CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91B00135R000200320005-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 11, 2008
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: September 19, 1983
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

 Hc Approved For Release 2008/01/11 :CIA-RDP91 B001 35R000200320005-1
that V1' enforces the normal and ML LF:AHY. Madam President, will
accepted- principle . of reciprocity?; the Senator from Kentucky yield me a
couple of minutes?
'
h
t
d
d
o
e
W
a
groun
s woul
they have t
r
-
tallate against a rule of equivalence7.
Of course, we know that the.Soviets
do not need reasonable grounds to Jus-
tify'their conduct, but thfs'.amend-
ment does.not give them an excuse to
retaliate;
Equally important, by Including
more than Just accredited diplomats in
the meaning of the term "official pres-
ence," the amendment makes it possi-
ble to lower the ceiling for Sovietposi-
tions by focusing: on the Soviet com-
mercial; establishments. The :United
.States has no office in the Soviet
Union comparable to' Amtorg,. the
Soviet' commercial establishment' in
New York City. Therefore, the Soviets
'.would not have a convenient target to
go after If'we-insisted in reducing-or
eliminating the-Amtorg office...:::;:
Overall, in the final analysis it is
necessary to weigh the totality. of the
benefits and, possible risks to~-the
United States. Reducing the Soviet of-
ficial presence in the United States is
not a symbolic gesture, because the
size of that presence creates direct and
Immediate dangers to the national se-
curity. of the United States. Cutting
back on the numbers will clearly in-
hibit the ability of Soviet intelligence
to-operate in this country. -In my Judg-
ment, that.. benefit itself outweighs
Madam President, I reseri'e'the re-
mainder of our time.
? Mr. PRYOR. Madam President, I
would like to say a few words in sup-
' port of the amendment by the Senator
from Kentucky.
A recent series of articles by the
New York Times described the nature
and extent of present KGB activities
in the Western democracies.
The Times referred to a U_S: Gov-
'ernment report which concluded that
the last.i0 years of. Western technol-
ogy collection by the Soviet intelli-
gence agencies have saved the Warsaw
Pact 'countries "hundreds of millions
.. Mr..HUDDLESTON. I yield the Sen-
ator from Vermont 2 minutes i
: Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, I
Join' my distinguished colleague from
Kentucky, Senator HcnnLesroN. in' of-
fering, an amendment to declare the
intent of the United States to reduce
the official Soviet.' presence in this
country to the.-approximate level of
American Government employees in
the Soviet Union. In calculating the
number' of Soviet." officials in the
United States,.we would naturally ex-
elude ' Soviet -,representation to the
United Nations in New York. : .
=Madam L: President,' T. support . this
measure as an' effective; responsible
protest against the - brutal, Soviet
downing'of. Korean Air Lines flight-
007, killing 269 "innocent civilians.
Equalizing the Soviet official presence
in the United States with that of our
country over there will not damage
the ability :of :the two. nuclear: super-
powers . to maintain diplomatic con-
tacts. In the nuclear age, we and the'
Soviets must continue to talk and to
negotiate, above all in the area of
arms control I commend again Presi-
dent:Reagan's refusal to' delay the
Geneva negotiations or strategic and
intermediate range weapons. Neverthe-
less, let us show our revulsion and
.anger in deeds as well as word ? ? ? as
this amendment willdo.
Let me review the statistic provided
by the FBI:on the Soviet presence in
the- United States. Setting aside the
518 Soviet officials accredited-to the
United Nations, there are some 454
other Soviet Government represents.
fives living and working in the United
States. Thatlater figure Includes TASS
correspondents, who are employees of
the Soviet Government. The FBI in-
forms me -that around 40 percent of all
Soviet -employees work for various In-
telligence arms of their government. L
Madam President, I recently visited
the Soviet Union in a 'delegation
headed by the distinguished ranking
minority member of the Foreign Rela-
of dollars" and "years in development , tions Committee, Senator Pet. A cen-
time." The stolen: Western technology.., tralpurpose of our-trip_was to do what
.aided the modernization-of, the pact's - we could to help the arms control situ
weapons Industry, weapons perform
anee, and the development of counter-
measures to Western military capabili-
ty.
.. The U.S. Government report went
on to say- that the manpower. levels
which Soviet intelligence agencies i
have allocated to this effort."have in-
creased significantly since the 1970's
to the point where there are now sev-
eral thousand .technology' collection
officers at work. These personnel
under various covers ranging from dip-
lomats to Journalists to trade officials,
are assigned throughout the. world."? .
