economic and political capabilities and programs
of foreign countries to engage in development, utilization
and commerce of basic and advanced energy technologies.
Energy intelligence includes the location and extent of
foreign energy resources and their allocation; foreign
government energy policies, plans and programs; new and im-
proved foreign energy technologies; and economic and security
aspects of foreign energy supply, demand, production dis-
tribution, and utilization.
ESPIONAGE: Intelligence activity directed toward the
acquisition of information through clandestine means.
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ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION (EEI): Those items of
information regarding a foreign power, forces or targets and
their environment essential for timely decisions.
ESTIMATIVE INTELLIGENCE: A category of intelligence pro-
duction which attempts to project future foreign develop-
ments and their implications for US interests, whether of a
national or departmental character. Estimative Intelligence
may or may not be coordinated.
EVALUATE: To appraise the worth of an intelligence activity,
information, or product in terms of its contribution to a
specific goal, or the credibility, reliability, pertinency,
accuracy, usefulness of information in terms of an intelli-
gence need. Evaluation may be used without reference to
cost or risk, particularly when used in contrast with "assess."
(See Assess).
EVASION AND ESCAPE (E&E): The procedures and operations
whereby military personnel and other selected individuals
are enabled to emerge from enemy-held or hostile areas under
friendly control.
EVASION AND ESCAPE INTELLIGENCE: Processed information pre-
pared to assist personnel to evade capture if lost in enemy-
dominated territory or to escape if captured.
FINISHED INTELLIGENCE: The result of the Production step
of the Intelligence Cycle. (See Intelligence Cycle.)
FOREIGN COUNTERINTELLIGENCE (FCI): Intelligence activity,
with its resultant product, devoted to countering the
effectiveness of foreign intelligence activities and under-
taken to protect the security of the United States, its per-
sonnel, information and installations against espionage,
sabotage, and terrorism. Foreign counterintelligence does
not include personnel, physical, document, or communications
security programs.
FOREIGN INSTRUMENTATION SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE (FISINT):
Information derived from the collection and processing of
foreign telemetry, beaconry, and associated signals.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE (FI): The product of collection,
processing, and analysis of foreign intelligence information
relating to the national security, to the foreign relations
or economic interests of the United States by a government
agency that is assigned an intelligence mission.
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FOREIGN MATERIEL (FORMAT) INTELLIGENCE: Intelligence derived
from the exploitation of foreign materiel.
FOREIGN OFFICIAL: A foreign national acting in an official
capacity on behalf of a foreign power, attached to a foreign
diplomatic establishment or an establishment under the
control of a foreign power, or employed by a public inter-
national organization.
FUSION: In the military operational context, the blending
intelligence with operational information; or, in the
tactical intelligence context, the blending of information
from multiple sources to produce a single intelligence
product.
FUSION CENTER: A term referring to an organizational ac-
tivity, associated with the Department of Defense and under
the control and supervision of a field commander, having the
responsibility of blending both compartmented intelligence
with all other available intelligence in order to support
military operations. (See Actionable Intelligence and
Tactical Intelligence.)
GENERAL DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM (GDIP): See National
Foreign Intelligence Program.
GEOGRAPHIC(AL) INTELLIGENCE: Foreign intelligence dealing
with the location, description, and analysis of physical and
cultural factors of the world, (e.g., terrain, climate,
natural resources, transportation, boundaries, population
distribution) and their changes through time.
HUMAN RESOURCES COMMITTEE (HRC): See Director of Central
Intelligence Committee.
ILLEGAL: An officer or employee of an intelligence service
dispatched abroad who has no overt connection with the
intelligence service with which he is connected or with the
government operating that intelligence service.
ILLEGAL AGENT: An agent operated by an illegal residency or
directly from the headquarters of an intelligence service.
ILLEGAL RESIDENCY: An intelligence establishment in a
foreign country composed of one or more intelligence officers
and possibly one or more employees which has no overt con-
nection with the intelligence service involved or with the
government of the country operating the intelligence service.
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IMAGERY: Representations of objects reproduced electroni-
cally or by optical means on film, electronic display devices,
or other media.
IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE: The collected products of imagery
interpretation processed for intelligence use.
IMAGERY INTERPRETATION: The process of location, recognition,
i entification, and description of objects, activities, and
terrain represented by imagery.
INFORMATION HANDLING COMMITTEE (IHC): See Director of
Central Intelligence Committee.
