SOVIET ARMS DELIVERIES TO THE THIRD WORLD IN 1987

• Document Type: CREST
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• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 20, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 1, 1988
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate ot ? LI3?.1 IG
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HQS ADHOC REQUIREMENTS).
Soviet Arms Deliveries to the
- Third World in 1987
A Reference Aid
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Secret
GI 88-10051
May 1988
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aecret
Intelligence
* Q
Soviet Arms Deliveries to the
Third World in 1987
A Reference Aid
This paper was prepared by
, drawing on the
in the International Security Issues Division, Office
of Global Issues
Comments and queries are welcome and may be
directed to the Chief, Arms Transfer Branch, OGI,
Reverse Blank
Secret
GI 88-10051
May 1988
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Preface
Information available
as of 4 April 1988
was used in this report.
Reverse Blank
Soviet Arms Deliveries to the
Third World in 1987
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The values for Soviet arms deliveries in this volume 25X1
were calculated using a methodology that has been coordinated with the
Intelligence Community.
111
Secret
GI 88-10051
May 1988
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necrei
Contents
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Page
Preface
111
Overview
1
Key Developments in 1987
1
Regional Highlights in 1987
2
Middle East and North Africa
2
Asia
4
Sub-Saharan Africa
5
Latin America
6
Appendixes
A. East European Arms Deliveries to the Third World in 1987
9
B. Estimated Current Value of Soviet Military Deliveries to the
Third World
11
C. Estimated Constant 1987 Value of Soviet Military Deliveries to the
Third World
13
D. Tonnage of Soviet Military Deliveries to the Third World
15
E. Major Military Equipment Delivered to the Third World, 1986
17
F. Major Military Equipment Delivered to the Third World, 1987
19
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Figure 1
Third World Recipients of Soviet Arms
- 1977
Mongolia
Mor0C
Egypt
Guinea-Bissau
Pakistan
e e
S. emen
Banal
Guinea
Ethiopi
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OCCI CL
Soviet Arms Deliveries to the
Third World in 1987
Overview
Soviet arms deliveries to the Third World rose in real
terms in 1987 for the first time in five years, edging
up 6 percent to almost $19 billion.' Moscow remained
the leading supplier of weapons to the Third World,
shipping twice as many arms as the United States?
the second-leading supplier?despite a sharp rise in
US deliveries, which was due partly to the handing
over of several AWACS aircraft to Saudi Arabia and
Egypt (see figure 1). The tonnage of Soviet exports of
military goods rose by about 14 percent to 525,000
metric tons. In addition to arms previously exported,
Moscow delivered for the first time the SA-16 sur-
face-to-air missile, the MI-35 attack helicopter, and
the M1976 howitzer (see figures 2, 3, and 4).
Key Developments in 1987
While Soviet arms transfers overall were up, Mos-
cow's collective deliveries to its eight Marxist-Leninist
clients fighting insurgencies rose most sharply and
now account for about 40 percent of its arms exports.
? Afghanistan and Angola received large amounts of
arms to replace heavy combat losses. Estimates of
Kabul's arms inventory and of Soviet deliveries
indicate Afghanistan may have replaced almost all
of its light armored vehicle fleet during the year.
Kabul and Luanda also received large numbers of
aircraft and helicopters.
? Soviet arms shipments to Ethiopia rebounded from
the low in 1986 after a new arms deal was signed.
Cambodia also received a sharp increase in arms
deliveries, possibly reflecting an effort to strengthen
Phnom Penh's forces in anticipation of the Vietnam-
ese force withdrawal planned for 1990.
' All values are in constant 1987 dollars unless otherwise indicated.
Previous published estimates of values were in constant 1986
dollars.
1
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Figure 2
Value of Soviet and US Arms Deliveries
to the Third World, 1983-87
Billion current US $
0 USSR total
0 US total
CI USSR grants
0 US grants
20
15
10
1983 84 85 86 87
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3'70235-88 25X1
? Deliveries to Nicaragua, Mozambique, Laos, and
Vietnam remained at a high level. Almost all deliv-
eries consisted of consumables, such as ammunition,
and other basic items, such as trucks, to support
continuing operations.
