USSR ENERGY ATLAS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90T01298R000200310001-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 83
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 1, 2009
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 1, 1985
• Content Type: REPORT

 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
USSR Energy
Atlas
Central Intelligence Agency
January 1985
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l~~~l-------
C~ll~l-----IBS
USSR
Atlas
NOT MICROFILMED
Fm Deb Ef*I
Central Intelligence Agency
January 1985
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The USSR is the largest country in the world and the second-largest
producer and consumer of energy. Its vast landmass and adjacent
continent.fl shelves contain enormous energy resources. Only in recent
years, however, has the extent of the exploration and development of its
fuel resoLrces spanned the entire country.
A nationwide quest for new energy sources has rapidly outdated Soviet
energy maps. Names like Samotlor, Fedorovo, Urengoy, Kansk-Achinsk,
and Ekibastuz have become as well known to Soviet energy planners as
Baku, Romashkino, Orenburg, and Donets were a decade or two ago.
Likewise, the construction of oil and gas pipelines, electric transmission
lines, roads, railroads, and towns has required extensive development of
remote aicas of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, and the Far East.
Soviet energy is a strategic issue that transcends international boundaries.
Soviet oil and gas exports have increasingly become available to Western
buyers since the 1970s, and the Soviets also import large amounts of
Western equipment and technology to upgrade the capabilities of the
domestic energy industry.
This atlas uses it wide variety of information to portray many aspects of
Soviet energy. Maps, graphics, photographs, and text provide a general
understanding and appreciation of the major Soviet energy resources-oil,
gas, coal, and primary electricity as well as minor fuels and alternative
energy sources.
Landsat photo on page Iv. All others: TASS from SOVFOTO, further reproduction must be approved by
SOV'101O
The representation of international boundaries on the maps is not necesarily authoritative. The United
States Government has not recognized the incorporation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the
USSR The s iuthern islands of the Kurils-Ostrov Iturup, Ostrov Kunashir, Shikotan-To, and Habomai
Islands are acupicd by the USSR but claimed by Japan.
I his publicat on is prepared for the use of I IS Government officials, and the format, coverage, and
conic it arc designed to meet their specific requirements. LIS Government officials may obtain additional
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USSR: Energy Overview ........... 4
Domestic and International Issues ........ ..... ..... . 4
Energy Decisionmaking .......... ...................... .............. . 4
Energy Balances ......................... _. _.... _. ...... ........ _..... 6
The Energy Mix......... ....
_. _. 6
Conservation and Substitution ..... 7
Foreign Markets _........... _.... ......_ .................. ............. ... 8
Hard Currency. .... _ ..... .....8
Trading Partners ......... .... ............. ...... ...... ... 8
International Energy Projects ......................... 10
Siberia-to-Western Europe Natural Gas Pipeline... .. 10
Sakhalin Oil and Gas Project ......................... I
South Yakutia Coal Project ................... I I
Fuel Resources ............... _ 12
Oil and Gas ...... ....._ ........... ......_..... .............. .. 14
Oil Reserves._ ...... ..... ............... ....... ....... .._........ 14
Natural Gas Reserves .......... 15
Gas Condensate .......... ........ 15
The West Siberian Oil and Gas Region .... 16
Other Major Oil and Gas Regions 20
Production and Consumption ._ ................ 22
Exploration ......................................................... .... ... 24
Drilling .._...... __._....__.._............ _........... ........... 26
Recovery .... ....... ...... ...._....... ..... _ 28
Oil Refining and Gas Processing ... 30
Pipelines ...... .......................... ............ ...._ 32
Coal .... ........... ..... .............................._ 34
Resources and Reserves...........__....._ _...___ ........ ..__ 34
Production and Consumption ............ .... 36
Mining and Technology ....... ............ . 38
Transportation ............................................... ............ 40
Uranium and Thorium ._............ .............................._ 42
Minor Fuel Resources ........................_ 44
Oil Shale ._ ................................_.. 44
Tar Sands.. .............................._................... 45
Peat ..... ............. ......... ........._.. 45
Fuelwood ........._ .........................._ ........... . ..... 45
Electric Power _ ..................................... .... 46
Electric Power Administration ......... ... ... _ . 46
Production and Consumption ........ _ ............. ...... ...... 46
Thermal Power ................ ........ ........ ... ..... 48
Hydroelectric Power ............................ ...... 50
Resources .... ...... .... .............. ...... ....... ....... ...... .. 50
Hydroelectric Power Stations ........ ... .............. 50
Power Production .._....._...... ...... ..._. ........ 50
Regional Summary of Hydropower Development ...... 51
Nuclear Power ...... ................... .......... ........... ...........__....... 52
District Heat Systems .......... ......... _. ..... ___..... _...._.. 53
Power Transmission ..... ....... _......... __......... ... 54
Power for Remote Areas ........_....... _._ ........................... 58
Alternative Energy Sources and Technologies .................... 60
Coal-Based Synfuels .......................... _.. ..... ......... .......... 60
Solar Energy ........ _ ..................... _.... _...... _. ............ .. 61
Wind Energy ........ .... ............. ......... ....... 62
Tidal Power .... ........................ ..... ..... _....._....._ 63
Geothermal Energy ..................... . ... 64
.. .................... ..... . . . .
Magnetohydrodynamic Power .............. .
Thermonuclear Fusion .... _......... ._..... _ ........ ............ _......... .. 65
Measures/Major Oil and Gas Fields and Refineries .......... 66
Major Electric Power Stations ......... ................ ............._ 67
Gazetteer and Index ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... .... ........ .._..._ 68
Administrative Divisions .................. _..... _ ............. _.......... 79
Reference Map ........... ............ ........... ..... ......... ..... ...._..... Insert
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USSR: Energy Overview
The I USSR is better endowed with energy re-
sources than any other country in the world. It is
the world's largest oil producer and has the
largest oil reserves outside the Persian Gulf
region. Soviet gas reserves are the largest in the
world, and the USSR is also the world's leading
gas producer. Coal resources are enormous,
although most are unfavorably located at great
distances from consuming centers. Electric pow-
er output, generated largely from thermal
sources, ranks second to the United States.
Moscow's desire to maintain steady economic
growth requires an expanding energy resource
development program as reflected in the I I th
Five-Year Plan (1981-S ). The focus of the
current effort is to continue the expansion of
\Vest Siberian oil and gas development, acceler-
ate nuclear- power plant construction in the
I~uropean USSR, and further exploit vast Cen-
tral Siberian coal resources. In addition, the
Soviets hope to increase the efficient use of' these
primary fuels through new programs for energy
conservation and fuel substitution.
I`ncrgy exports are the principal source of Soviet
hard currency earnings. Revenues from exports
to y\ cstern countries permit the acquisition of
equipment and technology for a variety of Soviet
activities: particularly important are energy ef-
forts to increase oil recovery, transport natural
gas, and exploit offshore energy resources.
Fnergy investment is surging as the Soviets
attempt to meet growing energy demand
through investments in new production areas
and maintenance and enhancement of produc-
tion From established regions. Costs are rising as
exploration and production move into the more
remote eastern regions of the I-SSR and operat-
ing conditions become more difficult.
Oil and gas exploration in Tyumen' Oblast,
West Siberia.
Foreign equipment being used to mine Central
Siberian brown coal.
Domestic and International Issues
Energy Decisionmaking
'['he driving force behind Soviet energy policy is
Moscow's desire to remain self-sufficient in
energy while increasing hard currency earnings
from energy exports. As the Soviets themselves
have often noted, "The Soviet Union is currently
the only highly developed country in the world
meeting all of its own fuel and energy needs
from its own resources." In 1983 the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union (CPSU) adopted a long-range en-
ergy program that provides guidelines for ener-
gy resource development and exploitation until
the year 2000. Its emphasis is on: attaining an
optimal energy mix through substitution of nat-
ural gas, nuclear power, and coal for oil; devel-
oping new sources of energy, such as geother-
mal, solar, wind, and tidal: improving and
expanding the energy infrastructure, continuing
the development of oil and gas in West Siberia
and their transport to the F.uropean part of the
county; and increasing fuel and energy conser-
vation by means of technological improvements
and improved utilization of existing resources.
Responsibility for energy matters in the USSR
is shared among a number of key party and
government organizations. The Politburo of the
CPSU, the highest decisionmaking body in the
USSR, determines the country's basic energy
Construction of nuclear power reactor in the
I'krainian SS R.
Offshore drilling technology' is acquired.iront
energy export revenues.
research, development, and production policies.
In the face of severe problems, the Politburo can
act unilaterally to redirect energy policy or shift
the allocation of resources necessary for its
implementation. Much of the formulation of
these energy policies actually occurs in the
Presidium of the Council of Ministers, the Sec-
retariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU,
and the USSR State Planning Committee (Gos-
plan). These three groups advise the Politburo,
provide guidance on energy policy and manage-
ment to lower levels, and collectively serve as a
high-level forum for discussions of alternative
strategies. Like the Politburo, they are con-
cerned with integrating energy policy into a
broader economic and political framework.
A significant contribution to the decisionmaking
process is made by the state committees and
ministries directly involved in implementing en-
ergy policies. These organizations possess a level
of technical expertise that is largely missing at
higher levels. They provide assessments of re-
source issues and production capabilities and
give continuity to energy policies.
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Presidium of I'SSR
Council of \linistccs
Slalc ( on)[uillec lirr Slalc Planning
Sr icnrc ;Ind Cunlnlillcc
I -, hrnolortx ((i KNI) I( losplatl )
Organizations With Primary Responsibility for
:nergy Production and Management
I SSR lcadem) of Sciences. Oyersces research )It new
cncrgs sources and dcyclopnnent of new methods of energy
resource production
Energy-Rcla ed ( ommiuees
State Committee for Science and I echnolog) (GKN I)
%-I L, Sets rrergs research and devclopnlcnt priorities;
er rlu;lles research ;rod dcxelopnrent proposals from the
\cademy of Sciences and the production ministries, assists
n ic,juisiliov of foreign technology; administers scientific
aril technics exchanges with foreign countries.
Stale I'lanning (ommitlee (Gosplan) (I '-RI. Coordinates five-
\r.11 plans in all Iields, including energy: nrakes and oversees
plan, lrr energyrelelcd departments, including geology and
nrincr,rl resources, coal, petroleum and gas industries, power
and eleclrilication. ;rnd transport. serves as a consultant on
cried:', policy
State (onunittee for I seful Mineral Reserves (GK/.I (A-t 1.
Reviews geologic data from exploratory wells to certify
reserves and reservoir properties; establishes coefficients of
rvrae on In. Ies of recovers for petroleum and condensate;
cl.tssilies penolcum arid gas reserves, has final approval for
held drilling Bans subnnitted by Minisirs of the Petroleum
Indrn.tn, ma nl;tin1 rescryc ,locks of petroleum and fuels.
State Committee for the Supply of Petroleum Products
l -RI. (Boon es the procurement, storage, and distribution
of petroleum products Including those destined for export,
ariministcrs I etnrlelrrn pipelines and storage bases, monitors
IndustIi;rl us( of petroleum products.
State (onmtiltee for the I'tili,ation of Atomic Power
t(;K t ( t-I ). \drrrinisters civilian atomic energy pro-
granu; conduce joint research proiccts with foreign
countries
State (ommilteeIo Supervise Work Safety in the Atomic
Power Industry (A-I ). I stablishes and enforces standards
for nuclear power plant safely and radioactive waste
d ispos rl
State Cunlnlittce for Slate Committee for
I'seful Mineral the Supply of
Reserves ((iK/_) Petroleum Products
Power aand
I leclrilic;rtion
-secictZirlat of 111C
( I'SI Central
('ommiltee
_IISSR Academy
ol, Sciences
State Committee for Slate (M11111 tee to
Ililiialion of Atomic Snipenisc Work; Salcty
Power (GKAI in the Atomic Power
Industry
('hemicr1 ;Ind
PCtrulelm
Machine Building
Construction of Pclioleunl Relining
Pctrrdeuol and Gas and I'ctrochcmicll
Industry I _nlcrprises Indust}
Installation and
Special Construction
Work
Energy-Related Ministries
Ministry of Geology II -RI. Conducts exploration for new oil,
gas, and coal deposits; monitors contracts with foreign firms
for energy resource exploration in I[SSR; directs develop-
ment of new prospecting techniques, equipment, and meth-
ods of mineral analysis.
Ministry of the Petroleum Industry Manages produc-
tion drilling, extraction, transportation, and sales of petro-
leum; shares responsibility with Ministry of Geology for
exploratory petroleum drilling and extraction and processing
of gas condensate.
Ministry of the Gas Industry (A-U). Oversees the extraction,
processing, underground storage, and transportation of natu-
ral gas front established fields; directs obishorc oil and gas
exploratory drilling and production: participates in onshore
gas exploration, gas condensate processing, and geothermal
energy production.
Ministry of Chemical and Petroleum Machine Building
(A-t ). Oversees the manufacture and supply of extraction
and production equipment to the petroleum, gas, and petro-
chemical industries.
Ministry of Construction of Petroleum and Gas Industry
Enterprises IA-t1. Constructs petroleum and gas pipelines
and field processing plants; has primary responsibility for
compressor station construction.
Ministry of the Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical In-
dustry (U-RI. Oversees all aspects of petroleum refining and
petrochemical processing, as well as the production of
synthetic rubber, aromatic hydrocarbons, lubricants, fuels,
liquid paraffins. chemical feed additives, and chemical
reagents for enhanced oil recovery.
Ministry of the Coal Industry (U-R). Manages coal and oil
shale extraction and equipment production, participates in
the development of technologies for solid fuel liquefaction
and gasification.
land Reclamation
and Water Resources
Ministry of Power and Electrification (I'-R). Directs the
design, construction, operation, and maintenance of hydro-
electric, thermal, and atomic power plants, participates in
tidal, solar, geothermal, and wind energy production as well
as research and development of techniques for solid fuel
liquefaction and gasification.
Ministry of Power Machine Building IA-Iii. Provides heavy
equipment for thermal, nuclear, and hydroelectric power
stations; manufactures gas turbines, pumps, and supercharg-
ers for pipeline compressor stations and heat recovery
equipment for the petroleum refining industry; operates the
nuclear reactor manufacturing plants located in Volgodonsk
and Kolpino.
Ministry of the Electrical Equipment Industry (A-I''). Directs
research, development, and manufacture of electrical gener-
ation and distribution equipment.
Ministries Involved in Support for Energy
Ministry of Construction II'-RI. Performs basic construction
for energy production industries.
Ministry of Finance It!-RI. Allocates financial resources for
energy production, research, and development
Ministry of Foreign Trade (A-V). Oversees trade in petro-
leum, gas, and coal products, as well as energy res.wrce
extraction, processing, and transportation equipment.
Ministry of Installation and Special Construction Work
(U-RI. Constructs installations and buildings for the coal,
petroleum, and nuclear power industries; assists in construc-
tion of refineries, pipelines, and drilling rigs; conducts some
drilling and blasting work.
Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water Resources
(U-R). Participates in construction of hydroclcctric plants, in
the control of pollution from thermal power plants. and in
the management of windpowcr facilities; also involved in
construction of petroleum and gas pipelines.
Ministry of Railways (A-I I). -1 ranspurts coal, petroleum
products, and other fuels.
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Energy Balances
The Soviet Union produces nearly one-fifth of
the world's primary energy and is currently the
leading encrg~ exporter and the largest producer
of oil and natural gas. The USSR is third after
the I. nited States and China in coal production.
Domestic production accounts for 99 percent of
total Soviet energy use: imports are more a
matter of geographic convenience than necessi -
tN. The USSR consumes approximately 85 per-
cent of the primary energy it produces and relies
on oil, gas, and coal for the bulk of its energy
needs.
I he overall production rate of primary energy,
after expanding rapidly for two decades, has
slowed considerably during the early I 980s. The
4.5-percent annual growth rate of the 1970s
dropped to about 2.5 percent a year during
1981 -8_'. Soviet plan goals suggest that this
slower rate may continue during the remainder
of the I Ith Five-Year Plan. In addition to the
depletion of the most easily exploitable reserves,
the slower rate of production is because of
inadequate technology and equipment, insuffi-
cient capital investment in some sectors of the
energy industry, and poor logistic coordination
of, materials and supplies.
The Energy Mix
Production of major fuels (oil, natural gas, and
coal) accounts for more than 90 percent of the
Soviet energy mix. Oil production has begun to
level off after three decades of' steady growth.
Output in 1983 was 12.33 million barrels per
day (b/d), just 300,000 b/d more than in 1980.
The production of natural gas, important both
as it substitute for oil domestically and as a
source of hard currency export revenues, has
experienced impressive growth since 1970. Gas
output rose from 3.3 million b/d oil equivalent
in 1970 to 8.9 million b/d oil equivalent in 1983.
Coal output, although increasing 28 percent
since 1960 in terms of energy content, continues
to comprise a decreasing share of primary ener-
gy production.
The shares of different fuels in total Soviet
energy consumption have also shifted signifi-
cantly over the past two decades. Whereas
natural gas provided only 8 percent of Soviet
energy requirements in 1960, it accounted for
29 percent in 1982. During the same period, oil's
share rose from 24 to 37 percent. This growth in
oil and gas occurred at the expense of coal. In
1960 the Soviets relied on coal for more than
one-half of their total energy needs; in 1982 it
provided only 26 percent.
Million
barrels
per day
Percent
oltotal
OPEC l'
17.55
33.4
Li USSR
11.82
22.5
0 United States
8.68
16.5
Western Europe
3.39
6.4
Other
11.15
21.2
Total
52.59
100.0
Billion
cubic
maers
Percent
of
total
USSR
535.7
34.9
United States
452.3
29.5
Western Europe
183.4
12.0
Other
262.0
17.1
Total
1,533.6
100.0
Quadrillion
III)' I
Btu
Percent
of
total
Li United States
17.29
21.8
El China
14.39
18.1
F-1 USSR
13.44
16.9
C7 Western Europe
9.18
11.6
Other
25.12
31.6
Total
79.42
100.0
I IrludCI II, I ILII II gas liquid.
I I,lude, AIFcna. I'cuodor. Gabon. Induncshi_ Iran. liirl_ Kuti:uL I ihya_ Aigcrin. l)al9r. S.iudi Arihiu.
Suurrc_ I nergc ITI lormulion AdnliTI ist ruli nn, I S I)c luirlnicrl utl n:rgm
USSR: Primary Energy
Million harrels per day oil equivalent
35
Production
Consumption
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\lill on h.i n I, pci d,iy oil cplniv,dcnl
1'ruducIiun Imporls I:cporls (ousumplion
I olI I'),Il
1980
Ncpl.
II
fl III I 'U 2 ?11 (I 5 Il ll III I 2ii 2S
Conservation and Substitution USSR: Electricity Balances
Rising costs of energy production have led, as in
the West, to a growing interest in curbing Billion kilovv,ilt-hour.
demand t irough conservation. But by most I,6o(
system. Centralized planning and resource allo- ..T
cation, ar Ificially low energy prices, and incen-
tives gear--d toward meeting quantitative output
goals do not reward innovation or efficient use 1.211()
of resources. Moreover, despite official goals
and pronouncements about saving energy, the
requisite capital and other resources have been
I.Imu
allocated o energy production rather than
conservation.
One of the best opportunities the Soviets have sou
for reduci ig the growth of oil demand is by
substituting natural gas for oil in electric power
plants and large boilers. Such a program re- ('00
quires the construction of long-distance natural
gas transmission pipelines, conversion of older
plants to burn gas, completion of new gas-fired
power plants, and expansion of lateral gas distri- loo
bution lines and storage facilities. Aside from
reduced use of oil in power plants and industrial
boilers, the prospects for substitution are limit-
00
ed. Oil use for transportation and agriculture is
not readily amenable to gas substitution, so that
efforts to hold down oil use in these sectors of
the econoriy must depend largely on
conservation.
lot,il
production
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Foreign Markets
For most of the past decade, Soviet earnings
from energy exports have been increasing, part-
ly as a result of rising prices for oil and gas. The
recent expansion of Soviet exports to the West
has been responsible for important increases in
hard currency earnings necessary for the devel-
opment of new energy resources. The Soviets
have used much of the new revenue to purchase
Western equipment and technology for oil and
gas exploration and production.
Although Soviet increases in oil exports to
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
(CEMA) partners have slowed in recent years,
the continuation of a steady now of energy
resources to Eastern Europe and Cuba remains
a high priority for Moscow. Except for Romania
and Poland, CEMA countries are dependent on
the USSR for large shares of their energy
supplies.
Hard Currency
Before the 1973 Arab oil embargo, Soviet hard
currency earnings from energy exports com-
prised only 20 percent of the USSR's total
yearly commodity export earnings. Some 85 to
90 percent of these energy-derived earnings
Soviet Oil Exports, 1983
came from oil. By 1977 the share of hard
currency earned from oil and gas sales to the
West had grown to more than 50 percent. In
1981 a soft world oil market forced the Soviets
to reduce exports and temporarily settle for
diminished earnings. Nevertheless, in 1982
Moscow achieved a record 28-percent increase
in oil exports to non-Communist customers,
largely through restrictions on deliveries to soft
currency customers.
Oil continues to be the most important source of
hard currency earnings for Moscow, but natural
gas trade with the West is growing. In 1975 gas
provided only 3 percent of hard currency earn-
ings, but by 1982 natural gas earnings had risen
to almost 14 percent of the total. The Soviets
anticipate even greater increases in revenues
from natural gas exports with the large-scale
gas deliveries through the new Siberia-to- West-
ern Europe pipeline.
Trading Partners
CEMA
For nearly two decades, the USSR has been the
principal supplier of energy for its East Europe-
an CEMA allies, Cuba, and Vietnam. During
the 1970s the Soviets provided as much as three-
fourths of the oil consumed by the East Europe-
ans and almost all of the crude oil used by the
Cubans. Most- though not all of these sales
were soft currency or barter deals. To help ease
the economic burden of oil price increases,
Moscow delayed raising the price of oil to its
CEMA partners. Thus, for a number of years
after OPEC's sharp price increases in the I 970s,
the economies of the Soviet allies benefited from
below-world-market prices. During this time,
however, the Soviet Union kept encouraging its
CEMA partners to reduce their dependence on
oil and increase consumption of substitutes such
as gas, coal, and nuclear energy. Moscow also
took steps, including a five-year-moving-average
pricing formula, to discourage future increases
in East European imports of Soviet oil unless the
extra oil was purchased with hard currency.
Finally, in 1982 the Soviets began an actual
cutback in oil deliveries to some CEMA
members.
Historically, the Soviet Union and the East
European CEMA members have worked closely
to develop Soviet energy resources. Thus far, the
gas pipeline from the Orenburg field, also
known as the Soyuz (Union or Alliance) pipeline
and completed in 1978, has been their largest
joint project. The East Europeans provided la-
bor, equipment, and hard currency support in
exchange for future supplies of natural gas.
Country receiving Soviet oil exports
fnuare lhnn 15.000 barrels ner tlayi
Yugo.
eui.
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]'lie production of Soviet nuclear reactors has
also invol~,cd substantial Fast European cooper-
ation. A recent agreement between these coun-
tries and the I. ISSR calls fur the other CEMA
countries to specialize in the production of
Soviet-designed reactor components to be used
in an integrated electrical power system. The
increased nuclear power capacity of the Soviet
Union and the Joint USSR-CEMA projects now
under wa; to improve and enlarge the power
transmiss on system should significantly in-
crease So iet capability to export electricity in
the future.
Cuba, with limited domestic oil resources, has
been hca~ily dependent on the Soviets for virtu-
ally all of its petroleum needs. The construction
of' a Soviet-designed nuclear power station in
Cuba will improve Cuban energy self-sufficien-
cy and de,reasc reliance on Moscow for oil.
Western Europe
Soviet energy trade with Western Europe was
limited until the mid-1970s. Since then, the
share of s rtes from the principal exported coin-
muditics, oil and gas, has become increasingly
important. Currently, the Soviet Union's largest
West European energy customers are West Ger-
many, France, Italy, Austria. Belgium, the
Netherlands, United Kingdom, Sweden. and
Finland.
Between 1978 and 1981, the rapid growth in oil
sales to Western Europe came to an abrupt halt
as conservation efforts "aided" by an oil-
fueled recession by the West Europeans start-
ed to take hold. Beginning in 1982 the Soviets
partially compensated for the reduced hard cur-
rency earnings from long-term contracts by
increasing their spot market sales of' oil at major
West European oil terminals.
In the mid-1970s the West Europeans turned to
the Soviet Union in an effort to diversify their
energy sources. Existing gas contracts from the
late 1960s were expanded. This also led to a
number of new joint projects, of which the most
notable is the Siberia to Western Europe natu-
ral gas pipeline. The terms of many of these
contracts usually include compensation agree-
ments, involving either a form of barter. coun-
terpurchase, or product payback arrangements,
USSR: Oil Exports
1n1IuJim= Rule,ni.i( i~rhn.ln~al. i,i- I.nI t-i m.in.. Ilune.ii
1'~1Lin11 Kuni,in i.i. enJ) ut'n.l.IS 1.1
I SSR: I':nerg) Production Exported
til
\Llh~ni h,i1li I~ I' r il;n
I'rorlu.ilun
I'niLnid. Itnnnian i,i-,inJ lure,Lni.i
Coal I':Icctricil
Billion cuhic meter', Million ton', of roll crluivalent Billion kilowatt-hums
(1(1(1 BOO I_-hill
i 7 (1
I`ihll 6' 80
I:a'tcrn I uropc
(LI ha
~iAVesicrn I`uropc
IOther
in which future sales or delivery of a Soviet
product are linked to an advance sale or delivery
of Western equipment or technology. In ex-
change for providing technological help in con-
structing the Soviet gas pipeline system. the
Europeans receive guaranteed supplies of natu-
ral gas.
Japan
Energy trade with Japan will play an important
role in the development of Fast Siberian re-
sources. Joint Soviet-Japanese development of
Sakhalin Island oil and gas and of East Siberian
coal reserves is now under was. Progress has
been slow, however, as a result of financial
problems and harsh climatic conditions. Cur-
rently, Japan is the primary hard currency
importer of Soviet coking coal.
In addition to the hard currency, technology has
been a significant part of Sovict-.lapanese ener-
gy trade negotiations. The Japanese are a major
supplier of energy technology; Soviet purchases
account for approximately 15 percent of Japa-
nese energy equipment and technology exports.
USSR: Natural Gas Exports
Billion cuhic mcten
,11
I_.ISlcrn kurope
\c'tcrn I uropc
3.3
1960 6S 7(1 7~ SO (0 O
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International Energy
Projects
During the 1970s the Soviet Union entered into
several foreign contract negotiations associated
with domestic energy development. The princi-
pal motivation for these cooperative internation-
al ventures was Soviet desire to increase hard
currency earnings and to acquire essential West-
ern technology and equipment necessary for
resource development. Of' the many cooperative
ventures negotiated with Western countries,
three projects the Siberia to Western Europe
natural gas pipeline, the South Yakutia coal
project, and Sakhalin oil and gas development
have recently received considerable world-
wide publicity.
Two widely publicised liquefied natural gas
(I_NG) projects of the mid-1970s were the North
Star project to ship Urengoy gas to the US cast
coast and the joint USSR-US-Japanese venture
to develop Yakutia gas. Although both projects
have lost US support, the Japanese still have
sonic interest in Yakutia gas development.
Siberia-to-Western Europe
Natural Gas Pipeline
The Siberia to Western Europe natural gas
pipeline is the largest international trade project
the Soviets have undertaken to date. Negotia-
tions for the pipeline began in 1979, and Mos-
cow signed gas purchase agreements in late
1981 with West German and French utilities, in
June 1982 with Austria's Ferngas. and in May
1984 with Italy. Included in the pipeline negoti-
ations were contracts for Soviet purchases of
large-diameter pipe, turbine compressors, and
related equipment from the major West Europe-
an countries and Japan. Installation of the
pipeline in the Soviet section was completed in
September 1983; all compressors were to be in
place in 1984. Plans call for partial deliveries of
gas to start in 1984 and full deliveries to begin
in 1987.
The Soviet Union has been exporting gas to
Western Europe since the early 1970s. Between
1968 and 1975 Moscow concluded several "gas
for pipe" agreements with Austria, France,
Italy, and West Germany. Under these agree-
merits, the USSR purchased large quantities of
large-diameter pipe and other gas-related equip-
ment with long-term, government-backed cred-
its. To repay the loans and earn foreign ex-
change, the USSR contracted for long-term
deliveries of natural gas to Western Europe.
The USSR will be able to use a combination of
the existing Soyui (Orenburg) pipeline, domestic
trunklincs, and East European transit lines to
supplement the initial throughput of the export
pipeline which began in early 1984. With the
completion of the new 32-billion-cubic-meter-
capacity export pipeline, total Soviet deliveries
to Western Europe eventually could reach 60
billion cubic meters per year. They were almost
29 billion cubic meters in 1983.
Siberia-to-Western Europe Natural Gas Pipeline
Imported large-diameter pipe sections at Lenin-
grad port.
WIT Z
Soviet-made excavator being used to dig pipe-
line trench.
Pipe sections are transported br trucks from
railcards to the construction .site.
Pipe sections being welded by manual, arc-
welding technique.
Welded pipe is coated, wrapped, and positioned Concrete blocks are used in areas of swamp and
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The Pipeline Route
Geugraphi ;Illy, the Soviet portion of the pipe-
line runs 4,451 kilometers from Urengov in the
northern portion of the West Siberian basin to
Uzhgorod it the ('zechoslovak border. The pipe-
line route traverses some 700 kilometers of
swamp and marshland, 2,000 kilometers of for-
est, and 550 kilometers of rocky terrain includ-
ing the I. r ll and Carpathian mountain ranges.
I he construction route also crosses nearly 600
rivers and ;trcams including the Ob' in West
Siberia and the Volga, I)on, and Dnepr in
Luropean ISSR. The 2.5-kilometer Volga Riv-
ength 4,451 kilometers
(E;rengoy-Uzhgorod)
Capacity 32 billion cubic meters
per year
Pipe 2.7 million tons, 1,420-nn
diameter
Operating 75 atmospheres
pressure
Compressor 41 (40 with three 25-MW gas-
stations turbine compressors each: one
with five 10-MW gas-turbine
compressors)
Total cost $22 billion ($7 billion in hard
currency)
Completion 1983 (pipelaving)
1984 (compressor stations)
South Yakutia Coal Region
Desovskoye11~
iron ore deposit
x
Teye
on ore deposit
P io nerskoye
iron ore deposit
Chul'man' Neryungri
Thermal Power
NeryungriG Station
?13an urvs kaye
Sknvnrodino- .Never
In the European USSR, the pipeline route cross-
es several of the country's most heavily populat-
ed and industrialized regions. Interconnecting
the region's existing gas pipeline network with
the export pipeline enables the Soviets to better
respond to changing demand for gas.
Sakhalin Oil and Gas Project
The USSR reached a general agreement with
Japan in 1975 for the joint development of
S uvetskatyt,
(;,rvan
Arc,i nl lvincipol
unshirte nilhelrls
Moskal vo
?Okha
Coal rlnponit
Sakhalin's offshore petroleum resources. The
agreement calls for SODECO --a consortium of
Japanese petroleum and trading companies and
one US firm, Gulf Oil-- to finance the explora-
tion and development of the offshore reserves
through credits extended by Japan's Export-
Import Bank. In return, SODECO is to receive
Soviet oil and gas at preferential prices.
