CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00965R000500040018-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 15, 2004
• Sequence Number: 18
• Publication Date: January 1, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A4521
about 125 ' miles of main rivers, besides the more self-dependent, and to increase her percent, its expenditures 4 percent, and its
alteration or rebuilding of over 1,500 bridges, sales of manufactured goods, especially to gross revenue 6 percent. It still operates at
reconstruction of weirs, etc. The work will the dollar area. Many avenues are being ex- a loss-which is borne by the Irish Govern-
take about 10 years to complete, and is esti- plored, with gratifying results. During re- ment-but the loss declined to only $175,000
mated to cost about $6 million, entirely cent months contacts have been made and last year. In May of this year, weekly serv-
defrayed from state funds. I markets opened in various countries for the ices to Biarritz and to Barcelona were begun.
The acreage of cereal crops in 1954 was sale of Irish goods. These include gypsum Better known to Americans is the Shannon
1,193,300 acres, as against 1,117,500 the year wallboard, to the U. S.; transformers, to In- Airport, close to the historic city of Limer-
before. Wheat, in particular, showed a gain die; cornflakes, to Portugal; lightweight ick. The number of landings at Shannon
of 137,900 acres. The growing'of sugar beets tweeds, jams, and chocolates, to Canada, be- grew from 4,993 in 1951 to 8,208 in 1954; the
has had a remarkable development. In 1926 sides Waterford cutglass, the whole exhibit number of passengers practically doubled,
the first beet-sugar factory was built, at of which, at the Toronto Fair, was bought by and the business transacted showed a
Carlow. Three additional factories have been one firm. A trade mission just returned from healthy increase, including a good volume of
built since, in other localities, with exten- the British West Indies reports that a display typical Irish goods. The Esso organization
sions in 1952. All belong to the Irish Sugar held in Port of Spain, Trinidad, was opened has just installed there a hydrant refueling
Co., which contracts with the growers, by the Minister of Commerce, and awakened system, the largest and most modern in Eu-
through their organization, for the season's wide interest. Agents were appointed for rope. The Minister of Commerce says that
price. Cooperative groups-of which there more than 60 Irish firms. Irish products the Government prides itself on the service
were in 1954 157, a gain of 35 In 1 year-are most in demand are meat and dairy products, furnished to passengers and on the technical
buying the most modern farm machines, to stout, and prune wine. New contacts were assistance to aircraft; it is now studying the
be used by the small farmers. The 4 factories arranged for confectionary sisal matting, possibilities of developing the customs-free
can handle 1 million tons of beets, yearly, Irish mist liqueur and Waterford cutglass. facilities of this port. An interesting exam-
producing 140,000 tons of sugar. Last year, In Ireland itself, factories recently estab- ple of. the growing importance of Shannon
records were set in the amount of beets pro- lished include a cotton mill in Sligo, a tan- was the beginning there, in January last, of
duced-808,625 tons-in average yield per nery in Kerry, and a factory for substitutes transatlantic service by the German Luft-
acre and in sugar content. Beets are now the for sole leather in Cork. The Government hansa.
third largest money crop-surpassed only by has announced that an oil refinery is planned, Ireland's recent progress is due in large
wheat and potatoes-and seventh in acre- three companies agreeing to join in its di- part to the energetic development of her
age. The retail price of sugar, 7d., is esti- rection and operation. As a result of such power resources, both from water and from
mated the lowest in any country, except activities, the industrial output of the the peat bogs, which exist in many parts of
Norway. country rose from $323 million in 1951 to the country. While these bogs have always
Probably no Irish product is better known $352 million in 1954. The number of factory furnished a main source of fuel in the coun-
in this country than bacon. Hence it is in- workers-about 228,000-set a new high, and try districts, it was realized only recently
teresting to read that during the first quar- the index of their wages rose from 249.7 to that the peat is a valuable source of power.