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As far as developments in exports of major weapon
systems are concerned:
? Soviet deliveries of helicopters rose sharply to near
the peak of 1983. Included for the first time was the
"Hind E," which defense attache reporting indi-
cates has been designated the MI-35 for export
purposes.
? Moscow delivered 151 fighter aircraft to LDCs, a
sharp drop from the 202 shipped in 1986. Soviet
fighter exports remain well below the levels of the
early 1980s, when many nations were bolstering
Secret
their air forces. Exports of field and air defense
artillery also appear to have fallen, although Mos-
cow delivered the long-range 152-mm M1976 field
gun, for the first time, to Iraq.
? A record number of large surface-to-air missile
launchers were delivered in 1987. Nations in all
parts of the world received SAMs from Moscow,
highlighting the widespread focus in the Third
World on improving air defense capabilities.
? Third World nations received roughly the same
number of tanks and other armored vehicles as in
1986. India took delivery of more than 200
T-72M1s and T-72M1 assembly kits to upgrade the
capabilities of its large armored forces. Most other
armor exports went to replace losses of nations
fighting wars. Soviet deliveries of warships also held
steady in 1987 (see table 1).
Deliveries of basic items?support equipment, small
arms, ammunition, and spare parts?rose and ac-
counted for all of the increase in Soviet arms deliver-
ies in 1987. The tonnage and value of exports of these
items rose by 15 percent, while the total tonnage and
value of major weapons held roughly steady. In part,
the increased focus on basic items reflects the rise in
deliveries to Marxist clients at war who need large
quantities of consumables. In addition, most Third
World nations are having difficulty paying for expen-
sive new weapons, and some countries that built up
their inventories of major arms in the 1970s and early
1980s are now focusing more on maintaining these
forces rather than on adding new capabilities.
Regional Highlights in 1987
Middle East and North Africa
The Middle East and North Africa region accounted
for the largest share of Soviet arms deliveries to the
Third World in 1987?about 38 percent?but this
2
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Table 1
Identified Items of Major Military Equipment Delivered to the
Third World by the USSR, 1983-87
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
Fighters/jet trainers
389
494
185
202
151
Helicopters
199
137
155
118
175
SAM Launchers a
256
161
328
170
389
Air defense artillery (>20mm)
728
382
58
212
102
Main battle tanks
860
695
917
760
738
Other armored vehicles
2,147
1,266
1,366
1,617
1,521
Field artillery (>100mm) b
736
617
396
677
524
Large warships/submarines
4
7
2
4
3
Patrol boats/minesweepers
26
40
39
17
21
a Excluding man-portable SAMs.
b Including Scud, Frog, and SS-21 missile launchers, but not
missiles.
share was the lowest in at least 10 years. Moreover,
this region was the only one to see a drop in the value
of Soviet arms deliveries in 1987, the sixth straight
year of decline. Substantial declines in Soviet arms
deliveries to Iraq, Libya, and Jordan accounted for
almost all of the drop in Moscow's military exports to
the region. Deliveries to Baghdad fell by more than a
billion dollars, or 29 percent, although this probably
does not represent a decline in Moscow's commit-
ment. Iraq remains the largest recipient of Soviet
arms in the world, and Moscow's deliveries to it have
risen and fallen in alternate years since 1981?
possibly reflecting a routine pattern of deliveries
under two-year contracts. In addition, East European
nations increased their exports of ground arms to Iraq
in 1987, taking up some of the slack in Soviet
deliveries. The 58-percent drop in deliveries to Libya
probably was due partly to Tripoli's declining willing-
ness to pay hard currency for arms. Deliveries to
Jordan fell because Amman's major order?for SA-8
and SA-13 SAMs and other air defense equipment?
was largely filled in the previous two years.
