CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00965R000300110070-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 5, 2003
• Sequence Number: 70
• Publication Date: January 1, 1960
• Content Type: OPEN

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1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- APPENDIX A5981
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concern you, as individual citizens and
thoughtful Americans, and as members of a
great international organization dedicated
to fostering world understanding in no less
than 116 nations. I.personally feel this deep
concern as a father and a grandfather who
cares, like each Of you-, about the kind of
world our children and their children will
? inherit and inhabit. I also happen to be
an elected official responsible for the safety
and well-being of more than 16.5 million
citizens of the greatest State of the Union.
My concern, therefore, is official as well as
personal.
The facts before us permit no one to be
either serene or complacent. For the fate
of our freedomL-yours and mine and Amer-
ica's?is decisively affected by the fate of
freedom In the world at large.
Everywhere we look across' this world in
Which we live, the forces of freedom are under
siege and in danger.
It is so in Cuba, just 90 miles from the
American mainland?and it is so in Japan,
On the far side of the globe. It is so in those
divided nations whose internal borders are
among the most cruel scars of the cold war:
Germany, Korea, Vietnam. It is so with a
country whose whole conduct can bend be-
fore Communist pressure?as with Japan: or
with a city whose very life must suffer Soviet
? threat--as with Berlin.
The forces of freedom, in short, are in
historic trouble.
We, as Americans, cannot waste time mere-
ly lamenting this fact. Nor must time-be
wasted in confusing or exploiting the fact
for partisan purposes in domestic politics.
The great question is: What can we do about
it?. ?
I say that there is a great deal that Vre
Americans can do about it?and we can do
It with greatness.
We can make freedom a dynamic and irre-
sistible orce throughout the world.
Before we talk about "we," the Nation,
let Us talk specifically about "we," the in-
dividual citizens, such as you arid I. We in-
dividual Americans are not helplessly remote
from the arenas where great problems and
great perils must be met. I can demonstrate
this simply and concretely to you.
Only 4 days ago, the controlling majority
in the U.S. House of Representatives at-
tacked the mutual security appropriatioii
if wielding an ax. By the time the ax had
finished its indelicate surgery, the money
available in fiscal 1961 for strengthening our
allies, along all the frontiers of freedom, had
been slashed by $590 million.
I am pleased and 'proud that an even more
drastic cut was prevented by the leadership
of an upstate New 'Fork Congressman, JOHN
TABER, at the head of a coalition largely of
Republicans. We can thank him and them.
? But we cannot afford the damage that was
done. The mutual. security appropriation is
now before the Senate. I strongly urge you
to wire or write your Senators immediately
to support vigorously the restoration by the
senate of the House cuts?to restore the full
fina0Unt requested by President Eisenhower.
The restoration of these cuts is vital to the
? strengthening of the forces of freedom. This
Is a vital task in which each one of you can
help.
?Action in this area, however, is essentially a
holding action: If freedom is really to be-
come a dynamic and irresistible force in
the werld, free men and free nations must
jbia together In a truly great design?a
design to assure that our deepest spiritual
and political values shall live and thrive.
" Where do we begin on thisgreat design?
Very simply, it seem's to me that we have
to 'start with the problem of organization.
:This means political organization in the
most full and creative sense. It means
Organization of our own Government. And
it means organization of a host of free
nations.
Two great and explicft challenges and needs
are involved:
? First, we must give to the Government
of the United States a structure so co-
hesive, so efficient, so strong that it can
both inspire and execute the policies and
programs necessary in a world of revolu-
tionary change.
Second, we must lead and encourage the
free nations to develop arid deepen their
bonds with one another so that regional al-
liances can grow into working confedera-
tions.
I am speaking -now of historic steps, of
giant strides to be made both within our own
Government and among the governments of
all freedom-loving peoples. They are realis-
tic and practical steps.
-Let us look at both areas of action. There
is nothing new about efforts to improve the
organization of the Federal Government.
Two Hoover Commissions studied aspects of
this need at length, and they achieved im-
portant reforms during the Truman and
Eisenhower administrations.
I was intimately concerned with the sub-
ject for 5 years as chairman of President
E?senhower's Committee on Government Or-
ganization. In addition, I participated in
the last two reorganizations of the Defense
Department.