INFORMATION(AL) NEED: The requirement of an official involved
in the policyma ing process or the intelligence production
process of the US Government for the best available informa-
tion and intelligence on which to base policy decisions,
recommendations, or intelligence production.
INFRARED INTELLIGENCE: See Optical Intelligence.
INTEGRATION: A process in the intelligence cycle in which a
pattern is formed through the selection and combination of
evaluated information.
INTELLIGENCE: A generic term which includes foreign intel-
ligence an foreign counterintelligence.
INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES: A generic term used to describe
the efforts and endeavors undertaken by intelligence organi-
zations.
INTELLIGENCE-RELATED ACTIVITIES (IRA): Those activities
specifically excluded from _t Tie National Foreign Intelligence
Program which respond to departmental or agency tasking for
time-sensitive information on foreign activities; respond to
national Intelligence Community advisory tasking of collection
capabilities which have a primary mission to support depart-
mental or agency missions or operational forces; train
personnel for intelligence duties; or are devoted to research
and development of intelligence or related capabilities.
INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENT: A category of intelligence production
that encompasses most analytical studies dealing with subjects
of some policy significance. Assessments are thorough in
their treatment of subject matter, as distinct from building-
block papers, research projects, and reference aids; but
assessments unlike estimates may not attempt to project
future developments and their implications. Assessments may
or may not be coordinated.
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INTELLIGENCE ASSET: Any resource--person, group, instrument,
installation, or technical system--at the disposal of an
intelligence organization.
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY: A term which, in the aggregate,
refers to those Executive Branch organizations and activities
composed of: the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); the
National Security Agency (NSA); the Defense Intelligence
Agency (DIA); offices within the Department of Defense for
the collection of specialized national foreign intelligence
through reconnaissance programs; the Bureau of Intelligence
and Research (INR) of the Department of State; intelligence
elements of the military services; intelligence elements of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); intelligence
elements of the Department of Treasury; intelligence elements
of the Department of Energy; intelligence elements of the
Drug Enforcement Administration; and staff elements of the
Office of the Director of Central Intelligence.
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY STAFF (IC STAFF): A term referring
to an organization under the direction and control of the
Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) formed to assist the
DCI in discharging his responsibilities relating to the
Intelligence Community.
* INTELLIGENCE CONSUMER: See Customer.
INTELLIGENCE CYCLE: The processes by which information is
converted into intelligence and made available to users.
There are usually five steps in the cycle:
a. PLANNING AND DIRECTION--determination of intelli-
gence requirements, preparation of a collection plan,
issuance of orders and requests to information collec-
tion agencies, and a continuous check on the productivity
of collection agencies.
b. COLLECTION--acquisition of information and the
provision of this information to processing and/or pro-
duction elements.
c. PROCESSING--conversion of collected information
into a form suitable to the production of intelligence.
d. PRODUCTION--conversion of information into in-
telligence through the integration, analysis, evaluation
and interpretation of all source data and the prepara-
tion of intelligence products in support of known or
anticipated user requirements.
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e. DISSEMINATION--conveyance of intelligence to
users in a suitable form.
INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATE: The product of Estimative Intelli-
gence.
INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION: Information of potential intelli-
gence value concerning the capabilities, intentions and
activities of any foreign power or organization or any
associated non-United States person.
INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION REPORT: A report which disseminates
foreign intelligence in ormation.
INTELLIGENCE REPORT: A product of the analysis of foreign
intelligence information.
INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENT: Any subject, general or specific,
upon which there is a need for the collection of information,
or the production of intelligence. (Also see Collection
Requirement)
INTERAGENCY DEFECTOR COMMITTEE (IDC): See Director of
Central Intelligence Committee.
INTERAGENCY INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM (IIM): A national
intelligence assessment or estimate issued by the DCI with
the advice of appropriate National Foreign Intelligence
Board agencies.
INTERDEPARTMENT(AL) INTELLIGENCE: Integrated department(al)
intelligence required by departments and agencies of the
U.S. government for the execution of their missions but
which transcends the competence or interest of a single
department or agency.
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST ACTIVITIES: Terrorism is the cal-
culated use of violence, or the threat of violence, to
attain political goals through fear, intimidation or coer-
cion. It usually involves a criminal act, often symbolic in
nature, and is intended to influence an audience beyond the
immediate victims. International terrorism is terrorism
transcending national boundaries in the carrying out of the
act, the purpose of the act, the nationalities of the victims,
or the resolution of the incident. These acts are usually
designed to attract wide publicity in order to focus attention
on the existence, cause, or demands of the perpetrators.