The joint Soviet-Japanese venture to exploit
Sakhalin offshore oil resources is similar in
many respects to the Siberia to Western Eu-
rope natural gas pipeline project. It includes the
purchase of Western petroleum equipment fi-
nanced through credits guaranteed by Western
governments in exchange for Soviet repayment
through the transfer of energy resources. In
addition, the project will boost Soviet hard
currency earnings.
Moscow will also acquire offshore experience
and technology that could be extremely useful
should the Soviets begin intensive exploitation of
the potentially rich hydrocarbon deposits of the
Barents and Kara Seas. The Sakhalin project
will give the Japanese an opportunity to further
diversify their oil and gas sources.
Work on the Sakhalin project has not met the
projected plans. Exploration, already hampered
by the short, ice-free drilling season, has also
been delayed by equipment shortages and deci-
sions to drill convenient but unproductive struc-
tures. Thus far, two fields -Odoptu and
Chayvo-have been discovered off the northeast
coast of Sakhalin Island.
South Yakutia Coal Project
A third major Soviet energy development facili-
tated by international investment and coopera-
tion is the South Yakutia coal project. Terms of
this cooperative venture with Japan, which be-
gan in 1975, call for the Japanese to receive
specified percentages of the 9 million metric
tons of annual coking coal production as repay-
ment for their financial and technical
investment.
The first stage of the South Yakutia coal project
includes development of the Ncrvungri strip
mine, installation and operation of imported
mining equipment, a coal concentration facility
to treat exported coal, and the first section of
the Neryungri Thermal Power Station, where
the first 210-MW generator started up in late
1983. The project, made possible by the con-
struction of the Bamovskaya-Tynda-Bcrkakit
(Little BAM) railroad, is scheduled for comple-
tion in 1985, nearly two years behind schedule.
Limited coal production began in late 1978
when the Little BAM reached the mine. Pro-
duction has grown from 400,000 tons in 1979 to
more than 5 million tons in 1983.
The Soviets are hopeful the new Siberian town
of Neryungri, in addition to being the major
industrial city and energy hub of the South
Yakutia region, will become one of the largest
industrial complexes in Eastern Siberia. Be-
cause of the high quality of Yakutia's coking
coal and the availability of nearby Aldan iron
ore deposits, Neryungri is also being considered
as a possible location for steel manufacture.
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Fuel Resources
Until recently, the Soviet Union has been able to
find, extract, transport, and process its vast fuel
resources at a rate sufficient to support rapid
economic growth. But, beginning in the late
1970s, supplies of oil and coal, which together
contribute nearly two-thirds of' Soviet primary
energy production, have suffered setbacks. En-
ergy costs are rising because of the growing
remoteness and lower quality of the newly dis-
covered resources. Reports of fuel shortages and
a growing energy conservation campaign attest
to growing fuel supply problems. A current
sloyydown in the growth rate of oil production,
uncertainty about the future world market for
natural gas despite long-term contracts with the
West Europeans, and stagnating coal output are
major causes of' concern for Soviet energy
planners.
Ilistorically, the large urban and industrial cen-
ters west of the Urals were almost totally de-
pendent on plentiful nearby fuel resources.
These western resources now provide only about
50 percent of the energy needs of the European
USSR: the rest come from newly discovered
reserves in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, the Urals,
and Siberia. Although the Soviets have signifi-
cant oil, gas, and coal resources in these south-
ern and eastern regions, with the exception of
natural gas they have been unable to develop
them fast enough to keep pace with the expand-
ing economy and replace the rapidly depleting
and more accessible reserves near the consum-
ing centers of the European USSR. Develop-
ment of' these new energy resources has been
slow for a variety of reasons, ranging from the
need for specialized equipment and technology
to the requirement for enormous additional in-
vestment. Additionally, geographic con-
straints climate, terrain, and distance have
compounded the problems associated with ex-
ploiting and transporting these resources.
The Soviet system of reserve classification for
both major and minor fuel resources is very
different from that used in the West. The Soviet
reserve categories A, B, C,, C., D? and D,--
are based primarily on the degree of exploration
and delineation drilling that has been carried
out and cannot be directly equated to the West-
ern categories of proved, probable, and possible
reserves, which are based on prevailing econom-
ic and technological factors.
USSR/US: Reserves of Major Fuels, Yearend 1983a
Crude Oil
Billion barrels
Natural Gas Coal h
Trillion cubic meters Billion metric tons coal equivalent
100
50
200
45
180
40
160
70
Range of
estimates
35
140
30
120
USSR United States 0
The portion of total resources I,,c?ed is cxplnitahle under loruI economic Lon (I itinns and ne:nlahIC Iechnningu
Yearend 1950.
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Soiiet t'nion: Reserve Classification System
VIt ui ,pit
Pr I~ible
P, k
"A" (';ite,orv
Pro
ved
? Geologically and geophysically examined in detail
Reserves which geological and engineering or drilling
? I)elincated by exploration and production over the
data demonstrate to be recoverable under existing
whole deposit
economic and operating conditions
? Ingineering data demonstrate recoverability
Probable
? Represent reserves in current production
Incompletely defined reserves estimated to occur:
''B" (atcttor\
? Geologically and geophysically examined in detail
? In known producing areas
? As extensions of endowed areas
? F:valu.ited by drilling to a degree adequate for
developnicnt planning
? In undiscovered areas within known resource-bear-
ing geologic trends
? I'ngincering data demonstrate recoverability
? Recoverable under existing economic and operating
? Represent on-hold reserves or unused producing
conditions
capac ty
Possible
"('," ('atcgorN
Inferred reserves estimated to occur:
? Represent reserves adjacent to "A" and "B"
.
? In undiscovered areas analogous to other known
categories
resource-bearing areas
? Geologically and geophysically evaluated
? Recoverable under existing economic and operating
? Veriti:d by minimal drilling
conditions
? l'ngiricering data demonstrate partial recoverability,
and a'erage 30 percent will shift to "B" and then
"A" categories
- Category
? Presumed to exist, based on favorable geologic and
geophysical data analogous to that for areas contain-
ing verified reserves
? Some will shift to higher categories
-D,- ('atcgory
? Speculative reserves presumed to exist on the basis
of' geologic analogy to reference areas
? Some will shift to "C," category
"I)." Category
? Speculative reserves presumed to exist on the basis
of geologic analogy to reference area
? Less geologically and geophysically evaluated than
"I)'' category
? Some will shift to "') " category.
Oil and gas exploration on Mangvshlak Penin-
sula, North Caspian.
Extraction of lignite from a Kansk-Achinsk
surface mine, Central Siberia.
;0 00 a&
Central control room of exploratory' drill ship
Viktor Muravle;tko.
Construction workers study' blueprints for
Urenggp gas turbines.
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Oil and Gas
The Soviet Union, abundantly endowed with
energy resources, is now the world's leading oil
and natural gas producer and a substantial net
exporter of both fuels. As Soviet planners have
become aware of their abundant supplies of
these resources over the past three decades, they
have relied heavily on them to meet the growth
in demand. Oil and gas have fueled national
economic growth, and the expansion of key
sectors of the economy is tied to their availabil-
ity. The Soviets' rich resources of oil and gas
have allowed Moscow to provide the CEMA
countries and other client states with low-cost
energy and to export crude oil, natural gas, and
petroleum products to the West in exchange for
hard currency. Oil and gas have also become
essential elements in the USSR's strategic posi-
tion and a symbol of national pride.
Oil and gas resources are widely scattered
throughout the Soviet Union but, by and large,
are poorly located with respect to areas of
demand. With the exception of the Volga-Urals
oil region and the Ukrainian SSR gas region,
both now on the decline, the economic and
population heartland in the west contains mostly
minor oil- and gas-bearing basins. The large
sedimentary basins containing the main reserves
that will provide the USSR with most of its oil
and gas for the rest of this century are in the
once virtually unpopulated West Siberia region,
where severe environmental conditions, inade-
quate economic infrastructure, and high devel-
opment costs will hamper exploitation.
Oil and Gas Regions
Ukraine Miscow
The rapid increase in Soviet oil and gas produc-
tion is a testament to the size of the reserve
base, which by most estimates is among the
largest in the world. The Soviets' strong position
in oil and gas production should continue into
the next century since a number of major
potential hydrocarbon-bearing regions remain
virtually unexplored and exploration of offshore
areas other than the Caspian is just beginning.
Oil Reserves
Since 1947 Moscow has treated the size and
location of its oil reserves as a state secret,
publishing only occasional, fragmentary, and
inconsistent data. Most US and West European
oil experts believe that Soviet proved reserves
are in the range of 60-80 billion barrels, about
10 to 12 percent of the world's total. Reserves in
geologically promising but unexplored areas
such as the Barents and Kara Seas and East
Siberia could significantly raise the overall
amount of proved reserves, putting the USSR in
an enviable position compared to other industri-
alized nations.
Potential oil reserves, however, hold little signif-
icance for the Soviet oil supply during the 1980s
and into the 1990s. Current production will
depend almost entirely on hydrocarbon-bearing
structures already discovered whose reserves can
be rapidly exploited. As the Soviets have been
forced to move their search for new deposits into
more remote parts of West Siberia, they have
encountered smaller fields, lower production lev-
els, and increased development costs.
Timan-
Pechora
West
Siberia
Lena-
Tunguska
Volga-
Urals
North
Caucasus
North
Caspian
Trans-
caucasus
Baku
Baku, on the shores of the Caspian Sea, was the
earliest center of extractive activity, but it de-
clined rapidly after World War II. The Soviets
then moved in the 1950s and 1960s to the north
and east into their "second Baku," the Volga-
Urals basin. The Volga-Urals was the focus of
Soviet oil activity for two decades and is still the
second-largest producing area. Production from
this region is now declining as major fields and
reserves are being depleted.
In the early 1960s large new reserves were
discovered in the remote and environmentally
hostile West Siberian basin, which contains the
richest known nydrocarbon deposits in the coun-
try. This prolific basin provided most of the
growth in oil output during the 1970s and early
1980s and, according to Soviet statements, will
remain the leading producing region into the
1990s.
Although West Siberian oil production is ex-
pected to increase for several more years, the
rate of growth has slowed. Some oil industry
officials are now arguing openly that the Soviets
must search more aggressively for new reserves
in virgin regions of the country such as East
Siberia and offshore basins in the Kara and
Barents Seas. The Soviets acknowledge, howev-
er, that production from these areas will not
begin during this decade.
East
Siberia
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Natural Gas Reserves
I r'like tFe polirv for oil reserves, the Soviets do
publish nformation about the site and location
of their enormous natural gas reserves. In Janu-
ar 1983 the Soviet I anion had explored reserves
of about 14 trillion cubic meters, 40 percent of
the csorld's total and enough to sustain rapid
growth in production for several decades. Al-
though tl-c rate of discover' of new reserves has
slowed Considerably since the mid-1970s, total
reserves probably will continue to rise for the
near- tern. File location of these rescrvcs, how-
ever, has created serious production and trans-
portation problems because most are concentrat-
ed in remote Arctic regions. The northern part
of I lumen' Oblast in AVest Siberia contains
about 80 percent of the Soviet gas reserves.
Soviet na oral gas production, like that of oil,
has increased through the successive develop-
nunt of newly discovered rescrvcs. 13y the time
the North Caucasus region, which was predomi-
nanl in the early postwar years, reached its peak
in the Tate 1900s, the I.'krainian gasfields had
been developed and accounted for most of the
grocsth in production until the carts 1970s.
Subseque rtly, gasficlds in C'cntral Asia, the
Orenburg region of the Volga-Urals, and the
Komi :ASSR mere developed and provided much
of the growth during the mid-1970s. (rowwth in
these regi )us has slocced, and West Siberia is
nocc the primary Soviet gas-producing area. Six
northern 'I sumcn' fields Urengov, Yaniburg,
/apol~;rrnuvc, Aledve,h'}c, Kharasavev, and
Rocanenk) together hold more than three-
fourths of \Vest Siberia's rescrvcs. Urengov,
with rrscrccs of almost 8 trillion cubic meters, is
the world's largest gasfield.
No necv, urge natural gas region is being devel-
oped as a successor to West Siberia, but its
enormous reserves are believed to be large
enough to support sustained growth into the
nest centr.rv. Long-terns future expansion is
likrlc to d.pcnd on Finding nccy gas reserves in
last Siberia, the Soviet Far last, and offshore
areas such as the 13arcnts and Kara Seas.
(;as Condensate
In addition to Crude oil and gas, the Soviet
I pion possesses large reserves of condensate
the liquid hydrocarbons that condense from
associated and nonassociated gas when it is
extracted front the reservoir which are includ-
ed in oil production statistics. Out of a total oil
output of' 1 2.33 million barrels per day (b/d) in
1081, about (10,000 bid are believed to be gas
Condensate.:A]though Moscow has never pub-
lished official reserve totals for gas condensate,
limited data I'rom the gas ministry suggest that
the condensate reserve base is more than large
enough to support current and future output
requirrmc its well into the next century.
Reserves in ,ieolo,gicallrr promising but unexplored areas such as the Barents and Kara Seas
Reserves CI gas Condensate are widrl} distribut and Last Siberia could .signi/icantlr raise proved reveries.
ed in nran> parts of the USSR, with numerous
deposits n A\est Siberia, Komi ASSR, Central
.Asia, and the t kraine. West Siberia may con- serve base is located at a relatively small num-
tain is much as tero-thirds of all USSR conden- bcr of large fields such as Orenburg in the
sate resources, primarily at Ilrrngoy and the southern Urals, Vuktvi in the Komi ASSR, and
large oilf'iclds of the middle Ob' region. The the high-sulfur gasfields of Central Asia.
rcnr,rining portion of' the known condensate re-
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The West Siberian Oil and
Gas Region
Although it possesses one of the Earth's most
forbidding and difficult environments, West Si-
beria produces 60 percent of the nation's oil and
roughly 50 percent of its natural gas, having
surpassed the declining Volga-Urals region in
oil output in 1978 and Soviet Central Asia in
gas production in 1979. To meet Soviet domestic
and export needs for these fuels by 1985, the
region, according to the current five-year plan
(1981-85), will have to produce 63 percent of the
nation's oil (8 million b/d are planned) and
increase its share of natural gas production to 57
percent (357 billion cubic meters). As production
moves farther north in West Siberia, the aver-
age cost per unit of output will rise because of
higher operating and investment outlays re-
quired for exploration, extraction, and
transportat1o11.
The oil and gas region is in the West Siberian
lowland, one of the world's largest and flattest
plains, and, consequently, one of the most poorly
drained and flood prone. More than half of the
land area of West Siberia is swamp or marsh-
land. In the spring, flood waters of the Ob' and
Irtysh Rivers, flowing from the south, are
jammed by ice that has not yet melted in the
north, and broad areas arc inundated.
In addition, severe winter temperatures and cold
winds make the West Siberian oil and gas
region one of' the harshest environments in
which to work in the world. Before the discovery
of oil and gas in 1960, the entire area was
uninhabited wilderness except for hunters and
trappers. All endeavors entail a struggle against
the environment and result in sharply increased
costs to exploit West Siberia's valuable hydro-
carbon resources.
All seasons in some way seriously impair the
effectiveness of men and machines in northern
Siberia. The severe cold in winter as well as the
swampy conditions in summer reduce the service
life of vehicles and machinery. Average winter
temperatures of - 20?C and below substantially
reduce workers' productivity; Soviet work regu-
lations prohibit outdoor work when tempera-
tures reach -40?C and wind speeds exceed 15
meters per second. This produces a windchill
effect comparable to 110? F and causes bare
skin to freeze in less than 30 seconds. Moreover,
swarms of flies and mosquitoes, which saturate
the region during the warn season, take an
additional toll on worker eflicicncy and health.
Geologic Setting
Occupying an area of' more than 3 million
square kilometers, the West Siberian basin is
the largest structural-sedimentary basin in the
world. Favorable geologic conditions have also
made it, in the estimation of most petroleum
geologists, one of the better locations in the
world for the accumulation of hydrocarbon
deposits.
Geologically, the basin deepens to the north,
where the sediments generally range up to 6 to 8
kilometers in thickness. In the southern and
central parts of the basin, the sediments are 3 to
5 kilometers thick. The sedimentary cover of the
basin consists of marine and continental deposits
of the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Paleocene ages,
overlain by more recent glacial, lake, and
stream deposits.
Surface elevations seldom exceed 100 meters
above sea level except on an east-west line of low
glacial hills that divides the region into two
*May rr(voscrrt nrultil>le Ines
RI'tr'i (o naltc 66 for
rlassiti .,N nn nt held si. e
West Siberian Oil and Gas Region
-1 -
Oil Important Gas
fields
Supergiant
Giant
Other
1,020 mm
and larger
Other
Svetlyy
Sergino?
Nyakh,
Labytnangi
Salekhard
Staryy Nadyrn.
Nadym*
Novyy
Port
parts. To the south of this divide, where the
main oil deposits have been found, rivers now
southward to the middle Ob' River; to the north,
where the region's natural gas is found, they
flow northward to the lower Ob' and the Arctic
Ocean.
Development
Following the initial discovery of gas at Bere-
zovo in the mid-1950s and oil at Shaim in 1960,
the search for hydrocarbons shifted to the mid-
Mamontovoo Pyt'-Yakh
Novyy
Urengoy.
Pangody.
Raduz h nyy.
Novoagansk.
Surgut Langepas
Megion
. Nefteyugansk
Mamontovo Nizhnevartovsk
?~Pyf-Yakh
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die Oh, region. I let c, during the I900s, the
SIIv lets discovered :Ind hcg:ul developing a num-
her of oilfield. vvitl) relatively high-quality
reservoir;
I'c in)nlensc Sanlollor oilfield as discovered
I
in the Middle Oh' region of I')unien' Oblast in
I')h~ In(j put into production in 19h1). The
supcrgiant S,inlotlor field near Nizhnevartovsk
\\as soon rccoeniicd as one of the largest oil-
ftcll.ls in the world. During, the 1970s Sanu)tlor
he) tielllements
\101 keV Av I'll tiihrrl,ln seitlenlrnt, deceIoi'ed 1(0119 n)alor
vv.uelvv,ns I, 1411s and'111'1 lv h;ue, I'll the region's c:nrl\
e,l)Ior,ilioll Soul deveI linen( A1;11iv heeame floor,ulihly
.ind 'lou,nlr center, on the road out rail ,Asleln, that later
,enet t.l led Ile regr,II I I Iles noun wel'l' :is the Iooeit se, of tie
egil n., eAI a?Ili nlg pipeline and petroleum Ilrieessi ng
I'l, IIt Ie,
I ahtinang1111 i t s 11 .'I I I Pwl,uI'll ioil e,l 11,001).
I, rI Ihi, I iilhcad on the (ewer ()h" cart.? is tramlerred to
nuii.lll IS nuul for g,is C\1,1('11,111011 ,ircas
\lamontuti I')1'-AAll i10 J) A ?_' 4' I , 10 4, \
,0 I I P 1',,ul,Ill,,n est 11),1)011- I loosing out storage area,
.u Al,tinonl Ill) ,el)Icnlem Ind Till' adlaient 1',t' -A All rail
urln 511 )''ll Al.unont~nw oillicId
\ICgintt 011 01 t)1 I 1 11ol,ula1i,ul: col vCr 10,000
\leeion I,rrside, housing ,Ind Iogisuc sul'IsIrt lit surruund-
inc 0il11eld, All neither mold, Iead I,) these Bald' ;Ind to
\1, 11110,111 I\sk
\alhm In, I, N 1.' I ) I'?I,ulauwil est 4),0110 One it
the I.Ir1?e,t nh,nl eCnter, In the northern g;I, deselol)nlcnt
nr I hoes ,shoo('. ,lore,, .ind eolmllllnily sets lees G)r vrwrkcrs
of the surf, unding g,l, region Its I,ihul:Iti?n is e,hecicd to
ill, re.lse to 111,111 t "iii))))
\ehc)ugan,k ti,l "1 V 'a is I I I'opul;umn cot -11,01)0
1'):; II I ITC is the I,rnn,irv purl ;Ind ,tllgslv ha,c tar the
\1,i1110nto\i, out l I n.il\k oilfield, It is linked io them h\
.III ?e,ll her
\iihnctartotsk 0,0 si V 'i, 15 1 1 Potullation c,r 175,01)0
i'):K ii Av Ine%,lri ssk sit sport, the Samotlor oilfield and
smalls( lien(, ncarhv It his eytcnsnr poll taeilities on the
Oh Miler, I I.Il1 Ill. vvIlh Surgllt, all-51e litter road,. and 111
Sill bilei
\ntoagansl, Ii,l ' V 'o JIM I'l,ulalian cot 7,111111- I
atrd at thv v+esleln edge of the A ii'Veg,m oil-producing
ue I. Aovo.Igansk is .l support h;l,c for nil C\111k)IIatioll 'Ind
11,ur.I,, rt
\0111 I reugn) 111 0(, \ 1 1, 1 1 Pulwl,ition rot '2',00))
5J1 Awvvv t rang,)). sewed hV raiI and air, i, the main
'111'1 sort elt\ I'm The t r'ngo\ natural gaslicld Industries and
I11g 1 [ 1,l' 1II Ir tll]ClllN are under eoll,Irltetuoll
\uNabr'sk li 1 tt5 \ ', ..' I-i Population cst 'x,0110
111 Am.ihr',k. ,1 less urban center tot the hholnx)gory
,,illirld .III(] olhrl , it old goes r,l,lwualiwn, his a railer%cd
,I nI,Ige ,Ire.( soveilllg t., t(((here kllolllelers
I.iiigudl l1, I V '4 )) I ) Populaiiwn col (,,till)) Pan-
)z,al\ 1, the hone oI the \ledvr,h')e gaslield
Ra111Vhnv) Ii, 0i, A 11 1.1 I'opuLltion rot 5,000 - R:i-
du/l Is A ,ll.,par1, nail h\ nllhcld, and i, the Icrnlinu, of Ili
All \\e,Ilher load (roil( \iihnrc;lrtrn,k, 14)) kill to tile ,outlt
tiergiulo w.' it) \ 1, IS I I I'ul,ulatiwn: col 1,)1)1)) Sergi i i
is I 1.111 terIllinll, Nheie e,Irgw is transferred to rivercr:Itl Sr
Ill ir,Ieks {(Sng Illy vslnler road Iw the t rrngw\ g,I,lield
titan) Aadtnt i1' t, \ 4'1 -1 Population e,L _0110
his c,h,Inslnig poll serves the City of NadVni II I kill
,,u'h\\csll?Ili] the \ledccch')e,Ind t rengo) ga,Iicld,.
Stnvhesm hi) -' 14 1.1 Pol,ul:iiiwn_ est I(1,000
I'Ii1. 10 kill ,,Miles,( of \iihnes,irtrnsk NIIppk)ItN tile
ovctskovc oilfield and Inay support nrvv oil esploralion
.Ilan? the \,Ikll Riscr
Surgut 111 14 V - , -'0 I 1 Pol,ulation ell 188,1)0)) ( 1954)
luigilt 1, tl e kev housing, Indu,iri,iI, and stipplV center of
the middle M), oil eagle ll, it h;i, turge meel)ani,ed port
I.leiliuies. ill III-\\rather airport, and rail lacilitics
I ray Ito 0, \ of 45 1 1 I'opulauon: est. _'1(,(100 1 to,,
vvIii'Ii ulq,oris Sill all r,pluilaiion area nest of the Oh', is
seised by nverer Itl mid m all-vneIther airport: a dirt road
ronneets lo I r,illhe,sl.lt \le,hduieehenski\
t rcngo) Ii'' ,5 V -5 " I 1 Population: cst 9,0110
I)esel0l,inel t of l rengo\ gastlrl,ls stimul:ucd sonsitustion
of port (;lei rues ,nut stwrllge errs' I hr,e tasiliues lie e,-
,.inding .Romig the left hank to the 'tic of The r,Iilv,ird u)d
'ii riled ells III t ikhl\
Population and Settlement
Population growth particularly urban has
been dramatic during the two decades since oil
and gas exploitation began in West Siberia. In
the two administrative Subunits of' '1 run)en'
Oblast where energy development is now con-
centrated, the population increased from
180,000 in 1959 to 1.2 million in 1983. or from
one-tenth to one-fourth of West Siberia's total.
Whereas urban residents comprised less than
half of the population in 1951), in 1984 four-
fifths of the total lived in 44 urban settlements.
01' the 44 urban places, 38 were founded after
1960 Lind 26 of these are oil and gas related: the
largest are Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk.
The rapid and large population influx into West
Siberia has required the construction of a net-
work of settlements with attendant housing,
stores, schools, clinics, utilities, and rcl.lted in-
dustrial installations. Lack of con)fortable hous-
ing and amenities is the primary reason that
four-fifths of the 500.000 migrants who arrive
ycarly soon leave the region.
Population Trends in
Tyumenskaya Ohiast'
S.nna1,,-Ncnci,ki)
5uI ii I its UAru(
(IILIII)k ,J. 1, 'IU11i
lr s
r R% r d( ~' ~~ >~
r ~\wv~~ ;.
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
surpassed Ronlashkino to become the Soviet's
premier oilfield and was singularly responsible
I'or the rapid growth in Soviet oil output during
that decade. By 1980 Samotlor was yielding
about 25 percent of total Soviet oil production
and accounted for about 50 percent of West
Siberian oil output. Production at Fedorovo,
West Siberia's second-largest oilfield, started in
1973 and began to grow rapidly following the
intensification of drilling in the late I 970s as
output from Samotlor was beginning to level off.
In 1982 I-edorovo accounted for approximately
0 percent of Soviet national output.
I'.xplored natural gas deposits in West Siberia
;ire concentrated in the Arctic regions of the
Isumen' Oblast. Production from Medvezh'yc,
which began in 1972, and from Urengoy, which
began in 1978, is to be followed by Yamburg
and ultimately extend to other supergiants
Zapolyarno}c, Kharasaver. and Bovancnko.
North of 64 degrees N latitude, West Siberian
oil and gas exploration and extraction are af-
f'cctcd by frozen ground or permafrost a phe-
nomenon that occurs where mean annual ten)-
peratures arc below freezing. Permafrost
complicates all oil and gas activity and seismic
cxploration: special drilling muds and concretes
arc necessary to avoid alternate freezing and
thawing problems, and well casing has to be
carefully insulated to prevent collapse. Alaintc-
nancc of facilities is often more expensive than
their initial construction since seasonal freezing
and thawing cause the ground to heave, crack-
ing foundations and collapsing structures.
In the northernmost areas, permafrost is gener-
allv continuous and lies within I or 2 meters of
the surface, creating surface drainage problems.
Only a shallow laver of soil thaws each summer.
Southward, the surface laver that freezes and
thaws Seasonally becomes deeper and the under-
Iying permafrost becomes discontinuous. At its
southernmost limits, permafrost is reduced to
sporadic patches, as in the Surgut and Nizhnc-
vartovsk areas.
\rti\, l.w'i
l'l' A Sc.nnnal Ircciin
I ilitu,lC
I viIil)CiIs Lul i I IhLi,l
R ii I111Ui I,ui
nurlhcln ?Anlu,
Rhani, \I.nls -1,1l'
\lil,~nniiiu,Iv Ifni('
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
Administration of West Siberian
Development
The buildup of the region has involved the
efforts of 20 ministries and state agencies pursu-
ing their own plans. Concerned about the poorly
coordinated management of the region, Moscow
in 1981 established the unique, interdepartmen-
tal Territorial Commission for the Development
of' the West Siberian Oil and Gas Complex.
I Icadquartcred in Tyumen', this group includes
31 major directors and heads of organizations
responsible for development in West Siberia.
Representatives from the State Planning Com-
mittee (Gosplan) and the Central Committee of
the Communist Party of' the USSR also partici-
pate. I he commission has no authority of its
osrn and must submit its proposals and recom-
mendations for regional development directly to
Gospla n.
"Transportation Systems
The construction and maintenance of a reliable
transportation network are essential in develop-
ing West Siberian resources, which are located
thousands of kilometers f'roni material suppliers
and markets. Nearly all construction material,
equipment, and consumer goods are imported
into the West Siberian oil and gas region, and
transport systems are severely strained.
The Trans-Siberian Railroad crosses the West
Siberian plain a few hundred kilometers south
of' the oil and gas region. In addition, only one
trunk railroad extends into the main oil and gas
region -a single-track, diesel-traction line from
the Urals, via Tyumen', to Surgut, Nizhnevar-
tovsk, and, in 1983, northward to Novyy Uren-
goy. The oilfields west of the Ob' are served by a
rail line from the Urals. Another line brings
freight to Sergino for transfer to ships and
barges on the Ob' or, in winter, to trucks for
long hauls via winter roads to the northern
gasfields. A rail line to Labytnangi on the Ob'
also brings freight to be transferred to the river
fleet. A temporary gasfield rail line shuttling
freight from the river port at Starvy Nadym to
the Medvezh'yc and Urengoy gasfields is now
being converted to a regular railroad extending
the line that reached Novyy Urengoy in 1983.
After 20 years of building, the region's road
network is still poorly developed, and the de-
nmand for roads grows faster than they are built.
The situation is similar to the one faced by the
United States in exploiting Alaska's energy
resources. There are few all-weather (paved or
gravel) roads, and most others are often impass-
able between May and September. In winter,
however, cross-country travel is accomplished on
ice roads built by spreading water over the
ground or on snow roads built by compacting
snow.
Without passable roads through the swamps,
many supply and construction activities must
wait until winter. Winter roads are vital to early
exploitation of new fields and for pipeline con-
struction and maintenance. An impressive ex-
ample that serves both these purposes is a 700-
kilometer winter road linking the Scrgino rail
terminus to Novyy Urengoy.
Despite the short navigation season caused by
long and severe winters, waterways play a key
role as links between railroads and the roads
serving the fields. Most river freight to the oil
and gas region is routed downstream (north)
from rail/river junctions at Omsk, Novosibirsk,
Tobol'sk, and Tyumen' to the sub-Arctic ports
such as Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk on the
middle Ob'.
The navigation season ranges from five months
(late May to late October) at Surgut to less than
a
fir transport, particularily hr helicopters, is commonly used to augment road, rail, and water transport in West Siheria.
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 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
one nron',h at the eytrenie northern hurt of
\vd,r. I)urine thi?c,n on, Much of the lmeight I,
tr;ru,Icrrcd to snr;rll ,hiln ;uni barge, fur trap,
Inert uh ,mall ri\er,. ,oeh ;r, the :\e;rn in the
ntiddic (Ih' region ;end the '~,tdvm and Pur
I,rr.lie1 north.
\\ Irilr ii lran,hurl pru\ ide, onl\ a ,nt;tll
her- "I tine cargo ntmcd into the region, it i,
Imrtienl;trl\ intl,ortant hccaa,e it earn he used
tv I-en other mode, of tran,hortrtiun ;ire un;r~ail
.thle l c; around or link, have been c,tahlished
he' neon rn;rlon SM Ict eitic,, ,ueh a, A1o,cm~
antl (helv;ihin,k, and the limper cities of the
e ion ;argot. Acftcvogan,k, Aiihnevar-
tov'k, titre; hetov. Ao%vv l renrov. and \advm.
I IelieoI)I~1 1),It i, ire loe;tted ;rlnto,t cver-\
ettlenlent ,rnri drilling ;rrc;r. helicopter, ;ere
u,ed in I;i~ing pipe, building eunrpre?or
uu,, h.n line. ,applie,, delivering licld crc~??
nd eun,trnettne po~~erlinc,-
l)nrin,p snnnuc?r, ricer harg't s are /rcc/tcrntl.r lived to Ircn.sport rips to mitt drilling site's.
1anrot/or oillicld and nearby Oh' River a.s .seen.lrom Landsat.
