THE CUBAN BLOCKAGE: AN ADMIRAL'S MEMOIR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00901R000600090008-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 11, 2005
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: January 1, 1982
• Content Type: OPEN

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10:P. SF. I N G T ON Q 1JATY
CT a for STRATEGIC and 11, i
GEOR=OINT UNIVERSITY
AUTUKN 1982
47=1: AFFS.A.RZZ
CR ?.GE 5-)7
George Anderson. U.S. Nat). admiral
(retired , was chief of Isaal operations from
1951 to 19.63. He later served as
ambassador to Portugal. and as chairman of
the Presiders!' s Foreign Intelligence
Advisory Board from 1969 to 1977. This
interview was conducted by Brian Dickson of
CSIS and Devon Gaffnry, associate editor of
The Washington Quarterly.
R000600090008-8
STAT
An Interview v
Admiral George Anderson
Twenty years after the Cuban
blockade, the then chief of
naval operatiorzi reflects on
whether the U.S. benefited
from the outcome of the crisis
and whether it could be
successful today under similar
circumstances.
The Cuban
Blockade:
An Admiral's
Memoir
TWQ: This autumn marks the twentieth an-
niversary of the Cuban missile crisis, when
the United States and the Soviet Union ap-
proached the brink of nuclear war. The inci-
dent is widely regarded as an American vic-
tory, for the Soviet Union withdrew the
medium and intermediate ballistic missiles
that caused the crisis. Do you concur with
that judgment?
ANDERSON: The Cuban missile crisis was
one of a series of conflicts between the So-
viet Union and the United States over Cuba
going back to the overthrow of Fulgenrio
Batista by Fidel Castro in 1958 and the sub-
sequent support of Castro by the Soviet
Union and the Communist party, and later by
the dramatic incident of the Bay of Pigs in
1961. In 1962, the Soviet Union decided to
move to enhance its strategic position vis-i-
vis the United States by introducing offen-
sive nuclear-capable weapons into Cuba, in-
cluding ballistic missiles and intermediate-
range bombers.
The basic and consistent strategy of the
Soviet Union in its foreign policy is to create
or exploit situations that pose to its adver-
saries only risky or disadvantageous courses
of action, while retaining the option of re-
treat for itself, if necessary, and thus the al-
ternative of restoring no worse than the
status quo ante. The Kremlin pursued this
strategy in October 1962.
In contrast, the enduring objectives of
every government of the United States in any
crisis must be to provide for the common
defense, to promote the general welfare, and
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VASHINOTON QUAR.,,77A-
CENTER for STRATEGIC and IITTERNATI
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSri'Y
AUTUMN 1982
Asnrricre APFTAEND.
O?IG3 IFX
Rd.% 5 Clint is a senior associate at CSIS
an d ,focrnertl% soled as cirpur; director for
intelligence at Me CIA and director qf the
bureau ot Inielbeence and Research ai the
Slate Deportment. Hu latest book, The CIA:
Rea.ht Versus Myth (Washangion: Acropolis
Book s. 19S: contains an earlier version of
thts reminiscence.
Ray S. Cline
National euphoria over
successful conclusion o
Cuban missile crisis, argues a
former key CIA analyst, at the
time may have contributed to
decreasing U.S. concern for
intelligence assessment in
subsequent years.
A CIA
Reminiscence
The CIA's deputy director for intelligence
(DDI) supervises the sorting and study of the
flood of information reaching this country
from all sources, sifting the wheat from the
chaff, the signals from the noise. He is the
highest-ranking full-time intelligence analyst
in Washington. He is responsible for keeping
meaningful intelligence flowing to the whok
national security community and for letting
his boss, the Director of Central Intelligence
(DCI), and the DCI's boss, the president,
know what is going on in the turbulent world
of foreign geopolitics and actual or potential
threats of military action.
Among the most crucial are the LOCO men
and women working in the National Photo-
graphic Intelligence Center (NP1C), where in
1962 high-flying U-2 and satellite reconnais-
sance photography received its initial readout
after each flight. '
In 1962, 1 served as DDI under John A.
McCone, and on a normal day at my desk on
the seventh floor in the Langley headquarters
building, hundreds of pieces of information
were called to my attention in one way or
another to make sure I perceived the strategic
implications and tried to communicate them
to the director, Secretary of Stifle Dean
Rusk, Secretary of Defense Robert McNa-
tnara, Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy, and
President John F. Kennedy.
