EMPLOYEE POLYGRAPH PROTECTION ACT

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CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3
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November 4, 1987
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD?;HOUSE BRING HOME OVERSEAS IN- vEsTmENTS, AND CREATE JOBS IN marticlk (Mr. TRAFICANT asked and was given permission to address the House for I minute.) Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Speaker. America's top 100 multinational corpo- rations have assets of $600 billion overseas. Their overseas profit alone was $27 billion in 1985. Think about it. If we could bring home half of that invest- ment, $300 billion, we would create 5 million new manufacturing jobs. We could rebuild our factories and start to cut our deficit, but let us face it. As of now, the only program in effect is to provide rustproof paint to empty factories and empty buildings with unemployed Americana in some souplines in the future. 0 1100 What bothers me is that if you speak out on this issue, you are called a protectionist. I say today that every- one in this House is a protectionist You are either protecting America or you are protecting worker% overseas. For years now we have been telling our kids that America Ia the land of opportunity, and unforttinately it is still true, but only for those manufae- turing plants in Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore. / think America better do soinething about it. INTRODUCTION OF RADIOAC- TIVE MATERIALS TRANSPOR- TATION ACT (Mrs. MEYERS of Kansas asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend her remarks.) Mrs. blEYERS of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, this year there will be about 1,400 shipments of high-level nuclear waste and 2.8 million shipments of low-level waste. In the future, this number will increase as sites are chosen for both high-level and low- level waste disposal. This transporta- tion of nuclear, waste across our Nation is fraught with the slim, lbdt very real, potential for catastrophe. ' To lessen this risk, we must ensure that nuclear wastes are transported in as safe a manner as possible/ Of the safety inspectors employed by the De- partment of Transportation, only one, that's right one, is a specialist in nu- clear matters. Therefore, I sin intro- ducing the Radioactive Materials Transportation Act .to mandate the hiring of 20 addftienal safety inspec- tors by DOT lo specialise in the trans- portation of nuclear waste. This bill issirdple and direct. It is In- tended to prevent accidents by ensur- ing that safety regulations are en- forced and maintained. We need more Inspectors to license commercial driv- ers, inspect the containment casks, railroad tracks, major signal* and de- termine optimal transport routes. Every state Is affected by t/da issue. 1 auk allmit colleagues to support the Radioactive Materials Transportation Act. U.S. CONTR113IITION8 TO THE UNITED NATIONS (Mr. WEISS asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remits.) Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, today Con- gressman Jim LEACH and I will be writ- ing to our distinguished Foreign Af- faits ,Conuaittee chairman, the gentle- man from Florida, Mr. DANT. FAScELL, supporting his efforts and urging the conferees onthe State DePartMent au- thorization bill to fully fund the United States required contribution to the United Nations. - Mr. Speaker, this issue transenda the ourreht InidgetarY aitue.tion. The Reagan administration itself has called attention to the fact that the failure to meet our asseseed contribu- tion to the United Nations would clearly violate our treaty obligations. The situation is particularly embar- rassing in light of the recent decision by the Soviet- Union to pay notenl,ir its annual assessment to the United Na- tions,. but all. its outstanding debts as wen. mitileaves the United Stated; an the largest debtor to 'the United Na- tiOns. ? For the 'United States to be in t situation represents a drastic dePar- ture, from our historical role as a morel leader in, the company of law- abiding natio*. Mr. Speaker', there Wan urgent need to strengthen respect for; international law and the capacity of the United Na- tions to fulfill its responsibilities. I urge my colleagues on the Foreign Affairs Committee to join us in sup- Mill* Chairman PARC= in full funding for the United Nations. /QUESTIONS FOR CANDIDATE , GEPHARDT (Mr. GINGRICH asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and ext.end his remarks.) Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker. I simply want to ask all of our friends on the Democratic Party side and par- ticularly thou who support Dim Gap- HARDT for President to talk with Con- gressman Daur Gucssuir about the call-in show we did last night on C- SPAN for sur hour, to ask him about the seven out of the nine callers who said they would never vote Democrat again, to ask about the tone of outrage on the part of .viewers who watched last Thursday, who were disputed to see House Members raise their own. pax, give away tax breaks to every Member of the Democratic leadership and violate- the spirit of the rules of the House. . I would .be glad to provide a tran- script of the callers to the debate. November 4, 1987 I think as the news media pays at- tention and starts to ask ebagressman GEPHARDT what he do to clean up the House, we wiji discover that very rapidly it beemMes 'impossible to hide, raise your mai pay, .late the spirit of the rules, give away tax Meeks to the big bilys, and go home and claim you did not mean to do it PUT THE TRADE DEFICIT ON raiz Achott?A (Mr. ALEXANDER asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 =to and to revise and extend his re .) M. ALEXANDER. Mt. epeaker, yes- terday the dollar plummeted again when traded against' f 'ten curten- pies, losing several nte in its value in Japan, and the other Major marking *round the world. This was anOther 'signal to the President and tOMetnb oTaCongress who are attempting:the ned eco- nomic summit that we tukiSt put the trade deficit on the agenda. The 'budget deficit which has con- sumed' most of the $tsem Is' part part of the probleni, arkrbe half the problem. Th addredethe entire prob- lem, one must put the trade deficit on the agenda in order to restore the eco- nor& business of Atneriea: . EMPLOYEE POLYGRAPH PROTECTION ACT - Mr. WHEAT. Mr. Speaker, by direc- ion of the Committee ter Rules, I call p House Resolution 295 :and ask for immediate consideration. ? The Clerk read the resonation, as fol- lows: H. Ras 295 Resolved, That at any time after the adop- tion of this resolution the Speaker may, pursuant to clause l(b) of rule XXIU, de- clare the House resolved into the Commit- tee of the Whole House On the State of the Union for the consideration of the bill (MR. 1312) to prevent the denial of employment importunities by prohiletbag the use of lie detectors by employers Involved in or affect- ing interstate commerce, and the first read- Ing of the bill shell bedispiesed with. After general debate, Which shall he confined to the bill and which Shall not exceed one hour, to be tonally *tided and controlled by the chairmen add ranging minority member of the -Caromittee an Education and Labor, the bill shall be Considered for amendment under - the We rule. It shall be in order to comidu theAmendment in the nature of it substitute recommended by the Committee on suWatlan and Labor now printed in the bill is in original bill for the purpose of amendment onder the five- minute rule and each *Mara of said substi- tute shall be considered, as having been read. -dt the conclusion Og the consideration of the bill for _amendment, the Committee shell rise andd report the bill to the House with such amendments as t have been adopted, and any ..bittinier' , demand- lieparate. vote in the *ease set any amend- silent adopted in the!' of the Whole to the bill or to the committee amendment in the nitres el a slubstitute. The previous Queitionahell. be Gmmideni.d as Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9529 ordered on the bill and amendments thereto to final passage without intervening motion except one motion to recommit with or without instructions. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Missouri [Mr. WHEAT] is recognized for 1 hour. Mr. WHEAT. Mr. Speaker, for the purpose of debate only, I yield 30 min- utes to the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. TAYLOR], pending which I yield myself such time as I may consume. (Mr. WHEAT asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. WHEAT. Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 295 is an Open rule 'provid- ing for the consideration of H.R. 1212, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act. The resolution provides for 1 hour of general debate to be equally divided and controlled between the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Educa- tion and Labor. The rule further makes in order the amendment in the nature of a substitute recommended by the Committee on Education and Labor and now printed in the bill as original text for the purpose of amendment. The substitute shall be considered for amendment under the 5-minute rule and each section shall be considered as having been read. Finally, Mr. Speaker, the rule pro- vides for one motion to recommit, with or without instructions. Currently, numerous Americans are being subjected to polygraph examina- tions as a condition for obtaining and Maintaining employment. Studies con- ducted by the Office of Technology Assessment indicate that these exami- nations are no better than 85 percent reliable. Thus these tests are unreli- able in determining with full accuracy, the honesty or dishonesty of an em- ployee. H.R. 1212 would prohibit the arbi- tary and indiscriminate use of poly- graph examinations in preemployment screening or in the conduct of employ- ee relations. It would also prohibit an employer's use of indirect suggestions that an employee submit to a lie detec- tor test as a condition for employment and the bill would make it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against an employee because he or she exercises their rights as provided under this act. Finally, Mr. Speaker, this measure requires that employers post notices informing employees of their rights under this act imposes up to a $100 per day civil penalty for fail- ure to comply with the posting re- quirement, and imposes up to a $10,000 civil penalty for other viola- tions of this act. Mr. Speaker, H.R. 1212, is a measure which protects the rights of this coun- try's citizens to work in an environ- ment free of indiscriminate question- ing. I urge that we adopt the rule so that we may proceed to consideration of this measure. Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume. Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 295 Is an open rule under which the House will consider a bill prohibiting the use of lie detector tests by all private em- ployers not involved with intelligence and counterintelligence work for the Government. The rule makes the Education and Labor Committee amendment for H.R. 1212 in order as original text for the purpose of amendment under the 5- minute rule, and the committee amendment is to be considered by sec- tions. Last, the rule provides one motion to recommit, with or without instruc- tions. Mr. Speaker, this bill made in order by the rule is highly controversial. Judging by the number and wide vari- ety of amendments that have already been filed, it is apparent that the House will spend a considerable amount of time perfecting the bill. Mr. Speaker, I can find no good reason why private sector employers should not be allowed to continue to use polygraph testing when screening potential employees. Polygraph test results are currently used by various government agencies in the most sen- sitive areas, such as national security and criminal law enforcement. Last year, when a similar bill was of- fered, the House voted to permit poly- graph testing in the private sector for those that work in the private securi- ty, utility, pharmaceutical, day care, and nursing home industries. Mr. Speaker, Under this open rule, we will again have the opportunity to amend the committee bill. I support this rule, and urge its adoption so that the House may proceed to bring up the bill. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. GUN- DERSON]. (Mr. GUNDERSON asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Speaker, I simply want to rise in support of the rule and the opportunity that it pro- vides for us to have an open consider- ation of this legislation. As the rank- ing Republican on the Employment Opportunities Subcommittee which has jurisdiction over this legislation, I have had the opportunity over this session and previous sessions to listen to all the debate regarding this par- ticular piece of legislation as it comes before us. There is no question, as the gentle- man from Missouri said, that there is a great deal of controversy surround- ing this legislation. Polygraphs are controversial means by which we ques- tion employees and prospective em- ployees in our society today. Forty-one States have recognized that controver- sy and have passed legislation. As a result and despite that, the legislation before us today seeks to preempt every State law in the land and to determine that we at the top at the Federal level know best how State legislatures, how local governments, and indeed how private business across this country ought to conduct themselves in this regard. Some would suggest that we ought to regulate the tests. Some would say we ought to limit the exposure of the tests. The legislation in front of us today seeks to ban totally the use of polygraphs in the private sector, with only a couple exceptions. I would suggest to my colleagues, Mr. Speaker, that this is a good rule because it allows us a long and open debate on the legislation that is before us. I would call to the attention of my colleagues that it is an open rule which brings to us, however, a very contentious and very controversial piece of legislation. Mr. TAYLOR. Mr, Speaker. I have no further requests for time, and I yield back the balance of my time. Mr. WHEAT. Mr. Speaker, it is clear that the rule does provide consider- ation for a bill over which there is sig- nificant disagreement, but the rule provides ample opportunity for dis- agreement and discussion of all the Issues involved. Mr. Speaker, I have no requests for time and I move the previous question on the resolution. The previous question was ordered. The resolution was agreed to. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- ant to House Resolution 295 and rule XXIII, the Chair declares the House In the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union for the con- sideration of the bill, H.R. 1212. 0 1114 IN THE co/earns OF THE WHOLE Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union for the consideration of the bill (H.R. 1212) to prevent the denial of employment opportunities by prohib- iting the use of lie detectors by em- ployers involved in or affecting inter- state commerce, with Mr. GONZALEZ in the chair. The Clerk read the title of the bill. The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to the rule, the first reading of the bill is dis- pensed with. Under the rule, the gentleman from California [Mr. DiarrnizZ1 will be rec- ognized for 30 minutes and the gentle- man from Wisconsin [Mr. GUNDERSON] will be recognized for 30 minutes. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from California [Mr. Mumma 0 1115 Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may con- sume. (Mr. MARTINEZ asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, as chairman of the Employment Oppor- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 II 43W CONGRESMONAL REt01113 NOOSE tunnies Subcommittee. I rise in sup- port of H.R. 1212 banning the use of lie detectors in the private workplace. H.R. 1212 came out of my subcom- mittee and passed the House last year 235-173. Thhi year witnesses from the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, and the legal establishment all testi- fied that there is no basis of scientific validity whatsoever that the lie detec- tor works. Last year we heard from the head researcher of the Congres- sional Office of Technology Assess- ment study on the issue who thor- oughly debtmked the validity of the lie detector. Scientifically, the evi- dence is in, the polygraph Is no more effective for discerning truth and dis- honesty than a black voodoo box. Gentleman. I wish that there was a scientifically reliable measure, so that businesses can effectively deter the loss of their property and profits. However, I can only offer some prag- matic advise to employers who face this very real problem: use sound per- sonnel and-management methods of thorough background checks and apply narrow audits of inventory and cash. Not only are these methods ehearor but they ean more effectively target theft than the etimbersonse and time-consuming lie detector machines. In addition, eompanies will avoid trou- blesome litigation that are being won more and more by the complairdng employees. The proliferation of polygraph test- ing in our Nation is affecting 2 to $ million Americans annuaRy. Even at a 00-percent success rate, which is widely disputed, some 300,000 Ameri- cans annually will be falsely accused of crimes and thefts that they did not commit. The sad part is, the chronic thief and experienced liar will be able to beat the lie detector, while hyper- sensitive innocent workers will fail the test Wad have their lives ruined. Mr. Chairman, we need to have con- trol over the rampant abuse of a prac- tice which currently has confused the business community into relying on an instrument and process that Is fatally flawed and causes long-term harm to Innocent workers. Polygraph me is available now, but it has not effective- ly deterred or detected the ongoing theft in our workplaces. Finally, I do want to point oat that losses from theft in the workplace should not be attributed sole?, to the dedicated worker* of the coMpany, but often are the result of Management level and white-eollar pilferage and embankment. These management level and white-eollen officials are cur- rently exempt from the practice of polygraph testing. I urge my colleagues to support us on this bill and vote against the weak- ening amendments offered today. Mr. GUNDER0ION. Mr. Chairman. I yield myself 0 minutes. (Mr. GUNDKRSON asked and was given perndadon to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, this is not the most controversial piece of legislation that we will deal with in this Congress, but it is very controver- sial, and it is not the most important piece of legislation that we will deal with in this Congress, but it is impor- tant. I would like to take a little bit of time today to provide some back- ground on where we are and where I suggest this bill may lead us. First of all, the bill before us, H.R. 1212, is wrong because of its approach. There As no debate that the polygraph has been used improperly across this coun- try in certain cases. So we have vari- ous options. We can regulate its use, we can limit its use or we can totally ban it. Unfortunately, the legislation before us today takes the absolute ultimate extreme of totally banning the use of polygraphs except in two isolated ex- emptions in the private sector. Second, in taking this approach it re- jects the !Act that 41, of the 30 States, plus the District of Columbia. have al- ready taken the initiative to regulate In this area It is one thing for the Federal Government to act when the States are refusing to do their job. But when 41 States and the District of Co- lombia have already taken it upon themselves to properly regulate as they see fit for the conduct of business In their State, why do we at the Feder- al level want to come in and say to 41 State legislatures. 41 Governors, you are all wrong, we at the Federal level know better than you. That gets into my second concern, which is hypocrisy. This legislation before us today allows the use of the polygraph for the highest national se- curity in our country. We allow it for the Department of Defense we allow it for the CIA, we say for the most Im- portant national concerns in this coun- try Itis OK to use the polygraph. But it is not OK for the private sector to use it because it is too umoliable. How does one justify that kind of inconsist- ency back home to one's constituents? We tell the Department of Energy in this legislation that they can use it be- cause nuclear power is too risky. But In this legislation we tell every public utility in the country you cannot use it In terms of nuclear power because it is too unreliable. We tell NASA you can use it in terms of high technology, but we tell every private firm and science foundation in the country you cannot use it in terms of protecting the high technology or the biotechnology of your industry because it Is so unreli- able. What kind of message do we send here today with that kind of hypocrisy and inconsistency? The legislation before us today does not learn from what we did last ses- sion, it does not build on that. It still prohibits the use of the polygraph in the area of drugs, it prohibits the use of the polygraph in protecting our nursing home residents and our day Notiensbe!' 4,1987 care young children, and in the securi- ty industries with those gentlemen and women who carry guns in the pro- tection of private business and finan- cial institutions and in employee theft. There is over $40 billion a year of em- ployee theft in our Nation, and get this, over $7,125 a minute is stolen by employees from the companies they work with. Yet this legislation says even after that employee is on the job and has the work record, we are not going to allow the polygraph as one of the many investigatory tools' to try to get at that kind of employee theft. Then, as I. mentioned earlier. the Drug Enforcement Administration, which supports' the. use of the poly- graph when properly administered, will tell you that over 1 million doses of drugs are stolen each year, and yet this legislation bans testing. I would hope today during not only the general debate but during the amendment, process that we would try to puraue the responsible use of the polygraph, which is and ought to be a proper and legitimate concern for each and every one of us. We should protect against the abuses in testing. However, at the same time we must recognize the findings of the Office of Technolo- gY Assessment study of 1933 which said meaningful scientific evidence of the polygraph's validity could be found in the area of investigations of specific criminal incidents. ? Earlier this year, on May II, we ac- cepted an amendment at the gentle- man from Florida to establish a per- manent polygraph program for nation- al defense by a vote of 34$ to 44. On June 14 of this year by a vote of 414 to nothing we accepted an amendment by the gentleman from Florida. On June 14 of this year by a vote of 414 to nothing we said that we ought to establish a comprehensive embassy and diplomatic security program. Mr. Chairman, there are reasons- to consider regulation. Thom is Da Ma. &Won to take the extreme in the leg- islation before us. We ask yen to listen and debate, to participate and suPPort the amendment* so that if we are going to Impose mandates on these 41 State legislatures, we at least do AO on a reasonable and consistent- basis. Mr. MARTIN, Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Dsassad. (Mr. DARDEN asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman from California for yielding me this time. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong and adamant olaPosition to the Polygraph Pmtectiors Act. ER. 1212. Before I get- into nry discussion of my opposition to the bill in It. present form I.want to take a moment to com- mend my colleague, the gentleman from Montana, Mr. PAT WILLIMILS. MY good friead. and the chairman of the Breployinent? Opportunity Sub- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9531 committee, the gentleman from Cali- fornia [Mr. MARTINEZ], for once again bringing this issue to the floor of the House of Representatives for debate. There is no question that this is a sub- ject that should and must be dealt with by this Congress, and I look for- ward to the debate. And even though we disagree, Mr. Chairman, on a number of the provisions in the bill, and in fact we even disagree on the ap- proach to be taken, I think special commendation should go to the gen- tleman from California [Mr. MARTI- NEZ] and the gentleman from Montana [Mr. WILLIAMS] for the very fair manner in which they have permitted the debate to go forward, especially in the Rules Committee, where we have now received an open rule so that whatever is the result of this House, those of us who oppose the Polygraph Protection Act cannot say we have not had a full and fair hearing. So it is with this statement that I would like to point out to the chair- man of the full committee that the op- ponents of this bill have been dealt with fairly, and I am most grateful to the gentleman from California [Mr. MARTINEZ], the chairman of the sub- committee, as well as the gentleman from Montana [Mr. VA'Limits], for giving us a chance to fully and com- pletely debate this very controversial topic. Mr. Chairman, in the very famous words of Alexander Haig, "This is not an experience I haven't been through before." Or, in correct grammatical terms, we have previously discussed this issue at great length. This House has gone on record as supporting the use of polygraphs. Last year during debate of the Polygraph Protection Act the House said poly- graphs are proper for all employees of government agencies, at all levels of government, for consultants to the na- tional security agencies, for employees of drug-related firms, for security serv- ice employees, employees at public utilities, for children's day care center employees and nursing home employ- ees. Incidentally, I will offer an amend- ment at a later time to exempt em- ployees of children's day care centers. Just 6 months ago, Mr. Chairman, 345 Members of this House of Repre- sentatives said polygraphs were legiti- mate tools for ensuring our national security. Just 5 months ago the House voted unanimously to establish a poly- graph program for diplomatic and em- bassy security personnel. The argument that the polygraph is some type of hocus-pocus, or witch- craft, or a torture machine has firmly been rejected by the Members of this House. We may not want to admit it, but by our previous votes we have le- galized this machine. We have, and there is no denying it. Mr. Chairman, I submit that if the polygraph is a legitimate investigative tool for these few industries and for all government employees, it is a le- gitimate investigative tool for all pri- vate industry. The gentleman from Florida [Mr. YOUNG] and I will once again offer a substitute amendment which recog- nizes the inconsistencies in the ap- proach taken by the Committee on Education and Labor. Our substitute takes the necessary steps to correct any abuses that may be occurring while still granting the private sector a decision. Mr. Chairman, every individual in this Nation is affected by the practices of dishonest employees, just as we would all be affected by individuals in the Department of Defense or in the Department of State who practiced es- pionage. This House has taken steps to ensure our national security is not jeopardized, yet we are considering eliminating the very tool used by these departments by passage of this legisla- tion. Why is it acceptable, Mr. Chairman, for the polygraph to be administered to an employee of the Department of Agriculture or the Federal Aviation Administration and yet be disallowed to the local grocery store owner? Why can a city or county employee in my district be polygraphed, but a bank teller or bus driver cannot be poly- graphed? My point, Mr Chairman, is that we are extremely inconsistent to allow the use of polygraphs in the public sector on the one hand and to disallow them in the private sector on the other hand. I say, Mr. Chairman, if there are abuses in the system, let us correct the abuses. Let us not eleminate the system. I urge Members of this body to sup- port the substitute amendment as a reasonable and measured approach to this issue. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. NEAL). (Mr. NEAL asked and was given per- mission to revise and extend his re- marks.) 0 1130 Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I have several questions concerning the wide- spread use of polygraph testing and I would like to engage the opponents of this legislation in a little colloquy if I may. My concerns are on two levels. The first level is this: It seems to me that the widespread use of polygraph de- vices turns the American system of justice on its head. As we use these in preemployment screening and even in other areas, criminal investigations and so on, it seems to me we are essen- tially saying to people, "We assume you are guilty and we want you to prove your innocence." And the other area of concern to me is the wide body of literature indicat- ing that these polygraph gadgets are in fact not lie detectors, that there is no clear indication that these things do what they say they are going to do. The fact is that polygraph tests are not reliable. The problem here is an obvious one; that there are ways of fooling these gadgets. So a person skilled in deceiv- ing the gadget might be entrusted with very important information, for instance, in the area of national secu- rity or other important security infor- mation. I would welcome the chance to hear an answer to these questions. But first let me elaborate on this concern: By depending on these gadg- ets, which Senator Sam Ervin from my State once characterized as "modern day witchcraft," we will be letting people into positions of high responsi- bility and make available to very clever people our most important na- tional security secrets, and on the other hand, since these things are in- herently unreliable we will be convict- ing a lot of innocent people. Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. NEAL. I yield to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. DELAY]. Mr. DELAY. I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I will attempt to ad- dress the position of the gentleman that the polygraph is fallible. Did the gentleman vote for drug testing? And does the gentleman feel that drug testing is not infallible? Be- cause if drug testing, as we know it, is fallible, then the same idea should be taken by the proponents of this bill that we ought to throw out drug test- ing because it is not 100 percent accu- rate. Mr. NEAL. I do not recall any votes on drug testing at this moment, but if drug testing is not reliable, and I just do not know about that at this point, and that is not the subject under con- sideration this morning, but if it were not reliable then I certainly would not want to subject people to these unreli- able tests. Let me say one other thing about drug testing: Insomuch as we use drug testing in a broad way to say to people, "We are assuming you are guilty of some illegal activity and it is up to you to prove your innocence," I would be very leary of it. We have a responsibil- ity here, my friends, no matter what the State legislatures around this country have done, of protecting the Constitution. And the Constitution is clear coneerning our system of justice. It is what separates us from the totali- tarian systems. We assume our people to be inno- cent until proven guilty: under the to- talitarian systems people are assumed to be guilty and it is up to them to prove their innocence. That is precise- ly what I believe the widespread use of lie detectors, so-called lie detector tests, would be doing. Mr. DELAY. If the gentleman will yield further, does not the polygraph give the opportunity to those employ- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 11 9532 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 ? CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -'? HOUSE NoveMber 4,1987 ees who have been wrongfully accused of stealing or raping or whatever they have been accused of, the opportunity to use this test procedure along with other types of examinations? Does not the polygraph give the opportunity, as It has in this Nation for years, to clear their name, keep them out of jail, keep their jobs and to keep their repu- tation? I think it should be known that the polygraph can also be used as a tool to prove that you are innocent. Mr. NEAL. I am not aware of that. Let me ask the gentleman to describe that scenario. Do you mean where an employee requests a lie detector test? Mr. DelAY. That is correct. Mr. NEAL. That is a different ques- tion. Mr. DELAY. No, the gentleman would destroy any industry that relies on polygraph testing. You would not be able to seek employment with a company that facilitates polygraph testing because there will not be any companies in business. Mr. NEAL. Well, it is my under- standing this legislation prohibits the screening use of the lie detector test. Mr. C1UNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 minutes to the distinguished ranking member of the Committee on Education and Leber, the gentleman from Vermont /Mr. Jirromal. (Mr. JEFFORDS asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. JEFFORDS. / thank the gentle- man for yielding time to me. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- port of the bill before us. The protec- tions it will provide for workers are tang overdue. My only regret is that our colleague, Stew McKinney, is not with us today to add his voice to ours. He was a champion of this cause, and a good Mend. We are here today largely due to his hard work over many years. There will no 'doubt be a lot of dis- cussion through the comae of today, as we debate this bill and the various amendments, but it all really boils down to one stmple question. Do poly- graphs work?espechrlly in preemploy- ment screening? My response, and the response of every objective scientific observer, is that they do not work in the employ- ment setting. We are not here today to debate Whether or not there is crime in the workplace. There is crime; by white collar workereas well as blue: But the fact there ist crime dens not 'justify the unbridled use of the polygraph. On just about every other labor bill you will hear the calls to extend the bill's provisions to Congress. I say this not to belittle those efforts, became I happen to be part of them. But the si- lence on this polygraph issue is deaf- ening. No one :seems to want to require preempibyment screening of Members of Congress. This, in fact, is where the vast ma- jority of polygraph tests are adminis- tered by 1?private employers. Such screening amounts to a flailing expedi- tion, and often not a very lengthy one. This bill would prohibit the 10-minute quickie and all other polygraph tests. But the Darden-Young substitute and the various industry exemptions that will be offered do absolutely nothing to prevent the cheap, quick polygraph test. The substitute, for example, says that no more than one exam can be scheduled per hour. But that language raises more questions than it answers. There is nothing in that language to compel that the test last for an hour, and presumably unscheduled walk-on business could be conducted. The fact is that you cannot regulate the use of polygraphs. It has been tried by the States, and those efforts have failed. Enforcement is virtually Impossible, and employers circumvent the law by testing employees in one State and then transferring them to an- other. Regulating the polygraph does nothing to redress its inherent flaws. In fact, polygraph usage may actually Increase once employers believe the Government, belt State or Federal, has sanctioned its use. The Darden-Young substitute acknowledges the problems with polygraphs, but seeks to perpet- uate their use in the private sector. One of the most troubling things about polygraphs is their perverse impact. The scientific evidence indi- csdes they are more likely to tar an in- nocent person as guilty than are to Identify a thief. An honest person is concerned about telling the truth, a liar is not. The guy on the Itunu ads would pan a polygraph with flying odors. George Washington might have had trouble. And the more fundamental question Is: Why try to regulate a machine that does not work? The Office of Technol- ogy Assessment thoroughly studied the polygraph and found no evidence that it had any validity in the employ- ment setting. Aside front studies by the polygraph industry, no objective scientist has found it to be much more accurate than flipping a coin. That is why both the American Medical Asso- ciation and the American Psychologi- cal Association support the bill. The scientific theory is backed by our real world experience. Although you will hear statistics on the losses suffered by business?and those losses are very real?the one statistic you will not hear is how much the polygraph reduces those looses. Retail theft is no greater in Vermont, where the poly- graph is banned, than it is in Georgia, where it is regulated. Casino losses are no greater in New Jersey, where poly- graphs are outlawed, than they are in Nevada, which has few restrictions. There are clearly better ways to limit theft, from both an employer and an employee's perspecttre, than by strapping someone Into polygraph. At a time when many of us are calling for greater flexibility cit the part of labor and increased Iftbormanagentent cooperation, the growing use of poly- graphs in the private sector seems to head us in exactly the wrong direction. Indeed, many employers have deliber- ately banned their use. We do not need polygraphs in a free society like outs. I urge you to join us in support- ing H.R. 1212, and rejecting weakening amendments. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from California Mfr. Merrixml has 17 minutes remaining and the gentleman from Wisconsin (Mr. Gumbeasorn has 20 minutes remaining. Mr. MARTDIEZ. Mr, Chairman, I yield 3 minutes and 30 second* to the gentleman from Term (Mr. Batoortal. (Mr. BROOKS asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. BROOKS. I thank the gentle- man for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I rim in strong sup- port of H.R. 1212?the Employee Poly- graph Protection Act of 111417. This bill will eliminate the widespread and growing use of so-called lie detector tests as a condition of employment in America. It will not block their use by law enforcement agencies for actual investigations. Rather, it is aimed at stopping the growing abuse of poly- graphs used as screening tests for em- ployment. Private employers ineresa- ingly are forcing their employees to take such testa as a condition,of em- ployment even though they are not suspected of any wrongdoing. This practice is un-American?it assumes everyone to be guilty until they prove their innocence. MY views on PolltgraPhs bare been developed over many fear& as a member of the House Government Operations Committee. This commit- tee bas overseen the Government's polygraph programa since the early 1050'a and has strongly recommended against the use of polygrapha for screening ill the Federal Government In four separate reports. Several years age? the Office of Technology Assessment surveyed the scientific literature on polygraph va- lidity for the Government Operations Committee. In Its report, the OTA concluded that there was no scientifi- cally acceptable study to support the use of polygraphs for samening pur- pose& and that any validity that the polygraph test may have fin specific incident use would likely denessa dra- mattcally in a screening earnest. Ins recent update, theOTA reached similar conclusion& tn fact, they cited new studies which seriously question the validity of polygraph testing. Using figures from a Nattonal Security Sinner Progrant, isnlitgraPha getuest. ed error rates of 27 percent. That is, errors were made nearly one-third of the time. Further, other laboratory re- search indicates that those trained in simple countermegiures to beat the polygraph are Imeoessfal in EDEMA; the test or profaning an ineonclusive result 415 gement of the time. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?HOUSE Since OTA's studies, many propo- nents of polygraph use have backed away from their claims of high poly- graph validity. Instead, they argue the concept of utility. They point to nu- merous instances when the polygraph exam, or the threat of the exam, has been useful in eliciting important in- formation or even confessions. We should not confuse validity with utility. There is no question that the polygraph can be a very intimidating tool and may have some utility in that regard, just as the dunking stool, the rack, and the firing squad have had in past centuries. That would convince you to confess to damn near anything would it not, Congressman? Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chariman, will the gentleman yield, the distinguished chairman of the Committee on Gov- ernment Operations? Mr. BRO01:03. I yield to the gentle- man from Georgia [Mr. Daanstil. Mr. DARDEN. I thank the gentle- man for yielding. Mr. Chairman, would the distin- guished chairman of the Committee on Government Operations agree that as the chairman of the Committee on Government Operations the chairman has very broad powers and could well have brought legislation in this body 11 he believed so strongly that the poly- graph is witchcraft and torture, to eliminate Its use throughout the coun- try, not just in the private sector but for Government employees as well? And why has not the distinguished chairman brought legislation here to abolish the use of this machine to pro- tect Government employees? Mr. BROOKS. I would in one second. We did not have that Jurisdic- tion. We had jurisdiction to examine what they are doing, but not to pass the legislative authority. Now the Labor Committee has got it, and Judiciary may be able to get into It by eliminating the production of this kind of junky equipment, as being Illegal advertising, you know, holding out that It would do something. I am looking for another way to introduce the bill. As former President Nixon said about polygraphs on the Watergate tapes, "/ don't know how accurate they are, but I do know that they'll scare the hell out of people." This elaborate con operation should not be allowed to be institutionalized as a feature of our Nation's workplace. It is inherently offensive to American concept' of Justice. Last year, the world's largest associa- tion of psychologists condemned the widespread use of polygraph tests for screening mimeses. The American Psychological Association concluded that conducting such tests by psy- cho/tights could be unethical. The group found the scientific evidence re- garding the validity of polygraphing to be "unsatisfactory and particularly poor concerning polygraph use hi em- ployment screening." They recognized the "great damage to the innocent persons who must inevitably be la- beled as deceptors" in such screening situations. Recently, a scientific council of the American Medical Association has also munitioned the use of polygraph teat- We should not allow passing some bogus lie detector test to become a condition of employment in this coun- try. I urge you to vote for H.R. 1212 and against all weakening amend- ments. 0 1145 Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. PENNYL (Mr. PENNY asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. PENNY. Mr. Chairman, I urge a "yes" vote on H.R. 1212, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act and a "no" vote on the Darden-Young substitute and other amendments. HR. /212 prohibits the use of a polygraph in most employment situa- tions. Currently, 10 States have simi- lar statutes. In addition, /2 States go even further by effectively banning all use of such tests by employers. Plain and simple?if you believe a polygraph is an Imperfect tool and that its results may be unreliable? then you should support H.R. 1212 and oppose amendments. The Darden-Young substitute allows the use of polygraphs in most in- stances but Institutes a Government regulatory system. Get that?Govern- ment regulations! I can't believe the business community prefers this sub- stitute. The rights of America's workforce are at stake in this vote. We should make it dear that the polygraph is an inappropriate Job screening mechanism. Vote "no" on the Darden-Young big- government and redtape substitute and vote "yes" on the MN to protect employee rights. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 minutes to the distinguished gentleman from Iowa (Mr. Chuntorl, a member of our subcommittee. (Mr. GRANDY linked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. GRAN/YY. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding time tome. Mr. Chairman, today the House is considering an issue baste to the Amer- ban tradition of civil rights. The pre- sumption of innocence until guilt is proven has been a right Americans have long protected. It fit a prestures- tion which lien at the very heart of the American legal system. Purtherroore, It is a right to- which this body is obliged to uphold. I am sore we are all aware of the many violations - of privacy rights which have oceured from the abase of the polygraph. The Ares and repute- H 9533 tions of countless innocent individuals have fallen victim to the harsh reali- ties of an imperfect and perhaps even imperfectable test. The Committee on Education and Labor heard testimony from several organizations which pointed out the explosive use of these tests over the past several years. Al- though estimates on the validity and accuracy of the tests vary, it can be stated unequivacally that many inno- cent people have failed the exam. In point of fact, the exam has failed in- nocent people. Interestingly enough, this exam has also failed by proclaim- ing certain guilty individuals to be in- nocent. Clearly, the time has come for Con- gress to address this issue. I believe that the amendments that will be of- fered by the ranking minority member of the Employment Opportunities Subcommittee, the gentleman from Wisconsin (Mr. Otaitstasoel would serve to protect the American worker white maintaining the ability of em- ployers to control workplace crime. The amendment to which I refer would prevent preemployment testing, which has proven to be the most inac- curate type of polygraph test adminis- tered today. At the same time, the amendment would allow the use of polygraph testing when it has proven to be an effective tool in uncovering crime, namely, after a specific crime has been committed. By permitting the polygraph to be used in a con- trolled environment with restrictions on the questions asked, minimum re- quirements for the length of the test, and by putting the polygraph in proper perspective as only one tool among many, we will likely see a great Improvement in the accuracy of poly- graph testing. I urge my colleagues to support the Gunderson amendment. and extend to the American worker the rights which criminals already have. Having said that, Mr. Chairman, I would also have to say that although I support their efforts, I will oppose all exemptions to this bill for obvious rea- sons. If the test is ineffective for day- care, it will also be ineffective for nursing homes, and if we are going to exempt day care, are we not going to exempt kindergartens? If we are going to exempt nursing homes, are we not. going to exempt nurses or home health care deliverers? In other wont; Members have a choke tn these exemption" of selecting between a sin of omission and a sin of commission. There is no way to work this bill unless we pass the Gunderson amendment. Mr. Chairman, let us support accura- cy. Let us support the test that does work and reduce the false positives. KR. 1212 without the Gunderson amendment is unacceptable because it Is a mixture of protection for the American worker and punishment for the American bushiessznan. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9534 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. GRANDY. I yield to the gentle- man from North Carolina. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the gentleman how he can support the amendment which encour- ages an increased use of polygraphs if he says, as he did in his opening state- ment, that he thinks the polygraph test is inherently inaccurate. Mr. GRANDY. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for asking that question because it plays into the data that we received in testimony on the Employment Opportunity. Subcommit- tee which shows specifically that when the test is administered for incidents specific after the fact, the increase in accuracy raises dramatically. So in that case we have perhaps an accepta- ble gauge to judge crime in the work- place. As a preemployment tool, I probably agree with the gentleman. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, let me ask the gentleman this: The accuracy raises to what level? Mr. ()RANDY. Mr. Chairman, I am sorry. Will the gentleman repeat that? Mr. NEAL. The gentleman said the level of accuracy is raised considerably when the test is not used for preem- ployment screening but in fact used for crime-specific purposes. What is the level of accuracy? Mr. GRANDY. Mr. Chairman, I think the gentleman is asking me whether it is a hundred percent, but that clearly is not it. It is higher than the 40 to 60 percent that we have seen as a preemployment figure. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Iowa (Mr. GRANDY] has expired. Mr. GIJNDFIRSON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from Florida (Mr. YOUNG]. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, if this bill becomes law in its present form or with additional amendments to exempt certain phase of the economy or with the substitute to be offered by the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. DARDEN] and myself, or if it becomes law just like it is written today, there will be the use of poly- graphs throughout America. Let us understand that. The substitute that the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. DAituaril and I will offer answers to most of the com- plaints that we have heard from those Members who support the bill. They are concerned that the polygraph ex- amination will not be given properly or that it will be done hurriedly. The purpose of our substitute is to guaran- tee that wherever polygraphs are used In America, they will be used by trained professionals with numerous safeguards to the person being exam- ined. Again I say there is going to be the use of the polygraph under this bill, no matter what form it takes when it Is passed. Someone has called it a gadget. Maybe it is. It is a piece of equipment. Actually, the polygraph is only as good as the examiner. If the Members allow us to adopt the Darden-Young substitute, we are going to require trained professional examiners who know what they are doing and who have a law to go by when they administer these examina- tions. Someone else said there is nothing in the Darden-Young substitute to prevent a quickie polygraph exam. That is not accurate. That speaker has not read the substitute, because we provide in the substitute that the ex- aminer shall set aside a minimum of 1 hour to conduct that examination. Now, there are those who say that the polygraph does not work and should not be used. In the State of Florida, for the last 20 years poly- graph examinations have been used. There were 300,000 last year alone. Before a polygraph examination can be administered in the State of Flori- da, the examinee must be advised that he has the right to complain if he is not satisfied with the conduct of the examiner, and he is told where to com- plain and to whom. There were 300,000 examinations last year in Florida, Mr. Chairman, and there was one complaint. In the year before that there were in excess of 300,000 polygraph tests adminis- tered in the State of Florida, and there was one complaint. As a matter of fact, Florida's Secretary of State at the time testified before the other body last year about the polygraph, and I take that information from his statement. Mr. Chairman, I would like to say something to the Members, in case they missed it about what one of our colleagues said. When our colleague, the gentleman from Texas [Mr. Bscoics], took the microphone, he said something very key to this debate. He said that his committee has put out four reports suggesting that the poly- graph should be outlawed totally, in- cluding for the Government. Let us understand what he is saying, Mr. Chairman. When he says we should exclude them from the Government, he is saying that the Central Intelli- gence Agency cannot use them, the Defense Department cannot use them, and that none of our national security agencies can use them. He is saying that none of our intelligence secrets can be protected by the use of the polygraph. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Florida (Mr. Yomgcl has expired. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. VISCLOSKYL (Mr. VISCLOSSY asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong support of H.R. 1212, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act, and I also rise in strong opposition to any amendment that might be offered to weaken the bill. I speak from practical experience. I was the subject of a polygraph exami- nation, if you would, when I was in the Manhattan district attorney's office in New York City during the summer of 1972. Each of us was given a polygraph examination, not as a condition of em- ployment but to inform us of its oper- ation, its use, and its validity or lack thereof. In our group there were four individ- uals. We controlled the questions that were asked, and we answered in a neg- ative fashion to each. Two questions were true, two questions were false. In my instance, I flunked that examina- tion because the examiner mispro- nounced the name of the high school that I graduated from. A woman in our group also flunked the examina- tion because apparently she had a re- action when the examiner mispro- nounced the place of her birth. So out of that group, in a very controlled cir- cumstance, we had a 50-percent ratio. I am adamantly opposed to the use of these devices in our society. They do not have a place in our society. Mr. Chairman, my support for H.R. 1212 is not due exclusively to my anec- dotal experience. The hard, uncontest- ed truth is that, in an employment sit- uation, there is no scientific data to validate the use of polygraph ma- chines. All agree that test validity is primarily affected by the examiner, the subject and the setting. The fact remains that no one, regardless of ex- perience, can determine from a poly- graph chart why a subject responded In a certain way, whether out of guilt, fear, anger, humiliation, or intimida- tion. The ironic truth is that lie detec- tor tests have a built-in bias against truthful people. The more honest workers are, the more likely they will fail the polygraph because of their heightened sensitivity to having their honesty challenged. While polygraphs are unfair to all workers, I am concerned about their impact on minorities. In testimony before the Subcommittee on Employ- ment Opportunities, the Legal Action Center reported that the tests have a substantial discriminatory effect, on minority job applicants and employ- ees. There are two reasons for this finding. First of all, the polygraph is a measure of physiological functions, and there is research evidence of ethnic and group differences in physi- ological reactivity to stress which may affect the polygraph's. validity when used on particular groups. Second, the inherent subjectivity ? at determina- tions based on the polygraph creates extensive opportunities for conscious or unconscious biases and cultural stereotypes to affect the decisions made by polygraph examiners. So what do we know about poly- graphs? We know that there is no re- search to validate their "findings." We know that they do not gauge what Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? HOUSE they are perceived to, and we know that there is growing evidence to indi- cate that they are used in a discrimi- natory fashion. There are less drastic, more effective ways to deter employee theft and abuse that do not infringe upon an Individual's civil rights. I do not understand why criminal's are pro- tected from polygraph testing, but American workers are not. In conclusion,. I can only observe with redress that we are faced with an administration that wants everyone to take a polyaraph teat to get a joh, and take a drug test to keep the job, accept a minimum wage for the job. I urge my colleagues to join with, me and sup- port H.R. 1212 and to oppose attempts to weaken it. Mr. GUNDE.RSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. VISCLOSEY. I am happy to yield to the gentleman from Wiscon- sin. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, Is it the gentleman's intent, then, to offer an amendment during the debate today that will prohibit the use of the polygraph for national security pur- poses or prohibit Its use for our for- eign policy personal as well? Mr. VISCLOSKY. It Is not, because at this point I do not believe that the majority of my colleagues in this Chamber agree with me on that par- ticular subject. I am disappointed at that, and I regret that disappoint- ment. Mr. GUNDERSON. Why did the gentleman vote for the Mica. amend- meat?, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Vector- sxyl has expired. Mr. GUNDERSON- Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Utah Mr. Nistsorrl. (Mr. NIELSON of Utah asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. NIELSON of Utah. Mr. Chair- man,. I rise in support of H.R. 1212, the Employee Polygraph Protection Ad. I am committed to protecting the welfare of businesses and the consum- ers. Many of my colleagues and those in the areas of commerce feel that polygraph testing is necessary for pre- ventive and prosecutorial measures. As a former professor of statistics, however. I am very concerned with the validity in which the polygraph can accurately detect truth or deception. Taking information published by the U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment, ft Is surprising how inac- curately these tests have been inter- preted. The results can be summarized as follows: For guilty persons: Shown to be guilty: 65 percent. Shown to be innocent: 18 percent. Those who had Inconclusive tests: 17 percent. For innocent peso= Shown to be guilty: 19 percent. Shown to be innocent: 69 percent. Those who had inconclusive tests: 12 percent. It is easy to see that polygraph test- ing acts in- a detrimental way for inno- cent persons. As an example, assume that 5 per- cent of the people being screened are actually guilty. Also assume a very high validity rate of 90 percent. In this situation, the polygraph would only have a 33 percent predictive value, since for every person correctly identi- fied as deceptive, two innocent people would be wrongly classified as decep- tive. It is a matter of simple mathe- matics that in order to catch 90. per- cent of the guilty individuals, 68 per- cent of the people who fail the poly- graph test will have been innocent. The irony is that by basing more and more important social decisions on the results of polygraph testa, we may be producing an effect opposite to that Intended, firing the most honorable police officers, refusing to hire the po- tentially most reliable employees, while staffing sensitive positions with those lucky or clever enough to know how to beat the polygraph. I urge my fellow colleagues to vote In favor of H.R. /212. 0 1200 Mr. MARTINNA. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from New 'York IMr. STAGG!). (Mr. BIAGGI asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. BLIGGL Mr. Chairman, / thank the gentleman for yielding me this time. Mr. Chairman, I rise as an original cosponsor and strong supporter of H.R. 12/2, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act. As New York's ranking member on the House Education and Labor Com- mittee, I have heard the testimony about the abuse, misuse and overuse of polygraph testing in the private sector. However, I believe this legisla- tion offers an effective and responsible solution to that problem. Simoly put, It provides labor with important and much needed protection. As a 23-year police veteran, I believe there are certain very specific sftua- tions where the polygraph can and Should be used to help prevent crimes, and to detect criminals once a crime has been committed. This bill already has some specific allowances for those situations, and I will be supporting ef- forts later today to ensure that other exemptions are added as well, includ- ing one for certain segments of the private security industry. Those exemptions will provide for the responsible and necessary use of the polygraph, while allowing the re- maining provisions ha the Mil to pre- vent the abuse, misuse and overuse of the he defter test. This is a very fair and balanced approach and one that deserves our full support. Finally, Mr. Chairman, I want to commend the author of the bill, Mr. H 9535 WILLIAMS, and the distinguished chair- man of the Employment Opportuni- ties Subcommittee, Mr. Iiisrrime, for their untiring efforts on behalf of this Important piece of legislation. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Fstrettl. (Mr. FAWELL asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. FAWELL, Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding me this time. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to H.R. 1212, which would ban the Use of polygraphs in the private sector, and urge my colleagues to support the var- ious amendments which will be of- fered later today to allow the me of polygraphs under regulated and limit- ed circumstances. The polygraph is an important tool for deterring employee theft. Employ- ee theft, which amounts to a hidden tax on all products purchased by con- sumers, is estimated at 640 billion Per year. A 1980 Univerdiy of Minnesota study concluded that 60 percent of the employees surveyed from nine retail organizations admitted to stealing from their employers. If anything, the polygraph at least serves us tool which deters many em- ployees Irma ever considering to steal from their employers. Ha. 1212, by banning the use of polygraphs alto- gether in the private sector, takes away this deterrent. Proponents at ILE. 1212 also ques- tion the validity of polygraphs and the accuracy of test results. Yet, the bill's proponents undermine their argument when they allow Federal, State, and local governments to continue to use polygraphs. If the bin's proponents think that the result of polygraphs are not. valid in the private sector, how can they possibly be valid in the public sector? Ironically, the House already this year has recognized the validity of polygraphs when it. approved an amendment to the defense authoriza- tion bill which would establish a per- manent polygraph program for nation- al defense agencies. The House en- dorsed that amendment, and the valid- ity of polygraphs, by a vote of 345 to 44. Either polygraph results are valid or they are not? We can't have it both ways. If there are problems with the way polygraphs are administered in the private sector, KR. 1212 Is the wrong response. Because Congress has al- ready recognized that polygraphs do work in the Federal Government, at- tempts to ban their use in the private sector is high-handed hyPectwe'r. Instead of banning polygraphs alto- gether, my colleagues should support the Young-Darden substitute amend- ment. The substitute is a reasonable and responsible alternative which allows private-sector employers to con- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 119536 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 tinue to use polygraphs under strict guidelines. The Young-Darden substitute estab- lishes minimum Federal standards for the use of polygraphs in the private sector and does not preempt more re- strictive State laws. Individual rights are also protected. An employer could not deny employment, discharge, or discipline an individual based solely on the results of a polygraph exam. The substitute also places strict re- quirements on polygraph examiners. Examiners are prohibited from asking questions pertaining to an individual's religious, racial, or political beliefs, union affiliation, of sexual preference. Tougher training standards are re- quired for examiners, and an examiner could not give more than 10 polygraph tests per day. More importantly, the substitute continues to respect the right of States to regulate the use of poly- graphs, whereas H.R. 1212 imposes an outright Federal ban on their use in the private sector. I urge my colleagues to reject H.R. 1212 as a hypocritical and irrational response to the so-called polygraph problem and, instead, support the Young-Darden substitute as a respon- sible alternative. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I yield Ws minutes to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. TRAIPICANTL (Mr. TRAFICANT asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding me this time. Mr. Chairman, I find this debate very interesting: Richard Speck killed eight nurses, and he was not forced to take a polygraph. Neither was Charles Manson or the Son of Sam. Your 18-year-old daughter going out for her first job, never accused of any- thing, is going to have to take a poly- graph. Companies that rely on polygraphs have more theft than those that do not. The polygraph will never replace good personnel management and back- ground screens; and if this Congress can continue to fortify the rights of Speck and Manson, we should assist the American workers in some basic civil rights, too. What about the workers coming into the company that pays minimum wage and says, we find out that you could afford to pay more. We have a collec- tion bargaining agreement. Will the company have to take a lie detector test? This is a rights vote, and what separates us from the Soviet Union is the debate that is going on in this House today. It is a rights vote. I support this bill, and any amendment to weaken it, I will speak out against it. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. DELsy). (Mr. DELAY asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding me this time. Mr. Chairman, this debate is incredi- ble. If the Members look at the bill and the cosponsors of the bill, it will show the Members the irony of H.R. 1212. It seems interesting to me that the proponents of the bill, most of them, criticize the CIA, the FBI, law-enforce- ment agencies for Gestapo tactics. Yet, they are the very agencies that they are exempting in this bill and going to allow to use this abusive and intrusive polygraph. These are also the very people that claim they protect labor, and by doing so, protect jobs. Yet, by passing this bill, No. 1, they are destroying 100,000 jobs by putting out and wiping out 10,000 businesses that administer poly- graphs. No. 2, polygraphs vindicate employ- ees from accusations that could cost them their jobs and their reputations, and they are going to wipe that out. The same proponents a this bill are also the very ones that say they are consumer advocates. Yet this bill will remove one of the tools that is used to fight theft that results in higher prices. We ought to call this bill the Criminal Protection Act of 1987. The advocates also claim to be the protectors of children, elderly, and of women. Yes, these are the same people that want to take away the tools that would keep the child abuser out of the day-care center, keep those that mis- treat the elderly out of the nursing home, and keep the rapists and the thieves out of personal residences. I have an amendment that will exempt pest-control companies, and I will use this amendment to show the Members how ridiculous this bill is, and show the Members example after example. In one case in San Antonio, there was a rapist that was kept from being hired by a pest control company be- cause of the polygraph exam and other test procedures. If you as home- owners want to take away the ability of screening people, rapists and thieves, out from being able to come into your home, then you should sup- port this bill. If you do not, and if you want to keep these people out of these homes, and they do come in unattend- ed, then vote for my amendment. Please remember that there are all kinds of examples of horror stories of people going in to service a home and not only raping but stealing. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. DELAY. I yield to the gentleman from North Carolina. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Is it the gentleman's position that these things are accurate? Mr. DELAY. Absolutely. Mr. NEAL. Does the gentleman have any evidence? Mr, DELAY. Mr. Chairman, reclaim- ing my time, and I will tell the gentle- man how accurate they are. They are not from some study the gentleman cut out from the Institute of Justice, but accuracy of the practi- cal marketplace. If they were not accurate, companies would be wasting their money using them. They use them because they are 85- to 95-percent accurate. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. ANDRZWO. Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding me this time. Private industry does have a real problem, and that is in screening em- ployees and trying to avoid theft. The answer, I believe, does not lie with the polygraph machine, with a lie detector. We know from the estimates we have heard here in the debate today that they are only accurate some- Where between 8 and 10; and 25 per- cent of the time they are fallible. They do not work. The response for business is to do it the old-fashioned way, to carefully screen their prospective employees, to examine their recommendations, to talk to their previous employers, but not a fallible lie detector. I served 4 years III the district attor- ney's office in the Houston area. Most of that time I worked in prosecuting organized crime cases and major drug rings in the Texas area. I am telling the Members, time and time again, the lie detector proved un- workable and fallible, and was not a useful tool, even in the very most com- petent hands. In one instance I tried a defendant who robbed a camera store in a small shopping center. He was covered in a hood in a jumpsuit, and at the point of a gun in about 3 minutes he robbed a young woman of the money in the store. He had six alibi witnesses, and he took three polygraph tests. Two were administered by the police depart- ment. He passed all three. The State was prepared to dismiss the case, but the young woman over and over again said that this is the man that robbed me. The case was tried, and I wondered whether the guilty verdict and the 15 Years that the Jury gave that defend- ant were correct. Two weeks later they brought the defendant into the court- room manacled and ready to be sent away. Everyone in the room but the jury knew that that man had passed those lie-detector tests. He leaned to the bailiff, and he whispered to him, "You know, if I had killed that young woman, today I wOuld never be in this mess now." Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9537 They are fallible, they do not work, and it is very important by this bill that we limit their use as much as we can. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. DELAY]. Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. I wanted to ask the gentleman from Texas [Mr. ANDREWS], my good neigh- bor and friend from Houston, does the gentleman believe that drug tests are 100 percent infallible? Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. DELAY. I yield to the gentleman from Texas. Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Of course not, but we can be rela- tively sure that they are more accu- rate. If I could answer the gentleman's question? Mr. DELAY. Are they 80 percent in- fallible? Mr. ANDREWS. If I could have an opportunity to answer your question? Mr. DELAY. Are they 80 percent in- fallible, 90 percent? Mr. ANDREWS. If the gentleman would stop interrputing me and let me answer the question. the American Medical Association has stated over and over again that a lie-detector test is just about as accurate as a flip of the coin. That is not true with drug testing. Mr. DELAY. There are studies that refute that. I am just asking the gentleman if drug tests are fallible. Is the gentle- man suggesting that we require 100 percent accuracy on all tools to stop criminals? Is the gentleman for or against drug testing? The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas [Mr. DELay] has expired. Mr. GLTNDERSON. Mr. Chiarman, I yield myself 30 seconds. Mr. Chairman, I point out to the Members that the gentleman from Texas who just told the story did not point out that the gentleman was the prosecutor, the one obviously who was involved and supportive of the admin- istration and the results of those poly- graph tests; but now after the individ- ual referred to was convicted, now the gentleman chooses to believe the person who was convicted. I just suggest that we put this story In its proper perspective. I am not sure I believe someone who is convicted of this kind of a crime, is this type of person the one we ought to be relying on in determining whether a poly- graph is or is not valid. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chiarman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Montana [Mr. WILLIAMS]. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding me this time. Mr. Chairman, I urge support for this legislation. I am the prime spon- sor of this bill. The Members are going to be voting today on whether or not to halt what is an absolute epidemic in the growth of the use of the lie detector gadget in the American workplace. One hundred eighty-two of the Members have joined me in cosponsor- ing this legislation. It has the support of the American Medical Association, the American Psycological Associa- tion, the AFL-CIO, the American Civil Liberties Union. These organizations join me in op- posing all specific exemptions and weakening substitute. Similar legislation passed this House last year by a vote of 236 to 173; and it had, as does this bill, broad bipartisan support. 0 1215 Yes, there is an epidemic explosion in the growth of the use of lie detector in the United States. The American Polygraph Association tells us that last year there were 2 million lie detec- tors tests given in the United States, and that number has tripled in just the past 10 years. Now, when folks hear that there have been 2 million tests given, they say, "Well, sure, that's the FBI, the CIA, the National Security Council, and local police giving those tests." Not true. Ninety-eight percent of the 2 million tests given last year were not given by public agencies. They were given by private employers against their employees and 75 percent of those 2 million tests were given against people who were only applying for a job. They had not been accused of any wrongdoing. It is the 18-year- old who wants to be a stenographer, and they say, "Come here, sit down. We are going to strap you in and make you prove that your are not guilty of something." Only about one-fourth of the tests are given to investigate workers who might be accused, usually wrongly ac- cused, of some crime or other. The broad support for lie detectors stems from the simple fact that there Is no scientific evidence that shows that these gadgets, these so-called lie detectors work. Employers in this country have been deceived by the myth that a metal box plugged into a wall socket can detect truth from lies. If you believe that somehow all liars have universal physiological responses, that is, they all perspire about the same rate, their respiration increases at about the same rate, their heart beat increases at about the same rate, across all liars in the United States, then you think the gadget works. I suggest that that is like believing in Pinnochio. You believe that when you lie something physiological happens to you. In the case of Pinnochio, his nose got longer. In the case of the accused, you start to perspire more. There has been much made here on the floor of the House about the use of the lie detector by the Federal Gov- ernment. Yes the Federal Government uses them. Two percent of the tests given last year were given by all public agencies, including the Federal Gov- ernment. But the Federal Government gives them in ways far different than private employers do. The Department of Defense is a user of lie detectors, but this Congress limits the number of lie detector ex- aminations that can be given by that Department. The Department of De- fense itself has regulations that in- volve the preinterview, the test itself is given under specific controlled condi- tions, postinterviews, and again they limit the number they give. Then they forbid themselves down at the Depart- ment of Defense to use the lie detector as the sole determinant as to a per- son's questionability or lack or ques- tionability. Do they work? Well, they might be 85 percent effective, according to the people who support the gadget. Now, let us see what that means. Let us say that an employer has 1,000 job applications and the employer sus- pects that 10 percent, or about 100 of those 1,000 job applications, are dis- honest people, about 10 percent. So he gives the lie detector teats. Now, if it works at the maximum, at 85 percent, that means that 85 out of the 100 people that they suspect, 85 of them will be correctly identified by the lie detector but remember, 15 per- cent of them, or 135 prospective em- ployees, will be misidentified. Thus, here is what happens. The lie detector will accuse out of the 1,000, it will accuse 220 suspects, of whom 61 percent will be wrongly identified. Out our way in Montana, we like western music, and I will close with this for now, my friends. There is a song by a Western singer called Tom T. Hall and there is a line in that song that says: "If you hang them all, you will get the guilty." Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BARTLETT]. (Mr. BARTLETT asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to H.R. 1212 and to urge a "yes" vote in support of many of the amendments that will be of- fered to help to do what some of the sponsors of the bill say that they want to do. I would like for the House in these remaining minutes to back up just a little bit and cut through the smoke and the haze and talk about what H.R. 1212 actually does. Now, some of the proponents and the speakers have said that they be- lieve that the polygraph either never works or almost never works and thus they would prohibit it. They would say it should never be used. Yet the bill Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 11 9538 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE itself provides, authorizes the use of the polygraph by Government agen- cies. Others would say that the poly- graph is an imperfect tool and some- times does not work, and yet this bill before us. and make no mistake about it, prohibits the use of the polygraph by any employer other than a Govern- ment agency, prohibits them in post- employment, prohibits it in the case of theft, prohibits it in the case of preemployment, prohibits no matter what the occupational needs are of those employees. Let us back up to a few facts. First, this bill in its form today does not clarify the use of the polygraph. It does not limit the use of the poly- graph. It does not correct abuses. It simply prohibits the use of a poly- graph examination which is currently being used as one tool, as one determi- nant in preemployment and postern- ployment theft. So we do not have before us a bill that somehow corrects abuses. We have a bill before us that eliminates the use of the polygraph in all but Government agencies. Second, it does have law enforce- ment implications, and I think we ought to understand that. If you do not believe that or do not understand It, well, call your local ponce depart- ment at call your defense contractor who has to to to enforce =Waal se- curity. The fact is that when a theft or a breech or a violation of health or safety has occurred in a nursing home or a btu* or &defense coat:actor, that employer uses a variety of determi- nants to determine who they can eliminate as suspects and then turns the criminal case over to the police. Take away that tool, and you take away the law enforcement agency's ability to enforce the law. Third, let us examine the civil rights argument that is so often trotted out and is overused it is somewhat trite. It has been said that the polygraph is not permitted as evidence in a crimi- nal case in a court of law, and that is true; but the fact is that when employ- ers hire employees we have long un- derstood that those employers use all kinds of tests that are not allowed in a court of law. They use literacy tests sometimes if it is part of the job quali- fications. They use hearsay evidence by cheecking references. They inter- view employees without the presence of an attorney. References are used. Hearsay evi- dence is used. Interviews are used without the rules of evidence. Now, the fact is that the polygraph has changed and that in today's world the use of the polygraph is not used by industry as a sole determinant be- cause industry is trying to hire and to find qualified employees. Industry uses and business uses today, and we have evidence and testimony in the hearing record, industry uses the po- lygraph as one determinant, as one in- dicator, just like they use references, just like they Use personal interviews, just like they sometimes use written examinations. They . use it as one de- terminant. This bill does not say that they could use it as one determinant This bill would say that under no circum- stances can a polygraph be used as any - indication. That is not fair to the other employees and it is not fair to the customers and it is not fair to the individual homeowners who those em- ployees will be entering their homes at all times of the day or night, and it is not fair to the consumer. Mr. Chairman, I urge a "yes" vote for the Darden-Young substitute which does what many Of the propo- nents of H.R. 1212 say they want to do, and that is to limit abuses, correct abuses, provide a framework, adopt minimum standards. If that is what we want to do, let us adopt minimum standards. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself the balance of the 30 sec- onds I have left. Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MARTINEZ. I yield to the gen- tleman from Michigan [Mr. Conran]. (Mr. CONYERS asked and was given permission to revise and extend blare- marks.) Mr. CONYERS. Mt Chairman, this bid will provide important and-needed protection for hundreds of thousands of workers who am victimized each year by weldable and intru- sive paiygReff Compulsory polygraphs as a preemploy- ment testing demise represent a threat to all job- -seekers. additionally, there is mounting evidence that they represent an even more serious danger to black workers. What the new evidence- indicates i that the polygraph is not only a threat to the privacy of all, but is a special threat to equal opportunity for black Americans. None of this evidence may represent con- clusive proof that polygraphs discriminate along racial lines. But it certainly constitutes Important danger signs. The data reflects something that is already widely accepted: that the most important determinant in the ac- curacy of polygraph testing is the tester. What this new data suggests is that testers just bring their own subjective biases to the proc- ess. The fight for equal employment opportunity in this country has not been an easy one, but we have made much progress in recent years. We cannot afford to see those gains eroded through back door means. The unreliability and intrusiveness of poly- graphs is reason enough to pass H.R. 1212. The evidence that they are also racially biased makes it absolutely imperative. I am attaching to these remarks the follow- ing documents which are part of that mount- ing body of evidence of the racially discrimina- tory nature of the polygraph: The opinion of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois in the case of Moon v. Cook County Police end Corrections Merit Bank No. 78 C 1572 (Jan. 18, 1980). The court there found that the plaintiffs had presented sufficient evidence to establish that November 4, .1987 the defendant's preemployment polygraph test failed blacks at a significantly higher rate than whites. The case settled after this court ruling and the settlement included an agreement to eliminate the polygraph requirement. The complaint in Johneon v. Aildiallaf'S inc., No. 85 Civ. 9691, filed Dec. 12,1985, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern Dis- trict of New York. charging that InalYgraPff tests have a racially discriminatory effect. Paragraphs 20 and 21 of the complaint de- scribe the findings made by the New York States Division of Human Rights before the case was filed in Federal court. The division found the charge of discrimination supported by probable cause. The case was settled for $25,000. A statistical report by John van Nam, chair- man of Columbia University's Department of Statistics, filed in support of the complaint in Johnson versus Alexander's. The statistical analysis is based on. data on polygraph tests outcomes admitted by the defendant. Over a 15-month period, during which more than 1,000 applicants were tested. 73.4 peseta of the whites passed the test, while only 63.6 percent of the blacks passed. EEOC Decision No. 79-44, February 23, 1979. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission determined that a charge of dis- crimination was supported by reasonable cuase In a case where the applicant was re- jected on "psychological seaside" for falling a polygraph '1st the evidence Showed that blacks nem -pauchdlogiesitydiequalllied at higher rate then whites. An .exeserpt -bent a report by The *flee of Technology Assessmenton "Scientific Validly of Polygraph Testing A Research Review and Evaluation" (November 1983). The OTA's report states that research conducted ENNIS- culturally Indicates Matthew we ethnic differ- ences in response to stress that may affect the detection of deception. An excerpt from an article by Paul R. Sack- ett and Phillip J. Decker, "Detection of Decep- tion in the Employment Context A Review and Critical Analysis," Personnel Psychology, Vol. 32 (1979). The avow** refer to research evidence of ethnic differences in physiological reactivity to stress that could affect the accu- racy of test results for different groups. They also note "the potential for factor* such as first knprersions, prefedices and stereotypes to consciously or unconsciously affect the overall judgment made by tits examiner." An article by Daniel Justin, lies, Dam Lies?and Polygraphs," from The National magazine, December 51, 1985, discussing the discriminatory aspect, of polygraphs. [In the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, No. 78 C 15723 Hamm L. Moon, annum. v. Coca Courry POLICE AND COARECEIONE MEW BOARD, Jams L. 0/Caers, Sumer 1 BEICNER, NAMED. W. NOLAN. E. 'Jams Onanurr, Ronan, C. Commies, IVO, POI:MADE LAN. ORATORY, DEFENDENTS. OEM This cause comes before the court on plaintiff's objections to the Magistrate's order of September IT, 1879 recommending that defendant's 1100LION for simunary judg- ment be granted and the ems deadened. Per the reasons herein stated. this court, after reviewing the additional evidence presented after the Magistrate's report, denies defend- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05 : CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE ant's motions to dismiss and for surnmarY Judgment. Also before the court is plaintiff's motion to certify the class. For the reasons herein stated, this motion is granted. Plaintiff. Harold Moon, a black, brings this action challenging the creation, admin- istration, evaluation, and use of polygraph teats administered to applicants for the po- sition of Cook County Correctional officer. Plaintiff, after taking the polygraph test, was informed that he had not received a sat- isfactory grade on it and, consequently, was rejected as an applicant. Plaintiff brings this suit alleging that the polygraph tests discriminate against blacks in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. a 2000e, et seq., 42 U.S.C. a a 1981 and 1983, and the Fourteenth Amendment. The defendant, in moving for summary judgment and dismissal, contends that there can be no discrimination where, as here, twice as many blacks as whites were hired as Correctional Officers over the five year period covering 1974-1978. However, summary judgment under Rule 56, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, is an extreme remedy which should be sparingly employed. City National Bank of Port Smith, Arkansas V. Vanderboom, 422 F.2d 221, 223 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 300 U.S. 905 (1970); Homan Mfg. Co. v. Long, 242, F.2d 645 (7th Cir. 1957). It should be entered only when "the pleadings, depositions, an- swers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issues as to any ma- terial fact and that the moving party is enti- tled to Judgment as a matter of law." Rule 56, Fed.R.Civ.P. The basic mission of the summary judg- ment procedure is to allow a court to pierce the pleadings and assess proof in order to see whether there is a genuine need for a trial. Gauck v. Meleski, 348 F.2d 433 (5th Cir. 1965). Issue finding and not issue reso- lution is the court's task under such proce- dure. Hackensack Water Co. v. Village of Nyack, 289 F. Stipp. 671 (S.D. N.Y 1968). In performing its task, the court must draw in- ferences from underlying facts contained in such materials as affidavits, exhibits, and depositions, in a light most favorable to the non-movant. Technograph Printed Circuits, Limited v. Methode Electronics, Inc., 356 F.2d 442, 446-7 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 384 U.S. 950 (1966). The non-movant's allega- tions must be taken as true, to the extent that they are consistent with its evidence before the court. See Goodman v. Mead Johnson & Co., 534 F.2d 566 (3d Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1038 (1977). It is the court's duty to resolve all doubts as to the existence of a genuine issue as to material fact against the moving party. Technograph Printed Circuits, Limited v. Methode Elec- tronics, Inc., supra. In the instant case, this court finds a clear question of material fact as to whether the use, administration, evaluation, and creation of the polygraph tests employed by the Cor- rectional Department operates discrimina- torily against blacks. First, we note that defendants conten- tions, that there can be no discrimination where twice as many blacks as whites have been hired during the 1974-1978 period, lack serious merit. Numerous cases have held that a racially balanced work force cannot immunize an employer from liability for specific acts of discrimination, here the al- leged employment of the polygraph test. See e.g., Turnco Construction Corp. v. Wal- ters, 46 L.W. 4967, 4970. And, in the instant case, plaintiffs have es- tablished by statistical evidence a prima facie case of discrimination based on the in- formation contained in defendant's files. These statistics demonstrate that a higher percentage of blacks failed the polygraph test than whites taking the same test. In fact, plaintiff's expert correctly determined from the information available that there was one chance in 1,000 that in 1976-1978 the proportion of blacks who failed the polygraph would be as great as 72.5% (where 67.5% of those taking the test was black) if blacks had had an equal chance of passing the test. In 1978, 65% of those who took the poly- graph were black and 74% of those who failed the polygraph were black. But, 31.2% of those taking the test were white, yet only 21.5% of those who failed were white. Plain- tiff's expert correctly determined that the chance that this proportion of blacks would fail the test absent discrimination is less than two in 10,000. Based on the statistics, plaintiff has prof- fered sufficient evidence to constitute a prima facie case of discrimination. While defendant correctly notes that the percentage used for the number of blacks taking the test was an assumption based on the percentage of blacks who applied, plain- tiff used all the information available to him and defendants have offered no other figure that they allege to be more precise. While this assumption must be tested, its mere existence without some contrary evi- dence from defendants, is not enough to un- dermine plaintiff's efforts to establish a prima fade case. In fact, in Hester v. South- ern Railway Co., 497 F.2d 1374, 1379-1381 (5th Cir. 1974), a case cited by defendants in challenging the use of assumptions by plain- tiff, the defendant there, unlike the defend- ant here, offered testimony that plaintiffs percentages were miscalculated because ap- plicants "deselected" themselves. Defend- ants have not offered any such testimony nor proof explaining the basis for their challenges to plaintiff's assumptions. The Supreme Court case of New York City Transit Authority v. Blazer, 99 &Ct. 1355, 1364-1366 (1979) is likewise not applicable where, as here, defendant's have not offered any explanation as to the likelihood that plaintiff's assumptions are inaccurate in tote. Moreover, in Blazer the Supreme Court acknowledged that the available sta- tistics could possibly have proven a prima fade case. This court also find it noteworthy that plaintiff's statistics are compiled from records which were in defendants possession and defendant's challenges are logged against statistics for which plaintiff could find no records because, as defendant's admit, "the Merit Board does not have in its possession all of the white forms collected in 1977 and 1978." In fact, defendants ef- forts to undermine the validity of plaintiff's statistics is based on less reliable assump- tions than plaintiffs. For the foregoing reasons, this court finds that summary judgment and/or dismissal is inappropriate at this Juncture . . . [U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York] BARBARA JOHNSON, PLAINTIFF, AGAINST, ALEXANDER'S, INC., DEFENDANT (Complaint) PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 1. This is an action brought pursuant to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 41 U.S.C. Section 2000e, seeking declaratory and injunctive relief to redress the injury done to the plaintiff. Barbara Johnson, as a result of the defendant's policy and practice of denying employment to job applicants and new employees solely on the basis of a polygraph test. The de- fendant's polygraph tests, which are used as 11 9539 an initial condition of employment for posi- tions at the defendant's stores in New York State, have a substantial discriminatory impact on job applicants and employees who are black. These tests are not justified by business necessity: they are not accurate and cannot serve as a valid predictor of future job performance. Accordingly, the defendant's policy and practice of condition- ing employment on polygraph test results violates the Civil Rights Act. JURISDICTION 2. The jurisdiction of this Court is invoked pursuant to 42 U.S.C. la 2000e-5 (f)(1) and (1 )(3), the jurisdictional provisions of Title VII. Because this action arises under the laws of the United &idea, Jurisdiction also lies under 28 U.S.C. 1331. The plaintiff also seeks declaratory relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. a 2201 and 2201 and Rule 57 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. PARTIES 3. Plaintiff Barbara Johnson is a 42 year old black woman. She is a citizen of the United States and the State of New York, and resides in Manhattan. 4. Defendant Alexander's, Inc. (herein- after referred to as "Alexander's") is a cor- poration operating a chain of department stores. Its principal corporate office is locat- ed at 500 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York. STATEMENT Or THE FACTS AND APPLICABLE LAW A. Alexander's Denial of Employment to Ms. Johnson. 5. Ms. Johnson applied for employment as a "fitter-checker" (dressing room attendant) at Alexander's in October of 1981. On or about October 15, 1981, Ms. Johnson took and passed the requisite written test and was given an interview, During the inter- view she was told that if she received the job she would be required to submit to a Polygraph test. IL On October 19, 1981. Ms. Johnson began working for Alexander's On a part time basis. She worked every day that week and the beginning of the next week. During this period, she performed the duties of her job in a satisfactory manner. 7. On October 27, 1981, Ms. Johnson was required to take a polygraph test at Alexan- der's Lexington Avenue store. 8. Ms. Johnson asked the polygraph exam- iner, an Alexander's employee, what would happen if she refused to take the test. She was told that she would be fired. Ms. John- son submitted to the test. 9. Ms. Johnson truthfully answered all of the questions that were put to her during the polygraph test. After the test was com- pleted, she was told that she would be in- formed of the results. 10. On October 30,1981, Ms. Johnson was instructed to report to the store personnel manager. The personnel manager told Ms. Johnson that she had "failed" the poly- graph test and that it was Alexander's policy to terminate persons who fail the test Ms. Johnson was discharged from em- ployment that day. B. Alexander's Policy and Practice of Con- ditioning Employment on Polygraph Test Results. 11. Ms. Johnson was denied employment pursuant to a policy and practice of Alexan- der's, which continues in effect to the present, requiring all employees in certain positions to pass a polygraph test as an ini- tial condition of their employment. 12. The polygraph tests that are required by Alexander's as an initial condition of em- ployment (hereinafter referred to as "initial polygraph tests") are administered to job applicants and new employees before or Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 11 9540 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE November 4, 1987 shortly after they commence their employ- ment at Alexander's. The tests are adminis- tered by polygraph examine= employed by Alexander's. 13. The initial polygraph tests are used by Alexander's to assess whether an applicant or new employee is being truthful or decep- tive when answering questions relating to his or her background, past employment and past behavior. 14. The job applicants and new employees who are required to submit to an initial polygraph test are deemed to have "failed" the test, and are denied employment, if (a) the job applicant or employee makes admis- sions in the course of the polygraph test that disqualify him or her from employ- ment; or (b) the polygraph examiner deter- mines, by examining the charts recorded by the polygraph machine, that the job appli- cant or employee gave deceptive answers during the teat. 15. The policy and practice described above in paragraphs 11 through 14 applies uniformly to all Alexander's stores in New York State. 16. Ms. Johnson was denied employment by Alexander's, pursuant to the policy and practice described above in paragraphs 11 through 14, solely because an Alexander's polygraph examiner determined that Ms. Johnson's polygraph charts indicated that she gave deceptive answers during an initial Polygraph test. C. The Discriminatory Impact of Alexan- der's Employment Policy. 17. Alexander's policy and practice of de- nying employment to job applicants and new employees solely an the basis of the outcome of an Initial polygraph teat results in the disqualification of a disproportionate- ly high percentage of black employees and job applicants. 18. Alexander's use of polygraph tests as an initial condition of employment is not justified by business necessity. The initial Polygraph tests used by Alexander's are not accurate, cannot detect deception and are not a valid predictor of future Job Perform- ance. 19. By making employment decisions, in- cluding the decision to discharge Ms. John- son, on the basis of an employment test that has a disparate import on blacks and is not Justified by business necessity, Alexander's violated and continues to violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. ?2000e-3(a). D. Administrative Charges Filed by Ms. Johnson. 20. On April 23, 1982, Ms. Johnson filed a complaint with the New York State Division of Human Rights charging Alexander's with unlawful discrimination in employment on the basis of race. Ms. Johnson's discrimina- tion charge was filed with the New York District Office of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (hereinafter re- ferred to as "the Commisnon") on or about June 22, 1982. The Commission deferred in- vestigation of the charge to the State Divi- sion of Human Rights. 21. The State Division of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as "the Division") conducted an investigation of the racial impact of Alexander's polygraph testing. On September 19, 1985, the Division issued a de- termination that there is probable cause to believe that Alexander's polygraph testing discriminates on the basis of race. The Divi- sion's investigation found that "Itlhe fig- ures Ion the racial Impact of polygraph test- ing at Alexander's) establish that Black em- ployees fail the polygraph test at a statisti- cally significantly higher rate than others. . . ." Additionelly the respondents have not shown that the use of the polygraph is a compelling business necessity. . . ." ("Basis for Probable Csnise," dated September 13, 1985). ? 22. On November 15, 1981, the Commis- sion issued a Nodes of Right to Sue author- izing Ms. Johnsoik to file ? civil action in federal district court The Notiee of Right to Sue was issued at Ms. Johnson's request, pursuant to 20 C.P.R. 9 1601.28(a), because more than 189 days hal darned einem the filing of Ms. Johnson's charge with the Commission. PRAM 'OR Run" Wherefore, plaintiff requests that the Court: A. Declare, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. i 2201. that Alexander's policy and practice of de- nying employment to job applicants and new employees solely on the basis of the outcome of an initial polygraph test violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. as amended, 42 U.S.C. 9 30006-2(a), B. Enjoin Alexander's from continuing RE use of initial polygraph tests as a condition of employment; C. Order Alexander's to offer the plaintiff reinstatement to her position, and award her back pay and all other benefits of em- ployment from the date of her discharge; D. Award the plaintiff reasonable attor- neys' fees and the costs and disbursements incurred in the prosecution of this action. E. Grant such other relief as may be deemed appropriate. Dated: New York, NY, December 12, 1985. Respectfully submitted, Mummer K. Moon, Joe Bum, (Legal Action Center of the City of New York, Inc.) Attorneys for Plain- tiff, Barbara John- son STATIST/CAL RZPORT mu TEE CASE Or Jommsom wants Immouotomal (By John Van Ryzin, Ph.D., Chairman, De- partment of Statistics and Professor, Divi- sion of Biostatistics, Columbia University) strannute This report covers a statistical analysis of the results of "initial polygraph tests" and "security interviews" administered by Alex- ander's from August 1, 1980 through Octo- ber 27, 1981. The statistical analysis seeks to address the question: Does the administra- tion of the initial polygraph test given by Alexander's show substantially different pass _ proportions for blacks and whites, which are not attributable to chance by usual statistical practices? In answering this question, the analysis is done for the com- parison of the black pass proportion with the white pass proportion, and for the com- parison of the black pass proportion with the pass proportion for all non-blacks. The defining characteristics of the "initial polygraph test" and "security interview" are described in the Pretrial Order 5Stipulated Facts, 9 14-21). The initial polygraph test is part of the security interview procedure. In- dividuals may fail the security interview either (1) by failing the initial polygraph test (i.e., such persons are found, by means of the polygraph test, to have been decep- tive in answering test questions), or (2) by making admissions that disqualify them from employment. To analyze the racial impact of the initial polygraph teat, my analysis excludes instances where Alexan- der's records indicate that failure was based upon disqualifying admissions. However, if Alexander's records are found to be insufficiently reliable in distinguishing between persons who failed the security interview solely because of a finding of de- ception on the polygraph test, and Persons who failed because of admissions, then the data concerning the results of the overall "security interview" may be viewed as the best available measure of the initial poly- graph test's impact on different groups. Ac- cordingly, I have also done a statistical anal- ysis for the comparison of black and white pass proportions, and for the comparison of black and non-black pass proportions for the data on the results of the security inter- view (i.e., including admissions). Based on the detailed analysis carried out below, I conclude that, for the initial poly- graph test, the black pass proportion of 83.6 percent versus the higher white Pass Pro- portion of 73.4 percent is not due to chance alone. In fact, the probability of the white pass proportion being this much higher than the black pass proportion Is approxi- mately .001 (one in a thousand). This is - based on a difference in the pan propor- tions of 3.11 standard deviation units. The standard deviation analysis measures, in standard statistical units of variation, the significance of the disparity between the ob- served difference in the pass proportions and the result one would expect to find in a race-neutral test: no difference in the pass proportions for blacks and whites. A stand- ard deviation of more than 2 units is com- monly considered by statisticians as not due to chance alone. A similar analysis, of the black pass proportion of 63.6 percent versus the non-black pass proportions of 70.9 per- cent has a standard deviation of 2.82 units. The probability that such a larger pass pro- portion for non-blacks is due to chance alone is approximately .002 (two in one thousand). Furthermore, if one compares the propor- tions for the entire "security interview" pro- cedure (I.e., including admissions), the re- sults are as followe (1) Per the black pass proportion of 58.2 percent versus the white pass proportion of 70.4 percent, the stand- ard deviation is 3.86 units, representing a probability of approximately .0001 (one in the ten thousand) that the larger white pass proportion was due to chance alone. (2) For the black pass proportion of 58.2 percent versus the non-black pass proportion of 86.1 percent, the standard deviation is 3.07 units, representing a probability of approximately .001 (one Ins thousand) that the larger non- black pass proportion was due to chance alone. The above statements are justified in a more detailed explanation which is Present- ed in the remainder of the report. Based on the above results, I conclude there is clear statistical evidence that, black applicants and new employees given the initial poly- graph tests administered by Alexander's during the period cited had a significantly lower pass proportion on the test when com- pared with both whites or non-blacks; and, furthermore these differences are not rea- sonably attributable to chance alone. Thus, I conclude that the initial polygraph test administered by Alexander's has an unfa- vorable impact on black applicants or new employees. Statistical analysis of the entire "security interview" procedure likewise shows that the Alexander's security inter- view has an unfavorable impact on blacks. DETAILED ANALYSIS The statistical analysis for the statements presented in the summary above will now be given in detail. The data upon which these statements are based in given in Table 1 below. The data represented in Table 1 comes from the chart agreed upon by the parties in the Joint Pretrial Order (Stipulat- ed Facts, 123). This table does not include Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9541 applicants of unknown ethnic origin and tests for which the results are unknown. The total number of such persons Is a mere 19 out of 1457 persons taking the test. Since this is only 1.3 percent of all persons taking the test, the omission of such small num. bers would not result in statistical conclu- sions essentially different from those given above. Also omitted from Table 1 are five "incomisure" test outcomes. These are omitted because no employment decisions were made on the basis of ineonclusive tests. In two instances, employees failed a first test but requested and were given a second test. In these two cases, only the outcome of the second test is recorded in the Table. since only the second test resulted in an em- ployment decision. TABLE 1.?IXIA ON POLYGRAPH TEST RESULTS OF 1433 KNOYM CASES BY ETHNIC GROUP Ethnic group Test results Aims Pas Fs1 ? White 240 87 14 BIM 44 2% 46 Asian 23 4 0 Native American 0 T I Table 2 presents the pass proportions as percentages by ethnic group with and with- out admissions included. Note that the last row of table 2 presents the combined rates for all ethnic groups which are non-black. TAME 2?PASS PERCENTAGES BY ETHNIC GROUP Ethnic gad PaSS ipercestars Iddie security Pr" Mamie* oda% fadmiseicon Mita 73.4 704. 