Soviet arms exports to most other nations in the
Middle East and North Africa rose or held steady in
1987. Syria received the largest increase in Soviet
arms aid, including 21 MIG-29 fighters, 28 self-
propelled howitzers, and more than $1 billion of other
military equipment and materiel. The rise in deliver-
ies came after Moscow forgave part of Damascus's
military and civil debt and rescheduled payment on
the remainder. Soviet arms deliveries to Egypt again
consisted almost totally of trucks, but the reschedul-
ing of Cairo's arms debt improved the prospects for
limited future sales of combat arms. North and South
Yemen both received hefty increases in Soviet arms
aid last year. Moscow sent Sana SU-22 fighter air-
craft to replace accident losses and also sent SS-21
surface-to-surface missiles. North Yemen is only the
second LDC, after Syria, to have the SS-21. Oil
production is beginning in North Yemen, which may
be making Sana a more attractive customer to Mos-
cow, and the Soviets also are trying to improve ties to
3
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Three Soviet Weapons Systems
Newly Exported in 1987
MI-35 "Hind E"
M1976 "Perm" Gun
The MI-35 "Hind E" is a heavily armed assault
helicopter that can carry up to 12 AT-6 radio guided,
tube-launched antitank missiles and has more power-
ful engines than the previously exported Hind D.
SA-16 "Iglu" Surface-to-Air Missile
The SA-16 man-portable surface-to-air missile is an
improved version of the SA-14. It has a maximum
range of 6 kilometers and a maximum altitude of
5500 meters. The SA-16 can successfully engage
aircraft in both frontal and rear aspect
The M1976 152-mm towed field gun fires a high
explosive projectile to a maximum range of 27,000
meters and is mounted on a s lit trail carriage with a
small shield.
Sana. South Yemen received eight SU-22 fighters
and several dozen light armored vehicles, probably to
replace losses from the 1986 coup and to preserve a
measure of military balance between the two Yemens.
A-14 surface-to-air
rst arms export to the
The USSR also delivered
missiles to Abu Dhabi, its
UAE
Asia
Asia remained the second-leading region for Soviet
arms exports, with more than 34 percent of deliveries.
Deliveries to Asia rose to $6.5 billion, a record for the
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1980s. India was the largest recipient of Soviet arms
in Asia last year, with $2.3 billion in deliveries,
mainly from large orders placed over the last several
years. Unlike most recipients of Soviet arms, New
Delhi's imports consist mainly of major weapons.
India received a variety of major arms in 1987?
MIG-29 fighters, T-72M1 tanks, AN-32 transport
aircraft, and a Kilo-class submarine, for example?
that made up three-fourths of the value of Moscow's
deliveries. Soviet arms deliveries to Afghanistan also
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Figure 4
Value of Soviet Arms Delivered to the
Third 'World by Region, 1983-87
Billion donstant US $
M Asia O Middle East
lLJ Sub-Saharan Africa O Latin America
25
20
15
10
5
0 1983 84 85 86 87
317025 5-88
rose to $1.5 billion, a 5-percent increase over the
record level in 1986. The rise resulted from an
increased tempo of insurgent activity and a need to
replace Kabul's heavy losses of aircraft, helicopters,
and armor. Moscow may also have been trying to
build up Kabul's forces in anticipation of a withdraw-
al from Afghanistan.
Soviet military aid to the three Indo-Chinese nations
rose about 15 percent in 1987 to more than $2.4
billion. Cambodia and Laos appear to have taken
most of the increase, although Vietnam still account-
ed for four-fifths of deliveries to the region. As in the
5
past four years, only 10 to 15 percent of Moscow's aid
consisted of major arms, such as SAM launchers and
warships, highlighting the huge amounts of muni-
tions, support equipment, and spare parts needed just
to sustain Hanoi's million-man armed forces and war
efforts
Sub-Saharan Africa
The value of Soviet military deliveries to Sub-Saha-
ran Africa rose substantially in 1987 to $2.7 billion,
making it the third-leading region for Soviet arms
exports. Most of the increase was accounted for by the
sharp rebound in deliveries to Ethiopia as Moscow
began fulfilling a new arms contract. Addis Ababa
received $925 million in arms in 1987?up from $220
million in 1986?including more than 100 T-55 tanks
and 10 MI-35 helicopters. The value of deliveries to
Mozambique fell to $125 million. Most shipments
consisted of consumables, but Moscow also sent three
transport helicopters. Maputo signed a new arms deal
with Moscow last year, but deliveries are only begin-
ning to pick up.
Soviet deliveries to Angola remained at a high level in
1987, reaching $1.45 billion. The value of deliveries
has averaged more than $1 billion since 1983. Angola
is now the leading recipient of Soviet arms in Sub-
Saharan Africa in the 1980s, surpassing Ethiopia.