Spurred by ever-changing world condi-
tions, a Senate subcommittee under Senator
JACKSON, of Washington, is now investigating
the policymaking machinery of our National
Government.
The significant fact today is the growing
public awareness of the urgency of getting
major improvements made?and made fast?
in this area. For we have lately faced plain
and serious evidence of the inadequacy of
our Government machinery. We have seen
this with the unfortunate U-2 incident.
We have seen this with the unhappy fate of
the President's plans to visit Japan. Both
occurrences have warned us that there is
something seriously wrong with the working
of the decisionmaking processes of our Gov-
ernment.
Deeply as we may regret these facts, we
can and must welcome the quickened public
concern that they have provoked. This con-
cern encourages me to believe that important
reform can now be achieved?and I am con-
fident that a great deal of such reform will
have the full support of the President.
I feel deeply, therefore, that the Congress
should make necessary Government reor-
ganization its first order of business in the
next session. For the blunt truth is that
the present structure of the Federal Gov-
ernment is simply not properly geared to
tailiport the President in developing and ex-
ecuting policy, thoughtfully and purpose-
fully, in the complex areas of national
Security-and foreign affairs.
This governmental structure moves slowly,
even sluggishly, to meet a world of swift-
moving change. It tends to be stiff and
static when it should be quick, alert, and
creative.
If any citizen imagines, for example, that
our Department 'Of State exercises sole and
supreme authority in the qperation of our
foreign policy, this citizen is very much
mistaken. The defining and operating of
Such policy involves almost a legion of gov-
erxunental departments and agencies?State,
Defense, CIA, ICA, USIA, and very often
Treasury, Commerce, Labor, Agriculture,
along with innumerable interdepartmental
agencies. To reconcile and coordinate their
policies and actions, a host of committees,
including the National Security Council, has
been established.
. r?
The weaknesses of such a way of operat-
ing are becoming obvious. It verges'Wn a
system of government by committee. Com-
mittees, by their very nature, tend to reach
the least bold or imaginative position. The
result is the lowest common denominator
among several varying positions, in the name
of agreement.
How do we make sure that, in the making
of important national decisions, the con-
trolling consideration is the supreme interest
of the United States?and not the rival
interests of competing agencies?
I strongly urge that two important and
practical steps be taken immediately: (1)
The post of First Secretary of the Govern-
ment should be created to assist the Presi-
dent in the exercise of his authority in the
whole area of national security and inter-
national affairs. This official, with status
above the level of Cabinet officers, would
derive his authority from the President and
act on his behalf. lie would have statutory
designation as Executive Chairman of the
National Security Council. He would be
empowered to represent the President, in
International matters, on the prime min-
isterial level. He would be supported by a
staff of his own. He would be empowered
to reorganize and use the whole interdepart-
mental planning machinery of the Govern-
ment in this area, including programs for
controlled disarmament.
While the Secretary of State continued in
charge of the day-to-day conduct of diplom-
acy (and represented the Government on
the foreign ministerial level), the First
Secretary would, under the President, inspire
and direct the defining of long-range pur-
poses, the policies working toward them, and
the coordinated action needed to execute
these policies.
2. A similar clarification of authority in
the area of defense planning and organiza-
tion is especially necessary. The most ef-
fective and efficient defense organization is
indispensable to the whole defense of free-
dom. I recommend the following: (a) The
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff should
be designated principal adviser to the Secre-
tary of Defense and the President, and be
responsible for the development of overall
strategic doctrine. (b) The staff of the Joint
Chiefs should be organized on a unified basis
under the direct authority of the Chairman.
(c) All officers aboye the rank of brigadier
general or the equivalent should receive
any promotions from the Department of
Defense and be officers of the Armed Forces
of the United States?not the individual
service of their earlier careers. (d) The
Secretary of Defense should be given full
authority over all military research, develop-
ment, and procurement.
Why are such organizational steps so
urgently necessary?
It is not any marginal matter of simply
making governmental machinery a little
more efficient, a little more coherent, as all
of us would like. It is the most critical
matter of making this machinery able to
cope with problems and challenges emerg-
ing with swiftness upon all sides?in an
age of the deadliest of weapons, on an earth
deeply divided against itself.
And only as our own. Government is sensi-
bly put in order can we proceed to the greater
task of applying to the world of the free
nations the same modern principles and
practices that alone can give strength to the
forces of freedom everywhere. This is the
way to start building the kind of world we
want.