Evidence indicates that among.legal
Soviet residents of Western nations, 30
td-40 Percent are officers in the KGB
or'the GRU, the Soviet military intel
ligence organization , - - "
For.these reasons, I believe that the
Senate has a duty' to adopt the Hudd-
?lestonamendment today.?
ation 'Hardly had we landed in the
United States after this mission of
good will than we learned of the-terri-
ble Korean Air Lines tragedy.
While in Moscow, I viewed firsthand
the abysmal conditions under which
our people must live' and work. I wit- I
nessed the tight controls over the lives
of American officials. We have only
some'300 U.S. Government employees
in the Soviet Union:'There is, as I un-
derstand, no officialnumerical ceiling
on our representatives, but there mays
as well be. Our people arejammed Into,
overcrowded, dilapidated, appallingly,
inadequate quarters.
I visited with "many of them last
month in Moscow. We seem to make it
very easy for the Soviet Union to have.
accommodations far more luxurious
than their people would have in their
own country, when they come here,
but we do not see any kind of recipro-
cation-'The United States does not get
anywhere. near as nice accommoda-
tions for Its people. Even if we wanted
to send more people, we could not
until new facilities are available, 'As
far as I could see, it will be years yet
before our. mew chancery and living
quarters will .be. completed. Mean-1
while, the Soviets' are quite comfort-
able In their new Embassy compound.
There.ls a disparity of some 150 be-
tween Soviet .and American Govern.
ment-employees in each other's coun-
tries-again, excluding the enormous
Soviet U.N. Mission in New York. -A
phased reduction of the Soviet official
presence In the United States to. ap-
Proximately thenumber of American
employees in the Soviet Union would
not only be a strong signal of our out-
rage."over the KAL incident, It would
contribute to balance and equity, be-
tween .the,two countries in the treat-
ment of each other's representatives _.
Madam President, there has been a
good deal of criticism here today
about our continued pursuit of arms
control with the Soviet Union. Some
have alluded to alleged Soviet viola-
tions of arms agreements and treaties.
I regret- this exploitation S of ' the
Korean Air Lines tragedy, to attack
the arms control process. Outrage over
this callous act should not be used for
such purposes. It sullies our expres-
sions of grief and loss over the victims.
. Frankly. d, too, am concerned about
ambiguous and unexplained Soviet be-
aavior regarding the unratified SALT
HI treaty and the ABM treaty, But, I
refuse to allow the Korean airliner
episode to deflect me from my deter-
mination to support mutual, verifiable
arms agreements that strengthen
American security and reduce the risk
of war. When in the Soviet Union, I
presented Chairman Yuri Andropov
with a statement outlining my. con-
cerns about arms control compliance. I
ask unanimous consent that a copy of
my statement to Chairman Andropov
appear at the end of my remarks. '
The PRESIDING OFFICER, With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
` Mr. LEAHY. Even though It should .,have n bearing;theKorean Air Lines incident does underline a fundamental
reality I attempted to convey to Soviet
leaders: Their lack of restraint can and
will erode the political base of support
for the' arms control process in the II
UnitedStates unless they -show a.
greater sensitivity to genuine Ameri-
can concerns,.: about their behavior.
Unless the Soviet Union can be made
to understand how its actions affect
American attitudes, . I fear for the
future of arms control What a monu-
mental tragedy It would be If, by ig-
noring basic norms 'of international be-
havior and by refusing to respond ap-
propriately to legitimate American
questions about compliance with arms
control'agreements, the Soviet Union
were to destroy the broad support for
arms control which now exists in this
country. .
 :M Approved For Release 2008/01/11: CIA-RDP91 B00135R000200320005-1
message to the Soviet Union. We can
do this by adopting this amendment to -
- equalize official representation.
ElHrsrr 1
STATEMENT t?O CHAIRMAN YURC A"ROPOV
(By Senator Patrick Leahy)
Mr. Chairman. I have come to Moscow for
one overriding purpose: to underline my
deep and growing concern that the arms
control process is in jeopardy.
. Perhaps you know that my colleagues and
I are strong advocates of verifiable .arms
control between the United States and the
Soviet Union. I - supported the SALT 11
Treaty, and I earnestly hope the Geneva ne-
gotiations will soon lead to equitable agree-
ments.
