BOOK III EDITORIALS, COLUMNS, AND BY-LINE ARTICLES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90T00782R000100080001-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 161
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 2, 2004
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: January 1, 1960
• Content Type: LIST

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Jou> n eriC 11
THURSDAY, MAY 12, 1960
The Real Reasons
SOMETIMES life is a master of irony.
was suggest-
Just as Premier Khrushc 7.e
Y
ng yesterday it would be a good idea if
'resident Eisenhower cancelled his, visit to
itussia in June because the president author-
i,.ed espionage flights over Soviet territory, two
soviet Embassy`,officials were thrown oUt''bf
*4itzerland for sing.
The coincidence illustrates tht complete
fraud of b;IA.s hev's,_"horror' in learning
a.he President approved the t lig ~`ts Nana' t e
=aypocrisy of Khrushchev's conclusican that the
'resident is therefore "not a nice person."
It is our opinion that the real reasons why
=Khrushchev would like the President to call
off the visit are these :
1-He fears the effect of President Eisen-
'i.ower's. sincerity, obvious humanity and his
profound desire for honorable .peace, upon the
soviet people.
Vice President Nixon made a tremen-
lous impression on his trip to ussia
last year. The President would make a much
Irreater one, and would undercut Khrushchev'.s'
ttempt to picture him as the leader of,aggres-
give imperialism. Khrushchev is building up
that picture as a kind of political insurance if
4e returns from the Summit with nothing to
boast about.
2-Khrushchev is under pressure from
hard-core Stalinists, such as Mikhail Suslov,
`,o revert to the tough anti-U. S. line.
As :'rank Conniff pointed out in an inter-
-ti=,etive Hearst Headline Service article a few
t
s ago, Khrushchev is the boss but he canno
);~j: -iicularly since it its supported by the leaders
Communist China.
Based on this reasoning, we think the
esident should go through with his trip to
i_4 unless Khrushchev officially slams the
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, the Line:
e Q: On the Offensive
WWI" : 6
F, By BOB cONSiDIN
0 THE PASSING SHOW ... The Triton's, atom c power plants
The way things are shaping up, had enough fuel to continue circling
we'll soon demand an apology from the the globe for years, submerged. But
i- ussians for shooting down (if they man just isn't made that well. The
ilid) our helpless little old plane that chief petty officer who was removed
Baas taking innocent snapshots of the from the submarine after a month or
r o c k e t installations cwo because of kidney stones was, in
r,round Sverdlovsk. truth, a symbolic figure-symbol of his
We started out on species" decline in the face of the
hip goof-off looking Frankensteins he has created.
jrast about as bad as we've looked since the FIDEL CASTRO has flunked his his-'
rirth of the nation. tory course. No dictator ever corgipletely {
9e State Department throttled a good newspaper, and just
put Out a%, spurious about every or.:- c r them ti icd. The
3ncmtmunique, then hu- seized newspaper inevitably rose tri-
m niltatingly acknowl- umphantly from the ashes of the
edged we had broken despot's ruin.
international law..ii CONSIDINE The Cuban leader, through stooge
since then we've.gooe organisations named the Graphic Arts
an exhilarating offensive kick. It' Union. and the National Collet ium of
e ems to be that Newspaper Workers, has grabbed the
she fact that we've been doing this 128-year-old "Diario de la Marina,"
sort of spying for 14 years,.and getting one of the great daily journals of the
sway with it (and with pictures which hemisphere.
are graven in the ,.minds of Strategic
newsl5aper, though shockingly
Ylir Command navigators and bom- The hemisphere.
-
r xdiers), must shake -the 'confidence boycotted, still hac the audsteity to
ad the Russians in their vaunted mill- criticize the way Ci tro has ben turn-
wxy prowess and build us up in the ing Roman Catholic and De, rocratic
eyes of nations who felt we were get- Cuba over to atheistic c~~mmur ism.
?,ink; fat. We're even bragging that the 3o its freedom had to be rushed.
Russian rock.eteers didn't knock Fran- One supposes that its new eeditorial
?cia Powers out of the sky, but that his director will be Castro's crackpot friend
engine conked out. Carlos Franqui whose "Revolucion" is
';Nell, no sense hav4ig Ike walk into now the Pravda of our old neighbor
t hat. first summit meeting Monday with and mixed-up friend to the south.
a sheepish and apologetic grin on his Where once it told the truth it will now
kls.ser, lie. The presses that for more than a
'itephen Decatur, wherever he is, century spun out news without bias,
nirl'st be cackling, "Didn't I tell 'em- warmth, friendship, cheer, hripe and
"our country in her intercourse with intelligence will be mired-so long as
foreign nations may she always be in Castro lasts-in the sour bile and windy
the right; but our country, right or nothingness of dictatorial journalism.
wrong.", But; then a day will come just as
sure as twenty-past-eight In t ie clock
{HE VOYAGE of the Triton around ads, when. a great white roll of news-
the earth under water points up a fur- print will be cradled in place, w rid as it.
ther inroad made by the machine into rolls through the thundering tresses it
rn . is province. It's no longer a ques- will once again speak the troth, the
bon about the efficiency of the ma- whole truth, and note the passing of
n-slne in any test of this gargantuan One more egocentric who deluded hinx-
_
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TAB
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DAI LYE NEWS
P.+.) East 42d St. NEW YORK'S PICTURE NEWSPAPER. Tell.,MUrray Hill 2.1234
t'uhii hr t daily e.-pt Sunday by News Syndjtate Co., Inr.. 220 B. 42d St., New .yolk 11, N.Y.
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THE SFY. LA AND THE SUMMIT
It is -widelylee~l the free world that N.S.
Khrushchev is ~iak ti fih` h a to-do over the downedlU.S.
p..v piane beca:se he i,expecting_few if any concessions
from the Western Allies at next
week's Paris summit conference.
Therefore, this theory goes,
Khrushchev is using the plane in-
cident as an advance excuse for
blaming Western "aggressors" if
the summit talks net him no real
gains.
. We hope this theory is true;
also, that the Western Allies will
let, neither' the plane episode nor
'4nything else keep them from
,being as tough at the summit as
they Ilve often said they will be.
Francis G. Poxrers Its ..too bad civilian pilot
Francis G. Powers and the U-2
plane came down -maybe blasted by a, miracle, rodket as
khrushchev claims, or maybe (which seems at least as
likely) because something went wrong with the aircraft.
But this unarmed, unescorted plane did penetrate
.,ome 1,400 miles into. Soviet Russia-a .Matt which is
worrying a? lot of Russians: And such high-altitude re-
"onnaissance. flu 'hts have beeii carried out by our side
R'or the last four year's.
That would indicate, it --to Ur that the West
has the ability to-send nude ar atfa k hir squadrons deep
into Russia and wreak deadly dantage there.
Why, then, shouldn't;the' Western Allies simply it
sight at the summit;'let Khrushchev bluster to his heart's
:'ontent, then send him home without a victory?
The world in that case would know Khrushchev had
lost this particular battle in 'the cold war. Any excuses
he might offer would have the hollow ring that the beef-
ing of the man who didn't win always-has; and such a
:;hewing-up aof this fellow, we think, would be a firstrate
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DAILYJI NEWS
#94 East 42d st. NaW roaKws rtcruaa Ntwsrwrts. TsJaMUrr1lYMIII.2.12 ., 3
nday by Newt Syndicate Co., Inc 220 ID. 42d St..
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Richard W. Clarke:Recretary, P,
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WE DIDN'T KNOW HERTER
HAD IT -IN HIM.'
T will say frankly that itis`ufacceptable that the Soviet
political system should be ~~g37.'~e4? an opportunity to make'
ecret preparations to face_lie f,ree world with the choice of
abject surrender sor nuclear. d ruction.,
The quotation is from Se 'tetary of.State te, x~-
day statemeattMahaut the U..--S. spy plane which came to
around some 1,40D miles aside Soviet Rpssia on May 1.
Mr. Herter went onto: jay in. effcet that the United;
come the leader of the free
Slave, . and does not shirk
that rti bility.
n is de ens:e against the Red
years, with reconnais,
Christian A. Herter
doa ; so, without apologies to
s anes q,nd "other devices,
anybody. Thereby, we are only
fighting the devil with fire.
In , our'pinio'n, t11q..,.E,iSen-
hoPr o / this offi-
cZ ee a , o#i_ a5.,2111 4 ly
to remedy whatever mistake may,have been,inade in send-
ing the plane on its espionage flig1it a time so near the
scheduled opening 'date of the PariCAi.mmit confere
The State Department has Br ed the old? self-r it-
eousness, frankly admitted that vevill do anything and
everything within our capacities to win the cold orrsny
halt war it may breed, and tossed N., S. Khrush~ "we
and to the point, and .only hope he
line regardless of the retreat and-
letting from numerous-kibitzgrs, but
As for-
KHRUSHCHEr a EAT
--to bomb U. S. bases in other if, our spy planes
are permitted to take off from. l bases, the State aye-
partment answered that yesterday as it should be answered.
In case of such attacks, said State, the United States
would live up to its defense commitments to the countries
which have let us set up bases within their borders.
Again for better or worse, we are committed to the
defense of almost all the free nations ; -and we keep our
commitments. By attacking one of these bases, Khru-
shchev would invite terrible nuclear -retaliation.
'That we are very strong now and growing. more so
;t t evidenced anew yesterday, when our=-
NUCLEAR SUBMARINE TRITON
--surfaced after an S4-day, 41,519-mile underwater voy-
age around the world. It would seem to be no coincidence
that this trip was scheduled to wind up a few days before
the summit meeting. It is to be'hoped, for his own safety,
that Khrushchev understands the significance of the Triton
feat as well as do military men the world over.
Speaking of Khrushchev, his boy-
MIKHAIL BOTVINNIK
-last_Saturday -litthe ~less )~smv prsbip,, after
G
holding it nee 1948 except for one y
ear; t.o Mikhail 'Pal.
Tal is a slas ing 3-year-old player who gave the 48-yea,r-
old Botvinnik the screaming meemies several times during
the two-month contest. Worse than that from Khrushchev's
point of view, Tal is from Latvia, one of the Kremlin's slave
states; and chess is the national game of Russia.
Maybe we're drawing a long bow here ; but does Tal's
-victory conceivably symbolize an aging and stiffening of
the brains that rule Russia, including the brain of Khru-
shchev himself ? Are these much-touted old masters of
international chess losing their skill at razzle-dazzling free-
world leaders, even as Botvinnik appears to be losing his
mental agility at the conventional'chess board?
We don't know: but at least it's a thought, folks. it's
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DA L ' NEW S
i ,) tast 42d St. NEwroans vrcrvai NIwSekPE4. Tel. MUrray Hill 2.1234
S t I h ..I 'W" t/?e{~1, `u't1 lay IL N.%' IMP3lkale 1.n.. IJI 2211 1. 4211 81.. N N 1 k 1 \ ]'
{ 1` I kls'rAL i L'ren lien M ar+l t~. Clarke ecteue9. A IS .,- \la?
udnv I 9 b'2$ l ana I
., ~.,r,. n nr : pef s'S+y7 [+aily. 1 or t.alla+fa:R1R,_ a 11.11, a,d P n
1 ,IR,L a wh Prtn1A1 }~ gn,a av_ R[Pfl an ;16 AP newA (11P[ II II=?F
AN J POD ERS
r;'he Kre; fix than.,'. ,ci ioriage' charges against;
I rancis? G: Pii N,=` i ` +: spy plane that carne
down some JKussia oniMay Jay .
l I `the~ a >~l . 'Script, they'll give
is = L Wers a. "trial" d-e-
rioti,141`-gei; all t:lt
[;t,j v;?a,ida milesi?e they=.
` Y- in Atlanta Fed-
1, enil;ent ary.+ierviii
ttf 1vanovicf Ailel. the
highest-ranking Soviet
s11y ever,yet convu:t.ed in
*bet the United States.
G Abel is of no-4xArtber value to our Govet-ilm Vt as;a
iIll e UI uti?ormt tiort about Red; spy activities. Ai ter tP,;
1 eM in has wrung ll the propaganda it can out of Power
hi, will be of no!? tfLV Ado Or Presldent: 1 rr> Roam, Vice Presidea$. Harvln firmer.
Dead . d at ter..SummU M .
We can hear the runT'les of the gat ig s'tbr'M' of righteous -indignati+,in i ri f
reckless exultation. "Capitol Sees Ike TriumPhlh Rea Mdve{" said a1o'aI headline Y~
terday. The dispatch explained dt~{ uy Gvflgress}or!? e ers regarded'Khiushche
threatened walkout as a tribute to Ike's strength and wia t.} v,
In the poet's phrase, ilt N tsa-s'ianious vkt+ t, Ibut what we win `we cannot se,
As this is written the summit iference 39 In the gravttst; peril.
Such a moment is hi~'* one for raucous ranting Or rejoicing. ".1` or`can we deriN
any comfort from any signs,that Mr. K arrived in Faris determines to wreck inc sessit= 1
almost before it began, and has come very close to doing exactly that.: -
For the test of Western diplomacy was not to achieve conditions under which '%
K could be justly accused of torpedoing the negotiations, but to make it politically il -
possible for him to do In this mission we have seemingly failed, and there is e',
grave uncertainty whe fnuch th .,_World shares our view that the Soviet lc i ='
bears total responsibility fdr.the perilpw deadlock.
BACKGROUND .F0t DISASTER: The truth is that--=the U-2 episode wa'
major debacle...I3ut m-tuner ,s compounded by another blunder of equal ma}tr
tude. Last Th wake' nojgp~e Administration secretly decided to ban
Ts
=aeria'reconnaissance over Soviet territory. The decisi:oi:
was ; a wise, responsible one. If it had been promptly ;i
nounced, Mr. K could hardly have come to Paris with
big a chip on his shoulder.
