'KOMMUNIST' ARTICLE BY PONOMAREV ON INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST MOVEMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00965R000400010006-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 32
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 26, 2003
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: December 2, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS DIVISION
TRANSLATION
Number 720
2 Dec 1958
"KOMMUNISTft ARTICLE BY PONOMAREV ON
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST MOVEMENT
THIS REPORT IS DISSEMINATED FOR THE INFORMATION OF
THE INTELLIGENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE AGENCIES ONLY.
IF FURTHER DISSEMINATION ,IS NECESSARY, THIS COVER
SHEET MUST BE REMOVED AND CIA MUST NOT BE IDENTI-
FIED AS THE SOURCE.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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SUMMARY OF CONTENTS
"Kommunist" Article by Ponomarev on
International Communist Movement
This publication presents the full text of an article by
B. Ponomarev titled "The International Communist Movement in
Its New Stage," which appeared in the Moscow monthly period-
ical Kommunist, No 15, October 1958.
Pages 1 through 29
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"KQ j5T" ARTICLE BY PONOMAREV ON
INTERNATIONAL, COWUNIST MOVEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
1. The Socialist Camp Is Powerful
and Solid, as Never Before
II. New Profound Shocks in the
Capitalist World
III. Some Problems of the Communist
and Workers' Movement
Page
1
16
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The Communists of the Soviet Union, the Soviet people, and the entire
international Communist movement are observing widely the first anniversary
of the Moscow Conferences of the Representatives of Communist and Workers'
Parties. These conferences were a significant event in the history of the
Cc mmunist and ororkers' movement and demonstrated its unity and loyalty to
Marxism-Leninism. The declaration of the Conference of the Representatives
of Communist and Workers' Parties of the Socialist Countries and the Peace
Manifesto, signed by representatives of 64 Communist and workers' parties
are militant programs for the Communist and workers' movement, which throw
the light of Marxism-Leninism on the most important problems of modern
times and indicate ways to solve these problems successfully.
"The work of the Conferences of the Representatives of the Communist
and Workers' Parties in Moscow in November 1957 and their decisions," noted
the Plenum of the Central Committee CPSU, meeting in December 1957, "repre-
sents a very great achievement in the world Communist movement. These con-
ferences demonstrated convincingly the future unity of the socialist camp
and of the whole international Communist movement on the ideological prin-
ciples of Marxism-Leninism. The working out and the declaration of the
very important tasks facing Communists in the struggle for peace, democracy,
and socialism in the present stage of their peaceful history, the consoli-
dation of the whole international Communist movement, and the subsequent
strengthening of the ties between the Communist parties are the most im-
portant goals of the conferences."
The decisions of the conferences were approved by all the fraternal
parties. The resolutions of the congresses of the Communist parties and
the Central Committees emphasize that the Moscow Conferences laid a firm
foundation for new victories in the Communist movement. The resolutions
of the Second Session of the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of
China state the following: "The declaration laid the ideological basis
for the solidarity of the Communist parties of various countries and
strengthened the unity of the socialist camp, led by the Soviet Union.
This is a program that has ushered in a new stage in the international
Communist movement." This is a stage in the continual strengthening and
development of the peaceful socialist system and the unprecedented triumph
of Marxist-Leninist ideals.
This year marked the further rise of the forces of ascending socialism
and the extended fall and decay of capitalism.
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The stapup in the growth of social processes characterizes the present
staged It ;proceeds along two opposite lines. The countries of the peace-
ful socialist. system are moving moreswiftly toward the creation of social
ism and Coornunism. The decay and. fall of capitalism, the extension of cap-
italism's ;general crisis,, and the intensification of all the differences of
the capitalist regime. are taking place faster than previously. This-is re-
flected in the great class conflicts within capitalist systems and in the
conflicts between the forces. of peace and socialism and the forces of war
and imperialist reaction.
The theoretical analysis of the contemporary international development
and the conclusions drawn from this analysis given in the decisions of the
20th Congress of the CPSU and in the documents of the Moscow conferences
are fully confirmed by facts.
The ideas of the Moscow conferences assisted in further rallying the
international Communist movements in improving the level of the ideological
and organi;;rational.work of the Communist parties,, and in consolidating Com-
munist parties' international ties. Guarding the purity of the Marxist.
Lenini-st doctrine,, the Communist and workers' parties organized an active
largemscaJ. struggle against revisionism and dealt it a number-of shatter,
ing blows.
The i:i3ternational Communist movement, inspired by the Marxist-Leninist
ideas-of the Moscow conferences,, is confidently advancing forward .while
preparing for great new victories of the working class.
"IRE SOCIALIST CAMP IS. POW,RFtTL AND SOLIDI AS NEV. BEFORE
The y.ar after the Moscow Conference is marked by the outstanding suc-
cesses of the Soviet Union and of the Peoples Democracies in the develop-
ment of their economy and cultures and in the further consolidation of the
socialist camp.
The Communist and Yorkers' parties of the socialist camp countries
direct the masses to the struggle for a fast rate of growth of the national
economy ands for the improvement of living conditionsof the working people.
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The economy and culture of all countries of the socialist camp are
following the road of continuous progress. The national economy develop-
ment plans are being exceeded. The industrial production volume in the
USSR for the 9 months of 1958 increased 10 percent,, compared with the
corresponding volume of 1957. The gross industrial production-of the Peo-
ple's Republic of China for the first 8 months of 1958 increased 47 per-
cent, compared with the corresponding period of 1957. In the first half
of 1958, the industrial production exceeded that of the same period of
1957: in Hungary more than 20 percent; in Albania, 19.5 percent in the
German Democratic Republic, 11.7 percent; in Czechoslovakia, 11 percent;
and in Poland, 10.5 percent. In other socialist countries the progress
was just as significant.
As a result of the powerful development of its economy, the share of
the socialist camp in world-wide industrial production steadily increases.
The economy of the socialist countries does not know recessions and
crises; from year to year, it is going uphill. Advantages of the planned
socialist economy are especially clearly seen this year. The socialist
countries during the first 6 months of 1958, produced more than in the
corresponding period of last year as follows: cast iron, 9 percent; steel,
10 percent; coal, 11 percent; petroleum, 15 percent. In the capitalist
countries, however, production decreased as follows: cast iron, 19.6 per-
cent; steel, 19.5 percent; coal, 9.1 percent; and petroleum, 1.8 percent.
The socialist countries have reached such a height that some of them
are making it their immediate task to catch up with and surpass the prin-
cipal capitalist countries in per capita production. The Soviet Union aims
to surpass the US in per capita production and the other great socialist
power, the People's Republic of China, aims to overtake and surpass Great
Britain in 15 years in the production of the basic types of industrial com-
modities. A comparison of the rates of development of the industrial pro-
duction of the USSR and the People's Republic of China, on one hand, and
the US and Great Britain, on the other hand, shows that this task will be
completed in a historically short period of time. For the first 9 months
of 1958, compared with the corresponding period of last year, the USSR
produced more of the following items: iron, 6 percent; steel, 8 percent;
coal, 8 percent, petroleum, :L6 percent; electric power, 13 percent; and
tractors,9 percent. The US produced less of the following items: pig
iron 37 percent; steel, 33 percent; coal, 22 percent; petroleum, 11 per-
cent; electric power, one percent; automobiles, 35 percent; and tractors,
23 percent. In the output of coal and production of machine tools, China
will catch up with Great Britain during 1958.
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. Agriculture in socialist countries has attained enormous successes.
Experience has thoroughly demonstrated that cooperation based on Lenin's
precepts is. the general line in the socialist reconstruction of agriculture.