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 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
Other Major Oil and
Gas Regions
Volga-Urals
The Volga-Urals oil-producing region covers
about 500,000 square kilometers between the
Volga River and the Ural Mountains. It pro-
duces 25 percent of the USSR's oil second
Only to West Siberia. The region includes the
Tatar, Bashkir, and Udmurt Republics and the
Kuvbv shev and Perm' Oblasts. Other oblasts
usually associated with the region are Orenburg,
Saratov, and Volgograd.
Production in the "second Baku" began in the
1930s, but growth in oil Output did not start to
accelerate until the I95Os, when the supergiant
Romashkino and Arlan fields and several other
major deposits were developed. The Volga-Urals
was the leading oil-producing region from the
I950s until it was surpassed by West Siberia in
1978.
Output from all nialor producing areas of the
Volga-Urals has been declining since it peaked
at 4.5 million b/d in 1975. Many fields have
been producing for 20 to 30 years and their
casily obtainable reserves are nearly depleted.
Production wells arc lifting increasing amounts
of water with the remaining oil. Even with
deeper drilling efforts and expanded use of
secondary and enhanced oil recovery techniques,
the region's share of national output has been
steadily declining. It is doubtful that production
from newer fields in the l;dmurt ASSR and
else here in the region will be sufficient to slow
the overall decline of the Volga-Urals.
Significant gas production in the Volga-Urals
began with the development of the giant Oren-
burg field, southvyest of the Ural Mountains, in
the late I960s. Most of Orenburg's gas has been
exported since the CEMA nations completed
the Orenburg or Soyu/ pipeline to Eastern
Europe in 1978. An additional large gas deposit
is being developed at Karachagunak, south of
Orenburg in Kazakhstan.
Timan-Pechora (Komi ASSR)
The Tinian-Pechora basin is a sedimentary ba-
sin of 350,000 square kilometers in the north-
eastern part of the European USSR. It is part of
two administrative subdivisions: the Komi
ASSR and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Development of the petroleum basin occurred in
two phases. The first phase was from the early
1930s to the I050s when the area south of the
Pechora and Usa Rivers was explored and small
oil and gas fields were put into production. The
second phase began in the early 1960s with the
exploration of Arctic areas nearer the Barents
Sea. Iwo fields Usinsk which was discovered
in 1963, and Vozcy, in 1972 accounted for
more than 60 percent of Komi oil production in
1982.
Komi ASSR, one of the two oil regions outside
West Siberia, has shown no significant growth
in oil production since 1979. Although the re-
gion appears to have substantial oil resources,
Volga-Urals Oil and Gas Region
Major pipelines'
1,020 mm
and larger
Other
'May represent multiple hues
R"I", to oage 66 by
r ,i,ssihr.iton of held
development has been slowed by the extreme
Arctic environment and by the heavy and paraf-
finic oils that are characteristic of the region.
Nevertheless, the Soviets hope to increase oil
output from the region again.
Komi ASSR gas production was insignificant
until the giant Vuktyl gas deposit was developed
in the late 1960s. While there are more than 30
gasfields in Komi ASSR, none of the others
approaches the size of Vuktyl. which in 1982
accounted for nearly all of Komi ASSR's ap-
proximately 18-billion-cubic-meter production.
Vuktyl gas production was responsible for the
construction of the Northern Lights pipeline
from Komi ASSR to Eastern Europe.
Timan-Pechora
Oil and Gas Region
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 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
North ('aucasus-North ('aspian
The North ('aucasus North Caspian oil and gas
region f(Ilows a productive geologic trend more
than 1,500 kin from the I kraine eastward
across the Caspian Sca into Kazakhstan.
The North Caucasus region, situated west of the
('aspian Sea, has been a petroleum producer for
more than 60 Nears. In the late 1950s, as output
from carp producing wells began to decline,
mater de2-per wells were drilled to increase pro-
duction. Output in the North Caucasus peaked
at about 740,000 b/d in 1971 and then declined
to 400,000 b,'d in 1980 as production fell rapid-
IN in the most productive area, the Chechcn-
Ingush /,SSR. Oil production in the region's
other areas Stavropol' Krty, Krasnodar Krav,
and the Dagestan ASSR is also declining.
meat is f-~rintarily located in three areas: the
Mangysl lak Peninsula, dominated by the giant
Uzen' field; the Buzachi Peninsula, with several
deposits of heavy oil; and the Fmba region, the
source of early Kazakhstan production.
Natural ,as production in the North Caucasus
North Caspian has been declining since the late
I960s. A recently discovered field north of
:Astrakhan' on the lower Volga, however, may
prove to c as large as the giant Orenburg field.
Astrakhan' gas is high in sulfur and carbon
dioxide (>our gas), and the USSR is acquiring
Western technology and corrosion-resistant
equipment to develop the field and remove the
impurities from the gas.
The Transcaucasus-Central Asia oil and gas
regions extend from the Georgian and Azerbai-
jan SSRs in the Caucasus Mountains under the
southern Caspian Sea across Central Asia's
Turkmen and Uzbek SSRs.
Oilfields near Baku, in Azerbaijan, began pro-
ducing in the 19th century. They accounted for
half of the world's oil production in 1900 and
more than 70 percent of Soviet oil output in
1941. Azerbaijan's oil industry declined during
World War lI and, although it never regained
prewar production levels, again rose until 1966,
accounting for 8 percent of total Soviet produc-
tion. Postwar growth was spurred mainly by
Caucasus and Central Asia Oil and Gas Regions-
I
Antiakh,in
N~ an
~~t'uunvv
K ms novr,dsk
ChrR k,.n
>1ltH L
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
offshore wells in the Caspian Sea, which now
account for more than 70 percent of Azerbai-
jan's output. Transcaucasus oil development ex-
tends from Baku westward into the Georgian
SSR, where oil production, though relatively
small, is rising. Georgia's output about 60,000
b/d in 1980- is primarily from the Samgori
field near Tbilisi.
Central Asia played a crucial role in Soviet
natural gas production during the late 1960s
and early 1970s by offsetting declining growth
in the European USSR during West Siberia's
early development. From 1973, when output
surpassed that of the Ukraine, to 1979, when
output was in turn surpassed by that of West
Siberia, Central Asia was the leading ;gas-pro-
ducing region in the USSR. During this period
it accounted for more than 30 percent of total
USSR production. Turkmenistan has recently
replaced Uzbekistan as the major gas-producing
area in Central Asia. Despite outputs from West
Siberia's supergiant gasfields, surplus gas from
both sparsely populated Central Asian republics
continues to be integrated into the vast Soviet
domestic and export pipeline network.
Future petroleum growth in the Transcaucasus
and Central Asia regions will probably come
from deeper drilling in the Caspian Sea rather
than from the current oil and gas exploration
efforts in western Azerbaijan and Turkmeni-
stan. Any new discoveries would require nearly
a decade before they would make a significant
contribution to Soviet oil production.
Oil Important Gas
fields
Supergidnt
Giant
Othrr
Major pipelines
1,020 rein
and larger
Other
Iashava'
Khrv i'
Snnarkanrl
~r}u k har
Muharek.
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Production and Consumption
For 30 years after World War II, oil production
in the Soviet Union grew at enviable rates.
During the mid-1970s the USSR became the
world's leading oil producer. In 1983 the Soviet
oil industry reported an average daily produc-
tion rate of 12.33 million barrels of crude oil and
gas condensate, about 20 percent more than the
United States.
The rapid growth in production was largely the
result of the discovery and exploration of a
series of large, giant, and supergiant fields. In
the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviets developed the
Volga-Urals and the massive fields of Romash-
kino and Arlan. By the 1970s, just as production
growth from the western USSR was beginning
to taper off, the Soviets received a boost in
production from the mammoth fields of the
West Siberian basin Santotlor, Fedorovo, and
Mantontovo.
Soviet oil growth has begun to slow. The Soviets
failed to make either the original or revised
production targets for 1980 and have not
equaled or exceeded an original annual target
since the early 1970s. Plans have been revised
downward to the point where the 1985 plan goal
of 12.0 million b/d is no higher than the original
target later revised downward for 1980. The
present 1985 goal, already lowered from the
upper limit of 12.9 million b/d, a provisional
output goal, represents planned growth of less
than I percent per }car.
These small increases have been possible only
because the Soviets have been able to keep West
Siberian production growing from 6.2 million
b/d in 1980 to an estimated 7.4 million b/d in
1983. West Siberia's share of' national output is
now 60 percent. Outside West Siberia, only two
lesser oil-producing regions of the USSR are
currently able to raise output-- the Komi
ASSR, in the north European USSR, and Ka-
zakhstan, on the eastern shore of the Caspian
Sea. These three growth areas, together with the
declining Volga-Urals region, produce more
than 90 percent of Soviet oil and will largely
determine Soviet output in the 1980s.
Oil production in all other major Soviet produc-
ing regions has leveled off or is declining. Volga-
Urals production has declined by 1.2 million
b/d or 25 percent since its peak in 1975. The
drop was largely the result of a decline at the
supergiant Romashkino oilfield, the leading pro-
ducer in the region and the second-largest field
in the USSR.
The USSR's first-place position in world oil
production is primarily the result of its abun-
dant resource base, massive investment, and
sheer persistence rather than of' any unique
technical and managerial effort on the part of
its oil industry. Although accorded high-priority
status in the civilian economy, the oil industry is
troubled by many of the same problems that
afflict other Soviet industries- equipment short-
ages, technology shortcomings, and lagging pro-
ductivity and efficiency. Moscow has been at-
tempting to rectify this with substantial foreign
equipment purchases and domestic technology
enhancements.
Some 70 percent of oil consumption in the
Soviet Union takes place in three sectors of the
economy: electric power, transportation, and
industry. Although Soviet oil consumption dur-
ing the last 25 years has consistently grown
faster than total energy consumption, in recent
years the rates of both have been declining as
USSR: Oil Productions and Apparent Consumption
Million barrels per day
14
USSR: Oil Production by Regiona
Million barrels per da}
14
overall economic growth has decreased. In the
first half of the 1970s, oil consumption grew
about 7 percent annually (compared with 4.7
percent for total energy), but during the period
1976-80 growth in oil use fell to 4 percent per
year (versus 3.5 percent for total energy). Soviet
efforts over the last five to 10 years to slow the
growth of domestic oil consumption, except in
the industrial sector, have been minimal. Do-
mestic oil consumption in 1983 is estimated at
9.0 million b/d.
III utIIII ea. Cnn~I im,IIC
I ... - the Rc I II l ll"l an SSR ind Baltic. I .ir Ila,1, Georgian SS R, Kiwi R
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 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
'n'atural gas, rather than oil, has paced the
growth i i Soviet energy production in recent
vr;trs. Nat only is Moscow turning to gas to
satisl.\ a large part of its increasing internal onn
demand or energy in the 1980s, it is also relying
on g;as ;t>, an important source of hard currency
re'rCmte.
In IOe3 het SSR surpassed the l sited States
;ts the world's largest producer of natural gas.
S,,vict g; s output of 536 billion cubic meters in
I `)83 compared with 150 billion cubic meters for
the l nited States. Iven if the Soviets fall short
ol, their (,30-Killion-cubic-nteter gals production
goal for [985, they arc expected to remain in
first place.
I he I uropean l SSR primarily the North
(aucasus and the I kraine supplied 85 percent
of natural gas produced in II)65. I allowing the
discoser of the Orenburg field in the Lite
the Volga-brats and Central Asia fields
paced SoNict production growth during the
I `l7t)s. I3., 1983 \\ est Siberia vvas providing
nc,trIN it of the gas industry's growth and
acc~)unted for one-half of the nation's gas
product ii n
the First g;tsliclds to be developed in West
Siberia %kcre located along the lower Oh' River.
near Rerrmvo. sNhere production began in 1966.
The center of the West Siberian deposits, how-
cver. is lk catcd much farther to the north and
cast near the \rctic Circle. Of the six large
fields there \Iedvrzh'ye, l rcngoy, hamburg,
/apolyarnovc, Kharas;tvev, and Rovanenko
only Atedvcih'yc and trcngoy have been devel-
ope,l. I hr opening of \tedvrzh'ye in 1972
marked t is beginning of' West Siberia's rapid
growth in gas production, and bs 1978 it sup-
plied abort three-fourths of the region's total
output.
I'1hfI Iii ~)-n
Gas condensate, also called natural gas liquids,
is a hydrocarbon occurring either in natural gas
or oil reservoirs. Condensate is normally in the
vapor phase at reservoir temperatures and pres-
sures, but condenses either at lower reservoir
pressures or at the surface during extraction.
Condensate can be processed to yield fractions
usable as petrochemical feedstock, motor gaso-
line. "bottled gas." and raw materials for other
industrial uses.
Significant production of condensate was not
achieved until the early 1970s, when the Soviets
USSR: Natural Gas Production by Region
West Siberia's 1, rcngor gasf'ield, brought into
production in 1978 along with the smaller Vvn-
gapur field, is currently being intensively devel- Billion rubia nnctcr,
aped and will account for virtually Al the 600
growth in Soviet gas production during the next
several years. In 1982 I rengoy's production of
1 I -7 billion Cubic meters was less than one-half
the ficld'~ planned annual production for the X00
mid-I980s. The supergiant Ilrengoy field, with
reserves rf' 7.8 trillion cubic meters, is the
largest gasficld in the world. Additionally, the
Soviets ;rrc making preparations to start devcl- 400
oping the adjacent V'amburg gasficld to the
north in the Lite I')80s.
Since nat tral gas production increments in )00
West Siberia exceed declines in the older re-
gions, the total l SSR output Continues to in-
crease. I rrthcrniorc, West Siberia has become a
principal supplier of' natural gas to 1Lurope 100
through several long pipeline systems that ex-
tend as far ;ts France.
Currently, natural gas provides four-f'if'ths as
much domestic energy as oil, compared with
on]" 01 percent in 1970. Gas output has grown
an ;trcrag _ of percent per }car since 1970. The
Soviets plan to raise the share of natural gas in 0
total prim.tr~\ energy production from 26 percent
in 1980 to 32 percent in 1985.
first began to add condensate totals to their
crude oil production output. I3y 1975 production
had risen to 250,000 b/d with sonic 1 55,000 b/d
coming from two condensate fields VukttiI in
Komi ASSR and Orenburg in the southern
Urals. Since that time national and regional
condensate production figures have no, been
published by the Soviets. But 1983 output is
estimated at 600,000 b/d out of 12.33 million
b/d of' combined crude oil and gas condensate.
Growth has been steady, but the Soviets have
encountered numerous problems in expanding
condensate output. Condensate development has
long taken a backseat in investment alocations,
with the oil and gas ministries preferring to
concentrate instead on easier and more reward-
ing oil and natural gas production. Consequent-
ly, a large percentage of both oil-associated
condensate and condensate available from gas
production has been lost because of inadequate
processing capacity and inefficient field recov-
ery techniques. Until very recently the Soviets
have lagged badly in developing their gas-pro-
cessing facilities and increasing their condensate
recovery totals.
The USSR is now attempting to upgrade the
capabilities of its condensate industry and has
set ambitious production goals for the 1980s.
Substantial production increases from West Si-
beria, Central Asia, western Kazakhstan, and
possibly Komi ASSR can be expected. The
Soviets hope to recover about 100,000 b/d from
the I rengoy field alone by 1985 and to trans-
port it by a major condensate pipeline to Surgut
which, according to some reports, will extend
westward to the Volga-Urals Two other major
gas condensate fields, Astrakhan' on the Volga
River and Karachaganak in northwestern Ka-
zakhstan, are slated to provide together some
80,000 to 100,000 b/d of condensate b., 1985.
Central Asia
Ukrainian SSR
Other
78 79 80 81 112 83
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Exploration
Exploration and discovery of new hydrocarbon
reserves oil, gas, and gas condensate --are a
slow but critical process that will largely deter-
mine the Soviets' ability to meet future oil and
gas production goals. Soviet energy planners arc
actively developing a wide range of plans to
locate and evaluate both onshore and offshore
petroleum reserves. In addition, they are up-
grading their exploration capabilities through
purchases of equipment from the West, repro-
duction of Western designs, and strengthening
domestic manufacturing capability.
Ilistorically, Soviet exploration philosophy has
been to concentrate on one hydrocarbon-bearing
province at a time. The bulk of Soviet explora-
tion is currently being conducted in West Sibe-
ria in the vicinity of the oil-producing areas of
the middle Ob' and the large gasfields in north-
ern Tyumen' Oblast. Exploration there will, by
necessity, be moving farther from the developed
infrastructure into the more remote regions of
the Tyumen' and Tomsk Oblasts.
At the same time, the Soviets have begun
limited surveys of' the country's remaining 20
unexplored basins for a successor to West Sibe-
ria the third "Baku." Onshore, East Siberia
and western Kazakhstan are scheduled for com-
prehensive regional investigation. Offshore, ex-
ploratory drilling has been under way since 1977
in waters near Sakhalin in a cooperative venture
with a Japanese consortium. Soviet exploration
in the Barents Sea is beginning despite the lack
of engineering and technical experience in the
Arctic offshore environment. Limited explora-
tion has also started in the Baltic and Black
Seas and the Sea of Azov.
Almost all of these basins, both onshore and
offshore, are located away from economic and
population centers. Some Soviet oil experts have
been suggesting that, instead of exploring these
remote areas, the search for new oil should be
concentrated in the deeper zones of the older
Volga-Urals, the North Caspian basin, and the
developed areas of the West Siberian basin. Any
major program to explore these deeper and more
difficult targets would require a significant up-
grading of Soviet drilling equipment and
technology.
Exploration planning for new hydrocarbon re-
serves in the Soviet Union is the joint responsi-
bility of the Ministry of Geology, the Ministry
of the Petroleum Industry, and the Ministry of
the Gas Industry. The Ministries of Geology
and Petroleum Industry are tasked with onshore
oil exploration, the gas ministry is responsible
for all gas exploration as well as offshore oil
exploration.
Plans for petroleum exploration are drawn up by
these ministries with the assistance of the Acad-
emy of Sciences. The various plans are submit-
ted to the State Planning Committee (Gosplan)
for approval, after which they are announced at
the beginning of each five-year plan period.
During the current plan (1981-85) Soviet oilmen
were expected to discover and delineate oil and
gas reserves that will be translated into produc-
tion during the late I 980s and 1990s.
Technology and Equipment
Soviet geologists, faced with searching millions
of square kilometers of unexplored territory, are
using every available technique to locate new
hydrocarbon reserves and to decrease the time
lag between discovery and the onset of produc-
tion. Foremost among these is the use of space
technology to minimize mapping and select ar-
eas for detailed exploration. Research for this
effort was centralized in 1978 in Aerogeologiya,
a geologic institute which applies space photog-
raphy to terrain analysis to pinpoint promising
areas for seismic surveys.
The Soviets employ standard reflection and
refraction seismic techniques in exploration but
Exploration for oil and gas in the Soviet
Arctic.
Fixed drilling platform in the "April 28" oil-
field, Caspian Sea.
are hampered by technology shortcomings. Re-
fraction studies can locate large amplitude
structures---like Romashkino or Samotlor- but
lack the higher resolution to identify smaller
deposits. Seismic equipment in the USSR is
rated to depths of about 3,000 meters, and there
is little chance that this equipment will be able
to detect deeper deposits or the more subtle
stratigraphic traps.
The Soviets made significant strides in offshore
exploration technology during the 1970s, but
they fell far short of their original goals. They
had intended to have 10 mobile jack-up drilling
platforms in operation in the Caspian and Black
Seas by 1980, but only four were operating in
that year. Efforts to obtain Western offshore
Seismic Exploration
I)ctcctorti
" Baky" mobile jack-up drilling platform in the
Caspian Sea.
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Areas of Current Oil and Gas Exploration
Timan-
Pechora
North
Caucasus
Trans-
t:ancasus
Volga-
Urals
A';tc. ikh,in
North
Cespian
'', btXest.
East
Siberia
equipment and technology were delayed by pro-
longed discussions and negotiations which post-
poned actual deliveries.
The USSR plans to concentrate offshore explor-
atory drilling for the next few years in the
Caspian Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk near Sakhalin,
and the Barents and Baltic Seas. Fabrication
yards at Astrakhan' on the Caspian and Vyborg
on the Gulf of Finland are now producing
mobile offshore drilling platforms. The first
Soviet-built, semisubmcrsible platform Shelf
I began Caspian operations in early 1982. A
second semisubmcrsible platform Shelf 2
was completed in 1982. As of amid-1984 the
USSR had I I mobile offshore drilling platforms
in operation eight jack-ups and three semisub-
mersibles. Three semisubmcrsible and one jack-
up drilling rig are being constructed at Astrak-
han' and Vyborg. To begin exploration of the
Arctic offshore region, the Soviets have bought
three drill ships from Finland.
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Lena-
Tunguska
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Drilling
The past three decades have seen a fourfold
increase in Soviet oil and gas drilling in terms of
meters drilled. In an effort to maximize output
between 1965 and 1980, the Soviets emphasized
development drilling rather than exploration
drilling. Plans now call for even more rapid
growth in development drilling and a substantial
increase in exploration drilling.
In the USSR, development drilling within oil
and gas fields follows specific phases. After a
discovery, several confirmation wells are drilled
to learn more about the dimensions and geologic
parameters of the new field and to obtain early
well production data. Based on the results from
early production, as well as on information from
Stages in Field Development
I)t hole
Stronger pumps
required to propel
mud, turn turbodrill
exploration wells, a field development plan is
designed to establish the optimal initial well
spacing for the entire field. Finally as the initial
development plan is completed and more details
are learned about field characteristics, infill
drilling (which creates a denser network of wells)
is begun to produce the hydrocarbons that can-
not be produced from existing wells or to pro-
duce them at a faster rate in the near term.
Technology and Equipment
Although Soviet drilling technology lags consid-
erably that of Western countries, most of the
drilling equipment, including rigs, pipes, casing,
and bits, is produced in the Soviet Union. The
Soviets rely on Western imports to fill specific
Drilling Methods
"hurbo
tighter drill pipe
Turbo motor at
bottom limits
drilling rate; less
cllicient below
3,000 m.
Lost hydraulic
power in depth; lost
return mud velocity
to clean hole
Less directional/
control
Drilling table-
turbo drilling,
LL-
I ach stage of the
urhodrill includes u
stator, rigidly
connected to the
turbodrill body, and
rotor, secured on the
,urbodrill shaft In the
tor and rotor the
direction of the mud
fluid stream changes
Mud (lowing from
one stage to another
gives up some of its
hydraulic power at
each stage. As a result,
the power or torque
generated by the rotors
inallthe stages is
applied to the shall of
the turbodrill and is
transmitted to the bit
The torque developed
in the stators is taken
up by the turbodrill
hods and the drilling
string, while an equal,
h i t t oppositely directed
torque arising in the
rotors is transmitted to
the hit vi i the
turbodrill shaft
Blowout
preventor
Hydraulic
bottom drive
motor-
turb)drill
Shaft
Stator
Rotor
Body
needs such as additional drill pipe, high-pressure
blowout preventers, and offshore drilling and
logging equipment.
The USSR produced oil and gas drilling rigs of
all types at a rate of about 500 per year in the
last decade. The average service life of a Soviet
rig is about six to 10 years, compared with 15 to
20 years for rigs built in the United States.
Until recently, nearly all Soviet rigs were built
at two plants the Barrikady Plant in Volgo-
grad and the Uralmash Plant in Sverdlovsk.
Some 75 percent of the production has been at
the Uralmash Plant. A new drilling rig plant
was built in 1981 in Verkhnyaya Pyshma, north
of Sverdlovsk. Productivity has risen during the
past decade as improvements have been made in
Soviet rig design, but there are chronic com-
Rotary
Stronger drill pipe Drill deeper and
required more elliciently
Drilling
fabllcuoe,i
1N
Needs drilling More directional
collars control
Drill by weight on
drilling face
Drilling table/drive system-
rotary drilling
ii n
N
G
fl
The Mud System-same for both methods. From the slush
pumps (A) the fluid goes to the swivel (B), down
through the kelly (C), through the drillstem (t) to the
bit (E) washing out the drill cuttings at the bottom and
carrying them hack to the surface through the annulus (F)
The fluid then travels through a shale shaker (G I to
remove the cuttings and returns to the niud pit (II) where
the cycle begins again.
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Uircclional Drilling
I na ctt?I h IC I uca I i10ns
I
rtrrho&?il/irri rig lit /hr/rhai oi!/old, %Iarr-
tlI:rhlok l'c rrirrculu. .~orllr Cn.c/ricrrr.
I~Iaints th It the niiy of rig Iypes is inadequate;
e,prci;tll~ lacking ;Ire portable rigs for use in
northern _1 n1;Itcs.
Iurbodrill, ;tee used for more than 80 percent of
the oil ;I11,1 gas drilling in the Soviet I niun. The
turbodrill use., ;I downhole turbine powered b\
drilling imtd that turns only the attached bit and
not the entire drill string as does the rotary
nte'.hod used in the y\ est. I urbodrills have been
cl feetive in developing the shallow, hard-rock
formation, in the Volga-Urals basin and for
directional drilling front the cluster drilling pads
in \\ est Siberia. The original appeal of the
turbodrill vv;Is that it enabled Soviet drillers to
.I\oid nr;tny potential problems associated with
\\hip,lock Method
for Uircclional I)rillini;
the use of low-quality domestic drill pipe and
tool joints that could not withstand the stresses
of rotary drilling operations. Turbodrilling elim-
inates torque on the drill string: consequently, it
reduces the amount of time lost as a result of
broken drill pipe. In addition, the turbodrill is
characterised by a high rate of bit rotation
which increases the initial rate of penetration.
The higher rate of bit rotation in turbodrilling,
however, causes a drastic shortening of bit life
(meters drilled per bit), reducing the rate of
penetration in deep drilling. Lost productivity
caused by frequent bit changes in deep drilling
increases dramaticallti as the drilling depth in-
creases. The USSR now produces about 9,000
turbodrill motors annually.
The quality of* Soviet drill pipe is generally
adequate for drilling shallow wells (less than
2,000 meters). At greater depths, the poor-
quality steel cannot withstand the torque re-
quired for rotary drilling and often fails. Even
with turbodrilling, pipe inadequacies are often
severe. Problems relating to the quantity and
quality of drill pipe and casing produced in
domestic plants have been cited as factors in the
failure to meet recent West Siberian drilling
targets. Moscow has been negotiating with
Western firms to purchase a turnkey plant to
manufacture drill pipe and casing.
The Soviet Union's output of drill bits, including
standard, diamond, and experimental hard alloy
types, is about I million per _year. Although the
quality and performance of Soviet drill bits
improved during the 1970s, they are still much
less efficient than those produced in the United
States.
In 1978 the Soviets bought a turnkey drill bit
plant from the United States for installation at
Kuybyshev. The plant, which began operating in
January 1982, is capable of producing upward
of 100,000 tungsten carbide insert bits per year.
At the high rotational speeds of Soviet turbo-
drills, the bits from the new Kuybyshev plant
should operate for significantly longer periods
than conventional Soviet-made bits, increasing
productivity because of reduced downtime for
bit replacement.
Administration and Organization
Three ministries geology, oil, and gas are
responsible for drilling exploration wells. Of
these, the oil and gas ministries are normally
responsible for the detailed assessment of field
size and potential and the drilling of develop-
ment. wells.
National drilling efforts by the oil and gas
ministries are coordinated bN Administrations
for Drilling Operations. In addition, drillers are
supported by research institutes in Moscow,
Tyumen', and other cities. The gas ministry
controls offshore drilling for both oil and gas.
The basic production unit in the Soviet oil and
gas industry is the regional production associa-
tion, which oversees all aspects of drilling activi-
ty including rig assembly and well completions.
Drilling is conducted by drilling brigades, usual-
ly comprising 24 men, who generally operate in
four teams on a single rig in shifts of up to
12 hours' duration around the clock.
Offshore Drilling
Soviet offshore drilling began nearly four dec-
ades ago in the shallow waters of the Caspian
Sea. As oil and gas fields were discovered,
development wells were drilled from small
wooden platforms connected to the shore by
trestles to facilitate movement of equipment and
supplies to the drilling sites. The Caspian Sea is
still the Soviet center for offshore drilling and
production technology. Currently, nine of the I I
Soviet-owned and -operated mobile offshore
drilling rigs are operating in the area. Offshore
oil output in the Caspian is estimated at 200,000
b/d, more than three-fourths of Azerbaijan
SSR's production.
By 1985 the USSR plans to boost offshore
drilling activity 50 percent above the level at-
tained in 1980. New drill ships and platforms
from foreign yards and new construction in
Soviet yards are part of a major effort to explore
the offshore Arctic and Far Fast. Much of this
increased emphasis on offshore drilling was
stimulated by geologists' reports that potential
oil-bearing sedimentary rock covers more than
two-thirds of the Soviet shelf area. Development
of the offshore oil potential will be important to
the Soviets if' they plan to maintain oil produc-
tion at high levels in the I 990s. Western equip-
ment and technology will be essential for suc-
cessful development of offshore areas.
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I'auli flame ('ontrol
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Recovery
During the past decade the Soviets have found it
increasingly difficult to locate new oil reserves,
to increase development drilling, and to under-
take offshore exploration. As a result, the rapid
production growth of the postwar period began
to slow in the late 1970s. Essentially, all of the
important oil-producing regions in the country
are confronted with difficulties: major oilfields
have been intensively exploited and have
reached peak production or are in decline, new
fields are less productive and more difficult to
develop, and discovery of new reserves has not
kept pace with the growth of oil production.
Although the Soviets produce most of their own
petroleum equipment, domestic manufacturers
have been unable to meet the accelerating de-
mand of the oil industry for more and better
equipment and techniques to improve oil rccov-
crv. The lack of sufficient high-quality equip-
ment and technology has hampered efforts in
several areas, including drilling in West Siberia,
and the enhanced oil recovery program.
Asa result of domestic production inadequacies,
the t:SSR made selective purchases of Western
equipment and technology in the 1970s. Among
those oil recovery items imported were high-
capacity electric submersible pumps; gas-lift
equipment, including compressors and treat-
ment units: well completion units: steam genera-
tors: and associated insulated tubing.
Various secondary and enhanced recovery techniques are necessary to offset declining production
at all major Soviet oilfields.
dlechanical pumping units are commonly used to offset low reservoir pressures and lift well fluids.
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Periodic servicing is required to maintain mechanical sucker rod or heam pumping units.
Recoserv Methods
Primary recovers is the initial production of
fluids fail the reservoir using natural sources of
energy to produce oil and gas. Once this method
can no longer cause the oil and gas to flow
through the porous rocks into the wells, various
secondar_ methods including svaterflooding, me-
chanical pumps, and gas lift are used to recover
additional amounts of oil.
In the Soviet oil industr}, waterflooding is ap-
phcd at a ver early stage of a held's producing
life to in tintain reservoir pressure and to in-
crease oil recoverv.As a result, in 1980 the
water content amounted to 55 percent of fluids
recovered. More than 85 percent of Soviet oil
output is recovered by waterflooding. The high
pcrcenta e of vNatcr in the oil has increased the
demand for artificial lift equipment submers-
ible pumps, sucker-rod pumps, and gas-lift
units to maintain or increase oil production.