$ut the masterminds who shape, our policy deeded
to gamble again. They decided to withhold the decisic.n
until the summit talks began; it was to be a strategic ,U e'
prise. Meanwhile, Administration spokesmen-include ql
Ike and Secretary Herter-continued to defend the busi-
ness of reconnaissance; as late as Sunday night Vice Prey';-
dent Nixon was solemnly assuring a TV audience that the
-seecurity of the U. S. demanded continuance of the hazar-l-
ous business of aerial espionage over Russian land.
Now, once agaiatythe American storyis awkwardly and belatedly changed. Wha!
should have been proclaimed as new proof of the President's peaceful intentions is being
assailed as another_anti-climax to bungling and deceit.
Of course Mr. K's demand that the U. S. not only suspend all such flights but alsc
"punish those responsible" was foolhardy and Incendiary. Would we deman that Mr. K
be brought to trial whet one of his agents was caught on our territory? This is child',
talk; but this is not the children's hour for humanity. -
MR. K'S BIG .TA :.Obviously, Mr. K's bellicose behavior provides serious
ground for despair. It is even)tlgl' y doubtful whether he can any longer choose his own
bt, s the` prisoner of resurgent Stalinist fanatics in his awl
words; more and more:
hierarchy, If this the true di&n,1 It not in part the product '6f the awful failures
gy ~t ~_ aces?
of ima 'pa tsh' t n places?
The >wr den it .first denied tide -nature of the flight over
Russia. It was e>t alip! U$ wlsen it denied a published,j'epotf L eek that such
flights would be discontinued., There also appears to be a graved possibility, that the Ad-
ministration,,: t to the' C ,('talks and under the pressure of Chancellor
Adenauer, ahi fesaed _ prospect for reasonable negotiation on Ger-
many. Did this se~we> aNoreet,the adventurers and irresponsiblec, in Moscow?
These t k loud because the stakes are toi ; or the kind
of obsequious ii " -f*MIded?by Sen. Johnson and his coboJI5 rkul becau-r
-
g raised tc;
onlLa,h, ful o tional. ofces--notably that of Walter Lippmann are
challenge the terrifying course of events in Paris.
The tragedy is that there can be no dispute about the sincerity of the President'-
quest for honorable agreements. But neither can there be any doubt that his inattentior
and negligence--and. we use the words sadly--have resulted in a cruel distortion of hi,
own purposes and the defacing of his image throughout the world.
. MORE MILITARY MANEUVERS: As if things were not bad enough, considt-
the Times dispatch from Washington reporting yesterday that "the nation's global rr J,
tary commands conducted a pre-dawn combat readiness test on orders sent from P ?i is
by Defense Secretary Thomas Gates Jr." The dispatch added:
Qwstions were raised privotely in seine official quarters about the timing of the emer-
c'tso, coming as it did in the woke of the U-2 reconnaissance plane incident and ;n the midht of
tense international situation.
Again, however, the business is done. Did Ike know in advance? Did an. one ti-
the Vice President or the Secretary of State? Will we be subjected to another be iid:=r
ing sequence of subterfuge, denial and affirmation?
Above and beyond all the questions, the issue remains: how has a nation whi,-1
cares so deeply about peace been maneuvered so often in recent days-and months- i;its
the role of "warmonger"? How have the managers of U. S. policy succeeded .c- ,?on~~rity. ?:r-d what. of the s-tt.atf ~>~part
ment's assertion that Mr. Powers ' 'fliglii,
was not authorized by any official 1n-?:
is true, as Mr. Khrushchev rather
indLta it,hat the United
in in esppn, ?! 'directed at the
Soviet Union.'' n ?aive and the
In ent ed, howaver, by
th e.:_ .For one of the in-
esc acts 6!1!Ye in the cold war
is t United States, Russia and
most atlpfls are relentlessly en-
gaged dercovdt'lfltelligence work.
Howe1 ' tefui:;GRpionage may be
to some people, it is imperatively neces-
sary to survival-especially in a time
when any nation may be destroyed by
surprise Mack.
To explain away,~or rationalize, this
Incident, however, hardly serves to min-
irlize its injurious impact on the Ameri-
cin position. Those who gage in spy-
ing are not suppose to gelrught. When
they are caught the consequences, as in
this case, can be ?rp inflhle ;: :~ ::::..
Obviously, Mr. Eisenhower will go
to the summit under a cloud. For the
moral position of the United States,
)*ps have
a position absut T vAeAw
talked too much, has been prejudicerl.
It was nice of Mr., hchev,to "full,,'
admit" that the ft Vent didn't know
that a plane was sent beyond the Soviet
frontiers and did not return. In hi,,
strong propaganda position, he can af-
ford to indulge in tongue-in-cheek geii?-
Washington? This, we assume. is of
a piece with tllat, fairy tale about tl
oxXWu,trouble-and the possiibiiitayy that!
the pilot might have crossed tl'i^ frontier
while unconscious. If the a.uti,v~rities in
Washington didn't kr6Wabow this par-
ticular flight, they certainly (;iiow that
this espionage program was in opcr--
tion. And if, as a result, our mor.il
position at the summit must suffer,
there, simply is no help for it. We will
have to, do the, best we can.
A second fspet of this afia!1 teas,
to do with the 'e on our all1es rti4er-
seas, from whys rritory n ,ciiige:gip
operations haven conducted. As-
suming that t4i ole truth of the
tU-2 incident ha en told--an as-
sumption which,m ,y be unwarranted--
the plane took off from a base in Pak-
istan for its flight across Russia, and
was supposed to land",jn Norway. Mr.
Khrushchev did not hesitate to threaten
countries which it such operations,
and we must a e that his 'threats
will have same feet. At the least,
they wi e h intelligence flights
as that the more difficult and
m &e hazardous. w' 4he --future. Still, as
a. matter of self-preservation, we must
continue our effort t learn about any-
thing the Ruwian c: re doing which
poses a threat to And we should
remember that they will be doing the
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MAY 0 196[
r 6*1_21
JX
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TUESDAY, MAY 10, 1960
shchev had punctured our clumsy and
specious initial "'explanations," however,
it was hardly possible to remain silent
without appearing utterly ridiculous in
the eyes of the world. At that point it
became necessary to tell the truth, and
we are glad that Mr. Herter has done
,so-that he has said that the President
Jc--s led the directives for the gather-
(rr of information by "every possible
means," even though specific missions
such as the U-2 flight may not be in-
dividually authorized by him. This will
not surprise or shock -p ru&hCcv,
uhot
lea e pio
f i n xl Ant,
reap WW" uda put it
is leaves a- question as to
h
w
y
Mr. Khrushchev is making such a pro-
diiction of this incident, and whether
he, too, is telling the truth. His purpose
may be to li especially
Pa n
wad in an effort to
hamper if ndt to prevent further Ameri-
can "Penetrations" of Russia, As for
the second point, we simply don t k
Our Best; Weapon
S
U-2 ncident\pears o e a
ills to r own governmennti s o -
nee on wi unhappy affair. And
the truth, k, is the best weapon
available w.
The gi., r..Herter's comment
is that the ' Soviet missile threat,
together wit ' 1VIr. Khrushchev's rocket
rattling, poses a menace to our survival
which cannot-be ignored. It is indeed
"unacceptable""that the Soviet Union
"should be given an opportunity to make
secret preparations to face the Free
World with the choice of abject sur-
render or nuclear destruction." This is
the privilege which Mr. Khrushchev, in
effect, is demanding. And this is the
opportunity which our espionage activi-
ties presumably have denied to him.
There are those who say we should
not have admitted that the downed
U-2 was on an intelligence mission. And
it is possible, just possible, that it would
have been better to have said nothing
from the beginning. After Mr. Khru-
now.
We,
meaning
th s ggove ' `nt, do not
e sans h6ppened to
capture t e U-2 pilot alive, why he
apparently has talked so freely, or
whether the photo released by the Rus-
sians really shows the wreckage of the
missing U-2. Officials of the Lockheed
Aircraft Cjrporation, which built the
plane, say flatly that the wreckage
shown is not that of a U-2, but appears
to be the remains of a crashed Soviet
bomber. If so, there is the possibility
that the Russians have the U-2 more or
less intact, not to mention its secret
equipment and its pilot. If the Lock-
heed officials are correct, what is the
explanation? We will not know the
answer to that one until Mr. Khru-
shchev decides to be at least as candid
as Mr. Herter now has been, and for
thi
s we may have to wait until the
sh
i
r
mp whistles.
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 ?Approved For Release 2004/05't13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100080001-5
? ht 9dV 1~rtll-g *1Cl~~
IL
Published by
THE EVENING STAR NEWSPAPER COMPANY
WASHINGTON 3, D. C.
Samuel H. Kauffmann
President
Benjamin M.. McKelway
Editor
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0
Member of the Associated Press
The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to the use ier
republico-ion of all the local news printed in this newspaper
as well as A. P. news dispatches.
Thus, iii his statement to the Sen-
Le, Mr. Johnson has been at pains to
emphasize"that our two major parties
are in f i ?agreemenf on the proposition
that intelligence-gathering operations
tr; l continue to be" SSerttr .I tb the secu-
r$7y of the United States and the free
world in general as long. as the USSR
insists upon hiding 111 T 1d the Iron
Curtain. Such secre as pointed
out by the Presient` at his latest new,,,
conference, makes it imperative for us
to take measures . (such as U-2 recon-
naissance, flights) to guard against the
enormou;dnger of surprise attack. And
Mx. Caauyhi eloquent address to
the as summed up the whole
matter by declaring that all operations
of this sort, 40 completely justified on
the followri sis: "Absolute and un-
avoidable military necessity and funda-
At the Water's Edge
Senate Majority Leader Lyndon
Johnson and Chairman Clarence Cannon
of the House Appropriations Committee
have just offered the world, including
particularly the Soviet Union, another
striking example of how domestic, poli-
ticking stops at the water's edge in our
country-even in the midst of a presi-
dential election year.
This is in keeping, or course, with
an old and basic American tradition.
Although Mr. Johnson and Mr. Cannon
are key members of the Democratic
Party, they have lived up to the traditioni
by giving all-out support to President
Eisenhower's Republican administration
in connection with the downing of our
U-2 "spy plane" deep inside the USSR.
mental national defense."
Accordingly?th this rule of t1rllmb
in mind, Mr. Johnson has told the Sen-
ate and the world': "I think that one
point should be, crystal clear. Nikita
Khrushchev cannot,, use this incident in
such a way as to divide the American
people and to weaken our national
strength. The American people are
united in a -determination to preserve
our freedom, and we are not going to
be shaken from that course."
The significance of all this ought
to be mulled over most carefully by the
men of the Kremlin. They will be mak-
ing a great mistake if they fail to keep
in mind-as Hitler and Others should
have kept in mind-that it is never wise
to underestimate the unity or power
of America in time of crisis or chall(:ge,
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IIjt ~uettzng
Published by
THE EVENING STAR NEWSPAPER COMPANY
WASHINGTON 3, O. C.
Samuel H. Kauffmann
President
Benjamin McKelway
fd,tor
ppened in P I i111
atiop, of E,, c;t -We t
ith to his position i,) ti?:e
tireml incident, or,
more any, our',official state-
'
men 1ection wi, o.it, must t .ve
comea the Soviet
a is nhing,Ailhis, however,
Tlae ot
winch roys'tile b t the Soviet
IeAer deliberately an fulty wrecked
the Summit confere ce. The con d, iolw,s
which 1~,e" laid %dow were' 4s insulting
and ar,a?tngant aanytlfng over l,ut
forwazL_ say H.itte"r Mr- Ei>_n!~r~wci
couldn't,! possibly accede t.o than, and
Mr.,K,brushchev kt w t,hi:>a1
prodding, has dragged his feeon this
score, but there should he ni eta re of
that. If Mr. Khrushchev will wreck a
Summit conference he may embark
upon other adventures, and w e sign Id
akc No Chan
s ,reason to ti
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 Approved For Release 2004/05/13: CIA-RD
WAS t4GTQN stAJ
MAY yF?,l
this- policy h ny aggressive'l
h ro n o l o gie a l Account intent, or that a unarmed'
U-2 flight of May 1 under-
taken in an effort to prejudice
of 'U? S. Reports on U-2 the success of the forthcoming
meeting of the heads of gov-
ernment in Paris or to return
tt;rr, .yl; 8s-thbAasocisted Press . the state of American-Soviet
'tei WlbWtng is ar-eh ttndI 1cal account of conflicting state- relations to the worst times of
mefitt"arid eomifi tsbAKM the spy plane incident as made the cold war.
by administratI+fl and agencies. "Indeed, it is the Soviet gov-
MAY 4 (fi4;41l#sf the'Xlight), an announcement by ernment's treatment 'of this
the National'-Aibnftics and Space Administration: case which, if, anything, may
"One of NASA's U-2 research airplanes,`in use since 1956 raise questions about its in-
in a continuing program to tention in respect to these mat-
study gust -mete rological cendi- ment says, it is incumbent upon ters . ,
tions found at 'high altitude, us to take any measures we MAY 15 - Comments by
has been missing since about 9 can to guard against surprise George V. Allen, director of the
o'clock Sunday morning, when attack ..." United States Information
its pilot reported he was having QUESTION: You realize that Agency, in replying to ques-
oxygen difficulties over the a normal interpretation of this tions on a television panel
Lake Van,' Turkey; area ... show (ABC's College News
ould be
ti e? that we intend to Conference) :
"If the-pilot continued to suf- Con
fer lack of oxygen, the path of continue?" Mr. Allen-"I will say that
the airplane from the last re- WHITE: "Well, I will leave I know that the spokesman of
ported position would be im- it to Your Interpretation." the State Department who
possible to determine. If. the MAY 12 - President Eisen- I gave out, the information was
airplane was on automatic pilot, hower said at his news con- acting in entirely good faith
it is likely it would have con- ference: when he said that it was P.
tinued along its northeasterly "No one wants another Pearl weather plane. . . .
course . Harbor. This means that we "There has been a meal
"The pilot, as are all pilots must have knowledge. of mili- misunderstanding that I would
used on NASA's program of tarn forces : and ? *reparatios'itY like to correct today. Mi.
upper atmosphere , research around A the`; R'64ld,JQespeeiffi1fay enter, the Secretary of State.
with the U-2 airplane, is it
thosE 4?std?7 fw sun= as not said that we are going
civilian employed by"the Lock-
prise atCxy~ i:`um itr8ftty of to continue to fly. He has said
heed Aircraft Corp., builders of
the w('lole reW wbrTdfldetmands that there is. an obligation and
the airplane. - this.- ' ? a responsibility on the part of
MAY 6-Comment' br' State "We do not use our Army, the Government of the United
Department Spokesman Lincoln Navy or Air Force for this pur- States and of the free world
White at a news conference: pose, first to avoid any possi- to try to obtain information
QUESTION-Has there been bility of, the use of force in to guard against surprise at-
any change in the orders under connection with these activi- tack but he has not said tha t
which the planes continue to ties, and second because our we are going to continue to
.operate in the vicinity of the military forces, for obvious fly. He hasn't said one way
Soviet border? reasons, cannot be given lati- or another ..."