ter of 1955, the bacon factories received 253.1. "Wholesale prices fluctuated little, The Bord na Mona (Peat Development
297,895 pigs, compared to 277,348 and 219,855 and the index of retail prices was unchanged Board) has been entrusted by the Govern=
in the 2 previous years. The figures fur- since August," stated the minister of finance, ment. with the task of milling peat into
nished by the Irish Minister of Finance show, in introducing the budget in the Dail (Par- briquettes, which was first tried at the Bog
too, a remarkable gain in the export of cattle liament), in May 1955. of Allen in 1933. The work has been so
last year, rising to 216,000 cattle, valued at that twhole future program of
peat that the h er stations future to be based
$35 million compared to 141,000 valued at As previously noted, Ireland is a debtor successful
$21 million the year before. Agricultural country, and hence makes every effort to on using in it. The Board proposes to use some sixty
prosperity is reflected in the wages of farm reduce her trade deficit. Her success is to seventy thousand acres of bog for devel-
shown by figures cited by the minister, viz,
July 19, 54, , the is against nt of 299.1 In in 1953 stood . at Thhiss.8 has s ?Imports, last year, amounted to ? -' * al- oping electricity, thus changing the bogs
July 19 from permanent distressed areas into a
halted, at least temporarily, the decrease in most $8,400,000 less than iii 1953, 953, while ex- source of strength to the country, furnish,
farm workers; and the industry is hoping ports were $2,800,000 more . We earned ing employment and helping the rural elec-
that slight surplus with the dollar area, which
that the changing trend may continue. Dur- trification program. This program, accord-
ing 1954; also, purchases of agricultural ma- though it may be purely temporary, is a ing to the Minister for Industry, speaking in
chinery from abroad increased 40 percent, phenomenon without precedent in our rec= the Dail in the spring of 1954, is "The most
'including 5,377 tractors, against 4,360 the ords. * * * There is obviously much room ambitious * * * development ever under-
year before. In the fall of 1954 a meeting of for expansion of direct trade with the dollar taken in this country." It began 8 years
1,200 farmers from all parts of Ireland laid area.,, ago. The number of rural homes electrf-
plans for a new national organization, to pro- The promotion of industry and the expan- fled each year is some 33,000, and it is hoped
mote the efficiency of Irish agriculture. It is sion of trade,involves the improving of means to complete the scheme in 6 more years.
gratifying to know that each summer recent- of transportation; and toward this end the As of last year, it was announced that 36
ly, boys from American 4-H Clubs and corre- Irish Government and people are devoting percent of the rural population had access
sponding Irish clubs have traveled to each their best efforts. Ireland has numerous to electricity, and that in the completed
other's countries and observed each other's good harbors, including the magnificent har- areas 67 percent of the dwellings were con-
methods of work and ways of life. bor at Galway, the nearest European port nected. Most of it was used for domestic
Next to farming, the traditional occupa- to the United States. The chief ports at purposes, and a steady rise in demand for
tion of the Irish has been fishing. Familiar present are Dublin and Cobh, the harbor of the larger appliances, such as cookers, water
to American audiences through the Man of Cork. The port of Dublin is being constantly heaters, and washing machines, is shown.
Aran and other films, deep-sea fishing off the remodeled, its deep-water berthage being One of the four national power stations,
rough west coast, and salmon and other game now five times what it was as late as 1939. that at Ferbane in Offaly, used only milled
fishing on inland lakes and streams plays a This improvement cost over $3 million and peat for fuel. The peat is obtained from the
prominent role in Irish life, and has attract- the work of deepening the bar, which took bog of Boora, nearby, which not long ago
ed to the country multitudes of visitors. 2 years, was completed in 1951, at a cost of was a treacherous swampy waste, but in
Every effort is being made to improve and $1,400,000. Cork harbor is being provided which more than 3 million yards of drains
stabilize the fishing resources of Ireland. In with a new turning basin at the North Kuays, and narrow-gage railways have been laid.
1952 a sea fisheries board was established by through a grant of $1,200,000 from the Na- When in full production the plant will have
law, to take over the work of a cooperative tional Development Fund. To modernize its own railway system, v(ith about 35 miles
association started in 1931, whose problems the railway system, a new public loan was of track, over 400 wagons and 400 tractors.
had been intensified by World War II, taus- floated this year by the CIE (Gaelic for the Nearby a whole village of 104 houses has
ing difficulties in procuring proper boats and Irish Transportation System), to provide been built to house the married workers.