Pumping units rod or beam pumps and electric
centrifugal punips are brought on line as wells
Stop flossing because of low reservoir pressure or
as the amount of seater in the produced fluid
becomes too high. Rod pumps are used for low-
llo' -rate wells, while the high-capacity centrif-
ugal pumps arc used to lift large volumes of
fluid. During the 1970s the I:SSR purchased
more than 1,200 high-rapacity, downhole sub-
mersible pumps from the I;nited States. In 1983
about E0 percent of all producing wells in the
Soviet I. lion were on rod pumps, and 20 percent
'sere on subnicrsiblc pumps.
gas-lift equipment was installed for the first
time at the Pravdinsk field in West Siberia. As a
follow-on, the Soviets installed gas-lift equip-
ment at the Uzen' oilfield in Kazakhstan and at
the supergiant Samotlor and Fedorovo oilfields
in West Siberia.
The Soviets are also interested in using hydrau-
lic pumps in their artificial lift program. These
pumps are submerged and are driven by high-
pressure fluid from equipment at the surface,
instead of being powered by electricity as are
conventional submersible pumps. Although the
Soviet oil industry did not use hydraulic pumps
in 1980, plans call for the use of 300 such pumps
by 1985.
Enhanced oil recovery (LOR) refers to recovery
of oil from a petroleum reservoir beyond that
economically recoverable by conventional pri-
mary and secondary methods. Three general
categories of FOR are chemical flooding, car-
bon dioxide miscible flooding, and thermal
methods.
The Soviets have expressed high hopes for FOR
techniques to increase oil recovery from older
fields and to produce undeveloped fields that
contain heavy oil. Although they have experi-
mented with FOR programs in many fields and
tested most of the available methods, only about
60,000 b/d can be attributed to enhanced recov-
ery at present. This yield has primarily come
from the application of steam or hot water
injection and in situ combustion.
Gas lilt a process of lifting fluids from a well
by a dossnltole infection of gas to lighten the
fluid column so that the natural reservoir energy
can lift t is fluid is an alternative to high-
capacity, Submersible pumps, although it costs
consider: bly more to install. Soviet petroleum
officials have become more interested in the use
of the ga;-fif't process for lifting fluids in the
oilfields because of the high frequency of' repairs
on dosvnhole pumping equipment. In 1969 US
Soviet FOR efforts have been hampered by
severe shortages of equipment and chemicals.
The Soviets have not as Net been able to build
the steam generators needed for thermal recov-
ery or to produce sufficient amounts of surfac-
tants or polymers for chemical and polymer
flood programs. Continued efforts are being
made to acquire Western technical assistance
and equipment to promote FOR.
Workmen waiting to loH'er sucker rods into
'ell.
Recovery Methods
111 Hot oil 1
1 Steam and ' Oil
water)
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Oil Refining and Gas
Processing
The rapid growth of' oil and gas production in
West Siberia during the 1970s has required
major increases in Soviet crude-oil-refining and
gas-processing capacity. Moscow is constructing
new oil refineries and adding crude oil distilla-
tion units to existing refineries. A major effort is
also under way to speed construction of gas-
processing facilities to prepare increasing quan-
tities of gas for domestic use and export. Al-
though Soviet professional journals contain few
production statistics, they occasionally have dia-
grams, flow charts, photo illustrations, and de-
sign capacities of crude oil distillation and gas-
processing units.
Oil Refining
In January 1983 there were 53 oil refineries
operating in the Soviet Union. Although the
Soviets do not publish the total crude oil distilla-
tion capacity of' these refineries, it is believed to
be in the neighborhood of 10.5 million b/d,
second only to the approximately 16-million-b/d
capacity of the 220 operating refineries in the
United States. Four-fifths of the Soviet refiner-
ies are located near population and industrial
centers west of the Ural Mountains. Many of
these refineries are also located within large
petrochemical-refinery complexes and provide
feedstocks directly to the chemical processes.
Before the mid-1950s the Soviet petroleum in-
dustry consisted of about 30 refineries with
small crude oil distillation units of less-than-
20,000-b/d capacity. The only secondary pro-
cessing units of consequence were thermal
crackers designed to break down heavy oils.
Between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s a con-
centrated effort was made to upgrade the indus-
try, both in crude oil distillation capacity and in
secondary processing. Several standardized
crude oil distillation units with capacities of
20,000 to 60,000 b/d were constructed as well
as a wide variety of secondary processing units
such as catalytic crackers and reformers, de-
layed cokers, and hydrogen treating and lubri-
cating oil units.
With the development of the Volga-Urals oil
resources in the 1950s, the Soviets stopped
concentrating refineries in the crude oil produc-
tion areas and began locating them near points
of regional consumption, such as Omsk, Kirishi,
Kremenchug, and Angarsk. The refineries re-
ceive more than 90 percent of their crude oil
from pipelines; most of the remaining is deliv-
ered by rail. Conversely, only about 10 percent
of the refined products are transported by pipe-
lines; about 90 percent are delivered by rail,
water, and tank truck.
Since 1970 required increases in primary distil-
lation capacity have been obtained through
modernization or expansion of existing refineries
and the construction of at least five new refiner-
ies. Modernization of refineries has included the
dismantling of old, small refining units and
replacing them with larger, more efficient units
to upgrade and improve both the output and
product mix.
The Soviet refining industry is reported to have
major problems in areas such as sophistication
of refining processes, variety of product mix,
and quality of individual petroleum products.
Specifically, Soviet refineries lack adequate
processing units especially cracking units,
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
Oil
Refineries
which break down heavier fuels into lighter fuels
such as ;gasoline and kerosene.
The lacl of adequate heavy-oil conversion ca-
pacity makes it difficult for Soviet refineries to
produce high-octane gasoline and high-grade
diesel full in the increasing volumes needed to
meet grrwing domestic demand. Moreover,
since a large share of the rising volume of heavy
fuel oils cannot presently be further refined,
they are primarily burned in electric power
plants, thereby slowing Soviet attempts to bal-
ance fue consumption by converting these
plants to coal and natural gas.
All crude oil processed by refining must pass
through in initial or primary distillation process
where it is separated into gases, gasoline, kero-
sene, diesel fuels, and heavy fuels (niazut). These
products are used as fuels or are further refined
through secondary processes to produce lubri-
cating of s, higher quality fuels, and other fin-
ished products.
Soviet refineries contain three basic types of
crude oil distillation units. They range from
early-design shell stills, through one-stage
atmospheric pipe stills (AT), to current technol-
ogy, two-stage atmospheric vacuum pipe stills
(.AVT). Some of the one- and two-stage units
contain their own desalting section (ELOU), and
some are built in combination with other types
of units. I'hc standard crude oil distillation units
currently being constructed have a design ca-
pacity of 120,000 b/d.
Secondary refinery units provide a higher yield
of light products and upgrade product quality
after primary distillation. The most important
secondary processes include reforming, catalytic
cracking, hydrogen treating, hydrocracking, al-
kylation, and lubricating oil production. Other
types of secondary processes produce specialty
products, recover refinery byproducts, or treat
crude oil prior to distillation or refined products
prior to shipment.
Natural Gas Processing
The processing of natural gas is becoming an
important subsector of the Soviet oil and gas
industry after many years of neglect. In an
effort to reduce the wasteful flaring of gas that
is a byproduct of oil production called associated
gas, the USSR is vastly expanding its capacity
to produce valuable natural gas byproducts such
as propane, butane, sulfur, and stable conden-
sate. These products are useful not only as fuels
but also as feedstocks in the petrochemical
industry.
The rapid development of West Siberia's oil-
fields--especially Samotlor--outstripped the
USSR's ability to process the associated gas.
Flaring of the region's excess gas probably
reached its peak in 1975 when about 20 billion
cubic meters had to be burned off. Recently
completed gas-processing plants in the Tyumen'
oil region have helped reduce flaring and raised
associated gas-processing capacity to nearly 20
billion cubic meters in the region during 1982.
Large gas-processing facilities have been con-
structed at Nizhnevartovsk, Belozersk, Surgut,
Yuzhno-Balyk, and Lokosovo. New processing
plants in the gas-producing regions of Orenburg
and Central Asia have significantly increased
sulfur removal capabilities, enabling output
from high-sulfur fields to replace the region's
declining low-sulfur gas production.
Processing of nonassociated gas by the Ministry
of the Gas Industry has grown substantially
since 1970 when only 3 billion cubic meters of
gas were processed. The current five-year plan
calls for processing about 75 billion cubic meters
of natural gas, the production of about 1.6
million tons of sulfur, and more than 20,000 b/d
of gas condensate in 1985.
Natural gas is processed by several gas ministry
plants located throughout the gas-producing re-
gions. The largest and newest facility is located
at Urengoy. Whether because of technological
deficiencies or simply a lack of domestic produc-
tion capacity, much of the gas-processing equip-
ment is imported from the West.
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 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
Pipelines
The USSR has greatly expanded its pipeline
network in recent years to transport oil and
natural gas. The total length of oil and gas
pipelines grew from fewer than 70,000 kilome-
ters in 1965 to more than 231,000 kilometers by
the end of 1983. During this period an average
of about 6,000 kilometers of natural gas pipe-
lines and 2,600 kilometers of oil pipelines were
constructed each year.
The development of major new oil and gas fields
at great distances from the economic heartland
and increased gas exports are largely responsible
for the massive Soviet pipeline construction
program. Moscow has given high priority to the
construction of pipelines from West Siberia to
the industrialized areas of the USSR and to its
border with Fastern Furope. At present 12
natural gas pipelines and five oil pipelines trans-
port oil and gas from the producing areas of
West Siberia.
Most pipelaving in West Siberia is accom-
plished when the ground is frozen during Octo-
ber through May. The Soviet press has empha-
sized the necessity of year-round pipelaying, but
construction in swampy areas during the sum-
nmer has been achieved only on a small scale.
Activity in summer is primarily limited to areas
of hard ground.
Relatively few pipelines have been built in the
area of continuous permafrost. These few the
gas pipelines from the Medvezh'yc and Urengoy
Major Oil and Gas Pipelines
Khiva?
? Nehit
I).lq
.I oil iii ~., lilt
1 'hok?
M,
01
u ~itcv
votr;e? (trt3
lJt`
Kuybyshev ?
Chely ihinak
? Tikhnretsk Alrk :,inr6 nv
Gav
?O rcn burg
.O,sk
hilisi
NhevchP. nku
fields to Nadym and from Messoyakha to No-
ril'sk- are being built above ground to avoid
trenching in permafrost and to prevent disrup-
USSR: Completion of Crude Oil Pipelines,
by Plan Period
tion of the permafrost by heat from pipelines. II huusand kilonictcrs
Oil Pipelines
The USSR relies on pipelines to transport more
than 90 percent of its crude oil production.
About 83 percent of the Soviet Union's oil
pipelines carry crude oil. The remaining pipe-
lines transport refined products.
Most of the Soviet oil pipeline network is rela-
tively new. Its growth has been dramatic from
4,000 kilometers at the end of World War 11 to
about 76,200 km in 1983 with half of the
growth occurring between 1970 and 1983.
About 20,000 km, including nearly 80 percent
of the large-diameter 1,020-mm and 1,220-mm
lines, were built during the 1970-80 period.
Crude oil pipeline construction has slackened
appreciably in the 1980s, primarily as a result of
slower growth in oil production. Only 9,200 km a 1946- alt- 56- 59- 00- 71- 76- 81-
are scheduled for completion in the 1981-85
plan, and just two of the 16 planned pipelines rl.~n~,~rl
are large-diameter interregional oil transmission
lines: one from Pavlodar to Chimkent, complet-
ed in March 1983, and one from Kholmogory to lotsk. All of these lines were 1,020 or 1,220 mm
Kuybyshev, scheduled for construction in 1984. in diameter.
During 1976-80, in contrast, the Soviets laid a
number of major interregional lines: Nizhnevar- Unlike large-diameter gas pipeline construction,
tovsk to Kuybyshev, Krasnoyarsk to Irkutsk, the Soviet oil pipeline industry is largely self-
Kuybyshev to Kremenchug, and Surgut to Po- sufficient and does not depend on Western
Usnsk
Pechora
Nadym,
Novyy
Urengoy
Siberia* Kholmogory
`Surgut
s. Nizhnevartovsk
Nv h r)\/aye
Tiro
*Tobol'sk
Omsk Novnsibirsk
.Y,)kutsk
Khamlr.i
.
Hesryak1, Okhn
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 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
I SSR: Pipeline fransporl of ('nude
Oil - cs eragc I)islallCC
I SSR: Length of ('rude ()if Pipeline
Network, by Diameter of Pipe
I Iluu,.nu1 k1him"tcr,
I)I;I Ill Cr it in Ill 111110 lr r~
.o?o- fit)
[_ ] I C Ih,m ?o
cquipnu'nt and materials. Nevertheless, the So-
viets dos lectivcly import pipclascrs, bulldoicrs,
valves, ;r)d insulating materials to speed con-
struction and to improve the operational capa-
bility and service life of their pipelines.
Gas Pipelines
Several Major natural gas pipeline corridors link
the gas-rich regions of West Siberia, Central
\,,ia, a11.1 the southern lrats with the industrial
centers of the I-uropcan l!SSR. The geographic
distribution and large capacity of these domestic
trunklincs also provide a flexible network for gas
exports to the West. Ness' pipelines ur)der con-
structior represent a major e~xtensiott of the
Soviet gas transmission s}stenl, which has
grrnvn ra pidly I'roni 2,300 km in I9S0 to
I 1'`,(100 kin at the end of 19'43. Additional gas
pipelines are scheduled for completion during
During the current live-scar plan (1981-8x),
four larPC-dia m eter (1.420-mm) natural gas
pipelines from the t Irengos field in West Siberia
have been constructed, and two more are sched-
uled for completion. The fourth line completed
during the plan, the much-publicised Siberia
to Western Europe export pipeline, was report-
edly partially operational in earls 1984, and
pipelaN ing on the fifth domestic line is complete.
The operation of the six pipelines swill bring to
12 the number of large-diameter gaslines trans-
porting gas Iron) Nest Siberia.
I TIC addition of the six nesv pipelines involved
building some 20.000 kilometers of main trunk
pipelines and swill allow the Soviet Union to
transport the more than ISO billion cubic meters
per scar ,ml \\ cst Siberian gas production
planned hs 1955 (200 billion cubic meters more
than in I)y0).:ylso planned for completion
during tf,c 198 I-i;s period is a pipeline to trans-
port gas condensate from ( Jrengoy to Surgut.
t SSR: Length of Natural (;as Pipeline
Network, bN Diameter of Pipe
1 ~I)
I)i;iinclcr in nlillinl~tri,
I.I?u
1.1170-1."11
I ,', 111.111 I_(OOH
Pipe jr .welded at storage area welding bases along the pipeline h,r crews using either manual arc
techniques or semiautomatic units.
While the majority of' the new large-diameter
gas pipelines will be constructed with domesti-
cally produced pipe and compressor station
equipment of Tess-than-desired quality and reli-
ability, the gas network will still have a first-
rate array of Western equipment. The ambitious
Soviet plans to increase gas production and
transport capabilities envisage reduced reliance
on imported pipe and should benefit from the
new multilayer pipe production plant at Vyksa,
southwest of Gor'kiv.
Erer.l' !'ear the USSR lays gas pipeline twice
as long as the trans-Alaskan oil pipeline.
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 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
Coal
Coal follows oil and natural gas as a primary
energy source in the Soviet Union. The Soviet
coal industry dates back to the early 19th
century. It remained the cornerstone of the
Soviet energy industry and provided the Soviets
fuel for their economic development and indus-
trial growth until well into the Khrushchev era,
when it was gradually eclipsed by oil and gas----a
phenomenon that was simultaneously occurring
in the United States and Western Europe. To-
day, the Soviet coal industry still employs more
than a million workers and provides nearly 40
percent of the fuel used to generate electricity.
Most experts agree that abundant reserves will
keep the Soviet Union self-sufficient in coal for
the near future. Internationally, the USSR is
second only to the United States in reserves and
annual production of coal. Most energy special-
ists believe that potential Soviet coal reserves
are the largest in the world.
Although coal's share of Soviet primary energy
production dropped from two-thirds in 1950 to
just over 50 percent in 1960 and to only 22
percent in 1983, coal remains critically impor-
tant to the Soviet economy. With the cost of oil
production rising rapidly, Soviet energy plan-
ners have become aware that coal must play a
greater role in the total Soviet energy balance.
They acknowledge, however, that investment in
the coal industry has recently been insufficient
both to develop new coal basins and to forestall
production declines in older basins. Although
substitution of coal for oil is a high Soviet
priority, the Soviet coal industry will be poorly
equipped to increase production sharply, at least
through the 1980s.
Reserves
Explored 281 billion metric tons
World rank Second
Production
Record year 1978-724 million metric tons
World rank Third
By coal rank Hard coal (anthracite and bituminous),
78 percent; lignite, 22 percent
By type of mining Surface, 40 percent; underground, 60
percent
Resources and Reserves
As of 1 January 1983 the Soviet Union estimat-
ed its coal resources at 6.8 trillion tons, about
half of the world's total and nearly twice that of
the United States. Only 4 percent of this total
has been explored. Although the Soviets esti-
mate the energy potential of their 281-billion-
ton explored coal reserve to be four times great-
er than the combined potential of their oil and
natural gas reserves, the easily accessible coal
reserves of the European USSR have been
Coal Reserves and Mining Activity
Pechora basin
. L'vov-Volyn'
basin
Nrn., ~vn.k
I )-,t.,k l Donets basin
~; n,iAhty ~i
Kizel
basin
Sverdlovsk
T ash kenI
Tunguska
basin
seriously depleted and the remote Siberian re-
serves are proving to be much more expensive to
develop. The portion of total reserves comprised
by coking coal is also enormous--estimated at
65-70 billion tons.
Soviet coal reserves are widely dispersed. In the
European USSR, the Donets basin contains
high-quality anthracite and bituminous coal,
much of which is suitable for coking and is close
to major blast furnaces. However, increasing
mine depths, thinness of coal seams, and high
methane concentrations are making the Donets
reserves increasingly difficult to exploit. Al-
though production has fallen as a result, the
Donets basin still accounts for almost 30 percent
of total Soviet coal production. The lignite
reserves in the European USSR, although high
in moisture, sulfur, and ash content, have, until
recent years, been successfully exploited because
of their closeness to centers of consumption. The
Pechora coal basin, the northernmost basin in
the European USSR, has also been extensively
developed, despite the severe climate, because of
its proximity to markets and the high quality of
its bituminous coking coals.
Nearly 75 percent of the Soviet Union's ex-
plored coal reserves is located east of the Ural
Mountains--thousands of kilometers from the
major industrial and population centers of the
European USSR. In addition to the costly mine-
to-market transportation problems involved, the
quality of many of these remote coal reserves is
poor because of undesirable levels of ash, water,
and sulfur.
Zyryanka basin
Aleksandrovsk region a
C:h~,l'ninn South Vakutia Uglegorsk region
Neryungri~ basin
Uryal
?Arte~~~~~'sk~y
Bureya basin
A-,he,r
S,,d,herrsk.
Kemerovo- I
k
tsk
r
u
L,~ a
K t basin basin
uzn s-kkbp'yevsk ,Chr,i~oyorsk ?
Ghekhavo
^ Partizansk basin
Minusinsk basin
Vladivii Stok
Hard coal
(anthracite and bituminous)
Brown coal
(lignite)
I
ppl
SO ION
1165 131:
S6,RM
Belches
uiif
S4 ION
053551
20
u iniler111.1
trill
61) 45N
(161 39!-
R M
Belgorod
ppI
SO 16N
(116141
79,0 M
Anlga
still
62 SON
114321'.
II.R M
Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy
pill
46 1 2N
03() 21 I.
RM
\n,guri'
,till
S2 SON'
119381-.
II.R M
Belgorodskaya Oblast'
admd
SO 45N
017 301
71)
Anal I)an.1
still
41 40N
059 01 P.
2I,R M
Bclogorsk
pill
SO 5SN
128291
RM
Anus
stns
52 SON
141 100
II.RM
Bclogorsk
pill
SS 02N
088 281'.
60, R M
\nml sk
pill
Al 14N
116 540
RM
Belokurikha
ppl
S I SAN
(184 51)1'-
RM
Vnm Skala Ol last
admd
54 ((IN
128 001
79
Belomorsk
pp1
64 32N
0)4 481
RM
A na her
,Uri
7108N
II1361.
RM
Beloreisk
pill
S1 58N
058 241
R NI
A 11,11(11'
"PI
64 4SN
177 291
57,59,RM
Belorussia Economic Region
reg
S1 00N
028 (1111
79
\nad, r'
slat
64 S4N
176 131.
RM
Belorussian oil shale deposit
oils
53 46N
029 141'
44
Anadyr coal h,nnt
coal
fi50(1N
174001
34,40
Belorussian SSR
admd
53 (ION
(128 ()11 P
79
A nadsr' oal dcpilit
coal
6S OON
177101`
14
Belovo
pp1
54 2SN
(180 181'
18,R r14
\mxll rskn /All
gulf
64 ((IN
17800W'
RM
Belovu
thep
SA
NA
49,67
'pl
411 45N
072 221!
56,79,8 M
Belovarskiy
ppl
SO4SN
1161 2_41 -
R NI
Andvhari,k.Iu. Oblast'
admd
411 45N
072_ ooh.
79
Belova rskiv
pill
6143N
0664111'.
1(1,RM
And-p,,
pill
SO OIN
018 501-.
31,RM
Belovarskiy
nucp
NA
SA
-2,67
Angara
still
S806N
((91001
SO,51,60,67,RM
Belvy Yar
pill
58 26N
085 011.
60,8 M
\nga ilk
pill
S2 )4N
1113 S41::
RM
Belyy, Ostrov
ll
73 I(IN
(17(1451,
RM
A ngarsk
poll
NA
NA
11.66
Benders
PH
46 49N
(129 291'.
R 1,1
\ng tell
p0l
41 OIN
07012_0.
OO.RM
Bennetta, Ostrov
sl
76 21 N
148 S61'.
RM
\ogrrn road ill 111111
coal
41 OAN
1170 001-.
14
Bcnoy
off
42 42N
040 291.
_1
\-I... -Su izhcnsk
pill
56 07N
(1861111:
60.R M
Berdsk
ppl
5447N
0830 I:
RM
\nzhcr -Su izhcn,k soil dcpisn
soul
S6 ION
086 (01!'.
34
Bcrd(ansk
pPl
464SN
1116 471;
RM
AI Ins
pill
67 14N
033_2)
RM
Berdvanskoye
gasf
S I 14N
ISS (( I
211
April 2h
rill
(9 S2N
050 Sol
21
Berezniki
ppl
S9 24N
OS6 461
RM
\,,,I Sca
sea
4S (lON
060001
R M
Berezuvo
ppl
63 SON
065 (121.
6.'1,8 M
\r.IC,k
pill
46 48N
1161 401:.
56,59.8 M
Bere,ovo
gasf
63 (ON
(104 241:-
,it,,
19 SAN
1(48 21)1:
21
Berczovo oil shale deposit
oils
6S 12N
(102481
44
\rcnrt,
g.sl
64 SIN
17411(
20
Bcrczovskoyc
ppl
SS SUN
0891011
60,RM
Argun
sun
5I 2ON
121 281:
R M
Bcrcrovskoyc coal deposit
coal
SS 4SN
089 I5l'-
(4,60
Nn ill llo, t'
pill
4S 09N
1 14 2211'
RM
Bcrczovskoyc-I
thep
NA
NA
49,611,67
Ark.Ig.Ila
pill
61 091
146 471
57,59,RM
Berezovyy
pp1
S1 40N
I1s421.
RM
Ark.Iga1.I coal Icixlsil
coal
61 2SN
1471101
34
Bering Sea
Ica
fill (ION
175 (lOW
RM
Arkal)k
pp1
SO I IN
1(66 SOF
79,RM
Bering Strait
strt
6O OON
169 OUW
RM
Ark hinge l'sk
pill
6414N
040 321'-
56,59,79,8 M
Beringovskiy
pp1
63 01N
179 191'.
RM
Arkhangel',k r .i l lhlasl'
admd
64 OON
(144 001.
79
Beringovskiy coal deposit
coal
61 0UN
178 401'
14
Arknc hcskp
gasf
69 40N
1170 491
16,00
Berkakit
pp1
SO 14N
124401
I I,R M
Arta ll
,Oil
SS SAN
054 1It:
20,22,60
Beshkul'
uiif
4611N
040141'.
21
Annecu
pill
45 00N
1141 081
RM
Bcstvakh
ppl
61 24N
128 S((1'
1_,RM
Armrm:ul
nucp
NA
NA
52.67
Beipak-Dala Desert
dot
46 (ION
070 (04',
R N4
A nncncul SSR
admd
40 OON
045 nat.
21,79
Bcurdeshik
gasf
39 17N
060 361
2_I
Arscn\cc
pill
44 ION
111 151.
RM
Beyncu
ppl
4S I I N
055 061
1_1, 3_,S6,S9.RM
\rlcril
pill
4122N
132131
RM
Bezmcin
ppl
18 OSN
058 1 II
21,0 M
Anim
rill
40 28N
OSO 221.
21
Bidzhan
pill
47 SON
Ill Sol
57,R \1
Aninl road &111,0
coal
41 ION
112 191
14
Bikin
ppl
46 48N
114 161'.
S7.R \1
Ail moss),
pill
S4 21 N
(191 2fil'l
57,RM
Bikin coal deposit
coal
40 SIN
114141
14
Annnosskn 11,,11 1)0111101
01,11
57 ION
((61 31(1
34
Bilibino
pill
(I8 o3N
166 201.
S7,SU.R M
An
pill
42 2ON
068 481'
SO,RM
Bilibino ATETs
nucp
Nn
NA
52,07
Arz:una,
pill
55 23N
043 SDI'
S6,RM
Binagadi tar sands deposit
tars
40 (ISN
048 511.
45
Ac.
gill
41 ION
1152 331.
21
Birobidzhan
ppI
48 48N
117 S"11'.
S"7,RM
1, 1, h, had
pill
17 S7N
058 231-.
2I,S6,fi1,79,RVI
Birvusa
stm
57 4IN
095 241.
60
Ashkhahad,k:r a Ohln,t'
admd
19 ()ON
(15910(1.
79
Biya
stns
52 2SN
INS 001:
RM
pill
S7 OON
1186 091'
RM
Biysk
pp1
S2 84N
(185 1 5 1 ' -
SO,R M
Askv
pill
S1118N
09032E
SO,R M
Black Sea
s e a
43 JOIN
035 (11(1-
RM
A,t.v.l
pill
I8 26N
048 51![
11,S6.RN4
Blagoveshchensk
ppl
5(I ION
12_7121'1
79.8 M
A,Ira khan'
pill
46_ I N
048 (1311
II,2S,SS,Sfi,79,RM
Blagovcvo
pill
61 2SN
074 561'
RM
Asuakha n'
gaol
46 SON
048 Ifil'l
21,23
Bobrovka
off
5212N
(ISI 361'
20
All ,r kh.nuk:q I 0111-C
admd
47 (ION
048 001'-
79
Bobruysk
ppl
5101) N
029141'
RM
Aiaha,
ga,f
31) 14N
1(58 III
21
Bodaybo
ppl
57 SIN
114101'.
RM
\Ib:oar
pill
SI 48N
1168 2111'
RM
Boguchanv
pp1
58 23N
097 291.
RM
Atl.unvo
I'll)
40 01 N
142 091
R M
Boguchany
hydp
NA
NA
5)1,67
M ar hurskas.1, Sq,ka
vole
5 3 1 SN
158491-.
64,R'.1
Bol'shaya Kuonamka
stns
104SN
111241.
RM
\s ('II1l
loll
6217N
(1711161.
16
Bol'shenik, Ostrrv
ill
78 41115
1112 1111'
R N1
As'11 ,111
0611
59 275
1172 451
16
Bol'shov Anyuy
stm
fib ION
16041))
RN1
Au.tguz
pill
47 SON
118(12_31.
S6,RM
Bol'shoy Begichev, Oslruv
sl
74211N
1 12 301 .
RM
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
B (continued)
Hol'shoy Iyakhovskiy. Ostrov
is)
73 35N
14200E
RM
C (continued)
Chimkent
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Bol'shoy ('it
slit
5901N
09144E
60
Chimkentskaya Oblast'
admd
43 OON
068 0011
79
Hol'shov Yugan
stn
61 OIN
073 24E
16,RM
Chirchik
ppl
41 29N
069 3511
61,6 M
Hulogoye
ppl
57 24N
034026
56,RM
Chirkey
hydp
NA
NA
50,67
Hondyuzhskiy
calf
55 58N
052 25E..
20
Chistopol'
Ppl
55 21 N
05037E
RM
Ron
ppl
56 22N
044 036...
RM
Chita
PPI
52 03N
1 13 301)
57,79,RM
Borisoglcbsk
ppl
SI 23N
...04206E
RM
Chitinskaya Oblast'
admd
5200N
1 1 7 0 0 6
79
Borisov
ppl
5415N
02830E
RM
Chkalovsk uranium deposit /processing center
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
Borodino
ppl
55 SSN
094 556..
60.RM
Chokurdakh
ppl
70 38N
14755E
RM
Horovichi
ppl
58 24N
033 55E
RM
Chu
DPI
43 36N
07342F'
56,RM
Horovka
Dill
5407N
051 19F_
20
Chuguyevka
ppl
4410N
133 526
57,RM
Boris .1
ppl
SO 24N
1 16 31 E
57,RM
Chukchi Sea
sea
69 OON
174 OOW
RM
Rovanenko
gasf
70 25N
068 19E
15,16,17,23,66
Chukotsk Peninsula
pen
6600N
17400W
RM
Bovtyshka (Boltyshka) oil shale deposit
oils
48 37N
033 29E.........
44
Chukotsk Upland
mts
67 OON
1761101)
RM
Bratsk
ppl
5621N
10155E
55,57,59,60,RM
Chukotskiy AOk
admd
67 30N
170001.
79
Bratsk
hydp
NA
NA
50,5 1,58,67
Chul'man
Ppl
56 52N
12452E
I1,57,RM
Bratskovc Vociokhranilishche
resv
56 OSN
101 50E
60,RM
Chul'man coal deposit
coal
56 45N
125 001.
11,34
Brest
ppl
52 06N
023 42E
32,56,79,RM
Chulym
ppl
55 06N
080 5811
56,R M
BreslskaNa Oblast'
admd
52 30N
025 30E
79
Chulym
sim
57 43N
083 511.
60, R M
Brczhnev
ppl
55 42N
052 191
RM
Chuna
stm
57 47N
094 376
60,RM
Bryansk
ppl
5515N
03422E
56,79,RM
Chuna tar sands deposit.....
tars
57 35N
097126..
45
Hrvanskaya Oblast'
admd
53 OON
033 306
79
Chunya
stm
61 36N
096301,
RM
Budennovsk
ppl
4446N
04412E.
56,RM
Chupa
Ppl
66 16N
033046
RM
Hugul'ma
ppl
54 33N
052 48E
56,RM
Chupa District uranium deposit
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
Buguruslan
p51
53 39N
052 26F
RM
Chupal'skoye
oilf
60 04N
072 386
16
Bug uruslan
Dill
53 39N
052 32E
20
Chusovaya
stm
5813N
056 226.
20
Bukachac ha
ppl
5259N
11655E
RM
Chusovoy
PPI
5817N
05749E
56,RM
Bukachacha coal deposit
coal
53 OON
117 OOE
34
Chutyr'
Dill
57 261,
053 1211
20
Bukhara
ppl
39 48N
064 25F
21,56.61,62,79
Chuvashskaya ASSR
admd
55 30N
047 OOF.
79
Hukharskaya Oblast'
admd
4100N
0640OE
79
Chuya
stm
SO 24N
08639E
RM
Hulls-More
gasf
39 45N
049496
21
Crimea
nucp
NA
NA
52,67
Buor-Khuva, (tuba
bay
71 30N
13100E
RM
Crimean Peninsula
per
45 OON
0340011
RM
Bureva
stir
49 27N
129 30E
50,51,67
Hureva
hydp
NA
NA
50,67
Bureya coal basin
coal
SI OON
132 30E
34,40
Burkand'ya
ppl
63 19N
147 306
RM
Dagestanskaya ASSR
admd
43 OON
047 OOE
21,64,79
Bursh(yn
ppl
49 16N
024 38E
RM
Dal'mamedly
oilf.....