MR. WHITE: "`There is no tude under broad directives but MAY 15 - Vice President
change to be made. Thisgen- must be kept under strict con- Nixon, answering questions on
tleman (the pilot) informed us trol in every detail... , the television program "Open
that he was having difficulty "The normal agencies of our End":
with his 'oxygen s equipment. Government are unaware of "There is never a right time
Now our assumptialt Is that these specific activities or of to make one of these flights if
,the man ' blacked.,.agt. There the special efforts to conceal you're going to get caught. no aggressive intent but .sth~r.
was absolutely no-n-o-delib- them . . "The plus is this. You realize were to assure the safety of
crate attempt to. violate the "How should we view that this flight clearly demon- the United States and the frer
all this i
Soviet air-space." activity? It- is a distasteful but strates the feasibility of the world against surprise attack
" 'open skies' proposal of the j by a power which boasts of its
MAY 7-Statement by . the vital necessity
. ,
. State Department: MAY 12-United States note Pr.
"This flight; demonstrates
"As previously announced, it replying to Russia's protest:, that unarmed planes can take
was known that a U-2 plane "In its note,; the Soviet gov- photographs without causing
was missing. As a result of the ernment has stated that the any damage, any harm at all
inquiry ordered by the Presi- collection of intelligence about to commercial aviation or the
dent it has been established the Soviet union by American
national insofar as the authorities aircraft is a `calculated policy' over ional which h the thof the country
-in Washington are concerned flights are
of-the Uriit.wdAwdet
1:~ ubte
'09P100080001-5
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ews
A SCRIPPS-h OWARD NEWSPAPER -
"Give light and the yec'ie will lina their own ttoay."
(R
WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 190
1n1?4 13th ST. N.W. (Zone 5)
John T. O'Rouike, a)ao* Ray F. Mack, e
43.9x; b mantns, ai.-: pcr .~~.. --. -------
Res U. S. Pat. Off.
n 'a
WASHINGTON
DAIL Y-L
A smart country to urev
any of the conference games. ;,girls blossom out i`e
0
who watcher tk CIA
EXCEPT on the rare occasions wleen it
~'~
may choose to leak out a s
Wit. nobody much knows.-what
ba,cl'i* k tows"how much ft'spends, 16w
n any people it has. And by and large
it is getter most of us cI'oit t know ,these;,
t.Lings.
But there should beach , c ;CIA-
l it doing the jdbb it is, do,
a id doing it propeidy'tflil4 ely?
Five years ago the Hoover Commis-
g,< n urgently recommended that Con_
g~ c ss set up a House-Senate "watchdog"
e,rnimittee, similar to the Joint 06rhmit-
t,,e on Atomic Energy which keeps a
tarp and useful eye on the Atomic En-
e-gy Commission. This never was done.
Now, in the light of the Soviet claim
that a U. S. spy plane has been cap-
ilLired, the role of thc, hush hush CIA
i being scanned avan The
Hoover ?c.Comm ission s pro11~ ;s Pe*-
ting new life.
At the time, the Hoover ~_ ~r1t missicn
task force headed by :ren Mark W.
Clark said there were "flaws" 11 the
CIA and recommended, ain. "internal re-
organization." Nokx$cli '-hnows whether
the flaws-have beeii i- to-n ed. or the re-
organization "effec t;' 1,, coiapleted. A
watchdog committee v euld kno>
The public, said the Clark report, is
entitled to assurance that its investment
in the CIA is "paying dividends." Full
public accounting of the CIA's business
obviously would be impassible. But
there isn't any reason an outside com-
mittee, preferably in Congress, shouldn't
be kept informed-so the public hon-
estly can be given this assurance.
"Our intelligence effort ,.gust be the
best in our history," said the IE'tover
Commission:
It's Congress' job to fine. of
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 ~ 'A5H71?:( "' , t ~, j ),?Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100080001-5
r._ MAY 1 3 1+960
Summit Spectucu/ar
NEXT week's Paris summit confer-
ence, which seemed likely to feature
an anti-climatic repetition of old plati-
tudes, now looms as something of a
spectacular.
Nikita1hiwsJichev has served notice
that he in 5o=make this a gala
Soviet . prole "`
~, .._._. gle'lus, exploiting
X1}3'-and reps: ir"Pals
for t }eyl s sl,
r...t~.~-~?-~ n tries, in-
Thus the emphasis so far is do efforts
from both sites to place blame on the
other for t e n s i o n s which alarm the
world. The problem at Paris, and in all
East-West con ill be:
? How can wt anie calling and
get emphasis ba gO negotiating the
real tensions, (4-which Khrushchev's
tough words-and the L-2 flight it-
self-are merely symptoms?
For the root i. f todzlys diplomatic
crisio.-rand it is , cfl s -t5n't aerial
spYang: It's the iron Curt esi-
dent Eisenhowc' 'poke,acd 'week when he Nisi: "\'er 4 dns.
work for a differ ent kind of world-and
a different way of obtaining the in-
formation essential to confidence and
effective deterrents. Open societies, in
the day of i.eesent weapons, are the
;only ansv, er."
The noisy events of r e c e n t weeks
t#u Seienee Monitor
Plane Episode
va:-iuus
.The world is contemplating in
ways the effects a serious mistake -: --r: have
on international relations. The of
course, was the apparent dec: ior. send
ahigh-altitude photographic recot:r. is:>ance
ni ssion over the Soviet Union, esp?-,:rally at
this time.
~lb~' consequences of the mistakr_., while
embarrassing to the United States and its
friends and beneficial to the (-,.nrnunist
world; do not seem to be catastrophic. There
may- even be some lessons learned and
values gained from the sorry episode. Far
more seriously, the world is reminded of
what catastrdjihes a not dissimilar mistake
might visit ulsota mankind.
. Suppose the Soviet authorities-or our
own aut2boriti6, if the situation had been
'reversed; had interpreted the plane as the
forta'Un mf an invasion. Under the par-
tic, tau Lances, such a misinterpreta-
t sioA.Ahe- timing of this particular ad-
venture and the question of how much con-
tinuous polic~yY cortr~ol is exerted over intelli-
gence a-ef'ivities. ?"fit the proper time, there
ought to be a sober and responsible congres-
sional inquiry into the broad questions thus
* (lJt~`~P #*r' ?x,
tJae,.,F~grper's article ~y~reprinted on this
page today suggests, `tlei has `long Peen a
feeling in Congress that somehow the needs
of military secrecy must be reconciled with
the need for review of intelligence activities
so dangerous that they might touch the spark
to war. We favored Senator,,Mansfield's pro-
special watchdog committee when
it was first made, and we favor it now.
Since every form of intelligence activity
must be evaluated by balancing the results
obtained against the risks incurred, one of
the tjoas. that ought to be independently
studied is the value, of reconnaissance flights
over Soviet'tbrrit'or . It m ad that CQ~ngress
couTil` ;convince that" ev ri though this
rrn o espionage is one of the most provoca-
tive and hazardous that exists, the informa-
tion thus obtained is so vital as to justify the
risks. The point is that our military leaders
should be required to prove it to the satisfac-
tion of critical and independent judgment.
Both the President and Secretary Herter
laid great emphasis upon the need for such
overflights to.,g,ar,,,,~g~jlpst ,surprise attack.
Th, ,j,~,A ,pgrsuasive point. Yet as it happens,
t5; Army only last vieele lSublis iec an analysis
in which its own exp retit encluded.that Soviet
strategy Ti ' not baiI d~tu $bn the doctrine of
surprise atw"T!"[hat the Soviet Union is not
even attempting to build a force that would
enable it to start a general nuclear war. The
Soviets, said this analysis, have concluded
that since they could not entirely destroy the
United States even by all-out surprise attack,
they cannot afford to risk the damaging
rmmtar-hlnws that snnh an 9ftnnlr vrm,lrl ;,,^?r
It can be argued that the Arms takes this
view because is role in our strategy of nu-
clear deterrence is so small, and because its
own parochial interests call for greater stress
on limited war tactics than on nuclear strate-
gy. But if that is true, then it could be equal-
ly true that the Air Force as the chief sponsor
of nuclear deterrence derives its views from
its own function, too. Both services, we think,
must be given credit for honest convictions.
The fact that they disagree on a question so
vital to defense planning and intelligence ac-
tivities like the U-2 flights merely reinforces
the need for an independentreview of the
wog, problem. ,.,,
ith oi'e of the President's points nearly
everybody can agree. This was his statement
that we should not permit the U-2 furore to
distract us from, the important problems to be
discussed at the summit conference next
week-problems like the future of Berlin,
and disarmament. Sjurely the whole nation
will hope that the President's continued opti-
mism proves justified, and that the confer-
ence will indeed accomplish something to
help ease international tensions.
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TAB
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 THE `;'h ZKFApproved For Release 2004./13- % DP90T00782R000100080001-5
Commu
Guilty
Pr
FIB ht
I nEspionage
The Con} +unist P'#rty demand- ference instigated
~ r . cs'_ e;ato.,r _4 by witht the s
Eisenhower a `repudiate" the de- __
The plane incident is a
claration of Secretary ogt.5tate urbing reml r that the pre-
Herter that U. 5 flights wil ent re.. 4~pentality is mot'.:
be continued. very mu th us. It is a r
minder that re are ~oweri
Ha'l ,l secretariat, signed by 11 Gus wart pro rs, the cold war-
Haly general, seckdarY, ,;~~ ,. ~ S to _ eintnie it
for a "full investigati n' ij 40i '- aiill"'flle Pentage .1, 194* he
why the "disgraceful plahe stet, top-secret (IA Beaded b
flight into the Soviet union>.oc- ~ la who a!,(, deel~ Ty
cured, and ntan4efd. the e-
Y. t e. progress of ti e
moval of ~4,are sesp h blse
mov? en for peace and are ready
for it." to go to any lengths to scuttle
"Every public official and Po- the summit meetings, even at the
]local figure must speak-out and risF efprecrr?atink w-ar.
be iudged by , .,,Peol %A, he
meric
The flig
ht
ane over the h t of t
anger. Rarely have the Amer -
indignation
place
with `h danger of triggering off
a war,-;cannot be considered an
isolated, accidental occurrence.
It is part of a pattern of poison-
}fig the air prior to the summit
meetings, which is being follow-
ed by die-hard advocates of the
Dulles cold-war line. Included in
this pattern are the recent bel-
licose speeches of Secretary of
State Herter, Under Secretary
Dill and Vice President Nixon
e Berlin question. Included,
too, is the recent AFL-CIO con-
lb~
act of their
And they are,
rbed by the fact`
incident took
ve of the long-
utnmit negotiations.
., vocative act, fraught
i NT cannot ''oe e y -
i?r-;,
W HATEVER ITS . i i ' ' '
this debacle does not b isically
alter the s.tdation with regard
to the summit conference. On
the contrary, it shows that agree-
ment at the s .mr~tit is all the
31-10.0 urgent. And it demur vi itte.i
with special vividness the menace
to peace inherent in the [)resent
intolerable status of West Ber-
lin.
But more is required. A full
investigation is demanded as to
how this disgraceful action came
?ljout, with the removal of all
who are responsible for it. And
c i-rY public official and political
figure must speak out and be
judged The American people want
-Peace no less than before. They
%' axrt an end to the cold war. They
expect, no less than before, t at
President Eiserhowe will d,1 all
in his power at the nun-it :,iect-
ngs to achieve agreement to out-
law nuclear tests. in titute ceps
toward total disarm a.rent in'
;Anil the danizei (,us -~t tat!tJ
.W'est Berlin.
[erybody spies". The fact is
tee- _ a id
t:ce such aerial esnionag e.
no nation can arrogate to itself
d
right to conuct aerial , _
r the territory of other na-
s.
squally specious is the ar-
gument that these actions are
j litified by Soviet secrecy -oaf
the fear of a surprise' attach. In-
deed, only a week earlier the
Army Department had repo fed
that the evidence clearly sl uva
the Soviet Union is not prepar-
ing to launch a war, and thai our
entire approach to national de-
fense must therefore be rev;sed.