63.6 58.2 Manic 66.5 AN A. ha 85.2 0.0 0.6 MAIM 75.0 661 To analyze the data front Tables 1 and 2,5 standard statistical technique of comparing two binomial proportions is employed. See, for example, Mosteller, Rourke and Thomas (WM. pa 311)-323). LipeciScally. four anahr- ses were- done: (1) comparing the black and white pass proportions for the initial poly- graph test (without admissions included). (2) comparing the black and non-black pass proportions for the initial polygraph test. (3) comparing the black and white pass pro- portions for the security interview (includ- ing admissions), and (4) comparing the black and non-black pass proportions for the security interview. A detailed explanation of the statistical procedure used will be given in the case of the comparison of the black and white pater proportions for the initial polygraph teat (lee (1) above). These results are given in TableS below. The esniparisons in (2) to (4) above follow a shailar procedure and the re- sults are stated in Tables 4 to &below. The statistical procedure used makes the following assumptions. Swim& we have two populations of applicants taking the polygraph test. In ease (l), these porde- lions are the black. applicant pooi and the white applicant pool. We assume that the applicants in table I are st random, sample of the applicantt, pool for each racial group. Under those assumptions, it is well-known that the number of whites who pass have what is called binomial population with un- known pass proportion Th. The number of white passes in this sample can be designat- ed a,. while a4 designates the same* size for whites. In case (1) above, ss-MO and n.=322=240-141 (see row one of Table 1X Similarly, the number of blacks- who pass hose a bluomial distribution with unknown pass proportion a. lo the sample under Ethnic group Pass Fai Total Pass proportion study, the observed black ntnisber of passes Is its =443, and the black sample sire n.s= 704= 4411+25g (see row two of Table 1). We now ask the question: is pr-it (the un- known racial group pass proportions are the same) as opposed to whether ps'os (the un- known white pees proportion is higher than the unknown black paw proportion)? To answer this question, we begin by compel. Mg the two observed proportions. TABLE 3.?STATIST1CAL RESULTS FOR WHITE VERSOS BUCK PASS PROPORTIONS ON THE mobit. POLYGRAPH TEST - . dared myth' rash _ Wsenstproportort f2- of black passes. The estimated standard error, here .0315, is a measure of the expected spread of the observed difference Statistical theory says that if we divide the difference ;r-i& by the estimated standard errors, we get a sta- tistic which measures the number of nor- malized standard deviations contained in the observed difference in this case, the z-value is 3.11. .091 s-- 3.il. s .0315 A a-value at more than 2 is commonly con- sidered to be statistically significant. In other word& when the revahre exceeds 21 the observed difference in pass proportions cannot reasonably be attributed to chance alone. By reference to statistical tables, the z- value can be used to determine the probabil- ity that the observed difference In pan pro- portions would occur by chance. In this case, the probability of the observed a-value being as large or larger than 3.11 is Prob(observed a value 3.11) -=Probtobeerved difference >Me) .001 That is, the probabilky of seeing an ob- served differences as large or Wier than .000 *f indeed the pass proportion() are equal for the white and black applicant pools (;,--i.)( is approximately one in a thou- sand (1 in 1000). Bence, we can conclude that this difference is too large to be reason- ably attributable to chance alone. Thus, the pass proportion for whites who take Al- exander's initial polygraph test, ie higher than the pass proportion for the teliula- the of bled test-takens We can conclude that Nadu) aunpored to soluble suffer a dis- advantage from the initPm polygraph test administered by Alewandees. Furthermore, such a disadvantage cannot be attributed band on the observed data to chance alone. We summarize the result for the compari- son of the white vs black pain proportions for the initial polifgrapit teat in Table 3 below. (See (1) above). 448 2 : r4 240 Total 681 343 1,031 0.687161.7111=; Observed riffeence of prepertlen-,-,-;..,734-.636...18/4 Estimated standard error at diflusence-8.11315. Normalized standard deviation mks= s -.098/0315=3.11. Probability (ikerrid germ ).11113) =Ali (Iii 1011). TABLE 4.?STATISTICAL RESULTS FOR NON-SLACK VERSUS BLACK PASS PROPORTIONS ON THE ININAL POLYGRAPH TEST Ethnic group Pan fad Total Phi propolein lbabhdi 434 180 618 =IV- Total 886 436 1,322 0.670(411%)..; Oboned Own of Estimated standard Error of Diffarera=ri..8214 Normalized standard deviation units =:--..073/.0259=2.112. Probability (demi einem >4173)-.1412 (lb 1000). TABLE S.?STATISTICAL RESULTS FOR WHITE VERSUS RACK PASS PROPORTIONS ON THE SECURITY INTERVIEW (Mc gram Pm Fait NM Pass mportim 240 101 341 0i/(14(71,45)-ii. Bildt 448 325 770 .Nzw.nbl geo 423 1,111 0.643(111.914,4 Obeened %foram of pnexistions.j. Estimated standard error of deferenm=r-.03811 Norriallaestmartdmietion antI-a--lW 6016-UI Probabilh. bakomed dillmense .022...11141 ini140(10). TABLE 6.?STATISTICAL RESULTS FOR NON-BIACK VERSUS BLACK PASS PROPORTIONS ON ENE SECURITY OVERVIEW Mit gaud Pm Fd TM Pas media Non-black. risst 2322,1 6764 (1.6544..14(a Black 186 547 1,411 tustata4-it Observe %Terme of progortims-Ait-A=.681 Estimated standard ener of dIfference=4.1257. Nalbot dmiatimeolts=vii .1114/.4574103. Pobsbiliq liwaidansw ?,1091....686 (1 ilk' Ito* The conclusion I reach from Tables. 3 through 6 Is that if one compares the black pass proportion to either the white or non. black proportion for the initial polygraph test or security interview. there is a large. normalized standard deviation indicating most dearly that Alexander% administra- tion of the initial polygraph test and securi- ty interview baa an. unfavorable Impact on blacks. RZPIRRITCH Mosteller, P., Bourke, R, and Thomas, G.B., Jr. (11)70). "Probability with Statistical Appilcations," 2nd Ed, Adffison-Wesley Publishing Co, Reading, MA. POLYGRAPH TEST As BIASED IMPACT Decision of Equal Employment Opportu- nity Commission Decision No. 794-44, Febru- ary 23, 1079. TIT= VII--CIVIL =Gan OP1941 Pre-employment hiquiries-Paychological Exam-Polygraph.-Rejection of appli- cant for police employment because he failed a psychiatric test war rectally de- crhninatory where the precednres need, which included a polygraph test, ? (Sequa& fled black applicants at a disproportionately Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9542 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE high rate and were not shown to be related to successful job performance. Back reference.-11420.30. [Full Text of EEOC Decision] Summary Of Charge Charging Party alleges that Respondents engage in unlawful employment practices in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, on the basis of race by using hiring practices and selection proce- dures which discriminate against Blacks. Jurisdiction Respondent police department is an em- ployer within the meaning of Section 701 of Title VII and, at the time the charge was field, employed [number] persons. Respond- ent Civil Service Commission, is an employ- er within the meaning of Section 701 of Title VII. The charge was deferred to the (local) Civil Rights Commission on March 26, 1973. No investigation was made of Charging Party's charges by the [local] Civil Rights Commission. The charge was timely filed with the EEOC and all other jurisdictional require- ments have been satisfied. Summary of Investigation At the time the charge was filed, Re- spondents utilized the following procedures to select policemen: 1) a written general ability test administered by the Civil Service Commission; 2) the formation of an eligibil- ity list by the Civil Service Commission; 3) a background investigation; 4) a physical exam by the Department of Safety Medical Director, 5) a written psychological exam; 6) a psychiatric interview and evaluation of the summaries of the background investiga- tion and the psychological exam; 7) review of the applicant's file by the Chief of Police; and 8) final selection by the Director of Public Safety. Charging Party received a score of 81.515 on the written exam which placed him 832 on the eligiblity list. He took the polygraph teat prior to the psychiatric and psychologi- cal testa and was rejected on psychological grounds as a result of ths polygraph test He alleges that his responses to questions posed during the polygraph were not accurately reflected. For eitanipe, he stated that his af- firmative answer -to a question regarding his knowing homosexuals was recorded as "ap- plicant admitted going with homosexuals.". Respondent's Chief of Police denied that Charging Party had been discriminated against and stated that Respondent Civil Service Commission devised and adminis- tered tfie tests used. Respondents refused to cooperate in the investigation of the charge, claiming that the charges fell within the continuing Jurisdiction of the United States District Court ? ? ? where an action had been brought under 42 U.S.C.A. 1 1981. An action was filed on October 12, 1972, by the?an organization composed principal- ly of Black police officers, and individual Black police officers against the city, its Chief of Police, the Director of the Cities Program, and members of the [city] Civil Service Commission. The suit alleged that a range of practices used by the Respondents In the recruitment, testing, screening and hiring of new patrolmen; the assignment, treatment and promotion of current police officers, as well as the examination adminis- tered by the Civil Service Conunission on July 15, 1972, had a racially discriminatory effect on Blacks and Puerto Ricans. The Court held that the evidence created a prima facie case that the battery of tests constituting the examination of July 15, 1972, had a racially discriminatory impact upon Blacks and Puerto Ricans who took the examination. The court fixed the mini- mum number of appointments of Blacks and Puerto Ricans, male and female, to be made to the police force from the 1972 eligi- bility list at 18 percent. An action under 42 U.S.C.A. 1981, how- ever, is not a bar to action by any other per- sons who may believe that Respondents have in the past discriminated, or are pres- ently discriminating, against them in viola- tion of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended. It is well established that an action for employment discrimination in- volving racial discrimination may be brought under Title VII or 42 U.S.C.A, 1981. See e.g. Head v. Timken Roller Bear- ing Company [6 EPD ? 88761. 486 F.2d 870 (6th Cir. 1973), Tay/or v. Safeway Stores, Inc. [10 EPD 1 10.410]. 54 F.2.d 263 (10th Cir. 1975) where it was held that 42 U.S.C.A. ? 1981 is an independent cause of action which may be maintained either concur- rently with a claim under Title VII or with- out exhausting Title VII remedies and Boles v. Union Camp Corp., 57 FRD 46 (S.D. Ga. 1972) 5 EPD 1 8051 where a class action was brought by several Black employees of Union Camp Corporation and by two former black employees and two blacks who were rejected under Title VII and 42 U.S.C.A. 1981. Although Charging Party successfully completed the eligibility exam, he was re- jected for employment. The rejection of the Charging Party was based on psychiatric unfitness. An analysis of the points of rejec- tion reveal wide disparities in the percent- ages of Blacks and Whites rejected. For ex- ample, 7.9 percent of Whites were rejected because of background while 19.3 percent of Blacks were rejected; .79 percent of Whites were rejected for psychological reasons (consisting of an IQ test and personality test) while 8.7 percent of Blacks were reject- ed; 16.90 percent of Whites were rejected for psychiatric reasons while 39.3 percent of Blacks were rejected; 28.30 percent of Whites were rejected for medical reasons while 18.7 percent of Blacks were rejected. It is well established that employment tests and qualifications which have a dispro- portionate exclusionary effect on minority applicants and do not have a demonstrable relationship to successful performance on the job are prohibited. See e.g. Griggs v. Duke Power Co. [3 EPD 181371, 401 U.S. 424, 431 (1971), Castro v. Beecher [4 EPD 1 7783], 459 P. 2d 725 (1st Cir. 1972). Furthermore, the Commission has held that the use of any test which adversely af- fects the hiring, promotion, transfer, or any other employment or membership opportu- nity of classes protected by Title VII consti- tutes discrimination unless: a) the test has been validated and evidences a high degree of utility and b) the person giving or acting upon the results of the particular test can demonstrate that alternative suitable hiring, transfer, or promotion procedures are unavailable. See EEOC Guidelines on Employment Selection, 29 CFR I 1607.3. Conclusion In view of the disproportionate impact of Respondents' selection procedures on Blacks, and in the absence of validation of the procedures, We conclude that there is reasonable cause to believe that Respond- ents violate Title VU of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, on the basis of race by using hiring practices and selection proce- dures which discriminate against Blacks. SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY OF POLYGRAPH TESTING: A RESEARCH REVIEW AND EVALUATION HnINIC AND GROUP DIFFERENCES Another category of subject differences that may affect polygraph validity has to do with ethnic and group differences in physics- November 4, 1987 logical response. Research conducted cross culturally (e.g., 97,104,158), indicates that there are ethnic differences in response to stress. Such differences may, in turn, affect detection of deception. As noted earlier, these effects may interact with the ethnic identification of the examiner. However, ef- fects of ethnic differences have not been di- rectly tested with respect to polygraph ex- aminations. AUTONOMIC LIABILITY A final individual difference is what Waid and Orne (194) have referred to as automat- ic lability. Regardless of other differences among subjects, there may be consistent in- dividual differences connected with their level of automatic arousal. Although there is considerable variance for an individual in autonomic responses to most physiological measures of automatic nervous system (ANS) arousal, electroder- mei lability may be different. Given the im- portance of the EDR for polygraph exami- nations, it may be essential to understand more about this factor. Unfortunately, most of this research (e.g., 200) has been conduct- ed with concealed information tests and not with CQT or R I tests. SZTFING One theory underlying lie detection using the polygraph is that the threat of punish- ment leads an individual to mini eat a phys- iological reaction (48). This suggests, then, that settings in which an individual is more certain of being detected and in which the consequences are greatest, will permit higher levels of detection. Furthermore, in order to be certain of being detected, a sub- ject must believe in the efficagy of the poly- graph procedures in order for it to function. According to some (e.g., 194), the polygraph Is often used somewhat like a "stage prop," and its presence is meant to "enhance the subject's concern." Stimulation tests, used in almost all field polygraph examinations, serve the same function, albeit more direct- ly. There is considerable discussion (e.g., 202) in the literature about how frequently within a polygraph examination such stimu- lation tests should be utilized in order to in- crease the validity of the examination. =STROM= Some research, reported by Orne and his colleagues, addresses the question of the sit- uational features necessary for a polygraph examination. In one component of a study reported by Orne, et al. (123), subjects were led to believe that the polygraph recording equipment was not operative. There was some indication that the pretest condition in which subjects were led to believe that the polygraph instrument was inoperative produced a lower detectability', however, re- sults were not statistically significant. In an earlier study (161), detectability was not af- fected by eubjects' belief in whether the ma- chine was recording. Both of these studies involved use of concealed information tests. A more recent study by Ornee group (198) tested a similar hypothesis using a different procedure. In this study, subjects saw the polygraph machine turned off, althoUgh the experimenters actually ran the leads to a second polygraph device and were able to record responses during a pretest review of questions. The results indicated that sub- jects who were aware of being recorded had significantly higher responses to relevant questions and not significantly different re- sponses to control questions. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE DETECTION Or DECIPTION IN TEM EMPLOY- maw Corroxr A REvrevr AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS (By Paul R. Sackett and Phillip J. Decker) Empirical research on the validity of the polygraph, voice stress analysis, and paper and pencil instruments as mechanisms for the detection of deception is reviewed.It Is noted that while these devices have their greatest use in the employment context, vir- tuaily all research has been done in an settle or simulated criminal investigation context. Three separate uses of devices for the detection of deception in the employ- ment context are identified, namely, pm- employment screening, periodic screening of current employees, and investigation into a specific theft. Differences between each of these nos and the criminal investigation context are identified, and issues limiting the generallsability of research findings from one context to another are raised. Among the issues are the effects of a low base rate of guilt on accuracy, the effects of making multiple judgments on overall accu- racy, and the potential for racial or ethnic bias in judgments of guilt or innocence. An extensive body of literature exists on the topic of the detection of deception and Investigation of theft using various tech- niques, including interpretation of physio- logical responses and questionnaries. Very littleel this Literature has appeared in my- thological journals. Most reports are con- tained in polygraph trade publications or law enforcement publications. Lykken (1978b) discussed the lack of involvement by psychologists in this fled, labeling it a case of "policemen rushing in where science fears to tread," Regardless of who has done the research or its quality, the vast majority of poly- graph examinations are conducted in the employment context rather than the crimi- nal investigation context (U.S. Senate, 1974). However, virtually all reported re- search has dealt with actual or simulated criminal investigations. REACTIONS TO POLYGRAPH IXAMINATIONS The questions raised in this paper have fo- cused on the accuracy of polygraph exami- nations. It should be noted that a number of objections to the polygraph ean be made on ethical, social, and constitutional grounds. Among these are objections that the poly- graph is an invasion of privacy and an in- fringement on the dignity of man, that it re- verses the principle that one is innocent until proven guilty by requiring Individuals to prove their hmocestee, and that K. violates 5th amendment rights against Self inoriint- nation. Proponents of the polygraph reply that individual rights must be weighed against employer losses and that individuals have an obligation to society to cooperate in attempts to identify dishonest individuals (Shattuck, Brown, and Carlson, Note 6). The stand one takes regarding the poly- graph may be largely determined by wheth- er one's sympathies lie with the individual or the employer. Another issue of interest. is the attitude of applicants and employees toward the poly- graph examination. Ash and Wheeler (Note 7) report that 86 percent of applicants thought the examination was fair, 96 per- cent were willing to take the test to get a job, and percent were willhig to routinely take an axon St a condition of employntent. They interpret theme results as indicating that resistance to the polygraph has been overestimated. However, all participants completed the attitude questionnaire after the polygraph examination. Thus, the ques- tionnaire may have been viewed as part of the selection procedure, and applicants may have felt that expressing negative attitudes toward the examination would affect their chances for employment. Further research I. needed in a setting in which no negative outcome may be anticipated by the subjects due to expression of negative attitudes. BIAS IN POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits diserimination in employment de- cisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. Two potential sources of bias In polygraph examinations have been identified. The first involves pos- sible racial, ethnic, or sexual differences in physiological reactivity to psychological stress. Kugelmass and Liebilch (1968) have shown that persons of Eastern mediterrane- an origin show CBE non-reactivity more often than other ethnic groups. Relying on different physiological measures for differ- ent subgroups may result in differential ac- curacy across subgroups. It should be noted that ethnic differences in Ot3R level (e.g. Johnson and Comb., 1963; Lazarus. Tornita, Opton. and Kodama. 1966) do not constitute a threat to polygraph accuracy, since the subjects' responses to irrelevant or control questions are compared with their responses to relevant questions. Second, and perhaps of greater interest. is the potential for factors such as first im- pressions. prejudices, and stereotypes to consciously or unconsciously affect the overall judgment made by the examiner. Ome. Thackray, and Paskewitz (1972) have suggested that "the manner In which ques- tions are asked can certainly influence the physiological response. The interrogator wishing to obtain a record with physiologi- cal evidence of deception is likely to be able to do so. In view of the work of Rosenthal (1966) on experimenter bias, it seems ex- tremely likely that the interrogator could unwittingly communicate some aspects of his conviction to the subject" (p. 7511. There are no published field studies report- ing information on the percent of deceptive and nondeceptive judgments among the var- ious protected classes. Such information should be readily available and deserves to be reported. There is one appelate court case confirm- ing the gEOC's right of access to polygraph records (Circle I Corporation vs EEOC). The information sought by the EEOC is in- structive: 'a list of all applicants and present employees subjected to the poly- graph examination, their racial/ethnic iden- tity and whether they were accepted or re- jected documentation of thC nature, stand- ardization and validity of the polygraph test, and a list of questions asked of each ap- plicant qualifications of the examiners who administered the tests ? ? ?" (P. 1054). The EEOC was granted access to this informa- tion, but a case involving discrimination on the basis of the polygraph examination has not come to trial. There have, however, been a number of cases in which the subjec- tive nature of the decision made in an em- ployment interview had been identified as having the potential for discrimination (e.g., Hester vs Southern Railway Co., Causey vs Font Minor Co.). On the other hand, one Interview case has upheld the employer's right to subjective evaluation unless there is evidence of bias, (Salton vs Western Elea- trio). Thus, an examination based solely on the interpretation of polygraph charts may be on stronger legal grounds than one in- volving both charts and an evaluation of the exitininee'S verbal and nonverbal behavior. [From the Nation, Dec. 21, 19881 Lim DANN lass?Aim POLYGRAPHS (By Daniel Jussim) A machine that monitors blood pressure, respiration and the attin's electrical conduo , ? , , H 9543 Wily is depriving tens of thoommds of law- abiding people of jobs every year. Used by employers as a, means to ends both dubious and devious, the polygraph in nevertheless becoming as familiar as the time clock in more and more American workplaces. In the private sector alone, estimates of the number of polygraph tests admintitered an- nually range from several hundred thou- sand to 2 million. The American Polygraph Association says that three-quarters of them are used In pre-employment screening. A Presidential directive revealed last week swells the number of Federal employees who must undergo examination. The test Is most commonly used by busi- nesses in which low-level employees handle large sums of cash daily in return for modest checks weekly, such as banks, res- taurants and department Stores. But all kinds of concerns tap into their workers' supposedly telltale heartbeats: meatpacking companies, hospitals and even the Yale Club have used "lie detectors" to screen pro- spective employees, check upon workers pe- riodically or track down culprits in the wake of a theft or act of sabotage. Usually a secu- rity firm is hired to do the dirty work, but some businesses have in-house operations. Because employers who favor polygraph testing generally make it a condition of em- ployment, workers find it difficult to. refuse to take the teat. The machine is especially popular among employers who resent Federal and State regulations on hiring and tiring; its reputa- tion and supposedly scientific tool gives them a license to reject or sack whomever they please. Polygraph victims can almost never prove that an employer acted illegal- ly. We didn't fire you bemuse you're getting old and costing us too mach., a company can argue; we fired you bosuns the polygraph says you're a thief. Don Mews, once a. manager for a depart- ment store chain in the Carolinas. Provided a glimpse into polygraph practices when he testified before a Senate Judiciary subcom- mittee in 1.978. According to Blows, his dis- trict supervisor told blue that blacks "just don't work out" and ordered him to dismiss two black woman workers. Blame said that when he refused, the supervisor remarked, "we'll haw to show you. hoer our polygraph test works around here." The women were subsequently fired, after their test results Indicated "a sign of a passibility of deceit." His bosses also Mined down the only two blacks whom be had ever recommended for management trainee positions. again on the basis of the polygraph teak Others who lost their jobs at Blewes store ineluded a woman who confessed that her boyfriend used to smoke anarttuems, a woman who admitted that she occessiorsally antlered from mi- graines, an employee atm said her heart condition made it unsafe for .her to take the test and two high-school pairt-timers whom the polygraph examiner refused to fit into his schedule. Bien also testified that "the polygraph companies used by my employer apparently had a (meta of employees they had to fire at every round of testing in order to show that the testing wan accomplishing something and that the east 0 ? ? was justi- fied." Bina was fired after protesting gannet ninon of the ton?but not before taking an examination himself and being se- cond ad giving deceptbm anniera. Besides using eleetemtio inquests to dis- crindnate against racial minorities, compa- nies use then to spat devianbi of all stripes. In 1972 workers at the Coors brewery struck. partly isnatme they objected to the company's voyeurism the polygraph agency employed by Coors asked job applicants these questions: What are your sexual pref. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9544 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 erences? How often do you change your un- derwear? Have you ever done anything with your.wife that could be considered immoral? Are you a homosexual? Are you a Commu- nist? Union organizers have also been targets. The National Labor Relations Board recent- ly ruled on a case involving two waitresses who tried to organize the Shoney's restau- rant chain in Georgia. One of them, Maria Sganga, was fired on the basis of informa- tion she revealed during the interview pre- ceding a polygraph examination, The com- pany said she admitted she had taken home some leftover potatoes and parsley, a viola- tion of company rules even though she had her manager's permission. Patricia Burch, the other waitress, had refused to sign the test consent form, which in Georgia permits the examiner to inquire about a worker's fi- nances and military service. She considered her finances her own business and didn't want to be questioned about the military be- cause her husband was in the service. She offered to sign a revised consent form but VMS fired nonetheless, for actions her boss considered tantamount to refusing the poly- graph test. N.L.R.B. Judge Richard J. Linton ruled that Shoney's "discharged Sganga and Burch because of their union and other pro- tected ? ? ? activities," adding that the com- pany "would not have ordered the poly- graph tests in the absence of such activi- ties." He ordered them ?reinstated with back pay. In the course of the hearing, a director of operations for Shoney's testified that he uses the polygraph "to keep people honest," that is, as a deterrent to theft. Jay Harvey, director of legislation for the A.F.L.-C.I.O.'s food and allied services trades department, whose federated union members are often subjected to polygraph testa, says the prac- tice is common: "There are two kinds of em- ployers who use the polygraph. The kind who honestly have the mistaken belief that the machines work?that's the minority. The majority of employers know that the machine is not necessarily reliable," but be- lieve, as Richard Nixon put it, that poly- graphs "scare the hell out of people." Even employers simply seeking job-related information from applicants may end up in- vading their workers' privacy. People inter- rogated while hooked up to a pneumatic chest tube, a blood-pressure cuff and a gal- vanic skin-response indicator often come away feeling humiliated and violated. Poly- graph foes have thus dubbed the tests psy- chological rubber-hose treatments and mental strip searches, The New York State Attorney General's Office has charged sev- eral examiners with sexual harrassment. Carlin Meyer, who heads the office's labor bureau, says the office receives at least ten polygraph-related complaints each week. A recent court case in Chicago revealed that blacks may suffer the adverse conse- quences of polygraph errors more frequent- ly than whites. In a discrimination suit brought in U.S. District Court, individuals seeking jobs as prison guards proved to the satisfaction of the court that blacks fail pre- employment polygraph tests more often than whites. Jon Bauer, a staff attorney for the Legal Action Center of New York, a public interest law firm that has litigated several polygraph cases, believes that the discrepancy may result from differences be- tween blacks and whites physiological re- sponses to stress, tensions between white ex- aminers and black subjects, or prejudices that can enter into an examiner's evalua- tion, which relies as much on subjective im- pressions as on squiggles on a chart. In any case, said Bauer "we should not tolerate a test that has a discriminatory effect on blacks when there is no adequate evidence that the test is valid." Losing one's job or not getting hired be- cause of failure to pass a polygraph test can have disastrous consequences. A toy-depart- ment manager who was fired by one compa- ny after flunking a test (he had high blood pressure, which can skew test results) was dismissed from his next Job after six months, when his new boss learned of the previous exam. In effect, the man had been blackballed in the toy industry. In another form of polygraph double jeop- ardy, job seekers who have failed a test as applicants at one company find themselves facing the same Polygraph agency when they look for work with a different employ- er. When the agency reports that they pre- viously failed the test, they are sent on their way, More than twenty states and the District of Columbia have passed legislation limiting polygraph Use by private employers. All of the laws prohibit companies from "requir- ing" the tests, but ten states permit firma to "request" that individuals take them. Viola- tions are considered a misdemeanor and generally punished with a small fine. Em- ployers seeking to skirt the law have several options. Large chain stores in regulated states can hire employees in an adjacent state that has no polygraph statute and then transfer them to the regulated state. And employer pressure in "request" states can easily make workers feel that they have no choice but take the test. Finally, some companies simply ignore that law and pay the fine if they get caught. Some critics esti- mate that as many as 59,000 workers per year are denied employment either because they refuse to take the test or because of in- accuracies. Because most state regulations are tooth- less, polygraph foes are pushing for Federal legislation prohibiting such tests. The Poly- graph Protection Act of 1985, Which would effectively ban the instrument in the pri- vate sector, is scheduled for a floor vote in the House before Christmas. Co-sponsored by 164 representatives, the bill has received strong support from the A.F.L.