Soviet arms aid has added notable quantities of
relatively sophisticated weapons to Angola's arsenal,
including 10 MIG-23 interceptors and 17 MI-25/35
attack helicopters. The arrival of large numbers of
SAMs?SA-2s, SA-3s, and SA-13s?and associated
radars highlighted Moscow's continuing effort to up-
grade Luanda's air defense network in the face of
South African air attacks.
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Tanzania and Uganda also received significant in-
creases in Soviet arms deliveries. Moscow shipped 6 25X1
BTR-60 and 15 BRDM-2 armored vehicles and eight
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Changes in Soviet Seaborne Deliveries in 1987
Several major developments occurred in the pattern
of Soviet seaborne arms deliveries to the Third
World in 1987. In addition to changes on a global
scale, Soviet seaborne deliveries to two key clients,
Iraq and Nicaragua, adjusted quickly to political and
military contingencies
The Soviets delivered an increased volume of arms
last year and avoided a yearend surge in deliveries:
? The total number of arms carriers making voyages
from the Soviet Union rose about 30 percent to 420,
while the total tonnage carried increased by 17
percent.
NPFS ships also picked up commercial cargoes in
foreign ports after completing military operations,
making their voyages more profitable and difficult
to monitor.
? The annual surge in deliveries from NPFS during
the months of October through December did not
materialize. Soviet deliveries peaked during April
to June, in part because of massive shipments to
Syria (see figures 6 and 7).
Changes in the pattern of Soviet deliveries to Iraq
may also help explain the absence of a fourth-quarter
surge. Since the Iran-Iraq war began in September
1980, all lethal weapons, aircraft, helicopters, and
ammunition for Iraq had been shipped through the
Kuwaiti port of Ash Shu'aybah. In mid-November,
Moscow suspended shipments through Ash Shu'ay-
bah, probably to avoid the risk of Iranian attack.
Moscow instead began sending military cargo des-
tined for Iraq to the Saudi port of Al Qadimah and
the North Yemeni port of Ra 's al Kathib. The cargo
was then transshipped by air or land to Iraq. This
shift in ports may have caused a temporary decline in
arms deliveries. Deliveries to Ash Shu'aybah re-
sumed in January 1988 after the tanker war eased,
although Soviet arms carriers continue to call at Al
Qadimah.
The Soviets attempted to mask their continued mili-
tary deliveries to Nicaragua through increased use of
the Cuba-Nicaragua shuttle, supplemented by one
trans-Pacific voyage of a Soviet arms carrier from
NPFS. Last year we identified 25 voyages by Cuban
and Nicaraguan ships that carried 8,701 tons of
NPFS-origin military goods from Cuban ports to
Nicaragua-21 percent of Moscow's aid. We believe
Moscow provides these goods, either by replacing
items sent to Nicaragua out of Cuban stocks or by
transshipping materiel delivered to Cuba on Soviet
ships. The dedicated arms carrier, Agostino Neto,
delivered military cargo from NPFS to Nicaragua by
crossing the Indian and Pacific Oceans, following a
route used in 1986 by another Soviet arms carrier
from NPFS. Additional Soviet military aid to Nica-
ragua arrived on Soviet merchant vessels departing
other Soviet ports.
BM-21 multiple rocket launchers to Tanzania. We
believe that Moscow's deliveries are going at least in
part to support Dar es Salaam's forces in Mozam-
bique. Uganda received significant amounts of Soviet
arms in 1987 as Moscow tried to increase its influence
in the region. Included were four MI-17 helicopters
and 12 BM-21 rocket launchers valued at a total of
$20 million.
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Latin America
The Soviet Union delivered about $2.4 billion in
military equipment and materiel to Latin America in
1987?a small increase over 1986. Analysis of Soviet
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Figure 5
Soviet Arms Carriers Transiting the Bosporus from Nikolayev Port Facilities South
Monthly Average, 1983-87
Number of voyages
I= 1987 Voyages I=1 1983-87 Average voyages
20
7
15
?