Particulai'ly ominous is the
announcement that such danger-
ous games are being played with-
out the President's knowledge.
Neither President Eisenhower
nor any other public official can
escape responsibility for such
actions. He owes it tb'the- Amer-
isan people, whe expect him to
fight for implementation of the
spirit of Camp David, to speak.
out in sharp condemnation of
such actions, and to repudiate
the declaration of Secretary or
State Herter that they will b
continued.
1
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'By DANIEL MASON
THE DISTRUST and fear spread throughout the world
by the U. S. spy plane's violation of Soviet territory on
May 1 and the lying that followed were intensified last
Monday by S#cietary of State
Christian A'q ter's ,irrspansible
,jr
an"d" arrogant assertion that
send .planes- de6o4ma.-the USSR
in what can''only amount to pro-
vocative acts or aggression.
But while Washington was
compounding the dangers of the
present tense situation, Soviet
Premier Nikita Khrushchev, in
letters to President. Eisenhower,
British 'Prime Minister Macmil-
lan and French President ]ice-
Gaulle, and in a speech *at the
Czechoslovaks' Moscow Embassy,
sought for cooperation at the
forthcoming Paris summit meet-
ing to end world tensions.
At the same time, Khrushchev
warned that if countries border-
ing on the Soviet Union persisted
in allowing the U. S. planes to
violate Soviet borders, the USSR
would be forced to aim its rock-
ets at those countries.
The seriousness of the inter-
national crime committed by the
U. S. plane, specially designed
by the Lockheed Corp. for es-
pi,inage work, was emphasize-d
by Sen. Mike Mansfield of Mon-
tana, deppty Dansocratic leader
of the Senate, who warned that:
"This incident or any other of
this kind might well have ac-
cidentally suet etf' the holocaust
of rmdear -conflict."
Implicit in Mansfield's horri-
fied comment was the recogni-
tion that Soviet defense authori-
ties might well have thought
this U. S. plane was the begin-
n ng of ,an, allpslt :attack. Herter,
i4X an-;4fort to justify- the vio-
lation, of. Soviet territory, claimed
it was necessary to prevent sur-
prise attac1 by the USSR. Some
Was'hingt%, observers, however,
ask - pointedly whether this type
of plane penetration is not itself
a feeler .for a surprise or provo- J
cative attack by U. S. nuclear I
weapons.
Mansfield's warning was re-
infq by Canada's foreign af-
faird chief, Howard Green, who
declared in Ottawa that if the
U. S. continued to violate So-
viet air space, incidents "like
this will go on and on like it
11, usL one day trigger off
a nac?],u war" -
PRO BI
In any effort to - ix the ';,,-
mediate responsibility foe
irg the plane deep into the
vie' T?nio the Central M ,-J,
-J,
Jigence Agency should-he at
h e-
top of the egenda for any pr a a.
This agency, which has a' lo
a billion dollars at it 1~-
every year, is permitted to opcr-
ate - probably-witbout any Con-
stitutional right-,--3vith no sand n-
vision or control, or even exa si-
nation by any(r,pOllic,,legislate e
or admin' trstiv'c body of tl,o
government. -
Hearting., is all -.:.pow
secret. extra~gavein~apttal organi-
zation is- ] en ? Dulles, wfi-
first mhi,gvVi;,,,world-wic:e no-
tql'iety in- cgrnection- with the
Geneva disarmament conference
of 1925, {ch ,wa?_ aimed at
curbing arjns,si,gg by, the iuter-
national ibruriit, pns cartel.
The 1935, Senate hearings or
the munitions, trust, in probing
for the reasons the 1925 d;sarn-,-
ament parley failed, found a let
ter from a Winchester Arms Co.
official to the firm's Washington
lo;hyist, early in 1925, which as-
serted:
"I have just received a letter
1 from Congressman Tilson
which he-states that Mr. Dulles-.
Chief of the Near Eastern Di-
vision of,the State Department,
called him on the phone and
stated he would like, to talk over
personally with me the proposed
restriction, of traffic in arms."
The Winchester man's efforts
apparently succeeded, because the
Secretar,y of Commerce called
conferences, in March and April,
1925, among, representatioe of
the American, munitions mopopo-
ly and the government's dele-
gates to the disarmament par-
ley, at which Hoover pledged
that the U., S, would bar any eudb
on interpaiopal' Arms sales.
Dullo , ,wha va , at Hoover's
meetings 'as,,, q,.p` the, U. S.
delegates, tl~ea, yvett- on to Ge-
neva? where ,1e, helped:, ,to kill
the disarmament parley.
Dulles,-with such a back-
grouend, undoubtedly is part of
the Pentagon-State Department-
Wall Street combine, which is
seeking to unddrm1Yie the May
16 Paris summit meeting-d all
efforts aimed at diganmasren'
nuclear test bans and settlement
of the West Berlin e$ion.
Choosing the eve of the r 1tmit
for sending the plane mite e
USSR was obviously apiovoca-
tion to sabotage it. Fortunately,
the Soviet Union, actually by a
responsible attitude to the wel-
PUNISH~1IENT URGED
This fear and horror has un-
doubtedly reached up into high
quarters when the very, 99 aeg'va-
tive .New York. Tifnes a ug-
ton columnist Arthur iK40ck -felt
compelled. to demand tha4&d11te
officials who were respo
for the provocative v'.olation-af
the Soviet territory be exposed
and punished." ?
Krock atta4'ked the . incompe-
tence and irresposibility, of the
officials who, having been given
authority by the President, is-
sued the order for the plane
flight just before the summit
meeting. And, he declared fur-
ther, that if the order had been
given without the authority
granted by the President, the act
`merits severe punishment." He
charged the action could well have
been a violation of the Constitu-
tion and could in effect have
given the dec'sion of war or
peace to su-oordinates. (The Con-
stitution gives to Congress alone
the power to declare war.)
faxe
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4
NO HELP
Secretary of State Herter's,
statement last Monday, however.
certainly is of no hell;) to the
summit for peace. In first.
place, his admission that Presi-
dent Eisenhower had the ultimate
r?sponsibility for setting he _)sli-
c,- to send the s planes into
the Soviet Unior Manly breed
wore distrust at t U. S. gov-
ernment in its international rela-
i lied that on
Feb rring to the
shootin,~ dawn o a U. S. plane
in 9's; .ICAM&'hial~ President
En senl ox(ed:it (Tina:presence
must have,.bee i astadental, since
he had given ,w rs to avoid
violations. Eisenhower, at that
time, eeaiphaefzed,that "the in":
ders are very strict," and-W40
on to say: . _ r.
"Actually, now I have forte=
t?~n the limit,:'but Ia.- e t*Wi hsd
ii; personally eosre ;tisle.-back;n
couple of years ago,' and i'ram
sure that this happening Wive-
cidental." c:.i
Herter's further assertion that.
Eisenhower would continue to
order violation of Soviet terri-
tory for spying purposes by U.
S. planes not only has treated
l urther dangers, but has alarmed
even the governments which are
Washington's allies.
PROTEST
The Pakistani embassy in
Washington declared that its gov-
,~rnment would ;pro,, st against
any possible use;of is airfields
its a base for U. S. plane ope-
rations in the Soviet Union. The
,orwegian ambass dor called on
T--Ierter to insist that if the if. S.
s violating its' agreeriient with
Norway not to have U. S. mili-
ary personnel in that eduntry,
it must halt this transgression
`mrnediately.
Capt. Francis Powers, the pilot
of the U. S. spy plane, which
had been downed at Sverdlovk,
:1300 miles inside the USSR by
a rocket, had revealed a week ago
that he :had flown his plane from
Turkey to J'akistan, where it re-
mained for three-days before it
took off for a spying flight
across the Soviet Union with its
final destination an air base in
Norway.
Arno
The effect, however, goes be-
yond these countries. In the
Japanese parliament, under pres-
sure from the Socialists, Foreign
Minister Fujiyamf"was force to
announce he wag' going' to
query the ate Department
whether a `oip of plshes simi-
lar to the' 'downed one, now at
a Japanese bases" re to be used
for like purpose''"
Undoubtedly, 1 governments
of other nat:orig' *hose territory
is being used as air bases' by the
U. S., will be forced by their
people's to forbid further use, es-
pecially singe their real use has
been bared and the peril inv+c'Iv-
ed has become clear.
The warning bj- Khrushchev in
his Czech embassy spe'Aeh that
the nations which permitted the
U. S. bases on their territory
must accept responsibly for
their actions has forced' second
and soberer look by these govern-
ment at the agreements with
Washington.
In that speech, Khrushchev
said:
"We tell the zovernments of
ci,.:ntries, if you leased
vo.ir territory too-others and are
not the masters cf your land,
,d' vour country, hence we shall
have to understand- it in-our way.
Those who lease your territory
operate against ;us from your
territory. Their lands are far
from us while your land is near.
That is why as a warning to
remote targets,~ave shall find the
range to the-near ones ..."
But even' as he issued this
strong warning, the Soviet pre-
mier made clear the earnest de-
sire of the USSR's people for
peace by emphasizing:
"I should not like to heat up
passions . . . Our strength is
being tested. Therefore, let us
not draw conclusions aggravat-
ing relations between countries,
such conclusions as would ham-
per us in the future. I should
like to say, e'. en in building good
ela`ons with the Unih__ 'arcs
of A 1 ric.,. Today I decl;3re erce
again that we want to live not
only in peace but in friendship
with the American people. Tile
American people want no w-:,?
I am sure of that."
This ;vas also the ten,c f t'e
letter sent by the Soviet pie ,
to Eisenhower, Macmillan
DeGaulle. In these lette
urged cooperation aro nr, t ;e
four of them at the sur'ui ,
achieve results that would rid
the cause of peace and re e ve
the tensions that ;plagr.e the
-world. Khrushchev pledged
utm ,+t, efforts to that end
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orl
Perilin Spy Plane
Flights
is
is
Iiy JOHN AND MARGRIT PITTMAN
MOSCOW - Premier Khrushchev told the Supreme
Soviet that the Soviet government will persist in its ef-
forts ac the Summit'conference, which begips in Paris, on
M
ay 1L - despit.%,ftliacouragirig
words' and actions 6y the West-
ern governments -,to reach `-
`mu-tually acceptable agreements" on
the problems of disarmament, a
German peace treaty, and other
questions between the socialist
and capitalist. Antes.
- The foreign policy-, issue arose
during the premier'- report on
prospects for the summit meet-
ing, in which he revealed that the
Soviet defense forces had shot
down' an American plene invading
Soviet territory on May 1. Khru-
shchev reported that another
American plane had violated So-
viet air space earlier, on April 9,
but that the government had de-
cided against action then..'
The deputies expressed anger
and indignation during the
speech and the debate that fol-
lowed it over, the v'iolatjon of
Soviet air space on the day of
international labor solidarity, a
national holiday in this country.
UN PROTEST
Khrushchev declared the So-
viet government would protest
to Washington and to the Secur-
ity Council of the United Na-
tions. He warned the govern-
ments of Turkey, Irani and Pakr
fatait Against allowing' t#i'eir ter-
flbries to be used as bases for
"aggression" against, the 'terri-
tory of another state, and appeal=
ed again to the U.S. Government
tp end the cold war.
"The invasion of our
air space` by the Amr#c
is a very disturbing in4WJat in-
the Security Council in order to
get aggressive actio by the
United States stopped; for such
actions are fraught with great
d3ngere."It is difficult to see how one
can assess such actions by the
aggressive forces of the' United'
States of America. Indeed, wq
are to meet President Eisenhow-
er of the United States at the
Summit conference on May 16,
but just a fortnight before it the
United States Air Force under-
took an act of aggression against
the Soviet Union.
"What is that, May Day greet-
ings? Didn't those who sent the
plane see what they were doing?
They must have hoped they would
get away with it, believing that
the plane they had sent for pir-
atical purposes would come back.
But such actions are utterly in-
compatible with the tasks before
the heads of government who
are to meet in Paris."
TO SCUTTLE SUMMIT
"One cannot suppress the con.
elusion that the aggressive im-
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States of Am ca 7iave rate y
49
4
been most active in their efforts
to wreck the summit conference,
or at least to prevent it from
achieving agreements the whole,
world is waiting for," Khrush-
chev said. f
"The questron:,iewho has sent
that plane which-,intruded into
the Soviet Unions Was it - sent
upon? approval by tote supreme
commander of the United States
arr* ed;forces, the office which is
known to be heltl,by, the;,>?resi-
dent, or was thigk fg}t;:,aggres-
sion carr;p~itted;,l~rlthlgxtagon
militarists without
dent's. knowledge T,,; , }
"If sucA &q ,jgpaa are pnder-
taken by Amer'ican[,.. 'nas hats
at their own 'ris'k, ,this should
worry world opiipn all, the more.
Maybe that a~ + result?of the
friendship now-lbe gilestalhliehed
between the United States and
Franco, Aanprig8n militarists
have decided.,,tc ;do . things at
own dacretiorl, just as the Span-
ish military. ,junta?~did in coming
out against a Jegai government
of Spain? It is not-,uncommon
for military dictatQrs in the so-
called ;free. world' , to implant
their regimes 4y Franco's meth-
ods."
A RAAL$ ;TO U. S.
"The Soifieb :pinion again ap-
peals to the government of the
United States of America to end
the stabrj of-- 'cold war' and to
stop provocations against other
nations," he `S"ifid..
"Speaking to"f[e people of the
United States ,MY America, we
say that, in spftof she aggres-
sive actions against our country,
woo still remember the friendly
meetings we had during oiir visit
to America.
"It is still my firm belief that
the American people, except cer-
tain imperialistic and monopoly
circles, want pkrace and friend-
ship with then Soviet Union and
so do we. But the aggressive ac-
tions I am reporting to you here
must alert, the American people
as well."