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* JOINT ATOMIC ENERGY INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE (JAEIC): See
Director of Central Intelligence Committee.
JOINT INTELLIGENCE: (Military Context) Intelligence pro-
duced by elements of more than one Service of the same
nation. (Intelligence Community Context) Intelligence
produced by intelligence organizations of more than one
country.
KEY INTELLIGENCE QUESTION (KIQ): A question, issued by the
Director of Central Intelligence and part of the Intelligence
Community Planning System, which identifies a most important
gap or weakness in the intelligence information holdings of
the Intelligence Community. A Key Intelligence Question
serves to notify the Intelligence Community of a shortcoming
which, by its selection and illumination, requires a period
of special operational attention. KIQs are usually published
annually in a DCI guidance document.
LASER INTELLIGENCE (LASINT): See Optical Intelligence.
LEGAL RESIDENCY: An intelligence establishment in a foreign
country composed of intelligence officers and employees
assigned as overt representatives of their government.
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE (MI): Current, basic, or estimative
intelligence on any foreign military or military-related
situation or activity.
MONITOR: To observe, listen to, intercept, record, or
transcribe any form of communication or media for intelli-
gence collection or communications security purposes, either
overtly or covertly.
NATIONAL ESTIMATE: (See National Intelligence Estimate.)
NATIONAL FOREIGN ASSESSMENT CENTER (NFAC): An organization
established by, and under the control and supervision of,
the Director of Central Intelligence, which is responsible
for production of national intelligence.
NATIONAL FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE BOARD (NFIB): A body formed
to provide the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI)
with advice concerning: production, review, and coordination
of national foreign intelligence; the National Foreign
Intelligence Program budget; interagency exchanges of foreign
intelligence information; arrangements with foreign govern-
ments on intelligence matters; the protection of intelligence
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sources and methods; activities of common concerns; and such
other matters as are referred to it by the DCI. The NFIB is
composed of the DCI (chairman), and the appropriate officers
of the Central Intelligence Agency, Department of State,
Department of Defense, Department of Justice, Department of
Treasury, Department of Energy, the offices within the
Department of Defense for reconnaissance programs, the
Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency,
and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The senior intel-
ligence officer of the Army, Navy, and Air Force participate
in NFIB matters as observers.
NATIONAL FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM (NFIP): A program
aggregating the programs of the Central Intelligence Agency;
the Consolidated Cryptologic Program, and the programs of
the offices within the Department of Defense for the col-
lection of specialized national foreign intelligence through
reconnaissance (except such elements as the DCI and the
Secretary of Defense agree should be excluded); the elements
of the General Defense Intelligence Program and other pro-
grams of agencies within the Intelligence Community designated
by the Director of Central Intelligence and the head of the
department as national foreign intelligence or national
foreign counterintelligence activities: and activities of
the staff elements of the Office of the Director of Central
Intelligence.
* NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: Foreign intelligence produced under
the aegis of the Director of Central Intelligence and intended
primarily to be responsive to the needs of the President, the
National Security Council and other Federal officials involved
in the formulation and execution of national security, foreign
political and/or economic policy.
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ASSET: An intelligence asset, the
primary purpose of which is the collection, processing or
production of national intelligence. (See National In-
telligence.)
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATE (NIE): A thorough assessment
o a situation in the foreign environment which is relevant
to the formulation of foreign, economic, and national security
policy, and which projects probable future courses of action
and developments. It is structured to illuminate differences
of view within the Intelligence Community, and is issued by
the Director of Central Intelligence with the advice of the
National Foreign Intelligence Board.
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* NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE TASKING CENTER (NITC): The central
organizational mechanism established under the direction,
control and management of the Director of Central Intelli-
gence for coordinating and tasking within the National
Foreign Intelligence Program activities, and for providing
advisory tasking to other intelligence and information
gathering activities.
* NATIONAL SECURITY: The territorial integrity, sovereignty,
an international freedom of action of the United States.
Intelligence activities relating to national security
encompass all the military, economic, political, scientific
and technological and other aspects of foreign developments
which pose actual or potential threats to U.S. national
interests.
NATIONAL/TACTICAL INTERFACE: A relationship between national
and tactical intelligence activities encompassing the full
range of fiscal, technical, operational, and programmatic
matters.
NEAR-REAL-TIME: The brief interval between the collection
of information regarding an event and reception of the data
at some other location, caused by the time required for
automated processing, communications and display.
