REVOLUTIONARY NETWORKING: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY ESTABLISHING U.S. SOLIDARITY ORGANIZATIONS TO PROTECT ITSELF AND RAISE CONSCIOUSNESS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90M00005R000800050042-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 2, 2013
• Sequence Number: 42
• Publication Date: June 10, 1986
• Content Type: CABLE

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CONFI NTIAL
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MSGNO 20 (STXX) *06/10/86* *22:07:45.5.9*
ZCZC 03:05:45Z (ST)
EMI DTG : 86061021245887
86 1156982 SCR NC 1156982
TOR: 110112Z JUN 86 SAN SA 08057
RR RUEAIIB
ZNY CCCCC ZOC STATE ZZH
STU8898
RR RUEHC
DE RUEHSN #8057/01 1612313
ZNY CCCCC ZZH
R 102305Z JUN 86
FM AMEMBASSY SAN SALVADOR
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 3512
INFO RUEHMU/AMEMBASSY MANAGUA 0468
RUEHTG/AMEMBASSY TEGUCIGALPA 0711
RUEHGT/AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA 0697
RUEHSJ/AMEMBASSY SAN JOSE 9852
RUEHME/AMEMBASSY MEXICO 0618
RUEOEHA/USCINCSO QUARRY HEIGHTS
BT
EZ1:
SAN SALVADOR 08057
EZ2:
DEPT REPEAT AS NECESSARY
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PHUM, PGOV, PINS, ES
SUBJECT: REVOLUTIONARY NETWORKING: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
ESTABLISHING U.S. SOLIDARITY ORGANIZATIONS TO
PROTECT ITSELF AND RAISE CONSCIOUSNESS
REF: A) 85 SAN SALVADOR 16561
B) SAN SALVADOR 4130
- C) SAN SALVADOR 4695
D) SAN SALVADOR 6512
- E) SAN SALVADOR 5278
1. (C ? ENTIRE TEXT.)
2. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
TIAL
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INCLUDING QUEZADA, ARE ORGANIZING A NETWORK OF GROUPS IN
THE U.S. TO AID THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. THE NETWORK'S
PURPOSE IS TO PUBLICIZE ARRESTS OR DISAPPEARANCES OF THE
UNIVERSITY LEADERSHIP IN EL SALVADOR AND TO ACTIVATE A
CASCADE SYSTEM OF PHONE CALLS IN AND FROM THE U.S.
MOBILIZING AN AVALANCHE OF PUBLIC OUTRAGE, CALLS TO THE
STATE DEPARTMENT, AND LETTERS TO CONGRESS. THE U.S.
NETWORK ALSO PROVIDES FINANCIAL AND MORAL SUPPORT TO
AGEUS, THE UNIVERSITY STUDENT ASSOCIATION, BY
ESTABLISHING "SISTER UNIVERSITY" SOLIDARITY
ORGANIZATIONS IN THE U.S. WHICH RAISE MONEY AND PUSH
C ONFIDENTIALSECTION 02 OF 08 SAN SALVADOR 08057
LETTER-WRITING CAMPAIGNS. THE NEW SOLIDARITY
ORGANIZATIONS USE UNIVERSITY ISSUES SUCH AS "REPRESSION"
AND LACK OF GOVERNMENT FUNDING AS A SPRINGBOARD TO REACH
NEW AUDIENCES, BUILD SUPPORT FOR THE FMLN AND -- MORE
IMPORTANTLY FROM THEIR VIEW -- UNDERCUT SUPPORT FOR U.S.
POLICIES IN EL SALVADOR.
5. THE SPEAKING TOURS IN THE U.S., EXCHANGE PROGRAMS,
SOLIDARITY COMMITTEES, AND CASCADE NETWORKS, ALSO RAISE
THE REVOLUTIONARY CONCIOUSNESS OF U.S. STUDENTS AND
OTHERS IN AN EFFORT TO MOBILIZE IT AGAINST U.S.
INVOLVEMENT IN EL SALVADOR, IN MUCH THE SAME WAY AS
RADICAL SALVADORAN UNIONS MAINTAIN CONTACT WITH
COUNTERPARTS IN THE U.S., THE SISTER CITIES PROGRAM
LINKS U.S. CITIES WITH GUERRILLA-OCCUPIED STRONGHOLDS,
AND THE SANCTUARY MOVEMENT SERVES TO INVOLVE OTHERWISE
APOLITICAL GROUPS NOT SO MUCH IN SUPPORT OF THE FMLN AS
SIMPLY AGAINST U.S. POLICY. THE EFFORT TO CREATE AN
ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT IN THE U.S. THAT WILL HASTEN THE END
OF U.S. SUPPORT TO EL SALVADOR COMPLEMENTS THE NEW
EMPHASIS OF THE FMLN ON FIGHTING A PROTRACTED WAR
DESIGNED TO OUTLAST THE U.S. COMMITMENT TO SUPPORT THE
GOES.
6. CASE STUDY BACKGROUND
THE FOLLOWING CASE STUDY OF REVOLUTIONARY NETWORKING IS
BASED ON NUMEROUS CONVERSATIONS OVER SEVERAL MONTHS WITH
POLITICALLY ACTIVE MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY
OF ALL LEVELS, MOST OF WHOM HAVE STRONG LINKS WITH THE
INSURGENT LEFT. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WAS DEVELOPED
FROM NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, CONTACTS WITH INTERESTED U.S.