Khrushchev observed that the
Soviet Union could not be, inti-
midated or pressured by force,
that it had all the means re-
quired to repel any attack, and
that nothing would be able to
stop its advance to communism.
"We go to the Paris conference
with an open heart and good
intentions," he said, "and we
shall stint no effort to achieve
a mutually acceptable agree-
ment."
MY171o6zn
Khrushchev told the Supreme
,oviet that Powers had confes-
sed working for the Central In-
telligence Agency since 1956 at
$30,000 a year, under the com-
mand of Col. William Shelton and
Lt. Col. Carol Funk of Unit 10-10
stationed in Turkey under the
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
Powers was assigned to fly a
Lockheed U-2-pi&ne over the en-
tire Soviet Union froi,i the air-
field in Peshawar iu Pakistan to
the Bude airfield in NeiKva h He
'had been given' a. AAgaiied-map
11a' hotograpk sites 'aird'F= re-
cad dar stations;:' e*.ad= pre-
on9*agegi*t'tad s Nor-sind
egian rgtrfieltls: r
Khrushchev resehteddevelop-
ed film taken from the plane,
showing Soviet airfields, fuel
bases and industrial sites. He
presented also pictures of the
plane's equipment including cam-
eras, a tape recorder for radar
signals, and a device for selfde-
struction in the case of capture
or abandonment. Also pictures of
the pilot's equipment, including
an automatic with a silencer, a
short dagger, a poisoned pin for
suicide, two extra gold watches,
six gold women's rings, also So-
viet, French, Italian, and West
German money.
ONE SHOT
Khrushchev+ disclosed that the
plane had been under observa-
tion for two hours while the gov-
ernment weighed what action it
would take. The order to shoot
was executed by a single rocket
which hit the aircraft at an ele-
vation of over 12 miles above
Swerdlovsk, 1,2000 miles inside
Soviet territory.
The pilot was stunned by the
fall when he parachuted. Soviet
collective farmers assisted h.m
and treated him hospitably.
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*T h tathoItc Standard
WASHINGTON'S ARCHDIOCESAN NEWSPAPER
Published weekly by The Carroll Publishing Co., 1711 N St., N.W.
Washington 6, D. C. Phone ADams 4-4711
EDITOR -IN-CHIGF-The Most Rev. Philip M. Hannon
ASSOCIATE EDITOR GENERAL MANAGER
The Rev. Robert H. Wharton The Rev. William P. Anderson
MANAGING EDITOR BUSINESS MANAGER
.Clarence M. Zens Nevelle J. Morgan
b age Net Paid Circulation in Excess of 45,000 Weekly
Case Of The U-2
'. `:'navy photographed a Soviet
"fishing trawler" Vega-with no fishing gear visible-60
miles off Long Island and one mile from where the first
Polaris submarine was conducting dummy-missile tests.
Thus the Vega was not only spying on our Polaris subma-
rine but was within very easy rocket-distance of New York
City and other vastly important strategic points. The Vega
is only one of very many Russian intruders around our
coasts and indications of high-altitude intruders also are
reported.
This massive and repeated spying of the Reds has not
triggered any high-decibel complaints from our government
nor from the friendly governments who depend on our
armed might for protection. Perhaps the first lesson to be
drawn from the Russians' protest over the flight of the U-2
is the necessity for more vigorous protesting by our govern-
ment to the Red's spying. It should also be noted that we
now have in our jails convicted Red spies including the
infamous Colonel Abel, one of their m4gt gifted agents.
The crucial need, we feel, at the prsent time, is for a
mature and reasonable attitude by our people towards the
U-2 flight and the sudden, novel policy adopted by our gov-
ernment. Despite our understandable disappointment with
the iesult 7f the flight, we should not be overly dismayed
or cowed by the Red propaganda blasts. The security of our
country from a declared mortal ene6iy demands such meas-
ures and the failure of one mission should not occasion
despair or even great alarm.
Furthermore, our citizens should not embarrass our
government by intemperate demands to "know all' about
our security measures. The pacifist should be disregarded.
Even those who disagree on the sudden departure by the
State Department from our traditional policy-and granting
the merit of their cogent arguments-should not urge a
public debate on this matter just on the eve of the Summit
Conference. The national good seems to us to demand that
there be no rending debate that wifweaken' the President
hands and strengthen the voice and hands of Khrushchev.
This is not to say that there should not be an appro-
priate and earnest debate in the future about such a change
in State Department policy. Such a change, which involves
the security of all, almost demands careful discussion and
debate.
Perhaps the best comment of all on this matter was
,that by the doughty Chanc+Ilor of West Germany. After
recitin the instances of violation of West German skies by
App nv soE eL ae 38dM51ii133i1CWR ,01FO0"PRFX60dl00080001-5
"Thank God the Americans have been making similar flights
over Russia." 10
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OKLAHOMA
If
i
Oklahoma&oGrestest,Newspaper
EUGENE LORTON
1869-1949.
Saturday, May 14, 196o
Published Every Weekday Morning and Sund6 `b World Publisliipg'Compa,i-v
MAUD LORTON $YFag, Chairman of.Board; BYRON V. BOONE, Pres. and Publisher
REX A. dxtcTrrc V _Dr n~.:_ __ -
W FETRIDGE, V.-Pres., Sec.-Treas.
:IiP.C91.t vg 1'i for -C
13tNLE 7'I-?OUGHT
size!? slrou~ Fur!. Th-y praiser
of an Americana
Russia
p3", `l the
it this
mit cerference -- '"'
Zg de-
mands in Congress "for public expla
nation.
Exp#ain what? The reason for ti
capt of FRANCIS G. POWERS.' Wh;{
he, spying? Why our first lime
o ` fense is our espionage system'
ile time at this session of'lCon-
9s is short, an attemptaTo t cer-
tainly will be made nett yeaar .to
~ir~ ~' 1.1~? as Weil r7S~ a1
other branch of the Federal Govern'_
znent. But, we hope it goes slow NI'd
-uses extreme caution in what .AmL lrt
be revealed publicly. Past exper-
ence hag-revealed too many headline>-
eonsc ou Senators. and Representa-
tiv w h, could ndrt resist th
t
e
wing the empta -
4 k. alt +?
were "in the
leaking information
various news media.
>,.
The tighter the web of secrecy
spun. around our espionage pi og'
;tie better for our national sr
lr _~c r.r.t>t be linnii
At OF Monday afternoon;
Eastern `time, there1~f{tttly
the faintest chance that the
Summit meeting will not
that Mr. Eisenhower must "and are not to be resumed"
have au'i'orized the general A.. + ck,ago hls mi- #ht have
plan of the flights but he pre- Sufdg4,.to c ,iiet down the
tented to let the President affair.
sa what in fact was a, sorry,
`withdrawal was, how-
of truth, that he eitei;' late. and it may prove
riot :authorize this particular 0 have been too little. For
flight. The diplomatic _ a . during the past' week the
slider would have been to say flight and the way it was
into a direct challenge to alliance. Paris. Let us hope so.
1`. - 'ivereignty of the Soviet It would he wishful think-
'Union. Ing to sup++~re that the, So. cQHerraldTrbuns,Inc
hater replied that he was sic. Tho=e who say that )jr. he itad the chance to recoup
responsible, that such flights K. has seized upon the oppor- .elsewhere. We have not heard
v Fire necessary, and then he tunity solely in c der to make tie last of the troubles of the
'r-, rho world think even if propaganda thiot., encircling Allies.
It(- did not say so in exact realized thr? .. a,, t. a)f the There is not much comfort
words that the flights would disaster Ruler iias befallen for us in this. For our own
continue. This locked the us. Foe the Soviet i4iion blunders provided Mr. K.
door which Mr. Khrushchev there is in ?h,, mach sore kith his opportunity.
had ripened. It transformed than propaganda. There an AT THIS writing i,t is still
the embarrassment of being instrument for Oistugbltlg if conceivable that a way will
eaught..in a spying operation not disrupting the. encircling found to carry on in
polir_y- has suaaeniy narueiie,'
against a negotiation abbout
the status of West Berlin.
and 1h '' this was a reversa;
of u ,rstanding gi1en
to 1i h 'he President
at
>wlm r~ rainla. therefore,
the al'fz=.r? toe plane of;ered
Mr. K- an opportunity to
nothing a-, the time or at the dandled have given the Soviet make a (it p i o m a t i c? gain
most to promise an adequate Government a rich oppor- against the small encircling
investigation of the whole tunity to wed en the ring of Allies from Norway to Japan.,
at-fair, Instead, Mr. Eisen- America's .allies around Rus- If he was stymied in Berlin,
a By Walter Lippi ,.. _.
THIS avowal, this refusal "viet iaovernrnent will r -t.
to use the convention of di? seize this Opportunity
plomacy was a fatal mistake. push countries like Nor.
e ,.... Iran Pa ki n.. Turkey d
o'rit triode it impossible for (a.P,4 -to plerhes and r tt0
Mr. Khrushchev to bypass ,tra=r. s which i } and French knew nothing
to the President, and de Gaulle in .'tthe U-2 flight on May 1, and
particular handled a difficult situa-' nei'lner did the Turks, 'Paki'stanis
tion with serenity and skill. f andprwegians, who are now under
threat of rocket retaliation from
Catalogue of Defeat Moscow as a stilt.
There is another gain: Unlike thei luvc1ybody in the top rungs of the
summit conference of 1955, which' U nitedhStttdel g tionll ere agro?
concealed the hard realities of thel at te the ce
East-West struggle (again with the lies ahead on Berlin. It isndt gong
aid of Mr. Hagerty's press-agentry),1 to be possible to coast and wait for
this one at least dispelled the rose-! the next Administration. The pre--
colored fog of the last few years and' sure is starting now at a time when
exposed the unpleasant truth. the confidence of the alliance in
Nobody is against expressions of Washington's judgment has been
sympathy for the sad conclusion of badly shaken.
the President's efforts at accommo- This is inevitably going to call for
dation, but the truth is unpleasant better administration in the United
and dangerous, and it is not going States and better coordination with-
to be handled by adding jingoism to in the alliance, and these things ai-
bsent-minded not likely to occur in a mood of self;
d
k
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4
try` to photograph ,-nsitive points
from satellites spinning thorugh open
skies. And the Russians will con-
tinue to assemble reports from their
far-flung intelligence network and
to send trawlers "fishing" near our
nuclear submarines.
Espionage and counter-espionage
are as much a recognized-if dis-
avowed--form of power relationship
as the politely accepted function of
service attaches in any embassy.
Nor can any code of coexistence
conduct, such as that desired by
Britain's optimistic Foreign Secre-
tary. modify this unpleasant verity.
The only rule of the game is not
to be caught as was the unfortu-
nate Mr. ]powers or, in 1957, Col.Rt t'ire Soviet spy now in'
an American prison. Nations may,
endeavor to promote international
relaxation by limiting such activi-
ties, but they won't stop them. They
will merely become more discreet.
Desperate rivalry persists. Khru-
shchev. pretended to Italy's Presi-
dent Gronchi that foreign Commu-
nist parties can't be influenced by
Moscow. Furthermore, he refused
to d elalm his ideological offensive
be according to Marxist con-,
vic1 tt stemmed from an inher- i
ent, .class struggle existing inde-
pendently of Moscow's control. The
only cold war he wished to see
called. off was that engendered by
the West.
Whether discord or concord re-
I sults from the summit, substantially
the same kind of uneasy peace will
endure without essential change
Khrushchev argues peaceful co
existence is merely renunciation of
force in settling controversies. But.
members of the United Nations
,have already been bound by that
promise right through a decade and
a half of crises.
We were embarrassed by the de-
struction of our aircraft where it
had no legal business being and the
Russians were embarrassed when
!Abel was exposed. But neither in-
cident was a cases belli.
Undoubtedly both East and West
must restrain flamboyant cold war
impulses so that at least the at-
i mosphere of detente can be present-
,
espionage, propaganda or economic ed. The balance of terror should
~.ompetition for world favor. Wf' l encourage common sense. But the
will continue to develop mechanic. a world division will inexorably per-
ievices to check on Soviet missiles, severe no matter how much good-
to fly radar plan AW'YQ1%i (ffRelQ41S4% 2QQ4JA5L'b8 tisOs#A-RDP9QT00782R000100080001-5
oreign Affairs
When Peace Is Peace by
Any Other IV ame
By C. L. SULZBERGER
PARIS.
On the eve of the summit the sky
l is black with platitudes coming
Ihome to roost. One hears anxious
talk that, unfortunately, the cold
war is now likely to continue and
cannot, as had been hoped, he re-
placed by peaceful. coexistence.
This is fallacious thinking. Cold;
war and peaceful coexistence are
1 precisely the same thing. Further-
i more, they are equivalent to peace
'itself. During many decades it is.
improbable we shall know any other
kind of peace. For peace, after all,
is absence of war; and war means
hot conflict, not cold.
Semantics confuse this issue, vet
they cannot obscure reality. Trot-
zky once coined the phrase "neither
war nor peace" and, thirty-five
years ago, Stalin invented the term
"peaceful coexistence." These are.
meaningless slogans. They serve to
hide the truth that if there is no
killing there is peace, whether for-
mal or informal.
German strategists first defined
war as a continuation' of policy by
other means and Soviet strategists
first contemplated peace as a con-
tinuation of war by other means.
Stalinist peaceful coexistence re-
ferred to a "period of respite" in
the ideological struggle which, for
all Communists, inevitably persists.
Today, for evident reasons, it is pre-
ferred that the continuation shall
be nonmilitary.
There are historical precedents.
When Islam and Christianity waged
an ideological contest there were
long interludes without fighting.