. Let us now look at the challenge of build-
ing this larger world?and of helping bring
to it, too, purpose and organization.
I have spoken of developing confedera-
tions out of regional alliances. This is
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CONGAESSIONAL RECORP ? APP,ENDIX July 15
neither. a?dr,,Cani nor an,abetr`action. ,
81111p suggests the logical and inevitable
next a ep in the history, of ,free?pations.
? :1 We Pallet ;eree the _1,40_ we have
reached .4 point in? hiStorY at which the
Nation-State, standing Alone, is becoming as
obsolete as the city-state of ancielkt Oreece.
of 'MediaVal Europe. No nation today, large
Ot.Sbiall, can meet the ,needs Of, its people
Insure 0.,.eir:secnrAy from within its own
prim, Now, . Wphave already seen the
Difil of allowing Communist imperialism
, to Ti:cfC? off, one by one, the ?free nations.
titandink, in Its path of aggression. We can
see`,that Jhe,pattern ofelationsp between
America, ang, these. other free Aatio.ns must
be ,some_thWg, deeper and broader than a
SerieS of military alliances and bilateral
treaties?, 'her rp1a,.Jp morelasting and
rational, political atrustnie to.,these relation-
s. ,
tilereadre, We know i, the eeorionlic
TARIM, that, we cannot, indeflialt,ely treat or
Inippdrt' the ntny needy free nations as
4epeP M
11,40 ,ts n9h, ?AMP:Cc-0. .? titwe
ein to evolve political and econeMIC,
etrlthfliitep that swtaii t4or ,P,701 unity,
' cooperation, Prosperity ,and strength.
,Our great task, then is to help build these
atrimtures,?,,eo, that the., force e .Of tielneeracy
, thronehout the world, can ?be ,?strong and
'dynamic and confident. We
?Mtist15.0 eetieerned primarily with political
,8410CiatIOXik. 4.1 the political strnctures are
9144-741dbnly thus? the Strength needed
for Common eftprt and, common tlefenae will
.0 axe pannet be striving merely
pris..es.on a?sporadic basis?but striv-
. ing to ?seTtre the neeas ac a?pirations of free
peOpleS everywhere on a continuing basis.
We ,are not trying merely to baffle enemies
Of frepm. We arp trying to build free-
10112.4,1, `1,tse? building_ the structures in
which ?1t,.:Oah? live inctlirive., .Ti3ese are the
*Ogee And purposes beneath the regional
e$ofFP,14,901q4.19.14$ ?
T14,0 but.14iie.94 0ohleclerationare already
viesent ihrOheight the World. They exist in
?Prization AMPTIciln $tates, in the
ort4 wool; Treaty Organization, in the
7114-9 ??121Pacigter, c,YP.tL of European trade,
101:11 PPR,Cf aSsOCIatiOne. These can be
st4F9x1g, theyPr, 1?rc ahead 9 us.
This, NIT,Ork,Of,, Moving toward confederation
..ops rkot,JuyolyA, Any superstates. Nor does
#4114#0,0 il,PM Or confliot with the author-
ity of ,the oied Natione. Quite the con-
Iraq Article p..4. of ;Olt Vniteci nations. ?Char-.
?Mr ,epeOlfieally, makes provision. for regional
associatiOns,, and_the growth of these asso-
?Mations, would., in feet, add immeasurably
to the ,strength of the United IsTatiOne.
The whole spirit and concept of confedera-
tiori,wouid be gradual and evolutionary. It
provides occasion for, firmer .bonds between
/10t1008,19ined in coml.:49.n effort allany level
' of national?Iifewhether,,it,be social, eco-
r-hObil,,, ?rennetaxy; juridical, cultural, or
Thus ,the principles of confedera-
tion. can. ,applied at whatever _level the
parties agree to be ft the); 14114.14Interest,
tet_irie.try to put the idea of corifedera-
?ilea into , clear ,focus,,by_ proposing specific
cenfederationi, and the great tasks they
,vvoulad' ,acppagalish:
(i) A Horth Atlantic ?Confederation.
What ,woiud.thio confedermion actuauy do?