CITIZENS, AND OTHER SOURCES. OTHER LEFTIST
ORGANIZATIONS IN EL SALVADOR APPEAR TO HAVE PARALLEL
NETWORKS (WITNESS THE CALLS COMING IN NOW ON THE
CO-MADRES), BUT WE USE THE UNIVERSITY AS A CASE STUDY
BECAUSE WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO DEVELOP RELATIVELY GREATER
INSIGHT INTO UNIVERSITY ACTIVITIES.
7. "WAVE OF REPRESSION" PROTEST BEGINS
GERARDO LIZANO HERNANDEZ, PRESIDENT OF THE AGRONOMY
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STUDENTS ASSOCIATION, WAS ARRESTED ON FEBRUARY 9 ON
SUSPICION OF BELONGING TO THE ARMED FORCES OF NATIONAL
LIBERATION (FARN) AND RELEASED ON FEBRUARY 21. UPON
RELEASE, LIZANO REPORTEDLY TOLD AGEUS THAT HIS
INTERROGATION FOCUSSED HEAVILY ON THE MEMBERS OF THE
"COMMITTEE FOR PEACE AND DIALOGUE." (THE "COMMITTEE"
ORGANIZED THE "NATIONAL DRIVE FOR PEACE AND DIALOGUE"
WHICH WAS HELD IN DECEMBER 1985 AND SERVED AS A PODIUM
FOR A FREE-FOR-ALL ATTACK BY THE LEFT ON THE GOES --
SEE REF A.) AFTER HIS RELEASE, UNIVERSITY CONTACTS
BEGAN TO TALK OF LIZANO'S CASE AS SIMILAR TO OTHER
CASES, AND SAID THEY WERE WORRIED ABOUT A GOVERNMENT-
SPONSORED EFFORT TO QUASH POLITICAL ACTIVITY BY
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND FACULTY. (NOTE: THE READER
SHOULD BEAR IN MIND THAT THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HAS
SOMEWHERE AROUND 28,000 STUDENTS, NONE OF WHOM ARE
IMMUNE FROM ARREST AND AT LEAST SOME OF WHOM ARE KNOWN
TO BE ACTIVE IN THE GUERRILLA MOVEMENT.)
8. UNES RESPONDS: ORGANIZES PROTEST COMMITTEE
IN RESPONSE TO THE "WAVE OF REPRESSION," IN LATE
FEBRUARY, THE UNIVERSITY SUPERIOR COUNCIL (MADE UP OF
DEANS AND ADMINISTRATIVE HEADS FROM EACH FACULTY)
ORGANIZED A COMMITTEE "FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE
UNIVERSITY" MADE UP OF THE RECTOR, TWO DEANS, THREE
PROFESSORS AND THREE STUDENTS. NEWSPAPER ARTICLES SAID
THE COMMITTEE WAS SET UP ON A "PERMANENT BASIS TO
ORGANIZE PUBLIC PROTESTS AND MAKE VISITS TO VARIOUS
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS."
ACCORDING TO THE PRESS, THE COMMITTEE WAS PLANNING TO
SEND A LETTER TO THE UN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
"PROTESTING THE RECENT HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS (BY THE
C ONFIDENTIALSECTION 03 OF 08 SAN SALVADOR 08057
RIGHT) AGAINST THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY." THE COMMITTEE
ALSO INTENDED TO ASK THAT "WESTERN EUROPEAN DIPLOMATS"
IN EL SALVADOR REQUEST THEIR COUNTRIES TO RECONSIDER
THEIR AID TO "A REGIME THAT TERRORIZES THE UNIVERSITY
COMMUNITY."
9. INTERLOCKING MEMBERSHIPS: A FORM OF PROTECTION?
ONE OF THE FACULTY ON THE NEW PROTEST COMMISSION, HECTOR
CANJURA LINARES (MEMBER OF THE POPULAR LIBERATION
FORCES - FPL) WAS ALSO A MEMBER OF THE "COMMITTEE FOR
PEACE AND DIALOGUE" AND HAD JUST BEEN ELECTED HEAD OF
THE UNES PROFESSORS ASSOCIATION (ADUES) THE PREVIOUS
DAY. TWO OTHER OFFICERS OF ADUES, JOSE LUIS GALVEZ
(FPL) AND POMPILIO VILLAFUERTE (FPL) WERE ALSO MEMBERS
OF THE "COMMITTEE FOR PEACE AND DIALOGUE." (NOTE:
ADUES WAS FORMED A YEAR AGO, BUT WAS LARGELY INACTIVE
UNTIL FEBRUARY 27-28 WHEN AN ORGANIZING CONVENTION WAS
HELD AND A NEW SLATE OF OFFICERS WAS ELECTED.)
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SELECTION OF CANJURA, GALVEZ AND VILLAFUERTE FOR SEVERAL
POSITIONS AT THE SAME TIME, WHILE EVIDENCE OF THEIRE
INFLUENCE IN UNES AFFAIRS, MAY ALSO BE AN ATTEMPT TO
PROTECT THEM BY MAXIMIZING THE NEGATIVE PUBLICITY
ENTAILED IN ARRESTING PROMINENT UNIVERSITY LEADERS.
ACTIVATING ADUES WITH A BOARD OF "POLITICALLY AWARE"
PROFESSORS ALSO PROVIDES ANOTHER FPL-RUN SPRINGBOARD FOR
PROTESTS OF REPRESSION AND POLITICAL ACTITIVIES.