NET ASSESSMENT: A comparative review and analysis of opposing
national strengths, capabilities, vulnerabilities and weaknesses.
An intelligence net assessment involves only foreign countries.
NONCOMMUNICATIONS EMANATIONS: That class of radiations
which are emitted intentionally or unintentionally by electrical
or electronic equipments for purposes other than communications,
e.g., by radars, navigational aids, jammers, or remote
control systems.
NUCLEAR INTELLIGENCE (NUCINT): Intelligence derived from
the collection and analysis of radiation and other
effects resulting from the detonation of nuclear devices or
from radioactive sources.
OFFICIAL: See Foreign Official.
OPEN SOURCE INFORMATION: A generic term describing information
of potential intelligence value derived from data available
to the general public.
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OPERATIONAL CONTROL (OPCON): (Military Context) The authority
delegated to a commander to direct forces assigned so that
the commander may accomplish specific missions or tasks
which are usually limited by function, time, or location; to
deploy the forces concerned, and to retain or assign tactical
control of those forces. It does not, of itself, include
administrative or logistic control.
OPERATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (OPINTEL): Intelligence required
for planning and executing operations.
OPTICAL INTELLIGENCE (OPTINT): Intelligence derived from
data on optical applications using that portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum from ultraviolet (0.01 micrometers)
through far (long wave length) infrared (1,000 micrometers).
ORDER OF BATTLE (OB): Intelligence pertaining to identifi-
cation, strength, command structure and disposition of the
personnel, units, and equipment of any foreign military
force.
OVERT: Open; done without attempt at concealment.
OVERT COLLECTION: The acquisition of intelligence informa-
tion from public media, observation, government-to-government
dialogue, elicitation, and from the sharing of data openly
acquired. The collection process may be classified or un-
classified. The target and host governments as well as the
sources involved normally are aware of the general collection
activity although the specific acquisition, sites, and
processes may be successfully concealed.
PERSONNEL SECURITY: The means or procedures, such as
selective investigations, record checks, personal inter-
views, supervisory controls, designed to provide reasonable
assurance that persons being considered for, or granted
access to, classified information are loyal and trustworthy.
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE (PHOTINT): The collected products
of photographic interpretation classified and evaluated for
intelligence use. Photographic intelligence is a category
of Imagery Interpretation.
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION (PI): The process of location,
recognition, identification, an description of objects,
activities, and terrain represented on photography. Photo-
graphic interpretation is a category of Imagery Interpretation.
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PHYSICAL SECURITY: Physical measures--such as safes, vaults,
perimeter barriers, guard systems, alarms and access controls--
designed to safeguard installations against damage, disruption
or unauthorized entry; information or material against un-
authorized access or theft; and specified personnel against
harm.
PLANNING AND DIRECTION: See Intelligence Cycle.
* POLICY REVIEW COMMITTEE (As pertains to intelligence matters)
PRC I A committee established under the National Security
Council which when meeting under the chairmanship of the
Director of Central Intelligence is empowered to define and
prioritize substantive intelligence requirements and evaluate
analytical product performance. This is sometimes referred
to as the Policy Review Committee (Intelligence).
* PRIORITY: A value denoting a preferential rating or precedence
in position, used to discriminate among like entities. The
term is normally used in conjunction with intelligence require-
ments in order to illuminate importance and to guide the
actions planned, being planned, or in use, to respond to
the requirements.
PROCESSING: See Intelligence Cycle.
PRODUCT: (1) Finished intelligence reports disseminated by
intelligence agencies. (2) In SIGINT usage, intelligence
information derived from analysis of SIGINT materials and
published as a report or translation for dissemination to
customers.
PRODUCTION: See Intelligence Cycle.
PROLIFERATION INTELLIGENCE: Foreign intelligence relating
to (a) scientific, technical and economic capabilities and
programs and the political plans and intentions of non-
nuclear weapon states (NNWS) or foreign organizations to
acquire nuclear weapons and/or to acquire the requisite
special nuclear materials (SNM) and to carry on research,
development and manufacture of nuclear explosive devices,
and; (b) the attitudes, policies and actions of foreign
nuclear supplier countries or organizations within these
countries toward provision of technologies, facilities or
SNM which could assist NNWS or foreign organizations to
acquire or develop nuclear explosive devices.
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RADAR INTELLIGENCE (RADINT): Intelligence derived from
information collected by radar.
RADIATION INTELLIGENCE (RINT): Intelligence derived from
information obtained from unintentional electro-magnetic
energy emanating from foreign devices to determine their
function and characteristics, excluding nuclear detonations
or radioactive sources. (See Noncommunications Emanations.)