tackle. The board has recently launched a money for 94 diesel engines, and the first Housing is under the care of the Irish
new power trawler, better than heretofore of these have already been installed. It is department of local government, and, thanks
in use. Last year, the Government made an intended to have all CIE rail services oper- to its initiative, many of the picturesque
appropriation for. furnishing new boats to steel by diesels by June 1956. but outmoded dwellings that used to draw
fishermen, who, if they are "competent, able, Progress in air transportation is steady unfavorable attention have disappeared. In
and willing to work hard," can obtain the and encouraging. The airport of Dublin, their place we find new modern houses, of
new boats without prepayment or deposit. from which the Aer Lingus Lines fly to Brit- which about 42,000 had been completed be-
4 survey of salmon and sea-trout fishing is sin and all parts of Western Europe, and the tween March 1947 and May 1955. Six thou-
being sponsored jointly by the Government great port of Shannon, the first eastern sand more were being built, 3,000 bid on,
and Guinness Brewers. point of contact for Americans going to Eu- and over 10,000 sites were available. Even
While it is not intended that Ireland will rope, are a source of pride to the Irish, and in remote parts, such as the island of Achill
or'should become industrialized to the degree statistics show that they are immensely suc- off the west coast, modern villages have been
that England is, it is realized that, for her cessful. Aer Lingua carried 297,000 more built up. The money spent on housing dur-
own safety as well as to reduce the unfavor- passengers in the fiscal year 1954 than in ing 1952 was about $19 million-a substan-
able balance of trade, the country's resources the year before, and collected about $41/4 tial sum for so small a country. Aiding in
ought to be handled so as to make her people million in fares. Its freight increased 28 the success is the fact that in 1954 Ireland
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A4522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
became self-suffcienr; In making its own prevented from joining NATO by the re-
cement. quirement of accepting the validity of the
Health and hospital aation have made spec- British occupation of her northern counties,
tacular advances in the country since rode- she maintains the most friendly relations
pendence came. Irish hospitals have re with all the free world. It is not forgotten
ceived considerable piblicity in America, on that her great leader, Eamon de Valera,
account of the Sweeps takes plan which partly made his mark as President of the former
.supports them; hence, it will not be surpris- League of Nations. Ireland is affiliated with
ing to learn that the country is well equipped many of the specialized agencies of the
with. hospitals of mo( t modern construction United Nations, especially with the WHO.
and equipment. Under a new building pro- Within the past 2 years, many international
gram started after the late war, 11,000 beds in bodies of scholars and businessmen have
new or reconstructed hospitals are being in- met in Dublin-among them the European
stalled, and in the 6 rears, 1947-53, over 832 Broadcasting Union, the World Medical As-
million was provided by the Government sociatipn, an international optical confer-
from the hospitals' trust fund for construe- ence and the International. Astronomical
tion of hospitals; an a sample is the new Gal- Union. Irish delegates go regularly to elm-
way Regional Hospits.l of 486 beds, costing liar meetings in other countries, such as the
over $4 million. TB Conference in London, the Iserlohn Fes-
Less talked about, but probably of greater tival and the recent bicentennial of Co-
permanent importance, is the striking gain lumbla University. Next to England and
in the control of disea,;es which formerly took Scotland, both of which countries have large
great toll in Irish lives and efficiency. Due groups of Irish residents, Ireland's closest
In part of the climate, in part to bad health ties are, as they have been for over a cen-
habits, and not leas to lack of care, the tury, with the United States. Thousands
Irish people always suffered heavily from of Americans, mostly of Irish descent, visit
tuberculosis. Between 1947 and, 1953, the Ireland each year; on 1 day-December 11 of
death rate from thie national. scourge. fell last year-10,000 bags of Christmas mail ar-
nearly 70 percent, the mortalities in this lat- rived in Dublin from America. But the
ter year being 1,900, o:' four-tenths per thou- hospitable Irish people have a strong desire
sand, The numbers undergoing treatment to have non-Irish Americans go to see for
have increased steadily, and many of the themselves the Ireland of today. '
Counties now have enough beds to take An English economist who was for years
prompt care of all c(ses requiring institu- London editor of the Montreal Daily Star
tional treatment. The total number of recently made a very keen observation on
patients in institutions rose from 5,444 in the present position of Ireland, comparing
1950 to 6,87Q in 1954. Tuberculin testing, her opportunities with those of Canada of
BCG vaccination Of tine young, mass radiog- a few years ago. He pointed out that the
raphy, and blood ban: Cs are spreading. process of change from an agricultural
Dental care, long neglected in Ireland, is economy to a balanced one does not elimi-
stressed In the schoo: s.. Nearly 107,000 pu- nate recessions and other problems. But,
pus received dental treatment in, 1963, and "every recession in Canada has been fol-
pressure put on local authorities to increase lowed by a spurt into a new high level of
their dental staffs led to the engagement cf prosperty;" yet, "Ireland today is paradise
24 new dental surgeons, which, of course, is to the eye of the constructive economist who
only a beginning. lfental health service has seen the growing pains of Canada."