10. STUDENT ASSOCIATION PRESIDENT ARRESTED; UNES
NETWORK ACTIVATES
RUFINO ANTONIO QUEZADA SANCHEZ, A 30-YEAR-OLD STUDENT,
WAS ARRESTED BY THE NATIONAL POLICE ON THE EVENING OF
MARCH 20. QUEZADA IS THE PRESIDENT OF THE GENERAL
ASSOCIATION OF SAIIVADORAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (AGEUS)
AND IS WELL KNOWN TO THE EMBASSY AS AN ACTIVE MEMBER OF
THE FPL. HE WAS ALSO THE STUDENT REPRESENTATIVE ON THE
"COMMITTEE FOR PEACE AND DIALOGUE" AND SPOKE AT THE
CONFERENCE AS THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE STUDENT SECTOR.
(SEE REFS BAND C FOR DETAILED ACCOUNT OF QUEZADA'S
ARREST AND RELEASE.)
QUEZADA'S ARREST PROVIDED THE FIRST REAL DEMONSTRATION
OF THE NEW NETWORK, AND REVEALED A GOOD DEAL OF THE
PREPARATION AND ORGANIZATION THAT HAD BEEN INVESTED BY
AGEUS AND OTHER UNIVERSITY GROUPS IN CONTACTS WITH THE
U.S.
UNIVERSITY CONTACTS SAID THAT UPON LEARNING OF QUEZADA'S
ARREST THEY IMMEDIATELY CALLED THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS, THE FEDERATION OF CENTRAL
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, THE HUMAN RIGHTS
COMMISSION (NON-GOVERNMENTAL) AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS.
THEY TOLD US THAT IN ADDITION TO INFORMING QUEZADA'S
AMCIT WIFE, ROBYN BRAVERMAN, THEY INITIATED THE CASCADE
NETWORK OF STUDENTS IN THE U.S. WITHIN 48 HOURS, PAID
RADIO SPOTS WERE RUNNING HOURLY DENOUNCING THE ARREST,
AND THEY HAD PLACED PAID NEWSPAPER ADS AS WELL.
11. DELUGE OF PHONE CALLS FROM THE U.S.
BY MID-MORNING OF MARCH 21, LESS THAN 24 HOURS AFTER
QUEZADA'S ARREST, THE EMBASSY WAS RECEIVING PHONE CALLS
FROM ORGANIZATIONS AND COLLEGES UP AND DOWN THE EAST AND
WEST COASTS, ASKING FOR INFORMATION AND DEMANDING
ANGRILY THAT THE U.S. EMBASSY INTERVENE TO PREVENT
QUEZADA'S POSSIBLE TORTURE AND DISAPPEARANCE. MANY OF
THE CONCERNED CLAIMED TO HAVE MET QUEZADA AND THE AGEUS
VICE-PRESIDENT JOSE RODOLOF0 ROSALES LOBO (AKA "CHINO"
ROSALES LEE), A 27-YEAR-OLD MEDICAL STUDENT AND A MEMBER
OF THE FPL, ON THEIR RECENT "UNIVERSITY TO UNIVERSITY
FRIENDSHIP TOUR," A 40-CITY TOUR OF THE WEST COAST FROM
OCTOBER 10 TO NOVEMBER 20, 1985. FEW OF THE CALLERS
CITED AFFILIATION WITH ANY OF THE BETTER KNOWN FMLN
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SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS, SUCH AS THE "COMMITTEE IN
SOLIDARITY WITH THE PEOPLE OF EL SALVADOR"'(CISPES), AS
C ONFIDENTIALSECTION 04 OF 08 SAN SALVADOR 08057
HAS BEEN THE CASE WITH SOME OTHER CALL-IN CAMPAIGNS.
THE MAJORITY SOUNDED LIKE AVERAGE COLLEGE STUDENTS WHO
HAD BEEN TOUCHED BY QUEZADA AND ROSALES' ACCOUNTS OF
ANTI-UNIVERSITY REPRESSION DURING THEIR TRIP. THESE
CALLERS ARE THE NEW AUDIENCE WHICH AGEUS IS TRYING TO
REACH AND MOBILIZE IN SUPPORT OF THE UNIVERSITY AND ITS
MEMBERS. (NOTE: THE RECENT ARREST OF NATIONAL POLICE
ON APRIL 29 OF JORGE ALBERTO ROSALES AND LUIS ANTONIO
ROSALES, BROTHERS OF JOSE RODOLFO ROSALES, ON CHARGES OF
"COLLABORATION WITH TERRORIST GROUPS" HAS SPARKED A
SIMILAR REACTION (REF D). OTHER SKETCHY REPORTS TALK OF
DEATH THREATS TO JULIO AMILCAR SOSA DIMAS, AND PHONE
CALLS ARE COMING IN FOR HIM AS WELL. SOSA IS THE
FINANCE SECRETARY OF THE MEDICAL STUDENT ASSOCIATION AND
A MEMBER OF THE FPL.)