* RAW INTELLIGENCE: A colloquial term meaning collected
intelligence in ormation. (See Intelligence Information).
RECONNAISSANCE (RECCE): A mission undertaken to obtain by
visual observation or other detection methods, information
relating to the activities, resources or forces of a foreign
nation; or to secure data concerning the meteorological,
hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular
area.
RECRUITMENT-IN-PLACE: A term pertaining to a person who has
been recruited and agrees to retain his position in his
organization or government while reporting thereon to an
intelligence or security service of a foreign country.
REFUGEE: A person who is outside the country of his former
habitual residence, and who, because of fear of being per-
secuted in that country, is unwilling to return to it.
REPORT: See Intelligence Report and Intelligence Infor-
mation Report.
REQUIREMENT: See Intelligence Requirement or Collection
Requirement.
RESIDENCY: See Illegal Residency and Legal Residency.
SABOTAGE: Action against material, premises or utilities,
or or other production, which injures, interferes with or ob-
structs the national security or ability of a nation to
prepare for or carry on a war.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL (SST) INTELLIGENCE: Intelligence
concerning foreign developments in basic and applied scientific
and technical research and development, including engineering
and production techniques, new technology, and weapon systems
and their capabilities and characteristics. Also included
is intelligence which requires scientific or technical
expertise on the part of the analyst, such as physical
health studies and behavioral analyses.
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SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE (STIC):
See Director of Central Intelligence Committee.
* SECURITY COMMITTEE (SECOM): See Director of Central
Intelligence Committee.
SENSITIVE: Requiring special protection from disclosure to
avoid compromise or threat to the security of the sponsor.
SENSITIVE COMPARTMENTED INFORMATION (SCI): All information
an materials subject to special national intelligence
community controls requiring restricted handling within
present and future community intelligence collection pro-
grams and their end products for which community systems of
compartmentation have been or will be formally established.
SENSITIVE SOURCES AND METHODS: A source is a person, device,
system or activity which provides intelligence information.
A method is a technique or procedure used by a source.
Sensitive Sources and Methods require special protection
from disclosure.
SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE (SIGINT): A category of intelligence
information comprising all communications intelligence,
electronics intelligence, and foreign instrumentation sig-
nals intelligence, either individually or in combination,
including as well nonimagery infrared and coherent light
signals.
SOURCE: A person, device, system or activity from which
intelligence information is obtained.
SPECIAL COORDINATION COMMITTEE (SCC): A committee established
under the National Security Council which deals with such
matters as the oversight of sensitive intelligence activities--
such as covert action--which are undertaken on Presidential
authority.
SPECIAL NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATE (SNIE): National
Intelligence Estimates_~_NITs)_which are relevent to specific
policy problems that need to be addressed in the immediate
future. SNIEs are generally unscheduled, shorter, and pre-
pared more quickly then NIEs and are coordinated within the
Intelligence Community only to the extent that time permits.
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* STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE: Intelligence which is required for
the formulation of policy and military plans at national and
international levels. Strategic intelligence and tactical
intelligence differ primarily in level of use, but may also
vary in terms of scope and detail.
STRATEGIC WARNING: Intelligence regarding the threat of the
initiation of hostilities against the U.S. or in which U.S.
forces may become involved. Strategic Warning may be
received at any time, prior to the initiation of hostilities.
SURVEILLANCE: The systematic observation or monitoring of
aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons, or
things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other
means.
TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE: That intelligence required by
military commanders in the field to maintain the readiness
of operating forces for combat operations and to support the
planning and conduct of military operations under combat
conditions.
TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE ASSET: An intelligence asset, the
primary purpose of which is the collection, processing or
production of tactical intelligence. (See Tactical Intel-
ligence.)
TARGET: A country, area, installation, organization, weapon
system, military force, situation (political or economic),
person or other entity against which intelligence operations
are directed.
* TARGET INTELLIGENCE: Intelligence which portrays and locates
t e components of a target or target complex and indicates
its identification, vulnerability and relative importance.
TASKING: The assignment or direction of an individual or
activity to perform in a specified way for achievement of
a specified end, objective, or goal.
TELEMETRY INTELLIGENCE (TELINT): Technical and general
intelligence information derived from information obtained
through the intercept, processing and analysis of foreign
telemetry.
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TERRORIST ORGANIZATION: A group or organization that
engages in terrorist activities. (See International Terrorist
Activities).
