AMERICA'S SPIES: COMING IN FROM THE COLD

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP91-00901R000400100003-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 14, 2005
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: October 28, 1982
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

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~~ t~ , M 7 n, y 1. ~' fi? '..~ .LL.
THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
28 October 1982
By Daniel Southerland
Staff correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor
Washington
"The Soviets," says the bespectacled round-faced man who looks more'like a
stockbroker than America's top spy, "got virtually a free ride on all of our research
and development."
He's talking about secret agents - from the Soviet bloc. And, he says, they
plundered America's technological secrets because our own spies weren't watching
them.
The speaker is William C. Casey, the director of the Central Intelligence Agency
and coordinator for all intelligence gathering for the United States. He indicates
that things are likely to become much tougher for the Soviets in the world's intepsi-
fy-ing spy wars if be has his way.
After years of controversy and cutback, America's spies are finally getting a
break.
The Reagan administration is putting more money and manpower into the busi-
ness of spying, and into countering Soviet bloc spies both at home and abroad.
Exact figures on recruiting for the spy trade and on the money spent on the
intelligence agencies are kept secret. But it is clear that after years of decline,
"
"
spying is now a
growth industry.
One of the few government insti-
tutions which is hiring new employees in this time of recession is the
US Central Intelligence Agency. .
In the view of some experts, the effort comes none too soon.
"We've got to strengthen HLTA T," says one of the experts who
has access to sensitive intelligence reports, speaking in the peculiar
argot of professional spies. He means "human intelligence
gathering"
"Our SIGIN'T (signal intellegence) and photo intelligence are
among the best, but in HCTMIIQT ... we're lucky if we're among the
top 10."
The Reagan administration took power some 21 months ago deter-
mined to strengthen intelligence collection, analysis, and operations,
and the dozen agencies that make up what is known in the trade as
the "intelligence community" are benefiting.
Take the Federal Bureau of Investigation, for example. According
to one high-ranking intelligence officer, FBI money and manpower
was once stretched to the point where the bureau had to stop surveil-
lance of certain known Soviet spies, who, together with European
surrogate spies, were operating in an increasingly sophisticated and
aggressive manner in this country.
The FBI has become increasingly concerned over the loss to So-
viet spies of American high technology information. Although pre-
cise figures are closely guarded, it is now clear that the FBI is get-
ting more in way of resources to conduct a more aggressive :
counterespionage program.
Mr. Casey argues, however, that the intelligence agencies are not
so much increasing their budgets as they are building back to where
they were before they got cut during the 1970s.
In a more than hour-long interview with the Monitor, Casey said
that because of these cuts in money and manpower, intelligence re-
porting on an increasingly turbulent third world and on a variety of
other problems had been drastically reduced. According to Casey,
major intelligence analyses, known as "national estimates" often
failed to cover third world developments.
US intelligence: tows on the Kremlin, third world countries
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7, 1
Visions of the Yecfrs of Danger
By Thomas O'Toole Peijnenburg and van Lanschot also
Soon after Dutch resistance fight- caae manan told th stories. Amona
y dlisteners were Prince Bern-
concentration er Teengs Gerritsen was put in the
camp at Natzweiler by hard, Dutch Ambassador J.H. Lub-
the Gestapo in 1943, he fell ill with hers and Central Intelligence Agency
pneumonia and was placed in a hos- Director William J. Casey, who had
pital with five members of the been liaison chief between the OSS
French Maquis who had just been in London and the Dutch resistance
caught by the SS. during the war.
"One of them was already dead Dutch resistance was stronger
and two of the others had bullets in than most of the rest of occupied
their lungs but they began to softly Europe. Three months after the war
sing the `Marseillaise' together,"-Ger- began, Queen Wilhelmina, from exile
ritsen recalled recently at Washing- in London, ordered the Dutch to
ton's Army and Navy Club. "When resist. More than 10,000 Dutch re-
the Gestapo guards heard them, they sistance fighters were captured and
filled, hypodermic needles with gas- killed by the Germans, fully half the
oline and injected and murdered ? Dutch resistance force.
each. one of the Frenchmen on the
spot: I never got -the injection and to
this-day I don't know why. I would
have liked to have met that Gestapo
fellow after the war and ask him why
he-didn't inject me."
Another time, Gerritsen said he
hid himself in a toolshed when the
concentration camp commandant
ordered the prisoners to appear at
roll call on Christmas Day. Gerritsen
remembers that the commandant
was drunk and picked out six pris-
oners to be hanged that night.
"One of them was the man stand-
ing in my place," Gerritsen said.
"They never noticed that I was miss-
ing and that is why I am alive to-,
day."
THE WASHINGTON POST
28 October 1982
Dutch Resistance Members Recall the Nightmare
Gerritsen was caught in a scene
that could have come right out of
the movie "Casablanca." Two men
wearing - black leather overcoats
showed up one day at his office in
the Ministry of Import and Export,
showed him their papers and took
him off to prison. "Most of my
friends were already there when I
was brought into the prison," Ger-
ritsen said. "We had a traitor in our
ranks. I suppose you can't avoid it."
But one Dutchman who managed
to avoid the Gestapo all through the
war was Cees (pronounced Case) van
den Heuvel, who was the intelligence
chief for the Dutch resistance during
the war. While Gerritsen worked in
The Hague until he was caught; van
den Heuvel did his job in Rotter-
Gerritsen, a legend in The Neth-dam.
erlands because of such stories, came "Rotterdam was the best place to
to the United States to help cele- be in Holland during the war be-
brate the 200th anniversary of cause it was the most chaotic," van
Dutch-American friendship and to -den Heuvel said. "The Hague was a
honor the members of the Dutch company town like Washington
resistance and the U.S. Office of where everybody was recognizable
Strategic Services who lost their lives and Amsterdam was overrun with
in Holland during World War II. Gestapo because that's where they
Gerritsen wasn't the only Dutch thought all the Dutch spies would
resistance fighter to make the trip, be."
Men with names like van den Heu- Van den Heuvel escaped capture
vel, Hofmeester, Hergarden, Zeegers, by changing his identity and disguis-
ing himself. Only 25 when the war
began, van den Heuvel said he man-
aged to look 40 by never being clean-
shaven, wearing old people's clothes
and his hair a little long, and walk-
ing stooped, with his coat collar up.
"Nature helped me, too," he said.
"I never had too much to eat and if'
you look thin you look older."
His job was estimating German
military strength and movement in.
Holland. He had 600 agents.. scat-
tered across the country, watching
the roads and the railways. The
agents 'checked the repair shops
where the Germans took their tanks
and trucks when they broke down.
Among the agents were young
women who took advantage of Ger-
man soldiers drinking in the pubs.
Van den Heuvel discovered that
any time,a German . soldier died, he
was buried in a local Dutch
graveyard with his rank, company,
battalion, regiment and army group
marked on his cross. Into - the
graveyards at night went van den
Heuvel's agents, for ? fresh intelli-
gence on German troop movements.
"That stopped when one of our'
couriers was arrested and his
graveyard report confiscated," van
den Heuvel said. "The next day, all
the German crosses were gone from
the graveyards."
Van den Heuvel had his share of
close calls. Once, he and four other
resistance fighters stormed aboard a
German "schnell" boat at the en-
trance to. Rotterdam harbor, killed
one of the sentries left on board and
tied up the other before preparing to
run . the boat across the English
Channel to Great Britain.
"We soon'discovered we couldn't
start the boat's engine without its
distributor," van den Heuvel said.
"The 10 sailors who'd left the boat to
go to lunch on shore had taken it
with them."
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 z fi4ji'pi~c a for Release 2005M21N14u:DJAzRDP91-00901R
Fd,u 25 October 1982
Power and insularity in the Reagan Adm .