and reduction of infaat mortality are other He said that it is only lately that practical
activities which are acting new records for men have fully realized the great advantages
the country. As conerxte evidence of all this, that Canada, a young nation, enjoys, and
the lowest death rate ever recorded in Ire- that to many of them the discovery came
land-11.8 per 1,000 population-was re- too late. He warned that this should not be
turned for 1953. The cost of the local author- true of Ireland, "a land of tomorrow," offer-
ity health services was estimated at $31,- ing to young men especially great advan-
496,400, one-half being paid by the Nation, tages, Sdhich will benefit most those who
the rest by local taxes.. first seize them. In view of such facts as
'Educatipn, in'cludir g the school system are tiers presented, it seems obvious that
and all media of information, is progressing Ireland is destined to enter upon an era of
satisfactorily. Schoo: attendance in 1954 prosperity which will come as a just reward
registered 476,000, an Increase of 8,600; sec- fr6m the vision, energy, and resourcefulness
ondary schools 50,000, a gain of 2,000; there that have made her in these past 30 years
are about 20,000 in vocational schools. One the "new sod."
of the early acts of 1 he Irish Government
was the appointment, in 1924, of a commis-
sion to inquire into end advise upon tech-
nical education for the country. Swiss and ;
Swedish experts serve([ on this commission,
'Which issued ,its repor, in 1927. Legislatiorg
followed, resulting in two technical school
in Dublin, and the cit,, of Cork also provide
'eoear,e . ,University Cc liege and Trinity Col-
jege, both in Dublin, conduct Summer sea-
"low' for which mode st scholarships are
offered to foreign students. Radio Eireann
provides a compreher sive program of en-
tert,31nment, sports, (ducation, and news,
'high is heard over the whole country, and,
in cooperation with t: ie British Broadcast-
ing Corp., is available in the other island,
0
Government Secrecy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. PERCY PRIEST
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 4,1956
Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a
speech made by Clark R. Mollenhoff be-
the House Government Information Sub-
committee, which is headed by Repre-
sentative JOHN E. Moss, of California.
As a former newspaper editor, I, too,
have followed the excellent; work of Mr.
Moss' subcommittee in exploring the very
important question of the availability of
information from Federal agencies.
Mr. Mollenhoff's speech follows:
The Moss subcommittee has performed a
great e?ervice for the press. With a minimum
of politics, the subcommittee has accom-
plished these things:
1. It has put Government agencies on
record on their information policies, and
has compiled a book containing the answers
each agency has given to a questionnaire.
2. It, has served as a place for the press to
register complaints, and has given the au-
thority of a congressional committee to the
follow-up on those complaints.
3. It has heard witnesses firom the press,
the scientific fields, the legal field and from
the agencies on the specific problem of
Government information policies.
4. It has obtained some changes in infor-
mation policies in such agencies as Treasury,
the Federal Power Commission, the Civil
Service Commission, the Post Office Depart-
ment, the Interstate Commerce Commission,
the Agriculture Department, and the General
Services Administration.
There is enthusiasm for what the Moss
subcormittee has done among many who
have been active for years in the fight against
Government secrecy. Among; those who
have felt the Moss subcommittee has made
a substantial contribution are Red Newton,
head of the SDX freedom of Information
committee; Russ Wiggins of the Washington
Post; Jimmy Pope of the Louisville Courier
Journal; Kenneth MacDonald, editor of the
Des Moines Register and Tribune; and Harold
Cross, attorney for the A. S. N. E.
The enthusiasm these men express Is not
an endorsement of all of the committee's
actions, it is merely an appreciation for an
official body working toward the same basic
end that they have worked for. These men
have battled against Government secrecy
for years. They know the frustrations of
fighting to stay even in the fight against
big government. They know the press needs
all the help it can get if it is to make any
real progress.
Some of these men while applauding the
Moss subcommittee, have at the same time
criticized it for not doing more about open-
ing up more of the secret sessions of con-
gressional groups. Measuring the Moss
group against the ideal, we might find much
to be desired. Measuring it against reason-
able standards, I do not think it is over-
stating the case to say the Moss subcommit-
tee has performed a great service for the
-press.