40 40N
045 59F
21
Burshtyn
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Dal'negorsk
ppl
44 35N
1 35 356
57,R M
Huryatskaya ASSR
adnid
5300N
109006_..
79
Dal'nerechensk
ppl
45 55N
133 406
RM
Buy
ppl
58 29N
041 30E
RM
Dalakhay
PPI
50 SON
102 486
RM
Buzachi Peninsula
pen
4S OON
052 OOE
21,RM
Danilov
PPI
58 12N
040 1(IF
RM
Buzuluk
ppl
5247N
052 156...
RM
Danilov
Dill
60 56N
064 O S F
16
Byrranga Mountains
nits
7500N
1040011.
RM
Daugava
stm
57 OON
024 006
RM
Bystrin
oil[
61 37N
072 53E
16
Daugavpils
PPI
55 53N
(126 326
RM
Bytantay
stn
68 46N
13420E
RM
De-Kastri
Ppl
51 28N
140 47F.
RM
Debin__.
ppl
62 22N
150126
57,RM
Dekabr'skoye
oilf
62 (ISN
070 06E
16
Demu__.
stm
54 42N
056 OOE
20
Carpathian Mountains
nits
47 OON
025 3011
RM
Demskoye
oilf
53 4ON
054 116
20
Caspian Lowland
pin
4800N
052006_.....
RM
Denau
ppl
38 16N
067 54F,
56,R M
Caspian Sea
sea
4200N
05000E
21,RM
Dengizkul'
gasf
39 28N
064 406
21
Caucasus Mountains
mts
42 OON
045 OOE
21,RM
Deputatskiy
PPI
6918N
1 38 54F
RM
Center power system
reg
54 OON
038 OOE..........
46,55
Derbent
ppl
42 03N
048 18E
RM
Central coal region
coal
48 OON
142 15E
34
Desna
stm
50 33N
030 326
RM
Central Asia oil and gas region
reg
4000N
06000E...
14,15,21,22,23,
Desovskoye iron ore deposit
iron
57 30N
124 15F
II
25,32
Dikson
PPI
73 30N
080 35E
S9,R M
Central Asia power system
reg
40 OON
06800E
46,55
54 14N
049 336
RM
Central Asia Economic Region
reg
39 OON
066 OOE
79
Dimitrovgrad
nucp__..
NA
NA
67
Central (hernozem Economic Region
reg
S I OON
040 00E
79
Dmitriya Lapteva, Proliv
sort
73 (ION
142 00E
RM
Central I conontic Region
reg
56 00N
038 OOE
79
Dnepr
43 30N
032 186
5O, 51,67, R M
Central Range
lots
56 00N
158 006........
RM
Dnepr at Zaporozh'ye
hydp
NA
NA
50.67
Central Russian Upland
upld
52 OON
038 OO6
RM
Dnepr coal basin ....._
coal
48 OON
032 006
34,40
Central Siberian Plateau
plat
66OON
106 OOF
RM
Dnepr Lowland
pin
50 OON
032 OOE
RM
Chadan
ppl
51 17N
091 35E
RM
Dnepr Upland....
upld
49 (ION
028 OOF
RM
C'haladidi
oilf
42 06N
041 49F
21
Dnepropetrovsk
ppl
48 27N
034 596
56,79,RM
('hany. ((zero
lake
54 SON
077 30E
RM
Dnepropetrovskaya Oblast'
admd
48 30N
035 OOF
79
(hard
strtt
60 22N
1 20 506............
R M
Dnestr
stn
46 18N
030 1711
R M
Chardzhou
ppl
3906N
06334E.
21,56,79,RM
Dno
ppl
57 SON
029 59F
RM
Chardzhouskaya Oblast'
admd
39 OON
063 OOE...
79
Dolgozhdannoye coal deposit
coal
68 (ION
172 30E
34
Charkc-sar uranium deposit
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
Dolina
ppl
48 58N
024 01 F
RM
Charsk
ppl
49 34N
08105E
56,RM
Dolinsk
Ppl
47 21 N
142 49F
57,RM
C'haun-Chukotka coal area
coal
66 30N
178 OOE
34
Don
Sim __...
4704N
03918E
53,RM
C'havlisay-Krsnogorskiy-Yangiabad uranium deposit
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
Donets coal basin
coal
48 OON
039 OOF
34,35,36,37,38
C hayek
ppl
41 55N
074306............
56,RM
40,41
Chaykovskiy
ppl
56 47N
054 096.........
RM
Donetsk
ppl
48 OON
037 4811
55,56,79,RM
Chavvo
oilf
5231N
14346E
II
Donetsk coal deposit
coal
47 SON
037 SOF
34
Chebach'ye
Dill
60 27N
078 47E..........
16
Donetskaya Oblast'
admd
48 OON
037 30F
79
56 09N
047 156............
56.79,RM
Dorokhovka
call,
56 38N
056 57E
20
C'heboksurv
hydp
NA
NA
50,51,67
Dossor
ppl
47 32N
053 OOF
56,RM
Chccheno-Ingushskaya ASSR
admd
43 ISN
045 30E
21,79
Dossor
oil)
47 34N
052 56F
21
C'hegdonryn
ppl
St ION
133 05E
57,RM
Drogobych No. I
petr
NA
NA
31,66
C'hekmagush
Dill
5S 12N
054 44E
20
Drogobych No. 2
Pete
NA
NA
31,66
Cheleken
ppl
39 26N
053 07F.......
56,RM
Drovyanaya
ppl
5 1 53N
1 13 026
RM
Chelcken
oilf
39 14N
053 27E........
21
Druzhba
ppl
45 17N
082 306
RM
Chelkar
ppl
47 SON
059 36E
56,59,RM
Dubinino
ppl
55 40N
089 06E
60,R M
Chelny
ppl
4853N
13602E
RM
Dudinka
ppl
69 25N
086 15F
I6,57,RM
( helyabmsk
ppl
55 ION
06124E
32,55,56,79,RM
Dukat
ppl
62 45N
15S 15F
RM
Chelyabinsk coal basin
coal
5200N
06215E
34
Dulgalakh
stn
67 44N
133 12F
RM
Chclyabinskaya Oblast'
admd
54 OON
060 30F
79
Dunay
PPI
42 52N
132 22F
RM
Cherentkhovo
ppl
5309N
10305E
57,RM
Dushanbe
ppl
38 33N
068 48E
55, 56, 79, R M
Cherentkhovo coal deposit
coal
53 OON
102 30E
34
Dzerzhinsk
ppl
56 15N
043 24F
RM
Cherentkhovo oil shale deposit
oils
5359N
101 41E...
44
Dzh'Yer
oilf.....
63 17N
054 58F.
20
Cheren sh,n
oilf
5444N
051 28E
20
Dzhalal-Abad
ppl
40 56N
073 OOF
RM
Cheremushki
ppl
5252N
091 24E
RM
Dzhalinda
ppl
53 29N
123 546.
I I,RM
Cherepet'
ppl
5407N
036 23E
RM
Dzhambul
ppl
42 54N
071 226
56,79,RM
Cherepel'
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Dzhambul
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Chere oveis
ppl
59 08N
037 54F
56,RM
Dzhambulskaya Oblast'
admd
44 OON
072 (IO6
79
C'herkasskaya Oblast'
admd
49 00N
031 00E
79
Dzhansugurov
ppl
45 24N
079 296
56,RM
Cherkassv
ppl
49 26N
032 04E
79,RM
Dzhebariki-Khaya coal deposit
coal
62 25N
136 30F
34
Cherkessk
ppl
44 14N
042036............
RM
Dzhebol'
gas)
62 26N
056 301,
20
S8 49N
056 006.
20
Dzhergalan coal deposit
coal
42 33N
079113F
34
Chernigov
ppl
St 30N
031 18E
79,RM
Dzhetygara
PPI
52 11 N
061 121,
56,RM
C'hernigovskaya Oblast'
admd
St OON
032 OOE.......
79
Dzhezkazgan....
ppl
47 47N
067 46F
56,59,RM
Chernobyl'
ppl
51 16N
03014E
RM
Dzhezkazganskaya Oblast'
admd
47 30N
071 OOF
79
Chernobyl'
nucp
NA
NA
52,67
Dzhizak
ppl
40 06N
067 506.
79,RM
Chernogorsk
ppl
S349N
09118E.
RM
Dzhizakskaya Oblast'
admd
40 30N
067 40F.
79
Chernogorsk coal deposit
coal
53 4SN
091 OOE
34
Dzhugdzhur Range
mts
58 00N
136 006
RM
Chernovitskaya Oblast'
admd
48 15N .
...026 OOE
79
Dzhul'fa
PPI
38 57N
045 386
RM
Chernov.skiye Kopi coal deposit
coal
S2 OSN
11245E
34
Chernovsy
ppl
48 I8N
025 56E__.....
56,79,RM
Chernyakhovsk
ppl
54 38N
021 49E
RM
Chernvayevo
ppl
52 46N
125 59E
RM
East Kamchatka coal area
coal
56 OON
162 006.
34
C'hernyshevsk
ppl
52 32N
1 1 7 0 0 6
57,RM
Fast Siberia Economic Region
reg
61 OON
099 00F:
79
Chernyshevskiy
ppl
62 59N
112 35E__.
57.58,59,RM
East Siberian oil and gas region
rcg
64 OON
126 OOE
14,1 5,25,32
Cherskiy
ppl
68 45N
161 18E
57,RM
East Siberian Sea
sea
74 OON
166 OOE
R M
65 OON
144 006
RM
Egveki not
ppl
6619N
179 lOW
57,59,RM
Chervonograd
ppl
SO 23N
024 14E
RM
Ekibastuz
ppl
51 40N
075 226
55,56,RM
Chesh,ilkaya Gotha
bay
67 30N
046 30E
20,RM
Ekibastuz coal basin............
coal
51 30N
075 306
34,35,36,37,38
Chib'yu
oil)
63 56N
053 44E
20
39,40
Chlganak
Ppl
4506N
07358E..
48,RM
Ekibastuz I
thep
NA
NA
47,48,49,55,67
Chigirik uranium processing center
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
Ekibastuz-2
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Chiili
ppl
44 ION
066456...........
56,RM
EI'dikan
ppl
6048N
13511E
59,RM
Chimkent
ppl
4218N
06936E.......
32,56,79,RM
El'ginskiy
ppl
64 35N
14147E
RM
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
I (.onuouedl
hlsa
nil,a
nrba
F mba; Caspian I I, sands deposit
ngel s
I- rozionny)
F inn
Istonia
I'tnuln it sha I: field
Isnnuau SSR
1 venklyskis AO
I-x port pipellne
I.ii I-act I,,,wcr,)snnt
I,ISt I'ron?rlis Region
I:uab
cdoraco
erg,ni.l
cr g:ul.i
I ei g.lna \',illes ~:u sands delxsit
erg in-kita ((Masi'
I cvt,I'sk
inland. Cult of
onuuo,k.i
on -Shcvchonk,
1 ran lord) I In I
I rare lose) I ul I la, .1 1, de1w.si1
ioluco
rout
Gas ny
l.as conrn
G:vb
O.vli
( enrn rlh, 0,Irs
Geor ga. /copra
Gcolgnm SSK
Gcorgul-Dezh
(ie rgncvek
Gerald, ((crisis
Gihus
Ghvo
Gogr;nl'dag
Gomel'
(ianiet'sk.isa ((blast'
Gi 11,1111
( iii kn
(,ot'kn lK,locol
Gor'kn ,\SI
Gor'k s .'r. Bakimkikh
Gol'k ocsk.lsa OhIas('
Goo
,orlovka
Unrrie 'V(u)sk
Gonli \ha)sk:pa \O
Gorno. Iiud.lkhsf anskas a AO
(for noz,ivodsk
Gonlsak
( toos.lr hcgorsk
Gnh al'd
Gclkhnco
Grannogursk
Gi.lnnogorsk ur:,niuln deposit pnkes.cing center
Grecnr B,11. Osl -os
Orcnt ikh.l
I, ro,hlens k;n;l [Mast'
(iroohla
(:rain))
Groins in sands dctxs0
Groin)) Group
6""'1" No .
(:ruins No I
Gran
Gul o
Gubknt
I, uhkin
Gubkin
G udci nu?c
G agurlb
ul is fan
Gil it"s cgan
Gums cs
G 1I r'..,.
Guiles sk:nn ((lulu)'
Gus' Kluuslal'ms
l iu,m,avtrsk
l .u,innoiitrsk
G u+inooicrsk co; I dcrssil
Guzar
Gsdau I'cnntsula
I laalsa lu
Il.il?nn.p Iclapd'
Ilounna
g.o ka
Ignalula
Ignalina
Igrinl
Ik
I( in r,kn
Ili
hncm folios Osipenko
Inder(nursk is
Indigo rko
I ng,ul.l
Ingun
Ingun
Iola
Inca aul deposit
Imo
In
Iok.ing,i
ppl
4616N
044141:
21,56,79,RM
I (continued)
Ions, Ostrov
is)
56 26N
141 251'
KM
ppl
48 SON
058 080
56,RM
Irbil
ppl
5741 N
1161011,
KM
stns
46 38N
053 140
21
Iriklinskiy
rip,
51 39N
O50 301
KM
Tars
47 47N
(150 I01
45
Irikli nskiy
thep
NA
NA
49,67
ppl
5130N
046070
RM
Irkutsk
pp(
52 16N
104200
32,S5,57,79,1I M
ppl
65 46N
149 441:
1-
KM
Irkutsk coal basin
coal
53 OON
102 301
34.35,40
pp1
SO ISN
095101!
57,RM
Irkutsk-10 Beat and Power
lhep
NA
NA
49,67
thep
NA
NA
44.49,67
Irkutskaya Oblast'
admd
S6 IION
106 001:
79
our
59 07N
027 231.
44
Irsha
ppl
55 551,
094 481
60, K M
udmd
59 OON
026 000
79
Irsha-Borodino coal deposit
coal
5545N
096 131'
34,60
admd
65 OON
095 OOF
79
Irtrsh
stm
61 041,
068 521s
16,50,67,KM
pipe
554SN
049001
10,11,20,32,33
Isakov
Dill
64 30N
056 (111
20
Ishiin
ppl
56 09N
069 271(
56,19 M
Ishim
stn
5742N
071 1211
KM
Ishimbay
ppl
53 281,
1156 ((21'_
K M
rcg
SI 00N
114001'-
46,55
Ishimbay
Dill
53 24N
065 011 s
20
reg
61 005
143 001
79
Ishirn bay
pelr
NA
Nn
31,66
gas)
39 I6N
063 2711
21
Iskine
off
47 ION
((S2 301'
21
oil(
61 40N
073 320
16,17,22,29,66
Iskitim
ppl
54 37N
083 241'-
KM
ppl
40 23N
071 460
79,RM
Islinl
gas)
3S 30N
062 ((41
21
pelt
NA
tiA
31,66
Issyk-Kul', Ozcro
lake
4225N
077 ISIL
KM
far,
4241N
0712)0
45
Issvk-Kul'skaya Oblast'
admd
42 30N
078 001[
79
admd
40 30N
071 301
79
Istok
oilf
S8 47N
057 0(11':
20
ppl
5228N
130438
RM
Istra
ppl
S5 SSN
036 521;
62,KM
gulf
60001,
1)27001'-
RM
Itatskiy
ppl
56 04N
089 OSI
S6,60,K M
oill
54 11N
053 090
20
Itatskiy coal deposit
coal
56 ISN
089 0(111
14.60
pp1
44 31N
050 (60'
RM
Iturup, Ostrov
isl
450ON
148(101
KM
ills
81 ()ON
0S5 0(10
RM
lul'tin
ppl
67 SON
178 48W
57,KM
air
O(1 ION
049 OOE.
45
Ivano- I rankovsk
ppl
48 S6N
024 4311
79,K M
pp]
49 461,
043 400
R M
Ivano-I rankovskaya Oblast'
admd
48 31(N
024 101'
79
ppl
42 54N
07416E
55.56,79,RM
Ivanovo
ppl
57 0111,
0411 S91'
79, K M
Iva nos skaya Oblast'
admd
57 CON
042 001'
79
Ivdcl'
ppl
6(142N
((60241'
KM
lya
stm
SS 331,'
102 071
60
ppl
611 ION
05419E
56,RM
Izberbash
out
42 13N
((47 581`
21
ppl
48211,
02951E
56,RM
Izhma
stm
65 19N
1152 5411
20,R M
ppl
40 14',1,
063 24 0
56,R M
Izmail
ppl
45 21 N
028 501':
12,56,19 M
gas)
4)104N
(161218
21,66
Izvestkovyy
ppl
48 591,
131 311''
KM
sl
77 061,
156 30F
RM
Izvum
ppl
49 12N
1(37 190
KM
i.s)
8O ION
049011E
RM
admd
42 001,
043 301
21,79
ppl
5(1 SON
((19 300
56,RM
ppl
44 09N
04228E
RM
Japan. Sea of
4330N
135451
KM
is)
71 23N
17S40W
RM
Jelgava
5639N
(121411
KM
,sun
51 SON
127 280.
I I,RM
Jurmala
56 SON
021 341
KM
pp1
58 09N
052 401;
RM
gas[
18 44N
054 270
21
ppl
52 251,
031 (101
56,79,RM
ad ntd
52 OON
03(1001
79
Kabardino-Balkarskaya ASSK
acrid
43 ION
((43 101!
79
slm
57 211,
111 14F
I I
Kachug
ppl
53 58N
105 521'.
57,R \4
ppl
56 20N
044 001
32,56,79,RM
Kadzhi-Say
rip,
4208N
((77101'
KM
pctr
NA
NA
31,66
Kadzhi-Say uranium deposit
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
nucp
NA
NA
52,53,67
Kafan
pp1
39 12N
((46 2411
R M
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Kailiadorys
ppl
54 52N
0242711
51,56,RIM
admd
56 OON
045 0011
79
Kailiadorys
hydp
NA
NA
50,67
ppl
41 49N
04407E
RM
Kalach-na-Donu
ppl
4843N
04331 F:
RM
pp1
48 ION
038031
RM
Kalai-Khumb
ppl
3828N
070461.
56,KM
ppl
51 59N
005 SOF
56,RM
Kalamkas
Dill
45 111,
OS2 071:
21
admd
S I OON
1186 000
79
Kalinin
ppl
56 52N
035 551-
56,79.19 M
admd
38 OON
073 001(
79
Kalinin
nucp
NA
NA
52,67
ppl
46 341,
141 491-
57,RM
Kaliningrad
pp1
54 43N
020 301
56,79,8 M
ppl
SI OON
081 290
RM
Kaliningradskaya Oblast'
admd
54 4S N
021 301
79
ppl
5S 24N
088 55E
60,RM
Kalininskaya Oblast'
admd
57 OON
035 001
79
ppl
49 411,
1136 21 E
RM
Kalmykovo
ppl
49 02N
051 SO1.
56, 59, K M
Dill
S6 31N
OSS 118E
20
Kalmytskaya ASSR
admd
40 30N
1145 30F
79
041'
56041,
(151 550
20
Kaluga
ppl
54 31 N
036 161,
56,79,K M
ppl
42 441,
(173 270
RM
Kalush
rip,
49 011,
024 221,
K M
u/I
NA
NA
42,43
Kaluzhskaya Oblast'
admd
S4 30N
035 3111!
79
isl
81 ION
0640(11
RM
Kama
slm
55 251,
050401:
211,511,51,67,KM
If
56 52N
053 48F
20
Kamchatka
SIm
56 ISN
162301.
RM
admd
53 30N
024 300
79
Kamchatka Peninsula
pen
560ON
160001:
64, RIM
ppl
51 41 N
023 5(IF
79,RM
Kamchatskaya Oblast'
admd
55 o0N
160001,
79
ppl
43 20N
045 42E
2 1,56,79,RM
Kamen'
ppl
5347N
08120E
KM
Curs
44231,
04444E
45
Kamen'-Rybolov
ppl
4445N
132041
57,KM
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Kamencts-Podol'skiy
rip,
48 401,
026 341
K M
peer
NA
NA
31,66
Ka menka
ppl
58 33N
095 511
K M
petr
NA
11
31,66
Ka men ka
out
65 03N
056 311
20
ppl
0230N
1141100E
R M
Kamennoye
out
61 33N
067 201
16
Dill
53 ION
048 411
20
Kamensk-Ural'skiy
ppl
56 251,
061 5411
RM
ppl
SI 17N
(13732F
56,RM
Kamskoye Vodokhranilishche
resv
58 52N
056 IS1
20
gas)
64 45N
077 1411
16.66
Kamyshin
ppl
5006N
045 241
56,KM
ga,f
39 33N
052 22F
21
Kamyshldzha
oil)
38 (6N
054071.
21
Dill
43 OSN
046 201
21
Kan
SIm
56 31 N
(193 470.
60
gist
40 041,
062 161
21,66
Kandry
out '
442N
OS4 (51
20
ppl
40 291,
068 46F
79,RM
Kandym
gas)
39 27N
063 311.
21,66
oil)
61 411,
077 461'.
16
Kanin, Poluostrov
pen
68 OON
045 001-.
R M
ppl
4707N
OS) 531
21.32,56,59,79,
Kansk
ppl
56 13N
((9S 411
57,60,KM
RM
Kansk-Achinsk coal basin
coal
56 30N
093 001
34,35,36,37,38,
petr
NA
NA
3066
40,41,60
admd
4S OON
((53 001
79
Kansu
gasf
42 451,
054 301.
21
pp1
SS 17N
040401(
RM
Kapchagay
ppl
43 SON
(177 051.
RM
ppl
SI 17N
1)16301'
S7,RM
Kapustin Yar
rip,
4834N
045451.
RM
thcp
NA
NA
49,67
Kara Sea
sea
76 001,
080 001
K M
coal
SI 3)1N
106 001
34
Kara-Balta uranium processing center
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
ppl
38 36N
066 IS0
56,RM
Kara-Bally
ppl
42 SON
1173 521-.
RM
pen
70 SON
079001,
16,RM
Kara-Bogaz-Goo, Zaliv
gulf
41 0(11,
0S3 151
KM
Karaarn
off
46 ION
053 231
21
Karabagly....
oilf
39 22N
049 051
21
Karabil'
gas)
36 09N
062 461'.
21
ppl
SO S6N
023 331.
56,RM
Ka tabula
ppl
58 02N
097 231'
R M
isIs
43 (ON
146 100
RM
Karabulak
oil)
43 12N
044 351
21
sl
58 SON
022401,
R M
Karabutak
ppl
4959N
060141
56,KM
Karacha-Velga
o;lf
5516N
055 091
20
Ka rachaga nak
gas)
SI 16N
OS3 271-
20,23
Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya AO
admd
44 CON
042001-
79
ppl
67 281,
086 351.
57,59,RM
Karachop
gasf
35 20N
062 281
21
ppl
55 211,
026 101-
53,RM
Karadag
oilf
40 ION
049 331
21
nucp
NA
NA
52,53,67
Karaganda
ppl
4950N
073 101
56,79.KM
gas)
(12 SON
064 130
16
Karaganda coal basin
coal
49 45N
(173 001-
34.3
stm
55 SS'N
052 361'.
20
Karagandinskaya Oblast'
admd
48 001,
070 OOI;
79
ppl
S9 56N
164 IOE
RM
Karagayly
ppl
4922N
075 581
56,KM
,to,
4524N
(174 OOF
R.M
Karaginskiy, Ostrov
is]
58 SON
164 001
R VI
ppl
52251,
116291.
KM
Karakalpakskaya ASSR
admd
43 OON
059 000.
79
ppl
40 331,
(151 471'1
56,RM
Karakum
gas)
39 03N
065 351'
21
slot
7040'N
148541.
RM
Karakum Desert
dst
39001,
(16000!-
KM
slm
SI 42N
115481:
RM
Karakumskiy Kanal
can
37 351,
06S 431;
R M
slot
42 24N
041 131
50,51,67
Karamov
oilf
63 371,
074 371!
16
hydp
NA
NA
50.51,67
Karashaganak
ppl
51 27N
053 251
KM
pp(
66 OSN
(160001
56,59,RM
Karasuk
pp1
53 44N
0781121.
56,RM
coal
6S ION
059 461
34
Karatal
stm
46 26N
077 I OF
R M
stun
54 SON
((82 591.
60
Ka raton
out
46 25N
053 201'
21
ppl
6 3 5 1 N
046 211_
R M
Karazhal
pp)
4802N
07049E
56.RM
ppl
60 OON
019411
56,RM
Karazhanbas
out
45 OON
O51 351.
21
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
K (continued)
K (continued)
Karel'skaya ASSR
admd
64 OON
032 30E
79
Kizyl-Arvat
PPI 38 58N .05615E
56,RM
Kargaly
oilf
54 37N
054 45E
20
Klaipbda
PPI 55 43N 02107E
56,RM
Karkarulinsk
ppl
49 26N
075 30E
RM
Klin
ppl 56 20N 036 44E
RM
Karmanovo
PH
56 14N
054 33E
RM
KlintsY.
ppl 5245N 032 14F
RM
Karmanovo
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Klyuchevskoye
oilf 5903N 077 29E
16
Karpinsk
ppl
5945N
06001E
RM
Kochki.
PPI 5420N 08029E.
56,RM
Karpogory
ppl
63 59N
044 27E
RM
Kodinskiy
PPI 58 40N 099 12F
57,RM
Karsakpay
PPI
4750N
06645E___..
RM
Kogalym
odf 62 24N 074 24E
16
Karshi
ppl
38 53N
065 48E___
56,79,RM
Kohtla-Jarve......_.
ppl 59 24N 027 15E...
44,65,RM
KarskiNe Vorota, Proliv
strt
70 30N
058 OOE
R M
Kok-Yangak coal deposit
coal 41 OON 073 19E
34,
Kartals
ppl
5303N
06040E..
RM
Kokand
pal.......... 40 30N 07057E._..
RM
Kartashcvka
oilf
54 27N
056 31 E
20
Kokchetav
ppl 53 17N 069 30E
55,56,79,RM
Kartop'ya
oilf
61 13N
065 30E
16
Kokchetavskaya Oblast'
admd 53 30N 070 OOE
79
Karymskoye
ppl
51 37N
1 14 21 E
57,RM
Kokpekty
ppl 4845N 08224E.
56,RM
Kashira
ppl
54 SIN
038 IOE
RM
Koktas
Ppl 47 30N 070 54F..
RM
Kashira
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Koktas uranium deposit
u/t NA NA
42,43
Kashkadar'inskaya Oblast'
admd...
39 OON
066 OOE_....
79
Koktuma
PPI 45 52N 081 39E
RM
Kashpirovka oil shale deposit
oils
52 44N
04920E_____
44
Kokuy coal deposit
coal 58 OON 096 )15E
34
Kasimov
ppl
54 56N
041 24E...
RM
Kola__
nucp.......... NA NA
52,67
Kaspiyskiy
oilf
45 13N
04715E.......
21
Kola Peninsula
pen 67 20N 037 OOE
RM
Katangli
ppl
5142N
143 14E
RM
Kolguyev, Ostrov
isl 69 05N 049 15E
RM
Katsiveli
ppl
4425N
03403E
62,RM
Kolik"yegan
oilf 61 18N 079 USE
16
Kattakurgan
pp1
3955N
06615E
RM
Kolkhozabad
PPI 37 35N 068 40E
56,RM
Katun'
stro
S2 25N
085 OOE
RM
Kolomna
PPI....... 55 05N 038 47E
RM
Katyl'ga
oilf
59 18N
077 08E
16
Kolomyya
PPI 48 32% 025 02E
RM
Kaunas
ppl
54 54N
023 54E
RM
Kolpashevo
ppl 58 20N 082 SOE
RM
Kavalcrovo
ppl
44 16N
135 USE
57,RM
Kolpino
ppl 59 45N 030 36E
52,53,RM
Kayak coal deposit
coal
67 30N
104 OOE
34
Kolyma
stm 69 30N 16100E
50,51,59,RM
Kavakcnt
oilf
41 57N
048 12E..
21
Kolyma Lowland
pln 6830N 15400E.
RM
Kayasula
ppl
44 19N
045 OOE
64,RM
Kolyma Mountains
mIs 63 OON'... 160 OOK
RM
Kazakh SSR
admd
48 00N
068 OOE...
20,21,22,79
Komandorskiye Ostrava
isls 55 OON 167 OOE
RM
Kazakh Upland
reg
4900N
07200 F.
RM
Komi ASSR
admd.... 64 OON 054 OOE
15,20,22,79
Ka,akhstan Economic Region
reg
48 OON
068 OOE......_
79
Komi-Permyatskiy AOk......
admd 60 OON 054 30E
79
Kazan'
ppl
5545N
049 08E
20,32,56,79,RM
Kommunarsk
ppl 48 30N 038 47E
RM
Kazanbulak
oilf
40 27N
04619E_..
21
Komsomol
Bas( 64 20N 076 39E
16,66
Kazanchi
oilf
56 17N
05622E.
20
Komsomol'sk
PPI 50 35N ..... 13702E
I1,32,55,57,RM
Kazant.sevo
gasf
69 47N
08318E....
16
Komsomol'sk
Petr NA NA
31,66
Kclif
pp1
3721N
06618E
21,RM
Komsomol'skiy
ppl 69 ION 172 42E
RM
Kemerovo
ppl
55 20N
086 05E
60,79,RM
Komsomolets, Ostrov
is] 80 30N 095 OOE
R M
Kemerovo coal deposit
coal
55 30N
087 OOE
34
Konakovo
ppl 56 42N 036 46E
55,56,R.M
Kemcrovskaya Oblast'
admd
55OON
086 OOE
79
Konakovo
thep NA NA
49,67
Kcmpcndyay
ppl
62 02N
1 18 37E
RM
Konechnaya
PPI 50461, 078 36E
RM
Kendcrlyk oil shale deposit
oils
47 ISN
084 15E
44
Konitlor
oilf 62 25N 072 29E
16
Kentau
ppl
43 32N
068 36E___
56,RM
Konosha
ppl..... 6058N (14015E
RM
Kcrch'
ppl
45 21N
036 28E
56,RM
Konolop
PPI 5233N 03601 E....
56,RM
Kerki
ppl
37 SON
065 12E..........
56,RM
Konstantinovka......
PPI 48 32N .....03743E
RM
Kerkichi
ppl
37 SIN .
.......065 14E..
RM
Konstantinovka...
ppl 47 SON 031 (19E
51,56,RM
Ket'
stm
58 55N
081 32E
60,RM
Konstantinovskiy
PPI 57 50N 039 36F
R M
Khabarovsk
pp1
48 30N
135 06E
55,57,79,RM
Konstantinovskiy
petr NA NA
31,66
Khabarovsk
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Kopeysk
PPI S507N 06137E
RM
Khabarovsk coal basin
coal
45 45N
135 OOE.........
34,40
Kopeysk coal deposit
coal 55 0I N 061 51F ....
34
Khabarovskiy Kray
admd
55 OON
134 OOE
79
Korf coal deposit...
coal 60 45N 166 OOE
34
Khachmas
ppl
41 28N
048 48E
56,RM
Korkino
PPI 54 54N 061 23E
RM
Khakasskaya AO
admd
53 OON
090 OOE
79
Korkodon
stm 64 44N 154008.