The Coamnun:ist and workers' parties in countries of the People's Democracies
have attained outstanding successes in the socialist reconstruction of ag-
riculture. Cooperation in agriculture has been completely realized in the
People's Republic of China. The formation of people's communes is presently
being comp"Leted throughout all of China. In the Korean People's Democratic
Republic, ooperation in the village has also been completed basically. In
Bulgaria, the socialist sector comprises 92 percent of the cultivated-land;
in Czechoslovakia, more than 70 percent; and almost 70 percent in Albania,
The socialist reorganization of agriculture is a great new victory of the
workers in countries of the People's Democracies, [a victory] which has
strengthened the union of the working class and the working peasantry, and
has opened the road to the tremendous rise in agricultural production.
On the basis of the growth of industrial and agricultural production,
the materi=,l welfare of the workers is improving at increasing rates. Real
wages and large-scale housing and cultural construction are increasing in
all countries of the socialist camp. For instance,, Czechoslovakia surpassed
France, Austria, West Germany, and Italy in the per capita consumption of
a number of food items. The German Democratic Republic surpassed West-
Germany in the consumption of a number of important products. This is one
more testimonial of the progressiveness of the socialist camp, and the con-
cern of the: Communist and workers' parties for the workers' welfare.
Socialism has won a-decisive victory on the political and ideological
fronts in countries of the People's Democracies. Marxist-Leninist ideology
is the bass whereby the working class, the working peasantry and the in-'
telligents'_a have united into a friendly family of builders of socialism.
Socialism '_s becoming more and more a part of the working class' life.
The authority of the Communist and workers' parties has increased even
more in countries of the socialist camp. These parties have demonstrated
great skil: in implementing the ideas of socialism. Indecisively repuls-
ing attacks of antisocialist forces, as well as of different kinds of op-
_portunists;, the Marxist-Leninist parties in the socialist camp are cour-
ageously and confidently rallying the popular masses around them along the
road to socialism and Communism. - -
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The peoples of the Soviet Union are very enthusiastically preparing
for the 21st Irregular Congress of the CPSU. The congress will discuss
the planned figures for the 1959-1965 development of the USSR national
economy. The Seven-Year Plan is an important stage in the building of a
Communist society in our country. All this will strengthen the attract-
ing force in the idea of socialism.
A new stage in socialist construction has been reached in a number of
countries of the people's Democracies. The Seventh Congress of the
Bulgarian Communist Party stated that socialism became the dominant and
sole commanding force in the entire national economy. The congress proposed
the task of completing the construction of a socialist society in Bulgaria.
The plinth': Congress of the Czechoslovak Communist Party determined that
Czechoslovakia, in essence, had established the bases of socialist society,
and lofty tasks for the completion of socialist construction are being re-
solved. The time is not far off when socialist construction will be com-
pleted in China, in the German Democratic Republic, in Rumania and in all
countries of the People's Democracies. This has world-wide historical sig-
nificance. The people's democratic order has withstood the test of time.
It has brought its remarkable fruits to the people and is demonstrating
that socialism is the sole correct road for all.humanity.
So impetuous a development of production forces and so rapid a pro-
gress along the road to socialism in countries of the People's Democracies
would be inconceivable without fraternal reciprocal aid and without a con-
solidation into one socialist camp. The socialist camp, which represents
the voluntary collaboration of sovereign states possessing equal rights,
is a world-wide historical victory by the international working class.
The socialist camp is fulfilling its great mission of delivering mankind
from the destructive fires of war; it is implementing the Marxist-Leninist
idea; it is reliably preserving the freedom and independence ; of each
socialist country, it is demonstrating ever-increasing influence on the
international scene in the interests of peace, progress, and the freedom
of peoples. It is natural that all progressive people should be interested
in its strengthening. He who attacks the socialist camp and attempts to
undermine or weaken it is not a contender for peace.
Pternall indissoluble. friendship, mutual aid, and joint resolution
of questions common to all the socialist countries --. these are the prin-
ciples of. socialist internationalism. Marxist-Leninists do not limit
themselves to the confines of their countries. They regard the construc-
tion of socialism and Communism as a great international cause. There-
fore they assist each other in this.
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The ever-expanding collaboration among socialist countries affords
remarkable results. In generalizing on the experience of such collabora-
tion Comrade N. S. Khrushchev points out:
"Historical experience has shown that the political collaboration of
countries in the socialist camp is reliably ensuring national independence
and state sovereignty for them. In each of its plans it is creating the
necessary conditions for the successful realization of peaceful socialist
construction.
"Experience has also shown that the economic collaboration of these
countries, based on the principles of equal rights and mutual aid, gives
each of the.m the opportunity for the greatest efficiency, both for the
complete use of their natural resources and for the development of their
productive forces. On the other hand, it permits them to coordinate and
to unite their forces in the general interest, to use the' tremendous'
advantages which lie in the world socialist system, for strengthening the
economic right of the socialist camp in its entirety."
Cultural collaboration of socialist countries mutually enriches the
spiritual life of each of these nations. It contributes enormously to the
rapid and multifaceted blossoming of national cultures, sciences, land
technology.
The Coununist and workers' parties in the socialist camp, in con-
ducting a consistent Marxist-Leninist internationalist policy, are in
every way concerned over developing such collaboration. The declaration
has contributed to the fact that this cooperation has become even closer
and allembracing.
With the aim of further developing and extending economic cooperation
among socialist countries, a conference was held in May 1958 of representa-
tives of the Communist and workers' parties of countries participating in
the Counci, for Mutual Economic Aid. The conference was attended by repre-
sentatives of the Communist Party of China, the Workers Party of Korea,
the Workers Party of Vietnam, and the Mongolian National Revolutionary
Party. The results of the conference were a concrete development of the
ideas of the Declaration on Problems of the Economic Cooperation of Social-
ist County:Les. The conference unanimously concluded that at present, when
economic ties among socialist countries have developed considerably and
grown stronger, further improvement of the forms of economic -cooperation,
a more intense specialization and cooperation of production in-interdepend-
ent branches of the national economy of countries in the socialist camp,
have become exceedingly important. The conference defined measures to
further the development and strengthening of the international division
of labor of socialist countries and to work out long-range plans in the
development of their national economy. These measures increase coopera-
tion among; the countries of the socialist camp to a greater degree and
speed up their movement along the ro$A- to socialism and Commtunism.
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Trips by party and government delegates to brother countries and party
delegates to congresses of a number of Communist and workers' parties have
deepened the friendship among socialist countries. The Second Session of
the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Seventh Congress
of the Bulgarian Communist :Party, the 11thl. Congress of the Communist Party
of Czechoslovakia, and the Fifth Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of
Germany, made great contributions to strengthening the socialist camp:. In
addresses by Comrade N. G. ]Khrushchev at the congresses of the Bulgarian
Communist Party and the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, fundamental ques-
tions for developing and consolidating the world socialist system were
theoretically elaborated and the aims and methods of the 'undermining'
activities of revisionists were unmasked. A historical role in strengthen-
ing the brotherly friendship of socialist countries was played by the meet-
ing in Peiping between the first secretary of the Central Committee, GPSU,
and chairman of the Council of Ministers USSR, N. S. Idirushchev, and the
Chairman of the Central Committee of.the Communist Party of China and
Chairman of the Chinese National Republic, Mao Tse-tung. In a communique
regarding that meeting, it was emphasized that "The unity and cooperation
which both countries are building on a foundation of complete equality
of rights and comradely cooperation have a great and vital strength. This
unity and cooperation favors not only the rapid advancement-of both coun-
tries along the road of socialism and Communism, but also strengthens the
power of the socialist camp as a whole."