If the Moss subcommittee on public in-
formation never does another thing from
this day forward, it will deserve our thanks.
That thanks should be extended not only to
Representative Joan Moss, the chairman,
but to all of the members of the committee
and to the staff members. Politics has been
kept to a minimum, as it certainly should
be when a committee goes into such an im-
portant problem as the rights of the public,
th
e press and the Congress to informati
on
miles of additional trunkline telephone fore the Washington chapter of Sigma from our executive agencies.
tableware laid in Irela zd? and that the tele- Delta Chi Fraternity on May 23, 1956, Both Representative HoFFMAN and Repre-
phone t'rafiic inerease(i by 10 percent over relating to the work of the House Govern- sentative DAWSON have been around Con-
the previous year. ment Information Subcommittee. gress a long time. They have had personal
Respite this strenuo is domestic program, Mr. Mollenhoff is a distinguished cor- experiences where executive agencies headed
1e :rich,people and Covernment-no mat- respondent for the Des Moines Register by Democrats or Republicans have sought to
ter Which party is in p ewer-are showing on and Tribune and the Minneapolis Star bar the Congress from access to information
on poaib16 occasion a .healthy and vigor- He is a winner of man on Government operations. Both men have
Ous iltereet in world is$a,irs, to which they and Tribune. y been infuriated by what they considered to
reel that they have much of value to con- newspaper awards, the most recent being be arbitrary action by the executive agencies
tribute. yvliile Eire ha;; thus far been vetoed the coveted Raymond Clapper award. that interferred with their rights to infor-
from the United Natic ns, and while she is lie has been following closely the work of oration. They have been aware of the way
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1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A4523
the press has been frustrated in its quest for ing value. The subcommittee sent a ques- never be any better than the rights of the
facts. - tionnaire to every Government agency re- Congress, and that our rights in this field
I think that an examination of the state- questing answers to basis queries on the are necessarily tied to theirs.
ments of Representative HOFFMAN and Rep- agency's information policies. The answers After reading that report, read the testi-
resentative DAws0N on the right of the pub- given by the agencies have been put to- mony of the lawyers who appeared before the
lie and press to access to Government in- gether in one printed volume that should Moss subcommittee. I would call special at-
formation will find them both in essentially be required reading for the Washington tention to the testimony of Prof. Bernard
the same position. Although they are poles Press Corps. Schwartz, of New York University, and Har-
apart politically.' both favor this general If you don't care to search through 'it for old Cross, attorney for the American Society
position: stories on the information policies on the of Newspaper Editors, who has specialized in
The Government is meant to serve the agencies with which you are familiar, it the field of press access to information in
people, and is not the property of those who should be kept as a handy reference book Government agencies.
happen to be in control of the executive when an information problem presents it- In my opinion, this report and the testi-
agency at any given time. The people, the self. mony of these lawyers completely demolishes
press and the people's representatives are The accumulation of the statements of the Justice Department's recent assertions
entitled to the maximum of information on the agencies on their information policies that executive agencies can arbitrarily treat
how laws are being administered and en- was a starting point for the Moss subcom- any antra-agency or interagency communi-
forced, and what factors are influencing mittee. It should be our starting point when cation as confidential and outside of the
the administration and enforcement of a Government agency refuses us information range of congressional subpena or the in-
those laws. The burden of proof should be that we feel we should have. quiries of the press. The only explanations
on the executive agency to give good and This volume does not solve your informa- I have received from the Justice Department
sufficient cause in those cases where it is tion problems, but it gives you something have been vague and unsatisfactory.
felt information should not be made avail- concrete. It gives you the agency's own po- In fairness, I suggest that you then go to
able to the public, the press or the Congress. sition as related to the Moss subcommittee. the Justice Department and seek an opin-
Fortunately, the Moss subcommittee has It is something in black and white to use in ion-preferably written-with an explana-
been able to take up the problem of infor- comparing with the views of officials who tion of the reasoning and law behind the
mation policy outside of the framework of seek to frustrate your requests for records. doctrine that the public has no right to any
any of the philosophical disputes that tend Many of the things the Moss subcommit- more than the final decisions of executive
to split Democrats and Republicans into op- tee has done, or will do, we could probably agencies and cannot go behind those de-
posite camps and cloud any basic problem of have done for ourselves if the press had been cisions.