It would ,,strive to tighten all political, eco-
,floroic,?Milite,rY,, and cultural bonds ,linlang
feat Britain, Western, gurope, and North
'America. t would offer, in the economic,
,areni a larger. framework within which to
WOrk ':tOwarckTesolying present conflict be-
tateen. the, Inner, Si* ?and? the Outer
It wtit d_40Ektsici to the ultimate
enievemCnt, zree, competition and free
trade -throtighout it rea. It would work
t,owaN. great,* unity of .armed forces?a
Ainity that, as it grew, America Cotild ,r0C0g-
Aim by placing nuclear weapons under the
Command of NATO.
, It would share among the prosperous
Western nations the burden now falling
largely upon America to bring economic as-
sistance and technical training to underde-
veloped areas--and it would inspire this es-
sential help to be given as a joint under-
taking.
. It would work toward a single Western
plan for enforcible programs of disar-
mament to be negotiated with the Soviet
Union?rather than allow the Soviets to con-
front and exploit a variety of divergent West-
ern programs as they do today.
Finally, it would be a confederation so
strong and so confident as to be ever ready
to enlarge its numbers to include any of the
Soviet-controlled satellites wanting to break
away from the Soviet system and to join a
union of free nations clearly capable of de-
fending themselves.
(2) A Western Hemisphere Confederation.
What would this confederation do? It would
give hope and help to the peoples of Latin
America who today are the world's most
rapidly growing population. It would make
possible a kind of Marshall plan for Latin
America that would work toward long-range
industrial development and a hemisphere
free-trade area, allowing a free flow of men
and goods and money from Point Barrow to
Tierra del Fuego. In my opinion, only ac-
tion of this scope can cheek antidemocratic
forces, spurred on by Communist influences
from abroad, as are so evident in Cuba today.
It would join efforts everywhere to make
the land serve the people, by supporting
land reform wherever necessary and by fos-
tering so great a joint project as an East
Andes Development Authority. Such an au-
thority could open up the fertile soils and
abundant power along this great frontier
reaching from Caribbean shores 3,000 miles
southward through the heart of the conti-
nent.
It would inspire progressive social action
on a broad front. It would quicken the
growth of universities. It would encourage
scientific research and development. And it
would tackle such urgent social problems as
the need to finance, through a hemispheric
credit mechanism akin to FHA, a massive
program of low-cost housing in the fast-
growing metropolitan centers of the hemi-
sphere.
(3) An African Confederation. What
would this conference actually do? To
begin with, it would respect and echo the
spirit of African unity already voiced by
African leaders who are themselves impatient
with old forms of nationalism that have no
real roots in-Africa.
With the cooperation of the North Atlantic
Confederation, It would then begin with the
most urgent task before the newly free Afri-
can peoples, that of providing skills and
training to millions just learning to govern
themselves and to direct their own econ-
omies.
It would establish specific institutes of
training in these subjects, from civil admin-
istration and auditing to telephone com-
munication and roadbuilding. These insti-
tutes could largely be financed by the com-
bined resources from public and private
These, then, are some concrete examples
of work to be done. The challenges are no
less great in the Middle East and the Far
East. Here, too, the rewards of working con-
federations can be enormous?for the cause
of freedom. Ultimately, effective confedera-
tion can mean the proving that freedom can
work?and that the needs and aspirations
of free peoples everywhere can be met by
bold and imaginative leadership of the free
world.
This is a cause to challenge the greatness
of America?to stir its people?to inspire its
leaders. -
This is a time in history when the skeptics
and the cynics must not be allowed to make
us shy from great endeavor, boldly conceived
and bravely executed. Nor can we be turned
aside by oversimplified warnings in terms
of costs and expenses?warnings that, while
seeming to be realistic, take little account
of the facts.
We must remember the basic truth that
only as the free nations of the world share
in growth and strength can they share cost.
Only as world productivity expands can the
free peoples find a more sound and just
source of help than the income of the indi-
vidual American taxpayer. Only as the
American economy grows in size and
strength can it fulfill the opportunities of
freedom and meet the challenge of com-
munism. And this growth of ours can come
only in a world whose productivity is speed-
ing and whose economy is expanding.
The practical and the ideal are thus not
at odds with one another. They are one and
the same. And they must join to do what
Is more than desirable?they must do what
is utterly and vitally necessary for the sur-
vival of freedom. We can hope to do this
only with political structures in the world
that can give both form and force to the
principles of human dignity and individual
worth.