Late in the afternoon of October 15, 1962,
coy secure (scrambled) phone rang and 8 se-
nior officer at NPIC cast all the many other
thoughts and preoccupations of the DDI out
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Approved For Release AffillN8thr9VMSPA9k9pACEI
27 MAY 1982
00600090008-8
Ex-CIA Boss McCone, Now Retired,
Keeps His Eye on the Spy Business
By Kevin Howe
Herald Staff Writer
While 38 nations operate major inter-
national intelligence-gathering serv-
ices, only two ? the United States and
West Germany ? admit to it.
And while the public image of the
intelligence agent was formed years
ago by the glamorous James Bond nov-
els and movies, the main work of in-
telligence groups is pretty dull, though
vital, stuff.
John A. McCone of Pebble Beach is in
a position to know. He served as direc-
tor of the U.S. Central Intelligence
Agency from 1961 to 1965, under Presi-
dents Kennedy and Johnson.
Highest Award
Though retired, he still keeps "in
constant touch" with the CIA and last
Saturday received what may be the
highest accolade given anyone in the
espionage business, the William J.
Donovan Award, named for Gen. "Wild
Bill" Donovan, founder of the? CIA's
predecessor, the Office of Strategic
Services (OSS) of World War H fame.
The Donovan Award has been given'
14 times since World War IL British
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
was the prior recipient, and the award
is made by a 14-member committee of
the OSS Association, by unanimous
vote only.
McCone was honored for his contri-
bution to the introduction of tech-
nological advances in intelligence gath-
ering, but he said, in an interview
Wednesday, that it was probably as
much in recognition of his long service
to the intelligence community.
He sees the CIA and other govern-
ment intelligence services as coming
out from under a cloud cast over them
by public controversy that began in the
Nixon administration. The cloud ap-
pears to be subsiding, and, according to
McCone, that's a good thing.
Political Purposes
"I attribute the great majority of
criticism of the CIA and the intelli-
gence community to political pur-
poses," he said, "and I think some ele-
ments in Congress felt that in raising
the issue of foreign intelligence oper-,
ations, they could generate a great po-
litical issue, and indeed, they gave the
intelligence community a bad time for
two or three years, and in doing so very
seriously affected the national
security.
"It seems to have passed now."
McCone said he feels public, press
and Congress have come to realize that
the United States' leaders must have
the benefit of' the very special knowl-
edge" available through the CIA and
other agencies "to make decisions for
the national security."
He commented that while the United
States and West Germany admit to run-
ning spy networks, the rest won't even
identify their services by name, and the
Soviet Union, which "has the most ex-
tensive intelligence service in the
world," won't admit that its KGB spies
on anybody.
But the people in the business, he
said, know all about it, "and that's the
facts of life."
Secrecy is necessary to operate in-
telligence-gathering effectively, he
said, and it's used not only at the inter-
national level, but down at the local law
enforcement level as well.
Guidelines Controversial
Attempts to draft guidelines for oper-
ating the CIA have been controversial,
he said, though Attorney General Wil-
liam French Smith said at the awards
dinner in San Francisco Saturday that
the Reagan administration is planning
to present guidelines that should work.
While there is not a great deal of ,
curiosity on the part of government of-
ficials about CIA operations and proce-
dures, he said, the Freedom of Infor-
mation Act, "which I think is one of the
most unfortunate pieces of legislation
ever put on the books," give "the in-
quisitive, the curious and the enemies
of this country" an opportunity to
probe into sensitive knowledge that de-
serves to be carefully guarded.
But the CIA isn't men in trenchcoats
"with switchblades in dark alleys, and
beautiful women," he said. "What is
not understood is the very, very great
importance of the analytical side of the
intelligence effort; the ability to take a
mass of information from a variety of
sources . . . putting it together in an
analysis, collating, interpreting, and
Approved For ReleastrinEttaingtOON9litl R000600090008-8
Sources of Information
Information from satellite photo-
graphs, publications, intercepted mes-
sages, agricultural and educational re-
ports, reports of eyewitnesses, all goes
into the mill and is processed by a
small army of specialists at CIA head-
quarters in Langley, Va., he said.
Involved are "men of the highest in-
tellectual standards of every possible
discipline," he said, "historians, ling-
uists in many languages, persons famil-
iar with the intimate geogripiff of
countries, mathematicians . . ."
Not only the military capability of
nations, but their economic, manufac-
turing, educational and agricultural po-
tentials are under study he said.
"But that's not very sexy," McCone
remarked.
Commenting on recent events in the
news, he noted that the United States
"had no alternative but to support Brit-
ain" in the Falkland Islands crisis,
since "failing to do so would mean that
we wouldn't support the U.N., who in-
dicted the Argentines as aggressors."
He said heavy ship losses by the Brit-
ish fleet in that action will probably
mean a lot of rethinking about the fu-
ture of surface ships in naval warfare.