12. CALLERS DESCRIBE U.S. SUPPORT NETWORK
THE CALLERS SAID THAT THE PURPOSE OF QUEZADA'S AND
ROSALES' SPEAKING TOUR WAS TO ESTABLISH A "SISTER
UNIVERSITY" NETWORK TO PROVIDE MORAL AND FINANCIAL
SUPPORT TO THE UNES. WESTERN WASHINGTON STATE AND
SOUTHERN OREGON STATE UNIVERSITIES ARE TWO KNOWN SISTER
UNIVERSITIES ON THE WEST COAST; RUTGERS UNIVERSITY IS
ANOTHER ON THE EAST COAST. IT IS APPARENT FROM LETTERS
AND CALLS RECEIVED BY THE EMBASSY FROM THESE NASCENT
GROUPS THAT OTHER UNIVERSITY STUDENT GROUPS ARE
BEGINNING TO ORGANIZE WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF VARIOUS
SANCTUARY GROUPS AND 5>CISPES. (NOTE: QUEZADA AND
ROSALES TRAVELED ON OFFICIAL PASSPORTS ISSUED BY THE
GOES AT THE REQUEST OF THE UNIVERSITY, DEMONSTRATING
OFFICIAL HIGH-LEVEL SUPPORT WITHIN THE UNIVERSITY
LEADERSHIP FOR THESE ACTIVITIES. THE FOREIGN MINISTRY
ISSUES OFFICIAL PASSPORTS AT THE REQUEST OF THE RECTOR
AND SUPERIOR COUNCIL.)
13. WHEN QUEZADA WAS ARRESTED, THERE WAS AN AGEUS GROUP
TOURING THE EAST COAST OF THE U.S. AT THE TIME, WHICH
URGED U.S. STUDENTS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE CALL-IN
CAMPAIGN. THE SALVADORAN NEWSPAPER ANNOUNCEMENTS OF THE
AGEUS TRIP PRIOR TO DEPARTURE SAID THE (UNNAMED)
SPEAKERS FROM AGEUS WOULD VISIT NEW YORK, WASHINGTON,
BOSTON, CHICAGO, CHARLESTON AND ATLANTA, AMONG OTHERS.
THE PURPOSE WAS TO EXPLAIN THE SALVADORAN UNIVERSITY
STUDENT SITUATION, COLLECT FUNDS FOR AGEUS AND
"IMPLEMENT SOLIDARITY MOVEMENTS BY THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
TOWARDS THE SALVADORAN PEOPLE." LATER CALLERS FROM THE
U.S., ASKING ABOUT REPORTS OF DEATH THREATS, IDENTIFIED
THE AGEUS SPEAKER AS JULIO SOSA DIMAS, WHO SPOKE ABOUT
UNIVERSITY REPRESSION AND SOUGHT DONATIONS.
14. THEMES: INADEQUATE BUDGET AND REPRESSION
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THE TWO THEMES OF THE AGEUS SPEECHES DURING TOURS IN THE
U.S. ARE REPORTEDLY THE INADEQUACY OF THE PRESENT GOES
FUNDED UNIVERSITY BUDGET AND RIGHTWING/GOES REPRESSION
OF UNIVERSITY POLITICAL ACTIVITES. AGEUS EXPLAINS TO
U.S. AUDIENCES THAT THE TWO ISSUES ARE PART AND PARCEL
THE SAME PROBLEM, THE EXTREME ANTI-UNIVERSITY ATTITUDE
OF THE GOVERNMENT BECAUSE THE UNES PUBLICLY CRITICIZES
THE GOES. THE FMLN HAS PREVIOUSLY SHOWN AN INTEREST IN
EXPLOITING THE UNIVERSITY BUDGET ISSUE AS A PRESSURE
TACTIC AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT. DOCUMENTS CAPTURED WITH
PRTC GUERRILLA LEADER NIDIA DIAZ IN APRIL 1985 INCLUDED
THE "PLAN UNIVERSIDAD," WHICH FOCUSSED ON THE NEED TO
MOBILIZE THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY TO PUSH THE GOES FOR A
LARGER BUDGET. IT INCLUDED PLANS TO INFORM THE REST OF
THE WORLD OF UNIVE,RSITY COMPLAINTS. THIS LATEST AGEUS
EFFORT TO GET OUTSIDE FUNDS MAY WELL BE AN OUTGROWTH OF
THE COMPLETE FAILURE OF THE UNIVERSITY TO SECURE AN
INCREASE IN ITS UNIVERSITY BUDGET. IF THE UNIVERSITY
HAD HAD A LARGER BUDGET, IT WOULD HAVE FUNDED SUCH
ACTIVITIES AS THE "NATIONAL DRIVE FOR PEACE" CONFERENCE,
SOURCES SAY, AS PART OF ITS SELF-ASSIGNED INTELLECTUAL
LEADERSHIP ROLE.