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To a great degree, the further rallying in the socialist camp promoted
(1) the consolidation of the forces of the builders of a new life in each
socialist country; (2) the increase of their confidence in the victory of
socialism; End (3) the decisive rebuff to antisocialist elements and
revisionists who were attempting to deflect the working masses from the
high road of socialist construction. The internal situation in the social-
ist countries is solid. The working masses are closely rallied about the
working class and its Communist avant-garde, and they are enthusiastically
building socialism. The socialist camp is unified and monolithic as never
before. In this is the tremendous service of the Communist and workers'
parties which are strictly promoting the ideas of the Moscow Declaration.
Rallying the socialist states into a single camp is a deeply logical
phenomenon. Through their entrance on the general road to socialism,
through the class entity of the social-economic order and state authority,
through the demands for mutual support and aid, and through common inter-
ests and aims in the struggle against imperialism, they are united in a
single collaboration for the victory of socialism and Communism and of
the Marxist-Leninist ideology which is common to all. Comrade Mao Tse-tung
asserts, "We have a-single fate and a single life with the Soviet Union
and the entire socialist camp." The Soviet nation also has a single life
with the Ch:Lnese nation, with the workers of all countries of the People's
Democracies. Their invincible strength is in the unity and. rallying of
the socialist countries.
The successes of the construction of Communism in the USSR and of
socialism in countries of the People's Cemocracies -- this is the triumph
of Marxism-Leninism. Communist and workers' parties have gained victories
and are continuing to gain victories with their loyalty to Marxism-Leninism
and with the proper combination of general conformity of -the socialist
structure with the concrete conditions and peculiarities of their countries.
"The creative application of the common conformities of the socialist
structure as verified by the experience of life, and a variety of forms
and methods of building socialism in various countries," as is emphasized
in the declaration, "are the collective contributions to the theory of
Marxism-Leninism."
The Communist and workers' parties, in leading the building of socialism
and Communism, enrich the Marxist-Leninist theory and reveal more broadly
and deeply its vitality and its significance for the workers of all coup-
tries.
The countries of the socialist camp are going forward confidently;
they have created all the requisites for a still greater rise in economies
and culture and for increased prosperity of the popular masses.
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II. NEW PROFOUND SHOCKS IN THE CAPITALIST WORLD
The declaration states: "The world capitalist economy remains unsteady
and shaky...The capitalist economy will not be able to avoid serious new
shocks and crises."
This conclusion was completely confirmed in practice by the over-all
development of these countries for a year. Capitalism is experiencing
new shocks; all the contradictions peculiar to it have developed still
further.
. The theories of the apologists of monopolies and of the various types
of reformists "on new characteristics" of capitalism which exclude the
possibility of crises have suffered complete,bankruptcy. An economic
crisis has been developing in the U.S since the end of last year. In the
last 18 months, industrial production in the US decreased. by almost 15 per-
cent. According to official data, there are over 5 million unemployed
persons in the US.
After a standstill for 3 years, the economy of England has started on
the downgrade. The production rate, of the machine-building, metal-working,
and steel-casting industries fell short [of the goal] by 20 percent. The
index of industrial production in August 1958 was l+ to 5 points lower
than that of August 1957. Even.the Financial Times, an organ of financial
and, industrial circles in England, admits: Industrial production now
stands just where it did about 4 years ago." The number of unemployed
has reached 500,000. By the beginning of 1959, it is expected that there
will be almost one million unemployed persons in England.
Decreased production in the coal, steel-casting, ironworks, textile,
and sewing industries in West Germany is making itself felt more and more.
Production is also curtailed in Japan. A growth of unemployment is evi-
dent in Canada, Italy, Japan, Belgium, and the countries of Latin America.
A comparison of the results of economic development of the socialist
and capitalist countries during the past year confirm with new force the
conclusion of the declaration: "If socialism is on the rise, then capi-
talism is on the decline." Socialism, us the ascending system, brings
with it the prosperity of economics, universal employment of the workers,
and an. improvement in their living standards, but capitalism, as the mori-
bund system, cripples the economy, deprives tens of millions of workers
of work and a means of existence, and intensifies the attack on the liv-
ing standard of the masses..
The policies of the ruling classes of the Western countries are lead-
ing to a clash with the interests of"the popular masses of these countries
and also with the interests of the peoples who have attained national
independence, the peoples of colonial and dependent countries, and even
the bourgeoisie of small countries. From here stems the new intensifica-
tion of the contradictions of capitalism.
First of all, the contradiction existing between labor-and capital`
becomes intensified; this finds an outlet in the growth of resistance by
strikes. The old wives' tales of the reformists concerning "twilights
of strike activity" and "harmony among the class interests" of workers
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Actually, instead of a reconciliation, there is effected in the capi-
talist countries an intensification of the class struggle. During the
past 2 or I years, the range of strike activity has significantly
expanded.
During 1956, there were 1,904 strikes in Italy, with 107 million
people participating. During 1957, there were 1,849 strikes, with 201
million participating. During the current year, the strike movement has
become stranger. Among the most outstanding strikes were the general
48-hour strike of the 200,000 workers and employees of the Italian chemi-
cal industry, the general strike of workers of the cement industry, the
24-hour strike of the 100,000 city transport workers, a "Day of Struggle"
by the 2 million Italian share-croppers.
In England,, there were 2,855 strikes in 1957, with 1,358,000 people
participating. Since January of 1958, there have been 1,826 strikes. At
present, some labor unions, totaling nearly 405 million members, are on
strike to obtain a wage increase.
Large scale strikes are also taking place in Latin America, where the
cost of living has greatly risen as a result of the predatory policy of
the US monopolies. In 1953, 506 million people participated in strikes
in the Latin American countries; in 1954, their number totaled 7..4 mil-
lion; in 1955, 901 million; in 7.956, 907 million; and in 1957, 1108 mil-
lion. This year, large-scale demonstrations took place in nearly all
the -Latin American countries. For instance, a general 24-hour strike,
with more than 4 million workers participating, was held in Argentina on
11 October. Strikes are also increasing in West Germany, the US, and
Japan.
On the one hand, there arises a contradiction among the colonial
powers, wUle, on the other, there i.s a contradiction among countries
striving for national freedom and also among the colonies and dependent
countries.
The national liberation movement, which was strengthened after World
War II, ins still growing like a torrent, washing out and demolishing
imperialism, breaking away from the colonial system more and more new
regions, narrowing the sphere of imperialistic deminationo This year,
the strug,E;le for the national liberation of people has achieved new
victories, The victory of the revolution in Iraqi tore a gap in the
aggressive Bagdad Pact and strengthened the national liberation struggle
of the ArELb people. The people of Ghana and Guinea have also obtained
their national freedom. All of Africa and Asia have been seized by a
great upsurge of national consciousness.
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Very important processes are taking place in the Latin American coun-
tries. For a long time. the US imperialists have regarded Latin America
as a sphere for supplementing their capital, as a strategic rear area in
the preparation for a new world war. "The policy of the US," testifies
a deputy of the Peruvian Congress, "was always directed in such a manner
as to maintain Latin American economy in a state of dependency and to
exploit these countries as its own backyard so that they are bound to
serve toward the fulfillment of US interests."'
The US monopolies seized the enterprises which are extracting the
basic natural resources of Latin America. The plundering of the resources
of Latin American countries and the exploitation of'"their people by the
US monopolies have attained monstrous proportions. According to the sta-
tistics provided by the UN, in 1946-1954, the US monopolies realized a
profit of 3.17 dollars for every dollar invested in Latin America.
Having seized the wealth of the nations of Latin America:, the monopo-
lies of the US are trying with all their strength to repress the movement
against the economic exploitation and political oppression of the people
of these countries by North American imperialism.
,However, now the people of Latin America are all the more decisively
increasing the struggle to defend their national wealth and democratic
freedoms. Latin America is a seething volcano. As in one country, so
in another country, outbursts are taking place which are sweeping away
reactionary regimes and are loosening the nooses which the monopolies of
the US had thrown on their economy.