Though McCone, who headed the Cal-
ifornia Shipbuilding Corp. during World
War II, added that every nation lost
hundreds of ships of all kinds in those
days.
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NEW YORK TIMES
ART OLE APPLARED 22 MARCH 1982
01.4 PAGE
STAT
1R000600090008-8
Notes on People
r ?
Former Chief of C.I.A. Honored by 0.S.8. Veterans
The William .1.- Donovan Award,
named for the late major general who
founded the Office of Strategic Serf,- .?
ices during World War II, is given by
0.S.S. veterans each year to those who
have rendered singular and distin-
guished service to the United States,,,,
though not necessarily in the intent- "
gence field.
Previous winners, for example,
have included the late Senator Everett
Dirksen of Illinois, the Apollo 11 astro-
nauts and Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher of?Britain. .
This year's winner, however, does
have a background in intelligence. He
is Jan A. McCone, the California in-
dustrialist whose various government
positions included a stint as Director
. of Central Intelligence. The Central
Intelligence Agency, which he headed,-,
was an outgrowth of the wartime
0.S.S. - - ? -4:
- The award will be Presented May: 22?
at a dinner in San Francisco, where;.
. the SO-year-old Mr. McCone makes his i
- home: To help assure its success, the
veterans organization has persuaded-
-two former medal winners, former
-President Gerald R.- Ford and William.
J. Casey, the current Director of Cen-
tral Intelligence, to serve as chairmen
of the dinner.
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3
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r7 ARED
ON
THE WASHINGTON POST
4 February 1982
000600090008-8
pEr2; The Washington Po;t - - ,
By Bob Woodward and Patrick E. Tyler ee
WaShillgtOn PO3t ` :
President- John Fe?-iKennecly secretly
recorded about 600 of his-,,White House:
meetings and telephone conversations duringe
the last 16 months of his presidency?ap-
parentlywithout the knowledge of other par-c.
ticipants.
It has been known for Several years that:,
Kennedy recorded someT meetings and phone,
conversations from his White House days
but the extent of the recordings, the names.,
of the participants and the subject mattes'
'have
have never been discloe,ed:-: ' - ?
A 29-page log obtained by The Washing-,
ton Post from the Kennedy Library in Bog;
ton -shows the recordings were made from;
July, 1962, until November; 1963, the month,'
Kennedy wai" aseassinked: The tapes con-
tain a vast amount of Unreleased infanta-.
tion, including many highly classified meet-
ings of the National , Security -Council on
such subjects as the Cubanmissile crisis,;-;
Berlin and yietnam,- and high-level discus-e
sions of domestic Ontroversies such as- the
1962 integration of the University of Missis-
sippi.
, There are recordings of 325 meetings in-,-
the Oval Office or-the Cabinet room and an_:"
other 275 personal telephone conversations
,
Kennedy had with family memberi, his Cab-
inet, White House staff, former presidents,
legislators, world leaders'and diplomats.
The disclosure of a secret Oval Office tap-
ing ystem maintained by President Richard
M. Nixon became a?sensational element in-
the Watergate scandal. Those tapes eventu-
ally provided evidence for the impeachment:
proceedings that led to Nixon's resignation
in 1974. At least two other 'presidents;
:Lyndon B. Johnson and Franklin-fl. Rd
sevelt, also taped private conversations in
the White House, but the full scope of JFK's -
taping system has not been widely knoWn.
"It iSbound to become Apperinreeisi Sordil
on how John F.--Kennedy's mind worked,"
said Dan H.-Fenn Jr.; director-of the Keil_
s,t. and pieliminary transcripts, made-by archly-
list-Toyer the last several years', are kept. The
?Washington Post has overthe last several
years requested access to the tapes but it has
been denied because of classificAtion and
:privacy considerations...Fenn said that some
of the tapes and transcripts of the record-
ings, donated to the library by the-Kennedy
family in 1976, will be made available in the
e: near future.. Burke Marshall, a former assist:.
e:-ant attorney general in the Kennedy admin.,.
? istretion and head of a three-member corn-
Mittee that controls release 'of material frern
othe' Kennedy Library, said last night: `.,4.Our.
position is going to be that we should !veil-
this material in an orderly fashion." ,
He said he could not set a time frame for-
this process, but added that transcripts are:
being made and that many will have to un-.
! dergo a declassification review by the Na-
tional Security Council. -
Evelyn Lincoln, Kennedy's.. personal
i White House secretary, and several Secret
Service agents who installed and maintained
, the system of recordings were the-only ones
who knew the full details of the secret-re.'