10
5
0
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
arms deliveries to Cuba suggests that a replacement
cycle has begun for at least part of Havana's aging
equipment inventory. Exports to Cuba rose some 28
percent to $1.8 billion and included 55 T-55 and 28
T-62 tanks to replace vehicles that had reached the
end of their service life. Cuba also received 10 SA-3
and 8 SA-2 surface-to-air missile batteries to expand
its air defense network, as well as a dozen MI-35s.
Havana also received additional air defense artillery,
armored vehicles, and two transport aircraft
7
317026 5-88
Meanwhile, the tonnage of Soviet assistance to Nica-
ragua in 1987 remained about the same as in 1986.
The value dropped some 15 percent, however, to $535
million, reflecting a shift in the composition of deliv-
eries from expensive equipment such as helicopters to
lower cost items such as armored vehicles, trucks, and
ammunition. Managua took delivery of the largest
armored personnel carrier and air defense artillery
shipment since 1984 and virtually completed an air
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Figure 6
Non-Nikolayev Port Facilities South Arms Carriers Departing From the Soviet Union
Monthly Average, 1983-87
Number of vo)ages
CI 1987 Voyages I?I 1983-87 Average voyages
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 Jun Jul Aug Sep Nov Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Table 2
Top 10 Soviet Arms Export
Customers in 1987
Million 1987 US $
Rank Country Estimated Value of
Arms Delivered
1 Iraq
3,440
2 India 2,300
3
Vietnam 1,955
4 Syria 1,830
5 Cuba 1,775
6 Afghanistan 1,505
7 Angola 1,450
8 Ethiopia 925
9 Algeria
575
10 Nicaragua
535
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defense tracking network in northern Nicaragua.
Soviet ships carried a declining share of Moscow's
deliveries to Managua?less than half the total ton-
nage. Nicaraguan and Cuban ships brought almost
half the tonnage, mainly consumables, from Cuba.
The Soviets either replenish depleted Cuban stocks or
provide materiel to Havana expressly for transship-
ment to Nicaragua.
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Appendix A
East European Arms Deliveries
to the Third World in 1987
East European arms exports often complement the
Soviet arms transfer program. East European arms
deliveries to the Third World fell modestly in 1987,
the second year of decline. Moscow's Warsaw Pact
allies and Yugoslavia export arms mainly to earn hard
currency, and some of their customers?Libya and
Syria, for example?have cut back on orders because
of financial problems. Iraq and Iran are the region's
main customers. In 1987, Baghdad received more
than 500 light armored vehicles from Eastern Europe
and more than 80 T-72 tanks. Iran buys mainly
ammunition and components, but also took delivery of
50 BMP infantry fighting vehicles in 1987, probably
from Bulgaria or Romania. Outside the Middle East,
India is a major customer, receiving several LIGET
communications systems from Hungary in 1987, as
well as bridges from Czechoslovakia.
Figure A-1 displays the value of known East Europe-
an arms deliveries over the last five years. We believe
that a signficant share?up to 25 percent?of East
European arms exports are not detected.
Reverse Blank
Figure 7
Value of East European Arms Deliveries
to the Third World, 1983-87
Billion US $
Other LDCs 1= Other Middle East/North Africa
I I Latin America I I Iran-Iraq
3.5
3.0
2.5
20
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1.0
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0 1983 84 85 86 87.