What must be proven is that free citizens
and free nations have the will and the wis-
dom to be as creative in this 20th century as
our own American Founding Fathers were
in the 18th century. Then freedom on this
continent was at stake. Today it is freedom
throughout the world. And the size of our
designs and our purposes must match the
size of the perils that challenge us.
I am confident that we can?as we must?
build on this scale of greatness. I deeply
believe in particular that the youth of
America are ready and eager for the great
adventure that can lie ahead. Let us begin
this adventure by building those political
structures throughout the world which will
enable free peoples to live in peace and
know justice. Let us begin it with the zeal
and courage of our forefathers.
We have nothing to lose but our fears.
We have the future of freedom to win.
Captive Nations Week
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF,
HON. HAROLD C. OSTERTAG
Or NEN YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Saturday, July 2, 1960
Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Speaker, a year
ago the Congress adopted a resolution
calling upon the President to proclaim
"Captive Nations Weeks.? This was done
and the proclamation has been renewed
this year. In the week of July 17, 1960,
we will again observe Captive Nations
Week.TlI
e
Soviet Union, whose fondness for
branding other nations as imperialists
represents the depths of hypocrisy and
deceit, has forcibly thrust its evil Com-
munist doctrine upon more than 20 na-
tions throughout the world. It has sub-
jugated these nations by force and sub-
version and created a Communist empire
of nations which are, in truth, captives.
We think of the fate of Hungary, Poland,
East Germany, Czechoslovakia, the Baltic
States, Bulgaria, and many more.
If these captive nations could choose,
they would choose Independence and
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1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
freedom.yather than Communist subju-
gation. 'rFor no nation has ever freely
chosen communism. Who would prefer
bondage to freedom? This evil system
has gained power only by violence, sub-
version, deceit, and force.
We in the United States are well aware
of the sentiments of these captive peo-
ples. We understand and support their
aspirations for liberty and independence.
We know that so long as any nation is
oppressed and subjugated, no nations can
be entirely free.
The captive nations resolution last
year caused great consternation in the
Soviet Union for it struck an area which
the Communists anxiously desire to keep
submerged. They know the captive na-
tions represent a major weakness in the
Communist system. Instead of the great
monolithic system which the Communists
pretend exists, the Communist empire is
held together by chains.
We have faith that the desire for free-
dom and independence will not remain
suppressed indefinitely by brute force.
The United States supports the cause of
freedom everywhere and the right of self-
determination for all peoples. We look
forward with hope to the day when these
noble principles will again prevail in the
captive nations of the world.
Captive Nations Week
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PETER W. RODIN?, JR.
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF FtEPRESENTATIVES
Saturday, July 2, 1960
Mr. RODIN?. Mr. Speaker, by resolu-
tion of this Congress, and by proclama-
tion of the President, July 1'7-23 is Cap-
tive Nations Week.
This solemn occasion is a truly his-
toric one. The value and impact of the
resolution was clearly demonstrated last
July, when, as we recall, its passage
evoked an explosive and vituperative re-
action from Nikita Khrushchey.
The forthcoming observance will poig-
nantly portray to the Nation as well as
to the world, the plight of the nations
who live in Soviet captivity. These na-
tions, let us recall, do not just exist out-
side of the Soviet Union, where the heavy
hand of Russia systematically exploits
the resources and relentlessly treads
upon the liberties of the valiant peoples
of central Europe. The U.S.S.R. itself
Is built upon the captivity of 100 million
non-Russian people who endure, in secret
rebellion, the excesses of the Soviet
Empire.
Let us remember that, despite the
taetics of the police state, and despite
merciless attempts at russification, these
peoples also struggle to retain the ves-
tiges of their national identity. Brute
force, Which has achieved a surface
unity, has at the same time only
strengthened the will of the people for
se11-deteriiiination and freedom.
The depth Of the desire for liberty was
tragically demonstrated by the revolts in
Poland and the bloodbath of Hungary.
The people of the captive nations have
never accepted the Soviet tyranny, nor
have they forgotten the priceless freedom
that once, however briefly, was theirs.
I anticipate that the week of July 17
will bring demonstrations, rallies, and
parades throughout the Nation. By
these observances Americans will give
heart and courage to the peoples in cap-
tivity and will remind the world, as well
as their, oppressors, that we have for-
gotten their suffering no more than they
have forgotten their precious dream of
freedom.