...cording system, aecording to-well-informed
officials. -
- "I was the engineer," Lincoln said in. a re-_
'!cent interview:, Lincoln said Kennedy had a.
switch in his office that activated a red light
at her desk. That was the signal, she said; tc
Aegin the recording System.- According to:
:Lincoln, if the red light went on when Ken-.
nedy was on the phone, she was- to record
ithe' conversation on the dictabelt systeni
hooked into his phone. If the light went on:
:when he was in the Oval office or the Cabe.
jnet room, she-was to start the regular taping-,
system for those rooms. The log-
from the Kennedy 1LibrareelindicateS.
? there may also have beeneSome
.-Cordings made Study in the:-
-president's.. residence:- But one per-
. scily knowledgeable about the taping
system. said he believed i=there was
lease 2(pOtti4J2814 ttiArfklE)fli
jrig?s? were 'made., or Kenne cone
e.ilersations
e- "He waseVery-? conscious of histo-
ry," Lincoln mid. "He was - always
wanting to get exactly what was said
to pinpoint precisely what- Was
said., These _were for hietory: are dhe I
wanted to have them for that-and he
never once went back and listened to
, ?
Theodoree C".? Sorensen; -.special
:'counsel to Kennedy and 1 probably
-his closest aide, was shown .a cdpy of
the log- last-f' Month. dumb-
founded," Sorensen said, adding:that
he had no idea whatsoever that such-
recordings were being made.
The log- listing each reCording
reads like a Who's Who of the early,
, "1960s: It includes.. recordings made
'between Kennedy and the following: ,
;his " wife:,Jacqueline :Kennedy-- his
:brothers Robert- F. Kennedy. and
Edward M. Kennedy; former pres-
'idents Dwight a Eisenhower-and
Harry S. Truman; his vice president,
'Johnson; Sens. Barry Goldwatene
Hubert H. Humphrey, Henry- NI.:
:Jackson and William Fuibright;
Senate Majority Leader Mike Mans-:
field, House-Speaker John We'
rIelcCorenack, ? Secretary of State-
-Dean ,Rtisk, Secretary of Defense ,
-Robert S. McNari-taea, national se-
' corky :adviser - :McGeorge ?-? Bundy,
'CIA Director John A. McCone; var-
lous military leaders, e rrigiiding
-Chairman of the -Joint I Chiefs of ?
Staff Maxwell -Taylor and-' Gen:
Douglas MacArthur:
Lik?
res id en Ls' Who- 'Cam. e'a (ter.
I him. Kennedy r_IgAllagd the "use of
polygraphs in tracing defense leaks"
with- his defense secretarveaccordg i
Jo cmt,:_ log entr a eued
? Concerned about. "keeping the CIA
out of the Peace Corps:" according to
00060,009B60846...e it. e; tee-, e.e.eeee,i
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Li _TT ...127-SARED
ON PAG 4/
THE WASHINGTON POST
4 February 1982
0008-8
Logs Are a Tantalizing Lig of Name ,4 of the Era \
1W4The Wa5hington Pret
BY David S. Broder and Haynes Johnson
.? Wash Ingtonr PO:11.Statf Writers ?
'--,The Kennedy tapes, an extensive elec-
tronic evocation of a crucial era in Amer-
ican life now come to light:a generation
,later, are certain, tcr,become a- preeminent
historical source-Land: another political
s controversy swirling arOund.liother. presLident
-
?:-$.1!;T
Even in their fragmentary form, the'.
logs of John-F Kennedy's 'secret record-
ings are riveting both for what they
indi-
cateandlor what remains unknown..
They list, in stark chronolosical fashion,:
the leadiirg personalities.. and the great
issues that were being .-discussed during-
Kennedy'Sfateful last 16Months in office
Wh*they,fail to relateremains even
:more tcintalizing?what was actually being
recorded. in bothphone conversations and
.; personal' meetings, many Of which dealt:.
,iwith ;then, highly classified subjects..
* * * * *
But some- of the -rne-St-iiitriguing
items, for the curious if not for the
scholars, may be personal items. On
March 4, 1963, the president and his
brother, Robert,, discussed -"press
reports and press gossip,' along with
"[then CIA director John McCone's
testimon on the Cuban missile
crisis."
.EXCL.'.7?..PTED
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ART IMF., .1:11.PPEAJ,'RLD
ON PAGE
for
THE WASHINGTON POST
4 August 1981
MONTE RIO, Calif.