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Appendix B
Estimated Current Value of Soviet Military
Deliveries to the Third World
Million US $
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
Total Third World
16,580
15,939
13,739
15,857
18,957
Asia
3,230
3,430
4,492
5,494
6,540
Afghanistan
470
635
635
1,270
1,505
Bangladesh
5
NEGL
NEGL
1
0
Cambodia
140
190
335
140
365
India
1,005
970
1,525
1,900
2,300
Laos
140
120
80
60
120
Mongolia
50
55
2
3
NA
North Korea
50
15
355
420
295
Vietnam
1,370
1,445
1,560
1,650
1,955
Latin America
1,615
1,642
1,126
1,965
2,420
Cuba
1,260
1,335
835
1,410
1,775
Grenada
NEGL
0
0
0
0
Guyana
0
0
16
Nicaragua
225
305
230
545
535
Peru
130
2
45
10
110
Middle East/North Africa
9,075
7,706
5,870
6,914
7,272
Algeria
490
535
385
550
575
Egypt
60
60
60
8
100
Iran
90
6
o
o
o
Iraq
2,675
3,545
2,325
4,290
3,440
Jordan
120
20
385
295
185
Kuwait
40
65
25
11
17
Libya
945
1,175
835
730
350
North Yemen
465
55
170
210
390
South Yemen
785
325
375
195
355
Syria
' 3,405
1,920
1,310
625
1,830
United Arab Emirates
o
o
o
0
30
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,660
3,161
2,251
1,534
2,725
Angola
1,070
1,335
765
1,000
1,450
Benin
16
3
4
9
2
Burkina
0
4
Burundi
5
4
9
18
Cameroon
NEGL
Cape Verde
2
2
2
3
3
11
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Secret
Estimated Current Value of Soviet Military Million US $
Deliveries to the Third World (continued)
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
Congo
65
95
30
18
4
Ethiopia
1,005
1,200
935
195
925
Ghana
0
16
0
0
NEGL
Guinea
13
50
75
50
40
Guinea-Bissau
8
35
7
20
14
Madagascar
45
10
30
9
35
Mali
5
30
7
9
6
Mozambique
360
330
270
155
125
Nigeria
20
4
75
11
7
Sao Tome and Principe
6
2
0
3
3
Senegal
3
0
0
0
NEGL
Seychelles
17
5
2
20
18
Tanzania
18
35
45
15
55
Uganda
0
0
0
5
20
Zambia
0
0
0
3
0
Notes: 1. Values of $20 million and more are rounded to the nearest
$5 million; values between $1 million and $19 million are rounded
to nearest million; values under $500,000 are listed as negligible
(NEGL).
2. Dollar values for individual nations are believed accurate within
the following ranges:
? 15 percent for nations receiving $200 million or more.
? 25 percent for nations receiving $50-199 million.
? 40 percent for nations receiving $20-49 million.
? $5 million for nations receiving less than $20 million.
Secret 12
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Secret
Appendix C
Estimated Constant 1987 Value of Soviet Military
Deliveries to the Third World
Million 1987 US $
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
Total Third World
23,766
23,434
19,051
17,914
18,957
Asia
4,642
5,040
6,238
6,149
6,540
Afghanistan
680
935
880
1,435
1,505
Bangladesh
7
NEGL
NEGL
1
0
Cambodia
205
280
465
155
365
India
1,440
1,425
2,120
2,145
2,300
Laos
205
180
110
70
120
Mongolia
70
80
3
3
NA
North Korea
70
20
495
475
295
Vietnam
1,965
2,120
2,165
1,865
1,955
Latin America
2,315
2,413
1,567
2,222
2,420
Cuba
1,805
1,960
1,160
1,595
1,775
Grenada
NEGL
0
0
0
0
Guyana
0
0
22
Nicaragua
320
450
325
615
535
Peru
190
3
60
12
110
Middle East/North Africa
13,010
11,329
8,125
7,811
7,272
Algeria
700
785
535
620
575
Egypt
90
90
50
9
100
Iran
125
9
o
o
o
Iraq
3,835
5,205
3,230
4,850
3,440
Jordan
170
35
535
335
185
Kuwait
55
95
30
12
17
Libya
1,355
1,725
1,160
825
350
North Yemen
665
85
240
235
390
South Yemen
1,125
480
520
220
355
Syria
4,890
2,820
1,825
705
1,830
United Arab Emirates
o
0
o
o
30
Sub-Saharan Africa
3,799
4,652
3,121
1,732
2,725
Angola
1,535
1,965
1,065
1,130
1,450
Benin
7
NEGL
NEGL
1
2
Burkina
0
5
Burundi
10
8
5
10
18
Cameroon
0
NEGL
0
0
0
Cape Verde
2
3
3
3
3
13
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Secret
Estimated Constant 1987 Value of Soviet Military
Deliveries to the Third World (continued)
Million 1987 US $
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
Congo
90
135
40
20
4
Ethiopia
1,440
1,765
1,300
220
925
Ghana
0
25
0
7
NEGL
Guinea
18
75
105
55
40
Guinea-Bissau
12
55
10
25
14
Madagascar
65
15
40
10
35
Mali
8
45
10
10
6
Mozambique
520
490
375
175
125
Nigeria
30
6
105
13
7
Sao Tome and Principe
8
3
0
3
3
Senegal
4
0
0
0
NEGL
Seychelles
25
7
3
25
18
Tanzania
25
50
60
17
55
Uganda
0
5
20
Zambia
0
3
0
Notes: 1. Values of $20 million and over are rounded to the nearest
$5 million; values between $1 million and $19 million are rounded
to the nearest million; values less than $500,000 are listed as
negligible (NEGL).