the public's right to know. industrious enough and single-minded There may be a few stories that would de-
I am hopeful that the nonpolitical at- enough on one issue. velop out of an examination of what the
l
mosphere will continue, and that the Moss However, it took a congressional commit- Moss subcommittee has been doing, but if
subcommittee will do even more worthwhile tee to put authority behind the question- you never write a word about the testimony
work. However, this is an election year and naire. or the report the study will be worth your
anything can happen to a congressional probe In answering the questionnaire, the execu- while.
in an election year. tive agencies have been forced to go on rec- The least that can be expected of us is
I would be hopeful that all members of ord. If the answers they have given present some little understanding of the laws and
the subcommittee would continue to handle a reasonable information policy, the press the court cases that effect our access to in-
this subject on the theory that "The best can use their own position against them if formation. Here you will find much of it
politics is no politics." I would like to see they seek to be arbitrary and change the po- bound up in a handy package to read and
the Democrats keep any criticism of the sition at some future time. to use. It is the kind of equipment that I
Eisenhower administration in perspective, If the answers to the questionnaire show don't think a Washington reporter can afford
and avoid any partisan overstatement. I an unreasonable or public-be-damned infor- to pass by.
would like to see the Republicans on the mation policy, the agency has made itself a I have taken several secrecy problems to
committee take the farsighted approach, and fixed target for criticism until it changes the Moss subcommittee, and have been
try to convince the administration to make those policies. pleased with the follow-through. The major
the reasonable changes in information policy It is important that our targets be fixed. problem involved the May 17, 1954, letter
that Republican Congressmen would like to Most of you have had the experience of go- sent by President Eisenhower to Defense
see set as a precedent for any future Demo- ing to a governmental agency for informa- Secretary Charles E. Wilson during the
cratic administrations to follow. tion and having the request turned down Army-McCarthy hearings.
Out of it all, I would like to see the Sigma on one ground. And if you have been sue- The letter was used to authorize Arm
Delta Chi or the Moss subcommittee come cessful in demolishing the law or logic put y
up with a policy statement on public infor up at the first refusal, you have undoubtedly Counsel
loJohn o Adams heto had refuswithe to testify
mation that could be made a part of both seen the agency shift to a new defense about an
the Democratic and Republican platforms against giving up information that might be Adams and Deputy Attorney General William
in this election year. embarrassing. P. Rogers. Many of you are aware how this
y This is what I call the shifting target ap- letter has singe been used by other agencies
Platforms may not mean anything, but I proach of some public information folks that as authority for broad secrecy doctrine.
would like t to seeco major political think the Moss subcommittee has done a In essence, this doctrine is:
stuck with a comp prehensive information nformati parties o on lot to nullify. The press, public and Congress can be
policy. I want that specific could be jenougham m itso Another important function of the Moss barred from access to any intraagency or
clown the pronouncements, of any y subcommittee has been the accumulation of interagency communiation the agency feels
sought o to to hide mentseat his s errors, , his his frauds or who w whh his testimony from experts in the scientific field is confidential.
s
This broad secrecy doctrine has been used
policies behind some vague claim that his to give their views on the impact of Govern-
actions are "confidential." ment secrecy on the exchange of informa- from Dixon-Yates to the Chotiner memo.
I don't believe that this unqualified "con- tion and scientific development. It is my feeling that in each case, the ad-
fidential" claim can be properly asserted Legal experts appeared before the Moss ministration would have been better off to
by anyone except the President in his rela- subcommittee in the last 2 weeks to discuss take the brief embarrassment and open the
tionship with his Cabinet and other mem- secrecy in the executive branch of the Gov- records, rather than engage in a long fight
hers of his immediate staff. ernment, the legal rights to keep certain that is certain to end with the records being
things secret, and tile court decisions and
Moving from what the Moss subcommittee brought into the open.
might do,to what it has done, I again assert opinions of the Attorney General on this
subject. Senator John McClellan stated recently
that if the Moss group does another thing I was particularly impressed with the tes- that Attorney General Herbert Brownell or
from this day forward, it will be deserving timony of the legal experts, and I think that Deputy Attorney General Rogers had sent
of a thanks from the press. every reporter here would benefit from read- a memo to Justice Department attorneys
It is possible or name several agencies policies that ing that testimony. In fact, I will go so far stating that they should deal "cautiously
have changed or modified their polon with Mr. Murray Chotiner. Information as a result of the Moss sub- as to say I think every newsman in Washing-
committee action. In some cases, the agency ton owes a duty to himself and his publica- Rogers has declined to give me this memo,
had considered a change but the lethargy tion to read that testimony. or to state the circumstances that caused
of big government slowed action to a walk I would suggest that you first read the the Justice Department to urge "caution"
or had even stopped it, In other cases, agen- April 27, 1956, report of the House Govern- in dealing with Mr. Chotiner. This is con-
cy heads weren't just sure what their in- ment Operations Committee entitled "The fidential executive department business, Mr.