15. QUEZADA FREED, WARNS ACTIVISTS, AND DISAPPEARS
C ONFIDENTIALSECTION 05 OF 08 SAN SALVADOR 08057
WHETHER AS A RESULT OF THE PUBLICITY CAMPAIGN OR FOR
OTHER REASONS, THE NATIONAL POLICE RELEASED QUEZADA ON
MONDAY, MARCH 24, FOUR DAYS AFTER HIS ARREST. QUEZADA
APPARENTLY REPORTED TO UNES THAT THE QUESTIONING HAD
AGAIN FOCUSSED HEAVILY ON INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS ON THE
"COMMITTEE FOR PEACE AND DIALOGUE." ACCORDING TO
UNIVERSITY SOURCES, QUEZADA REPORTEDLY LEFT EL SALVADOR
ALMOST IMMEDIATELY AFTER HIS RELEASE FOR THE UNITED
STATES, WHERE HIS WIFE, ROBYN BRAVERMAN, STUDIES AT
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY. HE IS REPORTEDLY MAKING A NEW
ROUND OF APPEARANCES, INCLUDING VISITS TO CONGRESSMEN IN
WASHINGTON D.C. REPORTED REGULAR CONGRESSIONAL CONTACTS
INCLUDE CONGRESSMEN KERRY, BARNES, CONYERS, AND
DELLUMS. (NOTE: QUEZADA DID NOT REQUEST AND WAS NOT
ISSUED A NEW VISA IN HIS OFFICIAL PASSPORT FOLLOWING HIS
TRIP TO THE U.S. IN OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER. QUEZADA'S
WIFE, ROBYN BRAVERMAN, HAS VISITED EL SALVADOR IN THE
PAST, MOST RECENTLY IN AUGUST 1985, AS AN ORGANIZER OF A
TRIP BY THE UNITED STATES STUDENT ASSOCIATION (USSA),
AND IS THE "COORDINATOR OF SOLIDARITY BETWEEN THE
UNIVERSITY OF OREGON AND THE UNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADOR.")
16. LIKELY TARGETS GO TO GROUND
IN RESPONSE TO A REPORTED DEATH THREAT TO THE NEW DEAN
OF HUMANITIES ON MARCH 20 AND THE ARREST OF QUEZADA ON
THE SAME DAY, THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE "COMMITTEE FOR PEACE
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AND DIALOGUE" -- THE SUPPOSED LIKELY FUTURE TARGETS --
WENT TO GROUND. THE WEEK FOLLOWING THE ARREST AND DEATH
THREAT WAS EASTER WEEK, NORMALLY A TIME WHEN THE ENTIRE
COUNTRY GOES TO THE BEACH. APPARENTLY, PEOPLE WHO
CONSIDERED THEMSELVES TO BE AT RISK OF ARREST OR
DISAPPEARANCE DECIDED TO CANCEL THEIR VACATION PLANS AND
STAY AT HOME. THEY KEPT IN CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER BY
TELEPHONE OVER THE WEEK-LONG SCHOOL HOLIDAY, ONE MEMBER
OF THE NETWORK REPORTS, IN ORDER TO AVOID BEING ARRESTED
OR "DISAPPEARED" FOR A WEEK WITHOUT ANYONE KNOWING
BECAUSE OF HOLIDAY SCHEDULES. THE MEMBER SAYS THAT IF
ANOTHER ARREST HAD OCCURRED, THE NETWORK WOULD HAVE MADE
CALLS AND PLACED ADS AS THEY DID FOR QUEZADA.
17. POLITICAL ACTIVITES CONTINUE, DESPITE REPORTED FEARS
THE FORMER MEMBERS, OF THE "COMMITTEE FOR PEACE AND
DIALOGUE" SAY THEY ARE LOOKING OVER THEIR SHOULDERS, BUT
HAVE NOT STOPPED THEIR POLITICAL ACTIVITIES. TWO
MEMBERS SPOKE AT THE RECENT "NATIONAL FORUM" GIVEN BY
THE LEFTIST NATIONAL UNION OF SALVADORAN WORKERS
(UNTS): HECTOR CANJURA AS HEAD OF THE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY ASSOCIATION (ADUES), AND JOSE LUIS GALVEZ AS THE
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY (REF E).
18. OUTREACH PROGRAMS CONTINUE
AT THE NATIONAL FORUM, GALVEZ APPROACHED POLOFF ABOUT A
VISA, SAYING HE HAD BEEN DESIGNATED TO GO ON A SPEAKING
TOUR OF THE U.S., DUE TO DEPART AS SOON AS THE FUNDING
DETAILS WERE WORKED OUT. THE RECTOR OF THE NATIONAL
UNIVERSITY JUST COMPLETED A TRIP TO EUROPE LOOKING FOR
FUNDS FOR "RECONSTRUCTION" OF THE UNIVERSITY. NEWSPAPER
REPORTS SAY THAT DELEGATIONS FROM THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC
COMMUNITY HAVE "PLEDGED THEIR SOLIDARITY WITH THE
UNIVERSITY" AND WILL CONTINUE TO PROVIDE FUNDS, OVER AND
ABOVE THE FOUR MILLION EURODOLLARS PROVIDED LAST YEAR.
IN EARLY MARCH ROBYN BRAVERMAN ANNOUNCED IN A NEWSPAPER
INTERVIEW THAT SHE WOULD RETURN IN THREE MONTHS WITH A
DELEGATION OF U.S. PROFESSORS, AS PART OF AN EXCHANGE
PROGRAM BETWEEN STUDENTS AND FACULTY FROM U.S.
UNIVERSITIES AND THE UNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADOR.