When President Eisenhower issued the
captive nations proclamation, he stated
that such observances shall take place
each year "until such time as freedom
and independence shall have been
achieved for all the captive nations of
the world." Let us hope and pray that,
with God's help, we shall soon see the day
when the need for a Captive Nations
Creek exists no more.
Our Region Needs Debate on Water
Problems, Too
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN A. CARROLL
OF COLORADO
LN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Saturday, July 2, 1960
Mr. CARROLL. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the Appendix of the RECORD, an article
from the Denver Post of June 26, 1960,
entitled "Our Region Needs Debate on
Water Problems, Too."
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
Om REG/ON NEEDS DEBATE ON WATER
PROBLEMS, Too
The Senate Select Committee on National
Water Resources has not completely sifted
the millions of words of expert and ama-
teur testimony it has taken this past year.
But one fact has already become apparent,
as the adjoining article indicates.
What the committee calla the "South-
west"evrater region of the country, which
includes Colorado and the vast area served
by the Colorado River, is on its way to be-
coming the "wafer crisis" area of the Nation
in the next 40 years.
Here are the challenging figures:
Today this nine-State region (Arizona,
California, Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, and Utah) has a
population of roughly 30 million. Its water
use, including farm irrigation, averages out
to about 2476 gallons per person per day.
This current level of water use is supplied
primarily from surface runoff water in our
rivers and streams. The region has less of
such runoff than any other in the country.
For the area as a whole this supply can
be estimated at anywhere from 196 down
to 120 million acre-feet per year, depending
on whether you look at the best years or the
poorest. The average has been as low as
120 million acre-feet in drought periods.
Now, taking the Bureau of the Census
high-range population projections for the
same region, we can expect about 89 million
people by the year 2000. California and
A5983
southern Arizona are expected to be one of
the great urban areas of the Nation.
This is substantially more than our "best
years" average supply, and alxnsot twice the
average for the driest 10-year period in the
region's history.
Suppose we allow a 1,600-gallon-a-day
average use figure in the great Southwest
of 40 years from now (and that's only two-
thirds of present per capita use).
Even so, the Senate has been told, the re-
gion will have to almost double its water
storage capacity at very high costs and en-
gage intensively in every known and hoped-
f or method of water conservation and de-
velopment to achieve that lower per capita
use supply. Some of the possibilities are
listed in the adjoining article.
These water figures must force the lead-
ers of our area to ask themselves hard ques-
tions, many of them going against the grain
of regional tradition and sentiment.
For example, is the day already here when
we can no longer afford the use of an acre-
foot of water for farm irrigation because
growing cities and industries need it more,
-and will yield more over-all economic growth
to the region?
Can we ever again afford to use a good
reservoir site for a one-purpose development,
say power alone, or city water supply alone?
Can western water law, based on the first-
come, first-served principle of ownership,
continue to be the framework for our water
development when, as a region, we can see
shortages that will affect great communities
so clearly ahead?
Can any force except the Federal Govern-
ment coordinate and push the comprehen-
sive and extremely expensive programs of
development that the experts tell us will be
not just desirable but essential?
These are only a few of the tough ques-
tions beginning to emerge at meetings of
regional water experts.
But they must become interesting ques-
tions to the layman, too, for 40 years is not
a long time. It's probably within your life-
time and certainly within that of your
children.
/f we now need a great national debate
on foreign policy and purpose, as our best
thinkers are urging, clearly, too, within our.
region we must embark on serious and or-
ganized public discussion of resources prob-
lems, especially regarding water.
Otherwise our regional contribution to
the great national purpose, whatever it may
turn out to be, is in danger of becoming
increasingly ineffective,
Hon. Tom Martin, of Iowa
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS C. HENNINGS, JR.
OF MISSOURI
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Saturday, July 2, 1960
Mr. HENNINGS. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the Appendix of the RECORD, a statement
by me on the retirement from the Senate
of the Honorable Tilos. E. MARTIN, of
Iowa.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT BY SENATOR HENN/NGS ON THE
RETIREMENT OF Row. Tom MARTIN, OE IOWA
I wish to join with my colleagues in the
Senate and House of Representatives in ex-
pressing regret that my friend, Tom MARTIN,
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A5984 CONQRXSSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX July 15
Tinder leave to extend my remarks in
the Rxcoan, I include a news story from
the New York Times which describes the
association's report and recommenda-
tions together with an editorial from the
Newark Evening News which clearly and
forcefully points up the issues at stake.
