FREEDOM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00965R000300110067-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 5, 2003
• Sequence Number: 67
• Content Type: OPEN

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Approved For Rslea19.2
'CONGRESS'.
RRVCTION OF mitt L
Mr: WATNWRIGHT. Speaker, on
' ..).02,?On.jesterdai, 'f ani
tortle4 as not YotIng. Tiia-s'OreSerit and
vote& "yea!' I ask unanimous cOnSent
that the permanent RECORD and the
? Journal be corrected accOrolingly.
he SPEAKER, PrO tempore. Without
? objection, It is so ordered.
The e w o objection.
'
( FREEDOM
The SPEAKER. Under previous or-
der (4, the House, the gentleman from
Pennsylvania Mfr. itolosi is recognized
for 6Q minutes. :
(Ier. nO9p*ked" and was given per;.
MissiOn to revise -and eitetid'hiS remarks
0,44 include extraneous matter.)
mr',Vr.,Don. Mr. Sneaker, because of
the limited calender at onr disposal in
? this session, r 'hesitated to ask for this
time hut 'felt tDe: sublept for discusiion
Warranted the 'special order.
My -purpose to-ay is to beak of free-
dom And I ern sure that-every Mernber
of this -body will be in ready agreement
that there is no more important subject
With which we can condern gurSelves.
IS in no Wise te. minimize the pa-
triotism of my 'countrymen id Suggest
thatSometirripi, the'Se 470; ire are Ili-
dined to take freedom for granted.
jt, 41 like the air we 'breathe; we expect
It as)), right, and accept it casually. Be-
- cause freedom for Americans is an ae-
cepted thing, we are ofttimes disposed to
assume that this is a commonplace con-
dition tbrOnikhOnt the world.
As a naatter_of WV; white we are
gathered 'here, and at the very' trine I
speaking, millions upon millions of
human beings are totally denied free-
dom, are in fact existing under the stern
repreSsions and deprivations of Commu-
nist tyranny.
And so I address inself today to the
all-important subject of freedom----fr-ee-
dem as a God-given right to :be enjoyed
by all men in all climes and in all the
remote parts of the world.
.Americaris cannot be indifferent?nor
are We?to the plight of our fellow hu-
man beings behind the Iron and the
Bamboo Curtains. These slaVes of Red
tyranny are our brothers; their distress
is our concern; their Welfare our duty.
? One has only to consult the pages el'
American history to quickly come Upon
the fact that the colonial forces in our
Nation's war fqr freedom., and independ
served bY Patriots
front tlae 9Wor. --611, George
Washington an his men were admirably
Asoged,bry such soldiers as Baron von
$l'enQf Cierraany, Kosciusko and Pu
laski of Poland, and valiant warriore
;Wager", and elsewhere. These
ilskA Sh.eiz, all:that America Might
Ve- iildeperidence. 2kiid" So it IS now
only a matter Of conscience and sound
national policy, a Matter of retribUtive
;justice that we now interest ourselves in
our separated brethren who languish in
the vast prisons of Iron Curtain land.
Mr. Speaker, in the beginning I would
like to stress one simple fact: freedom is
To paraphrase Lincoln, the
W0.114can;ri.ot endure "half -slave and
half free,' and further to remark upon
tike thought of the Great Enaanoi-
vator, just so long as the freedom of
-any one people is denied, then so is the
freedom of the whole world in jeopardy.
Another fact I would like to point up
-at the outset is that nowhere on the
face of the earth is there a Communist
government that has resulted from a
free choice by free men. Communist
governments today are the result of
bloody force, or the connivings of Red
puppets who undermined the states by
subversion and treason. The Red em-
pire today rules by force?let the Red
armies be withdrawn from the satellite
countries and see how long the Com-
munists would remain in power.
As we look out upon the world at this
very minute, we see a real imperialist
empire, a vast colonial enterprise, im-
posing its will on millions of people in
many countries.
So we come to the all-important ques-
tion of the captive nations?nations and
peoples held in the vicious vise of Red
tyranny.
Mr. Speaker, last year the Congress of
the United States passed one of the most
significant pieces of legislation in our
time. That was the Captive Nations
Week resolution, now Public Law 86-
00. This year, Americans responded en-
thusiastically to the summons of this
resolution and also to the Presidential
proclamation which is based upon it.
The first anniversary of the Captive Na-
tions Week resolution was a huge suc-
cess. The record of this year's Captive
Nations Week observances must be taken
- account of, and the pressing need for
the implementation of Public Law 86-
90 must be needed. The citizens of our
Nation have expressed themselves on
this need, and we, their representatives,
are obliged to fulfill it.
In proposing a House Committee on
the Captive Nations I wish to describe
in the most succinct manner possible the
record of essential events surrounding
the resolution and this year's observ-
ances. Allow me to approach this vital
subject by, first, stating the meaning
and significance of Captive Nations
Week; second, presenting the prepara-
tions made by our citizens for this year's
successful observance; third, showing the
scope and extent of the observance; and,
fourth, offering additional evidence for
immediate congressional action in estab-
lishing a House Committee on the Cap-
tive Nations.
laIRTJSHCKEV AND CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
In view' of world developments this
past year, and particularly in recent
months, the urgency of recognizing the
strategic importance of all the captive
nations to U.S. interests in the cbld war
canna be too strongly emphasized.
IChiniholieli I elf`j,l'ofiirlded conclusive
Mr-0'6e Ortha -It wilrbe reeilled-that
When -Congregs Passed the resbIution
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lait year and the PregidenCissued
proclamation, Khrushchev flew into a
wild rage. There was good, sound rea-
son for this violent and troubled re-
action. The resolution for the first time
struck at the tenuous bases of Moscow's
propaganda pretensions and claims by
which it seeks to deceive and influence
minds throughout the nontotalitarian
free world.
Month after month, Moscow and its
organs continued the attack against the
resolution and the enormous possibilities
implied by it. Why should this so-called
mighty power have been troubled so
deeply? The reason lies in the critical
threat posed by the contents of the res-
olution to Moscow's ideologic war against
the free world. Realism in foreign pol-
icy necessitates that we be guided by
evidence. This evidence of the past year
cannot be ignored,
Unfortunately, the meaning of the
resolution and Moscow's reaction to it
was not fully understood or appreciated
by many Americans. Some chided the
Congress for confronting the sprawling
Bear with the clubs of truth and ideals.
Others failed completely in their under-
standing of the new qualities and di-
mensions of the resolution. They never
bothered to ask themselves, "How is it,
our leaders spoke in the past about cap-
tive nations and yet Moscow didn't react
this way?" The reason for this was due
to the fact that for the first time the
resolution spoke in behalf of all captive
nations, particularly those within the
Soviet Union. In this respect, Mr.
Speaker, I should like to incorporate
with my remarks a transcript of the pro-
gram, "Moscow's Reaction to Captive
Nations Week," staged by the award-
winning Georgetown University Forum.
It explains in detail the points I have
been making here:
MOSCOW'S REACTION TO CAPTIVE NATIONS
WEEK
Participants: Donald L. Miller, editor of
Freedom Facts; Francis McNamara, execu-
tive member of the All American Conference
To Combat Communism; Dr. Lev E. Do-
briansky, originator and author of the Cap-
tive Nations Week resolution and chairman
of the national committee organizing the
observance. Moderator: Matthew Warren.
Mr. WARREN. "Moscow's Reaction to Cap-
tive Nations Week," the topic for the 711th
consecutive broadcast of the Georgetown
University Radio Forum, another in a series
of educational and informative programs
from Washington.
The Georgetown Forum was founded in
1946. This is Matthew Warren speaking by
transcription from the Raymond Reiss Stu-
dio on the camput of Georgetown Univers-
ity, historic Jesuit seat of learning in the
Nation's Capital.
Today's discussion will be on "Moscow's
Reaction to Captive Nations Week." The
participants are Mr. Donald L. Miller, edi-
tor of Freedom Facts and chairman of the
Washington Captive Nations Week Commit-
tee; Mr. Francis McNamara, executive mem-
ber of the All American Conference To Com-
bat Communism and member a the staff
of the souse Un-American Activities Com-
mittee; Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, originator
and author of the Captive Nations Week
resolution and chairman of the national
committee organizing the observance.
To begin our discussion, I should like to
call ? your attention to the observance of
Captive Nations Week which will take place
this year during the week of July 17 to 23.
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CONGAESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE
Congress passed the Captive Na-
l; fesolutien. Which is /IOW Public
,--Accgreling to the law, the Presl-
antOrizest to issue an annual proc-
Lpz eraMittees have Peen formed in
or Cities to observe the spirit of the
esi?nai resolution,
V-Y 't0 measure the worth Of the
e nations Week observanee is to Ana-
'0044 reaction during the put year,
q,prppose to do during this program.
nsky,' what was the purpose of
11-#9,0
,$)nAkTsliSr. Tile purpose of the reso-
tiQn. Wee?,paanifold, I believe. One could
4eri dveralf basis that aCtnally we
ght fo bring to the attention of the Amer-
people the strategic importance of all
9,aPtive nations to American, security
tereste._
addition to tJIs, it is to serve as a
IrehlOie Ter the, advance of freedom in the
areaa, of propaganda, psychological and po-
litical_ warfare, By emphasizing the con-
tents Of this resolution, not only during
Captive Nations Week but in the course of
the entire year. I sincerely believe that we
WOUld be ?able to offset the propaganda ad-
VfliP-ce$ -131061e XI' Moscow.
,tj. Virmann. Would you say, then, it was
designed to stir up the people of the captive
nations?
'pr. Dosigransicr, Yes; in the sense of stir-
ring 'them: up to this fact and realization,
that the people in the United States are ever
cOgnizant of their captive status and that
We I kill explore every possible peaceable
Means to bring about their eventual libera-
tion and freedom,
?;,V4ant to emphasize that contrary to many
of ,the speculations at the time the resolu-
ion was passed, hy Congress, and certainly
ter the reaction On the Part of Moscow,
en many newspapers claimed that actu-
lly the resolutiou sought to make the Amer-
can, people cognizant of the plight of these
tive nations, it does more than that.
notsimply to recognize that they are
this eaptive status but to see and under-
as put it before, the strategic im-
portance of ail of the captive nations. I am
not just referring to those in satellite
Enron% meaning central Europe, but I am
also taking into account the captive nations
wit hill/ Vthe .R. and those in Asia. And,
takn e n the aggregate, you have a very im-
posing ?actor here.
. Ur. W.Aarg.n., How do American individuals
participate in such an observance other than
to be C9gn1Zant of it?
? br, "Porairanenr. The resolution passed by
Congress calls, of course, upon all Ameri-
Eatis to observ,e Captive Nations Week. In
the e01,irse of this week, which is the third
iveck of July, individuals and groups in
their respective localities are expected to
, ?
engage in religious services, to have rallies,
discussion meetings, even editorial corn-
Ments threugh various juornalistic media;
and in ,?the Coupe of such thinking and rea-
4On-hag abont the captive nations?again,
taiien th:e aggregate?it is hoped that our
people would, in turn press for more for-
midable and really more successful cold war
Media on the part of our Government in
offsetting the perilous threat of Moscow.
Mr, WaBREN. gr. MCNAmmu, shortly after
his resolution was, passed last year the
Soviet Premier, Khrushchev, appeared to be
Very u:pset by asking numerous questions of
the then visiting Vice President Nixon.
Why do you suppose he was SO Upset?
MCNASIAZA. Well, one reason, I would
say, was because this resolution pricked his
conteiFnee; it hit him in a very sensitive
spot: His violent reaction to the proposal
indicated this. To quote Shakespeare, "He
did protest too much." This Usually indi-
cate,s that they know they are wrong and
they feel guilty. I think that this was the
Major reason for his violent reaction; that
he knew that this charge was true; and he
screamed and protested the way he did in a
more or less desperate effort to offset the
effectiveness and the truth contained in
this resolution.
Dr. DOBRIANSEY. Mr. MCNAMARA, may I
ask, "Would you agree that Khrushchev ex-
ploded and reacted violently against this
resolution because of certain new qualities
contained in the resolution?"
What / have in mind here is the fact that
for years we have been talking about certain
captive nations. The President and our
Secretaries of State talked about them over
the Voice of America and other media.
'Surely right up to the time of the Hungarian
revolution there was a great deal of talk
about the captive nations. But, sig-
nificantly, the concept was largely restricted
to central Europe: whereas here for the first
time we have a governmental document
which lists numerous and all the captive
nations; in fact, the majority of them exist
outside of central Europe, both within the
Soviet Union and, in addition, in Asia.
Because of this new element?namely, this
recognition that the Soviet Union is not a
nationally integrated state, that, instead, it
is really made up of numerous nations and
that they are captive in the sense that the
resolution conveys captivity?this. I think,
rocked Khrushchev.
Would you agree with this interpretation?
Mr. MCNAMARA. I do. I believe that is un-
doubtedly true. Another element is this, that
Moscow has been demanding self-determina-
tion in all parts of the world for many years,
always throwing the charge of colonialism
against the Western Powers generally and de-
manding that the people in Latin America,
who are allegedly enslaved by U.S. imperial-
ism, the people in Asia, Africa, and so forth,
be allowed to determined their own form
of government, be given independence.
Here for the first time, really, the United
States officially challenged Khrushchev on
this point. We threw his challenge back to
him and demanded that he permit self-
determination in the nations that he, the
great imperialist, has enslaved.
This, I think, was a very good thing. We
have been more or less backing away and
not doing much before in answer to this
challenge and the propaganda that he had
issued on the theme of self-determination.
Here we were answering him an.d doing it
so very effectively, I might add.
Mr. WARREN. Mr. Miller, do you recall some
other incidents of violent Soviet reaction?
Mr. MILLER. I think the Russian Commu-
nist reaction to Captive Nations Week was
quite dramatic. We have to remember that
this was not a U-2 incident. We did not
actually invade or cross Russian territory.
We merely stated a principle and a point
of view. The reaction to that was some-
what surprising. A few days after Captive
Nations Week began here, on July 22, Pravda
came out with quite a vitriolic editorial
which condemned Captive Nations Week and
made a very strong point of the fact that the
Socialist camp is firm and strong as never be-
fore.
The following day, as you probably remem-
ber, Vice President Nixon visited the Soviet
Union and nearly the first word which
Khrushchev addressed to him was to the ef-
fect, "Well, here you are coming to visit and
take a look at the captives."
Throughout Mr. Nixon's visit to the So-
viet Union, Khrushchev and a number of
hecklers in the crowds came up to him and
asked him about the captives, and tried to
persuade him that the people in the Soviet
Union really were not captives.
To demonstrate this, on July 22 Khru-
shchev took Nixon on a boat trip and
showed him a number of Russian bathers.
He used the phrase, "Here are your captives.
See how happy they look."
But the most surprising expression from
the Russian Communist came on July 30,
when the propagandists told their own peo-
ple that Captive Nations Week had failed.
They suggested that the reason that they
thought it had failed, was because during
the week none of the peoples in the captive
nations had revolted.
I don't believe that anyone in the United
States had expected a revolt during that
particular week, but apparently many of
the Russian Communists did.
I think we can make two deductions from
this. One is that Captive Nations Week hits
a very weak spot in the Communist armor;
and the second is that we can do this with-
out even leaving our own communities.
MX. WARREN. Dr. Dobriansky, It sounds to
me as if Mr. Khrushchev was your best pub-
licity agent.
Dr. DORRIANSIKY. To that I would agree.
As a matter of fact, the publicity agent
served our purposes in many ways, having
made this known to the peoples and nations
within the entire Communist empire and,
at the same time, having made it known
even to our American people, despite the
fact that many of them still down to this
day don't really understand the meaning
and the significance of this resolution.
But before saying anything about that, I
would like Mr. McNamara to discuss perhaps
some of the reactions in the so-called satel-
lite area of central Europe. Moscow alone
was not in this game of violent and vehe-
ment rebuttal against the resolution.
Mr. WARREN. Would you first point up the
difference between a "satellite" and a "cap-
tive nation"?
Dr. DOBRIANSKY. Frankly, / don't accept
this distinction in connection with the var-
ious nations within the Communist world.
A satellite, a political satellite in its true
sense would be, let us say, Portugal in rela-
tion to Great Britain. One wouldn't say
that Portugal was in any state of enslave-
ment, but it was a satellite in terms of the
general directions of British foreign policy.
Analogous to that, I imagine, one can
justify somewhat the use of the term "satel-
lite" to Yugoslavia. That was the reason
Yugoslavia was not contained in this resolu-
tion.
But with regard to the countries that we
oftentimes, I think, misapply the term
"satellite," the term "captive nation" is
vastly more accurate and appropriate.
What does it indicate? It simply indi-
cates that each of these nations, those in
central Europe, those within the U.S.S.R.,
those in Asia, have been subjected by force
to a foreign yoke. They are under the domi-
nation of the policy of that foreign yoke,
meaning Moscow.
I say this in full cognizance of the sup-
posed cleavage between Peiping and Moscow.
Mr. WARREN. Mr. MCNAMARA.
-
Mr. MCNAMARA. As Dr. Dobriansky men-
tioned, there was violent reaction to this
resolution not only on Khrushchev's part
and within the Soviet Union itself but in all
of the other captive nations.
In Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Po-
land, Albania, East Germany, all the official
propaganda media?radio, the newspapers,
controlled press, and so forth?all were ex-
tremely vitriolic and loud in their denuncia-
tions of the resolution.
They charged that it was interference in
their internal affairs, just as Moscow did.
They charged it was a threat to peace, and so
forth. I believe that this violent reaction
throughout the Soviet empire indicates how
fearful Moscow is of this resolution and the
ideas contained in it.
You see, Khrushchev denounces this reso-
lution very loudly. But if you just stop to
think of it you can realize that, if this charge
on the part of the U.S. Congress against the
Soviet Union was false, he could so easily
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prove it by just elle-Wing free elections within
the Soviet empire. And if, as he claims, they
are nOt'captiVe nations, they would all vote
for continued Soviet enslavement; and, then,
he could turn aroUnd. and laugh in our face
and make the 4.1;:lnited Stated leak -ridiculous.
CeuXae,' he Will never 'fiSk this because
he .knOwd 'truth that' they 'are -Captive na-
tions; rand, if given a chance to vote, they
-.would;overwhelniingly, frem all the evidence
that ie ea irn gater, rejeet Soviet and Com-
Dr VointiAN-slit. I may interrupt;
another aspect, T think; that ShbriId be men-
tioned, is that- this reaction on the part of
111osceiw and the Puppets wad not restricted
In a time length te 1 week or 2 weeks at the
end of last
? ;On the contrary, the reaction was per-
petuated So that- going into the following
'months ot the year, right down to December,
as Lar as I know; the Communist organs con-
tinued to lambast this particular resolution.
'For example, in August, you recall, the
Month before Ithrushchev made his arrival
frt the United States, they played up an ar-
ticle of his, that appeared in the Foreign
, Affairs journal. It was' an October issue,
but an advanee publicity was given to it. In
this particular article: Which I have before
the, Khrushchev -regards the resolution as
"fan act of provocation."
'The interesting thing- about this is that he
offers a challenge' to the sponsors-of the res-
olution and the backers of it, in the sense
that he -raises the _question: -"How would
America and Amiricani-haVe felt if the Par-
liarnent of -MexicO had; for 'Meta/ice, passed
'similar resChition deinanding that Texas,
- ArizOna, and California be liberated from
0.1rierican slaVery?"
, -lit*, after this appeared, I prepared a
gUestion which Was' submittedto one Sena-
tor Who eventually, the following month, pre-
Sented this to Ithruslicheir the tea party
. given by the 'Senate' PoreignRelatiOns Com-
EiiitSee. And' the question was this: Fine,
Khrushchev. View of the fact that
you used Texas, Arizona, and California, let
its ilSe comp-arable areas -Within the Soviet
. Vnion: Ukraine for Texas, the Caucasian na-
tions for 'California, and tithiiania for Art.
Zona. Let us, tinder' have
the 'respective peoples in their areas vote: in
.
our., area here, for example, whether our
Texans Want to remain with the United
States, join Mexico, Or be independent, and
there, whether the Ukranians want to remain,
with Moscow, join some other unit, or be in-
dePendent
The question, I understand, Was posed to
him and he refiised even to recognize it.
.DIX. 'WARREN. 110* mail*" tithes hail the
United Nations rebuked Mr. Khrushchev in
this connection and he has Ignored 'it cola--
pletely. Misr should this particular - thing
worry hiineven more? Mr. miller, would you
file to answer that one? -
Mr. MILI,EB.think Captive Nations Week
? ? goes right to the heart of one of the great
problems of the Soviet Empire, that is, the
problem of nationalities.
Joseph Stalin a number of years ago built
his reputation as a Comittimist theorist on
the, basis that he had solved the nationalities
problem.
solution consisted of saying, "Let's tell
the, people in the various -nations- that they
Cah, be frse.ancr?eciult,1 within the Communist
bloc, that they Can Maintain their owri-lan-
guage and their own culture, and get the
- benefits, of _helps in this larger group"; at
the, same time, all these nation's are ruled by
Cemmunist party leaders' whclowe their* "jobs
and, their toyalties to Moscow. So that in
r ;Ix all the nations are ruled directly from
? . .
aireiithinkind Of deception Which
? COMP/1-14sta have been tithing in respect
to, the' captive natiCare Within the V.S.S..E.
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They have been using it in respect to the
nations in central Europe.
To these people in central Europe, for
example, Khrushchev says time and time
again, "Your government is entirely in the
hands of your own people."
Well, the people in these countries know
this isn't true because they know that they
are ruled by the Communist Party leaders
and these party leaders are responsible to
Moscow.
-So that when Captive Nations Week and
the American people come out and say the
truth about this matter, Khrushchev feels
that the veil, statement of the truth is a
deadly threat to the whole unity and the so-
called solidity of the Communist empire.
Dr. DOBRIANSKY. That is a very important
point, in my judgment, for it advances the
weapon of truth. In the past few months
we have been talking about the diplomacy
of truth.
It would seem to me, in answer to your
original question, that the contents of this
resolution, if properly elaborated, would give
us many new truths which we could use in
this area of the cold war.
I am one who is convinced that this is
the only course for us. Knowing something
about the cold war pursued by St. Petersburg
and Moscow even prior to the coming of
the Communists, about the manner in which
they built up their empire over the centuries,
about the ways they have developed their
cold war. techniques, I feel that it is in the
propaganda, psychopolitical area where
untimately the final decision will be made
in this life-or-death struggle.
In this case the resolution gives us many
channels, many dimensions that we could
pursue, diplomatically, in the propaganda
area, even in the economic area. If one
considers, for example, the disposition of
resources within the U.S.S.R., one finds that
most of the important resources in any
single area are concentrated in Turkestan
or in Ukraine.
Turkestan is a huge area and it is prop-
erly listed as one of the captive nations in
this resolution. I submit that Khrushchev
and the others in the Kremlin began to
suspect that perhaps there would be a popu-
lar appreciation in this country of the im-
mense psychopolitical possibilities that are
truly open to us.
Unfortunately, when one looks at the rec-
ord?and I have here quite a number of news
clippings, editorials, and comments by our
analysts concerning the Captive Nations
Week resolution and the President's proc-
lamation?I must say that many of our
people simply didn't undertsand it last year.
Mr. WARREN. Mr. MCNAMARA, what evidence
do we have that the people in the captive
nations are aware of this resolution?
Mr. MCNAMARA. Well, they must be aware
of it. We know this because of the extensive
coverage given the resolution in the press,
over the radio and in other communications
media within the captive nations.
One thing I would like to point out is the
Importance of the captive peoples, in this
respect, of maintaining peace in the world
today.
We hear an awful lot about this and vari-
OM plans are being advanced for preventing
the outbreak of war, and so on. I believe the
captive peoples have been possibly as impor-
tant a factor as our atomic bomb, when we
had a monopoly on it, in preserving peace in
this world.
This is because of their resistance to the
Kremlin. The Soviet Empire has a fifth col-
umn "that is larger in numbers and more
intensely hates the regime than any nation
In the world has ever experienced before.
-It is largely because of this resentment, as
demonstrated in the uprising in East Ger-
many in 1953 and Poznan, Poland, in early
1956, in Hungary in October 1966, that the
. .
16447
Soviet IThion Is afraid to start a war, because
it knows that the moment that it does, there
will be a huge outbreak behind its own lines
and it will be sabotaged.
So I think this resolution is extremely im-
portant as a peace preserver because it shows
the captive poples that we are on their side,
that we are working, thinking of their free-
dom and independence, that we recognize the
fact that they are enslaved and captive.
This tends to keep up their resistance,
bolster their courage so they will continue to
be a thorn in the side of the Communist
regime.
Mr. WARREN. Dr. Dobria,nsky, you said
something a few moments ago that inter-
ested me in reminding us of the supposed
cleavage between China and Societ Russia.
Would you call the people of China, first of
all, captives?
Dr. DOBRIANSKY. Yes; and it is so indicated
in the resolution.
Mr. WARREN. All right
Dr. DOBRIANSKY. Mainland China, mind
you.
Mr. WARREN. Then do you suppose that
your resolution would enable those captives
In mainland China to be hopeful of some
help in the future?
Dr. DOBRIANSKY. That depends. It is one
thing to have a resolution; another thing to
observe a Captive Nations Week which is
provided by the resolutibn; it is a third
thing?and we are hopeful of this?to begin
to recognize, as Mr. MCNAMARA well stated
here, that the captive nations in the aggre-
gate are really one of our greatest deterrents
against the outbreak of a hot war.
If we are interested in preserving peace;
that is, no hot global outbreak, then we
should be vitally interested in all of these
captive nations, including those on mainland
China.
This is what I meant when I said that this
whole issue is significantly affected by a very
important strategic factor in connection with
American security and also in connection
with our desire to maintain the peace.
Mr. WARREN. What would be the next
natural step?
Dr. DOBRIANSKY. The next natural step
would be to set up our cold war apparatus,
and this doesn't mean leading us into a hot
war; on the contrary, it means we will be
Implementing the intent and the purpose of
this particular resolution to prevent a hot
global war and to win the cold war.