Late in the last century a few San
Francisco newspapermen with 'a love
of poetry and good liquor founded
the Bohemian Club to swim and
shoot and run around naked and live
with their buddies in old cabins. A
lot of that still goes.on, but the need
to raise 'money= has brought,' a new
and vastly more powerful' clientele
into the club. -Over the years they
have raised summer camp to new
In 1928, for instance? Herbert
Hoover was beseiged in his tent at
"Cave Man" (the cabin group that
now includes .Richard Nixon) and
asked by hundreds-. of fellow, campers
to run for president. In the early
1.9403 a few fellows pushing twigs
around the campfire here decided to
build an atom bomb, they say. Right
here in 1979 Alexander M. Haig Jr.
launched his bid for the presidency. -
With the current U.S. president
(he's a member of "Owl's Nest"), the
vice president and two 'former pres-
idents all club members, this has
been a rugged summer for the Bo-
hemian Club. Reporters -tried to get
in. (Two burly security men, in T- -
shirts escorted me back to my 'car.)
P;otesters demonstrated outside the
gate. But activities during the two-
week 1981 "encampment," as they
call it, continued undisturbed deep
in the woods on their 2,700-acre
tract.
According to thvsummer camp
prograrn:_kindlY provided, bY Bohe-
mian Club critics with friends on the
staff inside, Defense Secretary Cas-
par W. Weinberger spoke July 17 on
"Rearming America? As is- custom-
ary, no word of his remarks reached
the outside. The same held for tele-
vision producer Don Ingalls' talk on
the inside story of his show, "Fan-
tasy Island," Caltech president Mar-.
yin L. Gokiberger's speech on "Space.
Wars: Fact vs. -Fancy," 'astronauts
Frank Crippen and .John M: Young
on the. space shuttle and Arthur
Hailey on "Joys anAlkiegijsoc0Fthe
Author." -
03/v ere,
oe rfi PI
,ns
STAT
00600090008-8
The various _ cabin groups into
which the members are divided show
letter From
California
an interesting clash of cultures. Con-
sider the membership of "Man-
delay," the group with the best quar-
ters, and, the 'staff says, the most
servants:
? San Francisco business executives
S.D.- Bechtel' Sr. and Jr., Hillsbo-
rough businessman and Shirley
Temple husband Charles A. Black,
tire magnate Leonard Firestone, for-
mer Nixon aide Peter M. Flanigan,
former: President Gerald R. Ford,
forraei,`-, Pan Am chief Najeeb ?
Halabi,': metals tycoons Edgar,, F.'
Kaiser Sr. and Jr., former secretary
of state Henry A. Kissinger, former
. CIA director John A. McCone, for-
mer diplomat Herman Phieger and
his son Atherton, former labor and
treasury, secretary George P. ,Shultz
and Attorney . General William
-French Smith, among others.
Despite a number of rumors to
the contrary, Neither President
Reagan nor Vice President Bush
made it to camp this year, which is
too bad. Members make a real effort
to put everyone at ease. Autographs
are banned, and photographs dis-
couraged.
= Many Senior camperS, including
former diplomat George W. Ball,
dressed up in red-hooded robes and
torched a coffin. symbolizing. "Dull
Care" while a member orchestra
played funeral dirges, the program
said. It took them five tries to light
the thing, after pouring kerosene all
over it, but it was a spectacular
sight.
Some spoilsports at the California
Department. of Fair Employment
and Housing tried to force the club
to hire female waitressee. But the
membera. defended their feminist
Consciousness. After all, they do
dress up in drag fin' the "Low Jinks"
.and"High4inks" shows at the camp...,
A small group of local people,
many of them opponents of nuclear
power and supporters of women's
rights, also set up a "vigil" outside
the camp gates this summer. Mary
Moore, 46, an owner of the consign-
ment .shop in nearby Occidental,
said that the group wished to remind
people "that the good old boy net-
work is perpetuated this.way." Their
coalition of _ local citizens groups
charge that Bohemian Grove is a
place "where these men, in anonym-
ity and without public scrutiny,
make policy decisions and sustain
contacts that often have catastrophic
effects on our daily lives and, indeed;
on the life of, our planet." ?
The parking lot, which I caught a
-glimpse of, is impressive, a vast ex-
pause of metal under the trees: A
poem in the club newspaper says:
Can't find your BMW? .
You shouldn't let it trouble, you
Don't worry where your auto is .
Forget about it-- Drive home
his: ?
- ?
Large and expensive automobiles
passed by the little vigil group, with
their anti-nuclear banners pinned up
by the roadside. Some in the cars
yelled, "Get a job!" at the vigil mem-
bers as they rolled past...
- Two, however, physicist Athelstan
Spilhans and pantyhose magnate R.
Philip Hanes stopped to chat. Spit-
haus assured the vigil members that
nuclear wastopmas? no problem. We
will soon be :rocketing the stuff into
the sun, he Said.