The article and editorial follow:
[From the New York Times, June 30, 1960j
REGION GETS PLEA FOR UNUSED LAND?PLAN
GROUP BIDS COUNTIES SAVE 220 SQUARE
ISILES
(By John C. Devlin)
Conservationists, alarmed by the increas-
ing roar of bulldozers, pleaded yesterday for
a campaign to set aside 220 square miles of
open land in the New York metropolitan
area for the good of this generation and
future ones. .
A report by the Regional Plan Association
supported by leading conservation groups,
said "unbridled metropolitan expansion" was
the crux of the problem.
The report, which included 140 photo-
graphs of existing natural assets, said that
proper planning and land acquisition was
needed not only for the economic and emo-
tional health of the area, but also as an aid
to flood control and the protection of water
reSources, necessary to meet the demands of
an exploding population.
The specific locations of the tracts recom-
mended for acquisition were not identified
in order to prevent speculators from buying
them.
However, included are 30 tracts of less than
100 acres and three with more than 5,000_
acres. Most of them-104?fall in the /00-
to-299-acre category. It was recommended
that 20,000 more acres outside the New York
region also be acquired.
The report?the third or fourth to be made
by the association?is only a survey. Recom-
mendation to municipalities, counties, the
three States affected and the Federal Gov-
ernment, will be contained in a final report
to be published later.
The survey, entitled "Nature in the
Metropolis," was prepared by Dr. William A.
Niering, an ecologist and associate profes-
sor of botany at Connecticut College, New
London.
It was released by Griffith B. Harris, First
Selectman of Greenwich, Conn? and Otto L.
Nelson, vice president of the Regional Plan
Association, and cochairman of its park,
recreation, and open space project, which is
sponsoring the series.
The association is nonprofit. Thirty
years has provided leadership in the coordi-
nation of the development of the region and
In the encouragement of county and muni-
cipal planning. It works in coopePation
with the metropolitan regional council, an
Informal voluntary forum of the chief execu-
tives of the region's counties, cities, and
towns.
POPULATION CREATES PROBLEM
Mr. Harris said the essence of the problem
was that the 7,000 square miles in the region
was only 25 percent developed today but that
it faced "unprecedented" developments as
the population rose. The tri-State metro-
politan region, while now having a popula-
tion of 16 million people, is expected to en-
compass 8 million more persons within the
next 25 years.
This region extends roughly 50 miles from
New York City and embraces 22 counties,
principally in North Jersey and in the lower
Hudson Valley area, It also includes Fair-
field County in southwestern Connecticut.
Dr. Niering reported that "nature is more
varied in the New York region than in any
other metropolitan area of the country." He
described it as "a natural bounty" with "fast
dwindling resources."
But, he added, "Participation in such nat-
ural area activities as hiking, bird-watching,
Oaring from the Senate this year. Spe-
ginF. 14....matteas dealing with taxation,
cultitiMAgict 3Ational defense, he has
sacle *any, steady, significant, and lasting
COntribu,ticalS in these areas.
rneAot courage, integrity, and un-
derstanding. A good and solid citizen with
human aympathy, he has served exceedingly
'well the people of America and his constitu-
ents in iewa. The people of Iowa whom he
has represented for 22 years, as well as his
tellew Members of Congress, will miss his
honorable and constructive service.
. Wig MartaaN hafi left an indelible imprint
qi tlis destiny of the Nation. Modest, firm,
pd skillful,, he has been faithful in his
devotion. to Congress. lie typifies the public
liervszt Who comes to Congress and dili-
gently attends to business without seeking
publicity or headlines. He has worked un-
itrinily to protect the liberties of our Na-
.As ha retires to private life, he carries with
tun the continuing admiration and affection
of his colleagues on both sides of the aisle.
italY linderStand and respect his desire to
return to private life after so many years of
dedicated public service. He has earned the
best of everything. / wish for him and for
his loved ones many more years of good
bealth, great happiness and succpss.
en Land for Metropolitan Areas
MrYENSION OF ItIlMitEgz
HON. FLORENcE P. DWYER
? Or NEW ;MS=
IN TUE HOUSE or EXPRFAENTATIVpS
?iSoturddy, July 2, 1960
Mrs, DWYER. Mr. Speaker, the pre-
liminary results of the 1960 national
census indicate that about 80 percent of
Our Nation's population growth is con-
centrated in metropolitan areas. And,
already, nearly two-thirds of our people
reside in these huge and spreading
Urban-suburban complexes.