2. Dollar values for individual nations are believed accurate within
the following ranges:
? 15 percent for nations receiving $200 million or more.
? 25 percent for nations receiving $50-199 million.
? 40 percent for nations receiving $20-49 million.
? $5 million for nations receiving less than $20 million.
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Appendix E
Secret
Major Military Equipment Delivered to the Third World, 1986
1
J
Recipient Air/Air Defense Equipment
Ground Armament
Naval Armament
Combat Aircraft
Helicopters
Transport Aircraft
Surface-to-Air Missile Launchers
Air
Defense
Artillery c
Main Battle Tanks
Armored Combat Vehicles
Other
Armored
Vehicles h
Artillery Over 100mm
Surface Submarines
Combatants 0,
1
Coastal
Patrol
Boats 0
Mine
Warfare
Vessels P
Antiship
Missiles q
Antiship
Missile
Launchers r
MIG-
21 a
MIG-
23/27 h
MIG-29
SU-7/
20/22
SU-25
MI-8/17
MI-25
MI-26
KA-28
AN-2 AN-12 AN-26
AN-32
IL-76
SA-2
SA-3
SA-5
SA-6
SA-8
SA-9
SA-13
T-54/55/62
T-72 d
BTRs e
BMPs I
BRDMs g
Self- Towed Multiple Short-Range
Propelled Artilleryi Rocket Ballistic
Artillery Launchers k Missiles I
Asia
Afghanistan 28
7
10
14
12
231
250
131
47
Cambodia
3
80
24
100
8
India
12
26
3
2
2
24
2
12
48
145
40
41
1
43
' Laos
1
North Korea
20
18
9
Vietnam 13
5
36
24
37
35
36
6
Latin America
Cuba 2
4
1
4
47
31
23
36
1
16
4
3
Nicaragua
24
30
2
14
Middle East/North Africa
Algeria
8
4
20
34
117
38
18
30
50
3
Iraq
23
12
24
4
8
1
1
278
63
91
62
58
42
54
38
11
Jordan
8
11
14
? Kuwait
15
Libya
2
12
19
12
8
12
4
26
26
11
44
4
1
1
17
South Yemen 2
15
Syria
22
25
21
18
48
1
20
Sub-Saharan Africa
a
1
Angola
18
25
24
48
35
10
16
168
56
_
Congo
22
12
Ethiopia
18
4
1
Ghana
10
Guinea 8
Guinea-Bissau 1
1
Madagascar
Mozambique
6
20
55
8
16
Seychelles
Uganda
2
a MIG-2Is include all Fishbed variants, including trainers.
MIG-23/27s include all Flogger variants, including trainers.
0 Air defense artillery includes ZU-23s, 37-mm M1938s, and 57-
mm S-60s.
d T-7 2s includes T-72M Is and T-72M1 CKDNs.
BTRs include BTR-50s, BTR-60s, BTR-60Ps, BTR-60CMDs,
and BTR-152s.
f BMPs include BMP-Is, BMP-2s, BMP-CMDs, and BMP-AIFVs.
g BRDMs include BRDM-2s and BRDM-2-RKHs.
h Other armored vehicles include PT-76s, OT-64Cs, armored recov-
ery vehicles, and unidentified APCs and other armored vehicles.
Self-propelled artillery includes 122-mm SP guns.
1Towed artillery includes 122-mm field guns D-74, 122-mm howit-
zers D-30, 130-mm howitzers M-46, and I52-mm howitzers D-20.
k Multiple rocket launchers inClude BM-21s and BM-14-24s.
I Short-range ballistic missiles include Scuds and FROGs.