Laurie Moore, 26, a viola player
for the Santa, Rosa symphony, Said
she declined an offer of some free
pantyhose. "I don't wear them," she
told Hanes. She: also deflected pro-
tests from one visitor that: he could
not be blamed for the ecological
damage the group blames on the
club's power elite. "He was trying to
tell me he was all right because he
has a membership. in the Sierra
Club," Moore said.
...jay Mathew
- ? --
,
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PZ-XVCO1
ON' PA (.27E
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FOREIGN POLI
SPRING 1 981
THE LIBYAN MENACE
by John K. Cooley
Colonel Muammar el-Qaddafi, considered
by some to be a great Arab leader and by many
others to be an international scourge, is at least
in part an American responsibility. U.S. inter-
ests had much to do with creating the conditions
for Qaddafi's seizure of power in Libya in 1969.
Later, those same interests gave him at least the
appearance of American protection, allowing
the Libyan leader to develop his ability to use
and abuse that power. Participating in this
extraordinary disservice to long-term U.S.
interests were top officials of the Defense and
State departments, leaders of the U.S. oil
industry, active and retired agents of the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency, contractors with close
ties to U.S. officials, and relatives of former
President Jimmy Carter. Because various seg-
ments of U.S. society at different times played
the role they did, U.S. policy makers can
scarcely shirk the now pressing responsibility
of coping with Qaddafi's messianic desire to
spread his revolution far beyond Libya's desert
frontiers.
When he seized power, Qaddafi's fiercely
anticommunist ideology as well as his anti-
Soviet words and deeds indicated to U.S. policy
makers that he would be a useful asset in North
Africa. Qaddafi and his young associates in the
Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) were
determined to eradicate Western bases and po-
litical influence in the Arab world and were
opposed to Israel's existence. Yet they showed
no more inclination to grant the Soviets air or
naval facilities than had Libya's royal govern-
ment in the 1950s.
Moscow tried unsuccessfully to soften Qad-
dafi's anti-Soviet outpourings by praising the
ephemeral, paper union of Egypt, Libya, and
Sudan as "an anti-imperialist force in the Arab
world." Nevertheless, after the death of former
JOHN K. COOLEY, on leave from the Christian Science
Monitor, is a senior associate of the Carnegie Endowment.
Se
an
fr
he
vertit
coup's leaders and handing him over to Nirneiry
to be hanged.
The Nixon administration was pleased when
Qaddafi denounced the Soviet role in the 1971
Indo-Pakistani war as ."conforming to Soviet
imperialist designs in the area." Qaddafi also
criticized the Soviet-Iraqi treaty of April 1972,
although he had signed an accord on economic
and technical cooperation with the Soviets a
month earlier. Qaddafi also appears to have
approved Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat's
expulsion of the Soviet military advisers from
Egypt ii july 1972.
paddafi's Adventures
Along with Qaddafi's anticommunism, how-
ever, went a bewildering series of foreign
adventures that the Nixon administration,
using anticommunism as its only litmus test,
seemed to overlook. Some of these foreign
adventures involved outright support for ter-
rorism. Many others threatened Western
strategic, political, or economic interests. Qad-
dafi has always maintained that the entire Arab'
world must finally unite and wipe Israel off the
map. At various times he has supported?with
promises, cash, or arms?the Moro National
Liberation Front in the southern Philippines; ?
the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ire-
land; Basque, Corsican, and other separatists
throughout Europe; the leftists in the Lebanese
civil war; Somalia and the Eritrean nationalists
against Ethiopia (later switching his support to
Ethiopia after Libya became a strategic ally of
the Soviets); liberation movements in Angola
and Mozambique; the most radical, black fac-
tions in Zimbabwe and South Africa; and the
Black Muslims in the United States. Qaddafi
also provided shelter for the Palestinian ter-
rorists who attacked the Israeli team at the
September 1972 Munich Olympic games, and
Approved For Release 2005/11/28: CIA-RDP91-00901R000600090008-8
CO3TI=7411
Approved For Release 2005/11/28 : CIA-R0P91-00
LONDON DAILY TELEGRAPH
29 DECEMBER 1980
COMPARISONS'are already ? _ -
_ .. E' INTELLIGE- iN?E-E
.--,..
. . ,,,..... . : ,... . .
= ., being draw:v.4a Washing- - , '-'7'.
,.._ , -,..A
: 'ton - between tie appoint- ...... ? -NG
. : merit- of IiPaWitliam -..T.' I' -.7 -1 _.Lt
Casey .. as = Cil:A directnr- ,--f."' -. . --? -.., - - t.k 7":--r.,
_i_ ..... , . ? . - ....
undertfie Ite,agan Aurnint- -
stratiOn arid'. the choice ?ol'`'
Mr:',John. Nit Cone-for the- f
N-sem-e'.role under the lien-;:-.
neddnainistrafion.-
?