THE CULTURE OF REAGANISM
BY RONALD BROWNSTEIN AND NINA EASTON
INSULARITY is at the heart of a second trait in the
Reagan culture: the search for personal luxury in an
era of cutbacks. Most of Reagan's aides have failed to
discern that the luxuries they enjoyed in the corporate
world might cause a stir when enjoyed at public ex-
pense-especially during a time when the President
was asking poor children to reduce the portions of
their school lunches. .
CIF. director William Casey summed up the Adminis-
tration's apparent attitude when we asked him why he
had kept personal control of his investments. His
immediate predecessors, including George Bush, had
put their holdings in blind trusts, fearing that the vast
quantities of classified information they received
would inevitably entangle them in conflicts of inter-
est. "I don't see why I should be picked on," Casey said
indignantly. "People have said just because I might get
a lot of information I could use [I shc.uld establish a
blind, trust]; well, that isn't the standard.. The whole
Congress gets a lot of information, loads of people,
many people in the CIA get a lot of information.'
How THEY CAME BY
THEIR MILLIONS
Of the 100 officials we profiled, 28
are millionaires, 22 are multimillion-
aires, and several more are likely
millionaires. In calculating their net
worths, we used the lowest figure in
the range provided on their 1981
financial disclosure statements. If an
official checked assets of between
s50,000 and 5100,000, we used the
s50,000 figure. The last category on
the form is over s250,000," which
leaves in question the full extent of
their wealth. Here's how the 28 un-
doubted millionaires got their
money:
WILLIAM CASE'', Director of the CIA,
was a Wall Street lawyer and specu-
lator who has been involved in sev-
eral lawsuits brought by investors
~. hen companies he helped found
went belly-up soon after he recov-
ered his investment. Worth more
than E3 million, he has a wide range
of holdings.
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 1-00901 R0
Approved For Release 2005/NEW /16A~9
E P??E
.LCL
A T
26 O=OBER 1982
ON PAGE
Letters
C.I.A. vs. Freedom of Information
To the Editor:
In an Oct. 1 letter, C.I.A. Director
William Casey said his position on the
Freedom of Information Act had been
repeatedly distorted and that he had
never advocated total repeal of the
act. He went on to say that "there is an
inherent incompatibility in applying
an openness in government law to in-
telligence agencies whose missions
must be eatriedout.in secrecy."
When Mr. Casey sees an "inherent
incompatibility" between the act and
the C.I.A., one might conclude that be
does advocate repeal. In fact, he told
the American Legion on Aug. 24 of the
dire consequences he thought would.
ensue "unless we get rid of the Free-
dom of Information Act."
As a newspaper editor who has been
deeply involved in efforts to protect the
act against emasculating amend.
ments, I see two reasons to resist Mr.
Casey's suggestion: The first exemp-
tion to the act protects properly
classi- fied national security information from
forced disclosure, and the C.I.A. has
never been forced by the act or by the
courts to release information when it
believed that such release would jeop-
ardize the security of our nation.
Mr. Casey worries about "human
error, which could result in the re-
lease of classified information." The
possibility of human error is not a de-
fect in the law and should be dealt with
by appropriate administrative means.
Though I have testified before Con-
gressional committees on behalf of the
American Newspaper Publishers As-
sociation in support of a strong, viable
Freedom of Information Act, I am.
aware of the search and review prob-
lems the C.I.A. does have with the act,
but a sensible solution to that problem
never will be reached if Mr. Casey con-
tinues to overreact.
His agency is part of American Gov-
ernment and American society, and
not apart from them. We do not need
- and the C.I.A. should not want - a
totally secret agency within our Gov-
ex ent.
Our nation's newspapers firmly be-
lieve in the need for a degree of se-
crecy for intelligence operations.
However, this must be carefully }sal.
anted against the presumption of gov-
ernment openness, which distingui-
shes our society from most other na-
tions of the world. Today's Freedom
of Information Act strikes this bal-`:
ance. It must remain respected and
protected. CHARLES S. RowE
Fredericksburg, Va., Oct. 18, 1982
The writer is editor of The Free
L.mxe-Starof Fredericksburg.
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 ARTICLE QFi APor Release 2005/1VZ1W14YOMIM91-00901 R000
ON PAG 16 OCTOBER 1982
U.S. to '`c y for Upgrading T r fish Military AirfieIds
Spat to Tbt New York Times
ANKARA, Turkey, Oct. 15 - The
United States will pay for the moderni-
zation of 10 Turkish airfields so that
they can be used by a variety of mili-
tary planes, according to a Turkish
Government statement released today.
The United States agreed to improve
the airfields and install modern -com-
munications equipment during a meet-
ing of Turkish and American defense of-
ficials here on Oct. 7 and 8. Although the
statement issued today did not include
details about the meeting, American
and Turkish officials confirmed that the
decision on the airfields had been made
during the talks.
A Turkish Foreign Ministry official
said the Turkish Government would not
be contributing to the cost of the airfield
modernization. He said'the upgraded
airfields would only be used "in case of
necessity" by forces of the North Atlan-
tic Treaty Organization.
The statement said the group "dwelt
further on the possibilities for coopera-
tion in defense support and defense-re-
lated industry and on the need to mod-
ernize the Turkish armed forces in
order to enable them to fulfill their
NATO missions more effectively.'
Tour of Military Installations
After the meeting the United States
delegation, headed by Richard N.
Perle, Assistant Secretary of Defense
for International Security, toured the
military installations in eastern Tur-
key, including some of the airfields.
American defense officials and military
officers have been visiting airfields in
eastern Turkey since an earlier meet-
ing of Turkish and American officials
last spring.
,
Turkish and American sources con.
firmed that he discussed several "im-
portant matters," which also included
Armenian terrorism against Turkish
diplomats in foreign countries.
The visits to airfields, and some work
that had begun on two of the fields, are
seen here as the cause of a Communist-
inspired campaign against Turkey's
military administration. Two radio sta-
tions broadcasting from East Germany
have been charging that the Turkish
Government is preparing to allow
American Rapid Deployment Forces
intended for service in the Persian Gulf
to use Turkish installations. Turkish of-
ficials have denied that, insisting that
Turkey has no intention of taking any
more responsibilities outside of NATO
in the region.
In a recent statement, Foreign Minis-
ter Ilter Turkmen said that "Turkish-
American relations have never been so
good." His assessment is fully shared
by the American Ambassador in Anka-
ra, Robert Strausz-Hupe. Two weeks a o the chief of the Unite S to
l rtelli
ence Aeerc. William
Casey, visit Ankara for 3 hours dukr
tnR which he met wit . many hich ran
in officials and the enerai
Minister rlii
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 Approved For Release 2005I21 4Fjt- DP91-00901 RI
THE
ARTICLE A3 EA ED 16 o=oBER 1982
ON PAGE
EDITORIAL
OPEN LETTEB
TO THE C.I.A.
Dear Mr. Casey:
We write in response to your recent letter to
The.New York Times putting forward again the
claim that a secret intelligence service and a
Freedom of Information Act are incompatible.
If it could in fact be shown that there were
some serious costs to the intelligence community
of being subjected to an F.O.I.A., we would still
not hesitate to argue that, in order to satisfy the
public's right to know, these would be costs our
society should bear. But there is no such evi-
dence, and in all the years you and your prede-
cessors have been fighting this act you .have
failed to provide a shred.
The simple truth is this. You have ample
authority to withhold any information that is
properly classified or might somehow reveal in-
telligence sources and methods. Several recent
decisions of the Court of Appeals underline the
great deference the courts give to your assertions
that information must be kept secret. To date
not a single sentence has been released over the
objections of the C.I.A., and just last week the
Supreme Court declined to hear a case brought
by the editor of this magazine to force the re-
lease of a list of the 1,000-plus books the C.I.A.
subsidized through 1967.