RM
Khal'mer-Yu
ppl
67 58N
06450E
16,RM
Korosten'
ppl 50 57N 028 39E
RM
Khamza
ppl
63 43N
122 59E
32,RM
Korsakov
ppl 40 38N 14246E.
57,RM
Khanrza
ppl
4025N
071 30E
RM
Koryak Mountains
mts 62 30N 17200E
RM
Khamza
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Koryakskiy AOk
admd 62 OON 166 OOE...
79
Khandagayty
ppl...
5044N
092 03E
RM
Koryazhma
ppl 61 18N 04711 E
RM
Kha ndyga
ppl
62 40N
135 36E
RM
Koschagyl
oil(..... 46 48N 053 42E
21
Khanka, Lake
lake
45OON
13224E.....
RM
Kostomuksha
PPI 64 41 N 030 498
R M
Khantayka
hydp...
NA
NA
58
Kostroma
PPI 57 46N 040 55E
56,79,RM
Khanty-Mansiysk
ppl
61 OON
069 06E
RM
Kostroma
thep NA NA
49,67
Khants-Mansiyskiy AOk
admd
62 OON
072 OOE
17,79
Kostroma
nucp NA NA
52,67
K ha pchera nga
ppl
49 42N
112 24E
RM
Kostromskaya Oblast'
admd 58 30N 044008.
79
Kharkov
ppl
50 OON
03615E__.....
52,53,56,79,RM
Kotel'nich
pal 5819N 04820F.......
56,RM
Khar'kovskaya Oblast'
admd
49 30N
03630F__..
79
Kotel'nyy, Ostrov
is] 75 45N 138 44E
RM
Khar'yaga
oilf
67 ION
056 21E.....
20
Kotlas
PPI 6116N 04635E.
20,56,RM
Kharanor
Thep
NA
NA
49,67
Kotur-Tepe
oil(........... 3914N 05349E
21,66
Kharanor coal deposit
coal
SO ISN
117 OOE
34
Kotuy
stm..... 71 55N 10205E
RM
Kharasavey
gasf
71 ISN
06652E
15,16,17,23,66
Kotuy-Maymecha tar sands deposit
tars 69 41N 100 25F
45
Khasan
ppl
42 25N
130 408._.........
57,RM
Kovdor
PPI 67 34N 030 24F
RM
Kh,tsav yurt
ppl
43 15N
046 36E
RM
Kovel'
ppl 51 13N 024 43E
56,RM
Khatanga
ppl
71 58N
102 30E
59,RM
Kovrov
ppl 56 25N 041 18F
RM
K ha t anga
stm....
75 55N
10600E...
RM
Koyun-Sharlyk
gasf 39 39N 058 47F.
21
Khavankort
oilf
43 ISN
04S 27E
21
Kozubay
oilf.... 57 53N 05603E
20
Kherson
ppl
46 38N
032 36E
32,56,79,RM
Kramatorsk
PPI 48 43N 037 32E
RM
Kherson
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Krasnaya Sopka
ppl 55 42N 090 02E.......
RM
Khersonskaya Oblast'
admd
4630N
034 OOE
79
Krasnoarmeysk
PH 48 31N 044 32F
RM
Khiva
ppl
41 24N
060 22E
21,32,RM
Krasnodar
ppl 4502N 039 (l(lE
56,79,RM
Khntcl'nitskava Oblast'
admd
49 30N
027 OOE
79
Krasnodar
petr NA NA
31,66
Khmel'nitskiy
ppl
49 25N
027 OOE
79,RM
Krasnodar Heat and Power
they ---- NA NA
49,67
Khmel'nitskiy
nucp
NA
NA
52,67
Krasnodarskiy Kray
admd... 45001 .04000E
21,79
Khokhryakov
oilf
6201N
07928E
16
Krasnogorsk
ppl 48 24N 142 06E
RM
K hot bon
ppl
SI 53N
116 15E
57,RM
Krasnokamensk uranium deposit
u/t NA NA
42,43
Kholmogory
ppl
63 06N
074 18E
16,32,56,59,RM
Krasnokamsk
ppl 58 04N 055 48E
RM
Kholmogory
oilf
63 06N
074
16,66
Krasnokamsk
oilf... 58 02N 055 39E
20
Kholmsk
ppl
47 03N
142 03E........
57,RM
KrasnoleninskiY
ppl 61 38N 06742F
16,RM
Khonuu
ppl
66 27N
143 06E
RM
Krasnotur'insk
PPI 5946N 06012E
RM
Khoper
stm
49 36N
042 19E........
RM
Krasnovishersk
PPI 60 23N 057 03E
56,RM
Khorezmskaya Oblast'
admd
41 30N
060 308 ..............
79
Krasnovodsk
PPI 40 001 053 00E
21,56,79,R M
Khorog
ppl
37 30N
071 36E
RM
Krasnovodsk
petr NA NA
31,66
Khromtau
ppl
50 17N
058 27E
56,RM
Krasnovodskaya Oblast'
adrod 40 OON 055 30F
79
Kiev
ppl
50 26N
030 318
55,56,59,79,RM
Krasnoyarsk
ppl 56011 092 50E
32,38,45,57,59,
79
60
RM
Kinel'
ppl
53 14N
05039E
56,RM
,
,
Kincshma
ppl
57 28N
04207E
56,RM
Krasnoyarsk
hydp......... NA NA
47,50,67
Kinzebulatovo
oilf
53 27N
056 IOE............
20
Krasnoyarsk Heat and Power
thep NA
NA
49,67
Kirensk
ppl
57 46N
108 08E
R M
Krasnoyarsk-2_
thep NA
NA
49,67
Kirghiz SSR
admd
41 OON
075 OOE
79
Krasnoyarskiy Kray
admd 67 OON
100 OOE...
16,79
Kirishi
ppl
59 27N
032 028...........
32,RM
Krasnoyarskoye Vodokhranilishche
resv 55OON
091 OSE
60,RM
Knish,
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Kremenchug
ppl 49 04N
033 25E
32,RM
Kirishi
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Kremenchug
pelt NA
NA
31,66
Kirov
pp1
58 33N
049 42E
55,56,79,RM
Krivoy Rog
ppl 47 55N
033 21F
RM
Kirov
ppl
54 05N
034 20E
RM
Krivoy Rog-2
thep NA
NA
49,67
Kirovabad
ppl
4041N
04622E
RM
Kropotkm
PPI 45 26N
040 34E
RM
Kirovakan
ppl
40 48N
044 30E
RM
Kropotkin
ppl 58 30N
115 17E
57,RM
Kirovo-Chepetsk
ppl
5833N
05001E........
RM
Krymskaya Oblast'
admd 45 OON
034 OOE
79
Krrovograd
ppl
48 30N
032 18E
56,79,RM
Kstovo
ppl S611N
0441IE
RM
Kirovogradskasa Oblast'
admd
48 30N
032 OOE
79
Kuban'
stm 45 20N
037 22E...
21,RM
Kirovsk
PPI
67 37N
033 40E
56,RM
Kubiyazy
oilf 56 19N
056 39E
20
Kirovskaya Oblast'
admd
58 OON
050 OOE
79
Kuchukovka
oilf 56 16N
053 04E
20
Kirpichli
gas(
39 46N
061 14E
21,66
Kudymkar
pp1 59 0I N
054 39K
RM
Kiselevsk
ppl
54 OON
086 39E
RM
KukhluY
Stm.......... 59 24N
143 16F
RM
Kishinev
ppl
47 OON
028 508 .............
79,RM
Kul'sary
ppl 4659N
.....054018.........
56,RM
Kislava, Guba
bay
69 22N
033 04E
63
Kul'saty ---- - - - - - -- -
oilf .............. 46 58N
05405E
21
Kislovodsk
pp1
43 55N
042 438 .............
RM
Kul'tyubmo
oilf 5458N
05701 E
20
Kividli
ppl
59 21N
026 578...........
44,RM
Kuleshovka
oilf. 52491
051 08E
20
Kiya
stm
56 52N
086 39E
60
Kultuk
ppl 5144N
10342E
57,RM
Ktyengop
oilf
57 18N
053 20E
20
Kulunda
ppl 52 35N
078 57E
RM
Kiyevskaya Oblast'
admd
50 15N
030 30E
79
Kulyab
ppl 37 55N
06946E.
56,79,RM
Kizel
ppl....
5903N
057 40E
RM
Kulyabskaya Oblast'
admd 38 OON
069 50L
79
Kizel coal basin
coal
58 30N
05800E
34
Kum-Dag
Dill...... 38 54N
054 37F
2)
Kinel coal deposit
coal
5902N
05749E.
34
Kumertau
pal ...... 5246N
055 47F
RM
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
K Konnnunll
K urirni tau coal 1cl?sn
Kun\a
hun.olur, 0,I" ,
Kungrud
Kungur
Kuo, k,, cu s:mds deI*sn
Kuplno
K up> ansk
h uis
Ku ,u
Ku, akhoeo
Kurnkllavo
K are, ka
K organ
K organ - I i the
Kurgam Isuhm .Anyn Uhfast'
K urganskas.t Oblast'
K un1 Islamis
Kursk
Kursk
Kursk.tsa Obla'Y
1 1,111111,3
K ushkul
K ushlnulu,, an,l delk,sn
husi m u
h usl.,na,+ka,a Ohi-I
K us b, sIicc
h us b,shcs
K u, b, she, sk.,, , OhI,rsi
Ku, hsshcsshrrr' 5', nlokl,r,iiiiI1shch,'
h its d,hlk
K lisnla
Koine irk
K u,ncbk coal I som
K' Alit"
Ksllr, rl'
K,s,1 Stir
, o-
Kinn),
K,unndag
K,un.,ug,.l
K,nl
K>,>I anal dcin sit
Kr n I I Lhar ....omits de,omt
K,,,1 KI,., co., de1*,,,(
Ksnlk urn
K,?Ikun, Ilrscr,
K, n Icd coal drl,,,sn
Knl l /rda
K?1 l )nimsku)., l )hl.,st'
Ir u
co"
me Pl.,, c.w
cn.~ I ungusk. ,nl .uu1 gas rrgnm
rnnr, bed
'non., b.ulsk.,, , I((u rn '
I rnln.l k.n
el,l,lg,nd
, mg,ad
einng,ad oil hal, bold
eiong,.,dsk.l, I I1hl.,sl
cnn,,,g,usk
I cnln?g risk
I e,unsk I,uL Ian0
I cnlnsk humclsk?
I rnursk Kn,ncnkni eo.,l deism
errors Lire
ensk
r, Innnlor
I en nnu oc uranium (ICI-11 processing center
I ess,sibrisk
I eso,.,,odsk
d.,
,a
111reisk
I n`elsAa,a 01, ust'
I neknrsk
hunk
I Is,r h., risk
11st, nk.,
I nl,,,u,kn
nhu., n,.u,
nLu.nu.u, s, 1
I role It \M
obu naco
odesno,e PA,
I ,,,,g,. folly
1 0,0;110 111111 la ur,,nlum. (honors, dc(wsi(
os,u Is
.un.,
,,itch K,,,i,., I ],.it and PoNer
I , , hog? sk
I rig.,
coal
524)N
(155191.
34
L (continued)
I ugovoy
rips
42 S6N
072 451[
K M
stm
5611 N
0301IF
SO,67
Lukoml'
ppl
5442N
029091:
RM
is
44 ION
1461)(11
RM
Lukoml'
thep
NA
NA
48,49,97
ppl
41 O2N
058 491.
21,56,RM
Lun36ovskiy Zaliv
gulf
67 48N
040 271
63
ppl
57 19N
056 491.
RM
Lutsk
ppl
50 4SN
025 201
56.79.8 M
tars
69 30N
121 226
45
Luna
ppl
6039N
047 101:
S6,KM
ppl
54 22N
077 181.
KM
Luna
oilf
65 0ON
055 311
20
lip,
49 42N
037 391
RM
Lyuntor
oilf
61 16N
072 (1111
16
gust
61 46N
057 336
20
It Ill
19 24N
049 19F
21,SOSI,RM
ppl
47 59N
037 161?
RM
then
NA
SA
49,67
Magadan
ppl
59 34N
1 50 48F
57.59,79,8 M
stm
66 30N
087 121.'
KM
Magadanskaya Oblast'
admd
6S OON
160 001'.
79
pp1
55 26N
065 188
56,79,RM
Magnitogorsk
ppl
53 27N
059 046
56,KM
pp1
17 SON
060 471
79,RM
Mago
ppl
53 ISN
140111
KM
admd
17 40N
060 401
79
Makarikha
oilf
66 34N
058 171
20
admd
55 ION
064 0011.
79
Makarov coal region
coal
49 OON
143 0111.
14
Iss
46 ION
(52 001
KM
Makat
ppl
47 39N
053 lot
21,K M
ppl
5! 42N
016 121
56.50,59.79,RM
Makeyevka
ppl
48 0IN
037 518
Rill
nucp
\A
\A
52.67
Makhachkala
ppl
42 SON
047 301'
56.79, R M
adlnd
SI 30N
(116006.
79
Makhachkala
gasf
42 46N
047 31F
21
pp1
IS I6N
(162 208
21,56,RM
Makinsk
ppl
52 37N
(77(1 266.
56,KM
trill
55 28N
056 131
20
Makushino
ppl
55 (3N
(167 131,
56.KM
coal
52 ION
065001-
34
Malgobek
oilf
43 24N
(144 3711
21
ppl
S3 ION
063 3S1
5S,S6.79,RM
Malochernogorsk
oilf
61 ION
077176.
16
admd
S I ()ON
064 0(16
79
Malorechensk
Dill,
6031N
077081
Ifi
ppl
42 I SN
042 406
R10
Maloyamal
gust
68 2ON
071 491'.
16
ppl
SS 27N
078 191.
RM
Mama
ppl
58 ION
1 12 541
57.KM
ppl
5112N
its() (19)
20,27,32,55.56,
Mamakan
ppl
5740N
114011:
57,59,K M
69,79,RM
Mamontovo
ppl
60 46N
072 471
10,17,KM
.,,laid
51 ()ON
115() 001
20.79
Mamontovo
oilf
61) 39N
072371
16, 22.66
rrsv
It 40N
1149001-.
20
Mana
slur
55 57N
1(92 201:
60
gasf
11) 03N
054 421
21
Mancharovo
Dill,
55 24N
054 281
20
odf
56 26N
i(SS 331-.
20
Mangut
ppl
49 42N
1 1 2 4111
KM
oilf
56 03N
OSS 1O1
20
Mangyshlak Peninsula
pen
44 ION
(151 (1111:
21,R M
ppl
5 3 OT N
1(46 11.
KM
Mangyshlakskaya Oblast'
admd
44 OON
054 (101_
79
cots(
54 ION
1107 001-
34,3536,37,38,
Manzurka
ppl
53 30N
106 048
RM
40,41.60
Margilan
Opt
4)127N
071421
KM
SO 20N
11(6 301'
57,8M
Mariyskaya ASSR
ad it
56 30N
048 001'
79
olll
0153N
(154481;
20
Markha
star
63 28N
118 508
KM
ppl
61 S3N
122 468
KM
Markovo
ppl
64 40N
170 251:
KM
(rpl
40 21 N
1)48 111.
56.RM
Martvshi
oilf
4711N
05044E
21
Dill
19 3SN
(49 041
21
Mary
pp1
37 36N
5(111
0 6 1 5 ( 1 1
2 1.32,55 56,79,KM
All
19 27N
(149 161.
'_I
Mary
then
NA
NA
48,49,67
pp]
SI 42N
094271.
57,79,RM
Maryyskaya Oblast'
acrd
37 OON
(162 301'.
79
coal
SI 28N
094441.
34
Matyushkin
off
6(11(8N
0765711
(6
Ns
NA
42,43
Maya
'tan
60 24N
114 301.
KM
coal
4016N
072151_
14
Mayak
If
57 25N
OSS 401
211
gall
1911 N
11S412_1_
21
Muykop
ppl
44 3SN
040 111E
56,KM
d,u
42 OON
064 001
KM
Maykop
oilf
59 OON
O55 5x1,
20
coal
SI ION
1165101.
34
Maykuben coal deposit
coal
SO 45N
07601(1
34
ppl
4448N
1165281-.
56,79,KM
Meyna
ppl
53 OON
091 201
KM
admd
4S OON
065 001.
79
Mayskoye
gasf
37 20N
(162 051'
21
Maicikiai
ppl
56 19N
022 2011
RM
Maicikiai
pctr
NA
NA
11,66
Medvezh'i Ostrova
ills
70 52N
161 261'.
KM
ppl
49 SON
024 001
55,56,79,RM
M edve, h' ye
gasf,
66 08N
074091
15.16.17.18.
pct,
\A
\A
1 1 .66
'_3,32,66
coal
SO IO,N
024 301-
14
Megion
ppl
61 O1N
076061-
I6,17,I9,KM
admd
All ()ON
0224 001.
79
Megion
oilf
60 SON
1176 201'.
16.66
stet
4S 4SN
142 001
KM
Melitopol'
ppl
46 SON
(115 2'_11
KM
ppl
66 39N
066 211
I is.I 7,18,KM
Messoyakha
gitsf
68 SON
082 5811
16.32_,59
lA,
61 0ON
(111 301
RM
Me/en'
ppl
6S SON
044 161
KM
pp1
48 40N
(29 ISI
RM
Mezen'
stm
66 1 I N
041 591'.
20, K M
Ihcp
\A
\A
49,67
Mezenskaya (iuba
bay
66 40N
043 451
61
ppl
41 49N
046 161.
56,K .M
Mezhdurechensk
ppl
51 42N
Oxx 031'.
KM
u 1
NA
42.43
Mezhdurechenskiy
ppl
59 36N
((6S 561:
1(,,0 M
gasf
19 I_N
O52 3(1_
21
Miass
ppl
S4 S9N
060061. _
KM
ppl
6I IIN
07, 171.
16.RM
Michayu
oilf
6411ON
055 478
_'O
76 ooN
126 001.
KM
Michurinsk
ppl
52 S4N
040 31(1'.
S6, R M
ad and
57 (ION
()2S 001.
79
Middle Olenek tar sands deposit
tars
6812N
121 151.
45
gasf
67 44N
(154 511-
20,66
Middle Volga power system
reg
54 OON
048 001.
46,55
ppl
S, I
142 121'.
K M
Mikhaylovka
ppl
SO 114N
((41151
KM
oil(
S9 SIN
(176 S41'.
16
Mikhaylovskiy
ppl
SI 49N
1179456
KM
alt
64 ISN
OSS 221'.
20
Mikun'
ppl
62 21 N
05000
S6, KM
ollf
6057N
1163121-
I6
Min- Kush
Opt
41 41 N
074 28):
KM
sun
25N
126401
KM
Min-Kush uranium deposit/processing center
u/I
NA
NA
42,43
coal
610(IN
12_1006
34,35,411
Mingechaur
ppl
40 45N
047 011'
KM
upld
6(1 45N
125 (1011
KM
Minsk
pp1
51 54N
1127 341'.
53,5 S.5fi,79.K M
erg
18 OON
1(17 (1(11
14,2
Minsk ATETs
nucp
NA
NA
52,117
ppl
40 17N
069 371'-
79,KM
Minskaya Oblast'
admd
54 OON
(120 001'
79
,oil d
40 00N
1169 11)1
79
Minusinsk
ppl
5343N
091 421
KM
ppl
40 40N
041 S01'.
S6RM
Minusinsk coal basin
coal
S3 ION
091 151'
14
ppl
59 55N
010 151
32,55,56,59,79,
Mirbashir
Dill,
40 12N
046 SA:
'_1
RM
Mirnyy
ppl
62 33N
1 1 3 5 1 1
57, 58, 5').K M
Il llcp
\A
\A
52,5 3.67
Mirzaani
Dill
41 19N
046 (15)
'_1
oils
Si) 1 1 1 N
07) 1H :
44
Mishkino
Dill
57 O8N
(1S4 011'.
20
admd
60 (ION
012 001.
79
Mishovdag
oil(
39 48N
049 11 1
21
ppl
54 36N
OS2 101
8'vl
Modar
gas(
39 24N
057 55F
_1
ppl
51122N
081121.
S6.R,M
Mogilev
ppl
53 54N
030 211'.
5fi. 79, KM
ppl
45 40N
061 tor
Sfi.RM
Mogilevskaya Oblast'
admd
S4 (ION
030 451
79
ppl
5418N
086101'.
60,RM
Mogovto
ppl
54 2SN
110 2_11
KM
coal
5445\
1(x6001.
14
Moldavian
then
'A
NA
49,67
ppl
47 5fiN
112181:
57,891
Moldavian SSR
ad it
47 LOIN
1129 (1(11:
79
ppl
60 4IN
114551
57,50,59.R,M
Mollaker
gash
3705N
061 201'.
21
ppl
4406N
042571.
KM
Molodechno
pp1
S4 ION
((26 Sit(
RM
u1
\A
\A
42,41
Monchegorsk
ppl
67 56N
((32 581`
KM
pp1
58 20"
092 201.
57.60,RM
Mondy
ppl
SI 40N
100591.
KM
ppl
45 20N
1 11 271'.
57,RM
Mordovskaya ASSR
adrnd
S4 30N
1144 001.
79
III,]
5153N
0'_5 181
RM
Monrzovsk
ppl
48 22N
041 S1 1 ;
56,K M
ppl
S(, IIN
021 OIL
56,RM
Morshansk
ppl
53 26N
((41 491
KM
ppl
5' 17N
019 151'.
56,79,RM
Mortym'ya-Teterev
off
61133N
064 391
16
ad,mi
52 ION
011) 001.
79
Moscow
ppl
5545N
017351.
32,5 5,56.59,79.
ppl
5' 39N
062 458
56,RM
KM
ppl
48 SSN
010 261
RM
Moscow coal basin
coal
54 30N
036 001.
34.35,36,17,40
petr
NA
\A
31.66
Moskal'vo
ppl
S3 35N
14230F.
I I,KM
Dill,
57 08N
(151 361
20
Moskovskaya Oblast'
admd
SS 45N
037 306.
79
ppl
5( 52N
104511.
KM
Moskva
slur
SS OSN
038 s11`
KM
they
\A
\A
49,67
Moskva (Moscow) Lyuberlsy
pelt
NA
NA
3 1,66
admd
56 (ION
(124 ()OF
79
Moyynty
ppl
4714N
071206
KM
rr
56 ION
124 501.
11
Mozdok
ppl
43 44N
044 4011
S6,KM
gars)
19 41 N
(151 S81''
21
Mozyr'
ppl
521)3N
02916E
KM
oil(
57 45N
056 111
2(1
Mozyr'
peir
NA
NA
11,66
ppl
60 44N
011 131'.
S6.RM
Mubarek
ppl
1916N
065108
21,RM
It
61 1 I N
(175 061'
16
Mubarek
gasf
19 21N
065 288
'_1
oil)
S9 34N
077 ((96
16
Mugun coal deposit
coal
541)ON
100301
34
stet
70 ION
178 0015
RM
Mukachevo
pp(
4827N
022431_
56,64, K M
ppl
68 (1ON
(135 ()OF
RM
Mukhanovo....
Dill,
53 21 N
051 241
20,66
42,43
Multanovo
Dill,
6006\
073146.
Ifi
hvdp
AA
AA
5(1,67
Mulym'ya
Dill
6015N
1164371
16
Ihep
NA
NA
49.67
Mona
stm
67 S2N
123061.
KM
(ml
46 29N
114 1211
S7,RM
Muna tar sands deposit
tars
67 07N
122 271
ppl
SO 44,
029 521:
RM
Munalyk
Dill
46 45N
054 491'.
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
M (continued)
Muradkhanly
oilf
39 46N 047 51 E
21
N (continued)
Novokadeyevka
oilf
54 43N
056 24E.......
20
Murgab
stn
3818N 061 12E
RM
Novokazalinsk
ppl
45 50N
062 IOE
RM
Murmansk
ppl
68 58N 033 05E..
55,56,59,79,R M
Novokiyevskiy Uval
ppl
51 40N
128 57E...
57,RM
Murmanskava Oblast'
admd
68 OON 034 OOE
79
Novokuybyshevsk
ppl
53 07N
049 58E
RM
Murom
ppl
55 34N 04202E...
RM
Novokuybyshevsk Lend Lease 3
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Musina
oilf
53 04N 055 45E
20
Novokuybyshevsk No. 2
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Mutnovskaya Sopka
vole
52 27N 1 5 8 1 I E
64,RM
Novokuznetsk
ppl
5345N
08706E
32,55,S6,RM
Muyunkunt Desert
dst
44 30N 070 DOE
RM
Novomoskovsk
ppl
54 05N
038 13E
RM
Mvs Shmidta
ppl
68 56N 179 27W
RM
Novonikolayevskiy
ppl
50 58N
042 22E
56,RM
M vsovove
ppl
45 27N 035 SOE
62,RM
Novopolotsk
ppl
55 32N
028 39E
RM
Novopolotsk
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Novopskov
ppl
49 33N
03905E
32,RM
Novorossiysk
ppl
44 43N
......03747E
32,56,62,RM
Nadvornava
ppl
48 38N 024 34E....
RM
Novoshakhtinsk
ppl
47 47N
039 56E
RM
Nadvornaya
petr
NA NA
31,66,RM
Novosibirsk
ppl
55 02N
082 55E
18,32,55,56,59,79
Nadvm
ppl
65 32N 072 32E
16,17,19,32,59,
Novosibirskaya Oblast'
admd
55 OON
080 OOE
79
RM
Novotroitsk
ppl
51 12N
058 20E
RM
Nadvm
stm
6612N'..... 07200E
16,19,RM
Novovolynsk coal deposit
coal
5042N
02413E__.....
34
Nadym
gasf
65 36N 07300E
16
Novovoronezhskiy_..
ppl
51 19N
039 13E
RM
Naftalan
oilf
4023N 04638E.
21
Novovoronezhskiy
nucp
NA
NA
52,67
Nagorno-Karabakhskaya AO
admd
4000N 04635E..
79
NovoyeIkhovo
oilf
54 59N
0S2 02E
20,66
Naguman.skoyc
gasf
51 OON 055 02E
20
Novyy Port
ppl
67 40N
072 52E
16,59,RM
Naip
gasf
4042N 061 31E
21,66
Novyy Port
gasf
67 53N
072 211,
16,66
Nakhichevan'
ppl
39 12N ........04524E
56,79,RM
Novyy UrengoY._.._..
ppl
6605N
076421,
16,17,18,19,32
Nakhichevanskaya ASSR
admd
39 15N
045 30E___
79
55,56,59,RM
Nakhodka
ppl
42 48N
132 52E
57,RM
Novyy Uzen'
ppl
43 I8N
05248E...
56,RM
Nakhodka
gasf
68 04N
077 59E
16,66
Noyabr'sk
ppl
6308N
075 22E
16,17
RM
Nal'chik
ppl
43 29N
043 37E
79,RM
Nozhovka
oilf
5709N
054 49E
,
20
Nantangan
ppl
41 OON
071 40E
56,79,RM
Nukus
ppl
42 29N
05938E.
56,79,RM
N;unanganskaya Oblast'
admd
41 OON
071 30E
79
Nurek
ppl
3823N
06921 E
56,RM
Namtsy
ppl
62 43N
1 29 37E
RM
Nurek
hydp
NA
NA
50,51,67
Nar'yan-Mar
ppl
67 39N
053 OOE
20,RM
Nurlat
oilf
5437N
05(154E
20
Narva
ppl
59 23N
028 12E.....
44,RM
Nurmin
gasf
69 02N .
.......071 41 E
16
Naryn
ppl
41 26N
075 58E
56,79,RM
Nyakh
ppl
6209N
065 27E
16,RM
Naryn
ppl
38 17N
068 55E
RM
Nyamed
gasf
63 16N
05415E.
20
Naryn
stn....
41 08N
.......07205E
50,51,67,RM
Nyandoma
ppl
61 40N
04012E.....
RM
Narvnkol
ppl
4243N
080 12E
RM
Nyda...._.
ppl
66 36N
07254E.
16,19,RM
N arvnskava Oblast'
admd
41 30N
075 30E
79
Nyda...__
gasf
6637N
07349E.
16,66
Natanebi tar sands deposit
tars
42 44N
042 39E
45
Nysh
ppl
51 33N
142 46E
RM
Nauganan uranium deposit
u/I
NA
NA
42,43
Nyukzha
stn
56 35N
121 36F
I I
Naushki
ppl
50 22N
106 07E
RM
Nyurba
ppl
63 17N
118 20E
RM
Navoi
ppl
40 09N
065 22E
56,79,RM
Nyuya
stm
60 32N
11614E.
RM
Novas
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Navoiyskaya Oblast'
admd
42 OON
064 30E
79
Nazarovo
ppl
56 01 N
090 26E
57,60,RM
Nazarovo
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Ob'_.......
stn
6645N
06930F
16,19,60,RM
Nazarovo coal deposit
coal
55 SON
090 30E
34
Obninsk
ppl
5505N
036371.
RM
Nebit-Dag
ppl
39 30N
054 22E
32,56,RM
Obninsk _
nucp
NA
NA
67
Nebil-Dag
oilf
39 06N
.05418E
21,66
Obozerskiy
ppl
63 29N
04019E
RM
Nebit-Dag tar sands deposit
tars
40 23N
053 57E
45
Obshchiy Syrt oil shale deposit
oils
SI 40N
055 53E_
44
Neftechala
oilf
3906N
...04909E
21
Obskaya Guba
bay
6900N
07300G.__.
16,RM
N e(tekantsk
ppl
5605N
05416E
RM
Odessa
ppl
4628N
03044E
32
53
56
79
RM
Neftekunisk
oilf...
44 20N
......04437E
21
Odessa..... _
petr
NA
NA
,
,
,
,
31
66
Nefteyugtnsk
ppl
61 05N
07242E
16,17,19,RM
Odessa ATETs
nucp
NA
NA
,
52
67
Ncflezavodsk
pelr
NA
NA
31,66
Odesskaya Oblast'
admd
47 00N
030 OOL
,
79
Neftyanyye Katnni
If
40 06N ......05043E
21,66
Odoptu
oilf
5320N
14349[
II
Nclidovo
ppl
56 13N
.03246E
56,RM
Oka
stm
5642N
...
031 05F
RM
Nelidovo coal basin
coal
56 15N
033 04E
34
Oka-Don Plain
pin
53OON
04030F
RM
Neman
stn
55 18N
........021 23E
50,67
Okarem
oilf
37 53N
053 57E
21
Nenetskiv AOk
admd
67 30N
054 OOE
20,79
Okha
ppl
53 34N
142 S6E
11,32,57,59
RM
Nenoksa
ppl
6438N
03911E
RM
Okhotsk._
PPI .
........5923.9
14318F.
,
RM
Neryungri
ppl
5641 N
124 39E
11,57,59,RM
Okhotsk coal area.....
coal
59 45N
147 00E..
34
Neryungri
thep
NA
NA
11,59
Okhotsk, Sea of
sea
5500N
15000E...
II
RM
Nervungri coal deposit
coal
56 40N
12415E
11,34
Oktyabr'sk
ppl
49 28N
0S7 25E..
,
RM
Never
ppl
53 59N
... 124 10E
11,57,RM
Oktyabr'sk
ppl
53 ION
04842F...
RM
Nevinnontvssk
ppl
4438N
041 57E
RM
Oklyabr'skry
ppl
5240N
15614E.