TRANSMISSION SECURITY (TRANSEC): The component of communi-
cations security which results from all measures designed to
protect transmissions from interception and from exploita-
tion by means other than cryptanalysis.
UNITED STATES SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM: An entity that
is comprised of the National Security Agency (including
assigned military personnel); those elements of the military
departments and the Central Intelligence Agency performing
signals intelligence activities; and those elements of any
other department or agency which may from time-to-time be
authorized by the National Security Council to perform
signals intelligence activities during the time when such
elements are so authorized.
* USER: See Customer.
VALIDATION: A process normally associated with intelligence
collection, which provides official status to an identified
requirement and confirms that the requirement is appropriate
for a given collector and has not previously been satisfied.
(See Collection Requirement.)
WALK-IN: A person who on his own initiative makes contact
with a representative of a foreign country and who volunteers
information and/or requests political asylum.
* WEAPON AND SPACE SYSTEMS INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE (WSSIC):
See Director of Central Intelligence Committee.
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CAMS
CCF
CCP
CCPC
CIA
CIAP
CIRIS
COMEX
COMINT
COMIREX
DCI
DCID
DEA
DIA
EEI
E&E
EIC
ELECTRO-OPTINT
ELINT
EMSEC
FBI
FCI
FI
FISINT
FORMAT
GDIP
HRC
ICRS
IDC
IHC
IIM
INR
COMIREX Automated Management System
Collection Coordination Facility
Combined Cryptologic Program
Critical Collection Problems Committee
Central Intelligence Agency
Central Intelligence Agency Program
Consolidated Intelligence Resources
Information System
Committee on Exchanges
Communications Intelligence
Committee on Imagery Requirements and
Exploitation
Communications Security
Director of Central Intelligence
Director of Central Intelligence
Directive
Drug Enforcement Administration
Defense Intelligence Agency
Essential Elements of Information
Evasion and Escape
Economic Intelligence Committee
Electro-optical Intelligence
Electronics Intelligence
Emanations Security
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Foreign Counterintelligence
Foreign Intelligence
Foreign Instrumentation Signals
Intelligence
Foreign Material
General Defense Intelligence Program
Human Resources Committee
Imagery Collection Requirements Subcommittee
(COMIREX)
Interagency Defector Committee
Information Handling Committee
Interagency Intelligence Memorandum
Bureau of Intelligence and Research,
Department of State
Intelligence-Related Activities
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NIE
NITC
NMIC
NNWS
NPIC
NSA
NUCINT
OB
OPCON
OPINTEL
OPTINT
PHOTINT
PI
PRC (I)
RADINT
RECCE
RINT
S&T
SAO
SCC
SCI
SECOM
SIGINT
SIGINT Committee
SNIE
SNM
SSO
STIC
TELINT
TRANSEC
Joint Atomic Energy Intelligence
Committee
Laser Intelligence
National Intelligence Estimate
National Intelligence Tasking Center
National Military Intelligence Center
Non-Nuclear Weapon States
National Photographic Interpretation
Center
National Security Agency
Nuclear Intelligence
Order of Battle
Operational Control
Operational Intelligence
Optical Intelligence
Photographic Intelligence
Photographic Interpretation or
Photographic Interpretor
Policy Review Committee (Intelligence)
Radar Intelligence
Reconnaissance
Radiation Intelligence
Scientific and Technical
Special Activities Office
Special Coordination Committee
Sensitive Compartmented Information
Security Committee
Signals Intelligence
Signals Intelligence Committee
Special National Intelligence Estimate
Special Nuclear Materials
Special Security Officer
Scientific and Technical Intelligence
Committee
Telemetry Intelligence
Transmission Security
Weapon and Space Systems Intelligence
Committee
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DCID 1/2 ATTACI-IMENT: An annual publication by the Di-
rector of Central Intelligence (DCI) which establishes
a priorities classification system. The publication
,presents requirements categories and foreign countries
in a geotopical matrix, against which priorities are
assigned which provide the Intelligence Community with
basic substantive priorities guidance for the conduct
of all U.S. foreign intelligence activities. The document
includes a system for adjusting priorities between
annual publications. Priorities are approved by the DCI
with the advice of the National Foreign Intelligence
Board. (See Priority.)
ADVISORY TASKING: A non-directive statement of intelligence
interest or a request for intelligence information which
is addressed by an authorized element of the Intelligence
Community to departments or agencies having information
collection capabilities or intelligence assets not a part
of the National Foreign Intelligence Program.