Even so, a great deal of valuable informa-
tion-on C.I.A. drug testing, covert operations,
surveillance of Americans, the use of journalists
and professors-has been released to the public
as a result of F.O.I.A. requests without ap-
parently harming the agency. That would seem
to suggest that, if anything, the system needs to
be altered to provide for greater access.
Your persistent demands for total exemption
from the F.O.I.A. thus betray a sad lack-of
understanding of the First Amendment. Not to
mention a thoroughgoing contempt for the
public you presume to serve.
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 y5:^CT::TEJ P.:_.js
16 OCT03 ER 1922
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c.:Ed `,'isi 7- r.c Turkey
r f-. Director !!!War Casey ir(,e ]re in late Ep
4 v~.qi t L ~.od T`7 y for z L ~'. L:o {i LL ~? -is ) in 1 (rl1- :.p i.Jt L beI: t L! Cr-bnr
and hei talks with furnish officials on international tErrorism and other
1LWES.
Cases,, visited sere Sept. 28-25, the officials said Saturday in confirming
nerYspapcr repcrts. That was during the four-day Moslem holiday of Eairarn, when
all offices were closed and newspapers did not publish.
Govern?ent sourcas said Casey r;et with Defense Minister Haluk zayulken and
ether i;ic ;-ranking officials. The visit, which had not been announced. was first
reporte Thursday ry the Istanbul tally Cumhuriyet and was confirmed by
offic:ai4 Saturday.
P, Elaer .;Acrd Ulusu refused to give any details on the visit, saying that
`;not every information reaches the public, especially those concerning
Intelli nice n-ott"'_."
5uur?`" _ zs sa.c L : ,. u~ h- _ Z,'.-.Ong the topics Casey discussed with Turkish
~L
rfr'__.alL was international terrorism, with particular emphasis on Armenian
_..rr_..z~ ar .ins_ abroad.
z r -n rt:epcr-ed that T i the United
OWN! r.~c.1 ~.~ i -C .,. ...:.,, i f+?.,i Ir Saturday L~.L tai, ~,e :.arid and tah ,C
__:MV .'u prevent hi we ian t.:rt crisLs frori striking
Arc.'=nian terrorists have launcher a series of bloody attacks on Turkish
di i.,a?__ a.1.1 over t _t,;. 'ru' to Y p.ro _s their tenants for auton ant to
to avenge
.: p_i_'~ a.1.1 _he ~;oc~ for v teLltio!~+ ly awhat ti,C'y' bcscrite as the killings of 1.5 million Artm,enians by Turkish zroops Jr,
1915.
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 A,}T I CLE APPEARED
..Lv vulv.nr~n .t7L)c
ON PAGE /
WASHINGTON TALK
BHefing
The Prince and the O.S.S.
rince Bernhard of the Nether-
lands made an unpublicized
visit to Washington recently to
decorate 16 veterans of the Office of
Strategic Services, the deceptively
named American intelligence agency
in World War II. All the former agents
had worked with the Dutch resistance
behind German lines.
With not so much as an Embassy
news release to call attention to the
ceremony, the Prince presented a
Cross of the Resistance to each of the
old O.S.S. operatives, among them
William J. Casey, Director of Central
Intelligence.
In the war, Mr. Casey was the I=-
don-based O.S.S. official who directed
the secrgt "Melanie Mission" that
placed American intelligence agents
behind enemy lines to work With
Dutch resistance fighters. Some of the
other recipients of the Dutch medal
were members of an outfit called the
"Jedburghs," American and British
operatives trained in Scotland.
"I recognize that this came 35 years
too late," Prince Bernhard told the re-
cipients in an emotional reunion at the
Army-Navy Club. He had come to
know some of them personally during
the war.
Most already knew the reason for
the long delay.
Veterans of the Dutch resistance re-
jected the idea of a medal for them-
selves until 1980 when one was struck
by Royal decree and presented to
more than 300 survivors of the Dutch
resistance by Prince Bernhard, who
in 1942 played a major role in stream-
lining the Dutch intelligence opera-
tion.
Phil Galley
Marjorie Hunter
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ARTICLE APPEARED Ulu ON PAGE 15 OCTOBER 1982
fir" /?
Voice of the P-mople
Dedication at the CIA -
CHICAGO-The caricature of Wil-
liam Casey, director of the Central
Intelligence Agency, in the Voice of
the People was outrageous.
Casey is an able, dedicated man
who has given his time and energy
unstintingly to the service of his coun-
try.
Your, editorial some weeks ago at.
tacking his reasonable, carefully
worded statement at the American
Legion convention pointing out the
dangers to the intelligence agencies of
our country inherent in the Freedom
of Information Act misrepresented
what he said and was no credit to The
Now you put yourselves in still a
worse light with this stupid attempt to
ridicule a dedicated public servant.
Henry Regnery
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 i 7
4 Li 'i ~xlT ~ ~
Approved F
THE WASHINGTON POST
lease 2665"T4 EICl) . oP91-00901RO
ficient credible`evidence" to support
14 allegations involving Donovan's
900 Pay Tribute to,
The Labor Secretary
By Lois Romano
Everybody wore big blue buttons
that announced "I am, a friend of
Ray Donovan," except the guest of
honor, whose button said "I Y Bay-
onne." And almost everybody had a
New Jersey accent.
Three "Friends of Donovan"
dressed as Arab sheiks. They stuffed
fake money into the hands, purses
and pockets of the 900 who came to
the Mayflower Hota? to show their
support for the embattled secretary
of labor last night. Attorney General
William French Sxni h, Health and
Human Services Secretary Richard
S. Schweiker, CIA. Thrector William
Casey and White house Chief of
Staff James A. P,ak~;r III were all
there. Presidential counselor Edwin
Meese III deliveryd a tribute to the
man who largely organized New Jer-
sey for Reagan in 1980.
But the president- had something
else to do.
While Ronald Reagan was on.na-
tional television justifying the .10.1
percent unemployment rate, the
man who in any other administra-
tion would have been in the thicket
of such things, was being honored at
what could best be described as a
survival dinner.
The Friends of 'Raymond
Donovan, a hooting and hollering
sellout crowd, turned out for a $50-
a-head tribute 6-the labor secret
tary-who has clung to his job even
though he has been a continuing em-
barrassment to the administration
through persistent allegations that
he had past ties to organized crime.
One month ago yesterday, special
prosecuter Leon Silverman closed
the second phase of an investigation.
of Donovan, saying there was "insuf-
alleged-organized crime connections.
It was the climax of a year of head-
"He's the shining example of. the
implementation of the Reagan agen-
da. He' has done an excellent job,"
said the main organizer, Steven
lines in which Donovan has been Some, treasurer of YAF and ? a lob-
featured in as many stories involving byist for the Coastal Corp,, which
the Maria; lawsuits- and mob-style represents oil and gas interests.
executions:}as the . formulation of. YAF executive director . Sam
labor policy. Pimm said, "To some extent the bad
"It certainly 'wasn't a pleasant. ? publicity did render. him helpless in
year,". said Donovan's wife, Cattier- .. certain programs he -wanted to see
ine. 'He's more relaxed and it's nice through and that was in the interest
to finally read about his accomplish of those who accised him. He's not a
ments." - favorite of o;gariiged `:labor ..; . It's
Under a stream of sweltering tele- no secret that he's not one of Lane
vision lights, Donovan glided into Kirkland's favorite ,people ... And if
the jammed ballroom to -a two= that's what they intended, they did a
od j
b
"
go
o
.
played "I'm a Yankee ,Doodle Dan- The most elusive guest of the eve-
dy" as he. waved to. the yelling, whis- ping seehied: to be Ronald
tling throng.' `It was a- little like d. Schiavone,-'hairman'of the board of
GOP convention- One woman car r:Sc Schiavone ,,Construction Co.,
ried a placard reading "Morristown Donovan's former firm, on which the
New Jersey Loves-You." .