In May 1957, as a result of the rebellion of the people of Colombia,
the henchmen of the US monopolies, Dictator Pinilla, was overthrown.
Extremely characteristic events occurred in Venezuela. In 1957, on the
initiative of the progressive patriotic forces in Venezuela, the "Patri-
otic Junta" was established to fight against the bloody regime of Jimenez.
The representatives of the bourgeois parties, Democratic Action, the
Social-Christian Party, and the Republican-Democratic Union participated
in the "Junta." Having rallied the masses, it called a general strike for
21 January 1958, which later turned into an armed revolt. As a result of
the participation of the working class and students, several groups of
the.national bourgeoisie and a part of the army of the government of
Jimenez were deposed.
The forces which are working to strengthen national independence and
democracy and to liberate the economy of these countries from the domina-
tion of the monopolies of the US are growing in Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
Uruguay, and other countries. The strength of these forces was shown by
the failure of reactionary plans and of the reactionary candidates in the
general elections in Argentina. There was established the Front of People's
Action, which merged the national and anti-imperialistic forces of Chile:
the Communist, socialist, and democratic parties and the labor party. A
People's Front was organized in Brazil.
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An important characteristic of the current stage of the liberation
-struggle iri Latin America is the continually increasing role of the work-
ing class. That is, the participation of the working class imparts to
the national liberation movement in Latin America a clearly marked anti-
imperialistic character. Earlier, when the questionof state power was
decided on the bases of armies and by feudal-comprador circles, one dic-
tator was replaced by another dictator. Thanks to the participation of
the masses,, and mainly the working class, the overthrown military dic-
tators were replaced by bourgeois-parliamentary regimes offering the
people the well-known democratic freedoms.
Under -he pressure of the masses, many Latin American countries
began more sharply than ever to demand that the US look into the charac-
ter of the economic relations and establish just prices on goods exported
from Latin America so as to protect national resources from encroachment
by US mono,;aolies. The Brazilian Congress passed a law nationalizing the
reserves o:E? atomic materials and prohibiting their export from the coun-
try and c?i~celing a secret agreement with the US regarding this matter.
The conflicts between the US and Latin American countries were
increased in connection with the crisis which started in the US. Seeking
to get out of crises, the US raised the tariff on products exported by the
Latin American countries and began to dump its own surplus products on
the market at such low prices that a great deal of damage was done to the
economy of the Latin American countries. To repulse North American
imperialism, the Latin American countries are taking several measures to
strengthen mutual relations and unity. The attempts of the US to involve
the Latin.American countries in a military bloc, to create the so-called
South Atlantic Pact, have failed.
The Una still holds strong positions in the Latin American nations.
But its prestige grows weaker every day. The Latin American people want
to handle their natural resources themselves and regulate their lives
without interference from outsiders. The fight for these ideals is
spreading everywhere and has already borne its first fruit.
Another important process is taking place side by side with the libera-
tion from colonial and -semicolonial-dependence -- the liberation of the
people from the old slavish ideology which imperialism-cultivated. The
growth of national consciousness is taking place both in the nations which
are throwing off the foreign yoke and in the countries fighting against
the colonizers. The Conference for Solidarity of Asian and African Coun-
tries in Canada and the Afro-Asian Writers Conference held in Tashkent
pointed tli.is out very clearly.
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The leaders of the Eastern countries are fully aware of the harm of
imperialistic ideology and the ideology of capitulation in the face Of
imperialism. The ideology of conciliation and capitulation seeks to
stifle the growth of consciousness of the popular masses, tries to hold
them down in work, and does not give them the chance to follow the broad
road of progress. In the struggle against reactionary forces, ideology
becomes More and more an ideology of national liberation. Successive
representatives of ideology of national liberation and representatives of
the 11gher classes of these nations argue that, achieving freedom from
the colonial yoke, it is impossible to stop half way, that it is impos-
sible in any case to retravel the tortuous path which capitalistic coun-
tries follow, and that one must follow the contemporary path, the path
of national independence, freedom, and social progress.
The happiness of people in the countries now being liberated consists
of the fact that there is at socialist camp in the world which gives them
considerable help in strengthening national independence. Almost a bil-
lion people of the socialist countries existing under the banner of
socialist ideology have achieved remarkable success in developing their
economy and cultured This shows the tremendous influence on the heart
and mind of the people being freed from the colonial yoke. The main
strength of these people comes from the treasure-house of socialist
ideology, the inspiration for their struggle. This advanced ideology
promotes an increase of consciousness of the popular masses, opening
effective prospects for emancipation, not only from a foreign yoke, but
also from social servitude, and follows the paths of development which
meet the expectations of the liberated people, the path of building a
new life.
Imperialist circles try to hinder the progressive movement of mankind.
Infuriated by the successes of socialist countries which are extending
the scope of the national liberation movement, experiencing serious
economic difficulty, and seeing that capitalism is losing in the compe-
tition with socialism, reactionary circles of Western countries follow
the path of intensifying military preparation, the path of military adven-
ture
In the declaration it is emphasized. "As long as imperialism remains,
grounds for aggressive war will also remain." The Peace Manifesto states
that the threat to-peace and independence of peoples comes from capital-
istic monopolies, growing incredibly rich on two world wars in the current
arms race.
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All the people were witnesses to how the imperialists of the US and
England, intervening in Lebanon and Jordan, set up an extremely. dangerous
situation in the Near East which is fraught by the threat of world war.
All the peopleare witnesses to how the US imperialists provoked war in
the Taiwan Strait area, widening the aggression against the-People's
Republic oil' China; how they set up a hotbed of war in Europe and placed
atomic weapons in the hands of -Hitlerite generals.
The policy of "from a position of strength" and "balancing on the
brink of war" which the bosses of monopolies are pursuing imposes a heavy
burden on the shoulders of mankind. The imperialist countries are now
spending 21;; times as much money for war purposes as-they did in 1929.
The amount of taxes collected in the US during the last 5 years is 1.5
times the total amount of taxes collected during the 156 years of exist-
ence of th,e! US up to 1945. Imperialism cannot live without blood; it
hurls itself from one adventure to another.- However, this only further
exposes itS doom, its antipopular character. The entire adventurist
policy of "balancing on the brink of war" is connected with the name of
Dulles. This misanthropic policy arouses the indignation of all people
-of good wi].1; it is condemned even by the American people. The defeat of
theRepub1i.cans in the elections for the US Senate and House of Representa-
tives, which have just been completed, signifies,_primarily, a condemnation
of the polf.cy of Dulles and the desire of the American voters to change
the course of the foreign policy of the government of the US.
In spite of the furious castings about of imperialism, there is no
fatal inev:Ltability of war in our time. The 20th Congress of the CPSU
pointed-ou... that there are now powerful social and political forces which
have substantial means for preventing the unleashing of war by the im-
perialists., and for repulsing the aggressors in a crushing manner and
frustrating their adventurist plans if they try to start a war. This con-
clusion of the 20th Congress of the CPSU is confirmed by life. The grow-
ing peace-loving -forces frustrated the aggressive plans of the imperialists
directed e.,,ainst Egypt in 1956, and in 1958, they frustratedaggressive
plans agai::ast the Republic of Iraq, and the United Arab Republic. The de-
cisive roll in this was played by the socialist camp and the peace-loving
countries of Asia and Africa. In the consciousness of the popular masses,
the conclusion is becoming ever more deeply implanted-that if there were
no socialist camp, then there would be no peace on earth.
The ::socialist camp and all peace-loving governments and peoples have
made great progress in the struggle to lessen international tension and
in the defense of peace. However, the danger of war is not past. The
imperialirst circles of the US, England, France, and West Germany continue
a course of preparation for war. Mankind did not succeed in getting the
governments of the US and England to accept a ban on atomic weapons tests.