We are finally becoming more realistic with
regard to the cold war advances of the Rus-
sian totalitarians and the very nature of
the cold war being waged by Moscow.
I ask you, "Must we always be subjected to
shock treatments?" For example, an erup-
tion occurs in the Middle East. Many of our
leaders are shocked. Observers there knew
what was transpiring right along. I am not
suggesting that the problem of Arab na-
tionalism is nonexistent, but also there is
the problem of sinister Russian infiltration.
The same thing in Cuba. The same thing in
Japan. I would add also the same thing in
San Francisco with the House Un-American
Activities Committee. When we face these
events, immediately people, as though babes
In the wood, including Senators, Congress-
men, and others, express their shock.
There is nothing to be shocked about.
You have had a whole series of these, and
there will be more. Instead of depending
upon shock treatments it is about time we
realized fully the nature of this cold war
process and proceded to build up that kind
of apparatus to cope with it.
There has been a host of proposals, well-
rooted proposals, realistic proposals, along
this line.
Mr. WARREN. We only have a few seconds
remaining. Would you again tell us the
dates of the upcoming Captive Nations
Week?
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Approved For Re)q
p/ovvy. Captive Nations Week
Xear will be held and observed during
3y.p4,of Ally 17-23, and in many major
local conunittees have been set up to
rye Vats week.
!AlleXPT. gentlemen, thank you very
pijour partic'pation in this discus-
' WS...Reaction to Captive Na-
" Tin participants, Donald L.
ler. eclair pjPXesdona Facts, chairman
the Witel)tngton Captive Nations Week;
AO,14_,Wlainara, executive member of
AMeriCan...Conference To Combat
glh.lnunleM And ineinber_of the staff of the
House Un-American ACtivities Committee:
Iv E. DObriansk,y, originator and au-
cl,t, the Captive Nations Week resolu-
on and chairman of the national commit-
ee organizing the _observance.
Peaker, a meaningful and know-
ing belief in the individuality of freedom
does not permit a restriction of freedom
to some nations, as, for example, the
so-called satellites in Central Europe,
tad its exclusion as concerns others, as,
for example, the More numerous captive
noil4tussian nations in the U.S.S.R. like
Vkraine, Lithuania, Turkestan, Armenia,
White Ruthenia, Lavia, and others.
The resolution is founded on this belief.
F/V111 the overall viewpoint of propa-
ganda and psycho-political war, Moscow
displayed its fear of any intensive Amer-
..tee4 concern with the freedom of these
captive non7Russimi nations, in the pri-
mary -sphere of its farflung empire,
lagnelY the Soviet lJniOn itself. The
COncept of captive non-Russian nations
irtPae "r?.T.S,S.R. is anathema to it be-
c8t its proper development and elab-
rtipn would produce an entirely dif-
torpt and ,accurate image of the Soviet
Union it). world .opinion. We have yet
to develop this concept, this new dimen-
Wen and begin to take long strides in
OverWhelming Moscow's psycho-political
offensive which necessarily has always
keen, 14 chief mode of attack, In this
rekard? Mr. Speaker, it is noteworthy
that the ecljtor of the New York Times
itresA this ,very essential ?point in their
Auqust 8 editorial, titled "The New Im-
perialism." At this point I request that
this illuminating editorial be made part
of my remarks. In addition, I wish to
Introduce also an article on "The Myth
of Oovigt Unity" which appeared in the
-5a4Y Issue of the Sign magazine. This
article ,explains in detail the new im-
perialism referred to by the Times
editor:
[Froni the New York Times, Aug. 8, 19601
THE NNW INIPERIALISNE
if,the possibilities were not so grave, there
would ,ha Much for the world to laugh at in
MoSCOw's posturing over both Cuba and the
Congo. In both these situations the Soviet
Union is trying to appear before humanity
as the great enemy of imperialism, the
friend of.oppressed peoples everywhere. The
sad truth, apparent to anyone with an
elementary knowledge of Soviet history, is
that the Soviet Union is today the last re-
maining great imperialist state, the only
colonial power which today rules more con-
quered territory and more Subject peoples
than It did a quarter of a century ago.
Wiles). Americana think of the captive na-
tions, their thoughts normally turn first to
the Countries of Eastern Europe upon which
Conununist dictatorship was imposed by
the Rey. Army a decade and a half ago. Of
the Eastern European nations, only Yugo-
slavia today can claim to be truly inde-
tIA?
P91-00965R000300110067-3
1-10U5
pendent and sovereign, having survived al-
most a decade of Stalinist political, eco-
nomic and subversive warfare aimed at
turning It into a satellite. The bitterness
of the Hungarian people at their enslave-
ment broke out fiercely in the revolution
less that 4 years ago, a revolution
drowned in blood by Soviet troops. The real
feelings of the Polish people were expressed
a year ago by the tremendous ovation Vice
President Nixow received when he visited
Warsaw, but the Gomulka regime has to
conduct itself in cognizance of the reality
of Soviet military forces on either side of
Poland.
But if the Eastern European satellites are
still allowed to keep the trappings of out-
ward sovereignty, the same cannot be said of
thc, non-Russian peoples in the Soviet
Union. Twenty years ago the independence
of the Baltic States?Estonia, Lithuania and
Latvia?was extinguished by acts of crude
aggression. Red Army invasion of those
states was followed by farcical elections
which ended those nations' freedom, though
not their love of liberty.
The list of other nations imprisoned in
the Soviet Union is long. The Ukra.nia,ns
are today one of the advanced peoples of
Europe, yet Kiev is a mere provincial capi-
tal ruled from Moscow. In the Transcau-
casus, the Georgians, Armenians and Azer-
baidzhanis have known freedom in their
history, but know it no longer. In Central
Asia the Kazakhs, the Uzbeks, the Kirghiz,
the Turkrnens, the Tadjiks and other smaller
peoples are denied independence and liberty.
If Moscow really were an enemy of im-
perialism it would give liberty to the non-
Russian peoples now subject to its will. But
in this era when the former Western colonial
powers have been and are rapidly making
their former colonies sovereign nations, there
Is no evidence of a similar trend in Mos-
cow's empire. Rather the witch hunt
against true patriots among the Soviet sub-
ject peoples goes on unbeasingly, as does
the campaign to Russify these peoples, their
cultures and their histories. On the issue
of imperialism, therefore, Moscow stands at
the bar of world opinion with blood and
dirt on her own hands.
[From the Sign, May 19601
THE MYTH Or SOVIET UNITY
(By Lev Dobriansky)
Propaganda is the Russian Communists'
most important weapon in the cold war.
Out of a strange mixture of truths, half-
truths, and bald lies, they have cunningly
devised an amazing system of deception.
Chief among their deceits is the myth of
Soviet unity.
This myth is kept alive only as long as
we remain ignorant of the facts. It is high
time we exploded the Myth with knowledge
of the truth.
What Americans do not know about Rus?
sia came to light painfully last July when a
joint resolution, unanimously passed by
Congress, called for the observance of Cap-
tive Nations Week. Now Public Law 86-90,
this congressional act is the first official rec-
ognition which our Government has made of
the existence of non-Russian nations within
the Soviet Union.
The act of Congress mentions many cap-
tive nations without and within the U.S.S.R.
borders. Deceived by Russian propaganda,
Americans had long thought of captive na-
tions only in terms of the satellites in East-
ern and Central Europe.
When the resolution was made public, re-
porters, commentators, and the public in-
quired, "Where is White Ruthenia? Where
is Cossackia?" Many admitted that they had
never heard of /del-Ural or Azerbaijan or
even Turkestan. Meanwhile, a number of
writers and analysts continued along their
merry but blind way to apply this act of
August 25
Congress solely to those minority captive na-
tions in central Europe.
Those who investigated the situation were
astonished to discover that there are more
captive nations within the U.S.S.R. than
there are without. They were surprised to
learn that the people of those captive na-
tions within the Soviet borders outnumber
all the Russians combined.
When the joint resolution was passed, few
Americans appreciated this fact. But
Khrushchev did. Knowing the implications
of President Eisenhower's proclamation of
Captive Nations Week, he exploded.
Khrushchev was aroused because he wants
to hide from the free world the fact that
Russia, although a political giant, is a giant
with clay feet?a giant whose framework is
made up of many different strands.
We must understand some important dis-
tinctions between tribes, nations, states,
voluntary federations, and tyrannically con-
structed empires.
The state, it should be noted, is simply
the political aspect of the nation. Some-
times you have several nations voluntarily
existing in one state, as in Switzerland.
Again, you may have one nation being ruled,
in separate parts, by two governments, as in
Ireland. Again, many nations, against their
will, may be politically and tyrannically
controlled by one superimposed government,
as in the Soviet Union.
After World War I, the present captive na-
tions within the U.S.S.R. were newly inde-
pendent states. In the collapsing Russian
Empire, after World War I, Lithuania,
Georgia, Armenia, and other non-Russian
nations declared their political Independ-
ence. They were free of Czarist control.
Furthermore, they had no mind to submit
to Communist control from Moscow. They
established themselves as free democratic
republics. Ukraine and Georgia were even
recognized as separate states by Lenin's
Soviet Russia.
We remember well the tragic fate that
overtook independent Lithuania, Poland,
Hungary, and others in the forties. But
what most of us forget is that similar
tragedies befell Georgia, the Ukraine, White
Ruthenia, and others in the early twen-
ties. Trotsky's Red Russian Army had
picked them off one by one after softening
them up by infiltration, subversion, propa-
ganda, etc.
By 1923, following the first wave of Red
Russian imperialism, these non-Russian na-
tions were forced into the spurious federa-
tion called the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics. Because of their large popula-
tions and their natural resources, these non-
Russian nations formed the base for Mos-
cow's further imperialist thrust into central
Europe. Currently they form the base for
Russian colonial designs in the Middle East,
Asia, and Africa.
Yet?and here is a basic point which
Americans must grasp?these non-Russian
nations within the U.S.S.R. have not pas-
sively accepted the Soviet yoke. Each
decade since the twenties has seen serious
friction, resistance, even open rebellion scald
the hand of their Moscow masters.
This struggle continues. Not a month
goes by that Moscow does not launch a
fresh attack against this nationalistic trend.
Indeed, this opposition to Moscow pressured
Stalin to bid for the inclusion of Ukraine
and Byelorussia as original members of the
United Nations. From time to time Moscow
finds it expedient to pretend that the non-
Russian republics are independent. Amend-
ments to the U.S.S.R. constitution provide
for these republics to have their own war
ministries and to enter into direct diplo-
matic relations with other states. Moscow
clearly does not underestimate the reality
of these restless nations.
In December 1957 Khrushchev addressed
the Supreme Soviet in Ukraine. He referred
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.1960 . c_ONGRESSIMAL___RKORD.:77-11QUag.
? to
4kliCtl.,4?;'?Antir- IM114',. irgolTiffh6
. 11it
Ti; iniangHtnet: he,:.,,,,
1 :the ,r,,,,geniiiiie
?nat., naligi9..L,p,ierk the TriiiiOry
? "S'pirit a cairip Dairkt" ? sageilts'in Munich
094,10,?1130.1krain1an nati.?tila
er Befatillandera, and, uridef the econolnie
clfitlfgepf7oliiiitairy 'reietti.e-frieliTs',4trirlieli;.
e4P.X., tO RiAtt,141Lerig, in eeri ng _the :Wile:thin: -
of 4441,49y-TrYffrgiti/,
Asia and Tt...c L.,yea,
.11i06.6444.7446:457,1Clito. -.die .
Soviet INTuJXR .44eient peoples With
loug_ histories and periods of nat ?nal free-
d-Oro, " Ukraine IteA 0: Mi1liOn?peopie; the
biggeit nOri-Russian. natiOn:; _Within - the
Al...6.$.4. - The three Oi1t1.0.,11.949P.:1. la1.44*
ff , million; White Ruthenia .,.(Byelorussia),
18;0
million; Georgia, 4 thillion; Armenia, 1.8
; million; .414erliai1an, 3.7 Millii?rit randTurke-
? stun, purposely divided by -Moscow into five
iePhblics, (1Cazakh,-Taili,hik-, kligiiii,-ThikL '
n1,64; ITibek), 22.9 million. And to these
sonic), 10 .01,40.4t4r*-.:1114,-.ati2naffy 'co-;
' solo3,4,5, Cos,8aolllocateiLakwe 0.,0 4akusAts,
and about .15; lign Mosiguns?eniiqe4trutegl
in the sIde.1:17iil: (Volga-Ural) country, and
you Wind up with the si-zable figure of about
11.4,xc1ilion people. This figure Covers only
4. %1Mpact ethnic and national non-Russian
te. There pre naany small tribal Units
- bes eS.:.....Pie .1eitik1e.-.4uUll?er..91 million,
KrejAlin
propaganda concerning the eao-
' it- e progress a the 1,4.8:1t. Would fake on
E' '
a erent ep49;'7,4-,itl,k erOillijeCt4,i,Q, the
se : bang light of reality.
Ow* is Slinervising an uneasy con-
glomeration of many nations within the
; -btPTclore 0.3.4_ em,p.p.n. 44. Al;rcpt):00y4iiii
?T 0___#?0,0,1,..9,,,91008.,.244P140 it(U.MqicsA,
'
An ?95;94P11.7. qmPetoll.P#9,41-0.Y.,e cU,P4v Fe-
son,r?es,?csaimAy be compared with k free.
riENonal , epunowy "Miiii.'t 'ITif . 'the ,ieTieireleS
Within' :bii.q 1.1,8,8.4. 4i4...co.il'cinfrpAct In non-
4usslan rims's: !grieitlture in Ukraine, Thr.
Ice:stall, and., Georgia; coal; in 'Ukraine and
Turkestan; oil in Azerbaijan and /del-Ural;
. , 90, percent orihe manganele in ,georkia, and
Otraine; iron Ore., In . the. 70a-Uea,-suis arid
. Mr r,P4P-O, ... T.14.TISr.,,, :three times, the cern.-
knitect size Pk Br atp? Rranc,:e ..and _gel:many,
$1194.0 adoO1ints, or ,41564t lialf,-"the' .copper,
lea..d., Zinc output, and is also rich in bauxite
, ancl,A1Vir.
, g,;evlet ,propaganda; concerning the military
Might a the U.S.S.R. Also acquires a differ-
ent::ahade .:Ofjneining When confronted With
facVf p9rty7three .percent Of the armed
lix
fOretTi),o:t.t4g 7....U.F.i4,,s,ti 405:::.Amiala4:-... tY,C11.,
spa Irn]. ely_Russian defections, this is
'mod significant. As for potential Ukrainian,
Rt180an, ariA -other ofectioiia, Hungary has
. ftirnjsed. the nst recent example of what
mat happen. ,
' Despite their inner wenkitesses, the //us,
siam4, ,41We not only manufactured a myth
of witty ,and invincible strength but they
liayp.inanagi'd to have, the myth accepted
? by America. tive Myth has been swallowed
. 7 nOt cinly by the public but by newsmen, com-
mentators, _columnietS,.. and political leaders
? 14 high levels of government,. ?A few,. e4-
samiles:. ? '
_The New york Times, October. .21, 1958:
"Cardinal Agagianian is Russian by birth,
'having been born pear Thus:" This ,Stnte-
nieti irria4e.aeit 8111.0.AelTie. as assert-.
lug that 'Cardinal D'41ton is English by
birth, having been born in the i3ritish Em-
pire." Cardinal D'Alton is Irial and Gardi-
nal?Agagianian is Armenian.
? Returning frcirn a visit to the U.S.S.R.,
,Attl fiteV vgeste "Pasala
1 and vivid contrpats?", 1;4
hi_yGovernors Report on the
SoV,Ot Visit_Wag iSsued. ?fleferring to the
truited States and the 11'?,SeS,4., the report
stated; "Ways must be devised for the peo-
Pe of these two major nations to understand
sach oth gym ipeaking. to
various peoples within his Empire, would not
go so far as to cal the U.S.S.R. a nation.
We would expect the 'U.S. Office of Educa-
tion wonld be correctly informed. Yet, in
Ad OA ximion's Report on Education in the
? Soviet Union, we read: "The one fe..et that
most impressed Us in the U.S.S.R. was the
extent to which the nation is committed to
education as a means Aati,Puel. ad.Y.fatee-
meat." Actqally, our Government still _rec-
ognizes the free Governments of Latvia,
Lithuania, and Estonia.
I can almost hear my readers complaining
that I am indulging in semantics. But this
is not merely semantics. Senator JOHN F.
lEgiINEDY.Would resent it_very much if people
kept calling him RICHARD M. NIXON and vice
versa. ? Everyone likes to retain his own iden-
tity, his own background, character, and in-
tentions. So do peoples and nations.
The cold war today is being waged bas-
ically
oonf the propaganda the
level.nydr7nary tarHgeers Thisminds
has always been Russia's empire-building
mode of attack. But Moscow's lies will
eventually smash themselves against the
hard reality of truth. Truth makes men
free and we can begin to triumph over im-
perialist ? Russian totalitarianism once we
replace: our misconceptions of Russia with
knowle,dge :of the truth. The captive na-
tions resolution was a start. It is tragic that
Moscow knows this better than we.
THE IDEAS OF _CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
The millions of Americans who ob-
served Captive Nations Week did so not
Out of any superficial sentiment for the
oppressed and occupied nations? but by
reason a Dertain buic consictions con-
cerning the overriding issue of the totali-
tarian imperialism and democratic na-
tional freedom. The first of these con-
victions refers to the nature of the con-
flict. The chief struggle is not in the
nuclear, militaik, or economic field as
spa}, but rather in the overall, totalistic
propaganda and psychopolitical area
which embraces the products of the other
individual fields. Recent events in
Tokyo, Italy, Cuba, and elsewhere should
bring home to us the methodical tech-
niques of political abrasion that no
amount of armament could deal with.
The main arena is ideas and the ultimate
weapon is man.
Observing Captive Nations Week, our
citizens expressed a second important
conviction. And that is that the only
way to prevent a hot global war is to win
the psychological cold war by the prime
Ideology of all the captive nations. As
Winstpn Churchill once put it, "If you
will not fight for the right when you can
easily win without bloodshed, you may
have to fight when there is no hope of
victory because it is better to perish than
to live as slaves." Of all the existing
challenges before us, the prime and really
only mortal challenge to our national
existence is Moscow's imperialist chal-
lenge.
The third conviction is that our Dec-
laration of Independence, wisely exter-
nalized and made applicable to all peo-
ple and nations, provides the moral and
political truths?as well as unsurpassable
national purposes?for us to cage the
bear. Many of us are simply unaware of
the powerful ideologic- weapons we have
In our possession, but these weapons
have yet to be skillfully and effectively
used.
16449
,
Is the height of irony that Moscow
cynically exploits the principle of nat-
ural self-determination and independ-
ence in Africa, Asia, and Latin America,
whereas we, the natural bearers of this
principle, fear to apply it in the one area
which is m.,,okt_cync4E1,1 to IA _any _type
of war, lint or cold. - the area of the
Soviet Union itself. Pertinent to this
- aspect is an address that was delivered
over the Manion Network under the title
- "We Must Declare for Independence of
Captive Nations." I include it as part
of my remarks here:
Ws Mum. ?. PmpTvE w
Asis r94n5-licZEPZIYAELIVE OF
DEAN MAN/ON. Emmerson once wrote that
"nature is an endless combination and repe-
tition of a very few laws." Upon these de-
pendable "laws of nature and of nature's
God" the national independence of the
United States was launched 184 years ago
this week.
? Just as nature wisely repeats its inflexible
elementary laws, this program has repe-
titiously stressed the all important historic
consequence of those same basic principles,
namely, the sovereign independence of these
United States.
The ringing declaration of these laws of
nature, which made us a free independent
? Nation in 1776, needs endless reiteration
now, an ominious time, certainly, when the
laws of God and nature are being flouted in
the satanic communist conquest of all man-
kind.
We now need to remember that the sacred
principles that made us free can keep us
free and, in the process, defeat communism
and liberate the world.
This truth is the rationale of the captive
nations resolution which Congress passed
last year, and of our Captive Nations Week
observance which a national committee of
prominent Americans is now organized to
promote.
? I have the distinguished chairman of that
? committee with me at this microphone now.
Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky is professor of eco-
nomics at Georgetown University, and he is
also a great .champion of human liberty.
Dr. Dobriansky, I want to take this occasion
to thank you publicly for the leading part
you played in the conception and adoption
of the congressional captive nations resolu-
. tion. It is a pleasure to welcome you to the
narilen Forum. _
Dr. DoserAxsicy. Thank you, Dean Manion.
Tomorrow we Americans, throughout this
land and also abroad, will be celebrating
the independence of our Nation.
To all patriotic citizens this sacred day
symbolizes, under God, our national free-
dom, the untampered will of a sovereign
people, our firm determination to meet any
enemy Who would attempt to destroy our
hard-won independence.
It symbolizes, too, the spiritual and moral
power of our great tradition, the liberal in-
stitutions of this country, and the warm
humanism of its laws.
Friends, I am not sounding any super or
ultrapatriotic note when I emphasize that
our spirit of independence is at once our
past, our present, and our future. Different
peoples throughout the world see the mean-
ing and essence of this Nation more objec-
tively and even more appreciatively than
many of us do.
The European writer, It. L.,Bruchberger, in
his remarkable book, "Image of America,"
rightly maintains that the religiously in-
spired perennial principles and tenets in our
Declaration of Independence belong today
not only to the American people but to all
the peoples and nations of the world, par-
ticularly those in Moscow's farflung totali-
tarian empire.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE
foioPher, Jacques :Maritain, in his opportunities We hive to defeat this menade
eirection6 on America," views the in the cold war and thus stave off a hot
y in:anent Of this Nation as a unique
unprecedented historical phenomenon
this talk about American ma-
is no more than a curtain of silly
keiander."'"
pfX,:hililt on the free and creative
es of people-drawn froth every quarter
iie lobe, Is -a Unique historical expert-
experiment of man-
-Hatton is a living revolution
inoveg 'the' hearth and' minds of free-
?M.:aspiring-0641es' every-Where; again, ,
par-
ticularly those inCaPtive Eurasia.
In the full, perspective or the history of
-Mankind, We, as a united, prosperous, and
,peaceful .People, have withall humility every
:15c_proud of our unique develop-
and rich tradition.
Our-iociety, to be sure, is not perfect.
by -all eVidence, it is unquestionably
one_ that 'has ;given so much in so 'many
'wales to so many within a short span in the
biitOry of- man. It is one which has made
this: ,Nation, most powerful, exemplary, and
respected everywhere.
contrary to aortae false -notions, we do
possess an ideology which inspires our con-
tinted growth as a morally -leading nation
and reniariably equips us to Contend sue-
, ,
cessfully with the present threat of im-
perialist Red totalitarianism.
SidERICA 2DEntOET DE Ht ATTE DISTIRCT
Tills- ideology "is plainly' and precisely
sPelled out in Our Declesatlian Of indepen-
derice and the Bill of Rights.- Normal
Amerleari citig,ens;, like, YOU and myself,
know the principles of free-do-in- enshrined
tcheae hieforic documents and the,pui-
? poSea' they ndeesiii0 iingy for' the con:-
tinued growth and leadership of our Nation.
, Alm ir this cnuntry seerii-tO think Other-
Wise. It ia,a Sad COnimerita,ry on the --faith
-
t -thcs fpw hays In the streithand
global war.
The way, I believe, was demonstrated last
year with the passage by the Congress of the
Captive Nations Week Resolution. What
this resolution, now Public Law 86-90, calls
for is, in essence, a universalized Declaration
Of Independence.
For the first time, our Government rec-
ognized the fundamental fact that the Soviet
Union itself is an empire, in which the ma-
jority of people constitute captive non-
Russian nations. In addition to the three
captive non-Russian Baltic nations, there
are White Ruthenia, Ukraine, Georgia, Ar-
menia, Azerbaijan, Cossackia, Idel-Ural, and
Turkestan?held captive and occupied by
foreign Moscow.
Following World I, each of these?as did
Poland, Finland, and others?broke away
from Russian imperial rule, only to be re-
conquered one by one on the divide-and-
conquer principle. Without these economi-
cally rich non-Russian colonies in the Soviet
Union, Russia, with less than half of the
population of the Soviet Union, would be
only a second-rate power.
When Congress passed this resolution last
July, you will recall that Khrushchev reacted
violently and fearfully. He persistently
sought to reassure Vice President Nucor; that
they were no captives in the U.S.S.R.
Unfortunately, in our country the greater
part of our press was puzzled and bewildered
by this development; in fact, many for the
first time learned that there are nations like
Turkestan and Cossackia in the U.S.S.R.
? KFIR17SHCFIEV FEARS INTERNAL AWAKENING
Now, why did Khrushchev react with such
Verbal violence against this resolution? Our
Government spoke often in the past about
the few captive nations in Central Europe?
the so-called satellites?and, yet, no such
reaction was produced.
vision Orthelmel?ican people, less inthe The answer lies in the fact that there is
Poa
?_,..* 01:$*4/dt-tee 4..;., y., believe that b
twnheePeurpcmiodseesitwhearefibuil:eproourve iluit';';;IfnyaolsuePrttuirliPg?6eusi::
ti?'" Where the
torobirefect b and ohieatIva- or supplant
PbliAe ' Y ?ur own rieelarati N
? nee. '
LC64:1;14,s:rndePendence rlav:it Is9nofInde-
grmlitutdaiclii,Lal ristepruricurlscitpole?fieemetboildwi; ad,arteihclie vitally im-
atIK in:::::::::
- tile' whole'ar :s/.'eaP0fis 'il,11 n 'Lle ?decla,-
bovaticale_wleilarrair of ne,?*.t esiles, luniks,
ft:111e aa tv eenn t:iihxibitoelunc:.turapIerennoni:31:lss4e-ao?19:117colirvnisaIlizrttleid--
ePtncaPnot
Merits and mea 1,i'y nature
4PPlication ep;111t1;i4fant at -this time
natiOnp,i' and e _me is the
other_ natio.? individual i Prfneiges of
the hid *te and peoples, 'or,
to
ci.U61 1 ng ' ' ror not
a to th,,.,application of ..-th__,.. Only is
of our Ile 'further growth and principles
at ion, but if rs and develop-
mentalso indii
Pen-
a serious colonial problem within the Soviet
Union, which Moscow calls "bourgeois na-
tionalism"; and if this is dragged out into
the spotlight of world attention and opinion,
the proper characterization of Russian Mos-
cow-as the last major colonial and imperial-
ist power in the world would be devastating
to its propaganda and cold war efforts.