"I always believed and I still - be-
lieve that :there has . only been one
resurrection in the past 2,000 years,"
cused. Three in the crowd said they
saw him, but he always seemed to.-
have just slipped away." His company
Donovan deadpanned to the crowd: took out a full-page ad in the,slick
"But some people tell me I've had souvenir program.
four." Everyone roared. . T.he dinner last night was faintly
In his brief, polite remarks, Meese reminiscent of a similjar testimonial
called Donovan- a 'good friend" and occasion last year for then-national
brought we)Iwwish'es .and congratu- security . adviser Richard V.. Allen.
lations from the president:.' He was being investigated. because of
"It has been said that the quality two watches and $1,000 he accepted
of the man is ;tested not by triumph from ..Japanese journalists in ex-
but by, adversity. said Meese: . change for arranging an interview
"It's the kinds of qualities that Ray with . Nancy . Reagan. Although he
displays that you sometimes forget -was cleared of wrongdoing, Allen was
about-the ability to do the job day :forced to resign: three weeks 4 ter the
after day despite what morning pa= testimonial.
pers said ,or 'What: he might have
felt. , .:.> And Ray's ability to main= .Flashbulbs ?burst. when Allen, a
fain a sense of humor even in the good 'friend ,of Donovan, made his
late entrance
darkest days which I .can' only attri, 'Ute to entrance. "I'm here s pay and a
bate to his Irish backgound." a patriotic American and a
Sponsored by the conservative friend-when. o has:been an asset to all of
Young Americans for Freedom, thes,_ Allsaid.
formal filet-mignon evening. was,
billed as a nonprofit event with extra .-GOItT:~''s1VJ.E'~
proceeds going to Donovan's favorite
charity.
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An unusual tribute on an unusual
night, the Donovan dinner ran the
risk of being the story of the day
until the White House scheduled
Reagan's speech for the same eve-
ning at the same time. But even be-
fore Reagan scheduled the nationally
televised speech focusing on the
signing of a jobs bill, sponsors of the
dinner were told the, president
wasn't corning.
Nonetheless, the administration
was amply represented.
"Be sure and put down that I was
',here because I have to go deliver a
speech at the Grocery Manufactur-
ers," said Schweiker. "I've been in
this game a long time-22 years-
and I'm telling you that 95: percent
of the people would not have taken
what Ray Donovan took., Ninety-five
percent would have quit"
--One senior White House adviser
who asked not to. be identified said,
"My fee',ing is that it's bizarre for
him to be involved in his right now.
_ I-mean; his was set up right in the
middle of the investigation. He's not
going t3 -M [quit) unless the pres-
dient asks him to go and Ronald
Reagan likes him ... He's Dash, he
tells good stories and he has a good
sense of humor. There's a good per-
sonal chemistry between them."
When the attorney general was
asked by a TV reporter whether he
thought it was ironic to be attending
a dinner for a man the Justice De-
partment had investigated, Smith
snapped, "You've got your facts
wrong. he was being investigated by
a special prosecutor .. , The facts
speak for themselves."
- Outside a private VIP reception
before dinner, at least 30 reporters
and cameramen crowded the hall-
ways, wble a GOP hawker sold Rea-
gan, Nixon and even Goldwater
presidential election memorabilia.
Inside, a relaxed Donovan greeted
his friends, mostly New Jersey sup-
porters. "I forget yesterdays," said
Donovan. "Human beings .have that
capacity, and we forgive: I'm not
going. to worry about what hap-
pened. I couldn't feel better tonight."
Asked if he was planning on stay-
ing at his job, he said with a wink,
"You betcha I am." :
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ASSOCIATED PRESS
14 OCTOBER 1982
By ROBERT PARRY
WASHINGTON
The former deputy CIA director, Bobby R. Inman,
intelligence committee are protesting elements of the
high-priority drive to expand covert actions abroad.
In an interview with The Associated Press, Inman s
underlying reason the committee voted along party lin
staff report criticizing U.S. intelligence-gathering in Central America.
Committee officials promptly rejected Inman's claim that disputes over covert.
action colored the report, saying the staff members who wrote the critique were
not even involved in reviewing covert activities.
Although no one disclosed what covert actions were protested, Inman's
statement is the first time any ranking member of the U.S. intelligence
community has suggested that an oversight committee has made a series of
objections about ongoing operations.
Inman said the committee Democrats have written letters to President Reagan
critical of CIA covert actions. He said he believed some of those letters were
critical of actions in Central America. Published reports have said Reagan
approved a covert action plan for Central America last fall.
Only one critical letter had previously come to light. In July 1981, sources
said the committee complained about a plan directed against the radical
government of Libya's Moammar Khadafy.
Inman said it was just such protest letters that sparked his concern.
"What really troubles me is that here in the oversight process they have let
sharply different views about covert action creep into what appears to be a
critique on substantive intelligence," Inman said. "That's what really lies
underneath the split and the criticism."
Inman, who resigned as an unpaid consultant to the committee because of the
report, also Complained that the 23-page document reflected a bias against U.S.
policy in Central America.
He also complained that it failed to say a key House briefing on alleged
outside control of the Salvadoran insurgency was given by operational officials
"deeply enmeshed" in covert actions, not by intelligence analysts.
Inman, a retired Navy admiral who stepped down as deputy CIA director June
10, said this distinction should have been made because these "operational
personnel" are less analytical and less objective than "substantive intelligence
people."
However, in a statement issued late Thursday, Rep. Charles Rose, D-tq.C.,
chairman of the Intelligence oversight subcommittee, said only two of 10,
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t?,?ICLE Appr12; CHICAGO TRIBUNE
ON PAGy___/6 12 October 1982
Someheads begin to roll
A great many Washington heads wereexpect-
ed to roll after the Nov. 2 election, in keeping
-with what has become a mid-term tradition for
troubled administrations, but this week finds a
number of heads already underfoot.
Republican National Chairman Richard
,Richards surprised many by announcing he
'
il
w
l leave his post in January. The surprise
-did nothing more than hew to the NVhite House
party line, as when he said: "Sure we have
some economic problems, but nobody blames
them on us." A reasonable suspicion is that Mr.
Richards has announced his departure now
rather than becoming a scapegoat and having
it announced for him on Nov. 3. If the election
falls to the Democrats as heavily as even the
Ti'G'hite House
f
now
ears, someone else will have
tratian has been increasingly unhappwith Mr. - to be found to play that sacrificial part.
"FUehards' inability" to improve GOP' fortunes - The resignation of Robert ANimmo as Presi
-.this fall-lout at his timing. dent Reagan's administrator of the Veterans
It was rather like General Eisenhower an- Administration was little lamented. Many
nouncing on the eve of Normandy that he was thought that his continuing insensitivity to the
going to step down after the invasion. Except problems of Viet.'am War veterans-he has
that Mr. Richards is no Eisenhower and Nov. 2 accused the -'veterans: of always dmanding
is more likely to be, a Democratic Normandy -arid `more"-pointed toward his ouster
than a Republican one. some time -ago.
subtlety , in publicly writing off -___otinga soon-to-be-released General Accountin Off
such v
E1 VUPb as uiacxs ano environmentalists,
claiming that black leaders were all Democrats
and that the environment was not an issue
when polls showed that most Americans want
the environment protected. But in fairness, he
ce report attacking him for wanton indulgence
in chauffeured cars, first-class air travel char.
trolled committee was too partisan in over-
seeing intelligence activities. A major factor in
his departure from the CIA was the political
leadership of Director William Casey, formerly
President Reagan's campaign manager.