formation policies were until they came un- right of Congress to obtain information from Rogers says. He states that such a memo is
der the scrunity of the Moss subcommittee, the executive and from other agencies of the -protected from scrutiny by the press or Con-
They had to be put on the spot. Federal Government." The report was pre- gress by the doctrine of separation of powers.
Momentarily leaving aside the specific pared by Associate General Counsel William if the department were to apply the same
changes in individual agencies, I would like Pincus. principle to the communications involving
to discuss the one thing the Moss subcom- We must always face the fact that the T. LaMar Caudle, his superiors, and Matt
mittee has done that I know will have last-- right of the press to obtain information can Connelly, those matters-now the basis for
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A4524 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX, June .6
criminal charges-wouk. also be "confiden-,
tial."
I don't believe the communications be-
tween Connelly and Caudle should be re-
garded as secret executive agency business.
I think: there is as Litt .e logic behind the
secrecy surrounding the Chotiner memo.
Within the last couple of weeks, the Gov-
ernment Operations subcommittee of the
House made a report st sting that Brownell
was wrong on some of b is assertions on ex-
ecutive secrecy as set cut in the May 17,
1954, letter. That report states there is no
legal support for Brown,til's assertions on a
broad executive secrecy.
The Moss subcommittee has brought out
testimony from other ag :ncies showing they
did not share the views of the Justice De-
partment on the arbitrai y right to withhold
any Interagency or int' :agency communi-
cations..
The compilation of reports from various
agencies showed how n many agencies were
relying on the May 17, 1954, letter as justi-
Scation for_ secrecy, and how many were not.
As this subcommittee is helping to bring
this matter to a head, it can also help bring
your problems into focu a. I would suggest
that you take your problems to Chief Counsel
John Mitchell, Staff Director Sam Archibald
or Senior Consultant La.:ey Reynolds.
This subcommittee must rely upon the
press to bring cases of unreasonable secrecy.
We should avail ourselves of this opportunity
to solve some of our problems and learn some
of our rights.
they do is look at my age and then say you
are too old. If I was to ask for a pension,
they would say you are too young. So, it's
beyond me. I am too old and too young, so
they say. So what?
I am an. American, paid taxes all my life,
raised two sons that went to the war. We
could all have an equal opportunity in this
land of yours and mine, but now I am out
because I was It small farmer and out in the
employment line because they say I'm too
old. I have debts and responsibilities and,
above all, I have to eat. But how?
Mr. BASeS, I am waiting to hear from you
on the solution.
DEAR Sra: I was sure proud to get this
letter from you and to think that you have
got feeling: for the poor people. But for me
it Is too late to help me and my children
in farming.
I had 40 acres of land and I had to sell
some to live. I did not owe a penny on the
land. It was all paid for. All we have now
is truck patches. If something isn't done
we are going to lose all that we have worked
so hard for. This farm program has brought
us down to truck patches. Give me the an-
swer to this problem.
Indian Bureau Does It Again
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Even the United States Indian Commis-
sioner apparently has no explanation for the
failure to keep faith with the people on the
reservation. One of the first requisites in
setting up instruments for law enforcement
should be to abide by regulations. Unless
the Government sets a good example, how
can it expect the Indian people to have
much respect for the law.
Authorities have enough trouble with law
enforcement on our Indian reservations as
it is without planting the seeds of disrespect
for the law.
Has the Indian Bureau become so entwined
in bureaucratic red tape that it has lost
touch with the American citizenry? Does it
have the right to flout regulations or to call
off conferences without giving an explana-
tion?
It would seem that the Indian Bureau
stands as an example of what happens when
an agency becomes too big and lacks a spirit
of responsibility to the people it is supposed
to serve.
For some reason, the Bureau has a different
regulation for practically every Indian tribe.
Actually no one knows what are its guiding
principles.