Khrushchev well understood this and ranted
against the resolution months after; we re-
mained puzzled and bewildered, and muffed
0-fir ? Opportunity.
Our opportunity, I am convinced, will
come once We realize the following:
1. That the Soiriet -Union is an empire in
Itself, holding in bondage the majority of the
Captive nations in the Red totalitarian world.
2. That the issues of colonialism and im-
perialism within the Soviet Union are prime
targets for our national concern.
3. That the chief type of warfare Mos-
cow?and, before it, St. Petersburg?wages
Is propaganda- warfare, one that we must
able to the 9xistquee and, ?survival, of the equal and surpass.
rrolitotalitarian free world,' 4. That the cold war will be as permanent
:,. mat 9, mOving and poWerful force our as - the colonial imperium maintained 'by
Declaration of Independence was pn the IVIoscow from the Danube to the Pacific.
VrtriO4$ nations which wero? subjugated in 5. That the universalization of our own
the _empires of the last century and a half. Declaration of Independence is the appro-
.-, Nations in tl??e Russian, Austro-Hungarian, priate and most formidable weapon in this
and ?Ottornan ,empires soon rose at the be- ' type of war. Initiative, positive action,
,
ginning of this century to declare their in- imaginative ideas can be ours with these
,depen dice with a will to pursue an inde- new dimensions of thought.
pendent national existence similar to ours.
? But, in significant part, this was short' lived
as tha, W.ialie9ked surge of Russian tatAll-
? teriaji,iinperialism _since 1918 once again re-
cei;f the many non-Russian nations of
e,rn..gurope and Asia to servility.
way, we ourselves are geriously threat-
? this barbaric peril. Worst of all, in
our confiisionLgerierated in great degree by
tilie,4pnipgcicpp.py9paga.n!;la skill of the en-
emy, we aren1 even aware of the enormous
The recent events in Paris, Japan, Cuba?
Indeed, in our own San Francisco?are not
shocking to those who understand Mos-
cow's traditional techniques. It has built
an -Unprecedented empire by them.
These events should bring us back to the
realities of the main struggle, for which, we
are unhappily poorly prepared. Toward this
end, citizens throughout the country have
-formed in Washington the National Captive
Nations Week Committee. In accordance
August 25
with Public Law 86-90, the committee is
stimulating a nationwide observance of Cap-
tive Nations Week beginning July 17.
We earnestly hope you will join in this
observance. The independence we enjoy,
and will celebrate tomorrow, can only be
preserved if we begin to translate it for all
of the captive nations, both within and out-
side the Soviet Union, 2 weeks hence.
Don't be fooled by the slogan "coexistence
or codestruction"; the real alternative is a
policy of emancipation, beating Moscow at
its cold war propaganda game. This we can
do with hitherto unused weapons of truth;
and year by year we can truly find ourselves
deserving to rejoice as a free Nation in
1976, the 200th anniversary of our Declara-
tion of Independece.
In addition to these convictions, Mr.
Speaker, the recent countrywide observ-
ances of Captive Nations Week expressed
also an important view regezding alleged
Soviet unity. It holds that the myth of
Soviet unity and power must be exploded
so that the entire world may see what the
Soviet Union really is?a loosely knitted
quilt of captive nations where economic
colonialism and political imperialism are
rampant. Not only in the interest of
truth but also in behalf of our stakes
in the cold war we should be doing this.
Instead of abetting this myth with such
misleading concepts as Soviet nation,
the Soviet people, and the Soviets, we
should be stressing the empire nature of
the U.S.S.R.?really the last imperial
and colonial center in the world. It
requires little reflection to see how this
valid conception alters our other falla-
cious notions about Soviet military pow-
er, the Soviet economy, and the like.
Mr. Speaker, we can have no hope of
successfully competing with Moscow in
the main struggle of ideas, argument,
and propaganda, until we correct our
own misunderstandings.
By tradition and principle our overall
policy cannot but be one of independence
aimed at all the captive nations, which
necessarily includes those in the Soviet
Union. This would be not only in our
strategic interest, not only in the in-
terest of the freedom aspirations of all
the captive nations, but it would also
best aid the approximately 96 million
Russian people to attain their independ-
ence from centuries-long authoritarian
rule. When asked about the Captive
Nations Week resolution last year, the
President rightly stated:
The United States would never believe
and never accept the idea that a true peace
had been established in the world until
every single nation had the right to express
Its own views about its own destiny.
It makes little rational sense to hail
the new States of Africa which have far
less national sinews of historical con-
tinuity, geographical contiguity, religion,
customs, language, mores, law, common
experiences of war and peace, laws,
heroes, and arts than the majority cap-
tive non-Russian nations in the U.S.S.R.,
and to overlook these nations which are
situated at the very base of the enemy of
the free world.
THE NArroNA.t. cArrivs NATIONS COMIXTTEE
In accordance with Public Law 86-90
our private citizens established the Na-
tional Captive Nations Committee, under
the chairmanship of Dr. Ley E. Dobrian-
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sky professor at ocorgetown umversty,'
arvitgregfetitrire'dfrettorship of Thomas
CcifinOr. th1reb-iiirriillee-151anned and
suecessfiilly stiliaurafecr MO 'observances
of Captive Nations Week this past July.
As early as last January, Df.DObriansky
Called for ? pthate aotion in an ad-
dress. .011.Ve'red to the IND Women's
Forum traPiriarSeciiiity. Because of
the peftirierit??nt Of this address, I
ineltia it as ,ParViif fay remarks at this
point:
jusrIcs' A*11 TiOtnalitt vOr PEACE AND
(Address by Dr. Len. bohrienaley, Professor
of economics, Georgetown University "fee-
Ulty .nietriber, 'National 'War College, 1957-
613, before the 1960 Women's Forum on
. National Security, 'Rotel StatIer-Hilton,
liashfngton, Jan. 30, 1990)
LsAes Of 'America, yotir fellow citizens can-
not praige Yea' foci lilghlg Tor convening an-
tingly in this vital forum to deal with prob-
lems of :alp flatlbnhI security. This year, far
Uwe than in. teifOus Yeari, the forumis
properly charged WIth i-ecinaciousness of
urgency and solemn decision as we face the
mothentous and determining events of this
ew dee?aae. Itis l&hPrIvilege and pleas-
ittp for pie t6licChalyge-With7Ybii Certain basic
thoughts Onlieabe wiEfilionor-at "the very
beginning '6f this 'decade- of decision.
Hypotheffeellir (and it couldn't be other-
We) if /thrush-Cher- were etanding here this
tharfilrig, he forced to eat the words
he. tiftered' in the -Spirit of Camp David 2
inOntlis o.ginifaking paat dictators, he
claimed that-the 'Weff-is hit by old age.
(Interview 'gatah?galetn, -Reuters,
Cairo, 'IroSeinloCr -10, 1959.) He illustrated
his point by quoting Tolstoy: "When I was
Inibig; Was Strong with women, but now I
,feel porn and bitterness?I have a great de-
sire for them but I have no strength."
"This," opines the -saliguine, "is ex-
Actly the West's attitude." It is obvious that
ofie Of the inahl"fundamental subjects he
failed, to learn 'Ming his triumphant Cold
urar,Vislt fibre is the full power of an Amer-
ican *Oman'. Vat' boundless pavier is- re-
flected here. And' ft Is this power, diversely
generated in the ISnctity- Of the American
home, that provides the inspirational drive,
the intuitive it1oh,'the Oontage-afid will,
the principled faehTi16i-w1lich ii?to Sfiaji&
the soul of America. Poor Nikita Bergcyevieh,
he will never "underatafid'Eliat-beliind-Ainer-
ican thrones' Ads' the p Ovier of Ameriba,n
women. -
*asp txtigts Vrarr ? -
The Unique feminine ca.pacity 'for Placing
first things first, /or praniiing under the
guidande of fixed Principle arid toward well-
defined ends; is a 'facility by which the so-
called intr1cacte ? inteiriational relations
could-be easily unraveled. A Study' orfor-;
eign affairs and they impinge on our
national security 'demands the exercise of
not only the riiinctbut also the heart. Our
gestures, our - aptieals, Whether executed
through economic, Military,' diplomatic, Or
other means, are ifece'ssarily directed at both
the minds and hearts Of -peoples' elsewhere.
The success or failure of these efforta de;.
pends Primer* on what We stand' for, h.:5W
?WeIl end passionately we articulate it, and
why we are deterririned by 'common' will to
Uphold and 'advance that for Which we
realltexist.-13ania-ally, no matter from what
Ogle Iiiteifpraiition, The security of our
Nati6ii-i inextireably Tired' up With this
what how, and w1y.
?
Pepe with honor has no meaning' without
the _principles, aperationia-inbans, Mid-Ob-
jective ends that are respectively irriplied-hy
our What, how, and why.' Peace With honor
Orr*, a ;price by these' three aeterini-
natnie; ItPrealtidei peace at any -
price. The very formidability of our mili-
tary defense structure is also founded on
the what, the how, and the. why. Billions
of dollars worth of the finest military equip-
ment could easily become a heap of junk if
the national will to fight were successfully
sapped by Moscow's cold war maneuvers.
The, being of our Nation?what the United
Slates is, means, and symbolizes for people
everywhere?subsists in the what of our
principles, the how of our methods, and the
why of our certitude, will, and vision.
Peace With liofior is only another way of ex-
pressing this national being.
aeltC/t AND VREEVOici FOE rnacr AND
rafranswn%
Let us examine first the what?the prin-
ciples by which our Nation has become, the
most powerful on earth. Derived from our
rich Judeo-Christian heritage and natural
law, the moral and political principles of
intrinsic personal dignity, equality before
the law, individual liberty, private opportu-
nity and enterprise, communal welfare, and
national self-determination have formed the
very foundation of the great tradition which
is America. These principles are enshrined
in our Declaration of Independence, the
Constitution, and our Bill of Rights which
in whatever age?the machine, the atomic,
or space?have steadily mirrored the hopes
and aspirations of peoples and nations
throughout the world. These documents
spell out a living and expanding revolution
which affects peoples and nations not only
in Africa and Asia but also within the Soviet
Union itself. Freely blessed for self-criti-
cism, we are the first to say that in the
perennial light of these principles, many of
our institutions require improvement, re-
construction, and change; but this is no
reason for us to shy from the prodigious
truth that our society stands in a contrast
of day to night to the totalitarian jungle
of Moscow's empire. ?
Those who today are virtually uttering
"I'd rather be Red than dead," had no
faith in these principles or in themselves
before sputnik, no less after. But since the
launching of the sputnik and, with it,
Khrushchev's- concentrated cold war cam-
paign against the United States, many
strange voices have been raised in this coun-
try. Their number and their depth attest
to the effectiveness of Russian cold war
propaganda. Without even knowing it,
many have become efficient, costless tools of
this propaganda. Worse still, in addition to
the many other gaps thrown at us daily, they
give witness to the basic intellectual and
spiritual gap found in many quarters 'of our
society. Their rantings about coexistence
or co-destruction, accommodation or war,
evolution as opposed to revolution, disarm
or perish, and other catchworded themes are
not even poised on logic, not to say active,
directing principles. Often among these
fear mongers, the conception of self-preser-
vation is a crudely physical one and their
_exhortations amount to an open invitation
to national rape.
Ideologically, our firm bent as a nation
can only be along the path of justice and
freedom for peace and friendship. Given
our time-honored principles, our tested
rules of national conduct, logically it could
not be otherwise. Khrushchev's offer of
peace and friendship is as spurious as his
issue of capitalism versus socialism. Yet it
Is amazing how many in this country un-
critically permitted their thoughts to slide
into these contrived conceptual slots. As
with Hitler, the overriding issue with Khru-
shchev and his puppets_ is freedom and
slavery. One imperialist system was smash-
ed, another surges forth to threaten our
national existence. Peace and friendship are
the 'effects, the consequents, of justice and
?
?
freedom, neetheir 'cause.
advance and establishment of justice and
freedom can the harmonization of relation-
ships into normal concourse be attained to
'weld the true bonds of peace and friendship
among nations as well as between individ-
uals and groups. As in the case of his
predecessors of many centuries, for Khru-
shchev the slogan of peace and friendship is
only an instrument of calculated deception.
Its logic rests only in the complacency,
doubt, confusion, and naivete it can breed
in the camp of the targeted non-Russian
victim.
By simple analysis, justice and freedom for
Nate and friendship is the essence of peace
with honor. It logically places first things
first, it clearly transports the reality of our
national being, and it demandingly calls for
activity in thought and deed toward the
creative growth of a free world environment.
It suggests a more active agency for our
thoughts and behavior than does the passive
guideline of peace and friendship in free-
dom. Unending stress upon justice and free-
dom for peace and friendship alone can pro-
vide us, like the trained fighter, with maxi-
mum flexibility of action and maneuver
against the already compromised opponent.
Less than this means our own compromise
and thus our curtailed flexibility.
THE corm WAR GAs.
Now let us 'turn to the how?the means,
ways, methods by which we articulate, trans-
late, and objectify the .what. The efficacy
of our methods?the how?depends on how
well we understand and perceive the object
against whom they are forged and employed.
This involves our own conception of the cold
war, our knowledge and understanding of
the Soviet Union, and our awareness of the
primacy of propaganda in the cold war ar-
senal of imperial Moscow.
We are barraged nowadays by unbalanced
complaints about the missile gap, the big
baster gap, the narrowing economic gap, and
a host of other subsidiary gaps. This frenzy
is doubtlessly to the keen delight of Khru-
shchev. For the past 2 years his masterful
propaganda machinery has so well utilized
old Potemkin Village tactics in connection
with costly and pointedly concentrated
scientific, technologic, economic, military,
and cultural projects that acute political
neurosis has burst out in many sectors of our
society. This was calculated to aid him
immensely on the primary politico-psycho-
logical front and at the bargaining table on
the diplomatic stage. The psychological
treasures of Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy,
and others are paying off vastly more than
anything Marx was able to produce. Without
casting self-reflections, one is almost in-
clined to say, "It takes a Slav to know a
Here, too, it is amazing that in all this
dither about gaps, the truly most essential
gap?the gap that will determine whether
we'll plunge disadvantageously into a hot
war or face, in moral surrender, a cold war
defeat?is scarcely mentioned. The cold
war gap, rather than any other gap, has
accounted for freedom's tremendous losses
these past two decades. Just bear in mind
that the tides of freedom even receded when
the other gaps were nonexistent. "From
Atomic Monopoly and Air Supremacy to
the Fear of Annihilation" might not be a
pretty caption in the book of some future
historian, but it cannot be denied that no
nation in modern history has lost so much
in so short a time as ours. Even during
World War II we failed to understand our
hot war ally who bore also the face of our
cold war enemy. In the present, we witness
the strange spectacle of our USIA Director
indicating, in effect, himself and the Agency
by trying to rationalize that the sputnik
precipitated a worldwide belief in the scien-
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ogieal superiority of the
UilltAkl?...$tates. By
eJkaal AWACS... ,SliP -
to 'be superior to Geber.a.l. Mcrtona by
t agPIOring_the Rambler field.
Way to eliminate war," said
?.44.,?vear, "is the gaining of
-.0m14111.4., *all over the world,"?
ttment,along ,gives one an insight
tke,.;194We. At, tiAa...9914 _war. Q11 every
MerttAqapow,ia ,faxerishly pursuing its
of world domination Willle_at the sa,me
-e,Pfoieseing efforts aimed at a lessening
Woildcensions, This_ cold. war maneuver
?elren.?SnOcced? in?generating the Ulu-
? of 9? cold war_ cessattion ge,re, ,Tlie plain
t i t1 activity is a necessary
ant c tie Russian imperialist system
tarian .4.1 r
1.1CtUe. -02). =oiler
it has always been. In the same way
? i?eilb;41..atioil. thg
Or a g 11311,4P..s.lici,extensiVe?.11beraliZation of
100nditiOna . IVIoscoves empire would seal
? t4f, 4waltss? Of this ?empire, so the cessation
?? "l;ci _War operations would dry up its
O? tivagrig forces of being. In short, the
901cl ViraZ a basic, r3,59t1Ve.:Orce for the
fieeessary expansionism of Mospow.'s empire
thout which its internal totalitarkanism
have no justification for existence.
eve_ntually, we are not to be cornered
into rnakbag the drastic, or better, disas-
trous choloe between a hot War at Consider-
able disadvantage or humiliating cold war
ender, it is indispensable for us now to
ce ,up to the cold' war gap, to grasp the
aclitional Russian .0010, War Methods., to
"Wish an elAcleirk cold _war apparatus,
a*d tO pose our own freedom challenges to
Moscow.. Those who Counter that this
Might lead:to shot war, not only hide from
fr/40 rea1-410 Of the _Celd War but also, in
their- thinking, Wind up with the reductio
ad ahstirchnn, of thiS -.disastrous choice, In
loilitarY condit1on ef Mutual cleterrenee,
e weight of net advantage naturally fa-
Valit the, ,One better eciPAPPed to wage the
COld war. With. the cold war, gap, this ad-
3rantake la Moscow's. Missiles, boosters, and
"eVidenCeS- Of the other gaps have no place
, in SO-Called Intensive revolutions sparked
off bY patient subversion, infiltration, black-
Mall, and ether devices, Asia, the Middle
Eat, Africa, South America, and even in
Cuba,, Unless one Is so far gone with haunt-
Jig hallucinations of pushbutton coannihi-
lation, a skillfully executed cold war opera-
Con14even balance off, with much to
'are, the effects of the other gaps. After
, man Will always be the _ultimate
_Weap011) dna freedom-an:4ring men and na-
tiOnS in Moscow's empire are yet our most
l'orrnidahle weapon.
have riefiyieci the cad War as a twilight
dOolditiOn of neither peace nor hot war
Where all the basic elernents of a hot war?
predatory design, aggressive strategy, tac-
-Wet and techniques?are present, except for
p en Military combat between states. But
e Cold' war, as waged by Moscow, is also a
lanned,process leading to victorious results
D. time, This is why it is an illusion to
Speak of peace while t.bie process is going on
relentlessly and with, increasing Russian
? Odnildence and arrogance. The prevalence
Of-peace, thus, is measured not Only by the
absene. of .4 ,p.ot war but also ,by the ab-
Settee"of a;_eplcl war anckall that it entrails. ,
'Situation in the cold war gap today
eininaces hath a supreme paradox and an
iMpOsing irony. The supreme paradox is
? that, while we fear to Meet the demands of
the :cold war because it might lead to a hot
'War lVfoscow shows no Sear of a hot war
resUlting from its intense cold war opera-
tions. , The -imposing irony is that in any
hot War ws. wouldn't think twice about es-
tablishing a politico-psychological appara-
tUs which is the same that Is desperately
needed in the present cold war. For rea-
sons of survival, if not national goals of
000300110067-3
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expanded freedom, the cold war gap must
be closed. Foreign economic aid, military
alliances, and our own adequate Military
Establishment .cannot in themselves cope
With Moscow's cold war operationt.
Of Course, the present Russian totalitarians
possess the wealth of centuries of experience
in cold war methods and techniques. From
the 16th century on, their predecessors built
an unprecedented empire with these self-
same techniques of subversion, infiltration,
conspiracy, blackmail, and divide and
conquer. There isn't a century for which
cases cannot be given of the skillful use of
these methods. Lenin learned these from
the history of the empire, not from Marx or
Engels. Being a true Leninist, Khrushchev
exploits the fake philosophy of communism
as a cold war instrument in the same way
that the previous czars manipulated the
equally fake philosophies of Russian Ortho-
dox supremacy and pan-Slavicism. Also true
to tradition, he bellows noninterference as
concerns free interest in his captives just as
his forebears had done in connection with
their enslaved nations. Interference, in the
Russian view, is only a one-way street out-
side the empire. The czars were also masters
in instigating anti-Jewish agitation to dis-
credit legitimate movements and institu-
tions: Czar Nikita shows equal mastery in
dipping into the sewers of prejudice to ac-
complish similar ends.
These and more are not just academic his-
torical parallels. The past lives very much
in the present. Khrushchev himself attests
to this. Only last month, in Budapest, he
compared himself with Czar Nicholas I who
helped put down the Hungarian Revolution
in 1848. Had we been prepared for the
glorious opportunity provided by the Hun-
garian Revolution of 1956?and without in-
volving our own forces?he wouldn't have
had this chance to compare himself with a
previous czar. Khrushchev today is playing
a triadic role: like Nicholas, he is seeking
Western consent and acquiescence toward his
empire; like Lenin, he is advancing the ideas
of nationalism, anticolonialism, and anti-
imperialism in Asia and Africa; like Stalin, he
is holding Arm to the totalitarian reins, ac-
complishing even more adroitly police state
measures which Stalin handled crudely.
Khrushchev may have this wealth of ex-
perience in cold war operations, but we have
to our enormous advantage the most fertile
field for cold war_application. To make use
of this field in the interest of our own free-
dom, as well as others, necessitates the over-
coming of a serious intellectual gap in our
knowledge and understanding of the Soviet
THE INTELLECTUAL GAP RE U.S.S.R.
When I authored the Captive Nations
Week resolution last year, little did I antici-
pate that its able sponsorship and passage
in our Congress would provoke Khrushchev
to think that this intellectual gap in our
country has been spontaneously closed. His
actions showed that he fears this deeply, and
with good reason. Once this gap is filled,
in our eyes and the eyes of the free world,
Russia will dwindle to proper size. Russian
propaganda, which exaggerates the Potem-
kin Village achievements of science, tech-
nology, economics, and education in the
U.S.S.R? would suffer irreparable losses.
Our added knowledge, understanding, and
perception of the Soviet Union, if skillfully
used, could render Moscow indefinitely in-
secure within the Soviet Union itself. They
would eliminate, too, many of our baseless
fears.
It is not a stroke of superpatriotic rhetoric
to declare that, on the basis of projected
current trends, easily within the next 50
years no nation could be compared in total
power and capability with the United States.
The Soviet Union, factually and historically,
Is nat a, nation. In. addition to Russia and
August 25
Its approximately 96 million people, the
Soviet Union consists of many non-Russian
nations which, significantly, make up the
majority of captive nations in the entire
Red Empire. One of them, Ukraine, with
its 40 million people, is the largest non-
Russian nation behind the Iron Curtain.
Moscow has its internal satellites as well as
Its external ones. If the external ones, like
Poland and Hungary, are deemed unreliable
for Moscow's global purposes, the record of
the past 38 years shows that the internal
satellites, like Ukraine and Turkestan, are
equally unreliable. Without the rich cap-
tive resources of these internal satellites,
Russia would be a power no greater than an
integrated Germany. Most of us are even
unaware of the fact that about 35 million
Moslems, many with strong ties with Turkey
and Pakistan, are held captive in this pri-
mary empire of Moscow.
Give some thought to these fundamental
facts and what they signify. These facts
are expressed in the captive nations resolu-
tion and Khrushchev recognized well their
significance and their portent. Unfortu-
nately, many of us still don't. Our eco-
nomic and military comparisons are drawn
on the basis of false and misleading con-
cepts and definitions. There is no more a
gross national product in the Soviet Union
than there is a gross global product here. A
gross imperial product, with phonetic em-
phasis upon the gip, is truer to fact. We
approach a far more accurate and different
picture of relative economic strength by
only comparing the total output of Mos-
cow's entire empire, which includes main-
land China, with that of the free world al-
liances. The difference is staggering. Com-
paring the United States, which is a Nation,
with the Soviet Union, which is an empire
of many subjugated nations, cannot suit
Moscow's propaganda mill better. It con-
ceals all the facts of economic colonialism
Within the U.S.S.R. itself.
For the same basic reasons, our military
comparisons are askewed. If we deem the
armed forces of the external satellites as
being unreliable for Moscow, there are firm
grounds for a similar evaluation of the
armed forces in the U.S.S.R. About 45 per-
cent of these forces consist of captive non-
Russians, and these, by basic policy, are
largely dispersed from their respective home-
lands in this substrate empire. Our mem-
ories are short, and our perspective are nar-
row. Only in the past World War, millions
of these non-Russians deserted to take up
arms against Moscow. In the Hungarian rev-
olution, Ukrainians, Russians, and others
joined with the Hungarian patriots. In Na-
poleonic times, Alexander I threatened Eu-
rope with his armed might; before World
War I, Czar Nicholas II scared Europe with
the steamroller, his imperial armed forces;
and now Czar Nikita engages in nuclear
blackmail. In three major wars in this cen-
tury, the multinational forces controlled by
Moscow disintegrated early in the deadly
game. On the basis of these facts and more,
one can understand why at the end of the
recent 2-day session of the Supreme Soviet,
the delegates were whisked away to see a per-
formance of Tolstoy's "War and Peace."
Their self-assuring theme song was that "no
conqueror will ever again march through
Moscow." Contrary to popular myth, both
Napoleon and Hitler were defeated not by
the empire's forces but by the emptiness of
their ideologies. Both had nothing but con-
tinued slavery to offer to the Russians and
non-Russian nations in Moscow's empire.
We, of course, seek to conquer no one. But
we richly possess an ideology which empha-
sizes that freedom is indivisible. And in the
permanent cold war it is the deadliest
weapon against Moscow's totalitarian em-
pire, the Soviet Union. Terms like "the
Soviets," "the Soviet people," "the Soviet na-
tion," or Russia aS an equivalent for U.S.S.R.