The loss of Admiral Inman is unfortunate not
only as evidence of the politicizing of the
intelligence services. His extraordinary skills,
high principles and dispassionate judgment
made him perhaps the most respected name in
the intelligence community. His is one head our
government can ill afford to lose.
ter of military aircraft, expensive redecorating
and other unauthorized perks.
One departure much to be regretted is that of
retired Adm. Bobby Ray Inman, former direc-
tor of the National Security Agency and deputy
director of the Central Intelligence Agency,
who announced his resignation as a consultant
to the House Intelligence Committee.
His complaint was that the Democratic-ca
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 ARTICLE At,! DFor Release 20 T8 4K
f 91-00901 F~000400100003-3
Letters
An American Freedom
The C.I.A. Can Afford
To the Editor:
The Oct. 1 letter by William Casey,
Director of Central Intelligence,
seems once again to call for the
C.I.A.'s total exemption from the
Freedom of Information Act. Al-
though the agency has sought such an
exemption for many years, it has
failed to convince even its staunchest
supporters on Capitol Hill that such
drastic action is necessary.
Under existing procedures and
court rulings, the C.I.A. can withhold
any information that is properly clas-
sified or whose release would reveal
intelligence so rces and methods.
Judges have shown such deference
to the C.I.A. that not a single sentence
has been released over C.I.A. protest.
At the same time, much important in-
formation about the C.I.A.'s relations
with Americans and its covert opera-
tions abroad has been made public.
The experience over the last eight
years demonstrates that the Freedom
off Information Act and the effective
functioni g of the C.I.A. are compat-
ible. MORTON H. HALPERIN
Director
Center for National Security Studies
Washington, Oct. 4,1982
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ASSOCIATED P.: E.SS
8 O TO 3 7~P. 1982)
CIA director William J. Casey received a Dutch decoration from Prince
!errnhard of the Netherlands for participating in a cloak-and-dagger operation
ag2in 't German forces occupying Holland in 1944.
Casey was one of 16 veterans of the'U.S. Office of Strategic Services awarded
the Resistance Memorial Cross in a ceremony Thursday.
In 1944. Casey was head of secret intelligence for the organization in
London. Most of the other participants parachuted behind the German lines as
part of "Operation Melanie," one of the most successful moves for gathering
intelligence on German forces. Two other recipients were leaders of the mission,
Ides. van der Gracht, now in retirement in Switzerland and Jan Laverge, who lives
in Richmond, Va.
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 A.~~ fi ved For Release 20~Q /~ /1Q :T I OF P91
G 7 October 1982
Limits on freedom, of information
WASHINGTON-In recent weeks my re-
marks concerning the Freedom of Informa-
tion Act [FOIA] have been distorted repeat-
edly. I have never advocated the total
repeal of the Freedom of Information Act. I
have, however, repeatedly stressed the fact
that there is an inherent incompatibility in
applying an openness in government law to
intelligence agencies whose missions must
be carried out in secrecy.
The receipt of an FOIA request by an
intelligence agency begins a lengthy process
of searching numerous compartmented rec-
ord systems and then reviewing any respon-
sive documents. This careful review re-
quires the time and attention of senior
intelligence officials, thus diverting them
from their primary duties. Despite these
efforts, there is always the possibility of
human error, which could result in the
release of classified information damaging
to the national security.
Moreover, the necessity to engage in this
search and review is disturbing to friendly
foreign intelligence services as well as to
individual sources of information. Due to the
existing exemptions in the act, FOIA re-
leases for the most part consist of scattered
words and phrases.
More important, the benefit to the public
from FOIA releases is marginal. I'fail to see
how releases of bits of information serve the
purpose of the FOIA to provide government
accountability. The intelligence agencies
have more direct executive branch and
congressionaloversight than any other
agency within our government. Thus, the
necessary accountability and oversight of
intelligence activities is fully provided for
by our elected officials who, unlike the
public, have access to all classified informa-
tion.
As U.S. District Court Judge Gerhardt
Kerry Wagrom
Casey: Missions carried out in secret
Gesell said after reviewing Philip Agee's
FOIA request for the release of 8,600 docu-
ments, "It is amazing that a rational society
tolerates the expense, the waste of resourc-
es. the potential injury to its own security
that this case necessarily entails."
William J. Casey
Dlren*Or,
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
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 Approved For Release 2005/12114: CIA-RDP91-0090
ON PAGE_
CIA chief writes
7 0 ,?'O F 1982
Revise Freedom of Mormation
To the Editor:
In recent weeks, my remarks
concerning the Freedom of Infor-
mation Act repeatedly have been
distorted. I never have advocated
the total repeal of the Freedom of
Information Act. I have, howev-
er, repeatedly stressed that there
is an inherent incompatibility in
applying an openness in govern-
ment law to intelligence agen-
cies whose missions must be car-
ried out in secrecy.
The receipt of an FOIA request
by an intelligence agency begins
a lengthy process of searching
numerous compartmented rec-
ord systems and then reviewing
any responsive documents. This
careful review requires the time
and attention of senior intelli-
gence officials, thus diverting
them from their primary duties.
Despite these efforts, there al-
ways is the possibility of human
error, which could result in the
release of classified information
damaging to the national securi-
ty. Moreover, the necessity to en-
gage in this search and review is
disturbing to friendly foreign in-
telligence services as well as to
individual sources of informa-
tion. Because of the existing ex-
emptions . in the act, FOIA re-
leases for the most part consist of
scattered words and phrases.
These fragmented releases are
subject to misinterpretation and
intentional misuse.
More important, the benefit to
the public from F01A releases is
marginal. I fail to see bow re-
leases of bits of information
serve t& purpose of the FOIA to
provide government accountabil-
ity. The intelligence agencies
have more direct executive
branch and congressional over-
sight than any other agency
within our government. Thus,
the necessary accountability and
oversight of intelligence activi-
ties are provided for fully by our
elected officials who, unlike the
public, have access to all classi-
As U.S. District Court Judge
Gerhardt Gesell said after re-
viewing Philip Agee's FOIA re-
quest for the release of 8,600 doc-
uments, "It is amazing that a
rational society tolerates the ex-
pense, the waste of resources, the
potential injury to its own securi-
ty which this case necessarily
entails."
WILLIAM J. CASEY
Director of Central
Intelligence
Washington.
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 Approved For Release 2/13~1DP91-00901R0004
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
7 October 1982
40
ew of Freedom
A CIA vi
information
by Ron Gunzburger Any person or institution Mayerfeld said people will
The Freedom of . In-
formation Act "as it is
written, does indeed do
damage to the workings of the
CIA ... If it damages the CIA,
it damages the country,"
Ernest Mayerfeld, CIA
Deputy Counsel said.
Mayerfeld was one of three
speakers who explained their
views on balancing the need
for open government with the
need for national security at
the Society of Professional
Journalists/Sigma Delta Chi
conference at OW on the Act
this past weekend. Mayerfeld,
along with Kathleen A. Buck,
assistant general counsel for
the . Defense Department,
called for changes in the Act. .
Mayerfeld said the CIA has
"no quarrel" with the idea
behind the Freedom of In-
formation Act, which, he said,
lets "sunshine into the
bureuacracy." He said official
CIA policy actually supports
the existence of the Act.
can request information under - get "mountains of papers with
the Act rules and the agency or lots of black marks. Usually,
department must reply to the there is more black than white
request within 10 business days on the paper." The in-
or state in a letter the reason it -formation people receive is
has not complied. usually "meaningless," he
? Allowances are made in the said, and can be potentially
Act for nine exemptions. misleading.
These include classified in- In comparing the Defense
formation, internaliersonnel -Department to the CIA, Buck
rules, trade secrets, in- commented, "We give out
vestigatory - records used for tremendous amounts of in-
law enforcement purposes and formation, unlike the CIA."
information relating to the The only things the Depart-
regulation of financial in-
stitutions.