The -ruling circles of the US and England bear sole responsibility for the
fact that the testing of atomic weapons continues, poisoning the atmosphere
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and menacing human life. Everyone whom the peace, tranquility, and happi-
ness of people are dear cannot but protest against this misanthropic policy.
It is necessary to force the imperialists to refrain from atomic weapons
tests. If all the peoples rise up and unanimously demand that the ruling
circles of the US and England cease their testing of atomic weapons, then
the peoples can achieve their will. To fight still more actively for peace,
enlisting the broadest popular masses in the struggle - this is what the
current situation dictates, this is,what is needed to avert war.
The ideas of the Peace Manifesto are as important and timely today
as they were a year ago. The vast masses and all mankind are vitally
interested in the realization of these ideas. They call for the unity
of all peace-loving forces and for making the struggle for the cause of
peace more active.
The socialist countries are consistently and persistently striving
for peace. War is foreign to the very nature of socialist countries.
However, this is not in the slightest degree a sign of their weakness.
They have available every means of defense. Only people who have lost
their faith in socialism, in the peace-loving peoples, can assert that
in the event that war breaks out there will be no victors in it, that
everyone will be vanquished. The Marxist-Leninists have a different
view. It was formulated in the Declaration. The united, powerful, peace-
loving forces of the present day can "ward off the explosion of war, and
in case the imperialist militant maniacs dare to unleash war, in spite of
everything, then imperialism dooms itself to destruction, since the nations
will not endure any longer a system which brings them such heavy suffering
and sacrifice."
III. SOME PROBLEMS OF THE COMMUNIST AND WORKERS' MOVEMENT
In present-day conditions, as never before, the role of the working
class, its organization, and above all, its Communist vanguard, is grow-
ing. Communist and workers' parties bear basic historic responsibility
for strengthening the world socialist system, for leadership of the pro-
letariat and all workers in the struggle for liberation from the capitalist
yoke, and for saving mankind from destructive nuclear war.
Armed with the ideas of the Moscow conferences, the international
Communist movement was united even more strongly and forged ahead. The
most important, indications of this in the past years are. remarkable
successes in building up of socialism and Communism in the countries of
the socialist camp; strengthening of international solidarity; increasing
the level of ideological and organizational work; increase of the ranks
and authority of many Communist parties of capitalist countries.
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The second session of the Eighth Congress of the Chinese Communist
Party; congresses of the Marxist-Leninist parties of Bulgaria, Czechoslo-
vakia, the German Democratic Republic, Sweden, Japan, Uruguay, and a num-
ber of other countries; conferences of representatives of Communist parties
of socialist countries who are participants in the Council for Economic
Mutual Assistance; and the Conference of Representatives of Communist and.
Workers Parties of 15 European countries have been conducted successfully.
All these congresses and conferences have demonstrated with new-force the
unity and solidarity of the Marxist-Leninist parties, their Loyalty to
the principles of proletarian internationalism, and their implacability
toward apostates from Communism.
The strength and authority of the Communist party were proved this
year during parliamentary elections in a number of capitalist countries.
The glorious Communist Party of Italy won a great victory in the elections.
All the bourgeois and petit-bourgeois parties, from the fascists and
monarchist;3 to the social democrats, spoke against it, slandered it. But,
despite t17a-bitter anit-Communist campaign, despite falsification of the
elections, the Communist Party of Italy received more than one fifth of
all the-electoral vote, and more than 100,000 new members joined its ranks.
The Finnish People's Democratic Union, whose basic strength is the Commu-
nist Party, collected the largest number of votes in the election. The
Finnish People'-s Democratic Union bloc became the largestbloc in Finland's
Diet. More votes than in previous elections were given to theCommunist
Party of R;Ggpan. Leftist forces in Greece obtained great success in the
elections.
The influence of -the Communist Party of India is growing steadily.
After the :Moscow conference-s1m?e than 70,000 people joined its ranks. In
the state of Kerala a government headed by Communists has been working for
more than % year and a half. Despite that fact that reactionary forces
are making desperate attempts to discredit the government of Kerala, to
prove that the "Communist experiment" has failed, the government of the
state has carried out a number of reforms in the interests of various
strata of city and country workers and won their warm support.
The :Indonesian Communist Party enjoys great authority among the popu-
lar masses of its country. The Indonesian Communists proved themselves
heroes in the struggle against the counterrevolutionary rebels. The Com-
munist Party appealed to all workers to strengthen national unity and
unity of ,ranks of the working class, in order to suppress the rebellion
within the country, to repulse foreign intervention, to defend the united
Indonesian, Republic, to liquidate the activities of foreign and internal
subversive elements, and to wipe out, finally, Dutch influence in the coun-
try. The Communists were in the front ranks of those fighting the counter-
revolutiorary insurgents. Hundreds of Communists courageously gave their
lives to defend. the republic. The Communists were worthy of the vast re-
spect of the broad popular masses. In the local elections of 1957-1958,
the Commur.List Party received over 2 million more votes than at the elections
to Parliament in 1955.
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In recent years, the influence of the Communist parties in the coun-
tries of Latin America, especially Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Cuba,
Venezuela, and Colombia, has been growing rapidly. This is the result of
selfless' - struggle of Communists for the development of the na..
tionsl..',liberation and democratic movement.,, Since the end of 1957,
15,000 persons have joined the Communist Party of Argentina and about 1,500
persons the Communist Party of Uruguay. The Communist Party of Venezuela
emerged from under ground and became an important political force in the
country. Its numbers have risen to 20,000. The creation of a limited
Trade-Union Center of Chilean Workers and a Popular Front of Chile which
includes all leftist parties is a great achievement for the Communist Party
of Chile. The authority of the Communist parties has grown so much and
their role in the national liberation movement is so great that governing
circles in Latin America have been compelled by popular pressures to change
laws banning the Communist Party, or to actually permit them to emerge
from the underground.
The Communist parties of Latin American countries ever more closely
coordinate their activities in the struggle against the common enemy of
the Latin American peoples _m US imperialism. This contributes to the
further activation of the activities of the 21 Latin American Communist
parties counting in their ranks over 360,000 Communists.
In the light of these facts, it is quite obvious how deceitful and
awkward is the noisy new campaign of imperialist propaganda on "the crisis
of Communism." The enemy, citing the situation which has arisen in cer-
tain European Communist parties and the fact that several of them have re-
ceived fewer votes in elections, attempts to show that the entire Communist
movement is allegedly in the process of being weakened. But the enemies
are passing off the desired for the real.
The revolutionary movement is of a universal nature. Its main support
is the socialist camp. The great successes of the socialist camp are the
successes of international Communism.
Now when the entire world capitalist system is ripe for socialist
transformation, the question arises once again of the development of the
world revolutionary workers' movement. Now this movement is developing
on a much wider front than previously, and new centers of the revolution-
ary movement are constantly being created.
It is also characteristic that if the revolutionary workers' movement
does not for the time being meet with such great success in certain regions
of the world as it has had recently, then this movement will grow up quickly
in other regions of the world. Whereas in certain old capitalistic coun-
tries -- in countries of so-called classical capitalism and the bourgeoisie
and its right-socialist accomplices succeed for ~th.e time being in deceiving
part of the toilers, including the workers, then in other countries, par-
ticularly in countries of the East and Latin America, and a number of
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European countries, the workersmovement is noted for its militant nature
and solidarity and furnishes models of Marxist-Leninist tempering, and is
experiencing an upsurge.