Surface combatants include a Kashin-class destroyer and a Koni-
class frigate.
Submarines include a Kilo-class submarine and a Romeo-class
submarine.
0 Patrol boats include Turya-class torpedo boats and Zhuk patrol
boats.
P Mine warfare vessels include Natya-class and Yevgenya-class
minesweepers.
Antiship missiles include SS-N-2s and SS-N-2Cs.
r Antiship missile launchers include SSC-3s.
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Appendix F
Secret
Major Military Equipment Delivered to the Third World, 1987
Air/Air Defense Equipment
Air
Defense
Artillery 0
Ground Armament
Combat Aircraft
Helicopters
Transport Aircraft
Surface-to-Air Missile Launchers
Main Battle Tanks
Armored Combat Vehicles
MIG-
21 a
MIG-
23/27 h
MIG-29
SU-7/
20/22
SU-25
Unidenti-
fled
MI-8/17
MI-25/
35
KA-28
Unidenti-
fied
AN-26
AN-32
IL-76
SA-2
SA-3
SA-5
SA-8
SA-9 SA-13
T-54/55/62
T-72
BTRs r
BMPs g
BRDMs h
Asia
Afghanistan
20
10
8
20
12
187
445
139
78
Cambodia
22
India
10
22
17
1
14
46
233
11
79
Laos
1
North Korea
3
9
12
40
Vietnam
3
18
9
5
15
Latin America
Cuba
12
2
48
30
10
83
48
30
Nicaragua
6
1
18
30
30
Peru
Widle East/North Africa
Algeria
13
3
32
6
13
Iraq 5
5
4
6
22
15
5
42
28
1
5
42
24
57
18
Jordan
4
10
6
49
Libya
25
North Yemen
14
10
73
23
South Yemen
8
18
25
20
Syria
21
4
30
65
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola 13
10
20
17
30
9
38
29
9
10
8
Ethiopia
10
108
10
32
Guinea
Madagascar
Mali
10
Mozambique
3
13
6
Nigeria
Tanzania
6
15
Uganda
3
. Mig-21s include all Fishbed variants, including trainers.
Mig-23/27s include all Flogger variants, including trainers.
0 Unidentified aircraft estimate for Afghanistan based on estimate
of losses and order of battle; most or all are probably MIG-21s.
d Unidentified helicopter estimate for Afghanistan based on esti-
mate of losses and order of battle; most or all are probably MI-17s.
Air defense artillery includes ZU-23s, ZSU-23-4s, 37-mm
M-1939s, and 57-mm S-60s.
BTRs include BTR-40s, BTR-50CMDs, BTR-60s, BTR-60Ps,
and BTR-152s.
g BMPs include BMP-1s and BMP-2s.
h BRDMs include BRDM-2s and BRDM-2RKHs.
i Other armored vehicles include BMDs, armored recovery vehicles,
and unidentified armored vehicles.
I Self-propelled artillery includes 122-mm and 152-mm howitzers.
k Towed artillery includes 122-mm howitzers D-30, 122-mm howit-
zers M-30, I52-mm howitzers D-20, and 152-mm howitzers
M1976.
Multiple rocket launchers include BM-21s and BM-I4-24s.
0, Short-range ballistic missiles include Scuds and SS-21s.
r. Surface combatants include a Koni-class frigate.
?Submarines include Kilo-class submarines.
r Coastal patrol boats include Stenka, Tarantul, Zhuk, and uniden-
tified class patrol boats.
Mine warfare vessels include Natya, Sonya, and Yevgenya-class
minesweepers.
r Antiship missiles include SSN-2s and SSN-2-Cs.
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' Naval Armament
Other
Armored
Vehicles i
Artillery Over 100mm
Surface
Submarines 0 Coastal
Patrol
Boats P
Mine
Warfare
Vessels
Antiship
Missiles
Self- Towed Multiple
Propelled Artillery k Rocket
Artilleryi Launchers
Short-Range Combatants
Ballistic
Missiles 0,
10
58
95
2
2
1
1
57
7
3
8
50
24
2
1
12
7
63
22
6
4
16
3
1
23
13
36
25
23
65
21
2
36
69
2
18
8
12
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19
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