The Freedom of In-
formation Act has always been
a controversial issue in the
executive branch. President
Johnson opposed its original
passage and vetoed it, but the
Congress overrode his veto.
President Nixon wanted
changes in the Act. President
ment does not give out are
detailed weapon design plans'
and operational plans. The
bulk of the Defense Depart-
ment's requests are for in-
dividual service records.
Both Mayerfeld and Buck
said as the Freedom of In-
:formation Act stands now,
' foreign nationals have as much
access to information as do
Ford vetoed the 1974 Act U.S. citizens. If Leonid
amendments because he felt ! .. Brezhnev wanted to get CIA
they endangered national information under the Act,
security, although his veto was
struck down by Congress.
er prese
t un
t ru
es.
He referred CIA Director President Reagan - isnow Buck said she is opposed to
remarks William
remarks Casey's recent t calling for changes in the Act letting foreign nationals have
ks before the American
Lesion convention; where in a package presented to access to documents through
Casey called for "getting rid"' Congress by Sen. Orrin Hatch the Act because of cost
of Utah). Included in=t,I=e_ reasons. As she put it, "U.S.
of it, but said that Casey, in a.. recent letter to The New York changes is an extension of the taxpayers shouldn't subsidize
in compliance period to 20 days, foreign nationals."
said the Act is simpl
Times
y
,
need of changes, not repeal. and Buck said the Pentagon is
The Freedom of In- strongly in support of changes
formation Act states that the like these.
public, including non-U.S. The Act, when applied to
citizens, has access to iden- the CIA, has "very little
tifiable and existing records. of . benefit" to the public,
a federal department or Mayerfeld said. People
agency. Those requesting requesting CIA documents
information are not required, usually get "Swiss cheese," he
to demonstrate a need or even said, referring to the CIA's
a reason. The burden of proof prerogative to black out any
for withholding material material it feels is sensitive.
sought by the public is thus
placed on the federal govern-
ment.
Mayerfeld said, he would he
i
d
n
l
Now, she said, everyone
obtaining materials has to pay
search and copy costs, running
S6 an hour for searching and
10 cents a page for copies at
the Department of Defense.
Reagan's plan calls for adding
the review costs to the present
charges.
The Privacy Act, sometimes
confused with the Freedom of
'information Act, allows only
citizens and resident aliens
access to the information
prescribed under its rules.
Under the Privacy Act, citizens
have a right to government
information about themselves,
such as FBI files and military
service records. . _
Mayerfeld said that the only
information the CIA should
give out is information
covered by the Privacy Act. He
did not mention that federal
law allows the CIA not to
comply even with the Privacy
Act. Mayerfeld said, however,
that the agency does volun-
tarily comply.
Although it is unlikely that
Reagan's proposed changes
will be debated by Congress
this year, extensive lobbying
by federal agencies and
departments, as well as the
press and civil liberties groups,
can be expected when the $$It)T
Congress convenes in January. -
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APPEARED
..~~T I.-: ' I~NV 1=1LLL & SPA.E 7-ECi-ti`10I.QlY
ON I'VIG-21 4 .~ OCTO3-~~iZ 1982
u.,S. Vigilance Over Soviet
Space Activiff'es Imcreased
Washington-The Central Intelligence
Agency and other U. S. intelligence orga-
nizations are increasing their vigilance of
Soviet space program capabilities at the
urging of the new U. S. Air Force Space
Command.
"We will push for more attention and
understanding for operational space intel-
ligence so it gets at least the same treat-
ment as the missile, air, ground and naval
threats," Gen. James V. Hartinger, who
heads both Space Command and North
American Aerospace Defense Command,
said.
Hartinger said he has discussed this is-
sue with CIA director William Casey. Ca-
sey "agrees that the operational space
intelligence area should be a national in-
telligence estimate placed in a high-priori-
ty position-now it's going to be," he
said.
Soviet Launch Rate
Continuing high Soviet military space
launch rate coupled with new Soviet de-
velopments that will increase Russian ca-
pabilities during the 1980s has recently
prompted Defense and other officials to
highlight the threat posed by this Soviet
development push.
National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration deputy administrator Hans
M. Mark told an Air Force Assn, sympo-
sium here that he wanted to comment on
the Soviet military space buildup at the
recent United Nations Conference on
Space held in Vienna (Aw&ST Aug. 16,
p. 16).
He was overruled by the State Dept., he
said, and in Vienna the U. S., was criti-
cized for space militarization, not the So-
viet union.
Under secretary of Defense for research
and engineering, Richard D. DeLauer,
told a Senate Foreign Relations subcom-
mittee that the Soviet Salvut space station
program "engages in military activities
and may be the.forerunner of a weapons
platform."
Under secretary of the Air Force, Ed-
ward C. Aldridge, Jr., told the Air Force
Assn. symposium that Defense Dept. is
concerned with Soviet development of a
Saturn 5-cuss launcher capable of placing
an arproximate 300,000 lb. payload into
low Earth orbit.
In addition to space station launch,
Aldridge said Defense Dept. is concerned
this new heavy booster could be used to
launch large high-energy laser weapons
systems. " We will be watching this closely
and make sure we have the proper. re-
sponse," Aldridge said.
"We are going to provide the operation
al pull to go with the technology push
that has dominated space flight since its
inception," Hartinger said. "We are going.
to develop space doctrine and strategy.
We are going to strengthen the weakest
link in space systems development-the
statement of operational need procedure."
The new command plans to insure that
U. S. military space assets participate rou-
tinely in military exercises like those con-
ducted by other elements of the military
services.
"We have been exercising everything
else but not space. We are going to now,"
Hartinger said.
Hartinger cited milestones toward
bringing Space Command to full capabili-
ty:
^ Activation-The command was acti-
vated Sept. 1. This will be followed Jan. 1
by activation of the 1st Space Wing at
Peterson AFB, Colo., near NORAD head-
quarters at Colorado Springs. Space Com-
mand's Communications Div. will be
activated also on Jan. 1, and on Apr. 1,
Space Command will take over Peterson
AFB from Strategic Air Command.
The USAF Space Div. that remains un-
der Systems Command was to activate the
Space Technology Center at Kirtland
AFB, N. M., on Oct. 1. The Space Div.
and technology center will be closely
aligned with Space Command, although
they will remain under Systems Command
control.
Command Heads
While Hartinger heads both NORAD
and Space Command, the head of Air
Force Space Div., Lt. Gen. Richard C.
Henry, is also vice commander of Space
Command. This is designed to form close
ties between developmental and operation-
al Air Force space efforts.
^ 1st Space Wing-The new organiza-
tion will be responsible for world-wide
space tracking and missile warning-sen-
sors that Space Command will be acquir-
ing from Strategic Air Command.
The new wing will have 6,000 Air
Force personnel and 2,000 contractor per-
sonnel spread between four primary bases
at Peterson AFB, Colo.; Sondrestrom Air
Base, Greenland; Thule Air Base, Green-
land, and Clear AFB, Alaska. The north-
ern bases have missile early warning
sensor responsibility.
Lt. Gen. Henry, vice commander of
Space Command, said at the symposium,
"Every? operational Defense spacecraft in
orbit is either national in character or
provides support to more than one service
or agency.
"My point is that spacecraft are gener-
ally strategic in nature and our depen-
dence on them is such that we should
start thinking of their deployments as stra-
tegic issues."
He posed several questions for Space
Command to answer:
^ How vulnerable are we to spacecraft
attrition by failure or combat?
^ If a spacecraft should be lost during
launch, how do we recover the lost capa-
bility?
^ How do we address orbital selection?
"We know some orbits are less vulnerable
than others. Do we have an orbit strate-
gy?"
^ "If we define an orbital strategy that
can absorb combat losses, do we have the
supportive procurement and launch strate-
gies?"