-. However, In all frankness. I must tell you
that questionable Soviet activity regarding
existing formal and informal arms agree-
ments is causing me increasing concern. Al-
though there are important Issues relating
to the possible use of chemical weapons in
Afghanistan and Southeast Asia. my main
concerns at this meeting are about the unra-
titled SALT II Treaty which both sides say
.they will observe, and the Anti Ballistic Mis-
sile Treaty. .
I am worried by reports that the Soviet
Union Is testing two new Intercontinental
ballistic missiles, when the SALT II Treaty
permits only one. Perhaps even more coons.
some for the future of verifiable arm! con-
trol is the level of encryption of telemetry
from soviet strategic missile tests. Access to
telemetry is necessary to verify compliance
with important provisions of SALT IT. as
well as any future treaty with qualitative
limitations. Recently. there have also been
press reports of the construction in the
Soviet Union of a large phased array radar
in a location which could be inconsistent
with the ABM Treaty.
Mr. Chairman, I do not wish to debate
these matters. My intention Is to explain to
you the widening distress among all mem-
bers of the United States Senate, Republi-
can and Democrat, regarding your country's
activities. Arms control supporters like
myself can't defend the arms control proc-
ess when Soviet behavior raises legitimate
questions which remain unanswered. . -
Not only may the political basis for
American 'observance of SALT II thus be
weakened, a climate is being created which
will make Senate approval of any future
arms agreement much more difficult. For
the United States to ratify any treaty, two-
thirds of the -100 senators must agree
Whether they do or not will depend mainly
on the'past Soviet arms control record =
.There may be valid explanations for all
-these activities. As one who firmly believes
mutual, verifiable arms reductions and liml- .
- tations are good for both our countries. I
urge you to resolve our concerns. This
would immeasurably strengthen those in
the United States who are convinced that
arms control can reduce the terrible threat
to our peoples of a nuclear catastrophe. - .
and told him he had this weapon he
can use with any country, the equiva-
lency of diplomatic representation,
and I do not think anybody can give us
an accurate figure of how many Sovi-
ets are working in this country against
our country.. But we do.have slightly
in, excess of 200 in the whole of Russia,
and eyeball-to-eyeball intelligence just
exists over there...,
So this is already the law, and -I
would just like to impress once again -
on the President that he, has this
power if he wants to use it, if he can
get the timid State Department to do
something about it.
I yield the floor. '
Mr. McCLURE. Madam President,
will the Senator from Kentucky yield
for a unanimous-consent request?
Mr. HUDDLESTON...Yes, I will
yield.
Madam President, how much time
remains?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator has 3 minutes.. ..
Mr. McCLURE. Madam President, I
ask unanimous consent that I be
added as a cosponsor, to the amend-
ment. .. .
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. ARMSTRONG. Madam Presi-
dent, I make the same unanimous-con-
sent request. The PRESIDING OFFICER, With-
out objection, it is so ordered..
Mr. NICKLES. Madam President,-I
make the same request:'
The PRESIDING OFFICER: With-
out objection, It is so ordered.
Mr. BOREN. Madam President, I
ask unanimous consent that ?I" be
added as a cosponsor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.-
Who yields time?
-" . .
Mr. FORD. Madam President, I-ask
unanimous consent that I be added as
The PRESIDING OFFICER, With.
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. MOYNIHAN. Madam President,
if the Senator from Kentucky, for the
moment will reserve the remainder of
his time-1-make three points: The
overriding one is that the administra-
tion has asked us to send the Presi-
dent this measure declaring the action
of the Soviet Union to be a crime so
that he may sign it today; that In 2
days there will be a unanimous action
by the House, the Senate, and the
President In conformity. ; `.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Madam Presi- For the first time in the.history of
dent, will the Senator yield me a the Senate, we will have declared the
couple of minutes? - ' - behavior of another government to be
Mr. IIUDDLESTON. I yield 2 min- a crime. No stronger action could be
utes to the Senator from Arizona. - contemplated. To dilute it with mat.