19. COMMENT
C ONFIDENTIALSECTION 06 OF 08 SAN SALVADOR 08057
ARRESTS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS BY THE POLICE ARE NOTHING
NEW, ALTHOUGH THERE HAD BEEN A LULL UP TO THE RECENT
ARRESTS. FEW INFORMED OBSERVERS DOUBT THE JUSTIFICATION
FOR THE ARRESTS. HOWEVER, THE DEATH THREATS, IF TRUE,
MARK A DISTURBING RECURRENCE OF ACTIVITIES THAT, TO OUR
KNOWLEDGE, HAVE NOT BEEN COMMON RECENTLY. WHILE THE
REPORTS HAVE NOT BEEN INDEPENDENTLY CONFIRMIED AND THE
SOURCES ARE OF DOUBTFUL CREDIBILITY, THE UNIVERSITY
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LEADERSHIP HAS CERTAINLY RESPONDED AS IF THE THREATS
WERE SERIOUS. AT THIS POINT, WE ARE UNABLE TO ASSESS
WHETHER THE THREATS ARE REAL AND IF THEY COME FROM THE
RIGHT OR THE LEFT. OTHER SOURCES RAISE THE POSSIBILITY
THAT THE VIOLENCE AND THREATS ON THE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
ARE THE RESULT OF INTERNECINE STRUGGLES ON THE LEFT -- A
MORE RADICAL GROUP IS REPORTEDLY TRYING TO FORCE THE
RESIGNATION OF THE UNIVERSITY RECTOR AND HIS SUPPORTERS
WHO ARE MERELY RADICAL. (THIS MAY EXPLAIN WHY RECTOR
PARADA HAS REFUSED TO TAKE HIS COMPLAINTS TO THE
POLICE.)
20. BUT MORE INTERESTING FOR THIS REPORT IS THE SCOPE
OF THE UNIVERSITY ORGANIZING ACTIVITIES THAT HAS BEEN
REVEALED, BOTH INSIDE AND OUTSIDE EL SALVADOR. OVER THE
PAST SEVERAL MONTHS, AND PERHAPS EVEN BEFORE, THERE HAS
BEEN A CONCERTED EFFORT TO ESTABLISH CONTACTS WITH
ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF EL SALVADOR THAT CAN PROVIDE
MORAL AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT. SISTER UNIVERSITIES,
COMMITTEES TO APPROACH THE UNITED NATIONS, EXCHANGE
PROGRAMS AND SPEAKING TOURS BY STUDENT LEADERS ARE ALL
GEARED TO ATTRACT SYMPATHETIC ATTENTION TO THE
"REPRESSION" OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY AND TO ENCOURAGE
FUNDING FOR UNIVERSITY ORGANIZATIONS.
21. THE "SISTER UNIVERSITY" CONCEPT IS A CLONE OF
EFFORTS BY ANOTHER GROUP, "NEW EL SALVADOR TODAY"
(NEST), WHICH PROMOTES "SISTER CITY" RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN U.S. CITIES AND TOWNS IN NORTHERN EL SALVADOR.
THE U.S. CITIES PROVIDE "HUMANITARIAN AID" TO SELECTED
TOWNS IN NORTHERN CHALATENANGO, STRONGHOLD OF THE FPL.
TWO CASES WE ARE AWARE OF ARE MADISON, WISCONSIN, PAIRED
WITH ARCATAO (POPULATION: 500), AND BERKELEY,
CALIFORNIA, TWINNED WITH SAN ANTONIO LOS RANCHOS
(POPULATION: A FEW DOZEN). "NEST" CLAIMS TO HAVE RAISED
140,000 DOLLARS FOR SALVADORAN TOWNS IN THE LAST FOUR
YEARS, WITH NONE OF THE AID GOING THROUGH SALVADORAN
GOVERNMENT CHANNELS. VISITING "NEST" REPRESENTATIVES
TOLD POLOFF ON APRIL 30 THAT "NEST" WAS PLANNING TO
INCREASE ITS PROJECTS IN EL SALVADOR IN THE COMING YEAR,
BUT PROVIDED NO DETAILS.
22. RECEIVING FUNDS FROM OUTSIDE SOURCES COULD BE
PARTICULARLY USEFUL TO THE STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS, WHO
ARE UNLIKELY TO HAVE MANY LEGITIMATE FUNDING SOURCES
EXCEPT STUDENT BODY CONTRIBUTIONS. THIS LACK OF MONEY
HAS RESTRICTED ACTIVITIES IN THE PAST. FOR EXAMPLE, THE
"NATIONAL DRIVE FOR PEACE" CONFERENCE REPORTEDLY ENDED
UP BETWEEN 11,000-14,000 COLONES (2,200-2,800 DOLLARS)
IN THE RED, VIRTUALLY KILLING THE BUDGET FOR
AFTER-CONFERENCE PROPAGANDA. BECAUSE THE UNIVERSITY
BUDGET HAD NOT BEEN INCREASED BY THE GOES, IT COULD NOT
TAKE ON THE FUNDING OF PEACE CONFERENCE AS PART OF ITS
SELF-ASSIGNED INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP ROLE.
23. IT IS OBVIOUS THAT FUTURE CONFERENCES WILL NEED NEW
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SOURCES OF FUNDS, AND DOLLARS SENT FROM THE U.S. WILL
PAY THE BILLS NICELY. ANOTHER ADVANTAGE IS THAT FUNDS
COMING IN FROM SISTER UNIVERSITIES ARE UNLIKELY TO HAVE
ANY ACCOUNTING CONTROLS AND CAN EASILY BE DIVERTED TO
OTHER PURPOSES, UNLIKE MONEY PROVIDED BY MORE
PROFESSIONAL GRANT-MAKING ORGANIZATIONS, WHICH ARE
UNLIKELY TO FUND ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS AGEUS.