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4re '1,111a1 lag regarding
this 1?,,a ?Ampire, _This Jag is shown, too, by
the tt Ulat 4Q.141P.Mirt.our..Qeverament is
th.ere.any contigAgys_study made of the sen-
sitivejelati2124.10.16Weatt,./1493COW and its in-
ternaLsatellitegt,,,Qur ?ignorance along this
fX1aciegkeiAal?line.ls appalling. We're like a
footbaj,)? team ?lacing an opponent without
the advantage of a scout's briefing on his
basic weaknospa, You wouldn't believe it,
but 2, years 929 .an obtuse attempt was
made to Alnilitate the ...non-Russian
-1Anguages beamed by our Voice of America
to the, U.S.S.R. ,WhAnka.,t0 A few aiert Con-
gressiten,. the peoples there were spared
listening to our programs in the language
of their Ruseign captor,
VVII1 FOR FREED=
0VS,. finally, the why of Our position on
peace WitlihonOr, the,
and know-how
are nage witlionahe human will to enforce
thern. Our will for freedom, is not just an
en:talon; it is a certitude, a vision with a
?rational outlook. On the basis of our prin-
ciples and the capabilities set by our know-
how, this ivill works, creatively to mould that
'WOrld order allowing for the free and maxi-
mum fruition Of individtlal and, national
pOtent alities. Our conception of world
order, based on rights and law, is the very
negation of Moscow's colonial and imperial-
ist totalitarianism, This will for freedom
creates, not just preserves; it moves forward,
not just rests; it is determined to see things
through on the time-honored principle that
the best defense is. the offense. We are SO
' growth-conscious today about our economy,
foreign trade, the underdeveloped countries,
space loration and other fields: the One
area wd should be most growth-conscious
about is the sta,te of world freedom,
in this eventful year, you and your or-
ganizations can do much to further this will
for, freedom: .
Tlip, year 1960 is a Lincolnian year, the
Centennial of a Presidency whose immortal
wortis on the impossibility of half free and
half slave Applies on a global basis today.
'Th e-year 1976 will be the .200th anniversary
Of Our ,DeciaratiOn, of Independence for
'Which we plionld. prepare with clean con-
hearts, Illetead of long-
sCiences and
Mil economic, plans, let us initiate 111 the
spirit of our living revolution a 16-year free-
dom plan for spiritual rededication and a
polltico-psychological force that ,would stir
the hearts and minds of people throughout
the world'
4. ti9p than anything else, Khrushchev
wants ont acquiescence and coneent to the
permanent captivity of the over 20 nations in
his vast empire. His sputniks, lunicks, and
Mieennteke are all diversionary means for
attaining. this crucial objective. Unless we
are bent upon suicide, this we could never
allow tohappen. In terrnQ of our principles,
not to say national strategy, such an accom-
Inodation is unthinkable. Your organiza-
tions can give full expression to this by
preparing now for the first anniversary of
Captive Nations Week this July;
3, The record shows thatall recent sum-
mits have resulted. In gravd disadvantages
for us. Two years of clever propaganda by
MOSCOW has sucked us into another summit
and perhaps a series of diversionary talk-
tests. Even now Khrushchev is reviving
pressure on West Berlin. You and I can
urge our President that the summit agenda
include the basic issues of the captive na-
tions and ?an integrated Germany and that
our stand, on West Berlin, which is only the
tail of theee issues, be firm and uncompro-
Mising. Before long we shall learn that the
only self-respecting way to treat a totali-
tarian Russian is by firmness and confident
resolve;
4. To close the serious cold war gap, your
organizations can help immensely in thie
by supporting the Important bills in Con-
7
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tifs?ftSf5k, LIOUSE
gress (HR. 3880 and S. 1689) proposing the
creation of a Freedom Commission and a
Freedom Academy; and
5. We are constantly told tq learn about
and understand other peoples and nations.
By all means. From the viewpoint of our
own national security, I believe you will
agree that a working knowledge and under-
standing of the many non-Russian nations
In the U.S.S.R. ranks high in priority. You
can develop this important interest which
basically is in the interest of our own na-
tional security.
, By doing what you believe in is the true
exercise of the will for freedom. Our will
for freedom is the backbone of the will to
..reedOni ainong the enslaved. This will is at
the core of peace with honor. This will is
ably represented by you.
Mr. Speaker, along with many other
Members of Congress, it has been my
happy privilege to become an honorary
member of this committee. This na-
tional committee of over 250 prominent
Americans represents every major sphere
of our society?labor, management, edu-
cation, the press, fraternals, the enter-
tainment world. The committee's prep-
arations for Captive Nations Week were
extensive and impressive. It stimulated
the formation of local committees in
about 50 major communities throughout
the country.
It is not possible for me here to present
all the evidences of this preparation, but
the following selected items are sufficient
to give an indication of the work of this
committee. I include at this point the
pryers Printed in the colorful brochure,
"Captive Nations Week, July 17-23,
4.069," prepared and distributed in tens of
thousands of copies. Dr. Alexis Carrel, a
famous scientist, once said:
The most powerful form of energy that
one can generate is prayer. Only In prayer
do we achieve that complete and harmonious
assembly of body, mind, and spirit, which
gives the frail human need its unshakable
strength.
. ? - ?
Khrushchev scoffs at this because he
fears it. Through such energy the com-
mittee released a letter to the President
prior to the summit; statements on "The
Summit Debacle" and "Nekulturniy
Khrushchev," and on the eve of the ob-
-servance letters to our newspaper organs,
which also I include as part of my re-
marks:
PRAYERS FOR CAPTIVE NATIONS
0, Lord, the Blessed One, through Thy
blessings and Thy unique compaesions, suc-
cor all the human beings who are suffering
under the oppression of the tyrannic and
brutal acts of imperialist totalitarianism.
May they have the opportunity to enjoy
their freedom and liberty, for they were
equally created: may we, with courage and
strength, always work to magnify this
opportunity. (Prepared May 1960 by Geshe
Wangyal, graduate of Buddhist Seminary,
Tibet.)
Our Father God, Author of liberty, grate-
ful for our own freedom we lift our prayer
for the millions of God-fearing people?Thy
children, who look up to Thee crying "how
long, 0 Lord, how long," even as they are
bound with the chords of a temporary
tyranny.
In this desperate hour when the world's
hope for a brighter tomorrow is so largely
committed to our frail hands, strengthen
us En Thy name to challenge all evil forces
which deal in fetters of the body and mind
and which seek to degrade human person-
ality'.
,416153
Without ceasing we would rememberlthe
captive nations in their cruel bondage?
proud peoples with their precious traditions
stamped into the dust while alien Caesars
exercise their ruthless sway over them.
Above all the tumult and shouting of these
volcanic days we hear the summons of Thy
voice as in centuries past. "Let my people
go."
May we play our full part in the restora-
tion of human rights everywhere. May no
denial of human freedom by thote who
would crush the liberties of others con-
taminate our souls with the blight of ex-
pediency. Strengthen us with Thy might
that the arrogant boasts of entrenched
tyranny may but put steel into our purpose
to break their grip upon the governments
and lives they now enslave.
We thank Thee for the inner shrine in
human hearts which no dictator can dese-
crate, and where blaze the candles of faith
which no iron fists can snuff out.
Give us to see that to acquiesce in the
crucifixion of freedom anywhere is ultimately
to nail our own liberty on the same cross,
knowing that with what measure we mete,
it shall be measured to us again.
We ask it in the Name of the Redeemer
Who came to proclaim liberty to the captives
and deliverance to those who are bound.
Amen. (Prepared May 1960 by Dr. Frederick
Brown Harris, Chaplain, U.S. Senate.)
O Almight Creator, who has endowed every
human being with the power of free choice,
hear the cries of Thy children from whom
this precious birthright has been stolen. In
this day when whole nations groan under the
yoke of godless oppression, let those count-
less martyrs who have willingly shed their
blood for Thee give testimony of their desire
for the blessings of liberty.
O God of our Fathers, once Thy Chosen
People begged Thee for deliverance from cap-
tivity in the Land of Egypt, and Thou didst
take pity on them. Show forth Thy power
today and lead from bondage the millions of
Thy people enslaved by men who revile Thy
very name.
O God of Wisdom, whose beloved Son has
said, "You shall know the truth, and the
truth shall make you free," let the light of
Thy divine truth penetrate the hearts of
those who hate and persecute Thy people.
Only Thy truth can bring that peace which
the human race has ever sought?not merely
the absence of armed conflict, but peace
based on justice and freedom for every hu-
man creature.
0 God of Mercy, regard not our unworthi-
ness, for we do not pray for ourselves?but
for the unkown millions who are suffering
in silence for love of Thee. For their sake,
0 Lord, we earnestly beg Thee to hasten the
coming of Thy reign of peace. Amen. (Pre-
pared May 1960 by Rt. Rev. Msgr. John B.
Roeder, vice chancellor, archdiocese of
Washington. D.C.)
0 Thou who are the peace of the world:
Save our generation from the terror that
cometh by night and the arrow that Meth
by day; from the pestilence that walketh in
darkness and its destruction that wasteth
at noonday:
O Thou who hest led us across the Red
Seas and the wilderness of the yesteryears
in a vision of a divine covenant; quicken that
vision in our minds so that with renewed
faith we shall be its living witness and in-
spire free men toward a rebirth of freedom
to face the promise of a new age:
O Thou who hast been our refuge and
our fortress through the ages, our altar of
devotion, light our lives with Thy sacred fire
and our hearts with Thy flame so that with
strength of spirit and courage of purpose we
will strive toward a world bringing Thy light
and Thy peace unto the children of men.
Bless Thou the men who raise the stand-
ards of Thy law in our own time; the men
Who are not neutral in time of evil nor turn
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOU
"their face when the wicked would barter the
-birthright of freedom fox' a Mesa Of red pot-
tage; the Men. Who Would rise to new sacri-
fice so that the captives will be freed and
,the age of a free church iti a free state shall
atarie fOr all Thy children:
? CTU1,Cte us' and guard us and lead us for-
-ward so that through our labors in this
Moment of history we Shall be the witness
- of thy cOVeriarit and the time will: soon
? come When the world shall be filled with the
knOw141ge Of a righteous God even as the
waters' cover the seas. (Prepared May 1960
'by' Dr. Neiman Geistenfeld, rabbi, Washing-
tion, D.C.,' congregation.)
. 't 14.14v 12, 1960.
e Prtrisnami," .
h white House,
DC.
?p(ka:,!iii.-ParsipEriT: On the eve of your
,departure t-or the -s-unithit meeting in Paris,
I Wien t-& take this opportunity to express
,tfieeriereerittal: Idea whiah binds the rapidly
gnowing inexiibershipi of this national com-
lt,itto,,narixelY that in the light of our tra-
?digons ittid-bur Moral leadership among the
flohtothlitarf an nations -of the free world it
-is ,nnthitiliable-that'we should fail to press
-the' fnndiniental issue 'of the ' captive na-
.gons=thdie, 'within ai well as those out-
'Side tha-SOVierthiiiin?isa Para/MUM sub-
, Sect of dieeusgrin. Indeed; the U-2
.lzwident ?arid "Moscow's distorting propa-
r gam& abilSe' 91 it neceSsitate' that at long
'lest We 'face the reality of all the captive
_ ttationi,1 hcit' Itist the 'Minority of them in
Central Riirope.
:In ace-OA-with the written intent of Pub-
LaW?80- enaCted last" Year, this corn-
tte?sa natural responie -to the 'reasoned
tOirifctio7 and jUdgments of countless
-14er'ican 'CitlZens prOperIy- View the
? 'captive &Along issue as a subject of cold
-9 c and national strategy, not just one of
Sbiltiment and humanitarian con-
,rii. The-Surging'; nationwide support for
Ptive'llatfolis Week 'observance is impres-
, sive evidence that the rank and file of the
AMerioari People 'of whole
abhorrence the
Vlayery Staina of whole nations, the result
1)/10,ScoWre iiiiperiailst totalitarianism. Our
-Axnetlean ,p6oPle, thahk God,- are not re-
'400,610 TO the Captivity of -millions by Red
tAtalltarran rants, no'r do Vo -regard this
Et:15.their permanent condition. We thus urge
6, 'Mr. -iresident, to expressly convey at
%the Suthiriit both the spirit and the con-
tents of the captive nations resolution
'COngresa Paged -last year.
OeVerOPirients of the past 3 years, high-
-lighted by eptitnicks and other basically di-
-VerSionary rtussian performances, cannot but
eause
ds to'here the apt words of
, gar/ Mar?words which still are unquot-
, abIe-in ithrushchev's supposedly relaxed ext.-
pire: -
--.74.ey`Will have learned before that the
idea of At/isle/1 diplomatic supremacy owes
effiCiency th the Imbecility and the ti-
dItY-otthe Western-natiOns, and that the
heli# intusaia's superior 'military power is
deInsion. There is only one
-Way'to deal with a power like Russia, and
Is thelearless Way."
Applied to the 'etirient scene, this is
doulatIeseiy,a strong statement and, in part,
tOgierteted. But when -one faces the pare-
nlaint tset that, in this past century, of
alf the Major colonial empires the Russian
Me Was' het enly " able to survive but also,
behind 'the legalistic' 'mask of the U.S.S.R.,
11010 e'Ven -threatens the secluity of the non-
tOtalitarlan World, the aptness of the state-
4311ellt 6o7uld scarcely be denied. It is most
Significant that this Observation was tnade
during' 'the the feign of Czar Nicholas I with
Whom Ithrushehev now openly compares
-1/1mseTf(ii witneed hielludapest address last
6:serh.b.0.: With se-Crecy and espionage in
:tile,ait,pday, we earl all profit by reading
-
the illuminating chapter on "The Secret Life
of Russia" in Marquis de Custine's classic
"Journey for Our Time," a work written in
the days of Khrushchev's present model and
about whom the author says: "when I gaze
upon this personage, unique in the world,
from Close at hand, I believe his head has
two faces, like that of Janus" (p. 215).
The cold war techniques of Khrushchev
who has clearly earned the imperial title of
Nikita the Surly, are essentially those of
Nicholas I, the former and equally arrogant
gendarme of Europe. Nuclear blackmail
threats, exercises in Potemkin Village eco-
nomics, and many other stratagems have
their substantial precedents in the history
of Russian empire building, written by the
blood of both the oppressed Russian and
non-Russian peoples. The peace-at-no-price
attitude shown by Moscow toward the sum-
mit indicates in itself the manner by which
it seeks to exploit this given opportunity.
Its propaganda machine has even gone to
the length of attempting to compromise the
position of Western Germany by unjust at-
tacks upon Theodore Oberlaender, the
Refugee Minister of our ally, in whose de-
fense scores of witnesses in this country
could be supplied. Its propaganda exploita-
tion of the U-2 incident, which may well
backfire, is more generally known. In short,
Moscow's carefully calculated game of bluff
and bluster has reaped for it another sum-
mit: its aim now is to exploit it fully.
It cannot be too strongly emphasized that
the irony of the current situation lies in
the overall fact that Moscow is able to ad-
vance diplomatically and propagandawise
though it is really operating from basic
weaknesses and multiformed necessity. Our
memories are short. All evidence shows that
at the time of the Hungarian Revolution the
Red totalitarian empire was in grave trouble.
Surely the passage of 4 years has not erased
the inherent weaknesses in the structure of
this far-flung empire. Plainly, a ruler secure
in his empire would certainly not erupt as
Khrushchev had upon the passage of the
Captive Nations Week resolution last year.
Out of necessity and the need for time to
consolidate, Moscow is clearly pressing for
Western accommodation to its empire under
the spurious label of "peaceful coexistence,"
along with the hope that its calculated
propaganda of bluff and bluster may twist
any indication of Western timidity into real
concessions.
Unleashing Marx at Khrushchev, our
actions should be completely guided by the
historical truth that "there is only one way
to deal with a power like Russia, and that is
the fearless way." Disarmament, nuclear
test bans, the misnomered topic of East-
West relations, involving trade and cultural
exchange, are in reality secondary issues.
Khrushchev's overriding objective Is free
world assent and acquiescence to his empire.
His emphasis upon disarmament and other
subsidiary issues is designed to deflect our
attention from the basic issue. The omis-
sion of this subject in summit discussion
will certainly be propagandistically exploited
in the empire to mislead the captives that
the free world's interest in them has waned.
This committee,- therefore, strongly urges
that our Government seize every opportu-
nity to insist upon this crucial subject as a
major point of summit discussion. Failure
to do so would be, in effect, an accommoda-
tion to Moscow's empire and a victory for
Khrushchev, far surpassing anything his un-
reliable multinational military forces could
achieve. We would be bolstering the secu-
rity of his totalitarian, colonial system and
undermining one of our most powerful
deterrents against overt totalitarian aggres-
sion and a hot war, namely, the captive na-
tions both within and outside the Soviet
Union. The very implication of an assent
to the status quo would make mockery of
the Captive Nations Week resolution and also
of the proclamation issued by you, Mr. Presi-
dent, last year. In terms of bargaining posi-
tion, the captive nations are of. enormous
and strategic value to the security of the
nontotalitarian world. Any rationalization
to the effect that this fundamental subject
might be discussed later in a possible series
of summits would not mitigate some of the
above effects.
This summit is truly a ripe occasion for
the expression of our initiative, diplomatic
offensive, and asserted knowledgeability as
concerns Moscow's empe, which includes
the Soviet Union itself. At every point we
could express these qualities and place
Moscow on a retreating defensive. The U-2
incident has revived the open skies plan and
the need for breaking through the Iron Cur-
tain. We could also point out that most of
the territory flown over by the plane is cap-
tive non-Russian and forthrightly bring into
question the legitimacy of Moscow's argu-
ment on international law. A law which in
truth and history is not founded upon the
inalienable rights of people is hardly one
commanding of dutiful observance. We
earnestly hope that after all that has been
sensationally revealed by this incident, our
Government will manifest at the summit
that power of fearless initiative without
which the unending challenge of Moscow's
imperialist totalitarianism cannot be met.
With God's many blessings upon your his-
toric venture and best wishes in our firm
policy of justice and freedom for peace and
friendship among all nations, Including
those in the Soviet Union, I am
Sincerely yours,
Law E. DOBRIANSKY,
Chairman.
THE SUMMIT DEBACLE: A LESSON AND AN
OPPORTUNITY
MAY 18, 1960.?The firm and honorable po-
sition taken by our President with regard to
Khrushchev's arrogant demands at the sum-
mit warrants the praise and admiration of
every American. The National Captive Na-
tions Week Committee, made up of citizens
dedicated to the spirit, principles, and con-
tent of the Captive Nations Week resolution,
proudly lauds the President's forthright re-
jection of the Red czar's ultimatum. The
President monumentalizes our stand of no
Munich with Moscow's totalitarians.
The collapse of this summit should at long
last signalize for all sober-thinking Ameri-
cans the basic need to face up to the realities
of the incessant cold war. Taking a leaf
from Russia's imperialist history, the cold
war will exist so long as captive non-Rus-
sian nations exist, both within and without
the Soviet Union, and the Russian people
themselves are kept in totalitarian bondage.
It is a pity that our President had to be sub-
jected to the indignities of an ill-bred leader
who in the captive world has the fixed repu-
tation as the "Hangman of Ukraine" and the
"Butcher of Budapest." But perhaps this
event will serve as a lesson to the many
naive elements in our country who pressed
these past 2 years for a deal with Red im-
perialist totalitarianism.
Khrushchev's insulting behavior was a cal-
culated past of the zigzag cold war game
played by Moscow, a game designed to un-
dermine the resistance of freemen. Con-
trary to obtuse statements that the cold war
will now be resumed, the stubborn fact is
that the summit itself was an instrument of
Moscow's cold war game. The cold war is
merely in a state of continuation. It is fer-
vently hoped that by this acid experience
we will now begin to recognize the dire need
for preparing and seizing the opportunities
open to us for victory in this protracted con-
flict. Moscow's brand of peaceful coexistence
or a hot war Is certainly not the only choice
before us.
The blustering Khrushchev statement on
the opening day more than confirms the
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tont our ineiribrandiim delivered- to
the. HoithThstwe?.Ef eigtrident' -
atidit need )ieli`aM &Mae-a' ak-e- thfialttasii
iii tIe elo'i?iince NOVernber
1951: first: Ile- pressuretrailf-;- then, - long
.befo4 .ths-?groaelreicTgleirtif.e.a-tr4' ificIdent,
he . 044:.tigaritlfr prsp-agarrdik-ed---E-gliiii-st- free
Worici,inte-i?At'S',, arid iioW he-15raZenlY- PtoSti-
'Cilia the btOns of interhatiOnal dtplomacy
iy hii design to humiliatethe spokesman
Qf $1);0 1p:4441g POWer in the nontotalitarian
free World,
. 6treseed theinOrarieluin- lask
WeekIthinglit'h'er_li-Opyliting-fiOnCa113asi-
tion pi wealtneSS, nOt one 'of strength. All
his bXnster, aliOuiliferY 156*er:retaliation,
spade: satellites and rocket's?Of Secondary
? and tertiary ' importance in thenieelVeS?
cannOt conceal the deep; inherent weakness
of his empire, whibh necessarily includes the
irurrieretisi Captive non-ltithaian nations in
the v Staterxient at the
Sununit is in reaflty a eta ement o self-
indidtinant. ?tt attains to the same summit
f. dfa,bolical fraudulence as his atheistic
-appeal to ctoa as his Witness: The entire
statement is ,girded to the spurious sover-
eignty' of the Sdiriet state; standards of inter-
natiO,nal law, and the loftyVrindiples Of the
United Nations 'c'fi,fter: eVeli: alludes to
the Soviet Union- as being a nation.
- The premise's of this 'State-Men-6 should not
go without challenge at this time. The Whole
itine-of the captiVe noix.Ru-ssian nations in
the is tied Up With- these premises.
Our diplomacy Ortruth should be purstifed to
ley be/ore the world the lull truth Of all the
4*V:ire nations. -On the basis Of historical
fact Old truth thlre ii no need:0 apologize
for the incident. 140,St of the territory
;flow Over, ne.niely Ttirkeslati.. is captive' xi-on-
ltilSsian territory anYwa,y.. Clearly,' in 'point
Of logic, if before the surrunit it was a
tastep..11 neCeisiti to -cOricinet aerial rec'on
taissance _ over this nTon-Ru-sititil territory
end, 2ie lrAbie of 'the territc34.'Or the
Yaks, it IS no leas now.-The-proinetlenaf ad
bp'en tocietY plan isonly another way of call-
ing for the emancipation of the captive na-
tions.. We slioul4 press for this now, With
pointed concentratibn on the captive na
t4ons: within the--SoViet Union. - We would
be .1411cling :Up further one of Our greatest
detegent's_agairist a ha -War and; With-truth
as Our weapon, defeating Moscow's cord War
challenge. Needless to say; _MoscOW could ill
r
6..for .0. .hot.,. was with a progressively in-
secure eMplre, frightened Moscow is by
this , prospect was plainly shown last July
-when the captive nations resolution was
passed. Its three major Wars in this century
clearly demonstrate that even improved Mili-
? tary technology -Cannot possibly overcome
the basic forces ofnatt-en0641 liurnan
? freedern, /it all three, its Military forces
cUsluegrated early.
'....glgusbchev ).is to compare himself with
the .equally arroant Czar Nicholas I, the
gendarrxie of Europe. onr time We can-
not but quote -again the mit fernarke 'Made
by It arl Mari in 'Nicliiiree-tirliei -"There is
only one. way to 401 with a: pokier like us
pia, and that is the fearless way:" A persist-
ent Canipaign of truth' about Moscow's ern-
pire?its econoniic colonialism, militaristic
nnperialism, and barbaric totalitarianism?
woad be enough to cage even a raving bear
Witho a club. .
Its
' =4. ?
Z3F4WST.W-F,-44;474401Y,! ,
4thipi;AOrt of '-einaiing tlt in all
the verbaljur?r -oVer incident and
? the ,,,surantAt,,. two fulidamentai facts are
.90 tetely ignored. Incleed, e, 'persistent
. over ght of these two basic and determin-
ln facts7 hardly: speaks Well for those who
afe. Mat' y4a1 on the Issue.
,41-1?0,ia it-?0471.W#0:17.-72:431-itrii
Capti3e- .iien-/ZusSian. tern-
Ory in t 46611166,11Y that of
'
Turkestan, as well as over a fringe of the area
occupied-by decentralist giberyake. Pioin
the Viewoints of geography, history, and
-demography, Russian territory as suCh was
not even involved in this incident. Unless we
-stibscribe to the notion of sovereignty based
on conquestand colonial domination by to-
talitarian Moscow (and many in this coun-
try unwarilY seem to); this essential fact
should forthrightly be put before the Ameri-
can people.
Curiously enough, when Congress passed
-the Captive Nations Week resolution last
year, it rightly manifested to the world its
solid understanding of the captive status of
Turkestan and parts of Siberia. If we are
truly dedicated to a diplomacy of truth,
the time is now to bring into full question
the fictitious sovereignty and hollow stand-
ards of international law which imperialist
Moscow exploits to conceal its more basic
empire from the world. ? An open debate
grounded in esseential fact and truth would
be most salutary at this time.
The second notable feet which eludes the
understanding of many in this country is
the full and open exposure of the Nekul-
turniy Khrushchev (the uncultured Khru-
shchev) at the summit. Note is taken, to be
sure, of his uncouth, boisterous and arro-
gant behavior, but 'these are only symptoms
of his essentially uncultured character.
It cannot be too strongly emphasized that
the effects of this exposure are felt in the
hearts and minds of the Russian intelli-
gentsia itself.
Khrushchev pretends to represent the
Soviet people. He, of course, does not rep-
resent the captive non-Russian nations and
peoples in the U.S.S.R. His reputation
trilong them is that of the hangman of the
Ukraine and the butcher of Hungary. But
also vitally important is the fact that Nekul-
turniy Khrushchev does not represent the
culture and intellectual attainments of the
Russian nation itself. Against the rich
background of Russian culture and civil-
ization the barbaric behavior of Nekul-
turniy Khrushchev at Paris is unquestion-
ably an ineradicable blot in the pages of
Russian history. Without doubt, this bar-
baric spectacle has brought nothing but dis-
gust and shame to the minds and hearts of
the present Russian intelligentsia.