But neither the Vatican nor the
Oe]iphate abandoned its determina-
tion to triumph ultimately for what
each considered humanity's good.
Against this background we may
view the sudden ups and downs of
world opinion speculating on the
summit. Until last week an aura of
optimism seemed to think malevo-
;lent cold war could suddenly be
'stopped and replaced by beneficent
oexistence. In fact, no matter how
:agreeable or disagreeable the surn-
mit is, peace itself will not be
altered. Neither side can afford the
risk of touching off active conflict.
Today's Unpleasant Peace
risfi +crritory, one imagines) and to ifounded by semantics.
neither will cerise
Nevertheless
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 NEr,V 4"() ltx
I HTERA,I1) 114181
4
By MARGUERITE HIGGINS
WASHINGTON.
T HE State Department's admission
Saturday night that an American
plane "probably" had violated Rus-
sia's frontiers on purpose was greeted
in this normally garrulous cap}tal with
the kin ef embar-
rassed juali is
was inverse testi-
MAY 9 1960
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Admission to
.Sverdlovsk
mony to the box
in which we have
been placed by Mr.
Khrushchev and
(how painful to ad-
mit) by ourselves.
With the usual
prop of national
self - righteousness
vis-a-vis the Com-
munists so con-
spicuously missing,
what was a Con- Higgins
gressman, or a Sen-
ator, or even an official member of the Cyn';cai? In the George Win:
National Space Agency to say? theory of historv. the admissive, Y, s,
But in an expectedly speedy over- 1.-41t chop down the cherry tr-r, "h"Soviet leader for
having brought the Allies all
the way to Paris only to stage
his spectacula sabotage of the
summit.
Show the World
A main reason that the.
President and the British and,
French leaders went through
the mctions of asking Mr.
Khrushchev once again to at-.
tend the summit meeting this,
afternoon was, officials said, to
dramatize to the world their
conviction that he had no in-
tentior whatsoever of being
reasonable or reaching a com-
promise.
The two points of Mr. Khru
shchev's demands that Mr.
Eisenhower refused to meet
were the insistence on a public
apology for the intrusion of
the downed American spy
plane into Soviet air space and
his call for punishment of
those responsible.
This last, officials pointed
out, amounted in effect to tht
absurd request that Mr. Eisen-
hower punish himself. Since the
President has publicly assumed
responsibility for the espionage
policies involved in ae rial rec-
onnaissance over Russia, how
could he punish others and
exempt himself?
During the day the President
was widely praised for the im-
portant concession that he did
make-an announcement that
no more spy planes would br
sent over the Soviet Union. The
Allied press and radio were
generally of the opinion that
the concession was a necessary
one and one that should have
sufficed to bring Mr. Khru-,
shchev back to the conference
table.
Despite the difficult day.
President. Eisenhower still had
a smile for the waiting crowds
this evening when he reached
the Ele?see Palace for a final
conference with Mr. Macmillan
rd Gen. de 0 uile on what the
Vest should do next.
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 r '3 i.LA i..iS .DIET'h~'lR 1 4~7~s"
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PLANE
SHO'NS.
ARE V
Its Lack. of Security
Is Bared by Flight,
Apart From Charges
by Khrushchev.
IG. GEN. THOMAS R.
By
Military Analyst of the
Post-Dispatch.
WASHINGTON, May 7-If the
~ report made by Soviet Premier
Khrushchev to the Supreme So-
viet detailing an alleged confes-
sion by United States pilot Fran-
cis G. Powers is tru Cum-
wu
stantially, it appears to e-the
assured, a ut
m i res in "' "ie gr ' lice
state, vosting billions of rules
annually, will have been m uf-
ficient to deny mfoi of
o" nsic' as' oca ion of
ar le s, yndustrial and missile
sites, that can be seen and exact.
ly located in any of the Western
countries wltbqut interference or
charges of espionage.
U>pllkelr Pilot Bungled.
tfie_a partps in the, plane. This
could ibe accounted fox by the,
confusion that ensue after the
plane .was fired upon; it 63,000
feet aitltude, ' ;'
The .1rcumstantilll evidence
produced; by Khrushchev will
,ir, ,ns and
convince nay IN
all foreigner rre end un
a photora
possible and
been blinded
But `development.. has not end-
ed. There are reports of Soviet
air defense guided rockets with
a raaagp of 100 miles that use
iefrared,.tracking and guidance
,but the t"ays, are absorbed by
moisture in clouds and rain. The
Russians have made a maim
advance if they have hen come
this.
mostly came to the Unk$t5tites I
T to frequent references to
with Von Braun, many`, of+the 1 anti-aircraft artillery in Sovias
manufacturing facilities were
overrun by the Russians and
they were able to collett,a great
deal of material read t. to as-
semble and test. Whil _11t top-
Overrun by Russijans. ,sy,tepls, as well as infrared
The experimental areas : and liombt& Infl'ared has advantages
Peenemunde, Germany, by the
Bornberger-Von Braun team.
Both Dornberger and Von Braun
chose to come to the United
States.
wn to be in
n:i It en:' tri r oci t,
he Nike-Herr s !,as -h i ?.d and the atomic'
is from 75 to 85 miles, a limita- weapons deeve!opment center at.
tion imposed b the effective Ulan-l.lde in 1951.
range of tht guidance radar and Soviet develnpment of large
not by the missile itself. air defense guided rockets has
The Nike family of missiles, continued, but its next genera.
starting with the Nike-Ajax and tion is believed to be consider=
now going into the third genera- ably less effective than the Nike-
tion Nike-Zeus anti-missile mis- Hercules, both as, to . guidance
sile, was the outgrowth of the and range, the range being gen-
German Wasserfall anti-aircraft erally estimated as about 50
guided rockets developed at miles.
1 er technicians and engineers 1 military literature in recent
were taken by the Russians and years, when it has been wholly
Khrushcchev reported that an- put to work at once to continue replaced by guided air defense
other flight had been detected i the German missile programs rockets in the United States, in-
from the area of Turkey, Iran, for the Soviet Union. dicate that the manufacture of
r Pakistan, .' ' 9 Tr such The scientific and intelligence 1lefense rockets has lagged
feve'l
i
h
h
i
t U
bl
i
n'
;
i
on.
at t
e
n the Sov
e
n
us is t
y.
coi
en
era
s
Blight was made, this pt f}t evi- i i f -of air'defense guided rock- Wt! w ,nevertheless, that
dently did not pass over ras ets in the r i e States ltas been one of the most urgent military
where Soviet hit
ls
'
e
e
... m ch supgrroz so far programs in the Soviet Union
salons nave peen siles were ack , to
that we nave not SI vii `f Union. Both had opera- i has been that of air defense. A
by Soviet security. him. Kh 1111411 j t tional air defense guided rockets system of ground control, sim-
Itw eke, no change in the m ,, let aQ j at about he same time in 1953, ilar to the United States SAGE ,IMW r L--i AT:/-.. A:- . ,, ";-
weather
ported by Khrushchev, would P? s' has about the same range. Soviet Union. Since the Soviet
take the pilot from Pakistan, flight were. Both are guided by radar to- Union lacks the great wire s
possibly over the test-and per- The U-2 flown' era flie ward the target plane. The tens of comm:.n
haps operational-missile- too high to be t 1 .Ajax is exploded by radio ' sor' the United Sta poi: launching sites in the vicinty of Soviet aircraft. Itot~ `> command. This . system was point adin is used
the Aral Sea, over the indus- tected and shot down "asfly. , adopted to be sure that a homing
trial cities of ` the Ural moun- air defense rock nti iR7 t device would not home on friend-
tains, beyond Sverdlovsk, where guided missiles) cly - as the ly aircraft. The Soviet T-7 uses
he was alleged to have been United Staten's Nike -;H:excules. an infrared homing device that
hly accurate once it is
shot down, thence across north- but it would have to pjtsa within is-hill
ern Russia, over Archangel ap c~ range. Natural l , a r4tru ld locked on the target.
Murmansk, to N roves Fo#itRel tve~IArRDR90TQQt 2R(b?01Q0080001-5
 r
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5T. 110rT.
gP4 CR.
J-2 Type Spying Going for Years;
Russians Fly Over Alas,' , C ;loch
By BRIG. GEN.. THOMAS R. J Russianr}s. These flight have been o r ground stations," he
PHILLIPS, U.S.A. (Ret.) going oh for years and have been said. '1nr sort c,` informatioe-
~~ so uniformly successful and un- would ena I rw, defense force
Military Analyst of ? ' disturbed that in some areas to locate ctly the air defen,
the Post-Dispatch. they are termed "milk runs." net work )t ii Soviet Unon
WASHINGTON, May 9-The ,i;Inquestionably the timing on The photo; to hs permit de-,f-
worst crime in espionage is to May 1, the Soviet Union's great- mining e x ; , c ! ere Soviet ai
get caught and the next worse est holiday, was in the hope that fields and n ! of defense ms! alL'-
v
there would be less alertness on bons, such ' u. rile sites ~
crime is admit stands anything. The the part of the air defense radar All this :,-" 'nation, whi, h
United States stands guilty in systemsi6 It probably never oc- open in t United Statc
both respects. curred those responsibie for councealed ,It great cost in tl
The U-2 plane shot down by the flights that there was even a 1 Soviet Unr in, About 40 pet r c
Soviet anti-aircraft rockets at an remote possibility of trouble that of its arc i'; closed to fc t n-
Premier Would influence the summit con- ers. In some parts, great areas
altitude said by Soviet ference. are closed _o Soviet citizens who
Khrushchev to have been 20,000 The United States is not alone do not h% e special permits to
meters, or about 65,000 feet, was in flying over other countries for I enter.
capable of much higher Mot intelligence purposes. The Rus- Since tin se activities have now
and was built to cruise at 90,000 sians fly over northern -Alaska been adn-atted by the United
feet or higher. and Canada, taking photographs States, it can be said that the
of the Distant Early Warning Iron Curt;,~n has been penetrated
If it was hit at 65,000 feet, it line. So far north there are no and far inure is known of Soviet
is probable that the pilot was fensive missiles or aircraft, so it secrets than is realized by an}-
having trouble with oxygen and has never been possible to bring one outside an inner circle in in-
pressure and was forced to fly down the planes, whose vapor telligence and a limited circle nl
I?lower. At the altitude at which trails are seen and which' Tare high officials.
the plane was designed to fly, tracked by radar. The Russians have known ul
the flight could have been de- So far as is known, Soviet these activities for years. hu!
tected with the latest tkno of
flights have not been extended have not previously been able ;o
radar, but so far as is known, to the continental United S:xates interfere with them. It is un-
,the Russians hid nothing to
nor to southern Canada. Nor is likely they did not know th e :-
knock it down at that height. it necessary that they shoul* do tent and eftectiveness of the
The plane was provided with so. Soviet agents in a carUCan equipme- used, hovever.
destruction mechanisms that learn everything about out de- There have been four U-2 air
were automatically actuated fense installat. ns without diffi- planes, the type brought down
after the pilot had ejected the tufty. May 1, -stationed in Turkey and
I pilot capsule. This would de The British have also flown Three in Japan. Another is in
stroy the cameras, recording regularly over the Soviet Union, California. They have been in
and detection instruments in the an activity they call "spoofing." operation between four and five
plane and leave no positive evi- Spoofing is intended to locate years. They were especially de-
dence of the purpose of the mis- the opponent's defenses by bring- signed and built for high alti-
sion. ing them into action. The air- tude reconnaissance flights. Be-
The plane could be destroyed craft have radar detection instru-fore they became available.
also by the pilot if he pressed a ments that let them know that en- I other aircraft especially rt -
button that would destroy him emy radar is on them, i built for flying at high altitL,dcs
as well. There is much criticism Several years ago two univer- were used. The older aircraft
of the pilot in inner circles for sity students in England pub- did not however, have the alti-
his failure to destroy the plane. fished in a university magazine tude capability of the U-2.
This is premat e, since no in- a detailed account of British Expressions of indignation by
formation is av&o about his spoofing activities. It ca?sed a citizens and congressmen o~~er
condition after tf~eenlane was hit. great furore and the men were the fact that the United States
He may have sperenced a dud- haled into court. was engaged in intelligence
act-deg loss of oxygen vand ere4nscious The details given by Khrush- ivities over the Soviet Union are
ness and only reeovered'in time considered in intelligence circles
to bail out at aow altitudo. chev show how much information to show a lack to understanding
The admission by the United
States in a statement the United States has been get-
ting from such flights. He said' of the problems of the cold war.
that besides the photographic The information obtained can
a-air-
ngag President dent that. our, equipment, which he said was ex- mean the difference between na-
by the
crgh engaged in intelligence Unio is cellent but, of course, not as tional survival and extinction. It
a igts shock to over the the Sevi intelligence Union nion is cam- good as the Soviets', the plane can mean, they say, the saving
a g carried "reconnaissance equip- of tens of millions of lives in
munity. responsibility for ment for spotting radar networks, case of war. Against an opponent
such activit ie should eve r t identifying the location and fre- as skilled in espionage, and one
comitteh, acc cording to their quencies of operating radio sta- I that practices it on a worldwide
code. The first story should have tions and other special radio- en- scale, failure to use methods
I been maintained, although it was ~ineer it open to us to gain information
needlesslA00 dl ~ d ghr0 id d' tap~l "tT007Z RMS1000 0001-5
ardless o the circumstantial
egvidence in the hands of the I ing of the signals of a number of 1 opinion.