24. IN ADDITION TO THE FUNDING, THE RELATIONSHIPS
ESTABLISHED THROUGH TOURS, EXCHANGE PROGRAMS AND
"SOLIDARITY COMMITTEES" CONTRIBUTE IN SOME
UNQUANTIFIABLE WAY TO THE PROTECTION OF UNIVERSITY
PERSONNEL. UNIVERSITY ACTIVISTS HONESTLY BELIEVE THAT
THEY WOULD DISAPPEAR OR BE TORTURED AFTER CAPTURE IF NOT
FOR THE LIFE-SAVING BARRAGE OF PUBLICITY FOLLOWING
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ARRESTS -- AND THEY CONVINCE THEIR U.S. AUDIENCES OF
THIS. AND EVEN THOUGH TREATMENT AFTER ARREST MAY BE THE
SAME BY SECURITY FORCES IN ALL CASES, THE KNOWLEDGE THAT
AN ARREST CAN IMMEDIATELY BECOME A CAUSE CELEBRE CAN BE
INHIBITING TO A DETECTIVE CONSIDERING AN ARREST ON
OTHER-THAN ABSOLUTELY SOLID GROUNDS. (IT IS UNCLEAR HOW
THE SOLIDARITY NETWORKS AFFORD PROTECTION IF THE SOURCE
OF VIOLENCE IS THE LEFT, NOT THE RIGHT.)
25. WITHIN THE COUNTRY, UNIVERSITY ACTIVISTS ARE
GEARING UP TO PROTECT THEMSELVES AS WELL. "THE
COMMITTEE FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE UNIVERSITY," STAFFED BY
SOME OF THE VERY PEOPLE LIKELY TO BE PICKED UP BY THE
POLICE, WILL UNDOUBTABLY BE ACTIVE. THEY HAVE ALREADY
GIVEN ONE DEMONSTRATION OF THEIR ABILITY TO RESPOND TO A
PERCEIVED THREAT, WITH THE ARREST OF QUEZADA. RADIO
ANNOUNCEMENTS, NEWSPAPER ADS, TELEPHONE ALERTS, WERE ALL
DONE QUICKLY AND PROFESSIONALLY.
26. BUT THE DIRECT BENEFITS OF ADDITIONAL FUNDS AND
PROTECTION OF RADICAL POLITICAL ACTIVISTS MAY NOT THE
MOST IMPORTANT POINT. RODOLFO ROSALES, VICE PRESIDENT
OF AGEUS SAID TO POLOFF THAT "THE FUNDING IS NOT THE
IMPORTANT THING, THAT IS SOMETHING THAT WILL ONLY
DEVELOP OVERTHE NEXT TWO OR THREE YEARS. WHAT IS
IMPORTANT IS THAT THE U.S. PEOPLE BE IN SOLIDARITY WITH
THE UNIVERSITY, AND THAT THEY UNDERSTAND THE TRUE
SITUATION IN EL SALVADOR AND CAN WORK TO CHANGE U.S.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES." CLEARLY, THE OVERRIDING GOAL IS
TO RAISE THE REVOLUTIONARY CONSCIOUSNESS
("CONCIENTIZACION", IN SPANISH) OF U.S. STUDENTS IN AN
EFFORT TO MOBILIZE PUBLIC OPINION AGAINST U.S.
INVOLVEMENT IN EL SALVADOR, IN MUCH THE SAME WAY THE
SISTER CITIES PROGRAMS AND THE SANCTUARY MOVEMENT
INVOLVE OTHERWISE APOLITICAL GROUPS IN THE SUPPORT OF
THE FMLN.
27. EXCHANGE PROGRAMS, SPEAKING TOURS BY "OPPRESSED
STUDENTS," AND SOLIDARITY COMMITTEES SERVE TO REACH NEW
AND SYMPATHETIC AUDIENCES FOR THE CAUSE. SANCTUARY FOR
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"OPPRESSED" SALVADORANS SERVES THE SAME FUNCTION IN
HUNDREDS OF CHURCHES ACROSS MIDDLE AMERICA. A
PRESBYTERIAN MINISTER WAS RECENTLY QUOTED IN THE U.S.
PRESS AS SAYING THAT THE INDIVIDUALS GIVEN SANCTUARY IN
HIS CHURCH HELP "TO SEE THE SITUATION NOT IN TERMS OF
NUMBERS OR ABSTRACTIONS, BUT IN VERY PERSONAL TERMS.
THE ANGUISH BECOMES VISIBLE ON A DAY-TO-DAY BASIS." THE
MINISTER WENT ON TO NOTE HIS COMMITMENT TO SPREADING
WORD ABOUT THE "REPRESSION" OCCURRING IN EL SALVADOR AND
GUATEMALA. THE SAME HOLDS TRUE FOR STUDENTS ATTENDING
TALKS BY SALVADORAN STUDENTS TOURING U.S. CAMPUSES. THE
SALVADORANS PRESENT A CASE WHICH IS VERY APPEALING --
MANY OF OUR CALLERS SAY "QUEZADA (OR WHOEVER THE OBJECT
OF THE CALL IS) CANNOT BE A TERRORIST. I MET HIM AND HE
IS ONLY STRUGGLING FOR LEGITIMATE GOALS."