Whereas the Russian intelligentsia can-
not express itself on this score, we as a free
people can do it for them. Khrushchev
Clearly established his reputation at Paris
as Nekulturniy Nikita. This appropriate
nomer, Nekulturniy (ne-kool-toor'ny) Ni-
kita or Khrushchev, deserves to be heard
throughout the nontotalitarian free world.
Its general use would provide that free ex-
pression to the disgust and nausea that now
dwells in the minds and hearts of cultured
Russians.
'
? A LETTER TO THE EDITOR
JULY 12,1960.
EDITOR,
Washington Post and Times Herald,
Washington, D.C.:
Captive Nations Week will be observed on
Slily 17-28. In accordance with Public Lew
8640, the National Captive Nations Week
Committee Was founded to prepare this ob-
servance. /xi most major cities, local coin-
mittees have been fon:tied to ,conduct the
aptlyities this significant observance.
view ,ef the world. clevgopments this
past year, the urgeneY Of recognizing the
strategic importance of all the ?captive na-
tions to '0.S. interests in the Cold war can-
not be too strongly emphasized. It will be
recalled that when Congress passed the Cap-
tive Nations Week resolutiOn last July, fol-
lowed by the President's proclamation,
xhrtisheti-eir-brOke
? into a Wild rage. There was :gOod, reason
for this violent reaction. The resolution
fiR000300110067-3
16455
for the first time struck at the tenuous
bases of IVIdecow's propaganda preteivions
and claims by which it seeks to deceive and
Influence minds throughout the free world.
Unfortunately, the meaning of the reso-
lution and Moscow's reaction to it were not
fully understood by some of our observers.
Your editorial then "Irritating the Bear,"
July 24, 1959, essentially held that we must
not confront the sprawling bear with the
club of truth. In the recent light of Paris,
Tokyo, Italy, Cuba, and elsewhere, we earn-
estly hope you and others will now under-
stand our position.
Our observance of Captive Nations Week
expresses these convictions: (1) That the
chief struggle is not in the nuclear and
military field but in the overall propaganda
and psycho-political; (2) that the only way
to prevent a hot global war is to win the
psychological cold war by the prime ideology
of the freedom of all the captive nations;
(3) that our Declaration of Independence,
wisely externalized, provides the moral and
political truths?as well as unsurpassable
national purposes?to cage the Bear; (4)
that the myth of Soviet unity and power
must be exploded so that the entire world
? may see what the Soviet Union really is, a
loosely knitted quilt of captive nations where
economic colonialism and political imperial-
ism are rampant; and (5) that by a firm and
unwavering policy of emancipation and in-
dependence aimed at all the captive nations,
Including those in the U.S.S.R., we can best
aid the Russian people to attain their in-
dependence from centuries of political bar-
barism.
Toward these ends and dynamic, program-
matic action, we urge (a) the establishment
of a permanent Congressional Committee on
Captive Nations, (b) the creation of an ex-
ecutive agency on the self-determination of
captive and occupied nations, (c) the insti-
tution of a freedom academy, and (d) the
adoption of a policy of emancipation and in-
dependence. We call for a 16-year freedom
plan, commencing with this anniversary
Lincolnian year of the Great Emancipator
and earning the honor of our being as the
nation of world freedom by 1976, the 200th
anniversary of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence.
In the year of one of Khrushchev's fa-
vorite predecessors, Marx wrote: "They will
have learned before that the idea of Rus-
sian diplomatic supremacy owes its efficiency
to the imbecility and the timidity of the
Western nations, and that the belief in Rus-
sia's superior military power is hardly less a
delusion. There is only one way to deal with
a power like Russia, and that is the fearless
way." We're not imbecile or timid, but some
are deluded and we have yet to take the
fearless way.
- LEV E. DOBRTANSKY,
Chairman, National Captive Nations
Week Committee and Author of
Captive Nations Week Resolution.
NATIONWIDE CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
OBSERVANCE ?
Mr. Speaker, due to the tireless efforts
of the National Captive Nations Commit-
tee and those of the many local commit-
tees, millions of Americans participated
in the 1960 observance of Captive Na-
tions Week. At my request, the com-
mittee has furnished me hundreds of
newspaper clippings reporting the activ-
ities of this nationwide observance.
Every' lection of the country is repre-
? sented. -Editorials and reports appeared
in the New York Times, the Chicago
Tribune, the New York Daily News, the
? Philadelphia Inquirer, the Daily Times of
Maine, the Saturday Democrat of Massa-
chtfsetts, the Sentinel of South Carolina,
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Approved For RV angtni ? itt-M31-096M0300110067-3
e Easter n Colorado Plainsmen, the Mg words, "There can be no true peace
Sacramento Union of California, and which involves acceptance of the status
quo
many othersarge an _from in which we find injustice to many nations
zOoSt every ate of the , al-
and repression of human beings on a gigantic
St Union.
-Mr. Speaker, to show the range and IcaAndle." what does all this have to do with
types of these reports on the oliservarice 'spires?" Everything. It is under the
- ??acti.VII166,.tlito_laghout the Nation, I pre- Church spires of America that there thun-
86* the following selected items which ders the emancipating words of the Father
I include as ?art of ply .remarks: ? ' God, to whom all souls belong and to whom
all souls are dear, "Let My people go."
[From the Washington Star, Jnii 24, 1.966] ' Every remembrance of the captive nations
SSISES OF 7F, SPIRIT?LET 141" PEOPLE, Go IS a prayer. their plight ought to be the
(By Dr. Frederick Brown liarris, Chaplain of subject of prayer in every temple of wor-
n, . !pi xn7
U;8. s.6e) * ship on the Sunday of the annual Captive
Nations Week.
The test of America's Vpasted freedom is We can imagine no more moving scene in
how .,much her 'freemen care for those who ' any church in America than the service
hast ir liberty. e lost the 'Fo revel only in
_ .? , at 11 a.m. on the dear Lord's blessed day
04'sIreedora, and to forget the fetters of of that week observed at St. liatrick's Cath-
ors, ' is a base betrayal of our own hen- olic Church in the Capital of free America.
: 'duck 'forgetfulness is an orninouS .r?
. , . resent were many whose ancestral roots are
rophecy that those who do net fight for - in the mations now enslaved. Many of
bprty, everywhere will finally lose their own, them had fled from the present tyranny.
There is iNbSOhitely no question more vital From the high white pulpit of that lovely
this, day Of besieging problems than the sanctuary Bishop Philip M. Hannan pro-
tide, of tbe, free nations toward the lands claimed the unvarnished truth in sermon
of_ Yis4la: 44,3.1414 has bound with the shackles ' and in prayer. His was indeed the voice of
America, and the voice of the Universal
? There is Mithing on which the conspirators . Church as to the altar of the Most High the
of the Xremlin are more adamant; 'than their shackled millions were lifted in the arms of
insistence _that , their imperialistic robberies Christian sympathy and intercession.
he recognized and the status of satellite na- In such an. hour of worship in any church
tions be accepted as final. That assumption ' we are reminded of the final judgment test
tia definite part of their strategy to commu- of the Master who came preaching release
tizerThe whQ,le earth, TileY have the efinni" for the captives as He asks the piercing
417 to suggest to the free world that they - question, "When I was in prison did you
Itgre6 to coexistence with those who are using come unto Me?"
every foul force to stamp out the fire of free- In the spirit of that moving service in St.
dora in lancf,s ,once free bnt now_ under ,the Patrick's, let us pray?Our Father God,
Soviet's savage sway. author of liberty, without ceasing we would
p-w greatest imperialists of the age so dis- remember the captive nations in their cruel
enlInt-the Intelligence of the 'human race bondage?proud peoples with their precious
_ and SO ,dietort the facts that they nOw charge traditions stamped into the dust while alien
the ,very RepUblie which gave Cuba its free- Caesars exercise their ruthless sway over
dinil with plating its enslavement." The them. Above all the tumult and shouting of
EyStem with Millions of slaves in its iron
,_ these volcanic days we hear Thy summons,
Imo 10 the held threaten i to "free" ' Cuba. c , even as in centuries past, "Let My people
:big lie be stretched to bigger proportions? ' go." Give us to see that to acquiesce in the
?w_It, is an appeal to the' laest instincts of crucifixion of freedom anywhere is ulti-
Amerlea Which sounds in 'the 'cill of Con- mately to nail our liberty on the same cross,
gress arid' of the President for a specific ' knowing that with what measure we mete, it
vosk, of reinejillering the captive nation:s shall be measured to us again. We ask it in
whose anguished -cry, "I-tow long, 0 Lord, the Name of the Redeemer who came to pro-
how lone" Must never be drowned by the claim liberty to the captives and deliverance
glorification of our own freedem. Notiiing to those who are bound. Amen.
which- he heard in our free land aroused.
the ire of the .Crude and cruel 'Peasant who [From the Washington Star, Aug. 7, 1960]
ogaiids at ,the 19P of the -Soviet- p-ireinfd of
COMMENDS DR. HARRIS
rute strength as much as any reference to
ungary, and the other captive nations. For some time now both my wife and I
$p Wonder; for It is the one heinous blot have been consistent readers of the "Spires
-sist gives the ,ie to all'flie 'fair ,Proxiiisei Of the Spirit"' cOluinn` r
y
Written b ID ' '1.e-d-_.
, t" this vast 4),rincipality ef evil which- has Crick Brown Harris in the Sunday Star. . To
' - - ' us It has come to be a weekly must. And on
'
the basis of my various associations I know
that this expressed admiration for the col-
umn also reflects the thoughts and feelings
of countless other readers.
I sincerely congratulate the Star for mak-.
ing the writings of the Chaplain of the U.S.
Senate accessible to us. In his own right
Dr. Harris is widely respected in many quar-
ters of the globe for his remarkable capacity
to interpret the temporal and ephemeral in
terms of the eternal and universally neces-
sary. His lucidly written column furnishes
us with perspectives and insights which are
not readily obtainable elsewhere. The man-
Korea, Albania, Ti. et, and others. To make ner in which he invariably weds principle
*etre that the Idea of Captive IcatiOias Week , and act, the moral idea and the experiential
dries not prove to be simply 'an ephemeral empiric, illuminates the meaning and sig-
nificance of every current development he
treats.
dictionary In which the holy word '"peace"
means, simply the victory of their tyranny:
Captive Nations Week serves notice on the
niemlin that n0 rneket-tattling will ever
giNce America, forget her vow to keep alive
the knowledge of atrocities, perpetrated, un-
til, the submerged nations are rescued from
the Invader and their soil. no longer de-
111,0 by this abomination.
Our Congress has called the roll of those
rICriv Ander dip Soviet yoke: Poland, Hun-
gary, Lithuania, tikraine, Czechoslovakia,
'Latvia, Estonia, Rumania, East Germany,
Thilgaria mainland China Armenia North
th
pep to e American con.science, congress
specifically declares that the President is
urtr,timhpurctr aup:thPiraczxiPacitioan eandrgehRue ISene His recent _article "Let My People Go"
year nntil such clearly substantiates these points. In behalf
Uwe as, freerAni_ and ...independence shall have of all our citizens who observed Captive Na-
been achiev el for all the captive nations of tions Week, I wish to express publicly our
the worid ' Eisenhower
With wholehearted approval gratitude and esteem for this superb literary
President sounds a trumpet rendition which will be widely distributed
w
hi0mh ,neyer. know retreat in his ring- next year. Indeed, Dr. Harris presented the
facts about the 22 captive nations with
pressive accuracy. His column is A source of
powerful spiritual sustenance for all its
readers.
LEV E. DOBR/ANSKY,
Chairman, National Committee on
Captive Nations Week.
[From the Pittsburgh Press, July 17, 19601
WHY YOU PRAY TODAY FOR 22 CAPTIVES?DR.
DOBRIANSKY HAS AROUSED WORLD TO PLIGHT
OF ENSLAVED
(By William Gill)
Because of the perseverance of one man,
thousands of people here and in the rest of
the United States will kneel today in prayer
for the liberation of 22 nations held captive
by the Kremlin.
He is Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, 41, a balding,
scholarly professor of Soviet Economics at
Georgetown University in Washington.
A lieutenant-colonel in the U.S. Army Re-
serve, Dr. Dobriansky was teaching at the
National War College when he conceived the
idea for Captive Nations Week which starts
today.
TheT
year was 1958 and the United States,
having failed to act in the Hungarian Revolt
2 years earlier, had all but buried its avowed
policy of liberation of the captive peoples of
Eastern Europe and Asia.
"Then, as now, I was increasingly con-
cerned over the growing indifference in many
American circles toward not only the status
but also the strategic value of the captive
nations," Dr. Dobriansky says.
New York-born, Dr. Dobriansky graduated
magna cum laude from New York University,
studied philosophy 7 years at Fordham and
returned to New York University to earn his
Ph. ? D. in political science in 1950. He is
of Ukrainian heritage and is chairman of the
Ukrainian Congress Committee of America.
Dr. Dobriansky views Nikita Khrushchev's
peaceful coexistence is a sinister drive to
break the wills of the captive nations by
convincing the United States it is hopeless
to encourage the spirit of freedom behind
the Iron Curtain.
This, he claims, would amount to an
American guarantee of the territorial in-
tegrity of the Russian Empire. Secure in
this knowledge, the Kremlin could then step
up its cold-war operations far beyond their
present scope.
Washington had all but officially granted
this guarantee when Dr. Dobriansky saw his
opportunity to head it off in June 1958.
The executions in Hungary of ex-Premier
Imre Nagy and Gen. Pal Maleter spurred
widespread anti-Communist demonstrations
in the United States and Europe.
At this point Dr. Dobriansky got a reso-
lution introduced in Congress calling for
observance of a Captive Nations Year. The
House Judiciary Committee killed it, largely
because a majority felt a year was too long
for such an observance.
Dr. Dobriansky had to wait another year
before another event gave him a second
chance. The event was Vice President
RICHARD M. NIXON'S Visit to MOSCOW last July.
Many saw in this a first step toward grant-
ing the guarantee the Kremlin wants.
To allay these fears, Dr. Dobriansky again
introduced his resolution, this time pruning
the observance from a year down to 1 week?
Captive Nations Week.
Cosponsored in the Senate by PAUL
DOUGLAS, Illinois Democrat, and JACOB
JAvrrs, New York Republican, the resolu-
tion was unanimously passed by voice vote
on July 6, Massachusetts' Representative
Jorm MoCoasasosc, House majority leader,
hustled it through the lower Chamber.
The resolution did not mince words. It
said that the "enslavement of a substantial
part of the world's population by Communist
Imperialism makes a mockery of the idea of
peaceful coexistence."
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1960
..t
' T Imutv,4 i:Pszta.m. Iaallat? -13-1.1,5r-
Sift, . P.901141,14.Ge.,..?.02.._21e_9.Ltl_lern_ nations
libaggyajhanglit of as independent
OA 491.4,114famr had been conquered by
,It,,sl es,t4p2ed the promise of any direct
P? 4 cagAglilligaj140,11M.49-Ai;neesZs
,t7,rop, Att t.b.M...41.Otigas....free_hut rias
_It
-"1
. ?Pk ,,a -0.4A4.4%.11TitY?
'Finally, it ,urget1 tno: president_laziong a
prOclarna,t14:rselt irk Ode Captive Nations
Week: tofe,,i1q e this: res-Istange,.
D.
t
D. P0,11.rIa.11? claims .tiie? $tate, Depart:.
nient. is, zesponsi, ie for ,watering down the
veralba signed by President Eisenhower last
Year,' 'But :4/ifs.,,Fas barely noticed in the
fireworks, thatw
f9go,ed,?
. ' Nilata, Khrusheliev squealed like a stuck
pig. On the eve of Mr. WIXoN'S_ arrival. in
MoSeOw,,,he let, loo,se a series .o.f. 'blasts at
:President Fisexillpwer for having the temerity
' to pet aside, a, week of prayer for the captive
natiOns.
, Mr. Eisenhower returned the. fire . and he
was 'backed up by leaders of both parties and
most; .notably by George iVleany, president of
the ,AFL--pI0. Mr. Meany called IChru-
ahchev's outbursts "only a demonstration
of itle inherent weakness Of big sprawling
slave empire." ,
In Moscow, Khruslachev got into a heated
?' argurilent over the proclamation with Vice
President NIXON as they toured the American
exhibit. -
Khrushchev's tirades did 11Qt , deter Con-
gress from, Raising the resolution again this
year.
POBRIA./vsKY..-f:nf RADIO Tails WEEK ?
?- " PILL,SPL,Irg4 will have s, chance to hear Dr.
L'ev: V.. Dohrlansky on two local radio stations
. this vs-r.ssIti. 2-, ...., - 2 1-,_ .. , i
? ' Toiay,,at 5 :3_0 p.m. on WPIT Dr-. Dobriansky
tv.111NW :part :In, a Georgetown University
FO,.r1.1121 Se.0.04.t.itlect "Ntoscow's Reaction to
Captiye_Nations.ek.-
.
Tay at b;14p.m. on KDKA radio, Dr.
DobrianskY will discuss the significance of
. ._
the obsery,anc?e
Juitice,Mee? n114110,11,P,9. cfthe..5tate
supra&r
cow, cads the , Qaptive Nations
Week",ObScrv,anee, ip Pittsburgh and will speak
tcalcio.w, fkt a..111neheon rally in the Roose-
v0t
,Other yittsfiurgbers on the national Cap-
tive 4, tiYe..,Tatiql?ol goinmittee_include Bish-
op Nicholas T? PIP?.; Michael lionalenalr _of the
Ukrainian congress Committee; Michael J.
Vargovich of the Qathelic Sloyak.Union, and
Bozidar, Vuckovic of tile Croatian, Fraternal
Union. .
IFrenn the iiincolzi ,(Ark) l,,eacier)
?,- . ..-4?..7*E AV T4;f?F ar9c.C. . ...... ... ,
repnit.of Ippg fumbling of our diplo-
macy, military intelligence, and economic
reikitions aiullildflie globe, the United States
is.tOclay. a deadly peril of joining the captive
natl.:Ms, If .we _khOuld, collapse under the
? presaires our slop-happy policies have gen-
grated :,against, up, ye cpUld no longer be of
assistance?morally, spiritually, or finan-
cially?to any nation. And if we should
cCillapse, the other presently free nations
WoUld :go int0., ,C241.14/3111SLIOndage along
with :us. The, itapa,p of freedom n Would finally
have been extinguished on this earth. And
if Khrushohev sheuld,drink himself to death
, celebrating, it would be no help to us.
We might, therefore, in our Captive Na-
tions Week _01;14mm:fees _ find a place for
eniPhapis on hosy. not to become a captive
' lion..--7strAmigx_of our. ..global blunders, say
WI, I9-14:91...tk Mae X-2 _PAd some sugges-
tions. for. reforin_At this, lltb., hour. They
lla4 readily be found in /UTLEY GOLDWATER'S
"C0_,W4914g fg-a Q.91VerVatlYe __
reuCh, emphasis might be of practical value
in. stiffening some political spines?in and
out:Of :-COngreis?especially as the week is
, ,. .
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CONGRESSIONAL RECOED -- HOUSE - 4057
more or less concurrent with the rising of
the presidential campaign curtain in the
drama (or tragedy) of the political titans
searching for lollypop issues and policies that
they hope we will all grab at.
[From the Arkansas Herald, July 18, 1960]
CAPTIVE NATIONS
We Americans, luxuriating in the lap of
freedom, are now preoccupied with the busi-
ness of choosing our national leaders. We
nominate and vote for whomever we choose.
Whoever we elect will not control our
lives. Our leaders are restricted to ad-
ministrating laws enacted under representa-
tive government.
-
Some 225 million people behind the Iron
Curtain are not so fortunate. They are
captives of a Communist hierarchy that has
absolute power, enforced by police, to pro-
scribe their every freedom.
To help these hapless fellow beings is the
, ?
purpose of Captive Nations Week which,
began Sunday by joint resolution of the
U.S. House and Senate.
By whatever means we can, each of us
should do our bit to let these submerged
nations know we are pulling for them. This
is not only our moral obligation, but it
serves our national interest.
Dissatisfaction of captive peoples consti-
tutes a ball and chain on the Red masters.
They are not free to do as they choose so
? long as a spark of revolt burns. Keeping
the Communist leaders preoccupied with in-
ternal difficulties is one of the strongest de-
terrents,. to war.
At very least, each of us can pray this
week for the well-being and ultimate de-
livery of our silent allies for freedom who
are suffering at the hands of tyrants.
?
?
[From the Dallas News, July 17, 1960]
DALLAS MAYOR SETS CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
Captive Nations Week in Dallas will be ob-
served starting July 17, Mayor R. L. Thorn-
ton proclaimed Friday.
Tetie_wee4 commemorating the struggle
for freedom by nations under Soviet domi-
nation, was approved by Congress on July 17,
1959.
"The third week in July will be designated
with a similar proclamation until such time
as freedom and independence shall have
been achieved for all the captive nations of
the world," said Mayor Thornton.
The proclamation pledges the "support of
the Government and people of the United
States for the many nations throughout the
put?dg,captiye by the Imperialistic and
aggressive policies of Soviet communism."
[From the St. Paul (Minn.) Wanderer,
July 28, 19601
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
When, in accordance with a law enacted
by Congress, President Eisenhower last year
proclaimed a Captive Nations Week, his ac-
tion provoked a storm of Soviet denuncia-
tion. What? Captive nations? Ridiculous.
Nowhere, the world was told by Moscow,
do the bells of freedom peal more loudly
than in happy Hungary, the joyously self-
governing Baltic States, lighthearted Pol-
and, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Rumania, and
Albania?all, of course, with a little friendly
watchfulness on the part of the actual, or
potential, presence of the Soviet Army.
President Eisenhower has again proclaimed
a Captive Nations Week, again in accord-
ance with a law of Congress and again in-
viting a torrent of abuse from Moscow.
Speeches and editorials attacking President
Eisenhower were published simultaneously
with glowing accounts of how the people
of the Soviet Baltic Republics were cele-
brating in festive mood the 20th anniversary
of the establishment of Soviet power.
The official newspapers of the Communist
Party and the Soviet Government published
greetings from the Kremlin leaders to the
Communists chiefs in Latvia, Lithuania, and
Estonia.
All through the past week huge rallies
have been organized to "voice the Joy over
the liberation of these people from the bour-
geois Fascist boot" so that they are now
"free to march forward in the building of
communism," it was declared.
The scathing sarcasm in which public ut-
terances on the subject of the proclamation
of Captive Nations Week was expressed was
a clear sign of the indignation with which
the Soviet leaders view such action.
The most vehement denunciation was an
editorial in the Communist Party paper
Pravda. It termed the action "just another
insolent and stupid international provoca-
tion, spiced, moreover, with unpardonable
lies."
Despite the Red anger, it is appropriate,
and essential, that the West continues to
assure these imprisoned people behind the
Iron Curtain that they have not been for-
gotten. It is not its purpose to employ
force to reestablish their independence. If ?
independence is ever to be achieved it must
be achieved by peaceful means. But we do
not intend to forget the wrongs done to
these small nations by an overpowering
neighbor nor to abandon hope that the day
will come when they will once more live in
freedom.
[From the Catholic News, July 23, 1960,1
MASS FOR CAPTIVE NATIONS OFFERED AT ST.
PATRICK'S--HIS EMINENCE MEETS REPRE-
SENTATIVES OF 23 COMMUNIST-DOMINATED
COLTNTRIES Arms MASS ..?
ItepreselitaiVeS?Of 28 Communist-domi-
nated European and Asian countries, many
in colorful national costumes, attended
mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral on Sunday,
July 17, to mark the opening of Captive Na-
tions Week. Over 2,500 persons were in the
congregation to mark the second year of
such an observance, many recalling the re-
sentment voiced over the institution of such
a week by Premier Kbrushchev last year
when he complained bitterly to Vice Presi-
dent NIXON over the publicity given the in-
augural meeting.
His eminence Francis Cardinal Spellman
presided at the mass. The assistant priest
to his eminence was the Right Reverend
Monsignor Bela Varga, noted leader of the
Hungarians in exile and last president of
the free Hungarian Parliament. Deacons of
honor to his eminence were the Very Rev-
erend Monsignor Jonas Balkunas, chairman
of the Conference of Americans of Central-
East European Descent and pastor of Trans-
figuration Church, Maspeth, and the Right
Reverend Monsignor Stephen R. Krasula,
pastor of St. John Nepomucene in Manhat-
tan. The Right Reverend Monsignor Terence
J. Cooke, vice chancellor of the archdiocese,
was master of ceremonies to his eminence.
The celebrant of the mass was the Very Rev-
erend John A. Flynn, C.M., president of St.
John's University.
The preacher of the occasion was the Right
Reverend Monsignor John J. Dougherty,
president of ,Seton Hall University, South
Orange, N.J. The text of Monsignor
Dougherty's sermon was as follows:
"We have come together in this sacred
place for a very serious purpose. We have
come to this great cathedral not to be in-
jected with 'the opium of the masses,' but to
be inspired and strengthened by the mystery
of the Mass. We have come to kneel in the
majestic silence of this House of God to look
with compassion on the suffering of our
fellow man. Who are we? We are little men
and women confronting history's largest and
darkest hour. You are sons and daughters of
many nations. Once free, now enslaved. ,We,
?
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE August 25
mercans, Join you, last we forget
? os tyranny that has devoured
? 0 t re. me. a riimpant bear. We have
come to feineniber. those 'that are enslaved,
the captive nations, who sit 'in darkness and
the shadow of death.' We have come to call
Upon God to remember them. We are here to
pray fii Christ's name and through Hid holy
Uads, recalling His words of hope, 'You shall
know the truth and the truth 'shall make
you free.' We are here to examine our souls,
to call ?to mind the responsibilities of free
men; to weigh the cost of liberty.