RM
Nevinnontvssk
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Oktyabr'skiy
PPI
39 06N
06649
RM
New Siberian Islands
isls
75 OON
142 OOE
RM
Oktyabr'skis
ppl
54 28N
053 281....
RM
Ncyto
gasf
70 03N
07008F
16,66
Oktyabr'skiy
ppl
5301N
12837E
57,RM
Ncchin
ppl
5103N
031 53E
56,RM
Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii, Ostrov
isl
79 30N
097 OOE
RM
Nike['
ppl
69 24N
030 12E
56,RM
Oktyabr'skoye
pp1
62 28N
06603 F._
RM
Nikol'skiy
ppl
47 58N
067 33F
RM
OI'doy
stn
53 33N
123 21 E.
I I
Nikol'skoye
oilf...
52 52N
053 OSE
20
Olga
ppl
43 45N
135 181,
S7
RM
Nikolayev
ppl
4658N
032 OOE
5h,79,RM
Ol'khovka
oilf
58 41 N
0S6 41 E
,
20
N ikolayevsk
ppl
5308N
14044E
57,RM
Olekma
stm
6022N
120 42E
II,RM
Nikolayevskaya Oblast'
admd
47 I SN
...... 032 00E
79
Olekminsk
ppl
60 24N
120 24L
RM
Nikolaycvskoye
Dill......
44 56N
041 34E
21
Olen'ye
oilf
59 31 N
07636E
16
N i kopol'
ppl
47 34N
034 24E
RM
Olcnek....
pp1
68 33N
112 18E
RM
Niihneangarsk
ppl
55 47N
109 33E
57,RM
Olenck..__
stn
730ON
11955E
RM
Nizhnekamsk
ppl
55 36N
051 47E
RM
Olenek oil shale deposit
oils
67 30N
119 22E
44
Nizhnekanisk
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Olenck tar sands deposit
tars
71 17N
122 23E
45
Nizhneomra
oilf
62 38N
056 20E
20
Olenekskiy Zaliv__.....
gulf
7320N
121 OOE
RM
Nizhnesortym
oilf
62 39N
......07057E
16
Oleynikov
oilf
45 31N
046 30E
21
Nizhneudinsk
ppl
54 54N
099 03E
57,RM
Olovyannaya
pp1
50 56N
115 35E
RM
Nizhnevartovsk
ppl
6056N
.......07638E
16,17,18,19,31,
Oloy
stm
66 29N
159 29F
RM
32,56,RM
Olyutorskiy Poluostrov
pen
60 15N
170 12F
RM
Nizhnevansk
ppl
71 26N
136 04E
RM
Omolon.
stm
6842N
15836E
RM
Nizhniv Bestvakh
ppl
61 58N
129 56E
RM
Omolon coal area
coal
64 45N
15930E
34
Nizhniv Tagil
pp1
57 55N
059 57E
RM
Omsk.......
ppl
5500N
... 07324E
I8,32,56,79,RM
Nizhnyaya Poyma
ppl
5611N
097 13E
60.RM
Omsk
petr
NA
NA
31
66
Nizhnyaya Tunguska
stn........ 6548N
......08804E
RM
Omskaya Oblast'
admd
5600N
07300E
,
79
Nizhnyaya Tura ----
ppl
5837N
.05949E
32,RM
Omsukchan
ppl
6232N
I5548E.......
57,59,RM
Noginsk
ppl
55 51N .
.......03827E
RM
Omsukchan coal deposit
coal
62 30N
156 15L
34
Noginsk
ppl
64 32N
091 I OE
RM
Onega
ppl
6354N
03808E
RM
Noril'sk
ppl
69 20N .
....... 08806E
16,32,57,58,59,
Onega, Lake
lake
61 30N
035 45F
RM
RM
Orion
stm
51 42N
115 50E
RM
Noril'sk coal deposit
coal
68 45N
087 30E
34
Opukha coal area
coal
62 OON
173 30E
34
Norio
oil(
41 57N
044 45E
21
Or'ya
Dill
56 06N
05444E
20
North (aspian oil and gas region
reg
57 OON
054 OOE
14,21,25,32
Ordzhonikidze
ppl
43 OON
04440E__.
21,56,79,RM
North Caucasus oil and gas region
reg
4500N
04500E
14,15,21,22,25,32
Orel
ppl
5255N
0360SE
56,79,RM
North Caucasus power system
reg
46 OON
043 OOE
46,55
Orenburg..
ppl
5145N
05506E
10,20,32,55,56
North Caucasus Economic Region
reg
45 OON
042 DOE
79
,
79, R M
North Kazakhstan power system
reg
50 OON
073 OOE
46,55
Orenburg
gasf
51 45N
05447E
15,20,23,66
North Siberian Lowland
pin
7200N
10400E
RM
Orenburgskaya Oblast'
admd
52 DON
056 OOE
20,79
Northern Economic Region
reg
64 OON
045 DOE
79
Orlovskaya Oblast'......
admd
5300N
03615E..
79
Northern Hills
hlls..........5930N
049OOE_.......
RM
Orsha___..
ppl
5431N
.
03026E
RM
Northern 1ights pipeline
pipe
57 OON
035 OOE
10,20
Orsk_.
ppl
51 12N
_...
05834E
32,56,RM
Northwest power system
reg
59 OON
031 OOE
46,55
Orsk.........
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Northwest Economic Region
reg
59 00N
031 OOE
79
Orsk 421
petr
NA
NA
31
66
Novaya Sibir', Ostrov
isl
7500N
14900E
RM
Osa
oilf
_ 5714N
OS525E
,
20
Novaya Zemlya
isIs
74 OON
057 OOE
RM
Osh
DPI
4032N
07248E.
56,79,RM
Novgorod
ppl
58 31N
031 17E
56,79,RM
Osh coal deposit
coal
4030N
07300E
34
Novgor tdskaya Oblast'
admd
58 30N
032 30E
79
Oshmarino
ppl
7147N
08250E
RM
Novikovo
ppl
46 22N
143 22E
RM
Oshskaya Oblast'
admd
4000N
073 OOE.
79
Novo-Angren
they
NA
NA
49,67
Osinniki._
ppl
53 37N
087 21E .
RM
Novoagansk
ppl
61 57N
07641E
16,17,RM
Ostrov Bulla
Dill
4004N
049 37E..
21
66
Novoaltaysk
ppl
53 24N
083 55E
RM
Oymyakon.
ppl
63 28N
14249E.
,
RM
Novoasha rovo
oilf
53 27N
053 15E
20
Ozek-Suat
oilf
44 29N
044 47E
21
Novocheboksarsk
ppl
58 08N
047 30E
RM
Ozernyy..._
gasf
7029N
08506E.
16
Novocherkassk
ppl
4725N
04006E
RM
Novocherkassk
Thep
NA
NA
49,67
Novogornyy
ppl
5537N
06047E
RM
Novogornyy uranium deposit
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
I'ak ha, hi
pill
6034N
16903F
RM
R (continued)
Reftinskiy
thep
NA
NA
47,49,67
1'.11\.ux,cn
Dill
61 SON
06641E
16
Revda
pp1
5648N
05957E
RM
I'a larva
ppl
5907N
159500
RM
Riga
ppl
56 57N
0241)61{
32,56,79,RM
Palatka
ppl
6006N
ISO 540
57,RM
Riga, Gulf of
gulf
57 30N
023 3511
RM
Pah.n,lan,
stilt
6K SON
17045E
RM
Rogun
ppl
3847N
069521
RM
is
39 OON
073 OOF
RM
Rogun
hydp
NA
NA
50,51,67
Pail ie( s
pp1
SS 44N
024 21 F
RM
Romanovka
pp1
53 14N
11246E
RM
I'm di l ns
pp1
44 ION
00001E
56,R M
Romashkino
oilf
54 SON
1152 32E
17,20,22,66
P:Ing,x)s
ppl
65 SIN
074 30F
16,17,RM
Romny
pill
50 45N
033 2011
RM
P.1 r,l11111\1111', ( (sII'i,m
is1
50 25N
155 501'
RM
Roslavl'
pp1
53 57N
032 5216
RM
P.it.v unka
ppl
52 S7N
159 14F
57,64.RM
Rossokha tar sands deposit
tars
71 07N
111028
45
PA,nli
pill
50 24N
02432E
56,RM
Rossosh'
pill
50 12N
039 2611
RM
P.I RIII I:1\
ppl
S2 SON
143 02F.
57,RM
Rostov
pp1
57 II N
1)39251
55,56,59,79,RM
I'.uluansk
pill
4107N
13305E
RM
Rostov
nucp
NA
NA
52,67
I'.u ttnulsk ,,.it lusin
eoal
43 ISN
133 OOF
34
Rostovskaya Oblast'
admd
47 OON
042 OOF
79
P:uhnsa
It
63 16N
056 20F
20
Rovenskaya Oblast'
admd
51 OON
026 301
79
I'atara
Dill
41 09N
046 26F
21
Rovno
ppl
5037N
0261511
56,74,RM
1'aunc'lku
pill
51 29N
15648E
57,64,RM
Rovno
nucp
NA
NA
52,6?
1':ni,xhtr
pp1
52 ION
076 571
32,56,59,79,RM
Rtishchevo
pill
52 ISN
04347E
RM
Pashxlar
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Rubtsovsk
ppl
51 30N
091 151.
55 56,RM
f'nchxlarska)a t blast'
admd
52 OON
076 OOF
79
Rudnichnyy
ppl
59 38N
052 26)1
56,RM
Pail Iogtad
ppl
47 (ION
03S 031'.
RM
Rudnyy
ppl
52 S7N
06307E
RM
':uioss kosc
oilf
56 34N
056 061
20
Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
admd
60 OON
100 OOI1
79
Pcchenga
pill
69 33N
031 12F
RM
Russkaya
gasf
66 40N
080 3311
16,66
pill
65 2SN
057 020
20.32,56,59,RM
Russkaya tar sands deposit
tars
6656N
09045E
45
Pechora
still
6013N
0541SE
20,50,51,RM
Russkiy Khutor
oilf
44 15N
0451916
21
'cc hnr,l coal burin
coal
67 OON
062 000
34,35,36,37,39,40
Rustavi
ppl
41 33N
0450311
RM
Pcchnra- Korhsa
gasf
6S 1SN
056 SSE.
20
Ruzayevka
ppl
54 04N
044 56F
56,RM
Pce honkose More
sea
7000N
05400E
RM
Ryazan'
pill
54 38N
039 448
56,65,79,R M
Pt'Ipti', I ake
lake
5045N
02730E
RM
Ryazan'
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Pch,uka
gasf
69 44N
081 5316
16,66
Ryazan'
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Pena
ppl
56 SSN
032 456
RM
Ryazanskaya Oblast'
admd
5415N
0403011
79
Pcva
pill
53 I3N
045 000
56,79,RM
Rybach'ye
ppl
42 26N
076 12F-
56,RM
I'enn?nskasa OtrList
admd
53 (ION
044 30F
79
Rybinskoye Vodokhranilishche
resv
5830N
038251
RM
I'rnzhma
stilt
6228N
165 ISE
RM
Ryrkaypiy
ppl
68 56N
179 26W
59,RM
I'cvhinskaya (. item
ban
61 (ION
162001.
63,RM
Rzhev
ppl
56 15N
034 20F
56,R M
I'rrrgrrhnu)c
pill
62 SON
065 O5F1
RM
I'cnn'
pp1
90 OON
056 1 SF
20,32,56.79,RM
I'cnn'
Thep
NA
NA
49,67
Penn'
pctr
NA
NA
31,66
Saaremaa
is1
S0 25N
022 301
RM
I'ennsk:q:t Ohl:nl'
admd
59 (ON
056 OOF
20,79
Safonovo
ppl
5S 09N
03313E
56,RM
Perms akoe
Dill
61 27N
079 30F
16
Safonovo coal deposit
coal
5s ISN
03309F
34
Pc ,oi lat sk
ppl
4803N
030521'
RM
Sagiz
oilf
47 26N
(15321E
21
cnontns sk
ppl
46 26N
141 57F
RM
Sakar
gasf
38 54N
063 35E
21,66
'enom:ls skate
Dill
59 09N
076 14F
16
Sakhalin
isl
51 OON
14300E
11,RM
I'cnoucll'sk
ppl
S6 54N
059 581
RM
Sakhalin oil and gas region
reg
520ON
143000
11,14,25,32
I'csnucy>
gust
67 02N
075 21 F
16,66
Sakhalin tar sands deposit
tars
53 58N
142 471
45
I'ci n,pac lomsk
ppl
54 52N
06906E
56,79,RM
Sakhalinskaya Oblast'
admd
52 OON
142 3011
79
n,p;niovek-K tmchatskl)
pill
S3 01 N
ISO 391
57,59,79,RM
Sakmara
stm
51 46N
OSS 011!
20
l otrunsk
ppl
52 19N
045 23F
32,RM
Sal'sk
pp1
4629N
041331
Sfi,RM
l'cl rusk- /ab:q lal'sk in
ppl
SI 17N
108 501:
57,RM
Salaush
oilf
5559N
052 S7F
20
1'ctroia nods k
ppl
fi149N
03420E
56,79,RM
Salavat
ppl
53 21N
055 55F
20,R M
l'cmck
pill
69 42N
17017E
57,S9,RM
Salavat
pctr
NA
NA
31,66
1'Ikhtos k.i
pill
56 O(IN
082421
RM
Salekhard
pp1
66 33N
066 400,
16,RM
I'll> uguta
Dill
53 23N
052 1811
20
Salym
oilf
6047N
071 121
16
fine ga
sun
0408N
041 541
RM
Salyukino
oilf
66 52N
050 431
20
Pinsk
pill
5207N
02607E
56,RM
Samantepe
gasf
38 59N
063 531
21.66
1'unn?rs kose iron ore deposit
iron
57 30N
125 051
I I
Samara
still
53 ION
050041.
20
1'Ic?sctsk
ppl
6243N
04017E
RM
Samarkand
ppl
39 40N
066 501
56,79,RM
1'obcdino
pill
49 S I N
142 49F
RM
Samarkandskaya Oblast'
admd
40 OON
067 OOF
79
P,xtkantcnnaca l,nguska
pill
61 16N
09009 F-
RM
Samgori
oilf
41 34N
045091'
21,66
P,xA:uncnnaya lmguska
,in,
61 36N
090 19F
RM
Samotlor
oilf
61 14N
07639E
16,1
I'ogr.uuc lint
ppl
44 25N
131 241
RM
Sangar coal deposit
coal
64 30N
1 28 001.
34
I'okaclu
Dill
61 42N
074 591
16,66
Sannikova, Proliv
strt
7430N
140001-
RM
Polk uses)
pill
55 31 N
101 041.
57,RM
Saran'
ppl
49 46N
(172521
RM
1'okros ka
oilf
52 49N
049 39F
20
Saransk
ppl
5411 N
04511E
79,RM
Pokreska
oilf
53 01 N
052 47F
20
Sarapul
pp1
56 28N
1153 48F
R M
Pokromsk
pill
61 29N
12906E
57,RM
Saratov
ppl
51 34N
046021--,
32,56,79,R M
Dill
50 ISN
056 251
20
Saratov
hydp
NA
NA
50,67
Poles),
reg
52 (ION
027 OOF
RM
Saratov
petr
NA
NA
31,66
I'nlcs sko,
pill
S6 26N
060 [ I F
R M
Saratovskaya Oblast'
admd
S 130N
1147 000
20,79
I'olobk
pill
s5 29N
028 471
32,56,RM
Sarny
pill
51 20N
026 361
56,R M
pill
4935N
03434F
79,RM
Sartang
stm
67 44N
133 1211
RM
Poll,, skin a ON ill'
udmd
49 30N
034(00
79
Sary-Ozek
ppl
44 22N
077 591
56,RM
1'oludcn nos
Dill
60 07N
078 091
16
Saryshagan
ppl
46 06N
073 361
56,RM
Puhaross
ppl
6938N
17944E
59,RM
Sasovo
pill
54 20N
041 551.
56,R M
four.. .
pill
SS SON
049 21 F
10,20,RM
Savoy
Dill
61 54N
1)73 4217
16
Panama rem ka
It
5318N
054114E
20
Sayak
ppl
47 OON
077 2411
56,RM
Patios
sint
66 S9N
041 171.
RM
Sayan Mountains
mts
5245N
096001.
RM
Pupil g.n
stilt
72 54N
106 361
RM
Sayan-Shushenskoye
hydp
NA
NA
46,4',50,5 1,67
l'onn .issk
ppl
49 13N
14307E
57,RM
Sayanogorsk
pill
53 05N
091 251
55,57,RM
I'os'> rt
pill
42 39N
130400
RM
Savgat
oilf
61 22N
072 09F
16
Potnnas
calf
61 ISN
065 5616
16
Segezha
ppl
63 44N
03419E
56,RM
Poll
ppl
4209N
04140E
RM
Selcmdzha
situ
51 42N
128 5311
RM
Pour k II
Dill
62 28N
075 511
16
Semakov
gasf
69 I I N
076 021.
16,66
ppl
4936N
129411;
RM
Semenovka
oilf
53 41 N
050 341'.
20
IS amdmsk
Gill
60 SIN
071 471
16,29,66
Semipalatinsk
pp1
50 28N
080 1311
56,79,RM
Prasobercg
g isl
62 13N
056 391
20
Semipalatinskaya Oblast'
admd
49 OON
(180001
79
I'nargunsk
ppl
5024N
119068
57,RM
Serafimovskiy
trill
54 33N
053 351'.
20
I'ndneirtovsk
pp1
48 24N
035 07F
RM
Serdobsk
ppl
52 28N
(144 131.
RM
I'ri4 ncprom sk
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Sergeyevka
ppl
S3 51 N
067 251'.
56,RM
I'rdukl
ppl
SO 16N
1)32 241
R M
Sergeyevka
oilf
54 SON
OSS 41 Er
20
1'r mtonkn Is ras
udmd
45 OON
139 OOF
79
Sergino
pp1
62 30N
065 30E
16.1', 19,R M
I'rmwrsko-:\khl,i rsk
pill
4603N
03810E
RM
Serov
ppl
5936N
06035E
S6,RM
I'rip> .u'
sins
51 ION
03030E
RM
Serpukhov
ppl
54 55N
037 250
RM
1'rokop )cesk
pill
S3 53N
096 451
R M
Sevan, Ozero
lake
40 20N
045 20F
RM
I'rokop>cvsk co I dclxnit
coal
54 ISN
08645F
34
Sevastopol'
ppl
44 36N
033 3211
56,R M
1'ronn s11 lcn))
ppl
67 35N
063 55F
RM
Severnaya Dvina
slut
6432N
04030F
RM
Pn n'knts
Dill
52 47N
052 34F
20
Severnaya Sos'va
still
6411N
06527E
16,RM
It
45 SIN
053 20F.
21
Severnaya Zemlya
isIs
7930N
099000
RM
Pro % dcnn a
pp1
64 23N
173 18W
RM
Severnyy Pokur
oilf
60 48N
079 2717
16,66
Prz liana I'sk
ppl
42 29N
079 24F
56,79,RM
Severo-Achak
gasf
4106N
061 381
21
'skos
pill
S7 SON
029 201
56,79,RM
Severn-Balkui
gasf
39 SSN
061 3611
21
'skovsk.n, Obl; st
adlnd
57 SON
02900E
79
Severo-Buzachi
Dill
4S 09N
OSI 50F
21
Pogue I,&
pill
52 02N
048 498
RM
Severo-Gugurtli
gasf
40 25N
062 01 F
21
Ihetga
gasf
62 40N
064 1 I F
16
Severo-Kamsk
oilf
58 07N
056 08F
20
I'll
still
67 31N
077 551-
16,19,RM
Severo-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast'
admd
54 30N
069 OOF
79
I'ushk inn
pill
SI 14N
046 591-
RM
Severo-Komsomol
gasf
64 46N
076 091
16,66
I's asma
stilt
73 SON
087 IOF
16,RM
Severo-Mylva
oilf
62 17N
(155 S91
20
1')atlgursk
pp1
44 01 N
043 05F
56,RM
Severo-Naip
gasf
4042N
061 491{
21
1's l'- \'ukh
pill
6045N
072 501
16,17,RM
Severo-Osetinskaya ASSR
admd
43 OON
044 OOI!
79
Severn-Pokur
oilf
61 12N
07S 48F
16
Severo-Urengoy
gasf
67 34N
076 321
16,66
Scvcro-Var'yegan
oilf
62 26N
077 251
16,66
Radas r,ka
Dill
53 SIN
OSO 571-
20
Severobaykal'sk
ppl
5S 38N
109 19F
RM
Radu, Im,
pp1
61 06N
077 3I IF
16,17,RM
Severodvinsk
ppl
64 34N
039 501
56,RM
Rassok ha
gasf
61 SIN
057 19F
20
Severomorsk
pill
69 OSN
033 270
RM
R:nchlkhnnsk coil hash
coal
SI SON
12900E
34,40
Severoural'sk..
pill
6009N
05957E
RM
Ra Mail
pill
40 29N
044 46E
RM
Seymchan
pp1
62 53N
152 2611
RM
R,, Man
Ihep
NA
NA
49,67
Seyrab
gasf
38 40N
062 40F
21
R., a tort
ppl
63 29N
048 42F
56,RM
Shadrinsk
ppl
5605N
06338F
RM
Rcchilsa
pill
52 22N
030 231
RM
Shaim
ppl
60 21 N
064 101.
16,RM
Rellulsk,,
ppl
570ON
0613011
R M
Shakhpakhty....
gas(
42 49N
(157 221'
21
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
Shakht lnsk
ppl
49 41 N
072 36F
RM
S (continued)
Sutormin
oilf
6401N
07458E
16
Sha khly
ppl
47421,
04013E.
RM
Suzun
ppl
53471,
08219E
56,RM
Shakhtp coal deposit
coal
47 37N
040 22F
34
Suzun
gasf
68 ION
083 526
16
Shunta rskive Ost rova
isls
55 OON
137 36E
RM
Sverdlovsk
ppl
5651N
06036E
26,55,56,79,RM
Shapkina
oilf
67 18N
054 17E
20
Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
admd
58 OON
062 OOE
79
Shars pour
ppl
55 33N
089 12E
55,56.60,RM
Svetlogorsk
ppl
52 38N
029 46E
RM
Shashkin
off
55 OIN .
05607E
20
Svetlogorsk
ppl
66 55N
08823E
57,R 'A
Shatlyk
gasf
37 20N
061 276
21,66
Svetlyy
ppl
6243N
06417E
16,RM
Shatura
rip,
55 34N
039 32E
RM
Svetlyy
ppl
63 I5N
113 45L
57,RM
Shatura
thep
NA
NA
49,67
SvobodnyY
ppl
51 24N
12808E
55,57,RM
Shchuchinsk
ppl
5256N
07012E
RM
Svobodnyy coal deposit
coal
51 30N
127 45E
34
Shelikhova, Zaliv
gulf
59 45N
158 OOE
RM
Syktyvkar
ppl
61 40N
050486.
56,59,79,RM
Shevchcnko
ppl
43 39N
051 12F
21,32,52,53.
Sylva
Sim
57 39N
056 54E
20
56.59,79,RM
Sy nya
ppl
65 22N
058 02E
RM
Shevchenko AES
nucp
NA
NA
67
Sy'nya
gasf
65 25N
058 14E
20
Shiikh-Darvaza
gasf
4009N
058216.
21
Syrdar'inskaya Oblast'
admd
41 OON
067 15E
79
Shikotan- EO
isl
43471,
14645E
RM
Syrdar'ya
elm
4603N
0610OF
RM
Shilka
.stn
53 20N
121 26E
RM
Syrdar'ya
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Shingino
If
58 31N
078 23E
16
Syzran'
ppl
53 11 N
048 276
20,44,56,RM
Shkapovo
oilf
53581,
05402F
20,66
Syzran'
oil)
53 12N
048 20E
20
Shmidta, Ost roe
sl
81081,
09048E
RM
Syzran'
petr
NA
NA
31,66
Shorkel'
gasf
37031,
06140E
21
Shostka
ppl
Si 521,
033 29F
RM
Shugurovu
Dill,
54 28N
052 O5E
20
Shu ['bit
hvdp
NA
NA
50,67
Taboshar uranium deposit /processing center
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
Shurab cord deposit
coal
40081,
07027E
34
Taganrog
pill
47 12N
038 S6F
RM
Sh irt:m
gasf
38 30N
066 02E
21
Tagrinskoye
oilf
62 23N
078 156
16
Siaulial
ppl
55 561,
023 196
RM
Talik SSR
admd
39 OON
071 001
79
Swan
oil!
41 OON
048 54E
21
Takhta-Bazar
ppl
3S 57N
062 501
56KM
Siberia power system
reg
55 OON
097 OOE
46,55
Talakan
ppl
5019N
13022E
57,RM
Siberian AIIS
nucp
NA
NA
67
Talcs
ppl
42 32N
072 14F.
56,79.RM
Sihi ryakos a, Ostroe
sl
72 SON
079001.
KM
Talasskaya Oblast'
admd
42 20N
072 101
79
Si k hole-Alin' Range
.is
48001,
13800E.
RM
Taldy-Kurgan
ppl
45 OON
078 241
56,79,RM
Sillantac
ppl
59 24N
027 45F
RM
Taldy-Kurganskaya Oblast'
admd
45 OON
079 OOF:
79
Silluniae uranium deposit processing center
u/t
'A
NA
42,43
Talimardzhan
ppl
38 23N
065 371,
62,RM
Simferopol'
pp1
44 SIN
034 06E
56,79,RM
Talimardzhan
Thep
NA
NA
49,67
Simus hir, Oslrov
sl
46581,
15202E
RM
Talinskoye
oilf
62 051,
065 5SE.
16
Sinegor'ye
ppl
62 04N
150 286
57,59,RM
Tallinn
ppl
59 251,
024 4s[
32,44,55,56 79,
Siren'kino
If
54 53N
056 I5E
20
KM
Skovorodi no
ppl
53 59N
123 551/
11,57,RM
Talnakh
ppl
69 30N
088 1 I E
R M
Slants)
ppl
59 06N
028 04F
44,56,RM
Talon
ppl
5948N
14838E
KM
S la,gunnl
ppl
53 OON
07840E
RM
Tambov
ppl
52 431,
041 271,
S5,56,79,RM
Sl.nsansk
ppl
48 525
037 37F
RM
Tambovskaya Oblast'
admd
S2 451,
041 306.
79
Slav)ansk
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Tanvp
oilf
56 435
056 071.
20
Shrvs;usk-na Kuban,
ppl
4S ISN
03808E
RM
Tara
ppl
56 541,
074 226
56,KM
Slobodskot
ppl
S8 42N
050 126
RM
Taribani
off
41 "NN
04S 54F
21
Sit uds anka
ppl
S138N
10342E
KM
Tarkhan
oilf
53 321,
053 076
20
Sit rids ankn uranium deposit
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
Iarko-Sale
ppl
6455N
117749E
RM
Sniela
ppl
4914')
031 536
RM
Tartu
pp,
5823N
02643E
KM
Smolensk
ppl
54471,
03203E
56,79.RM
Tas-Tumus
ppl
64121,
126371:
KM
Smolensk
nucp
NA
NA
52,67
I as-Yuryakh
ppl
61 471,
1 13 01 6.
R M
Sntoleusk.iya Oblast'
admd
SS OON
033 OOE
79
Tcisbulat
gasf
43 OSN
052 20F
21
Snezhnogorsk
ppl
68 ION
087 30F...
57,58,59,RM
Ta.scveva
elm
58 061,
094 Oil:
60
Sochi
ppl
43351,
03945E
56,RM
Tash-Kumyr coal deposit
coal
41 161,
072 056
34
Sotiysk
ON
Si 33N
139 541.....
1 I,RM
Ta sha0to
ppl
49 43N
089 III,
KM
Sogo cord deposit
coal
71 ISN
128 ISE
34
Tashauz
ppl
41 SON
059 586
21,56,79,RM
Sol' Ilctsk
ppl
51 ION
054 59E
RM
Tasha uzskaya Oblast'
admd
41 ION
058 SOF
79
Solena)a
gasf
69 08N
081 56E_..
16,66
Tashkent
ppl
41 20N
1)69 151-
55.56.59.79,RM
Sol igorsk
ppl
S2 49N
02732F
RM
Tashkent
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Solikansk
ppl
59 39N
056 47E
RM
Tashkentskaya Oblast'
admd
41 OON
069 30E-
79
Solnechnyc
ppl
60 19N
137 35E
RM
Tashkuduk
gasf
39 54N
063 271
21
Solnecknyy
rip,
SO 35N
13702E
RM
Tashtagol
ppl
5247N
087531:
RM
Solidi Tar sands delxi.cil
tars
70 36N
125 23F
45
Lear
nucp
NA
NA
52,67
Solo,', evsk
ppl
49SSN
11542E
RM
Tatar Strait .................
sort
500(11,
141 OOF
KM
Sosoogornk
ppl
6337N
05351E
RM
Tatarian tar sands deposit
tars
5618N
055481/
45
Sosnovo-( )zcrskoyc
pp1
52 31 N
I I I 34E
57,RM
atarka
pp1
53 58N
07S 031:.
56,KM
South power system
reg
49 00N
(1321106
46,55
Talcrsk
pp1
55 13N
07S 586
56,KM
South K:vakhstun it hig;otak)
thep
NA
NA
4 9,67
Tatarskaya ASSR
admd
SS OON
O5I 001'
20,79
South kkraine
nucp
NA
NA
50,52.53,67
Tavda
ppl
58 1)3 N
065 151;
56, R M
South S akutia coal basin
coal
56 30N
126001
11,34,3 5,36,38,40
Tavtimanovo
,)ill'
54 495
056 458.
20
Sovetabud
gasf
36 41 N
061 23F
21,66
Tasczhnoye iron ore deposit
iron
57 41 N
12S 238
I I
Sot etsk
ppl
55 OSN
021 S3E
RM
Tavmurzino
oilf
55 29N
054531-'.
20
Sot eisk:p.t (;;,an'
ppl
48 581,
140 18E
11,59.RM
Taymylvr coal deposit
coal
72 30N
122 006/
34
SoveIsK iy
rip,
61 24N
063 316
16,RM
Taymyr coal basin
coal
74 30N
097 008
34,40
Soeelskose
Dill,
6048N
07705E
16,66
Taymvr Peninsula
pen
76001,
104001'
RM
Soyuz (Orenhurg) pipeline
pipe
49 46N
043 40E..........
10,20
Taymyr, Otero
lake
7430N
10230E
KM
Spassk-Dul'ni)
ppl
4437N
13248F......
57,RM
Tavmvrskiv AOk
admd
72 001,
095 008
79
S red nec he .... gorsk
oilf
61 15N
077 06E
16
Ti-het
ppl
55 57N
098 001/
57,59,60,KM
Srcdnek(,)n msk
ppl
6727N
15341E
RM
Taz
slm
67 32N
078 401
16,KM
Sredneuru l'sk
pp)
S6 591,
060 286.
RM
I a,
gasf
67 23N
079 131/
16
Sredneural'sk
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Taz Peninsula
pen
6835N
076006
16,17,RM
Srcdncvasyvgan
,)Of
S9 251,
078 24E
16
Tazhigali
oilf
4617N
053 151.
21
Sredney"ntal
gasf
69 21 N
071 056.
16,66
Tazovskiv
ppl
67 28N
078 421-,
RM
Sredni) I rgal coal deposit
coal
SI 13N
13259E
34
Tbilisi
ppl
41 42N
04445E
21,32,55,56,79.