,i.'.ith? men ? ? are ,,--shrewde non,-
professionals ,,(although , Mr
Case eserved'ivi tb. distinction
ra-e?gic Ser.
..viCes-;'?;-sand remembered .
vvi -a ffecti ore' bY'`..m a ny- w a
colleac,,ties -in _London),
instinct,itnay" prove a
surer. guide to policy tnan.
:;-`.pthe :conventional, wisdoms-of
;the-- established -bureaucracy.,
Mr. NIcCone's instinct - told him.
. that.: }thrust:licher,: had-esec-
reted.: missiles ? in, Cuba-When-
- C I A:.,analysts- were still un-
f,torivinced.:: ....Similarly, Mr:
Casey- s-is unlikely - to-pay:
;overmuch respect :to-? esti-
t ...mates :from. Ltfie 1=atialytical
:side .of...:the? A ? , the
,i.l\ratiortn.V.-;.Foreign ssess-
eats . Centre ,(NFAC)--sug- -
-..fgestiagthat ?the motivation
for- the,Soviet military build-.
up-- is essentially. defensive :',
instinct tells him other-.
According:to sources inside Mc
-Bea gan's crA transition
team, .a- maior overhaul of -
.'NEAC ;is expected "to be one
. of the first consequences of
Casev's -aPPointrnent; The
--.:7yresent -head. of',.;=NFAC. , Mr-
:-Eruce ? Clarl:.?iis;expected
he renlaced -'
i One leading contender, to take,
.hip1ace;.is_Mr::George
iise-aie=iformei C I A-
ri:station- cluef---- in. Bonn. now
based-????at:? the'r.Georgetown.i
?-Cen tre, for -.15trategic,...- and
""-Anternational :Studies. _ who-
.Reagan:s. tran-
team and.:..has. -made
himself':a'subtle and ' engag-
in,su,-.: commentator on intelli-
-5-4,ence-
In'ailiarallel.:develOpinerit, -the
':?-eir,Defericeeintelligerice'Agency
(Di f Ay- and; tine' :tither corn-
ponents :0?E Pentagon
gence-areAikely ? to be given
.`=.1,-..? a -larger :role..in: the :shaping
-national' estimates; _ their
-;?:',.predictive re:C.. 0rd is genirally-
;,...i.?recognised-.to.have been-much
;." r
bette; th of
.
11341;" Caseyaird his- -team?Yar6-
likelY. to slowly,. "aV.Oid-'
tadical-..-staffin.C.? changes'
-at ? tatigle.Y.,t.:.?,81e .Yjew m. the
iReagan c-arnp: is that the C FA
hs alread1;beeri? dangeraus
ti.t-Tof .veterari.. officers. ?
ROBERT-NO S
Ilov;e.Vit';'. 'the ne C,Adice'-.
.40.; wahLto
engage,-the services of ,sorne
semer
..."firere- fired, or 'pressured-into
? premature retirement-- Under-2:
Admiral/5 ts nsfielth:Tuiner. or
? hsmo jess controversial pre-,
.:decessor;'-.Mr- Wiflam Calbyi ?
Fn 'addition . to "-'analysis,-.;the;
-other ..component "i of A
--,actiicities- that is likely to--be..
subjected ; to most 'rigorou
? strutiny=-:- is .:?':-counter-intelli-
There-Is "winespread..-concerri-
i
that the; counter-intelligence-
; ,staff-i;a;-fatalli-
ened, in wheniViri Colby
managed.t to-I-engineer"- the
ouster of - Mr James Jesus
Angleton,..frir two decades tine
a--ehcy's Ci
The -. nominal cai-'oEMr
- Angelton's removal' was the
? Press leak of his involvement
, in a programme of domestic
? mailntec.ept&.Itwass not -,
.".? made .clear the_time that _
programme. ,- had? been:.
? initiated as early as?1953 with ?
full ? presidential .;authority;r?
`.-,-and?..that it- has 'resulted in::
-the.? discovery "of; art.:-import-
nt East German :"illegal
?as-, well. as. ?Fr-Contacts ? be-:!'
k:Ttween prominent--'Congres;:
stooal-.figures, and' be Soviet
.1?..G11
? Wi th A n gie t on's ';'f :
powers bb-- the?-;.centraliied
!i : stafFwere":-.'radically
.' reduced; and, the -security- of
-'?-?!-the departrnent'Stnvnl'files-?- ?