The Communist -and workers' parties are growing and are tempered in
the fight against revisionism and other opportunistic currents. The Mos-
cow conferences determined that revisionism poses the chief danger to the
contemporary Communist movement. This conclusion is based on the fact
that modern revisionism seeks to discredit Marxist-Leninist teachings, to
undermine the-faith of the working class and the working peoples in social-
ism, is contrary to the historical necessity for a proletarian revolution
and the dictatorship of the proletariat-during the transition from capital-
ism to socialism, denies the leading role of the Marxist-Leninist party.
In other words, the revisionists seek to paralyze the revolutionary energy
of the working class precisely at a time when everything possible must be
done to develop its revolutionary spirit. They wish to disarm the prole-
tariat at r:3 time when everything possible must be done to arm it with
Marxist-Leninist ideas. They are seeking to leave it without leadership
at a time when the leading role of the Communist parties must be raised
even higher. Their aim is to weaken or to abolish Communist parties at
a time whe:i-.everything possible should be done to strengthen them as the
principal guarantee of peace, democracy, and socialism.
Revisionism is an ideology which is useful to the bourgeoisie, an
ideology of capitulators. The bourgeoisie make no attempt to hide that
fact. They would very much desire the strengthening of revisionism.
This fact as mentioned by an English bourgeois journalist in the newspaper
Liverpool :Daily Post when he openly wrote: "Revisionism has tremendous
significannc,e for the free world.... It is our best ally in the cold war.
We should orient our policies and activities around support of the inescap-
able contradictions which arise in the Communist world...." The chief es-
sence of revisionism, as an ally of the bourgeoisie, is correctly seized
on in this statement.
Right now it is particularly easy to see how correct the Moscow Con-
ference was in its action in singling out revisionism as the chief danger
to the Communist movement and in directing the fraternal parties toward a
decisive struggle against this danger.
Soon after the Moscow Conference there was published the Program of
the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, which rolled into one -all revision-
ist concepts. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, in sharp contradic-
tion to positions held by the entire tremendous family of Communist and
workers' parties, refused to adhere to the declaration. Moreover, the
leaders of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia contrasted that Marxist-
Leninist declaration with its own, revisionistic, and anti-Leninist pro-
gram, which is neo-Bernshteinist, i.e., rightopportutitsto :Dlmmption,-ofthemuaity
of the soda,Lst camp and of the Communist movement, defamation of socialism,
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a repudiation of proletarian internationalism, a replacement of Marxism-
Leninism by a right socialist reformism, slander and defamation of the Com-
munist parties of capitalist nations -- such is the aim of the revisionist
program of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.
The program of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia has been cen-
sured by all Communist parties of socialist nations, who have an incom-
parably richer and longer, withal exceptionally successful, experience in
socialist construction. The Yugoslav program has been censured by all
Communist parties of capitalist nations, who are in the very center of the
class struggle, who know well the character of imperialism and its present-
day features and the paths their own nations are traveling toward socialism.
The international Communist movement, as a single front, has come out
against the Yugoslav revisionists, and they have been isolated.
The events which have occurred since publication of the Yugoslav pro-
gram have with full force disclosed its great harm to peace, democracy,
and socialism, and have shown the total incompatibility of its anti-Marxist
concepts.
One of the cornerstones of the revisionist program of the League of
Communists of Yugoslavia is the statement that one of the reasons for the
danger of an outbreak of war is "the existence of two antagonistic military%-
political blocs." But this attempt to blacken the peace-loving policy of
the socialist camp and to hide the aggressive nature of imperialism, pri-
marily that of the Americans, has not withstood the test. The Yugoslav
program had barely been translated into other languages when the imperial-
ists of US and Britain organized an armed intervention in Lebanon and Jor-
dan. The authors of the Yugoslav program, in seeking to shield imperial-
ism and to enable it, revealed themselves to the entire world as cheats
and misinformers. It is difficult to conceive of a more miserable role
for people who call themselves Marxists! Only the resolute position of
the Soviet Union and of all nations of the socialist camp saved the world
from the conflagration of war. The position of "neutrality" adopted by
the leaders of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia ?e between the social-
ist camp defending the cause of peace, and the imperialist bloc aggravating
the international situation o- was actually complicity with the instigators
of war, for the leaders of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia deny that
the reasons for the outbreak of wars are in the very essence of imperialism
itself and refuse to struggle against that imperialism.
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Another cornerstone of the revisionist program of the League of Com-
munists of'.Yugoslavia-is the statement that the bourgeois state is becom-
ing ever more "above-class.," and that capitalism will grow into socialism
through spontaneous development of the "socialist elements" within capi
talisma These anti-Marxist conclusions made their appearance at a time
when reactionary imperialist circles launched a new attack against all
democratic and socialist forces. Authors of the Yugoslav program, in
depicting the bourgeois state as an organ of the superstructure., are
disorienting the workers of capitalist nations and are, whether they
intend to or note covering attacks of reaction on the rights of the
working class a
The leading figures and the press of the League of Communists of
Yugoslavia are seeking to disrupt the unity of the socialist camp. They
are seeking to do damage to the Soviet Union and our Leninist Party., the
People'-s Republic of Chinas and all socialist nations. The Yugoslav
press publ'sshes information about the socialist nations which is incor-
rect, thereby confusing the workers. The directors of the League of Com-
munists of Yugoslavia incessantly attack the Bulgarian Communist Party,
the RumaniEEn Workers Party., the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and
other Communist parties.
The iorperialist circles do not hide the fact that they are pleased
with the position taken by the Yugoslavs b monopolists are promising
Yugoslavia new sops and new contributions to "Yugoslavian socialism."
The leaderE; of the right socialists are again flocking into Yugoslavia,
seeking to hand over to the leaders of the League of Communists of Yugo-
slavia their experience in serving the imperialists and the betrayal of
socialism ;sind the working classes. An old wise saying goes.- "Tell me
who your friend is and I will tell you what you area" The facts bear
witness th;s,t the leaders of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, -in
embarking vn the rather shaky path of "national Communism,," are wallowing
ever deeper in the quagmire of opportunism and are departing ever further
from the i;9eas of socialism. The position adopted by the directors of
the League of Communists of Yugoslavia will do serious harm -ho the Yugo-
slav peoples themselves and to socialism. This line of action has nothing
in common ~ ith proletarian internationalism.
The C;,mmunist and workers' parties have stood for and are standing
for the purity of the ideas of Marxism-Leninism and for a world-wide
consolidation of the Communist movement. They are guarding and will
continue to guard the unity of the socialist camp and the principles of
proletarian, internationalism., and are struggling and will continue to
struggle against apostates from Marxism-Leninism.
The ro.visionistic groups which began their activities in 1956-1957
have been crushed in the majority of Communist parties. As is known,
the situation was particularly serious in the US, where the renegade group
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headed by Gates sought the abolishment of the Communist Party. The
healthy elements of the Communist Party,, standing firmly on Marxist-
Leninist positions, defended the party., prevented its conversion into a
nonparty "association of political action." The leaders of the revi-
sionists ?- Gates,, Charney,, and Shneiderman,, openly went over to the
camp of American imperialism. In fighting against revisionism and this
nltraleftist group? the Communist Party of the is strengthening its
ranks and broadening its ties with the national masses. The revision-
ists in the Communist parties of Brazil, Canada,, Austria,, Italy,, and the
Netherlands have suffered complete ideological defeat.
However, the struggle against revisionism is continuing. It has
become sharper in certain parties. The Communist Party of Denmark has
conducted a strenuous fight against the revisionist group of Larsen.
Larsen and his group, which preached a departure from the principles of
proletarian internationalism and a rupture of ties with the international
Communist movement and subscribed to the anti-Leninist program of the
League of Communists of Yugoslavia,, suffered complete failure. The 20th
Congress of the Communist Party of Denmark unanimously adopted a resolu-
tion condemning the attempts of the group of revisionists to turn the
party from the Marxist-Leninist path,, alienate it from the international
Communist movement,, and turn. it into a party of reformist chatter. An
opportunistic grouping in the Communist Party of the Netherlands was
crushed recently.