Moreover, all the evidence points to
an Increased trend in this direction?.
bringing all of us inevitably closer to the
day when we shall be overwhelmed by
the multitude of unsolved problems aris-
ing from metropolitan living, unless im-
mediate and well-coordinated action is
taken.
Mass transportation, slum clearance,
urban renewal, highways, water re-
sources, and air pollution?these are
among the better known challenges fac-
ing the governing bodies at local, county,
State, and Federal levels with jurisdic-
tion over metropolitan areas.
There is another problem, however?
directly related to all the others?which
Is rapidly reaching the critical stage.
This is the need to preserve and develop
what remains of the open land in metro-
politan regions, in order that present and
future needs for the economic, recrea-
tional and social resources of bpen space
may be met,
The Regional Plan Association, a pri-
vate a,ncl nonprofit group which has
worked effectively to alert the New York-
New Jersey-Connecticut metropolitan
area to the need for cooperative plan-
ning and action in many of these fields,
recently published a report on the need
to save our open land.
hunting, fishing, camping, and ihating is
outstripping population gains by far.
"This fact is borne out by the steady in.
creases in attendance records, equipment
sales, licenses issued, and by mere observa-
tion. There is a great trek to the woods,
waters and wetlands because nature provides
"the best setting for relief from urban living."
Furthermore, he said, "these areas provide
an invaluable teaching facility which is vi-
tally needed by the region's schools, colleges,
and universities."
"As outdoor laboratories," he said, "they
add a true element of life and dynamism to
the science curriculum and make studies
really meaningful."
As an example of an economic asset, Dr.
Niering cited the commercial fishing indus-
try. More than 600 million pounds of fish
and shellfish worth in excess of $20 million
have been taken from the coastal waters of
New York and New Jersey, he said.
"It is now well established biologically that
these resources are dependent upon and are
intricately associated with tidal marshes as
well as the estuaries and surrounding bays,"
he said.
Dr. Niering's survey backs up a recent pro-
posal of Governor Rockefeller to spend $75
million on parks and recreation. Next No-
vember the voters will have an opportunity
to vote on a bond issue needed to finance
this program.
"Green areas for parks and recreation pur-
poses in our State are disappearing so rapidly
that it is frightening," the Governor said.
The report also comes in the wake of recent
census figures that indicate showing a grow-
ing exodus of urban people to the suburbs.
Conservation, Dr. Niering said, "is not
often associated with the built-up portions
of our Nation."
"Yet in this era of unbridled metropolitan
expansion it has become a critical urban
problem," he declared. "Conservation, af-
ter all, is for people, and in the tri-State
metropolitan region?the largest concentra-
tion of people in the United States?the need
to conserve open land has become a matter
of urgency," he said.
The 64-page report is divided into these
see-tons:
A description of the region's natural fea-
tures, with photographs and text devoted to
the shoreline, the Atlantic Ocean, beaches,
and dunes, salt marshes, bays and ponds,
and uplands with their woodlands, farm-
lands, and wetlands.
A report on the need for conservation,
with sections on recreation, wildlife study,
the protection of commercial fishing re-
sources, the need to combat floods, water
shortages, and air pollution.
A study of conservation practices and
areas that have already been established in
the region by public and private interests.
A report on the amount of land needed for
conservation.
Photographs, many of them dramatic,
show typical flora and fauna of the region.
Copies are available at the Regional Plan
Association offices at 230 West 41st Street.
The price is $3.
[From the Newark (N.J.) Evening News,
July 1, 1960 ]
OPEN LAND
The Regional Plan Association is addressing
itself to one of the great public needs of our
time?the preservation of open space. All
of us hope to leave something to our chil-
dren and grandchildren and work hard to do
so. But at the same time we are making
little effort to conserve their natural heritage.
If we go on letting factories, real estate de-
velopments, highways, and airports cover
every inch of the metropolitan area, our de-
scendants are going to suffer a deprivation
for which they will not forgive us.
In the metropolitan area embacing New
Jersey, New York, and Connecticut much
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