"We begin today the observance of Captive
/lations Week. This solenni religious service
derhonstrates' the church's compassion for
- the enslaved peoples of the world, and mani-
fests her longing that they be free. The
church marshals the ranks of her children,
- arinethem With the moral weapon of her
- rat?t?precious and powerful prayer, the holy
es and at the head of her spiritual forces
pleads with God and men-for the liberation'
of the captive nations. By this solemn serv-
ice,' and others like it, she proclaims to the
vi#14,tli'af she is the champion of the en-
eistVed peoples and the eternal foe of the
0004111inist ideology of their tyrannical mes-
tere.Church is confident that this un-
Ilatlir,aT dr
eologY,'so opposed to the nature of
Man, ati , the God of nature, gannet endure.
.Her esteptiel mission is to brirg to 'man the
blessings of ,,,personal spiiitual and' moral
freedop through God's_ grace. She recog-
- nites, however, man's elemental need for
political, economic, civil, and religious free-
dom.: `She,,,puts the weight of h.r spiritual
alithsrity and venerable dignity behind
P411'4 attltigle far these 'freedoms.
- ,1111-thi's cathedral on thla morning, her cry
- fi '0Uce, ,dipte hurled " against the 'tyrant,
.let Tg. ,ReOple go.' the 'church his -extended
. iitu, p of synapathy to the opprelsed, since
' Ole" ' y that 'her' founder; standing" in the
'
s4 tie aflgazareth;deieribed His mission
In the ., /Ines of ,the, prophet 'Maths; among
'Medi, Were-these words : 'TO proolaim to the
taptiiies release.' ' The 'faith of the church Is
the ',hoiie Of the-catitives, arid the hove of the
hilectkiiihat their faith ifill siuMoit-them
111 t1,19,if-treederae come.`Taitt.'ekeedein is
-ilk tIgat ncrtyrant Cad tesfroy: no Secret
'elice can' root out, no 'Ciiiicentration 'camp
tan;dafle blit. Ry such treedont must bap-.
? tiyee live *Ail their other frSedOiliS are re-'
il'or'tl?,' .friti 66A will in ilTh good timesee to
ve'llatiOnis Weelers" the chillende of
a ' "Iiting 'at the tyrant's feet.' The
ic lnauurating 'it-WU/pas-ski bY the"
o esS 6? the United Stales on"Yilly 9, 1959,
1111dA'nOkirlitiblic law. 'Ti Is a Cry "of-pro-'
teat, afdet Communist tYradny'lliat' Shan'
' ' e0.1104704, until such time -as. freedom
11Aeppn4ence shall billie te-eri achieved
all ihe'-cantbie nations Of the- WOrld!
1:iCe- 1914 'sslin point-nudist/1' hai-sUb-
fdg:ate xIm
d by direot and Indireet aggression
al/o4t 1 billion 'people, has deprived of na-
tiqiial _independence Poland,' RungarY; Lithti-
ifda,.. ?Ukraine, CzechoSlailda, . Latiria; ks;
tonia, White Ruthenia, ittunania; tast'Oer-
Ortii1garia, the mainland Of Ofiliia, 'Ar-
north gprea, Albania, IsTOith Viet;
? OSA, aril:tether nations.- ?t has fainid-
? , ei..nire-upon atheilin, iendelde," tor.
? re, slp.1,re utior, and COMIMiniet "teifoi.
'..411iSt' 16 Why there is O.. Captive 'gallons
,Week,, _
0p, "Captive Nations Weeir'beeause
1-,ie__words of Riaildent Eisenhower's
Uri:Alton, 'Soviet-dominated- nations'
' lafen, OaPriveci Of their national "bide-
dance and "theii individual' libertied.':
0.).0:11f, A. ,approtiriate and pidper to
estjti4, the_peoples' of the captive na-'
e.g'ci,mobilt of the Government add the
of the Milted' States of America for
r just aspirationsof' freedom and na-
tional independence,' because 'the citizens of
the United States are linked by bonds of
family and principle to those who love free-
dom and justice on every continent.' There
Is a Captive Nations Week because in the
words of the resolution of the Congress of
the United States, 'the enslavement of a
substantial part of the world's population
by Communist imperialism makes a mock-
ery of the idea of peaceful coexistence be-
tween nations and constitutes a detriment
to the natural bonds of understanding be-
tween the people of the United States and
Other peoples.'
"This undying cry of protest will reach
the ears of the captive nations and kindle
the ashes of their hope. It will reach the
ears of the Kremlin masters and fill them
with fury. Men who live by the lie are
infuriated by the truth. But the cry must
go on, until it becomes the shout heard
around the world. Too long have we been
silent, too long have we spoken with a soft
voice. The captive nations are a fearful
reminder that the alternative to nuclear
war is not coexistence, but slavery.
"We are the hope of the captive nations,
they look to us as the citadel of freedom.
This is the destiny committed to us by his-
tory, and we must be worthy of it. This is
our birthright and our glorious heritage.
In the words of Woodrow Wilson:
"'We in America have stood from the day
of our birth for the emancipation of people
throughout the world who were living un-
willingly under governments which were not
of their choice. The thing which we have
held more sacred than any other is that all
just government rests upon the consent of
the governed.'
? "It was this philosophy that begot the
ftevolution of 1776, the Constitution and the
Bill of Rights.
"It is not the philosophy that perpetrated
the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. Today,
we sons and heirs of the American Revolu-
tion, sons of Washington and Jefferson, con-
front the heirs of the Communist Revolu-
tion, the sons of Marx and Lenin, the Chil-
dren of Cain. These two powers face each
other like colossi that bestride the globe, two
irreconcilable philosophies, the ideology of
freedom and the Ideology of slavery.
"Behind the Iron Curtain of one camp,
the captive nations sit and wait. Weapons
they have none save the explosive force of
ideas, the concept of human rights and so-
cial justice, the ideas for which our fore-
fathers fought at Concord and Valley Forge,
ideas which many of their children have
forgotten or ignored. This is the force that
Communist imperialism fears, love of free-
dom, love of country, love of God. As long
as these survive in the hearts of men, she
canapt conquer all. This is the resistance
that she fears; it is for her the shadoW of
death. It is this spirit, this -resistance, that
we must help keep alive by our moral and
spiritual weapons, by the unceasing cry of
protest, the anger of free men beholding
tyranny. More than this is needed. Our
Government should add strong political and
diplomatic measures to supplement the cry.
"If the plight of the captive nations is not
powerful enough to motivate us to action,
our own plight should do so, for the in-
escapable fact is that the free world has
come to the pass where it must now defend
its own self-determination and indepen-
dence. Will it or not, our 'fate is tied up
with the fate of the captive hetions, 'our
freedom is bound up with' theirs. As Lin-
coln said: 'The house' of humanity divided
against itself cannot endure permanently
half slave and half free.' We know our'
course. We chemise freedom for ourselves
and-all mankind with all the risks this
choice demands, because for men who believe
in God no other choice is possible. And
may" the Lord, God of Hosts defend us."
[From the Washington Star, July 17, 1960]
Ma. K's CAPTIVES
Today begins what is known as Captive
Nations Week. It is a week designed to keep
us and the rest of the world from forgetting
one of the ugliest and most tragic stories in
modern history of mankind. The story is
that of pitiless Soviet imperialism and what
it has done to freedom in nearly a dozen
once-iridependent lands.
These lands, in alphabetical order, are Al-
bania, Bulgaria, Cz:Ichoslovakia, East Ger-
many, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,
Poland, and Rumania. The list, which in-
cluded Yugoslavia until Marshal Tito de-
clared his independence of the Kremlin some
years ago, could be justifiably broadened to
embrace such other countries as the Ukraine,
which has long since been absorbed by the
U.S.S.R. But the prime purpose of Captive
Nations Week is to focus attention on the
imperialistic crimes committed by the Krem-
lin since the beginning of the Second World
War.
The Baltic countries?Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania?have been gobbled up completely.
As for the other victims, they are permitted,
under puppet Communist regimes rigidly
controlled by Moscow, to maintain some
semblance of separateness from the Soviet
Union. But this separateness is cruelly lim-
ited, and woe betide those who would dare
attempt to expand it into genuine independ-
ence. The most frightful case in point is
what happened to the Hungarian people in
1956 when they staged their heroic uprising
for freedom and when Nikita Khrushchev
and his colleagues answered them with naked
armed force and a literal butchery of all
their hopes and dreams.
This is one of the grim facts that will be
stressed this week, as it ought to be stressed,
by all friends of the once-free peoples now
held in captivity behind the Iron Curtain.
Certainly, as Ambassador Lodge once put it
to the United Nations, "So long as independ-.
?ence remains unachieved, so long as the So-
viet Union continues to intervene in the
affairs of these countries, we cannot and we
will not remain silent and unprotesting."
On the contrary, "We will do what we can
? * * to show these hapless victims that
they are not forgotten, that they are not
lost," and we "will continue to supply these
People with the truth about our world and
the truth about their world. At every op-
portunity we will assure them that * ? "the
old ties of kinship and friendship have not
been broken."
These 'words' Constitute a good text for
Captive Nations Week. Free men every-
where, together with their governments,
ought to give the most sober thought to the
terrible nature of the crimes committed
against the victimized lands. And those
crimes, in turn, should serve' as a measure
of the stunning mendacity and monumental
hypocrisy of Nikita Khrushchev's current
propaganda assault on the West's American-
led "iMperialists" and "aggressors." What
? we face here is something that is at once as
dangerous as it is contemptible.
[From the Pittsburgh Press, July 18, 19601
RUSSIA TOLD &AVM WILL REBEL IN WAR
Russia was warned here today that if it
ever started a war against the free world it
would be quickly overrun and overwhelmed
by rebellion within its own slave empire.
Justice Michael A. Musmanno, of the State
supreme court, told a Captive Nations Week
rally at the Roosevelt Hotel that it is a big
mistake to regard Russia as an invincible
giant.
"Russia itself contains a population of
only 96 million people," he said. "The non-
Russians within the Soviet Union number
114 million * 8 ? (in) 15 so-called Soviet
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,
-,SoCialiSt:?Tteitiblici Which at one time were
nidegaident nations."
',;_rt.fc_ffieleiintiet nations of Eastern
ape, hese repiThilca cianetitnte an ever-
drittEreacto thatioWer of the Kremlin,"
ic-e, -arr-n6 aaid.
, * are, moral and
'? spiritual atiles Orthe Western World and
041.14,,,,,iSeeive?our:friendship and, encutir-
-.agenient," he declared.
....
The justice said Klariisheliev forces the
Unitetl,$=tatas,f? 1401; te, CUT-SgClirl:by through
'Tleyei-relaxing vigilance and never-aecr?-
htg strength
? ,One a-144?mpst Vital weapons In that
'defensive-,strenigth- IS the- friendship arid're-
:Oneet of the captive nations no languishing
LA ohains behind the iron ,Curtain," he said.
4i.'Sia-Star, TV newscaster and former
' ,CZechosloyali, War- hero aid. d!pIomat', ilIeo.
- ?
spoke ' at thefiunchean:raliy, William .1.
Vettsio aeted as Muter of -eerenroiiieS and
?.Michael ,Kornieli4 Was Chafrinan of ilia
' "eVellt. ?
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uNciRtssi
-.4'1,1?,e,o
[From the Clarion, CathOlie Parish ol Glen-
view, Ill?_July 10, 1960]
Caryivn Na79lvi:5, W Jutx, 17 T023
? -tev E. Dobriansky, one of the Originators
find outliers or the resolution which beearne
Public 1.aw 80-90 to establish this national
obeeryanoe, has now formed the National
Conarnittee on paptlye-Nations Week Observ-
anee. liAtional etnpariittay, Must_ have
Ortneport. Contribute whatever_ you can for
the work' Of promoting this observance on a
Awe Seale. In. this way let its voice be heard
eveli iii the Itie. -11n. pentrjp,iitIonstO Cap-
tive , krations eek. Observacs, in care of
:Cleorgetown U versity, Washington , D.C.
. ? ? - ? .
Last year when Captive Nations Week be-
-0/11rneall 6140101,91**Vah0-14 t4ia OWItrY, it
so' touclie&the nerVe center of compliant=
_that Kbrile_hclav was eleviously shaken. The
_dagger now is that some okour leaders may be
_
'happy to let *the fiat anniversiary slip _by with
Jess ceremony than National -Pretzel ,Week.
r r ? , .1; ? ,
he orings of the'caPti:ve nations are
beyond belief. Albania, Azerbaijan, Bohemia,
Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Caucasus, China Cos-
'tackle, Croatia,"East :GerMany, Estonia,
'Oleergia, Hungary, Mel-Ural, Latvia,
'Lithu-
ania, lVfaced4a North Vietnam, Poland,,
,Ftitniahla,, Slovakia; '81OVeniii; Tibet- 'tiarire-
stan, and White Ruthenia, are the peoples
?.belikg grOdnd under the iron heel of the Reds.
It is not just, it IS not Christian, it is nct
----human to negotiate on other matters without
.first insisting on freedom and free elections
for these enslaved, for whose enslavement
.some of our most respected American leaders
are. directly to blame before Clod. In con-
-science we can'
twrkte Ok.milliarks who look
to us for help. By negotiating .we invite fur-
ther Red and 'become slowly recon.-
. ,
Cited to surrender by default.
. [From the Wilkes-Barre .(Pa:) ,Times-Leader,
' ,the Evening News, July 20, 19601
CAPX;r4,11P;OVA_NEXIS, go eau _ _
Mayor Frank P. Slattery has proclaimed
the current week July ,17-23, as Captive
Nations Week., in Wilkes-Barre, The local
observance is in conjunction with, national
' Captive Nations Week which Was approved
? by, a resolution: of Congress and Proclaimed
President Eisenhower in recognition of
nAtti.9.42,X174.10,1 P?cc PtIU 1-1ndPr Ccinallulaalat
? 1:14094. ? -
01
;Attorney Peter a szews , city so
? tor, and St:Onlieil J. Tkach, president of Penn-
sylvania SlovaR Catholic Union, are the local
? .nienabers. of tie national Captive Nations
Committee. ;congreisrnan DANIEL J. F.
tinYA?ollea?tkcskeip_
onsors of the House
i?tepresentatives resolution setting aside
_
weC.,11
,
No. 1,42-17
Some 22 nations with a total population
of 800 million people are still under the
heel of international communism, both
.Soviet and Chinese varieties, the Captive Na-
tions Committee reports.
Rev. Andrew P. Maloney, administrator of
St. Mary's Church, 533 North Main Street,
Pittston, is also a member of the national
committee and Congressman FLOOD is an
honorary member of the body.
[From the Scranton Tribune, July 21, 19601
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
President Eisenhower's proclamation set-
ting aside this week for the observance of
Captive Nations Week has particular signifi-
cance here in Scranton and northeastern.
Pennsylvania.
_ For here we have family bonds with most
of the nations subdued and tyrannized by
the Communist captors who have deprived
millions of people of their liberties, their
_freedoms, and the right to govern themselves.
From Pefore the tin Of the century and up
to fairly recent times our population in this
_area has been enhanced by, men and women
from European nations which have since
'been overrun by the ruthless Soviet despots.
And most of these people have relatives and
friends still held captive behind the Krem-
lin-erected Iron Curtain.
? So it is particularly significant to us to
"manifest to the peoples of the captive na-
tions the support of the Government and
the people of the United States of America
for their aspirations for freedom and na-
tional independence," as urged by the Presi-
dent in his proclamation.
, And we are in full accord, too, with the
sire expressed by Mr. Eisenhower that U.S.
,Presidents continue to issue proclamations
each year until such time as freedom and
independence shall have been achieved for
all the captive nations of the world.
[From the New York Times, July 18, 19601
TWO FAITHS SUPPORT CAPTIVE NATIONS?
HEEDING OF THEIR CAUSE IS STRESSED AT
, ST. PATRICK'S AND ST. JOHN THE DIVINE
Special services were held yesterday in St.
Patrick's Cathedral and the Cathedral Church
of St. John the Divine to mark the opening
of Captive Nations Week.
Twenty-three nations under Communist
-domination were represented at St. Patrick's
by expatriates in native costume.
- Cardinal Spellman presided at the 10 run:
solemn mass. The Very Reverend John A.
Flynn, president of St. John's University,
was the celebrant, and Msgr, John J. Dough-
erty, president of Seton Hall University,
preached the sermon.
USE OF SPIRITUAL FORCES
In the sermon Monsignor Dougherty called
prayer and the mass the most powerful weap-
ons of the Roman Catholic Church in its
efforts to lift the yoke of Communist tyr-
anny from the enslaved peoples of the world.
"The spiritual authority and dignity of
the church are forcespehind man's struggle
for political, economic, civil, and religious
freedom, 4 he said.
"The United States is the hope of the
captive nations because they look upon us
-as the citadel of freedom. This is the des-
tiny, committed to us by history, and we
must be worthy of it."
Asserting that the Communist ideology "is
so opposed to the nature of man and the
? ooct of mature that It cannot endure," he
added:
"Captive Nations Week is a cry of protest
against Communist tyranny that shall not
be silenced' until such time as freedom and
Independence shall have been achieved."
?At _the ,Notestfir,rt Episcopal Cathedral
driuiCh' of 8f.-./olin the Vifine the rteverend
Canon J.Ohn. W., Pyle asked Christiana "to
16459
strike a blow for Christ" by supporting the
oppressed countries behind the Iron curtain.
"We must make commitments, even.
though the risk is great," he said. "Unless
we take chances, we can never know the true
Christian ideal.
"It is entirely right for us to launch out
against oppression. As Christians we ought
to have identification with those who run a
great risk to exercise their faith. The very
essence of a belief in the right thing involves
risk.
? "The most dangerous thing we could do
now would be to seek security and safety
and forget about those in need."
[From the New York World-Telegram and
Sun, July 20, 1960]
ESSAY WRITERS WIN PRIZES?CAPTIVE NATIONS
THEME OF PROTECT
Gold and silver medallions were presented
to the winners of the American Education
Association's essay contest at ceremonies
held yesterday in city hall in observance of
Captive Nations Week.
The three winners?two New York City
high school students and a Hunter College
graduate student?were presented with the
awards by City Council President Abe Stark.
The theme of the essays was "Captive Na-
tions' Contributions to American Society."
The contest was supervised by Mrs. Cath-
ryn L. K. Dorney, editor of the AEA maga-
zine, the Educational Signpoit.
The winning students are:
Doris Lynne Garter, a junior at Martin
Van Buren High School, gold medallion.
Kevin O'Brien, senior at Archbishop Mol-
loy High School, silver medallion.
Pvt. Paul Benisclaek, graduate student at
Hunter College, now on a 6-month tour of
duty with the Army at Fort Dix, N.J., gold
medallion.
The contest winners will appear at a mass
rally sponsored by the New York State Com-
mittee for Captive Nations Sunday at 2 p.m.
in Manhattan Center.
[From the Buffalo Courier-Express, July 19,
19601
WEEK OF SOLICITUDE FOR WORLD'S OPPRESSED
The significance of Captive Nations Week,
proclaimed by President Eisenhower for
? countrywide observance, is that?in an un-
determined number of years hence?captive
nations could refer to all nations if Soviet
plans for world conquest are permitted to
materialize. At present it refers to Asian
and European lands which communism al-
ready has brought to heel, and all too soon
could refer to lands in the Western Hemi-
sphere which it menaces with its standard
plan of action: Infiltration, subversion, and
domination.
America would not be America?a sanc-
tuary for seekers of freedom from many
lands?if it forgot its traditional ties with
nations now held in the grasp of Red en-
slavement. These humbled people are in
many ways the same as we Americans who
cherish a way of life we have chosen for our-
selves, but of which they?who once tasted
freedom?only can dream despondently
while they languish under Red tyranny.
We would be strange Americans indeed if we
felt no sympathy for them who have suf-
fered every human indignity and outrage at
the hands of their conquerors, and yet must.
endure ruthleis subjugation that cries to
heaven. for vengeance.
They are our friends, believing In us and
trusting us not to let them down with a
cynical regard of their plight. We owe them
the moral support of encouraging them in
their hope of divinely vouchsafed deliverance
and restoration to a free human estate. We
need to grid them to ourselves, as it were
with hoops of steel, for even now they are
allied with us in spirit and fellow believers
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16460 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ---
August 25
In freedom's cause, if not potential recruits . the same time help others secure their God- mate liberation. Let them know that the.
_
,
in a showdown with aggressive dictatorship, given principles of freedom and self-deter- American people, who are the amalgamation
This week, In our commemoration of ?the inina.tion. Our ultimate weapon is the in- of all the peoples of the world, believe in
tragic wrongs inflicted upon them, in our herent desire of all peoples for freedom, their just aspirations."
responsibility as free men to challenge and This is the peaceful policy of liberation in Perhaps the greatest tragedy of this age,
condemn their enslavempt and in our action. We must be alert to any cracks however, is that many millions of these
prayerlfor their eventual liberation, we hall in the Soviet- empire, and encourage and ex- people do not even have such aspirations.
bring to captive nations comfort; solace and ploit any weakening bonds that tie the satel- Like creatures born in captivity, they have
cheer, renewing their faith in things for lites to Moicow. In this meaning the idea never known freedom and do not resist the
which to live and In their ultimate realize- behind the Captive Nations Week observ- stifling regimentation which robs them of
tion. ance had a _true and worthy purpose, and their humanity,
Ohould find acceptance among all- the free
? THE WEEK AND THE RESOLUTION FOR A HOUSE
[From the Park Cities North Dallas News, peoples of the world.
COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE NATIONS
July 14, 1960f
CAPTIVE NATION'S WEEK o: JULY 18-23 [Prom the 'New York Times, July 25, 1960] These reports are only a sample of the
It is fitting thaCduring july, the month
, _ , .
- ' ART/STS STAGE PROTEST?CAPTIVE NATIONS Coverages given the observance of Cap-
Of freedom, we observe 04Ptive Nations
-WEEK MARKED BY DANCES AND MUSIC HERE tive Nations Week. In every major State
-
Week, scheduled this year for the week of Artists representing captive nations staged and city the activities of the local corn-
JulY 11-23. ? a colorful demonstration of the spirited mu- inittees were reported almost daily. In
py special programs, sermons on freedom, sic, song, and dance of their homelands be- each of these areas and in numerous
diepiay of the American flag, civic organize- fore 750 at the Manhattan Center on 34th towns throughout the country, authori-
tion ,luncheon talks, radio and newspaper Street yesterday. ties issued their proclamations and reso-
-.0oVerage, film presentations, and essay con- White Russians, Tartars, Cossacks, Let- lutions on the Week. As an example, I
test award announcements, it is hoped that vians, Ukrainians, Hungarians, and Slovaks, include here the Resolution issued in the
the free _peoples of the world may continue all in bright-colored native costumes, per- city of Philadelphia:
"to be',in
..'f.ArMed arld e9nCer,Iled about :the formed during the 2-hour program in ob-
',Captive nations, and ?her hope to enslaved servance of Captive Nations Week. RESOLUTION 65
'Mahone-. - Jay Lovestone, assistant head of the inter- Resolution requesting the mayor to proclaim
- rniele.`Xe,delAlet proclamation'aboi.if cap- national division of the American Federation Captive Nations Week, July 17-23, 1960,
"tiV,e nations Stated that "s-,kli Koeltunati911 of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organize- and calling for public observance of this
? 'should be nlade each year Until such time tions, said more and more Americans saw occasion
'as freedom ,ancl independence Shall have the fraud of Moscow's coexistence propa- Whereas the Senate of the United States
'been achieved, for all the captive nations of ganda line. The AFL-CIO supports self- of America and the House of Representatives
the World." His statement prings 'to mind determination everywhere, he said, of the United States of America have by
the ?SellOne ..dilernina- conironting the free ? resolution requested and authorized the
;World: Shall ,the captive nations enslaved
:by,Cornniuniani 15e Wriften [From the Washington Star, July 23, 1960] President of the United States to designate
9,:ff VO the Cern-
`munists, Or 'Shall the free world take an - CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK the week of July 17-23, 1960, as Captive Na-
tions Week; and
EctlYe, Intere4t. In t4e.41.? an-d; w4at is ,to be 1-While in Austria Khrushchev announced
Whereas the President of the United
gained or lost through -such -action. that he hoped to see in his lifetime the sym-
States has by such proclamation invited the
thrualieheY 444 his clique, realizing that bol of communism?their red flag?flying
brute force cannot surpress indefinitely the over the whole world. This has been said people of the United States to observe such
week with appropriate ceremoniies and activ-
drtYe for ?frgecipin ?an4 incippende,ncej has before by every other Communist leader.
ities; and
refined, hEs,inetheds with hp policy of co- Unfortunately, people seem to ignore it.
ekistence., Tins is the permissible philos- During the Captive Nations Week we should Whereas many people have been made
'ophy of one step back under Communism, try to impress upon everyone that Commu- captive by the tyrannous policies of Soviet
Until the proPitious moment' conies to shoot nista are Communists, and not comparable communism; and
two steps forward, to any well-meaning people, and that they Whereas there are many good citizens of
' It should be called to mind that when Ur. even dare to openly declare their goals. We Philadelphia, whose 'national origins are as-
Khrushchev peaks of peaeful coexistence, should understand that they use the word sociated with the victims of Communistic
he Means- hotElng less' -Thai- Anierican "peace" just to reach their goals, and the oppression: Therefore
ackiiieseence- to the permanent security of greatest "piece" they want to get is the Resolved by the Council of the City of
-.his empire. 'Its purpose is to gain time for United States of America, and they are de- Philadelphia, That his honor, the mayor of
'-the eQIISolidatiOn, of hie imperialistic Om- terred right now only by the fear of an up- the city of Philadelphia, be requested to
pine which would come easy with the, broken heaval of the captive nations, the spirit of proclaim Captive Nations Week, July 17-23,
Wills and hopes of the captive nations; which they are trying to break.