Sretensk
ppl
52 151,
11743E
RM
KM
Stakhanoco
oilf
54 24N
053 43E
20
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Stanocos Range
nits
5620N
12600E
II,RM
ppl
37 23N
060 318
56,RM
Slanacoy ( pland
tilts
53 30N
115 OOE
RM
gasf
37 09N
060 461/
21
Stnraca Rus.sa
ppl
S8 OON
031 231........
RM
ppl
4448N
078 571/
KM
Starobcshcvo
ppl
47 44N
038 036...........
RM
Feudriau
ppl
5005N
072 568
KM
Starobcshcvo
thep
NA
NA
49,67
lengc
pp1
43 1 SN
052 488
21,R.M
Stars) Nedpnt
ppl
65 351,
072421.
16,17,18,RM
Tenge
gasf
43 04N
052 411
21
Slaryy Oskol
ppl
Si 171,
03751E
KM
Tengiz
oilf
46 01N
053278
21
Stanope)'
ppl
46 371,
042 15F
21,55,56,79,R M
oilf
45 335
046 0111
21
Stay ropol
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Teplov
Dill,
60411,
117212E
16
Stavropol kit Kray
admd
4S OON
044 OOE
21,79
Terekla
oilf
53 091,
055 55E
20
Stepanakert
ppl
39 SON
04646E.....
RM
Teren'uzyuk
calf
4625N
053431/
21
Stepanovo
oilf
53 40N
052 I SE
20
Terme,
ppl
3714N
.067161.
79,KM
Slcpnogorsk uranium deposit
u/t
NA
NA
42.43
tars
37 56N
066 346
45
Sterlitamak
ppl
S3 37N
05558E
56,RM
ppl
4933N
025351/
79,KM
Stolbonoy. Ostrov
is]
74 051,
136 OOE
R M
admd
49 30N
02S 301'.
79
Strelka
ppl
SO (151,
093 01 E
RM
oilf
62 33N
073 261/
16
S(r8ea
.soon
54 48N
024 15E
50,67
mts
42001,
08000[
RM
Strczhcvov
pp1
6042N
077 34E
16,17,19,RM
ppl
45 SIN
04(1071
21,32,56,RM
Sukhona
stm
6046N
04624F.
RM
Tikhvin
ppl
59 39N
033 311:
56,RM
Sukhumi
ppl
4300N
041 02E
56,79,RM
Tiksi
ppl
71 36N
128 481/
57.59,RM
Suiak
still
43 20N
047 34E
50,67
rdge
65 OON
051001/
KM
Sulwngulovo
off
53 33N
052 47E
20
reg
65 OON
0S6 001/
14.20,25,32
Suitukta coal deposit
coal
39 SIN
069 35E
34
ppl
45 37N
038 571
RM
Sumgait
ppl
40 36N
049 38E
RM
Timpton
still
58 43N
127 126
I 1
Sunsar
rip,
41 18N
071 191
RM
Tiraspol'
ppl
46 SON
029 376'.
RM
Sunsar uraniun) deposit
u/t
NA
NA
42,43
ppl
55 451,
088 191
60,RM
Sunislkay,, Oblast'
admd
S I OON
034 006.........
79
Tkibuli coal deposit
coal
42 21 N
042 596
34
Sunty
ppl
50 54N
034 48E
56,79,RM
Tkvarcheli coal deposit.....
coal
42 SIN
041 411
34
Samar
ppl
62 ION
117 40E
57,59,RM
still
58 ION
068121
RM
Sups"
Dill,
41 SIN
04200E
21
ppl
58 12N
068 161
18,32,56,K M
Sara
stilt
S6 06N
04600E
RM
ppl
42 52N
07S ISE
KM
Surgut
61 14N
07032F.
16,17,18,19,31,
Toktogul'__.
hydp
NA
NA
SO,SI,67
32,33,55,56,RM
Tol'yatti
ppl
53 31 N
049 266.
K M
Surgut-I
thep
tiA
NA
49,67
Tolum
oilf
.60411,
065101/
16
Surgut-_2
thep
NA
NA
49,67
Torn'
still
56 SON
084 271/.
60
Surk hundar'in.ska sa Oblast'
admd
38 001,
067 30E
79
Thep
NA
NA
49,67
Susuman
rip,
6247N
14810E
57,RM
ppl
58 581,
126 191/
57,RM
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 I.c vk
I snit k.lt,1 I(hi,,
dihul ba
Irnl.lt
Ilnzbuk
I1.nn S1bc11an It.ulro,ld
11,n,s..l u, ,uus , d and ga. rcg,on
11.1 list meatus I otter stelim
11.unt.nlcnu, I i,m,nnlc Kcglnn
I1ekh,vculolc
I nikJ\
nik,lA
I 'smsk
I nnlsk
I iou'Lo I'i' h?r.k
Iwn14u IN h?r,k
Tomsk osc
sclumgl ,ul
I,dun,gr.ul,kat 1 I(List
IS hlnclh
uap..
u.l pst
I ugursklt /,1hr
I sk.ll
I ulAk.n .1 I lbl.nt
ula
1111.1 :,111 dcpusil
ulun
Viii roll do In?n
I unglnk.l coal 1 ism
I u siukll
1111.1
Iu1.1
11n.1n
1111 1t, I I?I.I lid
1111g.1t
1111 gat i,,.ll I,a,~n
I m g.n I'Lllc,nl
1 111 g,lt ,k,n,1 ObL1>I-
11111 ilk
u1n Rig
I In k.l
I ulkcs I,I II
I nik nlca SS1
IT sr II a do
I inikh,nrsk
15 5 Is lk Ln ,,Ind. dclxsll
I utillsk.n.1 St
1t, ills( n
Itb\u
tgd.l
It ,tskml
Itndl
Ii ui' shlk
t uk.lllnsk
s ulncd
s11nu
I t Inncn, k.n.l I'bLuf
It ln,l \11nun I1.In n do 1"1111
I I Is 'I \I oscncrgu
e Veal and Potter
I Is '.` NI iscnrg? Ilcal ,Ind Ibttcr
I t s' 1 \Io c nergl, I(cal ,Ilid Ibwcr
I bczhcnskose
h1n
had,h,
l,ku Juk
1 c hkuduk ur,lmum delssu
hktl
char
dl
Jechmt
1 dnuuhka>,1 \sNK
I doh 1 1.11 s.lnds di1>,n0
clcn
1 I;1
1 Yu N u. I-hen lkuvsk
I,1 N,mu t lunskn
I.1 \1:1 rt? 11111 skit
l glcgursk
I glegorsk
I gl cgcrsk
l gligonk coal i :glen
I khl.1
I kh1.,
I kr,1111c I,II ,1114 ;.IS 1cglun
I kl.unc I cont... 1c Region
l Li.uu.ln SSK
t I\.Inutsk
t tanutskat.l Ib1as1'
an 1 ''
lugkhem coal basin
I ngiut
I pl>c'r 6,1111,1 I I land
a
I?,11 \lnunlams
lal'sk
I lal'sketa Oblast'
lilt Ir, scr st slcm
lilt I'.,,nnnuc Kcglnn
t 1.11
(leng?)
I ring?t
1l'n gilt
I Tgal
1 Tgcm 1,
1 T I., hul,lk
x111,. u,lrot
n sPmsk
s.l
I sh,lkotd, ((viii t
I smsk
I smsk
Aol tc S1blrskutc
svnl
1 still t sk
I AI K.uncnogo,- k
A1' &Ilsk
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
ppl
56 101
084 5X1!
16,60.79,R N1
U (continued)
L.cl'-Barguzin
ppI
51 27N
IOx Sol
KM
admd
511 (1(1N
081 001
16,24,79
list'-Ilimsk
pp1
59 03N
102191:
SS,S 1.KM
gulf
40 JOIN
1159 271
21
Ust'-Ilimsk
hsdp
yq
NA
50,117
oilf
45 SON
1151 13x:
2_1
Ust'-Kamchatsk
ppI
56 ISN
1621(11'
KM
ppI
57 OSN
1114 501'
12,RM
(Jst'-Kureyka
ppl
66 ION
1187 151'.
KM
rr
57 SON
I I I IOI
I I,KM
Ust'-Kut
pp1
S6 46N
105 401,
57,K\1
reg
411 (1(1N
(1411001'
14._1,25,(2
Ust'-Maya
ppI
60 25N
134 121
K M
reg
41 (((IN
046001
46.55
Ust'-Hera
pp1
6414N
141 12F
57,50,19 M
reg
41 00N
046001 1
79
Ust'-Olenck
ppl
71 0ON
1 19 4811
K M
odd
hll ?ON
1)114 571
16
Ilst'-Omchug
ppl
61 (19N
149181'-
57,KM
ppI
SOWN
010 41111
0\1
list'-Ordynskiy
ppI
5249N
104451'
KM
Ihep
N>
NA
49.67
Ust'-Ordynskiy Buryatskiy AOk
admd
51 30N
104001 (
79
ppl
14116N
Ohl 151
SS-S6,R\1
Ust'-Port
pp1
6940N
11X4261.
KM
Ihep
N5
NA
49.17
I Ist'-Taskan
pill
62 40N
150 5211
57,0\1
ppl
h'_ 42N
(151111(
KM
1st'-Uda
ppI
54 24N
1111 171
S7, R M
g.lsf
hl ()ON
016011 :
21)
I stinov
ppI
S6 SIN
1151 141
20,711.0 M
ppl
52 SON
0X441(1
KM
[sty urt Plateau
upld
41 11ON
I(S6 001:
0 M
ppI
51 l1N
1)71 1110
55,56.79,0 M
Lzbek SSR
admit
41 OON
064001
21,79
adnxi
SI ((ON
107011(11
79
L zen'
pp1
43 27N
051 101
21.56,KM
ppI
4714N
1(41 S70
KM
1,zen'
Dill
41 20N
1152 S91:
21,29.66
ppI
440SN
019(161
S6.KM
I'zhgorod
ppI
4817N
1 1 2 2 1 X 1
111, 11, 11,79,0 M
pclr
NA
NA
11,66
Uzhur
pp1
55 ION
1189 501.
K M
its
5400N
117 OOt'
61
Dill
54 SIN
1177 2St:
16
adlnd
S4 ION
(117 111x.
79
ppI
541_N
017171
79,KM
Vakh
slit,
60451
1176451.
16,19.0\1
curd
51 S1N
017 411
14
Vakh
colt
60 52,
117X 16[
16
ppl
54 1SN
100111:
57,60,RM
Vakhrus6cv
pp1
48 SON
142 S81
57.5`1.12 \1
coal
54 ION
100411
(4
Vakhrushev coal deposit
,:d
4901N
1424X1
14
co:ll
64 ((ON
1(1(1 0111
14,15,40
Vakhsh
,fill
17 06N
1(60 101.
50,51..67
stilt
67 ION
115 _'41'
KM
Valdal Hills
hlls
S7 O(1N
031101
KM
ppI
6417N
1)10151.
KM
Vallniera
pp1
S7 11N
o 2s 241
SO,KM
sun
57 I_'N
066S61.
RM
Valuyki
ppI
50 14N
I30 081'.
0M
ppI
_'_ (ION
1191551
KM
Van"5 egan
oilf
61 SIN
077 III'
16
pin
42 ION
1161 001:
K\1
N' a new is
grit
67 41N
OS4 021'
rPl
a91XN
On11Ill
56.RM
Vanino
pp1
49 ISN
140 151.
RM
,,,11
5 1 1101
1165 0111.
14,15.40
N' an La re iii
ppl
67 SIN
17S SOW
KM
plat
10 ION
001 101.
KM
Var'ycgan
("It
62 ohN
07714x.
16,66
adni'l
50 '_1)N
066 001
79
N'artino
pp1
hO 21N
01X211
S6,KM
ppI
511 01N
O(,1421'.
KM
Vashka
Still
114 SSN
(145471'.
20.0\1
ppI
45141
111 5X1
KM
Vasil'kov
gall
110 lOIN
Os l 461'.
ppI
S' SIN
11)0 111.
KM
Vasil'sevskoye
oil l
SS 211
1155 561'.
20
ppI
412(11
068 1S1':
56.RM
Vasyugan
stm
S9 07N
0811401.
16. KM
admd
40 0111
060001 .
21.71)
Vat'oegan
oilf
62 19,N
074 SSI'-
16,66
ppI
1s ION
0110 141.
So,RNI
Vata
oilf
61 I2N
07110511
16,66
ppI
115 491
087 Sox
RM
Vaygach, Ostruv
is]
71) OON
0S91(11.
KM
Luis
66 I I N
1189 '_91
45
Vel'.sk
PH
61 l1SN
04'_ 081
KM
Adn,d
S 11111
1195 11111.
79
Vel'yu
,,Of
6117N
056161'.
20
Dill
54 42N
(151 221
20,66
Velikiy Ustyug
ppI
60 48N
046101.
S6,( M
gas(
62 01%
0561611'
20
Velikiye I-uki
pp1
56 20N
010 121.
KM
ppI
51 O7 N
1 26 1101.
57, 0'11
Ventspils
p51
57 34N
021 11 E
12S6.RM
ppI
SO SIN
142_191:
KM
Vcrkhne
Dill
63 37N
1151 061
20
ppI
5S 101
1'_4411`
I I,S7,K11
Vcrkhne-Anabar tar sands deposit
tars
(9 SIN
112 221.
45
udf
4411N
OSO 59x
21
Verkhnegrubeshor
Dill
66 SIN
1154 450.
2(I
ppI
SS S2N
1172 121
RM
Verkhncly amen
of if
62 14N
(170 271.
Ih
ppI
57 01) N
1165 261
I X,565 8.59,79.
Verkhnesuly in
oilf
6001 N
071 1111.
1
KM
Verkhneshasha
Dill
110 SIN
07(1_(11
16
coif
hl )6N
078 0X11
16
Vcrkhniy Tagil
pp1
57 22N
019 S61
KM
admd
610((N
072(1(16:
15,16,17,'_4,79
Vcrkhniy Tagil
thep
St,
sA
49,67
all
42.43
Verkhnyaya Saida
pp1
SX (12N
116011x.
KM
Ihep
~~
Nn
49,67
Verkhnyaya T ay'my ra
,in,
74 ISN
099481'.
KM
Ihep
N4
N5
49,67
V er khoya nsk
PH
671SN'
131271'-
57,19M
diet,
NA
NA
49
67
Verkhoyansk Range
nits
67 00N
129 0111
KM
,
Vesenneye
Veslyanka
Dill
of lf
S9 22N
57 12N
1176 241:
056 411
16
20
Vidim
pp1
S6 2SN
103 121'.
RM
,)Ill
45111 N
((41 2111.
Vikhorcvka
ppI
56 (ISN
101 151'
KM
Dill
611 5611
064 481'-
I6
Vikhorcvka uranium/thorium deposit
u/I
Nn
NA
4_'.41
gasf
111 111N
1162 501.
21
Vlktorlya, Ostrov
i,l
0O I ON
036451
KM
ppI
42 I ((N
Ohl (I I.
RM
Vikuluvo
ppI
S6 49N
(17(1371'.
S6.KM
11
NA
NA
42.43
Vil'kitskogo. Proliv
ctrl
77 SSN
1(1300x.
KM
g:Isl
40 OIN
Ohl OOP
21
Vilnius
ppl
5441 N
02519x.
5h,79,RM
stn,
SS 48N
1 10151
11,0 M
Vils uy
,in,
64 24N
1211 261.
SO,11, KM
sun
5442N
115141
R \1
Vilyuv
hydp
NA
NA
SO
ppI
112 31N
I I I Six:
S7, S9, KM
Vilyuvsk
ppI
634SN
121 351
KM
,ulmd
57 I(((N
1151 ((Ill'
20.79
Vilvuvskuve Vodokhranilishchc
resv
62 SSN
1 1 ) 1 1 1 ( 1 ' .
KM
( a r t
70 I IN
117 401.
45
Vinnitsa
ppl
49 14N
020 291
56,79,KM
ppI
116 ]ON
161) 48W
RM
Vinnitskaya Oblast'
admd
49 OIIN
(129 001'
79
ppI
54 44N
OSS Sh1:
20.12, 79.R M
Vishcra
,fill
59 SSN
(156 2211:
KM
1, ctr
NA
NA
11.66
V is h ndvogorsk
ppl
S6 OON
000401 '.
KM
petr
N4
NA
11,66
Vishncvogorsk uranium deposit
u/t
NA
NA
42.41
pelt
NA
NA
31,66
Vitebsk
PH
SS 12N
(110 111'-
5l,79,K M
ppI
49 (ISN
142 1(21.
57,0 M
Vilebskaya Oblast'
admd
SS ()ON
((29 fill'
79
Ppl
48 19N
018 171.
S6,RM
VitiIn
ppI
99 20N
I I'_ 14l
KM
ihep
s4
NA
47,49,67
Vtlim
sun
S9 26N
112 141'.
KM
roil
49 OON
142151
34
Vizc, Ostrov
is[
79 ION
((7711(11
K\1
pPI
11111N
11514111.
20,32,56,59,0 M
Vladimir
ppl
S6 ION
(14(1251
5(74,0\1
pelt
11
11
31,66
Vladimirskaya Oblast'
:Idmd
56 ooN
040 tor
79
reg
49 1111N
010 O01'
14,1 5,23,25,32
Vladivostok
pp1
410ON
111 541
57,59,79,19 M
reg
44 OON
111'_ 1101.
79
Vol'sk
pill
52 02N
047 211
KM
admd
49 OON
012 1101:
79
Volga
slm
45 SSN
047 S21'.
20,2 1.50,5 1,67,
ppI
54 211N
048 24E
20,79,RM
KM
admd
54 0((N
048 001.
79
Volga at Tol'yaIO-7higulcvsk
hydp
NA
NA
511.67
ppI
SI SON
107 371.
57.79,K \1
Volga at Volgograd
hydp
sA
NA
50,5 ',67
coal
51 ISN'
094101_
34,40
Volga 1conomic Region
reg
S2 00N
046001
79
ppI
47 I_N
027 401'.
56, 0 M
Volga Upland
upld
S2 ()ON
046001 _
KM
upld
511 LOON
054 001'.
RM
Volga-Urals oil and gas region
reg
SS ()ON
0S (101'.
(4,11 20,"'512
dill
61 211N
1176115E
16
Volga-Vyalka Economic Region
reg
S7 00N
048 (1111
79
,n,t
47 00N
051 401'
20,0 M
Volgodonsk
ppI
47 32,
042 091
52,5 1,R M
tins
60 JOIN
((6001(x
2O. R M
Volgograd
ppI
484SN
044 21ST
21,5' SI.SS,56.
PPI
SI 14N
051 221
110,56,79,0 M
59,74,0 M
ad (I
SO (ON
050 001
20,79
Volgograd
pelt
NA
NA
11,66
rug
57 0ON
1162 0111 .
46.55
Volgogradskaya Oblast'
admd
49 IIO,N
044 1101
79
reg
56 IO(N
059 001.
79
Vulkhov
ppI
S9 SSN
1112100
KM
PPI
60 OON
(164 481.
16,17,KM
Volochayevka Vtoraya
ppI
48 3SN
1 34 141
KM
ppI
6S SON
07X 251'
16,17,56. R M
Vologda
pp1
S9 I IN
019 S41
51,79,12 M
gaaf
66 S4N
076 451.
10,1 1, 15,16,17,
Vologodskaya Oblast'
admd
60 (ION
((42 (101'.
79
1X_'1,12.33,66
Vulynskaya Oblast'
admd
S I ()ON
025 (101
74
Ihip
NA
II
49,67
Vulzhsk
ppI
5S SIN
040 2_11x
KM
ppI
SI 12N
112 581
KM
Volzhskiy
ppI
48 49N
044 44x
KM
PPI
41 SIN
06018x:
S6,79,KM
V ur kuta
ppI
117 SIIN
064 001
16,5o.59.09 M
gist
11) ONN
0641'_1.
21,66
Vurkuta coal deposit
coal
67 11N
1161 SSI'
34
i,1
46 DON
1501111E
KM
Voronezh
ppI
SI ION
01') I_'1
56,74.0 M
ppI
S(1 4'N
042 (101
KM
Vurone,h AST
nucp
NA
NA
S 1,67
6S 57N
0511 551
16, 10,R M
Vorunc,hskaya Oblast'
admd
SI OON
1140001
79
eel
8048N
0792_51.
KM
Voroshilovgrad
pit
411 54N
1114101
74,19 M
ppI
6S SSN'
(157_51'.
12, S6, 0 \1
Voroshilovgrad
Ihep
NA
NA
44,6 7
hill
611 (('N
05711E
20,66
Voroshi lovgradskaya Oblast'
admd
41) OIIN
(119 (1(11
79
ppI
S24SN
103411.
RM
Vuskrescnskoye
uilf
S1 14N
(156121
sun
48 28N
IS .
IO N
R \1
Vustochno-Kazakhstanskasa Oblast'
ndmd
49 OI1,N
1104 (101
79
ppl
43 4ON
lit 59x
S 5,57,0\1
Vostoclmo-Pal'yu
gall
62 30N
OS6 SSI
211
ppI
49 SON
(182401
5,56,79,0\1
Vustochno-Tarkosale
gasf
64 S6N
07S 54x
Ih
ill
61113N
1172111'
16,66
Vustochno-Tedzhen
gist
37 (1SN
061 (151.
21
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
V (continued)
Vol kinsk
Vol kinsk
Voyvozh
Vozcy
Vuktyl
Vuktyl
Vyatka
Vya,'mn
Vyborg
Vychegda
Vyksa
VYm'
Vyngapur
Vyshniy Volochek
Vylegra
West F::unchatka coal area
West Siberia oil and gas region
West Siberia Economic Region
West Siberian Plain
While Sea
Wrangel Island
Yablonovyy Range
Yagodnoye
Yagtydin
Yakushkino
Yakutsk
Yakutskaya ASSR
Yalta
Ya nal Peninsula
Yamalo- Nenctskiv AOk
Ynmurovka
Yamashi
Y am burg
Ywnsovey
Yams
Yangik;ieg:n
Yangiyul'
Yanskis Zaliv
Yaransk
Yuray ncr
Yarega
Yarega tar sands deposit
Yaretvu
Yarino
Yarkino
Yur slavl'
Y'ar tsIavl'
1'a roslavskisa Oblast'
Yasnogorsk
Yaun-I or
V etrenwv
Yegindy bulak
Yelcts
Yclizarovo
Yelizova
Ye1kino
VenrYegov
Penises
Yeniscvsk
Yenoruskino
Veralivev
Yerevan
Yergach
Yermak
Yermak
Yermak
Ycrnrakovo
Yerntentau
Vcsil'
Vetspur
Ycv paloriva
Yevrcvskasa AO
Ycvsk
Voshkar-Ola
Yubleynsy
Yugo-Osetinskaya AO
Yugomush
V ugorsk
Yurga
Y urkharov
Yushkozcro
Yuzhno- Balvk
Yuzhno- Mvl'dzhino
Yuzhno-Russkaya
YuzhnoSakhalinsk
Yuzhno- Shapkina
Yuzhno-Sukhokumskoye
Yuzhno-Surgut
Yuzhno- Tambey
Yuzhno-Ural'sk
Yuzhno- I]ral'.sk
Y' uzhno- lhctvbav
Yurhnys Rug
pp1 57 03N 053 59E 56,RM
hydp... NA NA 50,67
ppl 6421N ........055068............ RM
oilf 66 42N 056 47E ............. 20,66
ppl 63 40N 057 208 ............. 59,RM
gasf 63 49N 057 18E ........... 15,20,23,66
stm55 36N 051 30E...._..... 20,RM
ppl 55 13N 034 18E RM
ppl 60 42N 028 458...._....... 25,RM
stn ............. 61 18N 046 36E 20,RM
ppl 55 18N 042 H E ... 33,RM
stn... 62 13N 050 25E ............. 20
gasf 63 ION 076 46E 16,23,66
ppl 57 35N 034 34E........ RM
ppl 61 OON 036 27E 56,RM
coal 57 30N 157 308............
reg 64 OON 075 OOE
reg 60 OON 076 OOE
pin 60 OON 075 008............
sea 65 30N 038 OOE
isl 71 OON 179 30W
mts 53 30N
ppl 62 33N
calf 62 38N
oilf 53 54N
ppl 62 00N
admd 65 OON
ppl 44 30N
pen 70 00N
admd 66 00N
ppl 50 38N
oilf 55 05N
gasf 68 06N
gasf 65 30N
vim 71 31 N
gasf 40 38N
ppl 4106N
gulf 71 50N
ppl 57 19N
oilf 63 09N
oilf 63 24N
tars 6543N
gasf 67 59N
oilf 58 26N
ppl 59 08N
ppl 57 37N
petr Nn
admd 58 OON
ppl 50 51N
oilf 61 27N
ppl 53 09N
ppl 49 45N
ppl 52 37N
oilf 61 27N
ppl 53I1N
oilf 57 37N
oilf 61 58N
stm 7150N
ppl 58 27N
oilf 54 56N
pp1 43 12N
ppl 4011N
oilf 57 23N
ppl 52 02N
oilf 6047N
thep NA
ppl 66 37N
ppl 51 38N
pp1 51 28N
gasf 64 01 N
ppl 45 12N
admd 48 30N
ppl 46 42N
ppl 56 40N
gasf 66 05N
admd 42 20N
oilf 56 16N
oilf 61 37N
ppl 55 42N
gasf 67 47N
ppl 64 45N
oilf 60 29N
oilf 58 45N
gasf 66 04N
pp1 46 57N
oilf 6711N
oilf 44 30N
oilf 61 08N
gasf 71 37N
ppl 54 26N
they NA
gasf 4315N
stn 46 59N
34
14,15,16,17,18,
19,22,23,25,32,33
79
RM
RM
RM
115008............ RM
149 408.... 57,RM
056 18E_____ 20
......051 31 E. 20
129 408............ 32,57,58,59,79,
RM
130 008............ 79
034 IOE 56,62,RM
070 OOE 16.17,RM
076 OOE 17,79
11016E......... RM
051 47E. 20
076 18E 15,16,17,23,66
075 568........... 16,66
13632E RM
062 37E 21
069038 ............. RM
136008............ RM
047 548........... RM
077 48E 16
053 28E..... 20
056 41 E 45
055 15E 20
056 31E20
.099238 ............. RM
039 52E... 56,79,RM
NA 31,66
039 30E ............. 79
115 45E_.. 57,RM
072 43E 16
03807E .............. RM
076 238....._.. 56,RM
038 308........_.... 32,RM
067 42E .............. 16
158 23F__... 57,RM
05656E20
066 06E 16
082 40E 16,50,51,60,67,
RM
092 I OE 57,R M
050 45F 20
051 398 56, R M
044 30E 56, 79, R M
056 398............ 20
076 55E ............. RM
076 108.... 16
Na 49,67
086 138........... RM
073 10E RM
066 248............ 56.RM
077 428............ 16,66
033 22E 56,RM
132 OOE. 79
038 178 ............. RM
047 55E .............. 79,RM
075 568............ 16,66
044 OOE 79
05531E__....... 20
077 278............ 16
08451 E RM
077 19E ............. 16
032 078............ RM
072 28E 16
078 05E 16
080 36E 16,66
142 44E 11,57,59,79,RM
054 25E ............. 20
045 138........... 21,66
072 578............ 16
071 57E 16,66
061 158............ RM
Na 49,67
052 09E 21
031 58E 50,51
Zabaykal'sk ppl 49 38N 117 19F. RM
Zagorsk ppl 5618N .038088... 51,56,RM
Zagorsk hydp NA NA 50,67
Zainsk ppl 55 18N 052 040 56,RM
Zainsk they......... Nn NA 49,67
Zakamensk ppl 50 23N 10317E 57,RM
Zakarpatskaya Oblast' admd 48 20N 023 OOE 79
Zamankul oilf... 4318N 04420E 21
Zapadno-Erdekli gasf 38 44N 053 33L 21
Zapadno-Izkos'gora gasf 62 55N 054418 20
Zapadno-Soplesk gasf 64 17N 057 14E 20
Zapadno-Surgut oilf 61 22N 073 040 16
Zapadno-Tarkosale.. gasf 64 47N 07749E. 16,66
Zapadnyy Tebuk oilf 63 42N 054 54F 20
Zapolyarnoye gasf 66 55N 079 140 15,16,17,23,66
Zaporozh'ye ppl 47 53N 03505E 79,RM
Zaporozh'ye they.......... NA NA 47,49,67
Zaporozh'ye nucp NA NA 52,67
Zaporozhskaya Oblast' admd 47 30N 035 30F 79
Zarafshan ppl 41 31N 064 I5F 56,RM
Zavolzh'ye ppl 56 39N 043 248 RM
Zaysan ppl 47 28N 084 52E RM
Zaysan, Ozero lake 48 OON 084 000 R M
Zayskoye Vodokhranilishche resv 54 25N 127 451? I I,RM
Zelenodol'sk ppl 5551N 04833E RM
Zelenyy Mys ppl 68 48N 161 248 57,59,RM
Zeya ppl 5345N 127 168 I1,55,RM
Zeya stm_.. 50 15N 127 350 11,50,51,57,67,
RM
Zeya hydp NA NA 50,67
Zhanatala oilf 47 ION 0500911 21
Zhanatas ppl 43 34N 069 450 56.RM
Zhanazhol oilf 48 35N 058 001. 21
Zhannetty, Ostrov isl 76 43N 158 OOE RM
Zharyk ppl 48 52N 072 51L RM
Zhdanov ppl 47 06N 037 338 RM
Zhdanov gasf 39 16N 052 5811, 21
Zheleznodorozhnyy... ppl 62 35N 05055E RM
Zheleznogorsk ppl 52 19N 035 1211 56,RM
Zheleznogorsk-Ilimskiy ppl 56 34N 104 08E 57,RM
Zhellyye Vody pp1 48 21N 033 328 RM
Zheltyye Vody-Terny
uranium deposit/ processing center u/t NA NA 42,43
Zhetybay oilf 43 20N 052 188 21,27,66
Zhigalovo ppl 54 48N 105 080 R M
Zhigansk ppl 66 45N 123 20F R M
Zhigulevsk oilf.... 53 27N 049 30F 20
Zhiloy oilf 40 21 N 050 350 21
Zhitomir ppl 50 15N 028 408 79,R M
Zhitomirskaya Oblast' admd 50 30N 028 30F 79
Zhokhova, Ostrov is] 76 04N 15240E R M
Zima ppl 53 55N 10204E 57,RM
Zimniy.. gasf 6924N ....08508E 16
Zlatoust ppl 55 ION 05940E 56,RM
Zmiyev (Gotval'd).... they NA NA 49,67
Zol'noye oilf 53 27N 049 46E 20
Zolotaya Gora ppl 54 16N 126 388 57,RM
Zuyevka ppl 4804N 038 I511 RM
Zuyevka they NA NA 49,67
Zvenigorodka coal deposit coal 48 58N 031 IOE 34
ZYryanka ppi 65 45N 150 50F RM
Zyryanka coal basin coal 66 00N 146 000 34,40
Zyryanka coal deposit coal 6600N 150 20F 34
Zyryanovsk ppl 49 43N 08420E 56,RM
Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
 Administrative Divisions
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Approved For Release 2009/09/01 : CIA-RDP90TO1298R000200310001-8
Moscow
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Stavropol
Ryazan
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Tyumen'
Sverdlovsk
Ashkhabad
0
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0 500 Kilometers
Tselinograd
KAZAKH
Dzhezkazgan
aR
Union republic (SSR) o
Autonomous republic (ASSR),
oblast, or kray
Autonomous oblast (AO) or
autonomous okrug (AOk)
Economic region
(lower mop (Orly)
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