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OPP PROPOSED DEFINITIONS
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1. OPP Acronym/Abbreviation Candidates:
CAMS - COMIREX Automated Management System
CCF - Collection Coordination Facility
CCP - Combined Cryptologic Program
CIAP - Central Intelligence Agency Program
GDIP - General Defense Intelligence Program
ICRS - Imagery Collection Requirements Subcommittee (COPIIREX)
NMIC - National Military Intelligence Center
NPIC - National Photographic Intelligence Center
2. Recommend putting DCI Committees in glossary - define as "See
Director of Central Intelligence Committee."
3. Recommend putting CCP, CIAP, and GDIP in glossary - define
as "See NFIP."
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 Approved
Approved
TRANSMITTAL SLIP
TO: NFAC, Attn:
RO7MN7
BUILDING
REMARKS:
FROM:
OLC
ROOM NO.
BUILDING I EXTENSION
00020006-6
 Washington.O. C, 20505
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Honorable Walter D. Huddleston, Chairman.
Subcommittee on Charters and Guidelines
Select Committee on Intelligence
United States Senate
Washington, D.C. 20510
Dear Mr. Chairman:
I am enclosing a paper containing definitions for the 26 intelligence-
related terms referenced in your letter of 19 September 1977 (P 9845). As
I noted in my interim reply of.17 October 1977, I wanted to have the inter-
agency working group on definitions review these terms and include input
from appropriate offices in the Intelligence Community. The working group
has done this, but I would like to note that these definitions do not
conform in. all instances with those currently being, used in Intelligence
Conmamity materials or activities, including the draft Executive Orden.
Also, of course, we will be considering definitions-for intelligence terns
in the course of the charter legislation process; a process, whi.ch, as you
know, involves unique definitional drafting requirements. In this sense,
therefore, the definitions provided here should be considered tentative.
I understand that our respective staffs have been in close contact
in this exercise. I am very glad to see this cooperation and look forward
to working with you as the charter legislation process proceeds.
Distribution:
Orig - Addressee, w/encl
1,- DCI, w/encl
1 - A/DDCI, w/encl
1 - ER, w/encl
1 AD/DCI/IC w/encl
STAT . 1 - IC Staff, lencl
1 IC Staff w/encl
STAT 4- NIO, w
1 - OGC, w encl
1 - OLC Subject, w/encl
1 - OLC Chrono, w/encl
OLC:RLB:sm (retyped 7 Dec 77)
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INTELLIGENCE: A generic term which includes foreign intelligence and
foreign counterintelligence. (See below.)
INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES: A generic term used to describe the efforts
and endeavors undertaken by the departments, agencies, and elements
comprising the Intelligence Community.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE (FI): The product of the collecting, processing
and analyzing of information relating to the capabilities, intentions
and activities of foreign powers, organizations or persons, but not
including foreign counterintelligence except for information on inter-
national terrorist activities.
FOREIGN COUNTERINTELLIGENCE: Information gathered and activities conducted
to protect against espionage and other clandestine intelligence activities,
sabotage, international terrorist activities or assassinations conducted
for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons, but not
including personnel, physical, document or communications security
,programs.
TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE: That information required by military commanders
to maintain the readiness of operational forces and to support the planning
and conduct of military operations.
INTERNATIONAL TERRORIST ACTIVITIES: Any activities which
1 involve:
(a) killing, causing serious bodily harm to or kidnapping one
or more individuals, or
(b) violent destruction of property, or
(c) an attempt or credible threat to commit acts specified in
subparagraphs (a) or (b) above; and
(2) appear intended to endanger a protectee of the Secret Service
or the Department of State or to further political, social, or
economic goals by:
(a) intimidating or coercing a civilian population or any
segment thereof, or
(b) influencing the policy of a government or international
organization by intimidation or coercion, or
(c) obtaining widespread publicity for a group or its cause; and
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(3) transcends national boundaries in terms of:
(a) the means by which it is accomplished,
(b) the civilian population, government or international
organization it appears intended to coerce or intimidate,
or
(c) the locale in which its perpetrators operate or seek asylum.
DEPARTMENT(AL) INTELLIGENCE: Foreign intelligence produced and used within
a governmental department or agency in order to meet unique requirements of
the department or agency mission.