Mr..GOLDWATER. I became a co- ters extraneous to. that central asser-
- sponsor of this amendment .because- tion seems to those of. us who have
either last year or the year before we been voting to keep the House resolu.
s before the intelligence - tion intact 'and not to go to confer.
h
ld h
arin
e
e
g
Committee on this very subject, and ence, to be the wise move. ` - -
what the amendment states is already
the law. .. "
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The second point I would make,
Madam President, is that the Senator
from Arizona, the distinguished chair-
man of the Intelligence Committee, is
altogether correct. The Foreign Ms=
sions Act of 1982 gives the President
not just the power that he'has to
demand-parity, but instructs him: to
demand parity and require, it and
obtain it if necessary by refusing the
admission of foreign diplomats where
there is not parity..'- = . ... .
What we need is more American dip-
lomats In.the Soviet Union. And this
would work directly- contrary to.that
objective and policy, - or should be
policy.;.=
Third, Madam President, hope we
would not get to use this occasion for
minimal concerns. We are talking
about a crime. We are not -talking
about the accreditation of vice coun-
sels.
There are crimes goingon right now.
Six years ago in this body I introduced
legislation, and have done so in every
Congress, that asks the Government
of the United States to force the
Soviet Embassy, soon to be on Mount
Alto, the highest site in the District,
to stop intercepting phone calls of
American citizens, including Members
of this body-a crime if an American
does It. It Issomething the Soviets do
here, In New York, In San Francisco'
and in Chicago, about which we do
nothing. And this body, filled with
brave souls in these matters, has not
chosen - to do a think about that. It
seems to me rather more relevant
than the number of press attaches and
KGB agents. .. ..
The distinguished chairman says
there is not - much eyeballing In the
U.S.S.R. He does indeed know that the
principal source of intelligence in the
Soviet - Union - is the budget of the
United States of America and the CoN-
GRESS1oNAL Rscoan. They can have
that mailed to Toronto if they really
got down to it. :..:: .
But, without-in'anyway wishing to
demean the purposes of this=l know
the Senator from Kentucky is as frus-
trated, as all of us have been after our
hearings on the Intelligence Commlt-
tee, - that the State -Department has -
not done what It can do and which the
law directs them: to do-I would, even
so, suggest that ths's an inappropri--
ate vehicle, given the urgency of get-
tins this matter to the- President's-
'desk tonight. Therefore, reluctantly,
because the Senator from Kentucky
knows the regard with which I hold
him and the Senator from Arizona
knows the fear in which- I hold him,
when the Senator from Kentucky has
completed his time, I shall move to-
table the resolution. -
 Approved For Release 2008/01/11
(liar. t.un .r. asumeu Lac Gtual[.i
Mr. MATSUNAGA. Will the Senator
from New York yield?
Mr. MOYNIHAN. May I ask Mr.
President. how much time I have re-.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The'
Senator has 5 minutes remaining.'.
Mr. MOYNIHAN. I am happy 'to
yield to the Senator from Hawaii.
Mr. MATSUNAGA. For the reasons
so eloquently "stated by. the Senator
from New York. I would urge the Sen-
ator from Kentucky to seriously con-
sider withdrawing his. amendment: so
that we can promptly act upon the
resolution and send it to. the. President.
for his signature, as he bad hoped, to-
night. And I will'make this` assurance
to the.Senator from Kentucky: than.
the next time he offers his proposal;! will be a cosponsor of,it.
Mr. HUDDLESTON. U. the Senator
will yield to me for a minute. I-will tell
him that I will give him that opportu-
nity.. Because if the. fate of this
amendment is what has been the fate
of the others, I do intend to offer it as
a subsequent resolution.
However, in view of the arguments
made by the Senator from New York.
which ?support this- amendment . so
strongly, that it is necessary, I must
say that I agree with him. I think- we
ought to do something about the
Soviet intelligence presence in this
country. I would like to close the. San
Francisco Consulate. and I originally
had it in* this amendment, but I
thought we ought to try to be a little
more moderate at this time.. .
There is tremendous imbalance here.
And our poor old FBI that has to look
out for all these folks would like very
much to see a reduction In their pres-
ence here. The CIA Is another matter.
They look at it from a different stand-
But, at any rate, I think it is well to
go' ahead and consider this and give
the Senate an opportunity * to vote.
This would add I think some more
substance to the resolution. The Presi-
dent would have no reason to really
oppose this. As the Senator from New
York says, it is what should be done
anyhow. ... -?.