"Our mission in space is to deliver from
on high to our operational forces the elec-
tronic bit stream, the written message,
oral conversation, a picture or navigation
situation wherever the forces need it,
whenever they need it and with total cer-
tainty," Henry said.
"Space Command's job is to define the
orbital strategy and force structure needed
to, make this come true," according to
Henry. ^
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WASH GTD2 TDES
4 October 1982
From the Hill
William Proxmire
Jam awarding my Golden Fleece of the Month for
September to the 190 federal officials who have
been coddled and pampered at the expense of Ameri-
can taxpayers to the tune of $3.4 million by being
provided with door-to-door chauffeur service. This
is an increase of 15 officials, or 8. percent more
than the results of my Carter administration sur-
vey in 1979.
Three agencies deserve special mention for thei;-
use of chauffeur service:
c the Department of Defense as the worst offender
(with 60 officials eligible for chauffeur service);
? the Department of Housing and Urban Devel-
opment for maintaining the most expensive
"In the last two months, I
have conducted a survey of all
major governmental agencies
and departments to determine
the extent of chauffeur
service."
automobile of any cabinet member (at an annual
cost of $9,588, Secretary Pierce's car weighs
in at twice the average cost); '
? and the Central Intelligence Agency for most
overtime for a chauffeur (while the director's
chauffeur received a salary of S20,000, which
is near the average, his overtime pay was
whopping 526,000 for a total of $46,000).
The Fleece of the Month is awarded for the
biggest, most wasteful or ironic use of taxpayers'
funds for the month. In the last two months, I have
conducted a survey of all major governmental agen-
cies and departments to determine the extent of
chauffeur service.
Only a handful of federal officials are specifi-
cally given the authority under law to enjoy home-
to-work chauffeuring, but my survey of federal
agencies demonstrates that the lack of legal author-
ity has not stopped scores of federal officials from
hopping into the backseat.
Title 31, Section 638(a) of the U.S. Code restricts
the use of government automobiles to "official
purposes" only and "official purposes" does not
include door-to-door chauffeur service to and from
home. The only exceptions provided in the law are
for the president, the secretary of a department
(not undersecretaries or assistant secretaries), a
doctor on out-patient duty, individuals in field serv-
ice and our diplomatic personnel abroad.
In addition to Title 31, Section 635(a), the Con-
gress has provided statutory authority for chauf-
feur service for its leadership through appropria-
tions bills.
My survey shows that despite a 1979 ruling by
the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel
interpreting the law very strictly, bureaucrats fall
all over themselves attempting to justify this
unwarranted luxury:
Their excuses are legendary! Here are just a
few:
Excuse Number One. A chauffeured automobile
enables me to conserve my valuable time and be
more productive.
Excuse Number Two. I must often attend early
morning and late night meetings and public transit
is often unavailable.
Excuse Number Three. Our offices are in a high
crime precinct.
Excuse Number Four. My use of a chauffeured
automobile is in the government's interest.
The only interest being served here is the per-
sonal convenience and desire for status of the fed-
eral official. There is no government interest.
In reviewing all of these excuses in 1979, the
Justice Department Office of Legal Counsel in an
opinion just now made public, found that they were
all invalid! The Justice Department concluded that:
"Nothing in (the law's) text, background or prior.
interpretation supports a reading so contrary to
its plain meaning."
The Justice Department even had a few practi-
cal suggestions for the poor, overworked bureau-
crat needing chauffeur service:
"A senior official may lengthen his or her work-
ing day, if necessary, by coming earlier, leaving
later and living closer to the office. Using govern-
ment transportation instead is a matter of per-
sonal convenience"
At an average annual cost of $32,000 for this
personal convenience, the American taxpayers are
being billed enough to provide these bureaucrats
with over 5,000 roundtrip rides in a taxicab from
Capitol Hill to Georgetown each and every year.
That is why I offered an amendment - which
the Senate Appropriations Committee accepted -
to the Treasury, Postal Service & General Govern-
ment Appropriations Bill to reinforce existing law
by denying funds for home-to-work transportation,
except in rare emergencies, for any official not
specifically exempted from the law. It also requires
the Office of Management and Budget to report to
the Appropriations Committee quarterly justify-
ing any exceptions which are made.
If enacted, this legislation will go a long way to
cutting down the abuses by high administration
officials. No longer will they be able to spend time
in their chauffeured cars figuring out how to cut
school milk programs, or reducing retirement bene-
fits for social security recipients, or slashing other
programs while wasting thousands of dollars them-
selves in tax funds.
Let them ride the bus to work to study how effec-
ti a
9l 0
lhjea t g to work to
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35 or
Scan. William Proxmire is a Democrat from car pool to save on energy consumption as they
Wisconsin. urge everyone else to do.
 - AM
ARTICLE ved For Release /1hM14 D??,1 0901R0
(N FAG _ /!/.- 3 October 1982
Trying to Slam the Door
For nearly all of our national life, the federal
government had a set policy on the release of
information generated by it.. A citizen seeking
access to a government document had to justify his
need for it. There was no presumption that a
citizen had a right to government information,
even if it was not classified.
That policy was reversed in 1966 by the passage
of. the Freedom of Information Act. The burden
was placed on government to justify the with-
holding of information. People who were denied
information improperly were given the right to go
to.court to compel disclosure.
Eight years later, Congress strengthened the
law, following the philosophy of a U.S. Supreme
Court decision that the "basic purpose of the act is
to insure an informed citizenry, vital to the func-
tioning of a democratic society .... ."
But the law has been under constant attack.
Over the last year and a half, executive and admin-
istrative actions have reduced the flow of informa-
tion from. the government. Among these actions
was the President's executive order on national
security, which recently went into effect It was
designed to do the following:
-Lower the standard for classifying informa-
tion by basing it on unspecified damage to national
security instead of "identifiable damage."
-Keep information classified for an indefinite
period instead of automatically declassifying it
after a set interval.
--Eliminate the test requiring officials to
balance the need to protect information against the
public interest in disclosure.
-Allow recovery and reclassification of infor-
mation that. has been declassified and released.
In addition to the executive order, the Adminis-
tration has taken other actions to restrict the
amount and kinds of information available to the
public. The Justice Department will now defend an
agency in court for withholding information with-
out making a determination that the disclosure
would result in _"demonstrable harm." Another
administrative action reclassified 30-year-old
records of U.S. and Israeli intelligence operations
after the National Archives had released them.
The natural tendency in government is toward
secrecy. For example, the Agricultural Depart-
ment classified 60,000 public comments on its
controversial soil-conservation proposals: The
secrecy label was removed when a news reporter
requested the information tinder the law.
The most sensitive area is national security. The
law's critics, chief among them CIA Director
William Casey, contend that it endangers intel-
ligence activities. He said recently, "I question
very seriously whether a secret intelligence agen-
cy and a Freedom of Information Act can coexist
for very long." He added that "they are incompati-
ble" because the law "gives foreign intelligence
agencies, and anyone else, a legal license to poke
into our files."
That was a curious assertion. The act exempts
from disclosure documents related to national
security.
Casey is correct when he complains that the
Freedom of Information Act puts the United States
in a unique position among nations. It does. It is de-
signed to require government to conform in fact as
well as theory to the principle of open government-
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ARTICLEJ AFPEM 'ED
ON PAGE - J ~-
'Khomeini Goons
'ake the Place
Of Shah's Gang
Iranians in the United States, who
used to live in dread of the shah's
secret police, now apparently find,
;themselves in similar fear of Ayatol-.
'lah Ruhollah. Khomeini's goon
squads.
Intelligence sources suspect that
~an undercover campaign of intimi-
dation and harassment against anti-
Khomeini Iranians in this country is
coordinated, if not directly planned,
by Khomeini agents at the Iranian
Interest Section in Washington. The
:interest section, part of. the Algerian
,Embassy, has handled Iranian affairs
since President Carter . closed the
Iranian Embassy three years ago.