4..cIricluding sensitive, studies of
allied -.secret services--w a-3 ?
ilessened, giVing rise. to con-
The breakdoWii,
tion, 1 howeve
... 'entire, intellig
'1penetratiori' a
.4, by its antago
Mre:Anglet&mii
: who have-c=be
e' the Reagan.'-
-'on--the
'-f-: on--the ;CI
?.?::: the: nexta
his advice. .: i
?1-' weighed 7-;:very seriously, net 1;, ?the- creation of ? a u v= an- 1
.
.:-.: least because of . the .. close.; -:'.destine,..service, -- outside- the ' ;
;_ relationship. of-trust that Mr.-- '- -preSent-'- C I .Ar: structure; ' to _
....-? Angleton,establisIned in the(
' i past ' wit4:,..: many friendly_ : ---'operations.-. , :. - ,,:,..,:. ?"???"' " I
-conduct :intelligence and; C II
'-' secret' cervices, including ...the ?The ' 'present ' C L A; -..t., largelY .1.:
'''Israelis.-Z-'....:'--?f;'iL ''? ?,=7.?-?;.:---il ..reduced ' to' analysts,. - covert_ i
The :whole -.1?-:_cillestitin, of C II. ;action -....'and.-..?i paramilitary -.:
lorganisatiIS. taken Up in a. 7. operations.: (none- of ., which.:,`,1
:; -Valuablecollection cf patiers,..7:..,are likelv..tc. remain . secret, .:'
".?:-. edited:: bid',:::-Dr----Roy:.:Godson,..). -Indefinitely, or. perhaps even.;
': that willkhel3inblished ? earlyei;; for very long) mould remain ?
neke yealay-the...:..W.ashingtom,' ...:%,.to,-..deilect interest and, scan.:-..:
' '-'based.:.?jeonsortium' for:- th-'. '','-....dar away.from the clandestine
II.
, Stu.dy orIntelligence as part' .j. service'. , -.- ..... i, r, .= . ... ...1
-'.of a series 'entitled " Intelli:-..,This IS ore orthe-niancr cutie'rite",
,.:: gence' Requirements for the
...1980s.',1--,..2.'.-.1 .. ''.--' ? -;:o.--i.=.-
Contributors to-the new volume,.
.-., e nt it le ii-= t`,.Counter-lr.telli-
STK
01R000600090008-8
preposals for the restructurl
?pf the V.& intelligencO
? . community that will be 'reaCli-'s-i
, in* Mr Casey's desk;
!7: gence:?. 4liclude -senior present_ Within - the.; arrbWefi
,.., and. foriner,CLA:i. and Dl A cf? itself;',j-Nte- Case'rt will
: Urged ? by''.some'?
Two ifie,^ -srno_sr-; provocative.1,..the CIA trarision'teant'io
papers in the. book,are by. mr-r re initiate the revieWl:gof' ?
^ Nor,rnarti4;--'-'-'Srti"th and - Mr -;'Soviet deception
operations?
i Who ?weresfor ' elJeejillY:'1 those- ""hlYolvin
merly -(.respe?ctively) chief double- agents- in 'NeV:(
operations -and 'ie-Search di.rec.1 ''?.'f'vhc;:47.-lay:'Itave..,beerrscoritrorl
t tor ? tha LA's Counter-', 1)7/Lthe-IICG13.-? that ;was?-..-:
- intelligeate staft-7
argnes' that--it'.. . iS
i...,:meces:sary.: to-. re-establish ..a.1 col:171-11m
?:-'..e*alisecf-C I staff - with a."
;e:Wide,pur view; not.:.only
' `sure" ale- security:- of" the
C I A.:,s,-;" ir.telligente-collettioa
..-and covert action operations.
cern :that --CIA._oper-atiOns, but to undertake . its , own
--ond allied'''.?seerets,'-.: had 7.be- - (Ideffceenp'stli'vefLa '..;d-cutiblv,eitIeSag;e_initgiainnsa
? t.
=4tome vulnerable"- tO - '
t e KGB. ? .?
'He . argues-the very: ? special
^ Qualifications - required: to
make a' suCcessful CI specia-
list--not .only in -terms -of
intellectual ability,.; but' in
termsof familiarity 'with
7 ,hundredsog individual cases.
over many years:- He rightly
observes, that -the Soviet
? telligence , _set-vices. place'
:innIIPRincOarlfaciPal0
for ? Which., ncr'computerised
? data4bank? Can.:substitute.
-.Jr:Soviet-detection anclpenetra- -
Counter-intelligence 4:151-rarely:
within' a --secret set---.
vice,:since'the? CIA role is to
.Play.' the -institutional devil's
advocate,- ipneitioning for ex-
ample, whether. a; defector or
a.. double -agent.-(Whose- case-
handlers May Intensely
0:r Remase;209.5ittim):
G?Bccintrolied.
plant. :.
8-8