28. THIS "PERSONALIZATION" OF THE PROBLEM BY SEEING THE
ANGUISH IS ALSO BROUGHT HOME BY U.S. VISITOR TOURS TO EL
SALVADOR AND THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. A CAREFULLY
GUIDED TOUR OF THE CAMPUS, PAST THE BOMBED AND BURNED
BUILDING OF AGEUS, A RELIC OF THE EARLY YEARS OF THE
WAR, CANNOT HELP BUT SERVE TO RADICALIZE OR ACTIVATE
AMERICAN VISITORS. PERSONAL CONTACT BRINGS HOME THE
WAR. THE VISITS ARE A NEW PHENOMENON IN EL SALVADOR.
WHILE IN THE PAST LEFTIST SYMPATHY WAS FROM AFAR,
AMERICAN CITIZENS ARE INCREASINGLY PREVALENT IN
ACTIVITIES IN EL SALVADOR, INCLUDING DEMONSTRATIONS AND
OTHER EVENTS. THIS WILLINGNESS TO VISIT EL SALVADOR
AND STAY FOR EXTENDED PERIODS APPEARS TO REFLECT
INCREASED CONFIDENCE BY AMERICAN CITIZENS THAT THEY WILL
NOT BE KILLED BY THE SAME DEATH SQUADS THAT THEY
COMPLAIN STILL EXIST AND STILL THREATEN THE UNIVERSITY.
29. "CONCIENTIZACION" IS AT BEST A MEANS FOR SLOWLY
BUILDING SUPPORT COUNTRY WIDE IN THE U.S., BUT RECENT
PUBLIC COMMENTS FROM FMLN LEADERS POINT TO A CHANGE IN
FMLN THINKING ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE WAR. REALIZING
THAT AN FMLN VICTORY IS IMPOSSIBLE OVER THE SHORT AND
MEDIUM-TERM, THE FMLN IS CHANGING ITS TACTICS TO A
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"GUERRA PROLONGADA" (PROLONGED WAR) OF INDEFINITE
DURATION IN ORDER TO DESTROY U.S. DOMESTIC SUPPORT FOR
THE U.S. COMMITMENT TO EL SALVADOR. THE FMLN IS CLEARLY
HOPING TO RE-CREATE AN ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT IN THE U.S. TO
HASTEN THE MOMENT WHEN U.S. SUPPORT FOR THE GOES
DISAPPEARS. UNABLE TO DEFEAT THE ESAF, THE FMLN IS NOW
HOPING TO OUT-WAIT THE "GRINGOS" BY PLAYING ON U.S.
IMPATIENCE WITH LONG-TERM COMMITMENTS AND EMPHASIZING
THE ALLEGED "REPRESSIVE" NATURE OF "THE U.S. PUPPET
REGIME."
30. IT APPEARS THAT IN ALL THESE SOLIDARITY ACTIVITIES,
THE FPL IS THE DOMINANT INSURGENT GROUP. THE SOLIDARITY
ACTIVITIES OF THE UNIVERSITY ARE USUALLY LED BY MEMBERS
OF THE FPL, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF "SISTER
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UNIVERSITIES? FOLLOWS THE PATTERN OF ESTABLISHMENT OF
"SISTER CITIES" IN FPL-CONTROLLED TERRITORY. WHEN
MEMBERS OF INSURGENT ORGANIZATIONS ARE ARRESTED BY THE
SECURITY FORCES, THE BIGGEST AND MOST IMMEDIATE RESPONSE
FROM THE U.S. SEEMS TO BE FOR ARRESTS OF FPL MEMBERS OR _
LEADERS. THESE SOLIDARITY EFFORTS IN THE U.S. FIT IN
WITH WHAT WE KNOW OF THE FPL EMPHASIS IN CHALATENANGO ON
ORGANIZING THE POPULATION TO SUPPORT THE FPL, IN
CONTRAST TO THE DIFFERENTLY STRUCTURED AND MORE ALOOF
PEOPLES REVOLUTIONARY ARMY (ERP) IN NORTHERN MORAZAN.
IT IS WORTH NOTING, IN THIS CONTEXT, THE NUMBERS OF FPL
MEMBERS WHO RECEIVED THEIR ACADEMIC INSTRUCTION AT THE
JESUIT-RUN UNIVERSIDAD DE CENTRO-AMERICA, WHOSE RECTOR
-- DR. IGNACIO ELLACURIA -- HAS CLOSE AND CONTINUING
PERSONAL TIES TO MUCH OF THE FPL LEADERSHIP. DR.
ELLACURIA HIMSELF HAS FREQUENTLY SAID THAT HE BELIEVES
IT IS A NECESSARY FUNCTION FOR UNIVERSITIES TO KINDLE A
REVOLUTIONARY FERVOR IN THEIR STUDENTS, THAT THEY MAY
SERVE AS THE VANGUARD FOR CHANGE IN A REACTIONARY
SOCIETY.
31. IN THE FUTURE, AS MILITARY AND POLITICAL PRESSURES
INCREASE ON THE VARIOUS COMPONENT ORGANIZATIONS OF THE
FMLN, WE CAN EXPECT TO SEE MORE OF THESE ORGANIZATIONAL
ACTIVITIES, NOT ONLY FROM THE FPL, BUT FROM OTHER
INSURGENT GROUPS AS WELL, AS GROUPS RECOGNIZE THEIR
USEFULNESS FOR GETTING NEW FUNDING AND APPLYING
COUNTERVAILING PRESSURES AGAINST BOMBING OR ARRESTS.
END COMMENT.
CORE
END OF MESSAGE CONFIDENTIAL
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