'Sometimes reticent In taking a positive 1960; and
. To destroy Khrushchev's plan we should Resolved, That the citizens of Philaklel-
Ebel% the free world should now make Its start in the Captive Nations Week a concrete phia, in accordance with such proclamation,
position determinately clear to the Com- action: we should declare that we want to be requested to cooperate in observance of
?miliiiste regarding the captive nations of reach in our lifetime a situation where the this celebration, in churches, synagogues,
any nation seeking freedom or self-deter- symbol of slavery?the red flag?be oblit- civic and patriotic clubs, educational insti-
mination. In a world in which the con- erated and that communism would remain tutions, and wherever such observance
gent struggle for independence is on the in people's minds only as a nightmare, and should be appropriate.
daily newspage, it would certainly lessen the that everywhere there would be government
, MOra M
l.astandard Of the United States to re- of the people, by the people, for the people. By the request of the National Cap-
use' recognition to these facts. any of
ALFRED S. BERG. tive Nations Committee, the President
today's na,tiOnalist movements found their? - issued from the summer White House in
inspiration in American history. It would .---
[From the Pittsburgh Press, July 17, 1960] Newport, R.I., his proclamation of the
be ironic, if the United States should ever
find itself cot in the role 'of opposing 'in- THE AGE OF SLAVERY 1960 Captive Nations Week. The con-
dependence movements seeking recognition Captive Nations Week begins today on a tents of this proclamation are impor-
of the kind Of principles which established grim note: Never in all the world's history tant to my proposal for a House Corn-
our own?colintry. have so many millions of people lived under mittee on the Captive Nations. I ill-
Over 2,26 Millien People held captive by oppression and tyranny. For this is not elude it at this point in the RECORD;
he' bonarfiurasits (besides the 700 million only the dawning space age?it is the age of
Chinese) represent a potent force who can slavery for 900 million human beings.
become, the free world's most reliable allies. Captive Nations Week will not be cele-
,t n is also important to note that the stronger ' brated?it is being observed solemnly.
the hope and Urge of the captives for their Justice Michael A. Musmanno of the Penn-
freedom apd?indepentlence, the weaker the sylvania Supreme Court, who is chairman of
-threatening position of the Soviets and, con- the observance in the Pittsburgh district,
seqUeritly the more secure is the status a has urged all "who are attached by family
the free wprld, ties to any of the 22 enslaved nations" to
Our course of conduct in foreign relations display all week the American flag and "the
should be tested by the standards we have .flag of the country of their forebearers."
, pursued in our past. If it advances the "I respectfully ask that the people of this
, -cause Of freedom, let us pursue it: if it in- area offer up prayers for the liberation of
,,tures the cause of freedom, let us reject it the 900 million people held in cruel Soviet
most vehemently. Only then can we hope bondage," Justice Musrnanno declared. "We
?
to maintain our security and peace and at must not let them lose hope for their ulti- every continent; and
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK, 1960
BY THE PRESIDENT OP THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA, A PROCLAMATION
Whereas many nations throughout the
world have been made captive by the im-
perialistic and aggressive policies of Soviet
communism; and
Whereas the peoples of the Soviet-domi-
nated nations have been deprived of their
national independence and their individual
liberties; and
Whereas the citizens of the United States
are linked by bonds of family and principle
to those who love freedom and justice on
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1960
Approved Fortelea.
Vi\azittS
? ,Where Wig apPropriate and proper to
ra4p4AW thk, peoples of the captivena-
lions the siablort of the-GOVefinnenc aifel
the people of the trateit -816,tes orAinerICa
for their just aspirations POP. free-nil: and
national inclePefidencel and
? WherekS by a joint resol4ion approved
July 17, 1959 (73 Stat. 212), the Congress
authorrzed and requested the President
pf the-, United Btaltes, p; America JeLlskup a
proclamation -clesignatiniThe third week In'
hy 'f93'g as '"Captlye ratio-1W Week' and
to issue _SiMclay p'reciaina:troit each year
until, such -tinv as freedom and indePerid-
erice nail have been achieved for, all the
na,ptive nations of the World: -
Now,. therefore, I, Dwight B. Eisenhower,
President ,of the 'United tatee of &parka,
do hereby designate the Week beginningjuly
17, 1960, as Captive Nations Week.
; invite the, people of the United States
of America to observe' sUcli 'Week with ap-
propriate cereinonies and aPtivities, and I
urge them to study the plight of the Soviet.
dominated nations and to recommit them-
selves to the support of the just aspirations
of the peoples of those captive nations.
witness Whereof, I. have hereunto set
my hand and caused the seal of the prated
States' of America to be affixed.
? Done at the city of 'Washington this 18th
day of July in the year of our Lord 1960,
and of the Independence of the United
States of America the 185th.
? DNyjoirr D,gISENHOWER,
By the President:
?,? CuRisnArr A, HERTER, ,
' Sepret,#y Of Stat.
It is noteworthy, Mr. Speaker, that as
In the case of 'last year's proclamation--
in tact, more go?the Red totalitarians in
Moscow readted sharply and vehethent-
ly denounced this recent proclamation
by he President and also the observ-
ance of the week by our private citizens.
On this,theNeW York-Times report on a
brief analysis Of the 1960 results of Cap-
tive Nations Week, as it appears in the
'AuguSt issue- of Freedom's FaCts, suffice
to give us- an appreciation of the deep-
rooted' fear Moscow' has of the Captive
Nations Week res?ltLioii. t inCbi'pOraie
here both the report and the analysis:
[From the Nevi. York 'Times, July 23, 1960]
,
RnsSIANS Dnigpuzion Eis4m1pvvga S'Orc
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK7?LEADERS_ AND
PAPERS REACT Wrrir Micza?Dzor...4.,az THAT
BALTIC PEOPLES, REJOICE ON .Prz,riv.,FasAiir
os "LisEaltziorpi"
(By Osgood Caruthers)
Moseow, July 22.?SOviet leaders and news-
papers reacted 'angrily today to the prods,-
ination in the United States Pi Captive Na-
tions Week.
Speeches and editorials attacking Prest-
dsnt ElienhCi*er (who laa Monday, pro-
claimed the second annual Observance_ of
the week) were ptiblished' simultaneous1y
with glowing accounts of how the people of
the soviet Baltic republics were celebrating
"In festive mood" the 30th anniversary of the
establishment :of Soviet power.
The efheig newspapers of the Communist
Party and the 'Soviet "GoVainnient published
greetings from the Kremlinleadera to the
Communist chiefs in Latvia, Lithuania and
Estonia.
HUGE RALLIES ORGANIZED
- 4
?
AU through this week huge rallies have
been organized to "voice the joy over the
llkeration pf tkese people from the bourgeois
,'Vas-eigt I?_ot" go Ihat they are now "free to
n1i1tOli tp.,r,wget In tile building of coin-
' =limn," it was declared. '
? The scathing sarcasm in Which public ut-
terances on the subject of the proclamation
A1
1 nnaago000300110067-
,3 3
of 'Captive Nations Week was expressed was
a clear sign of the indignation with which
the Soviet leaders view such action.
They protest with that
the people of the -Baltic Stafea were never
before as well off- as *lei' are "no* under
Soviet rule.
Setting the keynote on this theme was
Mikhail A. Suslov, the Soviet Union's chief
Communist theoretician and right-hand man
to Premier Ithrushchev.
Mr. Susiov attended anniversary festivities
In Vilna, the capital of Lithuania, and spoke
there 'last night of how "the American im-
perialists and their Servants ate displaying
silly, efforts to spoil the relations of the peo-
ples of our countries."
"They hope that the remnants of bourgeois
'nationalism in the Soviet Baltia Republics
will survive," he declared, "but all of these
hostile machinations are doomed. to failure.
"One must lose his senses to propose that
the really free peoples ofthe Soviet take on
the chains of imperialist slavery."
NIXON'S visrr rizom..rEn
It was recalled here that exactly a year ago
today Vice President Nixori arrived in Mos-
cow and was almost instantly confronted by
Mr. Khrushchev with an angry denunciation
of Washington's endorsement of the con-
gressional proclamation of Captive Nations
Week. The subject was raised incessantly by
Mr. Khrushchev during Mr. NIXON'S visit.
The most vehement denunciation of this
year's renewal of the proclamation by the
White House was an editorial writer in the
Communist Party paper Pravda.
He termed the action "just another inso-
lent and stupid international provocation,
spiced, moreover, with unpardonable lies."
"If the U.S. President was indeed con-
cerned for the lot of captive nations, he need
not have to go far," the writer continued.
"Suffice it for him to take a look at what is
going on right in his own house to
find out whether many are free in Amer-
ica itself. ? *"
Similarly, these were expounded by Krem-
lin leaders in the Baltic capitals during the
current. celebration,
In Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, Otto V.
Klitisinen, Finnish-born member of the rul-
ing Presidium of the Soviet Communist
Party, told the inhabitants that Soviet power
had brought them benefits. In the Latvian
capital of Riga the speaker was Nikolai M.
Shvernik, former titular chief of state and
also a Presidium member.
?????????1.0.
[From Freedom Facts, August 19601
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK-1960 RESULTS
Millions of Americans took part in Captive
Nations Week observances on July 17 to 21.
There were special services in synagogues and
churches. There were hundreds of special
meetings, observances and rallies.
Through all of these events in many key
cities Americans expressed their support for
the hopes of captive peoples for freedom and
national independence. They pledged them-
selves to struggle by every peaceful means
to obtain self-determination and freedom for
all captive peoples.
At the rally in Washington, D.C., the Hon-
orable George W. Abbott, Solicitor of the
Department of the Interior, declared that
"as long as any nation is unfree, no nation
can be completely free." A former Cuban
businessman and lay religious leader, Miguel
Kohly, said 90 percent of his countrymen
were dedicated to freedom, but the remain-
ing 10 percent were leading the "boldest
piracy in history." His Excellency Il Kwon
Chung, Ambassador of Korea, declared that
there i A.0 place for compromise or neu-
trality in the fight against communism, and
added that freedom has never burned bright-
er in the bosoms of Koreans.
16461
A HUNGARIAN' 'PREEDOM FIGHTER 'S'PEAKS
. At the. ,sarne., rally an anonymous Hun-
garian freedom fighter made an eloquent
plea. Speaking for peoples of the captive
nations he declared, "We, members of the
captive East European nations, turn to you,
representatives of the free countries. We
turn to you from the worst kind of slavery,
pleading with you to deliver us from this
hell on earth. We, plead with. you first of
all in the name of the Creator, who blessed
you with 'all the beauties, Wealth and
lib-
erty, leaving us the Morro*, 'suffering and
captivity. borrow and suffering are easier
to bear, but it "iscaptiVitY against which
we rebel and lieg you to aid us' in casting
off our yoke.
"If things go On the way they have during
:the immediate past, the tactics of the Com-
munists will conquer every _country, one
by one. If you, the strongest, are afraid,
What can you expect of the really weak?
With determination and ,courage you could
save the oppressed and, automatically, save
yourselves. The price of your freedom is
our freedom."
Senator KENNETH KEATING, Republican,
New York, in a statement on the occasion
of Captive Nations Week declared, "Their
cause is our cause, their sorrow must be our
sorrow, for freedom is a brotherhood or it
is nothing. God made us to be free, and
under God we must pledge to one another,
across the oceans, across the curtains of
iron, that freedom is not a separate destiny,
but a common destiny * * * no free man
can have ease of mind while his neighbors
are shackled by the brutal chains of the
sworn enemy of freedom."
THE IMPACT ON COMMUNISTS
What impact did statements like these
have upon the Communists in Moscow and
in other Communist-ruled capitals? Radio
Moscow attacked Captive Nations Week even
more bitterly this year than last. Claimed
Commentator Orlov on July 19, the Ameri-
cans cannot "stomach the fraternal rela-
tions of equal cooperation and mutual as-
sistance within the Socialist system, for all
this is in sharp contrast to their own rela-
tions with smaller or weaker countries, a
clearcut instance of which are the recent
imperialist intrigues, conspiracies, and inter-
ventions against Cuba and the Republic of
Congo."
Communist pfopagandists In Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Estonia, Albania,
and other nations attacked Captive Nations
Week as "a lying campaign," as a "slanderous
campaign," and as "a provocative act," which
could only "make the world public laugh."
The widespread and bitter Communist at-
tack against Captive Nations Week by itself
indicates that the truths proclaimed by the
week's activities have hit a sensitive spot in
the Communist armor. The Communist-
propagated fiction that captive nations are
free and equal partners in the Communist
bloc is exploded by the groveling subservi-
ence of Communist rulers of the captive na-
tions to every order and whim of the top
Russian Communist.
PLAN FOR THE FUTURE
Captive peoples are not free to select their
own government, make their own laws, run
their economy, or decide for themselves the
kind of lives they want to lead. All decisions
are made by the state and the party and both
are run from Moscow.
Captive Nations Week exposed the truth of
Communist tyranny to the world, and Com-
munists were hurt. They admit the truth
of the charge when they deny the captive
people the right to self-determination by a
free and secret vote. They know that if cap-
tive peoples have the chance, they will throw
the Russian Communists and their minions
out of power.
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c9NGRESSI9NA, RECORD -7. tIPUSE August 25
.. ? . , , ,
it:10j, +01 strength and Presented to US that I propose the necea- It is not enough to express !rim time .
five_ ,trti tions Week puts sary establishment of a House Commit- to time our sympathy with the Captive
-7-11%ci.c9itato-,94._4.4mb tee on the Captive Nations. But this is nations in Europe and Asia. The time
an ore tn world'.
The e ec only one reason justifying the creation has come for us to understand the basic
venesi or Paitrie-Istane
? suge-eg-ts' "ilial- tiO 'Week
tre'_-ifi.pkgTe-ii, eier...:, :,: of this committee. If the Members ideology of all the captive nations. Rea-
creaqed through Participation of more nit1-7 Would read carefully the clauses pre- son, not sentiment is determinative here.
. lions of peoples of the free WOild. The etrug7 ceding
ri my resolution, they would recog- The captive nations in the aggregate are
Pe must -Continue 'until alrealAW.e ?l*i)1.es nize limediatelY the many Pressing Tea- perhaps even more important to our /m-
oan-say to the Reds: "SiOp. running our sons for siich desirable action. tional security and that of the nontotal-
.6?1#1tiT and our liiree.-6?,11?Ine:- Vr,/,e d9ri't . For one, the two Presidential procla- itarian free world than space conquests,
want- YOU here!' Mations on Captive Nations Week?last missile superiority, and a host of other
R. Peek, .r.4#9153es. TR.i:011tiv..?T?QVit!!SPRTT ., year's and the recent one?call upon the things. They are our great and formid-
____-,'E:zsra5a,.. _ rrIc# .,,, ?-..)-,z4 ., - American people to study these nations, able deterrent against the outbreak of
. .
The President's:re-Pli to this new and 4 committee of this type would insure a hot global war. So long as colonial
harsher denunciation, took the formi of continuous studies and inquiries intnall and Imperialist Moscow remains per-
a challenge t? Moscow t9 'accept' under the captive nations. It would prove to manently insecure with regard to its
J.N. auspices the Conduct of free 'elec.- bp a constant source of knowledge and captive masses, it will certainly venture
tions in all t4e captive nations gpit else- trifOrrnation. ,41:00U,t, the captive nations. into 110 _hot ,war. Quite emphatically, it
' 're hi,',ilieworict. theTimportancc of Its very existence would serve the pur- could scarcely afford one, for the captive
'Challenges and their _ foIlOW-tin poses set forth and stressed in the 'Prpsi- nationals within the armed forces a the
oUl not' ,Pe. underestimated in the dential Proclamation. ?Soviet Union, itself, would be a constant
rinie'area of creational conflict and Second, an active committee of this threat and then an eruptive force in the
fUl propaganda they Can have 'last- nature would ,by its studies, inquiries, empire. The captive nations in the ag-
' reaultS Of benefit to the cause of and investigation, open for us new vistas
, . . . . _ ? . gregate are both an insurance for con-
- eld-r -a - This is 'What the chair- 'of conception and understanding about tinned peace and a weapon for the ad-
'-17? * r QM? - ' ' ' nations'' ' - ' LT' d the '
rharr''Of the _National Captive the Soviet mon, , an e entire Red vance Of world freedom. They represent
COMIltee, li,ad in Mind' when he: ilia- totalitarian empire. These new dmien- a tremendous strategic value for the
- patche a 'telegram to the VI?eSident, sions of thought would in turn con- forces of freedom. .
_ congratulating him for, this ,Challenge, tribute to the development of new, imag- _ ,This .strategic value more than justi-
AS ' reported In theChicago Tribune and illative, and ' dynamic ideas and al3- ties the need for establishing a House
l
-.r''' Von papers,
a'the' telegrain was proaches by which we could successfully Committee on the Captive Nations. Be-
sAll'als: , .`?,' ' ' throw the icreplOgIcal a,ggreseors upon a cause of this value to our national secu-
, , ,
Preilderif trviiiir D. EISENHOWER, Perpetual defensive and into eventual rity, we have rightly and appropriately
Citiegpo, Th.. ' ' defeat in the Cold war. With the Pow- formed specialized committees in the
'We atronely congratulate you and heartily ers' trial in IQs cow, it would do well for areas of space, atomic energy, and eco-
applaud the challenge Of free elections you us to bear in mind that almost the en- nomics. The strategic value of all the
offPrPd. Itli111,giffiev 1.34t Breit in your stir'. .tire territory flown over by the U-2 plane captive nations, which means also those
ring , address at the Repuhlican National is captive non-Russian country. A in the Soviet Union, is in itself a coin-
-Ave:419n, - -
e',..and O6.4tie .
ss Anericans urge that . - - you knowledgeable use of this basic fact at pelling and urgent reason for us to es-
.0i
our, Vuited 'Nations Ainbaseador press the time of the summit would have kept tablish a House Committee on the Cap-
, efialiengcliY every 'inea'ns'' in the foruins the Moscow totalitarians talking and tive Nations.
of Worid"ppinio.n.. _ , , . thinking about this to present date, a Mr. Speaker, it is for this fundamental
" V_saii,PdrifoUlarly haPpy',.over this de'el- The third additional reason for_ reason and all that it implies that offer
OPirierit because in a letter addressed to you Tfouse Committee on the Captive Nations and submit for action in this session the
'on, Sep-teinbei" i2, i9S9, and In subseuerit IS that the Products of its systematic and following resolution to establish a House
'601;131144e...atiOn?. 1 ,urged that this 'kind of continuous and concentrated work would Committee on the Captive Nations:
,chageuge ?be made., to 15hri.i.ahcheV ...in eone-
uectipn ..oittl. ,/.4. itt?e,mq,?4,p 0;4 ,v04!,,y_ 'cow's
gowalongw to ay offset and negate Mos- Whereas two Presidential proclamations
ltatfons' VitSek7iii his 'fOyeign? affairs artlele propaganda and infiltrative efforts designating Captive Nations Week summon
'leased last Atigust'. in free Asia' the Middle East, Africa and the American people to study the plight
6,#,e,:f4v. t'ilrouih'01,1:b eth-e land ' can not Latin America. For example the focus of the Soviet-dominated nations and to
anii.you enou,gh for your Ca,ptive tations of our serious attention upon the 35 recommit themselves to the support of the
just aspirations of the people of those cap-
ItnegOWaS hen rocked byliiis. It demi) Soviet Union Wal oc amation as weel. Once again 'million Moslemscauslit nju9ga
t have thewithinted
, mostth e :
cap-
tive nations; and
t.ikt.P.4 a,:gain their fear of our Captive Nna-- salutary effects upon the entire Moslem first anniversary
the nationwide observance in the
t anniversary of Captive Nations Week
OA*. .V'eek, reNntion? ?Wp. earnO?tX1160. world. Moreover, the contributions of clearly demonstrated the enthusiastic re-
' ,,tirge that, jou w6iilli. liniciroRpitrnsaTifoThere6illesoa- the committee would bolster and vastly sponse of major sections of our
IlitiOn. 0, honoring
.70,0yerrnment:jigen4 'on-g6.1r_Deterl*p.941-0 improve our posture and position in the this Presidential call; and
Whereas, following the passage m society
yt the
'. of C4tive - d (:),:. ' -led II
? . an -cup ations which paramount arena of contesting ideas
'Vhititi,Place Moscow on a perpetual deferi. 0,ti.d argument in the cold war. Captive Nations Week resolution in 1959 by
the Congress of the United States and again
in 'the ce10 war. 'Thi be a,fnrth'Or .Fourth, the Congress could display during the observance of Captive Nations
d'verfpracticai chafiengea
c.' a in no better way the pride it has in hay- Week in 1960, Moscow displayed to the world
'.,liiiincere,,,Dr. uv 4.1)*9 la lc - ' _ing legislated the Captive Nations Week its profound rear of growing free world
0?11,a? iri;i'ciii.? Nat-ipiiai-ZVTiliYeL eil. resolution than by beginning to imple- knowledge of and interest in all of the
104 4 7Stizi,"Natio,ns.,177..ef' ili, bb-s- ervcfn,c' 6.-. ment it with theformation of a perma- captive nations, particularly the occupied
non-Russian colonies within the Soviet lin-
_ _os.', nerit committee on the captive nations.
eriClinthiS Challenge Radio m As the data I provided here will show, ion; and
c9*II0 )31 thP way: 1e ' . . ' ' ' the Anierican, people responded vigor- of Whereas the indispensable advancement
suchbasic knowledge and interest alone
12e,ten44n.ey 4 ' this P'1;04ss Is quite I- ously to the resolution in their obser- can serve to explode current myths on
t,,l.Alinostli'alf :Of all mankind has 'voted .va,nce of Captive Nations Week. Re- Soviet unity, Soviet national economy and
a F.Y.i?!. Pt- 6?4118.n3 (3 "1-1y,'-'6),* sponding also to the President's call for monolithic military prowess and openly to
Xi reply to this lie, we should have re- the study of these nations, they have expose the depths of imperialist totalitarian-
eite4 again and again for all articulated the World ? '
ated. the need for such A commit' ism and economic colonialism throughout
to 1-109,f, the dates of Russian COnunii- tee in their recent observances, Mr. the Red Russian empire, especially inside
Re-
rust conquest' of all the captive nations Speaker, the resolution I am proposing the so-called union of Soviet Socialist publics; and
,, Lisp,td?....in 0.6. tl,ptive NationsWeeli,i?eso'- here is a response to this popular de- Whereas for example, it was not generally
3034
'.'u,'31_,. , , . in
,and, and I feel sure that every Member, recognized', and thus not advantageously
it ia'because of our 'fail- after having' 'read the sainPles of evi- made use of, that in point of geography,
?Now, up such opportunities as deuce given here, Will Share this feeling, history, and demography the now famous
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
I3-2 plane flew mostly over captive non-
Ruesiak territories in the Soviet Union; and
Whereas, in the fundamental conviction
that the Central issue 'Of our times is im-
perialist totalitafian slavery versus demo-
cratic national freedom, we commence to
win the ps?chopolitical cold war by as-
- - , . .
.serribling aria icirthrightly utilizing all the
:truths and 'facts' pertaining to the enslaved
' coriditien Of the-13601es Of Poland, Hungary,
'Lithuania1kraine, 'Czechoslovakia, Latvia,
EStOnia, Wfifte?Ruthenia, Rumania, East
GerrrianY, tatigaria; mainland China, Ar-
Maria, Aterbailan, Georgia, .North Korea,
Albania; Idel-Ural, Tibet, Cossackia, Turke-
stan, North Vietnam, and other subjugated
nations; and -
Whereas the ehlightening forces generated
by such knowledge and understanding of the
-fate of these oeeupied and captive non-Rus-
sian nations vid'uld also give encouragement.
to latent liberal elements in the Russian
Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and.
Would help bring to the oppressed Russian.
'people their overdue independence from
centuries-long authoritarian rule and tyr-
anny; and
Whereas these weapons of truth, fact, and
ideas would counter effectively and over-
whelm and defeat Moscow's worldwide
propaganda campaign in Asia, Africa, the
? Middle East, Latin America, and specifically
among the newly independent and under-
developed nations; and
Whereas it is incumbent upon us as free
citizens to Appreciatively recognize that the
captive nations in the aggregate constitute
not only a primary' deterrent against a hut
? global war and further overt aggression by
Moscow's totalitarian imperialism, but also
. a prime positive means for the advance of
world freedom in a struggle which in total-
istic form is piSfehopolitical; and
Whereas in pursuit of a diplomacy of
truth we cannot for long avoid 'bringing
into 'question Moscdtv's legalistic preten-
sions of noninterference in the internal
affairs of states and other contrivances
Which are acutely subject to examination
Under the art of morally founded legal
principles and pblitical, economic, and his-
torical evidence; and
Whereas in the implementing spirit of our
own congressional Captive Nations Week
resolution and the two Presidential procla-
Mations it is in our own strategic interest
? and that of the nontotalitarian free world
to undertake 'a Continuous and unremitting
study Of all the 'captive nations for the pur-
pose of developing new approaches and fresh
ideas for victory in the psychopOlitical cold
war: Now, therefore, be it
. ,Resolved, That there is hereby established
a committee which shall be known as. the
Special Committee on the Captive Nations.
.The committee shall be composed of ten
Members of the House, of whom not more
than six shaft be merribers of the same pout-
leaf party and of whom five- shall be mem-
bers of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, to
be appointed by the Speaker of the House
of Representatives.
SEC. 2. TO Vacancies in the membership
of the committee shall not affect the power
of the remaining members to execute the
functions Of the comMittee, and shall be
filled in the same manner as in -the case of
the Original selection:
(b) The cominittee shall select a chair-
man and a vice chairman from among its
? members. In the absence of the chairman,
the vice chairman shall act as chairman.
(c) A majority of the committee shall
constitute a quorum except that a lesser
number, to be fixed by the committee, shall
constitute a quorum for the purpose of ad-
ministering oaths and *taking sworn testi-
mony.
SEC. 3. (a) The committee shall conduct
an inquiry into and a study of all the captive
non-Russian nations, which include those
In the Soviet Union and Asia, and also of
the Russian people, with particular refer-
ence to the moral and legal status of Red
totalitarian control over them, facts con-
cerning conditions existing in these nations,
and means by which the United States can
assist them by peaceful processes in their
present plight and in their aspiration to re-
gain their national and individual freedoms.
(b) The committee shall make such in-
terim reports to the House of Representa-
tives as it deems proper, and shall make its
first comprehensive report of the results of
Its inquiry and study, together with its rec-
ommendations, not later than January 31,
1962.