INTELLIGENCE-RELATED ACTIVITIES: Those activities, not included in the
National Foreign Intelligence Program, that respond to tasking by operational
military commanders for time-sensitive information on foreign activities;
respond to national Intelligence Community advisory tasking of collection
capabilities which have a primary mission to support operating forces or
departmental information needs; train personnel for intelligence duties;
provide an intelligence reserve; or are devoted to research and develop-
ment of intelligence or related capabilities. Intelligence-related
activities do not include programs which are so closely integrated with
a weapon system that their primary function is to provide immediate data
for targeting purposes.
COMMUNICATIONS INTELLIGENCE (COMINT): Technical and intelligence information
derived from intercept of foreign communications by other than the intended
recipients. COMINT does not include the monitoring of-foreign public media
nor the intercept of oral or written communication obtained during the
course of foreign counterintelligence investigations within the United
States.
ELECTRONICS INTELLIGENCE (FLINT): Technical and'intelligence information
derived from foreign noncommunications electromagnetic radiations emanating
from other than atomic detonation or radioactive sources.
FOREIGN INSTRUMENTATION SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE (FISINT): Information derived
from the collection and processing of foreign telemetry, beaconry, and
associated signals.
SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE (SIGINT): A category of intelligence information
comprising all communications intelligence, electronics intelligence,
and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence, either individually
or in combination, including as well nonimagery infrared and coherent
light signals.
NONCOMMUNICATIONS EMANATIONS: That class of radiations which are emitted
intentionally or unintentionally by electrical or electronic equipments
for purposes other than communications, e.g., by radars, navigational
aids, jammers, or remote control systems.
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UNITED STATES SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM: An entity comprised-of the
National Security Agency (including assigned military personnel), those
elements of the military departments and the Central Intelligence Agency
.performing signals intelligence activities, and those elements of any
other department or agency which may from time-to-time be authorized by
the National Security Council to perform signals intelligence activities
during the time when such elements are so authorized.
COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY (COMSEC): The protection resulting from the
application of any measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information
relating to the national security which might be derived from telecommunica-
tions or to ensure the authenticity of such telecommunications.
TRANSMISSION SECURITY (TRANSSEC): The component of communications
security which results from all measures designed to protect trans-
missions from interception and from exploitation by means other than
cryptanalysis.
EMISSION SECURITY (EMSEC): The component of communications security
which results from all measures taken to deny to unauthorized persons
information of value which might be derived from interception and analysis
of compromising emanations from crypto-equipment and telecommunications
systems.
PHYSICAL SECURITY: Physical measures--such as safes, vaults, perimeter
barriers, guard systems, alarms and access controls--designed to safe-
guard installations against damage, disruption or unauthorized entry;
information or material against unauthorized access or theft; and specified
personnel against harm.
PERSONNEL SECURITY: The means or procedures, such as selective investiga-
tions, record checks, personal interviews, supervisory controls, designed
to provide reasonable assurance that persons being considered for, or
granted access to, classified information are loyal and trustworthy.
CRYPT ECURITY: The component of communications security that results
from ne provision of technically sound cryptosystems and their proper use.
CRYPTOLOGY: The branch of knowledge that treats the principles of
ary-pto.ogy and cryptanalytics and is used to produce communications
:ttel,l~lgence and maintain communications security and signals security.
CRYPTOLOGIC ACTIVITIES: The activities and operations involved in the
production of signals intelligence and the maintenance of communications
secutrt.ty.
':., t
Z. J
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CODE: A cryptosystem in which the cryptographic equivalents (usually
called "code groups"), typically consisting of letters or digits (or
both) in otherwise meaningless combinations, are substituted for plain-
text elements such as words, phrases, or sentences.
CIPHER: A cryptosystem in which the cryptographic treatment (i.e., the
method for transforming plain text by predetermined rules to obscure or
.conceal its meaning) is applied to plaintext elements (such as letters,
digits, polygraphs or bits) which either have no intrinsic meaning or
are treated without regard to their meaning (e.g., if the element is a
natural-language word).
CRYPTOSYSTEM: All associated items of cryptomaterial (e.g., crypto-
equipments and their removable components, operation instructions,
maintenance manuals and keying materials) that are used as a unit to
provide a single means of encryption and decryption. (In addition, code,
cipher and cryptographic systems include any mechanical or electrical device
or method used for the purpose of disguising, authenticating, or concealing
the contents, significance or meanings or communications.)
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATES (NIEs): Assessments of situations abroad
that are relevant to the formulation of United States foreign, economic
and national security policy, and that project probable future foreign
courses of action and developments. They are structured to present any
differences of view within the Intelligence Community, and are issued by
the Director of Central Intelligence with the advice of the National
Foreign Intelligence Board.
U.'
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