Intelligence sources told my assn-
; date Lucette Lagnado that Iranians
living here have contacted the State
Department on several occasions to
express their fear of the Iranian In-
terest Section. They are convinced
that the interest section is behind
some ugly incidents directed at Kho-
meini's opponents in .the United
States.
Khomeini's minions are believed
to be modeling their behavior after
the "diplomats" of another dictator,-
Muammar Qaddafi of Libya. Qad-
dafi has not shrunk from sending
THE WASHINGTON POST
1 OCTOBER 1982
assassins into the United States to
deal with troublesome exiles.
. There is no evidence that Kho-
meini's secret police have gone. to
that extreme. But the Iranian Inter-
est Section's methods of. harassment
have been only slightly subtler Em
ployes of the interest section have
been identified on the fringes of
anti-Khomeini demonstrations in
Washington.
In a little-noticed incident last
summer, Khomeini's thugs came out
of the closet. It occurred at the stu-
dent center of Southern Methodist
University in Dallas.
SMU students held'a meeting to
protest the excesses of the Khomeini
regime. The lectures and songs were
.interrupted suddenly when about 75
hoodlums carrying guns and knives
tried to enter the meeting place.
Quick action by local police pre-
vented a major disaster, but not be-
fore, three anti-Khomeini students
were injured. The attack served its
purpose: the meeting was broken up
and the lesson was driven home that
public opposition to Khomeini can
be dangerous.
An investigation of the SMU fra-
cas developed the information that
many of the pro-Khomeini intruders
were from various parts of the coun-
try and were considered "pros" who
had participated in similar incidents
at other colleges..
Intelligence sources believe that
the melee in Texas was planned at
the Iranian Interest Section in
Washington. If so, it demonstrates'
the thoroughness of Khomeini's sur-
veillance over dissidents in the Unit-
ed 'States. Not an .anti-Khomeini
sparrow falls without creating inter-
est at the Iranian Interest Section.
Anatomy of an Error. No matter
how hard you try, it's impossible to
avoid an occasional blooper.
In a recent story on thestate visit
of Philippines President Ferdinand
Marcos and his wife, Imelda, I wrote
that "CIA Chief William -Casey per
sonally conferred with [Mrs. Marcos]
last July to make arrangements for-
the Marcos' state visit," But when
the sentence appeared in newspapers
across the country, the CIA chief
was identified as "William Colby,
who was CIA director under Pres-
idents Nixon and Ford. =
In my office, the final version: of
each story is double-checked by my
self and three editors, plus any re-
porter who may have contributed to
it. At United Feature Syndicate, it is
reviewed by at least two editors and
then read back to my office to make
sure no mistakes were made in
transmission. This was the proce-
dure used on the Marcos story, and
when it was read back from New
York the CIA chief was still Casey. .
Subsequently, during processing
at the syndicate, someone whose
mind was momentarily adrift typed
in Colby instead of Casey. For the
record, it was Casey who met with
Mrs. Marcos. Colby, a private attor-
ney in Washington, has my apology.
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 ARTICLE ftyjLyftFor Release 2005/12/14: CIA-RDP91-00901R
ON FAGF ..3~ THE AMERICAN LEGION
October 1982
Trying to summarize the sprawling
64th National Convention of The
American Legion with a single des-
criptive phrase is like eating soup
with a fork: you can capture some of
the flavor, but none of the substance.
One comment about the convention,
which was held August 24-26 at the
Conrad Hilton Hotel in Chicago,
seemed roost prevalent: "Smooth
...this is, without doubt, the smooth-
est running convention I've seen of
the 27 I've attended," said an Ohio
delegate waiting for a taxi on Michi-
gan Avenue.
Though quick to acknowledge
kudos due the host Department of Illi-
nois and their convention corporation
for coordinating the activities of more
than 15,000 conventioneers, many
bluecappers thought the ceremonies
marking the Legion's $1 million dona-
tion to the Vietnam Veterans Memor-
ial Fund was the convention's most
memorable moment. The. tearful
thanks of a widow who lost her hus-
band in Vietnam and a filmed tribute
to American fighting men and the
Vietnam Veterans Memorial convinc-
ingly underscored the Legion's right-
ness in supporting the memorial.
Others, particularly those attend-
ing their first National Convention,
were most impressed by the intensity
of the marathon sessions of conven-
tion committees and standing com-
missions-the forums through.which
much of the work gets done.
No matter what the highlight was-
and with so much to choose from, it
could have been any one of dozens of
events-nearly everyone agreed that
Vice Pres. George Bush's strongly
worded speech to the delegates during
the convention's closing hours would
not soon be forgotten. Bush blasted
the Soviet's efforts "to promote the
nuclear freeze movement in Europe"
while at the same time "they have con-
tinued a relentless buildup of both
strategic and conventional forces."
CIA Director William Casey's key-
note address, during the convention's
first day of business was resound-
ingly applauded when he told. the
assembled Legionnaires, "As a
nation, we have a propensity for
shooting ourselves in the foot. One of
these self-inflicted wounds leaves us
the only country in the world that
gives foreign intelligence agencies
and anyone else a legal license to poke
into (the CIA's) files.
"I question very seriously whether a
secret intelligence agency and the
Freedom of Information Act can co-
exist for very long. The willingness of
foreign intelligence services to share
information and rely on us fully, and
of individuals to risk their lives and
reputations to help us will continue to
dwindle away unless we get rid of the
Freedom of Information Act," he said.
Casey went on to note that national
security information should be enti-
tled to protection just as are the files of
doctors, lawyers, clergymen and
grand juries. "I'm not asking for any
retreat from our commitment to pro-
tecting essential liberties," he said,
"but only to bear in mind, as Justice
Goldberg once said, that `while the
Constitution protects against inva-
sions of individual rights, it is not a
suicide pact."'
L~ If 'R'T"F1
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Y S
ARTICLE APP ARED
ON PAGE
1 OCTOBER 1982
Letters
in government law to intelligence'
agencies whose missions must be car-
riedout insecrecy.
The receipt of an F.O.I.A. request
by an intelligence agency begins a
lengthy process of searching numer-
ous compartmented record systems
and then reviewing any responsive
documents. This careful review re
quires the time and attention of senior
intelligence officials, thus diverting
them from their primary duties.
Despite. these efforts, there is al-
ways the possibility of human error,
which could result in the release of
classified, information damaging to
the national security. Moreover, the
necessity to engage in this search and
review is disturbing . to friendly for-
eign intelligence services as well as to
individual sources of information.
Because of the existing exemptions
in the act, F.O.I.A. releases consist
for the most part of scattered words
and phrases. These fragmented re?
leases are subject to misinterpreta-
tion and intentional misuse. More im-
portantly, the benefit to the public
from F.O.I.A. releases is marginal. I
fail to see how releases of bits of infor.
mation serve the purpose of the
F.O.I.A. to provide Government ac-
couitability.
The intelligence agencies have
.more direct executive branch and
Congressional oversight than any
other agency within our Government.
Thus, the necessary accountability
and oyersight of intelligence activities
is fully provided for by our elected of-
ficials, who, unlike the public, have
access to all classified information.
As U.S. District Court Judge Ger-
hardt Gesell said after reviewing
Philip Agee's F.O.I.A. request for the
release of 8,600 documents, "it is
amazing that a rational society toler-
ates the expense, the waste of re-
sources, the potential injury to its own
security which this case necessarily
entails." WILLIAM J. CASEY
Director of Central Intelligence
Washington, Sept, 18,1982
To the Editor:
In recent weeks, my remarks con-
cerning the Freedom of Information
Act have been repeatedly distorted. I
have never advocated the total repeal
of the act. I have, however, repeatedly
stressed that there is an inherent in-
compatibility in applying an openness
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