The present stage of the Communist movement again reaffirms the
Marxist-Leninist teaching that the party is capable of leading the
workers to victory only when it does not endure factions and groupings
in its own racks and when it religiously observes unity. An irrecon-
cilable struggle against revisionism and other opportunistic tendencies
is the sacred task of Iarxist-Leninists C
The Communist movement inescapably meets difficulties on its path.
It has undergone and undergoes harassment and persecution by reactionary
forces. The greater the successes of the Communist movement,, the more
violent is the spite of the enemies of the working class and the more
active is the struggle against Communism.
Without doubt, a furious anti-Communist campaign has been developed
recently by command of a foreign reactionary center. The speeches of the
brutalized German revanchists9 attacks on democracy in France, the anti-
Communist congress in Latin America and subsequent onslaught of US monop-
olies and the followers of their line against the democratic movement and
against the Communist parties testify to this. And as has often happened
during the last half century,, a movement to the right of many social-
democratic leaders follows this campaign of reaction.
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All this demands the fixed attention of all honest representatives
of the workers, democratic, and antiwar movement. All this demands a
mobilization of forces-for struggle against the imperialistic aggressors
and reactionary die-hands o
The victory of the reactionary forces in France served as a signal
for the activization of antipopular elements in other capitalist coun-
trieso The Japanese government introduced into the Diet a draft law
giving thee, police unlimited rights in crushing every democratic movement
and leading to the establishment of a police regime in the country. The
ruling c:Lreles of Italy ever more openly violate democratic rights and
intensify police repressions. An anti-Communist campaign has developed
in the.countries of Latin America and in several other capitalist states
At the same time, an attack has begun on the democratic conquests
of.peoples who have gained national independence. A radicalization of
the working masses, who wish to arrange their own lives in accordance
with their own ideals, is taking place in these countries. Imperialist
circles of the US, relying on reactionary forces within the liberated
countries, are trying to halt this natural historical process. Reaction-
ary coups t:n Pakistan and Thailand, the concentration of power in the
hands of the military in Burma, and the attempts of reactionary coups
in Venezuela and Bolivia are all links of one chain bearing the name of
the attack of imperialism on the national liberation movement.
The plan of reaction is to liquidate or to reduce the democratic
rights of the workers, drive Communist parties and other progressive
organizations underground, establish dictatorships, and facilitate prepa-
rations fox, unleashing ware This campaign is not only against democracy
but also a,;;ainst the cause of peace o
But the reactionary forces will not turn back the course of histori-
cai-develo?pmento The times have gone when the ruling classes of capital-
Jet-states -succeeded in establishing reactionary-regimes within their own
countries for long periods and strangling and oppressing the peoples of
the East, Africa, and Latin America.
The Communist and workers' ;parties niire+-aow.. explaining to the
workers haia vitally necessary now is the unity of all republicans, all
democrats, and all workers. Unity is that barrier which is capable of
not only belting but also curbing the activated forces of reaction.
Frenchh, Communists have shown themselves in the front line of the
struggle against attacking reaction. The Communist party has consistently
and decisively attacked the draft of the constitution which reduces to
nought the democratic conquests of the French people. The international
Communist and workers' movement highly values the unselfish struggle of
the leading sons and daughters of the working class of France. The plenum
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of the Central Committee of the French Communist Party, heldin..October,
after analyzing the .results of the referendum, disclosed several-short-
comings its the activities of the Communist Party. The plenum stressed
the great importance of development of the party's work in the strength-
ening and broadening of ties with the masses.
The French Communist Party, possessing a heroic history and a united
Marxist-Leninist leading nucleus, is struggling boldly and manfully for
democracy and against the fascist danger 0 It is drawing conclusions f?rom
the campaign which led to the adoption of the antidemocratic constitution
From the trials and adversities which have fallen to the lot of the French
Communist Party, it will undoubtedly emerge yet more tempered 0
The events in France are of international significance. The reac-
tionary forces in other capitalist countries are drawing conclusions from
theme" The fraternal parties and the working class of capitalist coun-
tries are drawing lessons from them. In a period of serious trials, the
significance of the Communist party is especially noticeable to the work-
ing class as are the positions of other political parties and those meas-
ures which must be carried out to rally all progressive forces and not
only to defend that which has been conquered but also to move farther
along the road of freedom, peace, and social renovation.
The attack of reaction testifies not only to the growing aggressive-
ness of leading monopolistic cliques but also to their weakness and their
inability to rule by the old methods0 The successes of the socialist
camp, the broadened national liberation movement, and the growth of or-
ganization and the unity of the working class more and more weaken the
positions of capitalism.
This means that the attack of reaction is easier to repulse at
present than, let us say, in 1933-1935a But this can be implemented
only through the unity of action of the working class and the popular
masses0 This includes active steps, bearing both an economic and politi-
cal character, and actions having as their goal the realization of con-
temporary tasks; but, at the same time., we must not lose sight of the
socialist ideals of the working class 0
The first priority matter is securing the unity of the working class 0
It says in the Declaration: "Both in the struggle for the improvement of
the living conditions of the workers, the broadening and preservation of
their democratic rights, the conquest and defense of national independence,
and for peace between peoples, and in the struggle for the conquest of
power and the building of socialism, the Communist parties advocate the
establishment of collaboration with socialist parties .... The ideological
differences existing between Communist and socialist parties should not
serve as an obstacle to the establishment of unity of action on many ur-
gent problems now facing the working movement."
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The persistent efforts of the Communist and workers' parties, dij c
rested toward the establishment of collaboration with-socialist parties,
have already had a number of positive results. The ever larger strikes
of recent years in the capitalist countries are held-under the banner of
unity of socialist workers, Communists, and also nonparty members. The
collaboration of Communists and socialists in low-level organizations has
grown stronger. Some Communist and socialist parties have established
broad collaboration. Unity of action, for example, has been established
between the socialist and Communist parties of Chile. This collaboration
has furthered the consolidation of the working class of Chile and the
achievement of a number of victories by them, chiefly the creation of a
united trade-union center and repeal of the law banning the Communist
party.
Contacts between organizations of the Communist and socialist parties
of Japan heia'Te grown stronger. Japanese socialists actively advocate peace,
the prohibit: tion of atomic- :weapons, the establishment of diplomatic rela-
tions with the People's Republic of China, and protection of democratic
freedoms. The Socialist Party of Japan, like the Communist warty, is
struggling against the draft law of the Kishi government on expanding the
rights of the police. The General Council of Trade Unions of Japan, at
its extraordinary 11th Congress held on 24 October, announced its resolu-
tion to struggle against the Kishi government. For this, the general
council intends to oppose the law on strengthening the power of the police
on the basis; of the broadest front of democratic forces, including both
the socialist and Communist party of Japan. ?'This step of the general
council does indeed have historical significance," announced Comrade
Miyamoto, secretary-general of the Communist Party of Japan.
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In Italy, joint meetings of socialists and Communists were held in
Turin on the initiative of workers of"the "Emmanuel" plant, at which the
serious situation being created in France and the threat hanging over
Italy in connection with the attack of the government and employers on
democratic freedoms were discussed. At these meetings, Communist and
socialist workers adopted the text of an appeal to all Italian workers
calling on them to learn a lesson from the events in France. The collec-
tives of other Italian enterprises support this appeal.
Guilt for the prolonged' split of the working-class movement in cap-
italist countries lies completely on the right-wing leaders of the social-
democrats. Lately, proceedings occurring in a number of social-democratic
parties of Western Europe testify to the further displacement of leader-
ship of the social-democratic parties to the right.