SEC. 4. The committee, or any duly au-
thorized subcommittee thereof, is authorized
to sit and act at such places and times
within or outside the United States to hold
such hearings, to require by subpena or
otherwise the attendance of such witnesses
and the production of such books, papers,
and documents, to administer such oaths,
and to take such testimony as it deems
advisable.
SEC. 5. The committee may employ and
fix the compensation of such experts, con-
sultants, and other employees as it deems
necessary in the performance of its duties.
Mr. Speaker, the heart of the matter
is that we are helping ourselves when we
look to the interests of the captive na-
tions. They are a strong factor in deter-
ring the Kremlin from outright aggres-
sion that would provoke a nuclear war.
Khrushchev knows he presides over a
very uneasy empire. He realizes full well
that the so-called Soviet Union is largely
a political fiction, a forced alliance of
peoples with past histories of independ-
ence, glorious cultures, and their own
folkways. The Soviet rulers know better
than anyone else the repressive measures
they are required to use to keep the peo-
ples of the captive nations prisoners.
And, above all, the Soviet ruling clique
is totally aware that the nations held in
captivity dream of freedom and inde-
pendence and a return to their once
proud sovereignty. In such a situation, a
strong third force would be on the side of
the free world in the event of hostilities.
Imagine the havoc such a force could
inflict on Communist military installa-
tions, transportation, food supplies. Yes;
the captive nations are a deterrent to
war, and are at the same time strong,
natural allies of the free world:
Mr. Speaker, history informs us that
tyranny bears the seeds of its own ruin.
Down through the ages it has been thus,
one tyrant after another met his ruin in
the blood baths of his own instigation.
1Vlariy of us here today remember Hitler
boasting that the Reich of his own vio-
lent creation would continue in glory
down for a thousand years. We all re-
member, too, how this madman perished
by his own plan of destruction, cornered
literally like a rat, in a Berlin bunker?
this bloodstained edifice pulled down
round his own villainous head.
Yes, Mr. Speaker, we serve our Re-
public and the free world well when we
look to cause of freedom for all mankind.
Freedom is America's business?it has
16463
always been so and, pray- God, it will
always be so.
Let us now send out word and keep
sending it out to the peoples of the cap-
tive nations that they are not forgotten
in America?that their plight is our con-
cern, that we shall never be reconciled
to their sorry condition, that we shall
continue to use every peaceful means at
our command to bring about their re-
lease, their restoration to freedom.
What I propose here today is the de-
velopment of another effective instru-
ment to bring about that happy day of
independence for these millions gripped
in the vise of Red tyranny.
In all solemnity, Mr. Speaker, I say:
Let us tend the lamps of freedom?the
hour is late and the night is dark?but
the dawn will be ours when all men may
walk upright in freedom, and Red tyr-
anny has been crushed.
Mr. PIJCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. FLOOD. I yield to the gentleman
froni. Illinois.
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I com-
mend and congratulate our colleague,
the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr.
FLOOD], for the excellent presentation he
is making here today. I know few men
who are as fully qualified to know the
real meaning of the threat of commu-
nism as does Mr. FLOOD. In 1952, the
gentleman from Pennsylvania was a
member of the Select Committee of the
House of Representatives that investi-
gated the Katyn Forest massacre, and
the gentleman, indeed, played one of the
key roles in writing the indictment?the
first indictment against the Soviet Union
for committing this monstrous atrocity
against some 15,000 Polish Army officers
who were our gallant allies in World
War II. I think the gentleman's anal-
ysis of the importance of this captive
nation's resolution which the Congress
adopted last year is, indeed, very pene-
trating and the gentleman would be
happy to know that only this year in the
city of Chicago in pursuance of the cap-
tive nations' resolution, we held a great
service and ceremony on Captive Na-
tions Day. Some 5,000 people. attended.
I would like to stress the importance of
this point that the 'gentleman has
brought up. This ceremony was ar-
ranged by Mayor Daly. It was a mag-
nificent sight to see the representatives
of the 14 captive nations, that the gen-
tleman from Pennsylvania just men-
tioned, standing there with their na-
tional banhers and flags raised high and
their voices and their hopes high that
soine day these captive nations would
join the family of free nations of the
world. I congratulate the gentleman for
the outstanding presentation he is mak-
ing today.
Mr. FLOOD. I thank my distin-
guished friend and colleague, the gen-
tleman from Illinois. He is very kind.
I am especially glad to see him here be-
cause he very graciously referred, Mr.
Speaker, to my connection with the
famous Katyn massacre investigation.
?
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CONGItESSIO cORD HOUSE August 25
-4**49xcl.n.Yeatigatio..13 WOUld not
?Arplace at. all if At had not
ht)41 ? -
? NI ,
In Ar_
was at that_ time, my
Was inY right ariTyalf,.hth'ieliiiingthCrt*Phr:MIeorri. tHhe
chi clerk
ttlis f2hveatig, e s
tilinic pxgeb, DecatiQ' of )2ASHIT.a.P.'servic'ei,
the people of his great, district in rural
Illinois SAW ttj() send laini laerp to join
"US So 'We Oul.d have the ben-eat- of his
etlenCe,a0 a colleague.
to the gentleinan from, South
M
jr.wl/ORN of SO4th:,CarOlina'Mr.
; Speaker, f wish to congratulate my dis-
,
, 1,144.irt,i211e4,,,eColleague, the gentleman
I1P1h.,,KePAY1vania [Mr. FLoosl, for con-
trilling to bring to the attention of this
-body and the country the grave danger
we are in. I think the gentleman's Plan
v,otild put the Soviet 17111PD eh the defen-
sive in 5 minutes if we wOuld adopt this
'Plan and appeal to the captive peoples
behind the Iron Curtain, as well as out-
side Of the IronCurtain.,
'or Years we have been on the defen-
,? !lye. This plan could put the Soviet
u ,niOn on the defensive instantly. con-
' gratulatg th
gentleman..
,Mr. 114903a, I Am ,glad My friend
?_from SeAth Ilats
bis
ipje.
'He laas been \Vital? me 141Vyetals
,here ,HWhen-twe, ?both have been making
p.m kind lat speech, and I am_glad to
have,laiS.SOnth,Carolina dignitY arid ac-
" cent added tp tis. Qusoutbern col-
aeagneS are renewriecl.fer their patriotism
end th ?
- . 9PPosit4on t4 cetnirinunsm and
? ail it standsfor? He speas well for the
gotlth. X was born? and ? raised in the
South. 1 aro liPt a "daniyankee," I am
' .Just a "Yankee." I am glad he is here
?today to sa,y?those words.
Ur, VALPER.N. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
FLOOD. yield to the gentleman
:rein New York
Mr. ITALPERN. Mr. Speaker, I would
Him. like to conaplinaent the distinguished
entleman, ?from Femuylvania IMr.
ilkoon] for his introduction of this reso-
lution to create a House Committee on
',Captive Nations. I would like to asso-
iny,self with his remarks, Mr.
eaker, as a cosponsor of the resolution
expresSing the sense of Congress that the
Subject of, captive nations ?should be in-
cluded at the suraniit conference.
I am particularly pleased to support
this measure. It is especially significant,
'Mr. Speaker, at this time, in view of the
tragic scuttling of the summit confer-
ence by the Communists.
I ask unanimous consent to include MY
remarks on this subject at the conclusion
-of the speech by the gentleman from
Pennsylvania.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
York?
There was no objection.
Mr. FLOOD, Mr. Speaker, I yield to
?4.-ie gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr.
Mr. TOLL. Mr. Speaker, I want to
take this opportunity to commend the
distinguished gentleman from Pennsyl-
vania, one of the most valiant fighters
against communism in the entire coun-
, try. cogipliment him for his splendid
remarks on the subject of captive na-
tions, I have a great number of people
in my district who .have relatives in
these captive nations, Polish, Hungarian,
Runianian. I believe the people in these
countries eventually will gain their free-
dom.
I wish to associate myself with every
sentiment the gentleman from Pennsyl-
vania has expressed.
Mr. FLOOD. I am very pleased with
these expressions of support. I know
the great city my friend comes from.
Upon. occasion I feel called upon to rec-
ognize him not as the gentleman from
Pennsylvania, but the gentleman from
Philadelphia.
Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. FLOOD. I ield.
r. mti.0iP.ovsacz. I also wish to
join the gentleman from Pennsylvania
in his remarks and would just like to
point out that at the time this Katyn
Massacre Committee was appointed
there was a great deal of doubt in the
minds of some Members of Congress as
to whether or not it could serve any use-
ful purpose. However, history has told
us that that Committee has served a
tremendously useful purpose. It has
been my privilege to have been back of
the Iron Curtain twide since then.
I know that everyone behind the Iron
Curtain knows the great work done by
that committee, and I think the com-
mittee proposed now can do a great serv-
ice for our Nation and for the cause
of freedom everywhere.
One of the weaknesses of our policy is
that we have frequently indicated our
sympathy with people behind the Iron
Curtain, but we have never yet developed
the right kind of policy with regard to
those people. A committee of the kind
the gentleman is suggesting could do a
great service for this Nation and for the
cause of freedom throughout the world.
Mr. FLOOD. May I say to the gentle-
man from Michigan, Mr. Speaker, he
served with me invaluably upon the
committee making the Katyn massacre
investigation, and may I remind you.
Mr. Speaker, his name is MACHROWICZ.
He has the honor and served bravely
and nobly with the Polish armed forces
before our country was in the war,
and fought communism with his blood
and his strong right arm with the
armed forces of the motherland from
which his people came. So he yields
to no one in Ins awareness of the dan-
gers and evils of atheistic communism
and in patriotism and love of our
country.
(Mr. RODINO (at the request of Mr.
JoimsoN of Colorado) was given permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD.)
Mr. RODIN?. Mr. Speaker, I am
pleased to join with the Congressman
from Pennsylvania in sponsoring a reso-
lution to establish a House Committee
on Captive Nations.
As cosponsor of the recent captive na-
tions resolution which was a,pproved by
the House last spring, I believe that this
is a most appropriate followup to dem-
onstrate to the Soviet Union and to the
world our continuing and persistent con-
cern with the fate of the captive peoples.
The captive nations, as has been
pointed out on the floor today, consti-
tute a powerful and effective third force
in our fight against Communist tyranny.
The establishment of a House commit-
tee to deal exclusively with the problems
of the captive nations will give new heart
and courage to these oppressed peoples
and will reassure them that we shall
continue to use every peaceful means
to restore them to independence and
freedom.
Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to compliment the distinguished
-gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr.
FLOOD] on his introduction of the reso-
lution to create a House Committee on
Captive Nations, and I would like to as-
sociate myself with his remarks. As a
cosponsor of the resolution expressing
the sense of Congress that the subject
of the captive nations be discussed at
the summit conference, I am particu-
larly pleased to support this measure. It
Is especially significant at this time in
view of the tragic scuttling of the sum-
mit conference by the Communists.
Among the most glaring contradictions
to the claims of the Communists that
theirs is the flower-strewn road to the
future is the existence of the captive
nations which adorn the periphery of the
Soviet State. In not one of these coun-
tries did communism assume control of
the government with the consent of the
majority. In not one of these countries
was the path to power of the Commu-
nists marked by anything but human
misery, privation, and death. The very
existence of the captive nations gives the
lie to the pretensions of the Communists
about the benefits of their brutal system.
Stripped of their treasure and forced to
bow to military and economic tyranny,
the captive nations present a tragic ex-
hibit of what the rest of the world can
expect from Communist domination.
Their story is a grim warning to the
free nations but it is also a challenge.
We cannot let others become captives of
the Communists and we must offer every
hope to the already enslaved 'toencour-
age their adherence to freedom, that
they will eventually regain their inde-
pendence. Just as we undertake to plan
strategy to counter Communist efforts
here at home and to prevent its expan-
sion abroad, so must we likewise con-
sider how we can best assist the captive
nations in their deep-seated desire to
reachieve their freedom. The investi-
gation and study that the proposed com-
mittee can make in this field can be of
immeasurable benefit to future policy
formulation. In addition, its activities
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- HOUSE 164 65
can prride all of us with a deeper ceded far beyond his, and their, ex-
knOwledge of the problems and condi- peefations.
tions with which the peoples of these For he fought the good fight that not
only benefited the letter carriers, but
provided the leadership that indirectly
strengthened the prestige and raised the
living standards of every Federal em-
ploye,.
We congratulate Pete Cahill on his
long and constructive career and his
many accomplishments in behalf of
every letter carrier in the Nation.
We know that the many years of re-
tirement that stretch ahead will be
blessed with every happiness and cumir-
merit for Peter Cahill, in return for his
faith and pride in his fellow human
beings.
nations must cape.
Mr. Speaker, I want ,to endorse the
proposal by:our colleague and"I hope that
the FIOUse ivJU,seqAt:01adopk_his reso-
lution in the time tiat yet remains be-
Tore we adjourn. -
COMMITTEE C)N PorzttoN AFFAIRS
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Foreign Affairs may sit this afternoon
during special orders.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
Objection to the request of the gentle-
man from Pennsylvania?
There was no objection.
-
?HETIHEMENT, OF PETER J. CA-
HILL, SECHETARY-THEASTIREH,
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LET-
CARRIERS
(Mr. LANE asked and was given per-
intssion to address the House -for 1 min-
ute, and to revise and exiend his re-
marks.) ,
? Mr. LANE. IVfr. Speaker, one of the
Most able leacters of Federal employee
groups, arid one who has honored me
with his friendship, has reached the
mandatory retirement age of 65. This
, week, at the Cincinnati convention of
the National Association of Letter Car-
riers, Secretary-Treasurer Peter J. Ca-
hill will round out a career that began 47
years ago when he went to work for the
Post Office Department in Boston.
From personal experience he learned
that the lot of a letter Carrier was not
an easy one, and he determined to doi
something about it. He joined the
NALC where his intelligence, his initia-
tive, and his courage singled him out as a
natural representative for his fellow
workers. _
He gave his heart and soul to the un-
relenting efforts of improving the work-
ing conditions and wages of the letter
carriers. This loyalty and devotion to
their best interests won increasing rec-
ognition, finally resulting in his election
as national secretary. It is significant
that, in 1956, when the offices of secre-
tary and treasurer were consolidated,
Peter Cahill was the first man chosen to
shoulder that dual responsibility.
It is no mere coincidence that the
NALC has made such progress, both in
its organizational growth, and in the
promotion of its ,programs during the
time that he was a national officer. For
he never spared himself. His enqrgY
and his sincerity impressed everyone he
?gm met, and lifted the esprit de corps of
the NALC to an alltime high.
I was a frequent companion of his on
many plane trips between Boston and
Washington, and so I came to know his
personal interest in the letter carriers
who were his second family, and of his
earnest desire to help them in every pos-
sible way.
The greatest satisfaction that he takes
with him into retirement is that he suc-
BOYD LEEDOM
(Mr. l'ItOMPS'ON of New Jersey asked
and was given permission to extend his
remarks at this point iri the RECORD, and
Include extraneous matter.)
Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr.
Speaker, it has recently come to my at-
tention that Boyd Leedom, Chairman of
the National Labor Relations Board, is
actively engaging in partisan politics. To
my mind his conduct raises grave ques-
tions of propriety, which I should like
to outline to the House.
As the Members of the House are of
course aware, the National Labor Re-
lations Board is an independent agency
having important semi-judicial func-
tions. It administers the National La-
bor Relations Act, that is, the Wagner
Act as amended by the Taft-Hartley and
Landrum-Griffin Acts. That is a highly
controversial piece of legislation, and
the labor disputes which come before the
Board for adjudication are often of such
a nature that they arouse intense par-
tisanship. I doubt that anyone will
question that the Board should be com-
prised of fair-minded members who are
not themselves partisans of either labor
or management.
Indeed the Board itself has always
been most insistent on its neutral, ju-
dicial role. Successive Chairmen of the
Board have, for example, declined on this
ground to express to the Congress any
views on substantive amendments to the
National Labor Relations Act. When
Mr. Leedom appeared before the Senate
Subcommittee on Labor last year, he
started out like this: ?
As you know from my previous appearances
here we are not proponents of any legislation
particularly. /n fact, we, as quasi-judicial
officers, prefer to stay out of the policy area of
legislation.
However, Boyd Leedom is not merely
Chairman of the National Labor Rela-
tions Board. He is also general chair-
man of a Mundt for Senate committee.
In this latter capacity he has circulated
a letter which I would like to read to the
House:
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SOUTH DAKOTANS
MUNDT FOR SENATE COMMITTEE,
Washington, D.C., June 7, 1960.
DEAR FELLOW AMERICAN: One of the most
Important Senate races this year will take
place in South Dakota where Congressman
McGovzsa\r, a protege of Senator HUBERT
ItOmfmazi and the tiiing to nnseat
Senator KARL MUNDT.
I know that it is not necessary to list for
you the many accomplishments of Senator
KARL MUNDT. All of us know of the grand
fight which he has made for economy and
,sanity, in Government over the last 12 years
In the Senate and for 10 years before that in
the House -Of ltee'sefitativeg. Fre -lias be-
come a recognized leader in the battle against
the encroachments of socialistic schemes
in America. South Dakota and the Nation
cannot afford to lose from its Senate ranks
this true defehder of constitutional govern-
Senator MUNDT has an especially tough
campaign since certain labor leaders have
announced that he is on their purge list.
These labor leaders are making many thou-
sands of dollars available to his opponent.
KARL CahhOt hope to match these labor dol-
lars with his own and is doing his best with
the limited funds he has available to carry on
DUCeessItli campaign in South Dakota.
We South Dakotans who live in the Dis-
trict and the distinguished Members of the
House and the Senate who comprise an hon-
orary committee are sponsoring a recogni-
tion luncheon for Senator MUNDT at the
Plaza Room of the Continental Hotel at 12:30
noon on June 27, 1060. Your generous assist-
ance to make this testimonial to Senator
MUNDT a success is needed.
Please return your contribution of $50 or
more in the enclosed envelope and indicate
on the enclosed card whether or not you will
be in attendance at the luncheon so that the
committee can make the necessary reserva-
tions. For each $50 contribution a luncheon
reservation will be made if you so desire.
Sincerely yours,
BOYD LEEDOM, ?
General Chairman.
ROWLAND JONES,
Chairman, Men's Division.
VIVIAN ANDERSON,
Chairman, Women's Division.
This activity of Mr. Leedom raises to
my mind two important questions.
In the first place it suggests the pos-
sibility that the Hatch Act may be in
need of clarification as to whether it
bars partisan political activity by per-
sons occupying positions such as that
held by Mr. Leedom. The Hatch Act
provides that?
No officer or employee in the executive
branch of the Federal Government, or any
agency or department thereof, shall take any
active part in political management or in
political campaigns. * * *
It goes on, however, to exempt from
this prohibition four classes of office
holders including:
(4) officers who are appointed by the
President, by and with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate, and who determine
policies to be pursued by the United States
in its relations with foreign powers or in the
nationwide administration of Federal laws.
I do not know whether or not mem-
bers of quasi-judicial agencies are re-
garded as coming within this excepted
category. The language of the statute
looks as if it is only meant to exempt
from the Hatch Act presidential ap-
pointees having major policyforming
roles, rather than members of independ-
ent quasi-judicial agencies who carry
out policies enacted by the Congress in
legislation.
Whatever the proper construction of
the present law, it seems to me that it
Is highly debatable whether members
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CONORESSIONAt ItEU3IRD ? HOUSE
qua.s -judicial agencies
e prMitt fo cnelfilge in par-
cal actlytty? It is my im-
egaon that appointees to Federal
boards and commissions have in general
refrained from such activities. I can-
, nottrecall any fund-raising activities
o
onD arable to Mr. L '
Clertaken by membersQcloef 2thesC115eifinl g n-
Aeuro-
nutaics Board, or the Vederii 'Trade
Commission, or even the Federal Com-
mthications Commission. As far as I
cari learn Mx.'Leedoin's predecessors on
,thtre rained from actively engaging in
_Labor Bord have without exceptionrefrained
itles while members fthet Gard.
iyitseednd The
h think that they were welld
? laws which these agencies
atunnuster are thems s products of
the Politica process' and it is difficult to
e
see how a person administering these
laws can actively participate in partisan
Politics without casting doubt on his
loa.Wisw. Impartiality in administering the
.That b brings me to the second issue
raised y Chairman Leedom's activities.
Mr. Leedom's letterwhich I have read
to the l
iouse, indicates. to me that he is
antiunion. Mr. Leedom's letter declares
that Senator Mvivor is a leader in the
battle against "the encroachments of so-
cialistic, schemes in America," and it
46es: on to say that Senator MIINDE has
an especially tough campaign "since
ee.rtain labor leaders have announced
that heis en their purge list." Lee-
d-nnl's letter then stateS, on what au-
thority X do not know, that these un-
identified labor leaders are making
annstrli moustwavila i oofppdoOnielanit..s available to
seao
This is antiunion propaganda pure
and simple. Mr. Leedom has a Perfect
right holdantiunion views, and to
ep:easthemhutihequalifedtohead
a quasi-judicial agency which adjudi-
.
Cates disputes between unions and em-
ployers? If I were a union man I would
not,. want Mr. Leedom as my judge. He
has openly Proclaimed 'his antiunion
bias,
-
It is also pertinent' to consider the
Identity of Leedom's associate in this
political fundraising drive. As I stated,
Mr. Leedom signed these fund-soliciting
letters as "teneral Chairman of a
MUNDT for Senate Committee." They
are also signed by Rowland Jones as
"Chairman, Men's Division."
Who is this Rowland Jones? I should
suppose that there are very few Mem-
bers of this House who do not know who
Mr. Jones is. He is the president of the
American Retail Federation. He has
been very active for many years as an
employer lobbyist on labor legislation.
The Landrum-Griffin Act passed last
years testifies to his effectiveness.
Just what sort of man is Boyd Leedom
that he sees no impropriety in engaging
in a political fundraising venture in
partnership with a lobbyist for an em-
ployer association? Let me ask this:
How would employers feel if the Chair-
man of the National Labor Relations
Board engaged in fundraising activities
on behalf of a Senator notably friendly
to unions and in conjunction with a un-
ion official? I can tell you: They would
scream to the high heaven. I would not
blame them.
I frankly cannot understand how any-
one can condpne pr excuse Leedom's con-
duct in this matter. It seems to me that
even Mr. Leedom should have enough
discretion and sense of propriety to re-
sign. If he does not do so voluntarily,
the President should call for his resig-
nation.
However, it is apparent that discretion
is not Leedom's forte, and the Congress,
too, has a responsibility in this matter.
For that reason I am today introducing
a resolution directing and authorizing
the House Labor Committee to look into
the matter of partisan political activity
by the Chairman of the National Labor
Relations Board.
NINETEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTY-
NINE CROP PRICE SUPPORT COM-
MODITY LOANS
(Mr. AVERY (at the request of Mr.
Moms) was given permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to includetmatter.)
August 25.
Mr. AVERY. Mr. Speaker, in.view of
the many statements made by respon-
sible persons in the Democratic Party
over their concern for the small farmer,
it is difficult for me to understand why
this Congress had deliberately refused to
extend a limitation on Commodity Credit
Corporation loans for the 1961 crops.
The Banking and Currency Committee
ha's refused to even hold hearings on
H.R. 9303 and the Agriculture Subcom-
mittee of the Appropriations Committee
repelled my effort to extend the limita-
tion place on the appropriation bill for
fiscal 1960 to the appropriation for the
Department of Agriculture for fiscal
1961. The end result, of course, will be
that the large corporation farmers that
are listed below or other borrowers of
comparable amounts will again exploit
the resources of the Commodity Credit
Corporation for the 1961 crop and this
exploitation will be charged to the De-
partment of Agriculture. There will
follow the usual demand next year for
further relief for the average size mid-
western frontier. Here is one opportunity
we have missed.
The failure to take action by the 86th
Congress is in direct conflict with the
announced aims and objectives of the
Democratic Party for agriculture and I
think this is an appropriate and effec-
tive means to so advise the farmers of
America.
Further, Mr. Speaker, at the time of
the debate on the floor of the House in
1959 on imposing this $50,000 limitation,
several Members insisted most of these
loans were repaid and, therefore, no loss
was sustained by the Commodity Credit
Corporation. The table below and
others on file in my office clearly indi-
cate that the large loans are only rarely,
if ever, repaid and thereby a great loss
is imposed on the taxpayer and again
charged to the Department of Agricul-
ture.
Mr. Speaker, although only the loans
in excess of $50,000 are indicated on the
tables below, I have on file in my office
and in the Department of Agriculture,
a list pf loans over $25,000 and also an
indication whether or not they have
been repaid.
f?S DEPARTMENT Or 'AcnicurrunE COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION
1959 crop corn price support loans' made of $25,000 or more and amount repaid by producer
.Producer
Address
-
Bushels
pledged
Amount
loaned
Amount
repaid
Producer
Address
Bushels
pledged
Amount
loaned
Amount
repaid
2sf. 4. a, Prankalva Co............
'
Vote Farms, Inc., care of L. b.
_ Corkins, president.
Tallies r outz?
reighion Bros , ,. _ _
Overin?r Perms, Inc
.
1arpW & bole Duncanson
CALIFORNIA
Isleton
mr-Innis
St. Anne
San Tose
INDLS.NA
Warsaw._
Wolcott
KURIEBOTA.
Mapleton
42, 858
161, 936
53, 760
51, 830
46, 100
60, 466
$54, 001. 08
182, M. 68
61, 286. 40
58, 567. 90
52, 093.00
62, 884. 64
Myers Farms
Alber Painton Co., Inc
Morrison & Quirk
J. R. Brown
Ned Tyson
Bob Hawthorne and Dr. 0. A.
Kostal.
Ernest and Robert E. Hundahl
MISSOURI
Brunswick__
Ethnic
NEBRASKA
Harvard
Clarks
Herman
Giltner
Tekarnah
63,000
49, 869
80, 000
70,100
71, 508
47, 455
46,894
$73, 710. 00
57, 848. 04
88, 000. 00
84, 643. 42
77, 228.64
50, 776. 85
50, 176. 58
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