Under the circumstances, perhaps it was
too much to expect that it would be possible
to get an official from the Bureau to sit down
for a discussion. It could prove embarras-
ing.
The Small Farmer Is the Modern
Vanishing American
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ROSS BASS
OF TENNE.;SEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
. Wednesday, Ju:Ie 6, 1956
Mr. BASS of Tennessee, Mr. Speaker,
under leave to extend niy remarks in the
Appendix of the RECOIB, I desire that
there be included copies of two letters
which I have recently received from
small, family-size farmers in my district.
These letters were unsolicited re-
sponses made to a lettei which I wrote to
small cotton farmers explaining the pro-
visions for cotton ac: ?eage allotments
which were included in the farm bill just
enacted.. They speak for themselves,
very plainly and very tragically. These
farmers; want the answer to their prob-
lems, but I frankly cans of offer them any
encouragement
Mr. Speaker, when y )u receive letters
like this it makes you v onder if we here
in Washington are not : iving in an ivory
tower of heartless indiff 3rence to the hu-
man problems and con; erns.
With names and addresses omitted,
these two letters follow.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN: I an or was farming
on a small scale, a one-m in farm or family
farm, but not any more. This sliding scale
has already "slid" me and many others out.
When the big acreage a as cut the little
acreage was out, so I am out with several
others and 1957 and 195E will get the, rest
of the little fellows. So That are we going
to do?
I am 5:9 years old, plenty able to work, but
when I 1111 out an emplo: anent application
and go in for an interview the first thing
HON. USHER L. BURDICK
OF NORTH DAKOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 4, 1956
Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, I have
here an editorial which appeared in the
Devils Lake (N. Dak.) Journal on May
26, 1956. This article 'calls attention to
the irresponsible attitude taken by the
Indian Bureau in regard to the welfare
of the Indians and its arrogant disregard
of the regulations to which it is supposed
to adhere::
IND::AN BUREAU DOES IT AGAIN
Officials of the North Dakota Public Wel-
fare Board and the United States Indian
Bureau were all set for a conference last week
when, without any apparent reason, the Fed-
eral agency called it off.
Selene Clifford, Assistant Indian Affairs
Commissioner, was to meet with the State
welfare board, the North Dakota Indian Af-
fairs Commission and legislative representa-
tives to clarify Indian policies.
Only the Indian Bureau can adequately
explain why it suddenly got cold feet and
refused to go on with the discussion. How-
ever, as has often happened in the past, the
Bureau has no explanation for its actions.
Those of us who live near Indian reserva-
tions continually wonder at the justification
for the actions of the Bureau. Nothing in
that agency is done with a view to having
either the Indians or the non-Indians under-
stand its purpose.
There was poor public relations, both with
the Indians and the adjoining communities,
in the closing of the Fort Totten Hospital,
which has now been replaced by a small
clinic.
Fort Totten almost lost its school until
the undercover efforts of the Bureau toward
that end were brought to light.
Law and order came belatedly to the reser-
vation, but only to end up with the Indian
Bureau dictating who should serve as judge,
rather than complying with reservation reg-
ulations, which provide for approval by the
tribal executive committee.
Schenck To Confer With Residents of His
District
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL F. SCHENCK
or onto
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 5, 1956
Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Speaker, it is my
great privilege and honor to represent
the people of the Third District of Ohio
here in the Congress of the United States.
I am humbly grateful for this opportu-
nity to be of service, and it is my constant
aim to serve my constituents in the very
best way :possible. As their Representa-
tive in Congress it has been my constant
policy to keep In close contact with the
people of the Third District so that I may
know how they feel about the many im-
portant issues facing us here in Congress.
Our Third District is the largest con-
gressional district in Ohio and one of the
largest in the United States, Its great
importance, .however, is not dependent
on size alone, but rather on the outstand-
ing contr:ibutions of its fine citizens to
the general welfare of our Nation. Not
only is it the birthplace and cradle of
aviation, but many of its other products
and inventions are serving people
throughout the world. Our people are
highly skilled in many ways, and we have
a district in which scientific projects,
manufacturing, and agriculture are de-
veloped to an unusually high degree. As
the Representative of this great district,
I have considered it my duty not only
to be well informed of the opinions of
my constituents, but also to be of the
greatest possible service to persons hav-
ing problems dealing with agencies or de-
partments of our Federal Government.
Five years ago I initiated the idea of
holding grassroots conferences through-
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