. The leadership of the French Socialist Party,, headed by Secretary-
General Guy Mollet, has openly deserted to reaction. Guy Mollet and
company are repeating the shameful journey of right-wing leaders of the
social-democrate of Germany, which split the German working class and
cleared the way for fascism. The treachery of the right-wing leaders of
French Socialist Party is not an accident. At the Congress of the French
Socialist Party., delegate Allye Rushron said that the Socialist Party had
forgotten about the class struggle and about Marxist ideology, and "had
grown" into the political system existing in France.
The position of Guy Mo:Llet has been subjected to severe censure not
only by the Communists, but also by many socialists. The Laborite weekly,
Tribune, on 2 October wrote: "General de Gaulle, to a significant extent,
owes his victory to the treachery of the French Socialist Party, to the
treachery of its leaders, to the treachery of Guy Mollet." Senator Lussu,
a member of the Central Committee of the Socialist Party of Italy, said:
"Anti-Communism gave birth to the present catastrophic situation in France
-- de Gaulle'has come into power." The responsibility for this lies with
the Social Democrats. Having been left with a small group of traitors and
impostors, Guy Mollet will finish the same as MacDonald. Only the Popu-
lar Front will be able to save France."
In England the last conference of the Labor Party showed that the
leadership of the party has turned still more to the right. The situa-
tion at the conference was such that so much as a mention of the word
"socialism" was considered inadmissible. Several leaders of the West
German Social Democrats are participating in the unprecedented persecu-
tion of the German Democratic Republic, attempting to defame its great
socialist achievements and to warm up revanchist aspirations.
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The 1,E-aders of the-rightist Social Democrats in the period of the
bitter class battles more than once have been shown to be among the open
enemies of the revolutionary workers or have sought a compromise with the
bourgeoisi,E~ or have helped it to save the tottering bourgeois structure.
Now many prominent leaders of the Social Democrats (Guy Mollet, Saragat,
Spaak) takE! an active part in the formation and strengthening of the im-
perialist military blocs directed against the socialist states and the.na-
tional liberation movement, and against the vital interests of the peoples
of the capitalist countries, entering into a union with the American im-
perialists and the reactionary forces in their own countries and, together
with these,, have gone against the partisans of peace, democracy., and prog-
ress. Thus, many. leaders of the Social Democrats have abandoned the ranks
of the workers' movement and have deserted to the enemy.
Many honest members in the ranks of the Social Democrat Party under-
stand this;; they are sick of the traitorous policy of Guy Mollet and Sara-
gat. The policy of delimitation is being strengthened in the socialist
parties. Elocial Democrats, true to the ideals of socialism and the cause
of the working class, are forming leftist socialists parties, -societies,
or groups. This bears witness to the fact that the healthy forces of so-
cial democracy are drawing the correct inferences from the lessonsof his-
tory. They do not wish to repeat the treachery of the rightist leaders
of the-Gerrian Social Democrats of 1933. The Communists have considered
and will continue to consider Social Democratic leaders who remain true
to the canoe of socialism and to the cause of the working class as well
as the rark-andmfile Social Democrats as comrades in arms. Communists
believe that social democracy can play an important role in the struggle.
for the consolidation of peace and social progress. Therefore, they sin-
cerely strive for cooperation with the Social Democrats in the struggle
for peace, democracy, and the social renovation of society.
At present, the need for such cooperation is even greater. The work-
ing class party,, by establishing a unity of action, could bring about
the unity of the working class, could unite around it all the forces of
-republicariii3 and democrats -- all who stand for peace and against wars By
united action it -would.be possible now, while it is still not too late, to
restrain the forces of reaction, not to permit the establishment of fascism
in this or any other form, and to defend the cause of peace.
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Under the present conditions,, when a large socialist camp is in exist-
ence, when the workers' movement has had considerable experience in the
struggle with German fascism, when organization among the proletariat has
been increased, there is every possibility to bar the way to fascism. The
time of Hitler and Mussolini is gone forever. The rapid attempts of the
reactionary forces to revive fascism are being met by the powerful resist-
ance of the people. The working class has the power to strangle in embryo
the danger of fascism. All that is necessary to accomplish this is unity,
more unity., and still more unity of the working class. The shift of social
democratic leaders to the right and the treachery of several of these lead-
ers forcefully underline the need to strengthen the Communist parties, to
expand their ranks, and to increase their battle=readiness (boyevitost').
The leadership of the Communist Party of England justly emphasizes that the
English. working class needs a much stronger Communist party. This is also
the need of the working class of many other countries.
The. Communist parties alone are showing the popular masses the right
way in the struggle for freedom., peace, and social progress. The Communist
parties alone remain true to the cause of the workers. The Communist Party,
even when small, plays an important and progressive role,.for it gives the
proper orientation to the working class., helps it to understand complicated
events and to recognize the political intentions of one or another political
grouping, and warns against threatening danger. The ruling bourgeois classes
are also obliged to recognize this role of the Communist Party. The chair-
man of the Conservative Party of England (Hailsham) on 13 June made the fol-
lowing statement: "The Communist Party occupies a position which far exceeds
in importance its numerical strength."
It is well known that in periods of revolutionary activity the number
of Communist parties rapidly increases, for during such periods the popular
masses are particularly clearly convinced of the rightness of the. Communists,
of their selfless service of the cause of progress. Events in Venezuela
once again confirmed the truth of this fact. During the period of the
struggle against the bloody regime of Jimenez., the membership of the Com-
munist Party of Venezuela was small., but it was the soul of all democrats,
the organizer of the armed uprising which led to the overthrow of Jimenez.
After that victorious uprising the Communist Party rapidly grew into a
mass and very influential party. Recently., the New York Times admitted
that the Communist Party enjoys "considerable respect among the political
and trade-union circles of Venezuela., among the intelligentsia, and in the
education system."
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The Communist and workers' parties of many capitalist nations are
moving into a period in which they will face new and serious tests. In
this period, Marxism-Leninism teaches, it is particularly necessary to
retain the unity of party ranks, the purity of revolutionary theory, flex-
ibility in methods used in the struggle, and ties with the national masses.
The onslaughts of reaction can be fought off only through the broad mobili-
zationof the masses and through the merger of all forces of democracy
and progress. Under such conditions there mutt not be even the shadow of
sectarian n rrow-mindedness., reticence, and alienation of the masses, Com-
munists, V. I. Lenin taught, should work everywhere, wherever the masses
are, should penetrate all strata and constantly strengthen their ties with
the people, The implacable struggle with revisionism as the chief danger,
as well as with sectarianism, is the certain guarantee of the success of
the Communist movement. Sectarianism is particularly intolerable at pres-
ent, when history has placed on the Communist Party the task of defending
the national independence of all nations from the threat of foreign -im-
perialism. The monopolistic bourgeoisie of West European nations long
ago trampled under national freedom and was transformed into an antina-
tional force serving American imperialism. The standard bearers of not
only the ideas of socialism but of national. independence also are the Com-
mugist parties, the most internationalistic and,, at the-same time, deeply
patriotic parties. And in the struggle for the defense of national inde-
pendence aild for peace, the Communist parties can rally about them all the
healthy elements of their nations and convert themselves, where they have
not yet been able to do so, into mass parties, into the principal force
of every nation.
Revolutionary Marxist-Leninist theory and the practice of Communists
have brought the working class historical victories of world significance.
Faithful to Marxism-Leninism, to proletarian internationalism, they comprise
the 33-million-member vanguard of the international working class and of
all worker=.. Hardened in combat, the international Communist movement,
based on the Marxist-Leninist ideas of the Declaration and Peace Manifesto,
is going forward because the thing they are struggling for -- Communism --
is the br i c;ht future of all mankind.
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