Before the Senator -makes the
motion. I wanted to make sure, for
those who indicated they wanted to be
cosponors, that their names were re-
ceived at the desk.' Let me remind you,
W. President; that Senators ARM-
STRONG. :MCCLURE, HAWKINS. BOREN,
JOHNSTON. COHEN and FoaD, in addi-
tion to those already listed, have indi-
cated their desire to be cosponsors.
As far as I know, no one else is seek-
ing time on this.
Mr. CHILES. Will the Senator yield?
Mr. HUDDLESTON. I yield the time
I have remaining to the Senator from
Florida -' - -
Mr. CHILES.. Mr. President, I just
wanted to complement the Senator on'
offering of this amendment. It seems
to me this Is a very legitimate way in
which we can respond. I think it is re-
It seems to me that we do a disserv-
ice if we do not very strongly- express
to the Russians'. the commitment of
our feelings and how deep those feel
ings are, on the subject. We . have
talked in many ways about the need to
try to get our allies to go along with
us. And I think that is true; I think.we
need to do that.' : - : - _ -
' I -think, again, we want to keep our
hands off of the arms talks and try to
allow those to progress. I - think we
want to be careful that we do not take
some steps that are irresponsible. .
., It seems to me what the Senator
from Kentucky. is - reaching in his
amendment is a very responsible way.
"Mr. NUNN: Will the Senator- from
New York yield me 30 seconds? ' --
'Mr. MOYNIHAN. I am happy to do
so.
.. Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I ask the
majority leader and the managei,of
the -bill on the-'minority -side what
their forecast is for final passage. The
reason I ask " is 'that - Senator' MAT.
TINGLY and r are on the horns-of a
very 'unpleasant dilemma; because we
.both would. like to vote for:final pas-
sage and vote for this very severe con-
demnation of : the Soviet's behavior
but, on the other hand, there is a me,
morial service for Congressman Mc-
Donald, who, of course, was one of the
victims of this tragedy: The. memorial
service Is in our home State of Georgia
and we must depart on an airplane in
order to make.that. _--'.
I -would just like to get some feel so
we can make a judgment about how
we handle this impossible choice.
Mr. BAKER. Mr.-President, if the
Senator will permitme to-reply, I am
sympathetic in the - extreme. The
junior Senator from Georgia also men=
tioned this to me. I cannot think of a
more difficult conflict; that is to say, a'
memorial service for Congressman Mc-
Donald, on the one hand, and final
passage of this resolution of condem-
nation, on the other.
I wish I could offer some advice on
how to proceed. I cannot.
All I can say is that I hope that we
will get to final passage on this meas-
ure within the next 45 minutes.-There
are several other amendments, but I
begin to get the feeling that there may
not be other rollcalls, except final pas-
sage, with the exception of the Hudd-
leston amendment.
Mr. NUNN; If there is going to be
any kind of delay for any reason to at.
commodate other Senators on "final
passage; I hope both sides of the aisle
would consider starting the vote at the
earliest possible time on final passage
so that Senator MATTINGLY and I could
record our strong feelings on this sub-
ject. , - . ' ..
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I assure
the Senator I will make every effort to 1 f, do that. i.- - - ,
Mr. MOYNIHAN: Mr. President, I
yield back the remainder of mytime. ,
- -Mr. HUDDLESTON. Mr. President,
I yield back the remainder of my time.
Mr; BAKER. Mr. President, I move
to table the amendment and I ask for
the yeas and nays. "- .
The , PRESIDING OFFICER. ' Is
there a sufficient second? There is a
sufficient second.
The yeas and nays were ordered- .:'
The PRESIDING -OFFICER, The
question is on agreeing to the motion
to lay on the table the amendment of
the Senator from Kentucky. The yeas
and nays have-been ordered and the
clerk will can theroll. i The legislative clerk calledtthe roll:
Mr. STEVENS. I announce that the
Senator from Nevada' (Mr.' I.AxALT)
and the Senator.from South Dakota
(Mr. PRESSLER), are necessarily absent.
.Mr. BYRD. I announce that the
Senator from 'California (Mr.. CRAN-
sTON), the Senator from Ohio ' (Mr.
GLENN), the Senator from South Caro-
Tina (Mr. HOLLINGS), and the Senator
from Louisiana (Mr. LONG) are neces-
sarily absent. -..r .... ' :.
',The. PRESIDING OFFICER)'=Are
there any other Senators in the Cham-
ber wishing to vote?