 IS MAY 10 1960
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to press authoflzaUon by the designer o` ',
Con us? ? At A16 saute time that f Johnson of Lov.l,
Panic
on
arentl
,
y
pp
. Herter's statement was issued. Corp., to be spu ..a.s. 1L
4
?t ' l`w uslipwv was in his vodka- ejellent teci,nica: rr-c,s
h
:; file guests. R hat krn o
Skate is this if the. military can leged to have l: kii earn ny
It Is.Conteri cd That NA ' a - ,S$'I - da what, the government op by' pilot Thep; . graphs s
Yet poses? Hoy. can the governy Khrushchev c gild have b i
Was Needed, for Khruslklk Evi- rnnt tolerate, this photographs mac! ~ by Sov z air
craft. No adr;,i "ors need rv-e
Ind then he adiv ed us to
denee of S flight Could Have Bee- "pftzck up your courage and say been made
Spy es, they e was such ardisgraceful Our admissl,. is life or!
Faked-Damage to Our Allies. fart And this is a big disgrace of disastrous t many c cur
d have invented an for America since everyone sees allies. Kh1llahc,.ev thl e .tened
now how disgraced in the eyes the ambassador:; of Norway and
By BRIG. GEN. cans other would
,,,n?1~ ,,,,r1.d1 are those Pakist. n at Czechoslovak
oslova tills judgment.
V in a n y ong glory at a Czec
t ' em ssy reception n Moscow.
c do b p 'o
To .,It is said that th was the th6 - arid"%ldt g~ qU'1 1 t,t
To Skis of Conti a?ctio work of the military hoe fold a r enfi al-
Al 1,
4
an a s the Supreme nown that a U-2 plane was given. It was implied that tl.c clared: 'In such cases wt- h^vr
the right to t,~} any n c 14uics
Soviet May Ili.Khrushchev said:. lnisWng. As a result of the in- wa lti l anti ":"= ti
"It has beep:iestablished that this quirt' ordered by the President, T'he United States has rr against bases and a rfi ,o s a. n(1,
plane that dtbssed the state iron- it has been established that, and'dt9i!''n'fit Aw fhis respc, can deal then, Such a hk v frail
tier of the,. Soviet Union was insofar as the authorities are sibility" for the defense of t'i nothing will b-~ left of them."
coming either from Turkey, Iran concerned, there was no authori- 'free world, Herter said.. Empty Boasts.
or Pakistan."' ?" zation for any such flights as How did the United States l ;
The are ?nl,ty t be
walked i-g,~, teenier issu ,'shpt 'statement: As neceiSity;felt tberti was, declar the Soviet n ister of o
most humiliating aspect of the photographs developed from the t was given. Ihe~., v._ s a
loss of the U-2 reconnaissance film taken from the plane. admiss * tl a: inteiI r cnct, fli,
si,n1nne-near Sverdlovsk May 1 .. 'No Authorization.' had been under vvay during
Post.-Dispatch. plane's photographic and elec- have to aim o rockets at
1VASHINGTON, May 18-The tronic equipment, and he showed took Khrushc
career, his pay of $2,5N a month W110 Uu?uu,w ..,,. .
.Military c, rue the ? of
y Analyst of the p act of age a ?'' ~-i aliowud to c
the, equipment he carried, the The latest, kfertcr statement bases in their entries c xti
The United States swallowed described by Mr. Khrushchev. , (i itself involved in such contract ,
the bait. The National Aero- "Nevertheless," the statement ; tion--first it was a weather flit cause apect!-at the ha s or
nautics and Space Administration continued,. "it appears that in ! in Tur our allies -sc would t
released the same da a circum- ltey and next the plar;c to by a full-sc,te strik
day endeavoring to obtain informa-may have gone astray on its
the Soviet Union. Ines v, the
stantial statement detailing how tion . now concealed behind the autom ,pi} ; then the flight ,
thr t' uteri
a weather research aircraft had warning would enable
Iron Curtain a flight over Soviet ,was without authorization and States to mal.c the tic + rte
been missing :since 9 a.m. Sun- terr tort' was probably under- 1 next it ptq igiuthorized generally,
day, May 1, "when the pilot re- taken by an unarmed civilian '.but net $peCgically Wmptive strike. The Sov .trat
, by the never be carried o u'
ported he was having oxygen u-2 plane." President?
difficulties over the Lake Van, But lNorway, Paki , ac c:
This did not satisfy the clamor Confusion and Panic. Turkey have evave e common t r' e
Turkey, area." at home. Why was the flight Tu
) It - c
Flight Course sported. the first place and appears a that there was con with the Soviet Unto,. Ti denied in ,inn
F.. ~,n,. and n nit in Wa.hin,,tnn v th ,
m e uaie eu *114 '"?' then admitted? wny was it un- ,~
glv 1e rfan a an- An who was in the Mid- the fear nt anmhitatio
... dertaken at SUiteh a critical time ' the time of Khrush ha t art'
cas In vverv c.ouiiiry I
May 3,4 United States gtiMAaj it of his Administration direc-
AerpoautGS and Space~eftg@nfO'tivtah to gather by every possible
unarmed weather rese~- eiimeans the information required
basedt at Ad %oa rotect the United States and
Department announced that the made, by 'Secretary of State
American Ambassador in Mos,'Cbt'istian A. Herter. It was now
cow had delivered *g note to the Adinitted that the flight had been
Soviet Foreign Ministryitating:'~tudlsorized. "The President has
"As already annolxncetd lkinif-put into effect since the begin
t raoznn a nra,ya, it uesc?j,,,"? before the sumn41t conference: !I chev's first announcement lam -
was given of the aircraft, how'How'could such a flight be un- ;! 1 I political elements again ne al
dertaken without authorization of the Po sit that Saffaals Hance with the United tafi?s.
it obtained information of clear-
air turbulence, convective clouds the suthoritiea.poncerned? there aye hitp the wine apparent F er:;rry governments n :y br
and- wifs'tl shear and that it could Admitted Now. t as out out in apparent oven erred.
fly for four hours at 55,000 feet good' r~ iQ NASA. s ~,n r. that ho-tii 1,
Late yesterday, after a brief-
altitude, Ing of selected members of Con- This was an matur{ ova, ?c nay ht earl
The following day, the State gress, a further statement was st
everything at
parts of the plap/tc
war. waitiat&, sxt;XJ4y their defense," the statement;
he again add'J'rgse~ eeme pays.
soviet. "Cbmrafl~y I ;mus 1 "Programs,". the statement
you a'Acret," 11e said, continues, "have. been developed
I, was making my c report i and, put `into operation which
liberately lido not .alt ,, that, the have. "included surveillance by
pilot was alive, a in p unat#ated civilian aircraft, nor-
health and that we have gM,ma#f of a peripheral character
'ushgv `snake effective preparationo;+for,
7r armed aircraft," the statement
that the U-2 had been forced
down inside the Soviet Union
when it was reported missing
from its destination in Norway.
Possibify it was thought that the
pilot bad blown up his plane and
himse ?s h#? was ,expected to
do.,
This was obviously the cover
story to 'accouht for the presence
of these airplanes ii -area
and perhaps the locaPofficia's
regard these is as a , cyr,'.
 Approved For Release 2004/05/13 : CIA-RDP90T00782R000100080001-5
tai is of American Intel- ~ masses of it. I plan` fhin
so lnna as 1 - rom 11, to 19
0y are denied W airfields and strial es 6.1 h J%Yy per ancp of tf ,f re- ments and, roan;; So-
We kno'.
4e
'n '$` C 8
1Mt
t`
r
Et
as. There +is
die for` the dissident pa y`.'to # iey shoulc
nrasp. ever` become get4.`
Norway is the weakest of the ja,t
as soon as proof of th? o~ rr
flight was in the Kr' itliri s
hands.
The issue was made io
with escape clauses. One r~.n
imagine the clamor. the "v ,o
told you so's," the parade
indignation of this ortl:od.,i
group when Washington dealt
as it did deal with ai] tide
escape clauses which Khris
shchev had offered. Quite
possibly, Khrushchev hint
self fell unable to defy tii
Kremlin consensus Ill o r e
probably, he did not to
do so.
THE Baku speech had
clearly indicated that there
would be hot arguments at
the summit. The new Kreni-
lin consensus called for no
summit at all. The new de-
cision of the Presidium was
telegraphed ahead, though
few understood the message,
by Marshal Vershinin's sud.
den abandonment of !i i s
American visit. And Khru-
shchev came to Paris with a
prepared brief drafted with
the specific purpose of blow-
ing the summit conference
higher than a kite before It
began.
Cor+ gr,= 1450 iv.:cc Yn.a
C,- rrit nilf Jr,,
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 Approved For Release 2004/0513 : CIA lKDb90T00782R000100080001-5
WILLIAM S. WHITE
Putt
Exagger. tors L 4 .. tp Quit Buying
Khrushcev's Melodra-~iatc Rubbs
The people who ought to tive. Yes, it was a bad busi-
k~.e side of the United ness. But has a Communist
Statesdoing more them dictatorship that has looted
its en l- to destroy its i jr and murdere# across calf of
fluencthe irreplacea rope'riow l ecoit
an
we
et
d
sa YC y _~_
g
together an
The reference, of c~ a airplane incident, revealed that The Unite 1 t propuch flights has. of course, been Tuesday' satellite legationd: The Hr
discussed at the top level and "Espionage and intelligence- committee in a: xecer~t re, c
a policy adopted. General au-1
re not som~thing says
th
:
i
thority to carry them on was
delegated. The United States
overnment, under this or
other administration, is
lik!ly to be lulled into
inust be grounded and America
mi:t take the chance of being
ur jected to surpKi attack
wi h missiles that cast nuclear
',V c t pons,
:fortunately, criticism from
Co egress is more restrained
an I sensible. The Admi;,istra-
are merely by-products of the
that Communist
n
lows logically when nations
cannot trust each other. . .
"Nikita Khrushahev cannot
use this incident in such a way
as to divide the American
people and to weaken our na-
tional strength. The American
t d in a deter-
they haveH t the situ.,.-
through these later
They are entitled to the hi; 5~
co'nlmendatiofi by the,~depa:'-
ment and the Congress
the American people.
"We carmot pera ,anot. ;
Korea. We cannot
of carnage and na
seiv-es."
g
people must corittliug"tp i says the A n
mb f- .n
ua inat-I the Wes ..vim- LnaL
ter with this friend the?" will not
M d be divi
says about the serious-
ness of any violations of Rus-
sian "sovereignty" by the flights
of the U-2 type of plane?
Clearly Mr. Khrushchev had
reason for stirring up a fuss
aW. First, he wanted to pre_
milt Mr. Eisenhower from going
W the Soviet Union this sum-
mer. The Soviet Prr mien was
AfraiA +i,,.._._,
e at s send
note of protest to lthetDeparta
ment of State throh his Em-
he bassy now and say in 1 ug959alI that
But if the flights over Russia
are as serious a matter as the
Soviet Premier now pretends,
why didn't
v aewced in the United S'=ties
and of the high standard of
living enjoyed by the workers
here. Now, for instanc=e, could
the Soviet Government afford,
without taking big risks intern-
ally to let Mr. Eisenhower speak
er the television and radio for
Amtheeri same length of time that
was to fin t r'ou `"
a reason fur
eell
a
1
c
rl of th ti
erp. lino
had been Publicized. he crnldt:
lifflh aw fraternize whit 'I
ir>; i
s and
Carr:
rley i he,jhcad : c .
sly
at~'fo 1117,
erwa n itsei
apes
t
and h
.
ence x1
r,
Khrushc ev had to a ear veryl
"rI "about'.', and
V#, lac Pia t to
French,' and
'`f%n that:
the Soviet Premier is getti
ng
ready to make a separate peace
with East Germany and to com
Plicate the European situation
further.
War of Nerves Seen
In that event
the W
,
estern
allies t3 ilI have to decide
whether they will submit to the
expltsion of thei
from r armed fm r_es
Wc;t Bealln-and i!
anythi tch
ng could happen itn
likely it Would be a period of
high tension-a sort of a-ar of
nerves. Khrushchev, like Hitler
is capable of ,,-,...:.__ ,
eyes and ears of tl "I""I". `i1e1to extremes 'flu i s ~lic Z rr?
People. For they tt iRussian)are fears that, ,.
at first hand from ,d Plearn dicta orsi p5 ma a~airi o npe i;. m?~.
dent of the United? -es ros` 1'he t+oft me olordv
simple facts the sope
3t 1u call
Soviet -: a co--ed f su -
press and radio
have kept fr a:ai A, the chatu es of su Y. s,
them by governme om
nt order, ico"itin9c"CY bee I a il,ji,.
Eisenhower, it was feared, f d
would tell about the ira . f tscession.
! osthe ~ Ru? ld-ssian tt tde p
ma t
of speech, freedom of u ee- logical to assume hax
do u and
ship,and freedom of the a t'cst
and PressIr-, h.i cf h, nth;r th,_
an last autumn?
W'1960,N 1-
Ines may fi;:d t cow-
voice !heir t_oppo2 tune
protests b
y m(a:
,
as o cbi~rer` m195rur1tzons .t,?
MeanwI>ile, Republican.F; aril
Democrats are uniting to prr.
cent a common front t-o T hr , -
shchev If diplomatic rdati>>,i
are severed. itt will ffe don=: on, ?
after ?I,...
ii
Khrushchev when hc ;aite !leaders of bo;ii 1,aI iinc Iif. Cr
~meI'IC `+ted ~ grPS~
e No Protest hostility w.. e sto show
sh
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''1iG10
on the Spot ' it has ma, ,V& t
diffietlf- zs I 1 ink r
the Russians ut. littie by little to
Western view, he has constantly been
fighting a-rear-guard action with those
ton who have been deter-
in Washin
g
By _V Marga s Childs mined to block any treaty. In this co
~_.w ....
GENEVA-The incidents of the past "text the Gettysburg announcement is
few days are readymade for those who ' seen as the latest attempt to sabota o
want to continue the cold war and who the negotiation. While no one will sr,y
have persistently by every means sought this officially, it is the view of observer-
4.
In Geneva Talks
to prevent any mean-
ingful negotiation with
the Soviet Union. Here
in Geneva, where a
negotiation has been
going on for 18 months,
this is seen in the
sharpest and most dra-
matic fashion.
T h e announc el -t
from Ge ys'Thirg by
close to the conference for many mont,
No one would accuse President Eis'
bower of such an intention. But sip
he has not followed at close range
complex negotiations he must take
lead from one faction-or'another.
while the committee of principals d
ing with this matter at the top levy
government in Washington is repor
in favor of a test treaty with proper
spection and control by a majori:
;
President Eisenhower `, ur to one, the minority in the P.
that the United States Childs gan and the Atomic Energy Co-mm t,
efulnesr
intends to resume nuclear explosiar : iias shown great resour,
for research purposes fits the pattern. blocking tactics.
It was made without any notice to the
American delegation. More important, r HERE SHOULD be no illusions h
it came as the three powers-Great Bri. about the situation the Un
tair., the United States and the Sovie? i'.me ,. ates confronts. If a treaty fails to
Union-were trying to get agreeme; v'-reed to because, ,61' what seem to i;
on a joint program of research into irr? v uctionist tactics from the Ameri
proved methods for detecting nuclear r,e or if a treaty is rejected by -
explosions. nate,, the Western alliance will
What is little understood is the , lit apart and the United States
in which the Sovig have mas]p , the position of standing almost a,
concession ate,K ~;p icr, coming. around 'he world. Here are the reasons i
time after ~t9 to W esteem v,o 'she Conservative government in
They began by saying they would i ` {,n has never wavered in the deter ,.
discuss any control system until afte it Ion to get a tr'eat,y that would n k a
treaty on general principles had been tnc beginning of inspection behind
t signed. After four nfonths they agrt - ii It,. Curtain and perhaps the begs
to talk about how a control syste,.r of a pattern of disarmament. They
would function in the Soviet Union n;;, nt:de the risk of some cheating un1:
the United States, any control system, but they believe
They came around to agreeing to is minimal and is heavily outwer
discussion by scientists from each cnun- by the gain of a be_ .nning at inspec
try on the problem of underground a' I control,
identification. Having said they would t~pinion in Britain is virtually unto
never agree to a threshold and a mora- 'o ,us on this score, as it is in the Scan-
torium outside a .11'ttolear test treaty on din o ran countries, West Germany and
explosions below that threshold, they most of Asia and Africa. furthermore
finally accepted this position. Thethe British here believe that it would
would never accept. our criteria for de. have been possible to get a treaty tvit',
tection which they, called "absurd," but adequate guarantees any time durir
they accepted them. the past nine months if it had not beet,
America's delaying tactics.
WITH LITERALLY dozens of conces
sions by the Soviets, the outline of s
trie`aty has evolve: Major issues-the
number of inspections ;in each country,
the make-up of a control commission,
the length of the moratorium-remain
to be determined presumably by the
heads of government when they meet
in Paris.
The American negotiator through all
these long, trying months has been
James J. Wadsworth, who is deputy
head of the American delegation to the
United Nations. Wadsworth's V estern
colleagues say he has shown more skill,
patience and persistence in dealing with
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These Days . . .~~'1 . B G Qr a E. Sokols
is always the .&his,country,..One`i3 tom- ui Lfie,a, iri udt,~~ ,
same task. A T giisb d+ u skilled bee use its xvork i ,st h,=
ESPIONAGE is a Wt of th$t, khtqyres allegiance tains a United States govern
AF 49
ry sititry of so- ment-in-exile in Mexico City.
and norfnal activity _q,,#pv.,.top n}p
ernment. All goveer~a$Q Russia. Every SHE United States engag
engage in it, accor46g - fanembvr~LQlfctbAt Party~,liter- in as~ionage the same as ar
their means ally is a spy upon the United other government. Its prince
~nd their pur- States, but not every member pal agency for this work is
poses. It is is sufficiently intelligent for the CIA, the Central lntclli
often referred espionage which is one of the gence Agency, a verb secret
?: urn body. The Army, Navy, Air
to by such most skilled professions on Y?
Fancy mes earth, ;ovsi;ipg abilities far Force and State Department
as intelli ence beyond mpst,men. also gather information as t,,
o r informa- Therefore Soviet Russia em- all similar agencies of all g
nhtits twn.other. aireScies in ernmgnts. The e!Iec ties ,
Espionage Is Normal Activity
co m?p e t e n t and even brilliant A ericans secret and it is m npos,rh:
agent does not 50 ' ,fit ~ se I l "d4R1S Such to know how mt.xc h of it c
get caught. He corrim~s} as. a 4 nbergs evaluation of subjects is ac
tide or he melts away. A apy were is ?epgnt and cepted by the Stale Depart
that is caught deserves death their organize efforts made ment and the President who
from either s When one it ngssibIg for Sovi. t Russia make policy.
engages'in such activities, he to spy on the Manhattan "'THe'nI also perform, art
knows what he is doing. ,die Project. 1 tiu< atop ail+i#m t function in thi:,
knows that there are prat- was 4x pan m a h+ !-%#Ar5t,,, t deals with counter
tically no very significant re t f~ LanyYyOti;e within the Uni+cc
q~~ rs a es Its functio? is to die
wards, except the satisfact' h fife
tate Dcpai tmen-
falsg information. a is valu- C ;i a o > ials. Our
ship fnr leads Also ha is an` ro sion?i ,n one of the s upidest ant;
a double age - e ; Qericans i'~JLUSIClir, 111dncs d ?;u -
agent 's kni ~c$e i a direct toss over the American air
as sure and is ~a1t lssian~ an caught as a spy in tht,
4
of having served his c cover w ,a ' I " , . " , "
pis not to rofess a ca t ~-'O'untries :-.c doing in th,
His job
W, United Statn~. but the FBI i 4N e
often works f it side ' eou a m " ei has also permute to make arrest.
and sometimes r s ova Aluatle informa only on order of the Attorn+~~
sometimes watched and tailed who ale engaged in this busi most unnecessary releases, as
in the hope that he will lead ness. Each of the Warsaw Pact mitted his espionage. To re
to the real man, his employer. embassies, both in Washing- taliate, the FBI should he
SOVIET Russia has main- ton and at the United Na- 'instructed to pick i:p a dozen
tained an open and a secret tions in New York, is engaged or so Soviet spies immedi
espionage corps in this coun- in the usual espionage activi- ately, including a few Amer
try, at least, since 1920. The ties. ican-born Russian agents. `I'w
open espionage corps is the Attention must always h^ ought to be able to play a,
Communist Party of the called to the fart 'hat thfl this game.
t'nited. States. Every member Communist Party An Mai,, corvz,?hc,,. ti, e .. ?"'
so-,,c F~ r.,~
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4
These Days e . . . By George E. Sok'lSk
Spies on the Record
ANDREI Gromyko said
that Soviet Russia did not 'for-*verseas assignment. Nov-
employ spies in the United ikov also requested informa-
States. Gromyko had lived in tion about U. S. intelligence
,
military personnel destined ?ing of the second
in April, 1951.
Verber and Ponger con-
tinued their Soviet intel]i-
gence efforts, operating in
Austria and West Germans,
until apprehended in Vienna
by U. S. military authorities
in January, 1953. Arraigned
at Washington, D. C., Verhi,
dP
before he be
preparations for war or de-
Lense, and the current loca-
viet Minister ~t wyr `tine ?a defe t
a c
i t -a_
e
v
fairs, a posi-
tion he now
holds. There
is a long rec-
ord of espio-
nage. Here is
a case:
On the evening of April 12,
1951, a lone male emerged
from the darkness and made
his way to the base of the
Washington Monument` in
Washington. On his left hand
he wore a glove, a strip " of
adhesive tape circled the
middle finger of his right
hand, and he carried a red-
covered book under his left
an onger pleaded not "I! IIN7
man then in this counthy., ;4 to a secret indictment
IN. Vienna, Austria, two Federal grand jury cha; ; n c
naturalized' citizen5`of''the U. them with conspiracy to cnn.
S_r_Kurt__L, Ponger and Otto, mit espionage. Novikov was
Verber, knew of the meeting
between Novikov and Mr. Z
and had;: in fact, been instru-
mental in making arrange-
ments for the event.
Ponger and Verber had re-
turned to Austria with their
named in the indictment a:r
a co-conspirator, whereupon
Novikov was declared per-
sona non grata by the State
Department. lie left the
United States en route to the
Soviet Union soon there-
after.
Ailtirican Army in Europe- ON BEING confron'ed
du ing World War II. Igqea,rI with information indicating
19 ..Ponger was recruit+edin specific knowledge of their
Vienna by Soviet intelligence activities abroad, Verber and
and- shortly thereafter, in pongee,, changed their pleas
March, 1949, he recruited Vert' t
il
o gu
ty. In 3une, 1953, they
arm. This man was Mr. Z.. her, his brother-in-law, for were sentenced and impris
(fictitious), who was employed' the same kind of work. Ver- tined In U. S. Federal peni-
In a sensitive position by a her, in turn, recruited lair 7~? tentiaries. Verber received a
United ;States Government then an employe of American sentence of 3 years, 4 month'
agency. Moments later,' he Forces in Austria assigned to
was joined by Yuri Novikov, intelligence '-}'ork. After that, to 10 years, while Ponger
Second Secretary at the' So- Verber had frequent contact was sentenced to serve a
viet Embassy in Washington. with Mr. Z and obtained cer- term of from 5 to 15 years.
This meeting signified the thin data from him concern- ` And Mr. Z? Mr. Z, thrrri 'rn-
initial effort to out the operations- involving
American soil, a Sovietespi-
onage apparatus developed in
Austria in 1948. This appa-
ratus had been under the
watchful eyes of our military
authorities abroad for two
years.
From that night on, through
the spring of 1952, Novikov
met on 12 occasions with Mr.
Z at numerous meeting places
in Washington. Information
which Novikov solicited from
Mr. Z on behalf of Russia in-
cluded data relating to the
American Air Force person-
nel stationed abroad, morale
among Air Force officers and
enlisted personnel, Air Force
interrogation techniques, the
identity of the American in-
telligence sources, the iden-
tity of fellow employes of Mr.
2 and the names of American
policies, activities and other
information pertaining to U.
S. Forces in Austria. In De-
cember, 1950, however, Mr. Z.
Verber's principal source of
intelligence information, left
Europe on transfer to the
United States. Ponger and
Verber persuaded Mr. Z to
continue as a member of the
Soviet espionage ring in con-
nection with his new post in
the United States.
They paid Mr. Z a special
bonus on behalf of their So-
viet masters, relayed Soviet
praises for his valuable as- ?
sistance, and issued final in-
structions to Mr. Z concern-
ing his proposed first meet-
ing with his new principal
at the Washington Monu-
ment. This is the meeting
which occurred on the even.
Verber, Ponger. and Novi
kov, maintained the illusion
of conspiracy. While Verber.
Ponger, and Novikov greedily
contemplated, even greater
achievements by Mr. Z, Z en-
riched the Treasury of the
United States by several
thousands of dollars emanat-
ing from Russian hands, He
also furnished information
and made observations of in
estimable value to the IB!
in the course of its invf".ti-
gation,
Copyrigh'... ISC;a. Kine ?'ea I,.., o;.
Syndicate, Inc
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Don't Get Caught
THERE are Ten Commandmetlts and an
eleventh.
By Lys- Q-4
Powers? I 'as the pilot,
der orders t., t rm hi,
rnative to seizure b,
from in airplane miles above the Soviex; 3' r'
T~Jhds political capital the incident is examined in relaiYnion its imuact of, uresidential politics. If the incident
tsYr Amenb2% y a~u audbwnamericanand 'talkative-, to;
w t
4
Politicians pray for an exploitable issue. It locks like the
Democrats have one.
Towers for lei
Nikita S. Khrushchev baited his trap skillfully. At-Ameri-
can airplane had been spotted and shot down. It had scien-
tific equipment and was far inside the borders of thQ USSR. Vice President Richard M. Nixon will suffer fur that.
The U. S. Government gulped the bait like a hungry trout. if suffering thew is to be. Peace and prosp-orit}? are the
Our side said the airplane was a stray, its pilot probably ass upon 1Rhicn the Republicans are maneuvering to
incapacitated by failure of 1}! n equipment, its rots- can in this eiectioh year. Validity of the peace issue
lion weather and atmospherg% ations. Nothing more. - nd very nst th-.i, next autumn's presidential cam-
W., ~....:., ?.:.~3:Y 4,,.mnnv.~?.,r~ -f
?a- .le.:
evidence was suffi nt to cott2 the Unitmd tates to
change its story. there went another commandment
because the first e lanation of.Pilot Francis G. Powers'
ntission surely shattered that one about bearing false
\B itne,ss.
,
a ins atie The dying liltera, a .
be his pictures of Soviet Unign ry t H--
W" al happens now is anybody's guess. 'T'here will he
sane questions asked, \Ciiy, for example, was ti married
man aeeeptc?d or such dt;r, ;r3 'was 1,;Iof
?cheMed visit to the'Sovlet Usikii' ll determine la; gely
how readily U. S. voters will accept;the campaign ar irneni
that it is to the Republican Party that the nation must look
If the voters ,eject that campaign argument there%ril bc.
some major dia,iges made here in Washington ns-
tion I)a'
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what urp tea t.e' t+Y99ILIi]mi cquesen a is g up )uiui we question 01
t
, under the conference table.
reelection button. If. so.
to make use of that device? Who