-C.I.O. Unlike earlier polygraph bills, which got bogged down in arguments over the consti- tutional right to privacy, H.R. 1524 is couched solely in terms of employment op- portunity. According to labor lobbyist Jay Harvey, the bill will pass because "the American people don't like the test" and "there aren't too many lin Congress) who want to say that they advocate polygraphs." The bill's sponsor, Pat Williams, is also con- fident of passage. Antipolygraph sentiment runs the ideological gamut: Jack Kemp sup- ports H.R. 1524, and Orrin Hatch and Edward Kennedy jointly introduced the Senate version, S. 1815. The polygraph industry's answer to the proposed ban is a Federal licensing law which would set standards for examiners. That the induStry favors that approach is not surprising, Since use of the machine is more widespread in the twenty-six states that have licensing laws than in states having no pOlygraph statutes. The fact that Shoney's is in Georgia, a licensing state, should make legislators wary of the poly- graph lobby's arguments. If every examiner had the integrity of a Boy Scout, the prob- lems inherent in the technology of the poly- graph would not go away. A number of big companies, including J.C. Penney, Sears, Roebuck & Company, I.B.M. and General Electric, don't use the poly- graph. At companies that do, workers have some defenses against it, even without Fed- eral legislation. Some unions protect their members, either by winning contract provi- sions forbidding the test or by intervening to stop an employer from administering the examination. And workers ill treated by polygraph testing have filed a variety of civil suits, invoking state polygraph laws, Federal and state fair-credit reporting laws and such legal principles as malpractice, dis- crimination and defamation. A number Of plaintiffs have received awards in the six figures. In 1982 an assistant manager in a Zayre department store in Florida received $250,000 as compensation for being fired under what the court described as "circum- stances implying that he had been guilty of a felony." He had failed a lie detector test two years earlier and was dismissed for al- legedly stealing $500 from the store. But after he left, the thefts continued, and even- tually the culprit?who had passed the test?was discovered, The man sued Zayre for defamation, and the company that ad- ministered the teat for negligence. Unfortunately, invasion of workers' priva- cy and unfair denial of employment would not end with the banning of the polygraph. Bosses today have a battery of tests at their disposal that evaluate urine, handwriting or personality. Some who have been forced to abandon the polygraph have turned to writ- ten "honesty testa." If polygraphs are out- lawed, workers will no doubt be faced with the question. Have you stopped ripping off the company? Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Chairman, I have long supported legitilation such as H.R. 1212, the Employee Polygriph Protection Act, which will grant much needed protections for American workers. This measure is needed to ensure that employees are not unfairly denied em- ployment and careers wrongfully ruined based on the results of the highly questionable poly- graph test. The simple fact is, there is no scientific evi- dence that polygraph machines or other so- called he detector tests accurately and reliably detect dishonesty. Which is precisely why re- sults of such tests are not admissible in Fed- eral courts. Because the polygraph test basi- cally relies on simple mechanical readings of variations in an individual's rate of breathing, skin perspiration, and blood pressure during questioning, it is valid only is a test of stress. How can stress related to deception be sepa- rated from the fear, anger, frustration or humil- iation resulting from being forced to take the test? The use of lie detector machines in the American workplace has dramatically escalat- ed in recent years. Despite the questions about the accuracy of lie detector tests, ap- proximately 2 million are given each year, most by private companies. The tests are an invasion of a worker's privacy and require an individual to prove his or her innocence even without evidence of 'suspicion of guilt. Our workers should not be denied job opportuni- ties or discriminated against because they may refuse to take such an unreliable and in- accurate test or because of false lest results. Because State law* have proved ineffective in protecting America's waiters from the abu- sive and degrading tests, legislation on the Federal level, such as H.R. 1212, is desper- ately needed. As Members of Congress, it is our responsibility to protect the citizens of this country from unwarranted and unfair treat- ment. I strongly urge my colleagues to support this legislation and to oppose amendments designed to weaken the bill or protect specific industries. Mr. BONKER. Mr. Chairman as an original cosponsor of KR. 1212, I want to urge my Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE colleagues to support this legislation which will protect workers from being denied em- ployment either because of information ob- tained through or refusal to take a lie detector test According to the Office of Technology As- sessment, over 2 million polygraph tests are administered every year, 90 percent of them by private employers. Yet, over the years, studies have consistently shown that poly- graph tests are unreliable. In most cases, lie detector tests are inadmissable as court evi- dence because of their questionable validity. These same studies have also shown that lie detector tests can be beaten because they are only designed to measure physiological responses with no determination as to cause. Self-inflicted pain, extreme nervousness, and apprehension all can influence test results. It is up to the examiner to interpret the results and often these individuals are poorly trained. Beyond the technical questions of validity, I believe the improper use of lie detectors does a disservice to our constitutional premise of innocence until proven guilty. Businesses who rely on lie detector tests to screen job appli- cants, assume untrustworthiness unless a lie detector test can be passed. Unfortunately, It has been shown that it is the most honest in- dividuals who suffer the highest incidents of failure because of their adverse reactions to having their honesty questioned during these tests. This injustice is magnified in many cases, when workers find themselves forced to respond to questions into areas of their personal life with little regard for their right to privacy or relevancy to their work ability. Many businesses, however, strongly believe that lie detector tests are an essential tool in preventing employee crime. Evidence exists, however, which shows that businesses that conduct thorough background checks and foster a trusting wort atmosphere tend to have lower incidence of employee crime than those who rely on lie detectors to police their workforce. Last, I am aware that many States have al- ready passed legislation to protect workers from lie detector tests as conditions for em- ployment. These laws have been circumvent- ed by many businesses who either coerce ap- plicants into taking tests "voluntarily" or ar- range for interviews in neighboring States where prohibitory laws do not apply. All this evidence pOints to the need for uni- form, Federal legislation to ensure protection of workers' constitutional rights. I urge my col- leagues to consider the overwhelming evi- dence against polygraph tests and support this legislation today. Mr. HALL of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the Employee Polygraph Protec- tion Act, H.R. 1212. I believe that employers should be allowed the opportunity to continue to use the poly- graph tests responsibly and for legitimate pur- poses. The polygraph helps protect the finan- cial health of American businesses, and the health and safety of the customers as well as the employees. The House of Respresentatives has repeat- edly voted to permit the use of polygraph in circumstances where the public interest justi- fies its use. We have voted to allow the FBI, the CIA, and other national defense agencies to continue to use lie detectors. If, as support- ers of H.R. 1212 suggest, these tests are so Ineffective and unreliable, why are we using them to help protect national security? Uke the Federal Government, private busi- nesses need the polygraph to guard their sen- sitive information and to protect the health and the security of their work forces. Busi- nesses should be penatted legitimate use of fie detector tests as long as the rights of em- ployees are protected. I believe that this matter is one which should be regulated by State law. My home State of Texas has one of the toughest poly- graph laws in the country which I introduced when I was in the State senate. I urge my colleagues to vote against H.R. 1212. Voting for this legislation is just one more vote to abolish the right of the State to govern its citizens without interference from the Federal Government Mr. WEISS. Mr. Chairman, I rifle in stIPP0ft of H.R. 1212, the Polygraph Protection Act, as it was reported from the House Education and Labor Committee. This bill is absolutely essen- tial in order to restore basic fairness to the American workplace. Let us state the issue clearly. There is no such thing as a lie detector in the workplace. There exist certain mechanical and electrical devices which are intended to detect lies by employees or potential employees. But there exists not one shred of evidence that that is what they do. Quite to the contrary, there is a preponder- ance of evidence demonstrating that the tests, themselves, often lie. And it is not white lies that these devices tell, but lies that have seri- ous and lasting consequences for the lives of millions of American workers. The American Medical Association says: Studies indicate that polygraph testa result in enough false-positive and false-neg- ative findings of truthfulness that their value is little better than the probabilities of chance, or flipping a coin. Americana enjoy games of chance as a form of recreation. But they should not and will not tolerate employers who play games with the future of 2 million Americans who are subjected to lie detector tests each year. The continued use of devices masquerading as lie detectors is a serious invasion of privacy and an affront to basic human dignity. H.R. 1212 would eliminate the use of these devices in the workplace. It would make it ille- gal for employers to require or request that employees or job applicants take lie detector tests. It would ensure that employees are noti- fied of this prohibition, and it would provide specific recourse in the case of violations. H.R. 1212 is an urgently needed measure that ought to be approved intact and without any weakening amendments. However, the record of the House of Repre- sentatives in considering this type of legisla- tion is far from pristine. Last year, during con- sideration of a similar measure, the House voted to exempt industry after industry from the proposed prohibitions on polygraph use. In the end, the bill was so full of loopholes that it really amounted to an endorsement of the use of polygraphs. Though I strongly approved of the original measure, I was forced to vote against the flnal version that resulted from re- peated amendments on the House floor. I fervently hope that the House will not make the same error this year. There is no ra- tionale for exempting specific industries from prohibitions on polygraph use. The fact is that H 9545 polygraphs are just as harmful and just as in- accurate in all workplace settings. I therefore urge my colleagues to join me in defeating amendments to exempt different in- dustries from the bill's prohibitions. For a bill riddled with exceptions will be worse than no bill at all. It will only sanction a practice that is fundamentally at odds with individual rights. I, for one, will not hesitate to vote against the final bill if it sanctions polygraph use in the guise of prohibiting it. Mr. BRENNAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise as a cosponsor and strong supporter of H.R. 1212, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act This needed legislation seeks to limit the growth of lie detector testing in the workplace?which has tripled in the past 10 years., It is estimated that more then 2 million poly- graph tests are given each year. In fact, 98 percent of those tests were not given by the FBI or the CIA, but were given by private busi- ness. Some three-quarters of these tests were given for preemployment screening. Our criminal justice system presumes that an individual is innocent until proven guilty. Unfortunately, use of the polygraph stands that important principal on its head as it re- quires someone to prove their innocence. As a former criminal prosecutor I am fully aware of the unreliability in these gadgets. Courts refuse to accept polygraph results and it is sadly ironic that criminals are protected from polygraphs, while American workers are not. This legislation attempts to address that un- fairness. Twenty-two States and the District of Co- lumbia have approved legislation prohibiting polygraph for use in the private work force. Another 19 States have attempted to regulate their use. However, the separate nature of these laws have not effectively protected workers from being subjected to these unreli- able tests. Many localities are circumventing the law by requiring prospective employees to take the test in a neighboring State which allows polygraph testing. KR. 1212 is a prudent and moderate ap- proach to the problem of protecting our citi- zens from abuse of lie detectors by manage- ment American workers deserve the same protection afforded to those accused of crime?the ability to retain the presumption of Innocence until proven guilty which is funda- mental to our way of justice. I urge my colleagues to join me in strong support of H.R. 1212. Mrs. COLLINS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in sup- port of H.R. 1517, the Aircraft Collision Avoid- ance Act of 1987. As many of -my colleagues have remarked, this bill is long overdue. The Federal Aviation Administration has dragged its feet in imple- menting collision avoidance systems which are already available. The FM has failed to foster the development of the next generation of collision avoidance systems. As chairwoman of the Government Activi- ties and Transportation Subcommittee, charged with oversight responeibilities of the FM, I am aware of the foot-dragging potential of that agency. In the case before the Con- gress today, FAA has delayed for years man- dating the installation of so- called one-dimen- sional collision avoidance systems. The agen- cy's decision appears to have been to delay this first generation system until the more so- phisticated system is perfected. Unfortunately, Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 ii 9546 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 the two-dimensional systems have not come as quick!), as FAA had hoped. In the mean- time, the agency has done nothing. Anne passengers are not receiving aft the protection that present-day technotogy offers. I suggest that FAA consider itself on notice. The Congress is going to continue to pay very dose attention to FM actiellies. Rukenaking, researdr, enforcement, at these responsibil- ities which FAA may have not property met, will be ei*$ tie congressional scrutiny. if need be, legislation will be offered. As the chairwoman of the oversight subcommittee, I intend to continue my subcommittee's moni- toring via hearings and remora I wish to commend the authors of this fill, live Pubic Woes and Tniasportation Commit- tee and the Committee on Science and Tech- nology. I wholeheartedly support this measure. (Mr. MARTINEZ addressed the Connnfttee. His remarks appear hereafter In the Extensions of Re- marks.) Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman. I just want to point out In dosing, let us not be hypocrites here today. Let us not impose upon the private sector what we are unwilling to do for our- selves. I remind my colleagues, every one of them who has spoken in support of this legislation today needa to be re- minded that on Jane 16 of this year by a vote of 414 to nothing we approved the Mica amendment as ft deals with foreign policy in the implementation and condole& of our foreign policY. On May 11 at this year, by a vote of 341 to 44, we established the use of a petasanent polygraph examination for national! security purposes. The CHAIRMAN. AB dine has ex- pired. Ausawat to the rule, the committee amendment in the nature of a substi- tute, nmr whited in the reported bill shall be considered as an original bill for the purpose at amendment and each section shall be considered as having been read. The Clerk will designate section 1. The text of section 1 is as follows: he it seecied Nie Senate gad Some ol Itegoresentothset ol Use United Mein of America in Congress assembled, SECTION I. mon Trli.s. This Act may be cited as the "Employee Polygraph Protection Act". Mr. blEA.T.... Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. Mr. Chairman. I would like to try again. Earlier I raised two questions concerning opposition to this hill. One Is the question, the very basic question concerning our system of justice, wherein we assume our people to be innocent until proven guilty. It is abso- lutely clear that the widespread use of polygraph tests assumes quite the op- posite. It essentially says that we assume people in a. variety of dram- stances are guilty and we think its ap- propriate, as a condition of employ- ment in some cases, or under other conditions that they should have to prove their innocence. Would one of the opponents of this bM please help me in understanding how you can possibly justify the idea that we should turn our system of jus- tice on it head by our assuming guilt and requiring people to prove their in- nocence. Mr- YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. NEAL. lam happy to yield to the gentleman from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman ler yield- ing. I would like to suggest to the gentle- man that in most mess the use of the polygraph is just part of the tool that industry uses, or in the meet the De- fense Departanent. it is just a part of the process they nese when determin- ing whether or not acme one should be given access to our most sensitive na- tional security- secrets, certain court mar Incur country in the last couple of years almost mandate polygraphs for employers. Let me read just a very brief state- ment in response to the gentleman's question. Mr. NEAL. Is the gentleman re- sponding to this question, Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Yes, I am responding to the gentleman's ques- tion. Mr. NEAL. All right, I would like to hear it. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. This is from testimony from the Plaids Secretary of State to the other body last year. He said: Recent litigation has also established the dr/nation of boainesma toeendect adequate backereand ealustlene to enure the pro. Union of the patella Rulings from several eases nationwide support this statement. One recent pending salt Involves a carpet dawning companY whew alliftree raped and murdered the child of a dies*. The pro- prietor has been sued for failure to perform adequate employment screening. specifically for not using an available resource?the Polygraph- D 1230 Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, reclaim- ing my time, the gentleman is not re- sponding to zny question. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Try again. Mr. NEAL, Mr. Chairman, the ques- tion is this, I say to the gentleman from Florida, that the proponents of the widespread use of polygraph test- hag, putting aside the accuracy of these gadgets which I hope we get to In a minute. but putting that aside, is It not true that when one says to a prospective employee, or to others under a wide variety of circumstances that as a condition of one thing or an- other one has to take this test, that we are assuraing their guilt and requiring that they prove their Innocence? That Is the question. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, if the gentleman will continue to yield, I do not see it that way at &IL If that were the case, then the Federal Government would obviously not be as heavily involved in the use of poly- graph as we presently are. Mr. NEAL. That Is not an answer, let me say to the gentleman. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. The answer Is no, that Is not the case. I disagree totally with the gentle- man's assumption. Mr. NEAL. Let me reclaim my time and comment on this question of the Federal Government's use of the poly- graph. The fact is that when we entrust people with important security infor- mation or other important responsibil- ities in our Government on the basis of their having passed s, polygraph test, we are running an enormous risk. To those who object to this legislation because it continues to allow agencies of the Federal Government to use these testa, I say I think they are cor- rect. We are running a gram risk to our nationsl security by depending on these gadgets which are clearly very highly inaccurate. We have had impor- tant testinsony from a number of gen- tleman on the floor, including the die- Unquished gentleman from Utah LMr. Masted, a professor of statistics, which indicates that the error rate of these gadgets is incredibly high. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentlemen yield? Mr. NEAL. I yield to the gentleman from Flosida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I would like to'respend to that very point and I my to my colleague, pay dose attention to what 1 an going to say. The Defense Department in using the polygraph when screening people who halve applied for top secret and special access type clearance. Imes the polygraph only as s part of their ma eening process. It in not the total determining factor. The gentleman suggested that to allow someone that kind of access Just on the basis of a polygraph ins grave risk. But let nse say to the gentleman that that is not how it is done. Poly- graph examination is just part of a lengthy process used to clear one for access to classified materiel. The CHAIRMAN. If there are no amendments to section 1, the Clerk will diedgmde section 2. The text of section 2k as follows: SEC. r PROMBITTONs ON Lot nerecroe USE. It shall be unlawful for any employer en- gaged in commerce or in the production of goods for eenimerce? (1) directly OT indirectly, to require, re- quest, suggest, or cause any employee or prospective employee to take or entisnit to any lie detector test; (2) to me. accept, refer to, or inquire COD- cenAng the results of any lie detector test of any employee or prospective employee; (3) to discharge, dismiss, discipline in any manner, or deny employment or promotion to, or threaten to take any such action A) any any employee or prospective employee who refuses, declines, or fails to take or submit to any lie detector test; or (11) any employes or prospective employee on the basis of the results of any lie detec- tor test; or Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9547 (4) to discharge or in any manner discrimi- nate against an employee or prospective em- ployee because? (A) such employee or prospective employ, ee has filed any complaint or instituted or caused to be instituted any proceeding under or related to this Act; (B) such employee or prospective employ- ee has testified or is about to testify in any such proceeding; or (C) of the exercise by such employee, on behalf of himself or others, of any right af- forded by this Act. The CHAIRMAN. Are there amend- ments to section 2? Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. (Mr. BARTLETT asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I rise for the purpose of clarification. Mr. Chairman, my good friend, the gentleman from North Carolina (Mr. NEAL) is so eloquent on this case, and I want to pursue a bit of what he has mentioned a moment ago because I think the House needs to understand It. I would pose a question to the gen- tleman in a moment and give him ample opportunity to respond. The House should be willing to take one of two positions, but not both si- multaneously. We should either con- tend, as the bill does, that the poly- graph should not be used on any occa- sion or we should permit it to be used but not as the sole determinant. The gentleman from North Carolina (Mr. NEAL), was eloquent a moment ago in essentially saying it should not be used as the sole determinant. Frankly, I agree with that. I do want to point out to the gentle- man that one of the key features of the Darden-Young substitute is that for private employment as well as public employment, that the poly- graph shall not be able to be used for discharging, disciplining, or denying employment or promotion to any em- ployee as the sole determinant, or based solely on the analysis and opin- ions of the polygraph examiner. My question is, is the gentleman pro- posing that we prohibit the use of polygraph even as the sole determi- nant, or does he believe that it should be as is currently done in national se- curity, permitted to be used as one de- terminant, but not the sole determi- nant? Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman from North Carolina. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, the over- whelming evidence offered before our Subcommittee on Legislation and Na- tional Security on this question indi- cates that the polygraph tests are not lie detector tests. They are not reli- able. They are not accurate. They cannot be depended upon. So it is ridiculous to use these tests as a determinant of accuracy, when they are inherently unreliable, as the gentleman from Texas (Mr. BROOKS], the chairman of our full committee, pointed out. They can be useful. We can scare people with them. As long as people believe there is a level of accuracy here, we can scare people into admit- ting guilt, but the fact of the matter is that these things are inherently unre- liable. It is no more accurate than the flip of a coin, as one witness said. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I do not want to put words in the gentle- man's mouth. but I do want the House to understand. The gentleman then is advocating that we prohibit the use of the polygraph in all cases, even as one determinant, rather than prohibiting its use as a sole determinant? Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will yield, that would be my own preference. That is absolutely cor- rect. I think it is a very dangerous Idea, especially dangerous to be using these gadgets in the area of national security. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, my question is, even as one determinant? That is My question. Mr. NEAL. If I could respond to the gentleman, I would say that if we are willing, as the gentleman from Texas (Mr. BRooKs] pointed out in his testi- mony, to start again using the rack or the dunking stool, or some other item of witchcraft, certainly those could be useful in scaring people into admitting guilt and so on. If the gentleman would like to broaden the arsenal of our tools that we are going to use in this area, I guess we could include polygraph with those kinds of gadgets, but they are about the same level of reliability. Mr. BARTLETT. Reclaiming my time, the gentleman does not believe in what is explicitly provided for in the bill, that is the use of polygraph in national defense and national security by the Government. Does the gentle- man oppose that section of the bill, and think it should be deleted? Mr. NEAL. Yes, I believe that is a dangerous procedure. I believe we will endanger our national security by that use. Mr. BARTLETT. The gentleman be- lieves it should be used in no case whatsoever. Would the gentleman then see this bill as the first step toward prohibiting the use of poly- graph in national security cases? Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I would hope so, because I think we run a grave risk of endangering our national security by relying on these gadgets which are inherently inaccurate. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BARTLETT. I yield to the gen- tleman from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, when the Walker spy case first broke, I had the opportunity to in- quire of the Chief of Naval Intelli- gence, what he needed to effectively do something to prevent Walker spy cases from happening, he responded by saying, "we need authority to poly- graph those who seek access to classi- fied information." This is the Chief of Naval Intelli- gence. The Secretary of the Navy made basically the same statement as did many others. These are the people that have been given the responsibility for our national security. They tell us they have authority to polygraph. If you don't trust them, than fire them. But if you do trust them, at least give them the tools they need to meet their responsibility. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas [Mr. Bsamkrrl has expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. BART- LErT was allowed to proceed for 1 addi- tional minute.) Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, what I want to say very clearly so that everyone who is watching this debate understands, is that the debate is be- tween the proponents of H.R. 1212 who have written a bill that would prohibit the use of polygraph in all cases except for national security even though national security would likely be next, but just prohibit the use of the polygraph as any kind of determi- nant comparable to prohibiting the use of reference checks because they are not perfect, or personal interviews, or written tests. That is one side of the debate. The other side of the debate, would be the Darden-Young substitute that would permit the use of the polygraph under licensing but only if used as one determinant, but prohibit the use of the polygraph as the sole determinant. Darden-Young would correct what- ever abuses the sponsors would pur- port to have in the marketplace by prohibiting the use of the polygraph as the sole determinant. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentle- man from North Carolina (Mr. Na]. 0 1240 Mr. NEAL. I thank the gentleman for yielding. I would like to propose a question to the distinguished gentle- man from Florida. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas (Mr. BARTLETT] has again expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. BART- LETT was allowed to proceed for 1 addi- tional minute.) Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I continue to yield to the gentleman from North Carolina. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, when the gentleman from Florida pointed out the statement regarding this Govern- ment official who thought that the polygraph was the most valuable tool at his disposal, or whatever that exact quote was, was it his position that the polygraph test was an accurate one, or was it his position that it had utility because some people believe that they were accurate and he might be able to scare someone into a confession or something? Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9548 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? HOUSE November 4, 1987 Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BARTLE'IT'. / yield to the gen- tleman from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman for that question. I would say again that none of us are contending, even in the held of national delemse? and especially in the field of national defame, none of us ace contending that the polygraph Is the ultimate tool. But it is a tremen- dous tool in the overall process of doing background research to deter- mine whether se not. access to the most sensitive national defense secrets o oor Nation with be grained. No, Is. is not a single tool. We have made that point time after time alter time. It. is one of the tools, and it is a most effec- tive tool in eOniunetion with the other parts of the procedures that are used. To get security clearances an occa- sion takes a year or longer when get- ting a person cleared for a particular type of classincation. and the poly- graph does not take anywhere near a year to perform. as the gentleman knows. The CHAIRbfAIV. The time of the gentleman front Texas (Mr. Haterxerrl has again expired. (On request or Mr. lifsernme and by unanimous consent. Mr. Barrsert was allowed to proceed far I additional minute.) Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, will The gentleman yield? Mr. BARTLETT. I am happy to yield to the gentleman from Califor- nia. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. (hairman, the fact that the genthemnan saw it takes a year ea tr. year imd a hail to get clear- ance en these high secants matters in- dicates that the Federal Governatesit at least in the use od these machines is not relying on taken. The problem Mee in that a private employer often does rely totally on that and does a very cursory investiga- tion once he determines that the evi- dence presented by thki polygraph test Is valid, and he does assume that, it is valid. They have testified over and over again in the hearings that they believe in the reliability of this poly- graph machine. The problem that nobody here has talked about, is that there is another flaw in it, and that is the human. flaw, because these machines only read your blood pressure, your temperature and miscellaneous things. Ince that, and then that polygrapher, depending on his training and his biases, is the de- terminant of whether the gentleman Is lying or not, and that in many cases has been proven, as is true in the case of severe/ court cases which have taken place, not to be valid. Mr. BARTLETT. Reclaiming my time. I understand the gentleman's point. Of course, what the bill does is permit the use of the polygraph with- out restriction In national securfty cases. Bo If it is not accurate ft does not provide for the sole determinant standard. The Darden-Yotmg bill pro- vides for the sole determinant stand- ard, prohibits a sole determinant use of the polygraph. The Darden-Young bill does Wright. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BARI%TT I yield to the gen- tleman front Mild*. Mr. YOUNG of Fr/arida. / thank the gentleman for yielding. He has very eloquently made the point I was going to make. There is going to be the use of the polygraph whether this bill passes or not. What we are trying to do is make wire that the person conducting the examination ts professitaral. has been licensed and knows what he is doing, and that the person being examined has legal protection of his personal and chit rights. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the list word. / am going to use 30 seconds of my 5 min- utes and plead with my colleagues not to ask me to yield to them. Mr. Chairman, the fast time the bill was on the floor of the House it took us 6 hours to complete It. We are now debating specific points that we will debate again when these amendments come up and when the substitute Is of- fered. I just appeal to my. colleagues to wait unfit we get to the specific section of the bin where the amendments can be offered before we start a debate that we are going to go over again when we do reach that specific section, which in most instances, for most of the amendments, will be section 6. We hope to be able to adjourn around dinnertime, but If I recollect how this debate proceeded a year ago, ft is moving considerably more sionly now than It did then, and then it took ? hours. So we want full debate and that Is the reasen I requested a tufty open rule. But I encourage my col- leagues to allow this process to move ahead. / yield back the balance of my time. The CHAIRMAN. Are there any amendments to section 2? If not, the Clerk will designate sec- tion & The text of section 3 is as follows: arcs. NOTICE or raorscritut The Secretor* of Labor shall prepare, have printed, and distribute a notice that employers are penhibiled by this Act from using a Se detector test on any employee or prospective employee. Each employer shall peat and keep posted. Is eampicuess Paces upon its premien where notices to employ- ees and prospective employees are custoni- arllY Posted, the notice distributed by the Secretary ander this section. The CHAIRMAN. Are there any amendments to section 3? If not. the Clerk will designate aec- tion 4. The text of section 4 Is as follows: sec. a ACTRORITY or TAB SECRETARY OF LABOR. (a) In ORPRRAL?The Secretary of Labor shall? CI) issue such rulea and regulations as may be necessary or appropriate for carrying out this Act (27 cooperate with regional. State, local. and other agencies, and cooperate with and furnish technical assistance to employers, labor organizations, and employment agen- efts to aid tit effectuating the PorPores of this Act; and (3) make investigations and inspections and require the keeping of ranted& nese& sary or appropriate for the administration of this An- kh) Sumas Annuatrx.--For the purpose of any hearing or investigation under this Act. the Secretary shall have the authority contained in sections Sand ft of the Feder- al Trade Commission Act (IS tf.S.C. 49, 50t The CHAIRMAN. Are there any amendments to section 4? If not, the Clerk will designate sec- tion 5. The text of section 6 is as follows: SEC. SPREINCenearriteconotes tai Civir. Pairazams-41) Subject to para- graph (2)? (A) any employer wile violates section I may be smarmed a civil money penalty not to exceed $100 for each day of the violation; and (S) any employer who vfolates any other Provision of this Act may be assessed a civil penalty not to exceed g/9,000. (2) In determining the amount of any pen- alty wider pasapaph Cll, the secretary shaIl take into amount the previous record of the person in henna of compliance with this Act and the gravity of the violation. (3) RAY civil penalty assented under this subsection shall be collected in the same manner as is required by subsections (b) through (e) of section 553 of the Migrant and Sear/one; Aerfeelterat Worker 1Pretec- lion Act (.50 DAC LIM with respect to dal penalties unused under minection tat of such section. (b) INJUNCTEAR ACORNS ST THS SUR. ,raits,?The Secretary may Wag an action to restrain. violations of this Act. The dis- trict. courts of the United States shall, have jurisdiction, for cause shown, to issue tem- porary or permanent restrefning orders and injunctions to require compliance with this An. It) PRIVATE Cern. Parmars.?t1) An em- ployer who violator the provisions at this An shall be Pale to the employee or pro- spective employee attested, by such viola- tion. An. employer who violates the provi- sions of this Act shall be Linde for such legal or equitable relief as nay be appropri- ate, including (without linrkation) employ- ment, reinstalrensedg, promotion, the pay- ment of imps law and an anlitionsl amount as eansequennal damages. (2) An action to recover the 'debility pre- scribed in paragraph (1) may be maintained against the employer in any Federal or State court of competent Prisdiction by any one or more employees or prospective em- ployees (or any person actin, on behalf of such employee or employees) les or in behalf of lobaself ar themselves and other employees or prospective employees sindiar- ly situated. Nommen civil on may be men- nuanced more than 3 years after the date of the alleged. violation. (3) The court shall award to a prevailing plaintiff in any action under this subsection the reasonable note of such sedan, includ- ing attorneys' fees. Mr. CfUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. Mr. Chairman, I want to call to the attention of my colleagues section 5 of this bilk I do not have an amendment at the present time and I do not Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE intend to offer one because I do not think we ought to pursue along an ac- rimonious debate over the penalty sec- tion of this bill. I think the substance of the bill is far more important. But I want people to understand what section 5 does here. It not only imposes rather significant financial penalties of up to $10,000 for any em- ployer who violates the use of the test when they are banned, but it also goes so far as saying that once this legisla- tion is passed that the Secretary of Labor shall prepare, have printed and distribute to every employer all over this country a notice that says lie de- tector tests cannot be required. That is good, I have no problem with the Secretary of Labor doing that. What I have a problem with, and what people ought to be aware of in this legislation is the fact that subsec- tion (a) of section 5 provides for a pen- alty not to exceed $100 per day when- ever that sign is not posted, from here to eternity. I do not know how many of my col- leagues have ever worked in the pri- vate sector. I am going to assume the vast majority of us have. I think we have all gone past those time clock areas where you punch the time clock and you see some notices and you do not see some notices. I have to tell my colleagues that as a youngster. in high school and in college, I had jobs as a Janitor. I got to do the cleaning and all of that, and as we would go through and clean, and in particular when we would prepare for special occasions at the industry I was at, sometimes no- tices that were all dilapidated, that were outdated, that were faded, discol- ored, we would throw all of that away, clear the blackboard off so that we could start a new set of notices on the bulletin board. I want my colleagues to know that the legislation in front of us now is going to require a $100 penalty, up to $100 penalty a day for anyone who in- nocently happens to have had sonic employee, who is a young high school janitor who accidentally, unintention- ally, not knowingly, happened to pull that notice down. Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BARTLETT. I am happy to yield to the gentleman from Georgia. Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. I would like to use this opportunity, Mr. Chairman, to point out one distinction here that I do not think has been made very clear to the Members of this body. The distinguished gentle- man from North Carolina [Mr. NEAL], kept on talking about how this bill would somehow require a person to give testimony against himself and ob- viously violate the fifth amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which of course provides that no person shall be compelled to testify against himself. It is important to note, Mr. Chair- man, that most of the complaints we have heard about the polygraph relate to the specific conduct of law enforce- ment agencies, whether or not a par- ticular sheriff or a police agency or a bureau of investigation has in fact properly conducted a polygraph exam- ination, or in many instances has the scope of the examination gone too far, or has the person conducting it for the police actually been qualified. I would like to point out to the Members of the body, Mr. Chairman, that the activities of police agencies, whether it be State, Federal, or local are absolutely exempt under this law. So if we are worried about innocent people somehow being forced into con- fessing or in some way admitting guilt or being found guilty by the use of a polygraph, this bill does not do a bit of good, because this bill excludes all ac- tivities of any police force or any other law enforcement agency. So I would like for the body to keep that in mind, Mr. Chairman, that we are not really getting to the problem if we are interested in police abuses and a person having to violate the fifth amendment. What we are doing here is simply punishing the private sector by saying you cannot do in the private sector what you can do in the public sector. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. GUNDERSON. I am happy to yield to the gentleman from Montana. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman. I want to note that the gentleman from Wisconsin raises a good point, and that is whether or not the penalties that are assessed here, the civil penal- ties, are too high, given the violations. I would remind the House that they are within keeping with other penal- ties in similar types of legislation. I would also tell the House that this $10,000 fine is a maximum and that the Act goes on to say that the Secre- tary shall take into account the gravi- ty of the violation. Finally I would remind or ask the House to recall that there was a recent award against an employer, a drug company in the United States, a recent award against that company of $4 million for violating the rights of an employee to whom they gave a polygraph examination. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. Our:- DEMON] has expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. Gm,- DERSON was allowed to proceed for 30 additional seconds.) Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I want to point out that the gentleman from Montana and I really have no dispute on the penalty section for the violations of the use or the abuse of the polygraph. My objection is the fact that we are going to send this signal in this legislation that we will provide penalties of up to $100 per day if there is not this little paper notice hanging up in every employer's build- ing around this country. That is exces- sive, that is extreme, that is asking for H 9549 trouble, and I think that section ought not be in this bill. Mr. LUNGREN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. Mr. Chairman, I was intrigued while sitting in my office listening to the debate to hear some of the comments of the proponents of the bill that do not seem to me to match up with what is in the bill itself. The point has been made by some who oppose this bill that even as we speak there are instances in which em- ployees are using lie detedor testa in order to take suspicion from them. Yet if my colleagues read the language of this bill, they would not be able to vol- untarily do that. Why? Because it is unlawful for any employer "to use, accept, refer to, or inquire concerning the results of any lie detector test of any employee or prospective employ- ee." So even If the employee requests of his employer permission to take a lie detector test so that that individual might be able to have more evidence that in fact, he or she, was not in- volved in something that was not ap- propriate, it would be a violation of the law for the employer to accede to the request of the employee to do that. I do not understand why we are so worried about this test that we would even prohibit an employee from volun- tarily taking it, and then allowing or asking or requesting or imploring their employer to look at it. The other thing I would mention is In this caw we want to make sure we really sock it to the employer. If you look at the last three lines of section 5 you find this: "The court shall award to a prevailing plaintiff in any action under this subsection the reasonable costs of such action, including attor- neys' fees." Note it does not say the court shall award the "prevailing party". In other words, a case, no matter how frivolous, brought against an employer by the employee that is determined to be friv- olous will not allow that employer to get back the costs incurred. That may be a very expensive proposition when we realize up in the previous subsec- tion it says: An action to recover the liability pre- scribed in paragraph al may be maintained against the employer in any Federal or State court of competent Jurisdiction by any one or more employees or perspective em- ployees (or any person acting on behalf of such employee or employees) for or in behalf of himself or themselves and other employees or perspective employees in a similar 'situation. In other words, it legitimizes class action suits. So we can have a situation in which an employee brings a frivolous case on behalf of other employees or other members of a class before a court, go through the whole case, all the way to trial, and at that point in time when it Is tossed out the employer is left with the large expenditure of funds, includ- ing attorney fees, but does not get the Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9550 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 benefit of this section which says only prevailing plaintiffs can be recom- pensed. 0 1255 Now I do not understand in this House how we continually want to make sure that we sock it to the em- ployer even when the employer is proven to be without fault. Continual- ly we have bills brought to us here that say, "By God, we are going to sock it to you and we are going to put the fear of God in you, so that even though we don't have a good case against you, we are going to punish you nonetheless." That does not make a great deal of sense to me. It is a manifestation of a prevailing attitude in this House that seems to say the deep pockets of the employer are so deep we can keep dig- ging and digging and digging. Why we have this bias against em- ployers in this bill. I do not know. "You shall award to the prevailing plaintiff, only" but not to the prevail- ing defendant. The other factor I would like to dis- cuss here is the question of whether or not these lie detector tests have any validity whatsoever. We seem to just easily jump over the fact that we have required them in de- fense, in the intelligence community and now in the foreign policy commu- nity. As a member of the Committee on Intelligence, I can tell you that the in- telligence community absolutely be- lieves in the validity of these tests, not as the sole determinant but as part of an entire review of prospective em- ployees. In fact, in the last number of years that this Congress has been most critical of the intelligence com- munity for security lapses, one of the problems cited has been the failure to administer such tests to individuals subsequently found to have skipped out with State secrets. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from California (Mr. Lux- OREN] has expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. LUN- GREN WAS allowed to proceed for 3 addi- tional minutes.) Mr. LUNGREN. So, in fact, as Mem- bers have suggested in debate here, there is a schizophrenic attitude evi- dent on the floor today which says that we can use, in fact we require to be used, this tool as a pre-employment practice or as an investigative tool with the intelligence community of the United States. This is because we think that the national security inter- ests of the United States are so impor- tant. Yet the validity that is assumed when we grant that authority and ob- ligate those agencies to use it, is thrown by the wayside when we dis- cuss it here. Now I have in my previous life as an attorney had the opportunity to repre- sent some security companies, that is, those who provide security. And I will tell you I am not satisfied in all cases that the standards that presently apply for those people who are al- lowed to carry guns and have badges on their shirts, rent-a-cops some people call them, are as great as they ought to be. But it seems to me non- sensical for us to say that a security firm that is going to put an amend- ment, a loaded gun on the hip of its employee to go out and supposedly protect us, is not going to have the ability to use this tool as part of an overall approach to its employment practices. We allow these things to be done with respect to our police depart- ments. In fact, a Supreme Court case found that a police officer accused of a particular offense may be required to take a lie detector test and his job would be in the balance if he failed to do so. This was allowed even though the Court would not allow that it be required in a criminal setting. I also do not understand why we say here that the polygraph is not to be used because it is a fallible instrument. Every single one of us in this Chamber is fallible. In fact, last Thursday we found out how fallible our rules are in this House. Yet I do not see anybody here saying that we ought to close down completely, not do the Nation's business because we have imperfect laws or imperfect rules. In fact, some Members on that side have instructed us that those rules are going to remain imperfect and we should just accept it because that is the cost of doing busi- ness. In a somewhat similar fashion, the polygraph is not infallible. We should recognize this. It can be used, it has been used. We have criticized the in- telligence community when they have not used it. It seems to me to be the height of hyprocisy to require it in our "ballpark" but not to allow it in the private sector. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. LUNGREN. I yield to the gen- tleman from North Carolina. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from California (Mr. Lon- GREW has again expired. (On request of Mr. NEAL and by unanimous consent Mr. LUNGE= was allowed to proceed for 2 additional minutes.) Mr. LUNGREN. I continue to yield to the gentleman from North Caroli- na. Mr. NEAL. I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I recognize that the gentleman from Florida and the gen- tleman from California and others are vitally interested in our national secu- rity. -What I do not understand is how they would be willing to even begin to trust such a fallible instrument. It is not that these gadgets are accurate 95 percent of the time or 99 percent of the time; the fact of the matter is that they are no more accurate than the flip of a coin. Mr. LUNGREN. Reclaiming my time, I would say to the gentleman I have heard that cited. I will tell you that is not the testimony you hear from the intelligence community. That is not the testimony you hear from the people who have been part of the CIA, the NSA and so forth, over the last 25 years. In fact, criticisms of those agencies for security lapses have included criti- cism that they did not use the lie de- tector test when it should have been used. And there has also been the point that had it been used it is most likely that the agencies would have been able to stop certain people from having the classes of information that otherwise got into the hands of our enemy. Mr. NEAL Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield again briefly? Mr. LUNGREN. I yield to the gen- tleman from North Carolina (Mr. Neal]. Mr. NEAL. I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I would like to refer the gentleman to some scientists, not hearsay evidence but scientific evi- dence. Here is a statement by Dr. John Berry, associate dean, Georgetown University School of Medicine. He calls his paper "The Nonexistence of the Lie Detector Test." He says he wants to "make two Important Points today." This was the testimony before our. Committee on Government Oper- ations. "Two important points about the polygraph: First, no such machine as a lie detector exists. There is no physio- logical response unique to lying. "I have to point out that the other point he makes is that a lot of people believe that there is such a thing as a "lie detector" test so you can -scare some people. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from California has again expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. Lon- MIEN was allowed to proceed for a addi- tional minutes.) Mr. LUNGREN. I will continue to yield to the gentleman from North Carolina (Mr. NEAL]. Mr. NEAL. I thank the gentleman for yielding. The author of the paper went on to say that lying is only one of several stimuli which may excite a person: other stimuli which cause excitement are fear of losing one's job, embarrass- ment or anger at being examined, for example. He, in answer to his own question, "Does it work at all?" says this: "It is a simple coin. It will be right 50 percent of the time in a di- chotomous situation that is a lie- nonlie." The point he makes is that so called "lie detection" test are no more accurate than the flip of a coin. So I say to my distinguished col- leagues, the point is we are relying on something that is inherently unreli- able and to use this even as a part of Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE clearing someone for important na- tional security considerations is dan- gerous to our own security. Mr. LUNGREN. I appreciate the gentleman's remarks. I might say if you would go back, say 10 years ago to the time when Mr. Califano was Secre- tary of HHS, I can cite you quotes from Mr. Califano, when he said that the CAT scanner Was not an appropri- ate diagnostic instrument and that we were wasting money on it. Yet I know people walking the streets today who are alive because they used the CAT scanner as a diagnostic tool. Mr. NEAL. The gentleman is very cleverly changing the subject. The subject is polygraphs. Mr. LUNGREN. Now, wait a second. I would be glad to listen to the gentle- man on his time but this is on my time. The point is I can cite you medical authorities who will tell you that bypass surgery should not have been done in many cases 12 years ago. In fact, my father is one of those, a board certified internist and cardiologist. He changed his mind about their applica- bility after he had one. Thank God he has been able to live for over a decade after having such an operation. I accept the gentleman's opinion as his own, that doctor's. I will say this, those in the intelligence community of the United States, not giving an opin- ion off the top of their head but giving an opinion based on their experience over some approximately 40 years have told us it is an essential tool to protect the national security interests of the United States. They use them in the employment practice, the preemployment practice techniques and also investigations later on. I would say that I would yield to their ideas rather than to someone who is giving us an opinion based on no prac- tice. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from California has again expired. (On request of Mr. NEAL and by unanimous consent, Mr. LUNGREN was allowed to proceed for 1 additional minute.) Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman continue to yield? Mr. LUNGREN. I yield to the gen- tleman from North Carolina (Mr. NEAL). Mr. NEAL. I thank the gentleman once again for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I would ask my dis- tinguished colleague to bring to the floor of the House of Representatives some evidence, some scientific evi- dence, not hearsay, not my evidence, not my opinion, not your opinion, but bring us some evidence that these gadgets are reliable. I certainly want to keep an open mind on the subject. I have riased this point throughout the debate today and no one in opposition to this bill has presented one scintilla of evidence that these things are reli- able. Mr. LUNGREN. There is a differ- ence between science and art but that does not mean that art is witchcraft. We talk about the art of medicine; we do not talk about the science of medi- cine in terms of diagnosing people. We talk about the practice of medi- cine; we do not talk about the perfec- tion of medicine. Many of the tech- niques, diagnostic as they are, that doctors use today cannot be proven ab- solutely scientifically but they are proven in terms of practical effect. I would suggest that the relationship that the gentleman has presented be- tween the scientific and witchcraft is a non sequitur. In fact we are talking about an art that has been proven. The CHAIRMAN. Are there any amendments to section 5? If not, the Clerk will designate sec- tion 6. The text of section 6 is as follows: SEC. S. EXEMPTIONS. (a) No APPLICATION TO GOVERNMENTAL Em- PLOYERS.?The provisions of this Act shall not apply with respect to the United States Government, a State or local government, or any political subdivision of a State or local government. (b) NATIONAL DEFENSE AND SECURITY Ex- Emrriorr.?(1) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to prohibit the administration, in the performance of any counterintelligence function, of any lie detector test to? (A) any expert or consultant under con- tract to the Department of Defense or any employee of any contractor of such depart- ment; or (B) any expert or consultant under con- tact with the Department of Energy in con- nection with the atomic energy defense ac- tivities of such department or any employee of any contractor of such department in connection with such activities. (2) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to prohibit the administration, in the per- formance of any Intelligence or counterin- telligence function, of any lie detector test to? (A)(i) any individual employed by. or SS- signed or detailed to, the National Security Agency or the Central Intelligence Agency. (ii) any exert or consultant under contract to the National Security Agency or the Cen- tral Intelligence Agency, (iii) any employee of a contractor of the National Security Agency or the Central intelligence Agency. or (iv) any individual apply- ing for a posi- tion in the National Security Agency or the Central Intelligence Agency; or (B) any individual assigned to a space where sensitive cryptologic information is produced, processed, or stored for the Na- tional Security Agency or the Central Intel- ligence Agency. Cc) EXEMPTION FOR FBI CONTRACTORS.? Nothing in this Act shall be construed to prohibit the administration, in the perform- ance of any counterintelligence function, of any lie detector test to an employee of a contractor of the Federal Bureau of Investi- gation of the Department of Justice who is engaged in the performance of any work under the contract with such Bureau. AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. YOUNG OF FLORIDA Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I offer an amendment. The Clerk read as follows: Amendment offered by Mr. YOUNG of Florida: Page 8, after line 13, insert the fol- lowing new subsection: H 9551 (d) NURSING Roma EXEMPT/ON.?ThIS Act shall not prohibit the use of a lie detector test by an employer on any employee or prospective employee of any miming home facility. This subsection shall not preempt or supercede any State or local law which prohibits or restricts the use of lie detector tests. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, this amendment comes at an ap- propriate place in the bill. Section 6 is entitled National Defense and Securi- ty Exemptions. In 1985, when we had the Armed Services authorization bill before the House, the House of Repre- sentatives approved by ? vote of 333 to 71 an amendment offered by this Member to establish a polygraph pro- gram for those in the Defense Depart- ment seeking classified clearances. That 2-year test program worked so well that in 1987 we offered the amendment to provide a permanent program for the national Department of Defense. That permanent program was approved by this House 345 to only 44 against. And as was discussed earlier today, the House this year voted 414 to zero for an amendment to the State De- partment authorization bill to require the use of polygraphs in screening em- bassy security personnel. So obviously the House of Repre- sentatives believes there is need for the use of polygraph. I made this point earlier and I want to say it again briefly: If this bill be- comes law the way it is presently writ- ten or if it is to be amended several times or no times, there is still going to be the use of the polygraph because the bill presented by the gentleman from Montana allows the use of poly- graph by the Federal Government, State governments, county govern- ments, and local governments and Po- litical subdivisions thereof. Just for example back home in Flori- da where we used to have mosquito problems, we used to have what we called mosquito control boards. Now under this bill you use the polygraph when someone applies for a job on the mosquito control board to drive a truck between the hours of midnight and 4 o'clock in the morning spraying swampy areas and drainage ditches. Under this bill you could use the poly- graph in that case but you could not use the polygraph to screen someone who would deal with America's elderly because under this bill, you cannot use the polygraph to screen an employee who is seeking employment to serve America's elderly in nursing homes. In fact, I thought when the bill came out that it might do that, be- cause last year in this debate, along with a number of other exemptions that the chairman accepted, he accept- ed my amendment to exempt nursing homes from this prohibition because he felt?and I am sure most of us in the Chamber felt?that if anyone needs our protection it is those elderly in nursing homes who cannot take care of themselves, who are bedridden, Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9552 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 who have no family, in many cases, to look after them. Mr. Chairman, I digress just a moment here: Here are three volumes of hearings conducted by Select Com- mittee on Aging of the House of Rep- resentatives dealing with abuse of the elderly and to a great extent in nurs- ing homes, 0 1310 These reports also deal with the rights of America's institutionalized aged lodged in confinement, and elder abuse. Throughout these hearings we are told how elderly people in nursing homes have been abused and over- drugged to keep them under control so they did not make a lot of demands. We hear of soiled bed clothes not changed because someone did not want to do it, and of theft from elderly persons in the nursing homes. One of the problems in nursing homes is that people who work there do not get paid enough money, and many of them do not stay on the job very long. They are very transient; they come and they go, and it is very difficult to keep track of their previ- ous employment records. So nursing homes and nursing home managements have turned to another tool. Little by little they are using the polygraph to screen prospective em- ployees, those who are going to deal with the elderly, those who in the wee hours of the night have access to that patient strapped down to that bed, those who in the wee hours of the night have access to those people's be- longings. Mr. Chairman, we owe those in nurs- ing homes the protection of this Con- gress and of this law, and I say again there is going to be the polygraph in America whether the Williams bill passes or not. The Williams bill pro- vides for the polygraph in certain cases. But it is at least necessary that we accept this amendment to create an exemption for nursing homes so that those people who are serving America's elderly might be checked out before they do serious harm to one of our elderly mothers or grandmoth- ers or fathers or grandfathers. Let us look after them. As I said, the subcommittee chairman accepted this amendment last year. I had hoped that he would accept it again this year. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the amendment, and I will not take the full 5 minutes allotted to me because I do not think it is necessary. It really offends me to think that there are people who assume that every pervert in the world wants to work in this industry, and that all of those people who are working out there very diligently and conscien- tiously should be polygraphed in order to prove that they are conscientious and diligent, and yet there are people who are looking to work in these pro- fessions because of their dedication to aiding and helping the elderly and children in daycare centers and other places. I hate to think that we have to worry every time we send a child to school or to preschool or anytime we put one of our elderly parents or rela- tives in a day care home. I hate to think that we have to worry about all the perverts that are working there and all the perverts that want to apply for jobs there. It goes back to what one of my colleagues said. You are in- nocent until you are proven guilty, but this assumes you are guilty before you are proven innocent. That is offensive. I do not see that there is anything wrong in requiring employers to do a diligent job if investigating the back- grounds of the individuals who are ap- plying, looking at their credentials and histories and seeing what they are and who they are. I am sure that in the multitude of people working out there in those industries there is no reason to be alarmed. I resent the inference that all of those people need to be po- lygraphed. Mr. Chairman, I also resent the in- ference that America is going to hell in a hand basket if we do not allow the polygraph to be used. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word, and I rise In opposition to the amendment. Mr. Chairman, it is true that this bill does not prevent the public sector, that is, law enforcement officers, the FBI, the National Security Council, and all the rest, from using the poly- graph. They use the lie detector under very restrained and highly regulated circumstances. This bill does not have jurisdiction over that matter and does not affect it. But I remind my colleagues again that our local police agencies, the FBI, the National Security Council, the CIA, and the other public agencies througout the United States adminis- ter only 2 percent of the lie detector tests given in the United States. What we are trying to do here is restrain the vast bulk of the quick, easy, simple, in- expensive, unreliable tests that are given in the United States. Yes, we accepted this amendment the last time. We accepted it at almost midnight after 6 or 7 hours of debate. We felt that the Senate would not take this bill with that amendment in it or would strip that amendment. I guess we were correct about the former. The Senate did not take the bill. It was a mistake on our part to accept this amendment. I ask my colleagues, have they read the amendment? It says that any em- ployee or prospective employee of a nursing home facility has to undergo a lie detector test. I wonder how many people that is in the United States? prospective employees of nursing homes. It means that not only would we be strapping in and plugging in the doctors, the nurses, and the specialists that work in nursing homes, but we would also be giving the lie detector test to the fellow that raises the flag in the morning outside the nursing home and takes it down at night. We would also be strapping in the secre- tary that works in the front office and provides only indirect service to any of those elderly citizens In the nursing home. The groundskeeper who is out there cutting the lawn and trying to keep the place looking nice for those senior citizens and the people visiting them would have to undergo a lie de- tector test under this amendment. Do we want to keep our senior citi- zens safe in the nursing homes in this country? Absolutely. Of course we do. And that may mean that we ought to raise the minimum wage in America, because, as the gentleman from Flori- da has noted, one of the reasons, in his opinion, that we get less then perhaps excellent employees in nursing homes is because we do not pay them enough. We will see how the gentleman and his colleagues vote when the minimum wage bill comes up perhaps next year. Yes, we need good personnel prac- tices, including good wages and good benefits in the nursing homes. We need a screening process. But we just maintain that to make every employee and every prospective employee of the nursing homes in the United States undergo this demeaning test is wrong. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WILLIAMS. I yield to the gen- telman from Texas. Mr BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chairman, there will be a lot of debate no doubt on this, but I do want to be sure to clarify and give the gen- tleman a chance to clarify his state- ment as to what the amendment says. I have a copy of it if the gentleman has not been provided one. The amendment does not provide that every employee or any employee of any nursing home will be subjected to a polygraph test The amendment merely says that this act shall not pro- hibit the use of the polygraph by an employer of employees at a nursing home. The amendment does not man- date the employers to do any more or any less than they are doing now. It goes on to say that this subsection is not going to preempt any State law which in most States places rather stringent standards and in most States prohibits the use of the polygraph as the sole determinant. So when the gentleman told us that this amendment provides that all em- ployees of nursing homes will be re- quired to take a polygraph test, I just want to bring to the gentleman's at- tention the fact that that is not true. This amendment provides that this act will not prohibit the use of the poly- graph, but it does not require it for anybody. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, re- claiming my time, I appreciate the gentleman's explanation. He is, of course, correct. I did not mean to and I Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE believe that I did not misrepresent the amendment. This simply allows nurs- ing home owners to polygraph any em- ployee or any prospective employee, from the groundskeeper to the flag raiser. Mr. LUNGREN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words, and I rise in support of the amendment. Mr. Chairman, a lot of times here we talk in the ephemeral world. We talk in legalities, and we do not talk about what actually happens in the real world. We forget, on the one hand, that we have in the past, and State legislatures have in the past, enacted precisely legislation which does not allow certain information to come out. Yes, you can in some cases get con- viction records if those conviction records have not been sealed, but you cannot get arrest records. And as many of us know, in many situations around the country, because of the overcrowding of our court system, of- tentimes a plea bargain will take place to an offense that is a lesser offense or to an offense that may be only tangen- tially involved with the facts of the crime committed. So in some cases we may have some- one whose actions gave rise to a crime which would bring some cause to have alarm about having that individual taking care of the elderly. Yet there is no way the employer can check on that. When the Subcommittee on Health and Long-Term Care of the Select Committee on Aging held hearings on the rights of America's institutional- ized aged, they heard testimony from one of the representatives from Cali- fornia, the executive director of the Commission on California State Gov- ernment Organization and Economy, that has gone in and looked at the level of care of the institutionalized el- derly. He indicated that although under California law the applicant, that is, the person whose actual name would be on the license for the com- munity care facility is screened for past criminal record, there is?and these are his words?"no way of know- ing whether his employees have a criminal record. We received testimo- ny on various cases in which employ- ees with criminal records raped, beat, and abandoned residents." That is what we are talking about here. We are not talking about the guy who is raising the flag in the morning and has no connection with the pa- tients involved. We are talking about prospective employees with criminal records who would rape, beat, and abandon residents. These are the el- derly in our community care facilities. That is pretty serious. That ought to be something that we are concerned about in this House. So when we talk about this amendment, let us talk about the practical. Let us talk about an 80-year-old woman who is bedrid- den, who is being treated in one of these facilities, and who is at the mercy of the employees there. And so I ask, should we say to her after she has been beaten or raped, "Well, maybe if we had had a little bit better information about that person, we wouldn't have hired him. But, you know, we had to make sure that person didn't suffer the indignity of having to take a lie detector test as part of the entire screening; nonethe- less we will make sure that that person is not employed tomorrow to rape or to beat you." This is the real world. We are not making these things up. This is from the testimony of people who have looked at what has happened in my home State of California. Mr. Chairman, I would suggest that we ought to be concerned about that. Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. LUNGREN. I yield to the gen- tleman from California. Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman for yield- ing. What the gentleman says is very ac- curate and very true. It is something we should consider very carefully. It is not just a possibility. Just yesterday, I believe it was, a man pleaded guilty to killing 13 people, and they think there were many more, in a hospital. This is a not unsimilar situation. Mr. Chairman, this is something we do owe to our people. Why should we say that the secrets of the Defense De- partment are more sacred than the lives and well-being of our elderly citi- zens? Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. LUNGREN. I am happy to yield to the author of this amendment. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman from Cali- fornia for his contribution. He has made some very, very strong and per- suasive points here. In support of that, let me just hold up these relatively im- portant copies of newspaper stories telling how previous employers are not responding to requests for information about employees that might have worked for them because if they give a bad recommendation, they are getting sued. In some cases they are getting sued if they give a good recommenda- tion. They are just buttoning up in many cases, and it is getting more difficult all the time to learn something about an applicant from a previous employ- er. Mr. LUNGREN. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for offering his amendment, and I hope we will have a unanimous vote in favor of this amendment. Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong sup- port of the amendment offered by the gentleman from Florida (Mr. YOUNG], and I want to commend him for realiz- 9553 ing that here we have a very obvious flaw in the Williams bill that must be addressed and that I think certainly is addressed by this amendment. I think it is interesting to note, Mr. Chairman, that if this House of Repre- sentatives has gone on record for any one thing or any one subject or any one topic, it has been taking action to better the lot and the lives of our el- derly people in this country. I think to take away, as this bill would do, the right to see that those persons who care for and administer care to our el- derly are not properly investigated would indeed be setting a bad, bad precedent here on the floor of the House of Representatives. 0 1325 Further example of how unfair the situation has become, Mr. Chairman, under the bill as it now stands, a person who is charged, a young person who is charged with stealing $3.50 worth of candy from a store can be po- lygraphed by the police; but at the same time a person who may have a serious record of convictions, and the amount of convictions may not have been divulged, cannot be polygraphed by the owners of a nursing home. It is important to note that, let us not take away this valuable investiga- tive tool which should be used in con- junction with, not solely for the pur- pose of determining suitability for a particular job, but in conjunction with all other evidence to screen out these people who might not be employable. I was gratified last year when the committee accepted this amendment, but now it appears to be an opposite situation here today. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. DARDEN. I yield to the gentle- man from California. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. I want to refer to the point the gen- tleman makes on the validity of a lie- detector test, because it is given by a police department and not used in evi- dence. A court of law does not recognize it, because the polygraph is recognized as invalid. They cannot use it in evidence. If the police are using it, they are using it as a supplement, and that re- quires them to dig up the hard evi- dence, and more than just that poly- graph test. I think the argument is the kind of an argument that confuses us into giving credibility to the use of a lie de- tector test in the private workplace. Mr. DARDEN. The police can, under this bill, continue to use a polygraph unfettered as they have in many years throughout this country. What it does prohibit as it stands now is the right of a person who may go to work in a nursing home to care for our elderly, they cannot have that type of background check. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9554 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 Mr. LUNGREN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. DAMAN. I yield to the gentle- man from California. Mr. ' LUNGRES: Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. The police departments use the lie detector tests in precisely the same way we are asking' under this amend- ment that employers, in taking care of the elderly, use it; that is, in employ- ment situations. - That is where the police use it today, and the Supreme Court has said that they can use it They can use it for employment circumstances. We are not talking. about using it for criminal circumstances here. We. are talking about using it for employment circumstances. Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for making that point. We are contending that the poly- graph ought to be used in evidence, even though. it might be permitted to be used in evidence by stipulation, in some States. We are making the point that once more the polygraph should be used as the same investigatiVe tool by owners of nursing homes. lust as police offi- cers can use it. It is a valuable investigative tool which should not be taken. away from the possible benefit to the elderly. Mr. WILLIAMS: Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. DARDEN. I yield to the gentle- man from Montana. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman. I thank the gentleman for yielding. , Who ought to investigate crime? This bill sayrff the police departments want to investigate crime and want to use the He detector to investigate crime, let them do it; but what some of the Members on the floor seem to want is to allow private Industry to become- police departments, and not only that, but they want to allow pri- vate industry to use the gadget in a way we do not? allow law enforcement to use it; and that is, for preemploy- ment. for people who never committed a crime. The Members would allow the owners of nursing homes to require a secretary seeking a Job in a nursing home to be sat down, strapped in and plugged in. We do not let the law-en- forcement agencies in this country do that. That is a far broader situation that the gentleman wants to create. Mr. WALKER Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. I rise in support of the amendment and I would say to the gentleman from Montana that what the gentleman just said is wrong with regard to what we do in this body. Just a few moments ago the staff checked with the Capitol Police, and guess what. For the protection of our selves around here, we ailow the Cap- itol Police to have two full-time exam- iners who do nothing but screen all ap- plicants for the Capitol Police Force, to check the info that is on their ap- plications, not for _investigative work of criminals. We allow our Capitol Police to screen all their applicants about the Information that is on their applica- tions. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALKER.. I yield to the gentle- man from Montana. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. My question IS, do we allow the Cap- itol Police, or any other police depart- ment, to use the lie detector test to screen prospective employees of nurs- ing homes or banks or anywhere else? That is what this amendment allows, nursing homes, so I was not wrong. Mr. WALKER. No, we are allowing the Capitol Police Force, in terms of the people that apply to work at the Capitol Police Force, to use lie detec- tor tests to screen those applicants, ex- actly what the gentleman from Flori- da wants to do in terms of nursing homes, screening their own applicants. It is exactly the same. What we now have is a standard whieh says that to Protest ourselves, we will have one standard. To protect the elderly of America, we will have another standard. That is an abomination. Once again, we have legislation on the Boor that says we are somehow above the law, that this particular body of men and women is better than the law, that what we are going to take away from private industry, we are not willing to take away from ourselves, became there is nothing in this bill that takes away from our ability to use lie detec- tors to screen the people that protect us. I cannot understand it. Why is it day after day, week after week we are bringing bills tto the floor that say we are better than the rest of the Ameri- can people? / would think it would get to be an embarrassment after a while. To find out the gentleman from Florida wants to protect the elderly of America, and we say no, you cannot do that. When It comes to protecting ourselves, we are going to have the best equipment in our arsenal to do so. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman- yield? Mr. WALKER. I yield to the gentle- man from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman for yield- ing to me. I want to make sure I understand the gentleman's point. If it is proper to use a polygraph examination to screen those who protect Members of the U.S. Congress, then it should be proper to use that same process, that same quote gadget unquote- to protect elderly people lying in nursing homes who cannot take care of themselves nearly as well as we can here in Con- gress. Is that what the gentleman is saying? Mr. WALKER. I would say to the gentleman, I think it is probably more important to have that particular abil- ity rather than for ourselves. Maybe those people Who are bring helpless in nursing homer deserve more protection than whist we deserve In the U.S. Congress, and so the- gen- tleman is absolutely correct, and that Is the point I am making. If the technique is good enough. if it Is good enough for elderly Americans, it is good enough for employers all the way across this country. I find it very, very disturbing that day after day,, week after week we are saying we are. somehow better than the rest of America,. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALKER. I yield to the gentle- man from Montana. Mr. WIIIIAMS Mr. Chairman. I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. Does the gentleman, know in. this matter of the House being duplicitous here on Capitol Hill, does the gentle- man know whether or not the Capitol Police, give lie detector tests, to that fellow that raises the flag, and to those secretaries that work in the office of the gentleman from. Pennsylvania, be- cause this amendment. allows nursing home owners, not public officials, to rive the lie detector test to people. ap- plying for a job to, cut lawn outside the nursing home? Mr. WALKER. The gentleman's bill exempts all government employees, so it is my undeestancittec and in the same way that the. gentleman's amendment. allows the nursing home operators to behave, we are. allowed to behave ourselves. If we wanted to test the people who raised the flag in the morning, we could under the gentleman's bilt; but under the gentleman's bill, the nurs- ing home operator does not have that option. The gentleman from Florida is saying that your bill. ought to give the nursing homes that option. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, will the- gentleman yield? Mr. WALKER. I yield to the gentle- man from Texas: Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. We need to get back to what the bill says, and I propound the question to the sponsor of the bill; or any of the sponsors including the. gentleman from Montana. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Pennsylvania Wmansid has expired. (On request of Mr. Marra= and by unanimous consent, Mr Wax= was allowed to, proceed for $ additional minutes.) The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will offer the explanation that in accord Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9555 ance with the precedents, the Chair will recognize members of the commit- tee, first priority, and then those non- members in accordance with seniority. I thought that explanation would be in order to understand the recognition by the Chair of diverse Members who have sought recognition. Mr. WALKER. We thank the Chair. Mr. Chairman, I yield further to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BART- LETT]. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. I would propound the question to the sponsors of the legislation. Would they then accept an amend- ment to permit nursing-home opera- tors to use the polygraph as one deter- minant in hiring those employees that deal directly with the elderly in a way in which it is an occupation? If that is an amendment that is ac- ceptable, then perhaps the sponsor of the bill should accept the amendment with that change in it, and we could go on to the next amendment. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I would be glad to yield to the gentle- man from Montana to see if the gen- tleman wants to have that reasonable amendment added to the bill. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. The sponsor of the bill believes that one cannot cure baldness through the application of electricity, just as one believes that a box plugged into a wall cannot determine through the applica- tion of electricity whether the person is telling a truth or a lie. The sponsor of the bill is opposed to the use of the lie detector gadget. Mr. WALKER. Let me say to the sponsor of the bill, what the gentle- man is saying is, it is perfectly all right when it comes to protecting the gen- tleman, when the Capitol Police use it to protect him, and the gentleman's bill in now way says we are going to take that power away from the Cap- itol Police when it comes to protecting the gentleman? Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALKER. I yield to the gentle- man from Texas. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. I further inquire as to whether or not the sponsor would accept an amendment to unexempt Congress from this bill. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will continue to yield, the sponsor of this bill will cosign a bill introduced by the gentleman from Texas to take away from the Capitol Police the use of the lie detector gadget. Will the gentleman offer that? Mr. BARTLETT. It would not be a bill; it would be an amendment to this bill. Mr. WILLIAMS. My bill would have jurisdiction over this. If the gentleman can offer this amendmermt to strip the use of the lie detector from the Capitol Police, his gentleman will sup- port it; and I will tell the gentleman why. Spies and terrorists, people intent on doing the Members any bodily harm can go through a lie detector like water through a sieve. If we are depending on the lie detec- tor to protect ourselves, we are in a lot of trouble. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will continue to yield, the sponsor of the bill is being straightforward and honest then. The gentleman wants to prohibit polygraphs in all cases. The House will consider an amendment to remove the congressional exemption from this bill. Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, re- claiming my time, we also do lie detec- tor tests of the people who work on our intelligence committees, for exam- ple. It goes much further than that when we are relying on protecting the intelligence of this country, using the employees of this body, and we use lie detectors there too. The gentleman thinks they are some sort of a witchcraft, but we do depend upon them. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. WALKER] has again expired. (On request of Mr. YOUNG of Florida, and by unanimous consent, Mr. WALKER was allowed to proceed for 3 additional minutes.) Mr. KASICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALKER. I yield to the gentle- man from Ohio. Mr. KASICH. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. The Stillwell Commission, the group that studied the problems with securi- ty leaks throughout this country, pointed out the problem with poly- graphs is not the fact that people can avoid them. The problem is that they are not ad- ministered in a way that does not tip somebody off as to when those tests are going to be administered; and in fact, if you study the whole Walker situation, the senior Walker told his son, "Don't get yourself in a position where you are ever going to be poly- graphed, because that is how you are going to get discovered." Using a polygraph in national securi- ty is a very valuable tool in terms of trying to prevent this kind of thing from happening. They are recom- mending more use of the polygraph, not less, when it comes to national se- curity. That point ought not to be missed when we are looking at something as sensitive as this. 0 1340 Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman. Let me yield to the gentleman from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman for yield- ing. An important point has been raised relative to who believes the polygraph works or does not work. This latest conversation prompts me to read this statement from Christo- pher Boyce. Christopher Boyce ap- pearing before the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs made this statement. Christopher Boyce is very infamous in that while he worked for one of our defense contactors, he sold out to the KGB and provided them with some very strategic information that harmed us considerably. Christopher Boyce said that the KGB officer who was his charge told him that they had ways to beat the polygraph. Christopher Boyce said to the Senate: I knew I could not pass the polygraph and greatly feared it. That same fear heightened my resolve never to accept direct employ- ment with the CIA because they require a polygraph. Now, Christopher Boyce, I think, should be paid attention to because he has cost us a lot of money and he has given the Soviets some very important strategic information that belonged to us, that we developed. Unfortunately we are getting away from the amend- ment at hand. The subject before us now is are we going to give elderly people in nursing homes the protec- tion of having an opportunity to screen prospective employees who are going to be tending them in the wee hours. That is the issue. Are we going to do that or not? Unfortunately we have allowed the debate to move in the wrong direction. The proponents of this bill are trying to create the illusion that we are going to polygraph, that we want to poly- graph everyone who applies for a job anywhere in the world. That is not the case, not the case at all. First of all, to conduct a polygraph examination takes time. No. 2, it is extremely costly and if you think that all these industries just want to indiscriminately use poly- graphs, you are wrong, but it is a very good tool and the existence of the pro- gram itself will be very helpful. But let us not allow this debate to move off in 20 directions. This debate, this moment, is whether or not we are going to give protection to the elderly people in America's nursing homes. I thank the gentleman for yielding. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Pennsylvania has again expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. WALKER was allowed to proceed for 2 additional minutes.) Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, let me say to the gentleman, and I will Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9556 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, .1.987 yield to the gentleman in a moment, but let messy to the gentleman that I think it is important that we refocus the debate on his amendment. What this gentleman is saying is we ought to do unto ethers, namely, the elderly, what we winkle/ do unto our- selves, namely, we allow our Capitol Police to administer lie detector teats when it comes to protecting us. They do it on the basis of job applications. That is- the mime standard of protec- tion that we ought to allow to the el- derly of this country. Mr. NEAL, Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALKER.. I am very glad to yield to the gentleman from North Carolina. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. I agree with the gentleman that we ought to be on this subiect, but the gentleman from Florida made a very Important point The gentleman from Florida said that the spy. that he quoted was afraid of the polygraph. That is precisely the point. The point is that the polygraph tests do not work. They are not he detector tests. They we unreliable, no more ac- curate than the flip of a coin, but there are people who are afraid of them. There are some people out there who believe that they work and in those eases when there are people who believe that they work; the threat of a polygraph can elicit a desired re- sponse; but as more and more people learn that they, do not work, they will be become less and leas effective. This is the most important point, since they are unreliable and many people do it, the most dangerous people, the peojie who would be most dangerous to our national security or to our elderly or to us here, the terror- ists and so on, knew how to beat them. There are mental techniques, drugs, and other ways to beat the polygraph. Mr. DeLAY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALKER. Let me regain my time and yield to the gentleman from Texas. Mr. DeLAY. Mr. Chairman, I think that the gentleman from North Caro- lina has established his entire support for this bill on the fallibility of the polygraph system. The gentleman cited a few studies and challenged us to come up with studies of our own. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Pennsylvania has again expired. (At the request of Mr. DrLatv, and by unanimous consent, Mr. WALKER was allowed to proceed for 2 additional minutes. Mr. WALKER I yield to the gentle- man from Texas. Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, I would ask the gentleman after my statement if he will change his support for the bill if we can cite to the gentleman nu- merous studies that show the accuracy of the polygraph. In 1984, the Department of Defense called for a study to be done of the number of studies in the United States that have been done on the accuracy of the polygraph. I would just like to cite a few of them. From Dr. Berland, University of Utah, 89.7 percent accurate. Mr. Philip Bersh, Temple University, 92.4 percent accurate. Mr. Richard Blum, Stanford Univer- sity, 96.2 percent accurate. Dr. Frank Horvarth, 67.8 percent ac- curate. Dr. David Raskin, 96 percent accu- rate, and I could go on and en. I have got the book coming over. It is about that thick of all the studies that have been done that show that it is as accu- rate as most chug testing or any other tools that are being used in employ- ment; so I can show the gentleman that there are as many, if not more studies, that show at least 85 percent rocuracy of the polygraph. I will ask the gentleman, will he now change his support for the bill, be- cause I have as many, if not more, than the gentleman has on the accura- cy- of the polygraph. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield to me to respond? Mr. WALICERA am happy to yield to the gentleman from North Caroli- na. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I would refer the gentleman to the distin- guished Republican Member from Utah who is a former professor of sta. tiaties. I think he will point out to the gentleman if we can get him involved in this debate that at those levels of accuracy, and I am not a statistician and I cannot make his argument for him, but I wish the gentleman was here to make it, because I think he could demonstrate that at these levels, and this comes as news to me, frankly, because the studies I have seen indi- cate that they are much less reliable than the gentleman indicates, but even at these levels the gentleman is talking about, the level of inaccuracy would be one that would be a very dangerous one for us to trust, to I hope that when the gentleman from Utah returns we can get involved in this. Mr. DaLAY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALKER. I. am happy to yield to the gentleman from Texas. Mr. DELAY. Mr., Chairman, I am looking for the gentleman from Utah, the statistician, because three of the studies were done by the University of Utah. Mr. CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman. from Pennsylvania has once again expired.. (By unanimous consent, Mr. WALKER was allowed to proceed for an addi- tional 10 seconds.) Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I do so just to bring the subject matter back, protect the elderly the same as we protect ourselves. Vote for the amendment of the gentleman from Florida. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. JEFFORDS asked and was. given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. JEFIi/ORDS. Mr. Chairman, the key question here is whether or not passing this amendment will do any- thing to protect the elderly. That is the question. Related to that is the question of the validity of preemployment testing. Now, the gentleman from Texas mentioned some studies, and if my memory serves me eorrectly these studies were done by the polygraphers about themselves, or related to studies of polygraphers, or at least did not deal with preemployment testing. Mr. DeLAY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JEFFORDS. I will yield to ask the gentleman this question. Did they deal with preemployment testing? Mr. DeLAY. Yes, the studies dealt with preemployment testing and these were not conducted by polygraphers. These tests were performed by profes- sors in universities that made studies commission by private organisations- and compiled by the Department of Defense in 1984. These individuals are not polygraphers. Mr. JEFFORDS. Well, I would just point to the OTA. the Office of Tech- nology Assessment of the Congress, which did a study of the studies, and those were not commented on there, and found that there is no study, to their knowledge at that time, that showed any validity to preemployment testing. That is the issue here, because we are weighing issues here dealing with the private sector which we do not have with the Government sector. Now, as to government use of the po- lygraphers I will recite some informa- tion that came to me this morning by virtue of my being on C-SPAN. I was talking with a polygrapher who did some preemployment testing for a police department. I will get to that matter in a minute. The question here is an interest- weighing matter. The important point here is the polygraph test is not reli- able. Let us take a look at what the courts have said about this and how long they have said ft.. The first case in the U.S. Supreme Court case dealing with polygraphs was in 1923. This Issue and dtricUssion On it has been in existence for probably 70 years. Yet still the courts will not allow this test to come into evidence. This should be distinguished from drug testing and all those kind of things which are allowed in evidence in courts under Certain cir- cumstances. Let us not be confused by these analogies- Also. it should be pointed out that this particular amendment Is opposed by the American Medical Association, the American Psychologists Associa- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ?HOUSE tion and the American Nurses Associa- tion. These tests administered here under these circtmatances are humi- liating. They are an invasion of priva- cy with the questions that are asked. They have no known validity in the preemployment testing situation, the private sector interests should be dis- tinguished frtun the military and others who come forward and are placed in a position of nations/ securi- ty. They are considered to have waived some of thew rights. Certainly that would be true with respect to police of- ficers dealing with us here in applying for positions which Involve that kind of rigorous testing required for such tests and responsibilities. This is not true when you talk about people de- serving and work for nursing homes, et cetera in the private sector. Let me relate to you the experience I had this morning to show you how these polygraphs are used or rather misused. On C-SPAN this morning, naturally I was challenged by poly- grs,phera One was the police depart- ment examiner in one of the Virginia areas. He called and said, "It is very reliable. We had a hundred applies- tions for four positions In the police department I examined them and in 96 cases I could tell they were drug ad- dicts, criminals or sexual abusers. Therefore, we were able to hire the only four that came forward that I could tell were really honest and would make police officers and they have." Now, can you believe that that would occur? He must have been sit- ting outside of the State prison exam- ining people coming out the door and looking for jobs. That is the kind of ri- diculous response you get from some polygraph operators. I point that out because what, we are basically concerned with here is the protection of people, yes but it is pro- tection also of those who want to be there to try to protect people. Since the polygraph has no demon- strated.reliability In this kind of gnus- tion, what we are trying to say here, at least In the preemployment situation, is that we should not subject people to such intimidating and unreliable tests, thus eliminating people from being able to work by virture of a test which absolutely has no known validity in the preempklyment situation. Mr. YOUNG of Florida.. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JETFORDS. I am happy to yield to the gentleman from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman for yield- ing. Since we got away from the elderly nursing home amendment once again and we are back on the bill, let me tell you why the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Dtaratri) and myself have sug- gested this substitute, because we mit in there a Bill of Rights for that person who might be examined by a polygrapher. A substitute says A polygrapher may not ask a question during the actual examination unless such question is in writing and has been reviewed with the examinee prior to such examine. tion. That takes care of the problem the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. 'Yuma- said mentioned earlier in the debate when they could not pronounce the name of his high schooL A polygraph examiner may not inquire Into (a) religious beliefs or atlinatione metal beliefs or opbsioiosi political beliefs or affiliations sexual preferences or aetirftles, beliefs affiliations or opinions regarding unions or labor organisations. Each prospec- tive examinee shall be required to sign s. notice before the beginning of each poly- graph examination that he understands the limitations imposed on the examiner; that the examinee may terminate the examina- tion at any time that the examinee inn legal rights and remedies if the polygraph examination is not conducted in accordance with this title. And it goes on. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Vermont has expired. (At the request of Mr. Twee of Florida, and by unanimous consent, Mr JILITORDS was allowed to proceed for I additional minute.) Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield further? Mr. JEFFORDS. I yield to the gen- tleman from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida Let me add this further point This is a bill of rights to protect the person who will be examined by a polygrapher. Now, under the Williams bill, there is no such guarantee. There is no bill of rights for the examinee in the bill before us. This substitute is the only legisla- tion pending today that protects the rights of the examinee. That is why we should adopt this substitute later on to do just that. There are going to be polygraph examinations whether the Williams bill passes or not; so at least let us make them professional and provide a bill of rights for the ex- aminee now Mr. Chairman, bat at this point let us get back to the issue at hand, which is protection of the elder- ly in nursing homes, because that is the issue before us right new. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Vermont has again expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. ar- royos was allowed to proceed for 2 ad- ditional minutes.) Mr. JEFFORDS. Well, it is hire, Mr. Chairman, that under the Williams bill there would be no Bill of Rights because there would be no examina- tion. You do not need a bill of rights to protect you from something which Is prohibited. Now, if the gentleman is saying that It would expand to other areas that may be allowed, that may be lure and I would certainly have no quarrel with that aspect of It. But here we are in- volved here wilb the question of valid- ity and nothing You can de is going to make something that has been shown H 9557 not to be valid enough to be consid- ered in evidence for 70 years to be sud- denly valid now. I ant sure that ques- tions not have been asked, have been changed and reordered by polygraph examiners over the years to try and get admissible results. Yet they still cannot get results which are reliable enough to let the courts admit them. into evidence. So I would say right now the ques- tion is whether or not these testa are valid the evidence is very clear that they are not valid, potentional em- ployees should not be subjected to such humiliating tests and questions In preemployment situations. 0 1355 Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JEFFORDS. I yield to the gen- tleman from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I am sure the gentleman from Vermont did not do this intentionally, but he misspoke.. Under the Williams bill millions of Americans can be poly- graphed. Those who work for the U.S. Government, those who Week for the governments of all the 60 States, those who work for the governments of the thousands of counties and the thou- sands and thousands of cites can all be polygraphed. Mr. JEFFORDS. Reclaiming my time, I will admit that the gentleman Is correct and add that is true for some employees of the defense industry. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. All of those people are subject to polygraph by the Williams bill. I do not think the gen- tleman intended to misspeak, but un- fortunately he did. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Chairman, / would say that the gentleman is cor- rect in that. Of course those situations other than the Federal Government are not under our jurisdiction, other- wise we may have given consideration to covering them. However, that does not diminish my arguments relative to the non validity of the tests. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JIWPORDS. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman from Califor- nia. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, the point is they are susceptible to being polygraphed and are not part of the Federal Government. The point is there are tens of thousands of those who have no business being poly- graphed because they have not done anything wrong to begin with, who are going to be polygraphed if this bill does not pass. Mr. JEFFORDS. I agree with the gentleman. We are here to protect the private sector, also, as well as deal with Government agencies. Mr. Chairman, I again urge may co/- leagues that this amendment be de- feated. Mr. McCOLLUM. Mr. Chairman, move to strike the last word. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9558 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 Mr. Chairman, I think this debate is down to the point now where we ought to be talking about what is reasonable. Everything we do in this Congress, it seems to me, is all part of our checks and balances, that old balance wheel that we have talked about in many of these debates comes into play here, it seems to me. What are the inherent evils of the polygraph test? I do not think there are inherent evils. If the polygraph is given to somebody, there may be har- assment, there is potential for abuse of it in the preemployment practice, no doubt about it, but in the sense that it is inherently evil that some- body will suffer physical ailment or somebody is going to die from it or somebody is going to be irreparably in- jured by it, that is highly improbable that that would occur. On balance, the question is under what circumstances, if any, will the polygraph examination be given in the employment scenario? It seems to me that when one weighs the limited amount of evil, if that is what it is to be called, or problems for somebody seeking employment in a nursing home, the harassment and po- tential abuse that might be there weighed against the harm that could occur to the elderly if we denied the owners and operators of nursing homes the opportunity to preemploy- ment screen with a polygraph, I think that we have to come down firmly on the side of the elderly in allowing the employment screening to take place. The fact of the matter is that there will always be debate over the techni- cal validity, of the polygraph, whether it is 85, 90.12 percent accurate. Let me say to my colleagues, drug tests are not all accurate. We had a great debate over the AIDS test, and a lot of people still sax, people in the medical profession, say the AIDS test does not screen out all the necessary things to make certain determinations. The point is that the polygraph test, by the evidence I have seen, and I have seen a lot of it as my colleagues have also seen it, is extremely valid for the purposes of preemployment screening if an employer uses other things besides simply the polygraph. which we would be required I am sure under any form of this legislation, the substitute or this one, the tests that the gentleman from Florida [Mr. YOUNG) has proposed in his substitute would seem eminently fair. These would provide the degree of safe- guards necessary to let the polygraph be used for the protection of the elder- ly. I had a grandmother in a nursing home, some of my colleagues have had their parents or grandparents in a nursing home. I think most of the nursing homes of this country are to be respected. There has been a great improvement over the last few years in the quality of care and inspections, but elderly people in nursing homes themselves are often not capable of understanding certain things, or pro- tecting themselves. They are among the most vulnerable citizens of this country. They are people that I am sure every Member of this body wants to be sure their interests are protect- ed. The fact is they can have valuable possessions in their rooms that could be easily stolen. As the debate brought out earlier, in a nursing home, an el- derly citizen can be attacked by the wrong person working there. We have had documented cases of rape and of physical abuse to the elderly in nurs- ing homes by people who have no busi- ness being employees of those nursing homes. The polygraph itself is not going to be a guarantee to get rid of all those people but it seems to me on balance. and I think that is what we have to do here as a body, if we are weighing the good and the evil of the use of the polygraph, in this case the good, the need for the polygraph in the nursing home setting to protect the elderly far outweighs any harm that could possibly occur in the em- ployment area to somebody who might want to work in a nursing home. There are a lot of other places, if somebody is worried about getting a job and being rejected, where they can go to work where they will not worry, and we will not worry, about what kind of threat they will be to the el- derly, to the health and safety of the elderly and to their possessions. It is just not responsible for this body to allow a bill like this to go through that would prohibit the em- ployer in a nursing home context from screening people who work in that es- tablishment who take care of the el- derly, who are on guard around the clock at midnight when everybody else has gone home. It is not reasonable for us to prohibit that employer from using the polygraph, from using every reasonable means to protect the elder- ly that are in that nursing home facili- ty. Mr. Chairman, I strongly urge my colleagues to put some common sense into this debate. Whatever my col- leagues think about the use of the polygraph in general, the gentleman from Florida's [Mr. Youriol amend- ment on nursing homes is eminently fair and logical, and a balanced ap- proach to this process. We need to have an amendment in this bill that exempts nursing homes. Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues to vote for the Young amendment. Mr. WORTLEY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the Young amendment. As a member of the Select Committee on Aging, I am acutely aware of the special con- cerns of the elderly and those involved with caring for the elderly. This amendment realistically confronts a very sad reality facing our seniors?a reality that involves cases of physical and psychological abuse, violation of rights, and financial exploitation in nursing homes. Let met make it clear from the start that my comments in no way typify employees and professionals of the nursing home industry, but rather some particular cases which could be avoided in the future by the use of polygraph testing. Physical abuse in nursing homes comes in many forms ranging from simple neglect to being strapped to a bed and left in the dark for hours. Oc- casionally, actual beatings occur which result in cuts, bruises, and broken bones. Psychological abuse is even more di- verse, ranging from verbal assaults to protracted efforts to dehumanize an elderly person. Additionally, violation of fundamen- tal inalienable rights occur in nursing homes. This includes violation of the right to adequate, appropriate medical treatment and the right to a clean, safe, living environment, among others. Finally, financial exploitation by nursing home employees has been ac- complished through force, fraud, deceit and misrepresentation. I am talking about documented cases in which employees have physically forced seniors into signing checks and cosigner release forms. Allowing nursing home employers to use polygraph testing would signifi- cantly aid in weeding out those few? and I emphasize few?employees or applicants who pose a direct physical, Psychological or financial threat to the elderly. Currently, it is conceivable that a person with a history of physical as- sault coud gain employment, undetect- ed, in a nursing home. Polygraph test- ing is one important and necessary option tO help make it impossible for a person to carry a bad track record, in terms of nursing home employment, from one location to Another. I sin- cerely believe that nursing home em- ployers should be permitted to use this testing method to aid their efforts to keep criminals away from the elderly. I support this amendment since it provides a much needed tool in pro- tecting our senior citizens. We have al- ready made an exemption to the poly- graph prohibition for reasons of na- tional security, and I cannot accept that it is any less important to protect our elderly?your parents, my parents, my 87-year-old mother who resides in a nursing home. I urge your consider- ation and strong support of this cru- cial exemption to H.R. 1212. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. GUNDERSON asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I hope that I will not take my full time. but I think there are two important Items that need to be added to the dis- cussion on the amendment of the gen- tleman from Florida [Mr. Youero]. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Nommber 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? HOUSE I rise in support of this amendment and I rise in sarong support of this amendment. because I would call to the attention of every one of my col- leagues and particularly my colleagues on. the Democratic aide of the aisle, to take a look at the 1285 May report by the Select Committee on Aging on "El- derly Abuse: A National Disgrace."' 0 1406 Take a look at that report and take a look at the discussions in there an the area of sesma/ abuse alone. Let me recall for my ea/leagues some of the testimony from that report. An elderly woman with cerebra/ palsy re- lated her experiences in five different nursing homes in which she lived. In one of those experiences she was abused sexually by her doctor. At that time her speech was as severely im- paired that she could not relate this experience to her nurses. A daughter wrote from California re- garding treatment of her aged mother in. a convalescent hospitak The hospi- tal personnel would tie her mother in a chair and leave her in a crowded room for long periods a time. No at- tempt was. made to treat a bad eye in- fection. Her mother was beaten up while a patient. When questioned by the daughter, the head nurse said. "We really don't know what hap- pened." Mr. Chairman, elder abuse is hap- pening and what we are talking about here today could have a direct impact on curbing- such abuse. Before we get into some kind of a rampage to auto- matically ban the use of polygraphs for everybody but national security, we must somehow or another take into consideration the very threats to those least able to protect themselves, our elderly population in this country. Second, I want to point out that 41 States in this country have some kind of legislation regarding the we of the polygraph today. AN SO States, all SO States, have. regulation of their nurs- ing home indu.stry. Are we going to at the Federal level say no matter what. you are trying to do to regulate yew nursing homes, you cannot in any way try to protect the residents of that nursing home by making sure that the people that are hired as the staff and the employees of that nursing home do not have previous records of sexual abuse of elder people.. Where are our consciences? This amendment ought to be accept- ed. There should not have been a debate, and if there in a. rolleall I ask everyone to vote for it in a unanimous fashion. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment. offered lay the gentle- man from Florida Mr. YOUNS.I. The question was taken; and the Chairman announced that the nom appeared to have it. RECORDED WIWI Mr. YOUNG of 191orkia. Mr. Chair- man. I demand a recorded vote. A recorded vote wan ordered.. The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were?ayes 1St noes 237. not voting S. as ftdlowa Mall Pia 40711 AYES?IS? Hammerschmidt Oxley Nensen Perekard Anderson Archer Ammar Bedlam Baker Balemger Hamad Bartlett Barton Batsmen Bennett Bentley Bereuter Beall Binraida Boggs Boater Brooniffekl Hinshaw Bunning Burton Byron Callahan Chandler Chapman Chappell Cheney Clarke Coats Coble Coleman (MO) Combest Courter Craig Dania Dannemeyer Darden Daub de IS Gases Delay DeWine Dickinson DioGuardi Daman (CA) Dreier Edwards (OK) Emerson Erdreich Parnell Fields Flippo Premed Gangly Gallo Garcia Gekais Gingrich Goodling Gradison Grant Gunderson Hall (OR) Halt fTX) Ackerman Altaka, Alexander Andrew& Annunzio Anthony Applegate Aspier Atari* AuCoin Bates Heileman Bilkra Beams Boeblert Boland Honker Boehm Bosski Bosom Bomber Boner Brennen. Brooks Browns (CA) Bruce Enna ILsatert Hatcher Hader (LA) Hefter Hefner Herger Illier Boebbrinekner Hollows; ITopkais Ifoeicabr Renter Radio Hyde Inhofe beimed Jenkins Jones (NC) Jones (TN) Kaden Kane Konnytt Kyl Imensonsino Laermater Latta Leath (TX) Lent Lewin (CA) Lewin (MI Lightfoot Livingston Lloyd Lott Lowery (CA) Lubin Lamm Donald Lungrest Mack MacKay Madigan )ariana. Martin (ILI hfartin (NY) McCandless MeCediunt McEwen McGrath McMillan (NC) Meyers Mica. Michel Miller (OH) Molinari Montgomery Moorhead Morrison (WA) Myers Behan Nichols Ortiz NOES-237 Bryant Bustamante Campbell Camas Carper Carr Clay- Caner Coelho Coleman (TXI Cbllins Conte Comae Conger Chug/din. Corm. Crockett, Delia tlig Davie (MD DePtodo Damns Derrick Dicks Dingell Damn Donnelly Parris Pastimes Pepper Pfekett Pante Porter Qufilem Rennet Ray Regain Rhodes Roberts Rows Rose Roth Roukema Itaminnd MA) Saki Saxton Sehaefer Stasette &hone Senaenbrenner Shaw shinnwar Shuster Snaky Skeen Sitiugliter (VA) Smith OR) Smith (11.1) Smith (TX) Smith, Denny (OR) Smith, Robert (NH) Smith, Robert (OR) 84101111111 Spence Rangeland Stenholn Stump Sundquist Sweeney Swindell Yuan Takylor Thomas (CA) Thanes (GA) Terriceibl Vaiernine Vander Tagt lrecanovich Walker Wititteges Wolf Afortter Wale Young (FL) Dorgan (ND) Dowdy Downey Durbin Dwyer Dynially Dyson Early Edina Edward& (CA) English Espy Enna Fazio Pagftert Fish rokiise Florio Poldietta Rem Ford IMO Peed TB) Frank Fleet. Gaydos Gejelermen rrenles Gibbons Masan Gilman McCloskey Glickman McCurdy Gonzalez McDade Gordon McHugh Grandy MeMilims ORM Gray (IL) Mom Grar CPA) Miller (CA) Green Millar (WA) Gregg Mineta Guerin! idoekbey Hamilton. Mollohan Hawkins Moody Hayes (IL) Morelia Henry Morrison (CT) Hostel Mama Horton Murphy Houghton Murtha. Howard Nagle Hoyer Hatcher Hubbard Rea Hughes Nielson Jambs Eineak Jeffords Oskar Johan= (CT) ?benne Johnson (SD) Obey Jontz Olin Kanforski Owens (NY) Kaptur Panetta Kantemiteler Patterson Kennedy Pane Kennelly Pekin Kildee Pamir Kleczka Perkins Koller Petri Kosininyer Price (IL) Lattice Pries (EC) Lantos, Purnell Leach (IA) Rebell Lehnum (CA) *angel Lehman (FL) Richardson Leland Ridge Levin (Mi) Rinaldo Levine (CA) Ritter Lewis (GA) Robinson Lipinski Rodin? Lowry (WA) Roe Luken. Thomas Rostannwski Manton Rowland (CT) Markey Raybal Martinez Russo Matsui Sabo Biaggi Brown (CO) Crane H 9559 Seism Sawyes Schauer Schneider &Moeda Schumer Sharp Shays Eatonlitt awes, Skelton SlatterY Slaughter (NY) Smith (FL) Smith (FAY &none Soars SPratt St. Germain Staggers Ntidlings Stara Stokes swift alma Tains Teske Torres Towns Traffennt Maxim thisit Wien Vent* Visclosky reamer Wagren Watkins Waxman Weber Weiss Weldon Wheat. Whitten Wilma Wise Wolpe W9den Yates Vation Yuma (AK) NOT vOTING-11 Duncan Gephardt Kamp Owens OJT/ Reentrer titration 0 1420 Mr. WELDON changed his vote from "aye" to "no." So the amendment was rejected. The result of the vote was an- nounced as above recorded. AMENDMENT OFFS/MD BY RMS. Itanglialt Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Chairman, / offer an amendment. The Clerk read as foltows: Amendment offered by Wink ROSKSMA Page 8, after line 13, insert the following new subsection: (d) EXIMPTION FOR SECUSITY Sonnets.? (l) Subject to paragraph (3), this Act shall not prohibit the use of a lie detector test on employees or prospective emirates of a Pri- vate employer whose primary business pur- pose consists of prelidildg anacord ear per- sonnel, personnel enyaged in the design, in- stallation, and maintenance of security alarm ayskems, or other todfonned or plain- clothes security personnel and whose tune- tion includes Protection 01? (A) facilities, materials, or operations having a significant impact on the health or safety of any State or political subdivision thereof, or the national security of the United States, so determined under rules and regulations issued by the Secretary within 80 days after the date of the enact- ment at this 'et, '? Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9560 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 (i) facilities engaged in the production, transmission, or distribution of electric or nuclear power; (ii) public water supply facilities; (iii) shipments or storage of radioactive or other toxic waste materials; and (iv) public transportation; or (B) currency, negotiable securities, pre- cious commodities or instruments, or propri- etary information or property. (2) The exemption provided under para- graph (1) shall not diminish an employer's obligation to comply with? (A) applicable State and local law, and (B) any negotiated collective bargaining agreement, which limit or prohibit the use of lie detec- tor tests on such employees. (3) The exemption provided under this subsection shall not apply if ? (A) the results of an analysis of lie detec- tor charts are used as the sole basis upon which an employee or prospective employee is discharged, dismissed, disciplined in any manner, or denied employment or promo- tion; or (B) the test is administered to an employ- ee or prospective employee who is not or would not be employed to protect facilities, materials, operations, or assets reeferred to in paragraph (1). Mrs. ROTJKEMA (during the read- ing). Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the amendment be con- sidered as read and printed in the RECORD. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentlewoman from New Jersey? There was no objection. Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr, Chairman, I hope that as we consider this amend- ment there will be less heat and more light on the subject. This is the same one which was passed by the House last year and which the gentleman from Montana [Mr. WILLIAMS] accepted last year. He stated then that "it is very necessary ? ? ? to establish symmetry between what we allow in the public sector ? ? ? and what we allow in the private sector." And that it "establishes some symmetry with what the FBI, the CIA, and the National Security Agency are allowed to do." The amendment applies to firms whose primary business is to furnish protective security services for sensi- tive facilities affecting the public health and welfare and valuable items and documents. In other words, pri- vate firms which perform a policing function of protection of certain types of property and facilities would have the same ability to use the polygraph as public police forces. This amendment would include ar- mored car, uniformed and plainclothes guards and security alarm companies. It would allow the administration of polygraphs to those who guard such facilities as nuclear powerplants, public water supplies, and public transportation, such as airports. I cannot overstate the need for airport security. There would be devastating results to the public if just one terror- ist infiltrated such facilities. Let me give you just one example of the need for this amendment. The ar- mored car industry transports, counts and stores over $15 billion per day. The majority of the monetarY losses in the industry-65 percent?result from internal theft. Furthermore, em- ployees in the industry are frequently required to carry guns. Employers nec- essarily have a great concern for inves- tigating those they employ in such sensitive positions, both to protect their customer's property and to pro- tect the public. To address concerns that the exemp- tion not be so broad as to cover low priority security functions, there is an important limitation. The administra- tion of polygraphs is only allowed when employees are engaged in the protection of currency, negotiable se- curities, precious commodities or in- struments, proprietary information, or facilities, materials or operations having a significant impact on our na- tional security or the health or safety of a state or locality. Finally, the amendment contains a safeguard for employees who are tested. They may not be denied em- ployment, discharged, or disciplined solely on the basis of the results of a polygraph test. An employer would have to have additional corroborating information before taking any of these actions. The amendment specifically states that more restrictive state or local law or collective bargaining agreements limiting polygraph use are not pre- empted. In further defining these interests through regulations, I emphasize that the language in the amendment is de- signed to be inclusive and broadly con- strued. Therefore, we do not expect the Secretary in his regulations to limit the exemption to just those fa- cilities listed in the amendment. In ad- dition, the definition of "proprietary information" shall include documents which are essential for the functioning of a business. Finally, the amendment contains a safeguard for employees who are tested. They may not be denied em- ployment, discharged, or disciplined solely on the basis of the results of a polygraph test. An employer would have to have additional corroborating information before taking any of these actions. Even if you believe there is a need for this bill's prohibitions, you must realize that there are certain interests which are so sensitive to both the em- ployer and the public that we must provide special consideration. The sponsors of the bill already recognize that a balancing test between individ- ual interests and the public interest is sometimes needed because exemptions are included for all State, local, and Federal Government employers and for defense and FBI contractors. The private security industry has a similar compelling need for access to the poly- graph. I urge you toaupport this important common sense public safety exemp- tion, as did the House last year. El 1435 Mr. SKELTON. Mt Chairman, I approach the subject?in favor of the original bill and against the substitute?with trepidation. A number of years ago, I had the opportunity to serve as the Lafayette County prosecuting at- torney back home in Missouri, and on several occasions, I was aware of and knew of the administration of polygraph tests to people who were suspected of criminal activity in one form or another. As a result of the experi- ences that I had, there were cases in which the findings were, at best, inconclusive. On two occasions I had good reason to believe that people beat the test. The fact of the matter is these tests are far from reliable and polygraphs are no better than the person who gives them. We are fortunate to have in my home county a sheriff who has served on the force for some 27 years, and I think no one would question his ability. But, compare this gentle- man, Sheriff Gene Damell of Lafayette County, with someone who has had only 6 weeks of training and is a certified polygraph tester and I think that there would be a great deal of difference between the two. In all truthfulness I have some serious prob- lems with this issue, and because of my past experiences, I am driven irresistibly in favor of the bill. Mr. SLA'rELAY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word, and I rise in support of the Roukema amend- ment. Mr. Chairman, we all agree that the polygraph can be and has been abused. There is no question that some people have been wrongfully denied employment or fired on the basis of a faulty polygraph examina- tion. There can be no doubt that this legislation will sharply reduce the use of the polygraph in the workplace. This legislation will not eliminate the use of the polygraph. But, we are deciding where and when the use of the polygraph is justified. The Educa- tion and Labor Committee has already determined that for purposes of na- tional security and law enforcement, some useful information can be gained from polygraph examinations. Private security companies are often hired to fulfill functions of equal im- portance, especially in the area of public safety. The Roukema amendment provides a narrow, well defined exemption from the provisions of H.R. 1212. Only pro- fessional security services could use polygraphs and only for employees who are assigned to protect: Electric or nuclear powerplants; Radioactive or toxic waste; Public water supplies; Public transportation; or Currency, negotiable securities and other precious materials. In these instances, the overriding concern must be for the protection of the public and the preservation of Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE losses of currency or other precious items. The Roukema amendment recog- nizes that the polygraph does not and cannot replace appropriate back- ground checks on prospective employ- ees. The results of a polygraph test could not be used as the sole basis under which an employee or prospec- tive employee is dismissed, disciplined, or denied employment. The polygraph is far from a perfect tool. But, I believe that in a limited number of instances, under the direc- tion of a qualified examiner, the poly- graph can be a useful tool. In this case, I believe that we must put the public safety first. I urge a "yes" vote on the Roukema amend- ment. Mr. SUNDQUIST. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the amendment offered by the gentle- woman from New Jersey [Mrs. Rotrics- ms] to exempt the private security in- dustry from the restrictions placed upon the use of the polygraph in the pending legislation. I think it is important, Mr. Chair- man, as we take up this critical bill, that we have the good sense to make exceptions. I think it is important to recognize that we cannot make broad rules, that we cannot just get the steamroller going and say, "The public be damned." This amendment is necessary to pro- tect the private security industry, and I commend the gentlewoman from New Jersey [Mrs. ROUKEMA] for offer- ing her amendment. It is necessary for consumers of private security, and I think it is critical for the general public safety. Mr. Chairman, Government security agencies, such as the CIA and the FBI, as has been explained previously, have the option to use polygraph tests. Pri- vate security is an extension of Gov- ernment security, and this is true par- ticularly when security personnel pro- tects companies doing contract work for the Government. Mr. Chairman, it is only consistent with current policy that private com- panies be given the same polygraph exemptions as Government security. To do less does not make any sense. The polygraph test is a useful tool. It Is a deterrent, it is a protector. This test, or even better said, the threat of this test effectively deters criminally minded individuals from abusing sensi- tive security positions. This test also protects the innocent, and that is tin- portant to consider. It protects the in- nocent in cases where integrity is ques- tioned. Security exists to protect the safety of the public. The general public is at danger if this amendment does not pass. The Roukema amendment en- sures against terrorist or psychopathic takeovers of vulnerable public installa- tions such as airports and water facili- ties. Each and every one of us is affected by private security. We are affected when we go to a football game, when we go to the airport, when next summer we go to the conventions of the Democratic and the Republican Parties, when we go to the hospital, when we go to the grocery stores, or when we go to banks or any public places, and as has been mentioned pre- viously, we in the House allow the use of the polygraph here at the Capitol. Yet we are going to say to the private sector, "You can't use this same tool while we in the House of Representa- tives allow it to be used for our protec- tion." The largest independently owned se- curity company in America is head- quartered in Memphis?Guardsmark, Inc. Its employees range from security guards at industrial plants to highly sophisticated security experts in- side sensitive industries where there is no room for error. Think for a moment about the damage that could be done. We have read in the papers about prob- lems in recent times. Think for a mo- ment about the damage that could be done by the wrong person doing baggage screening. Think for a moment about the misconduct, as was recently report- ed, among security guards at a nuclear powerplant. If this amendment does not pass, we face that problem. Finally, let us bear in mind that the results from this test cannot be used as the sole factor of an employment decision. In a company that I am familiar with, Mr. Chairman, when they have been doing their interviewing and the prospective employee was given a list of the questions that were to be asked on the polygraph, over 65 percent of the people who were discovered to be guilty of filling out that employment application wrongly admitted to that offense prior to the polygraph test being administered. In other words, almost two-thirds of the people who were not telling the truth admitted prior to the test that they had filled out the application wrongly. Are we going to deprive the private security industry of that tool? Good security can only exist with rigorous standards. I would urge my colleagues to support this amendment to guaran- tee effective security performance by private security companies. Mr. Chairman, I ask the Members to support the amendment to guarantee good security for sensitive businesses and to support it for the safety and welfare of the general public. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words, and I rise in support of the amendment. Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BIAGGI. I am glad to yield to the gentlewoman from New Jersey. Mrs. ROUICEMA. Mr. Chairman, I want to thank the gentleman from New York [Mr. Bisooil for the won- H 9561 derful support he has given to this amendment, both last year in commit- tee and on the floor, and now this year. I appreciate the leadership he has shown on this issue. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentlewoman from New Jersey. She is very kind. I was just about to say that I am very proud to join the distinguished gentlewoman from New Jersey in offering this important amendment to permit certain seg- ments of the private security industry to continue to use the polygraph test. I want to commend Mrs. ROIIKEMA for the effective leadership she has dem- onstrated on this important issue. Mr. Chairman, this is the same amendment that we offered last year on the House floor. It was adopted then by voice vote, and I would sug- gest to my colleagues that it deserves your overwhelming support once again. Simply put, it recognizes the highly sensitive nature of the security industry, while providing a number of carefully crafted and very important labor protections. Let me stress to my colleagues that, as a strong supporter of labor, I would not be endorsing this amendment if it did not protect the rights of labor. As a 23-year police veteran, I believe there are certain very specific situa- tions where the polygraph can and should be used to help prevent crimes, and to detect criminals once a crime has been committed. This is clearly one of those times. This amendment would allow a pri- vate employer to use the polygraph for prehiring and posthiring purposes, but only in those cases where employ- ees would be responsible for high pri- ority security functions. The bill de- fines these jobs as those that have a significant impact on the health or safety of any State or local govern- ment, as well as those jobs that impact on national security. The only other security personnel who would be eligi- ble for the polygraph test under this amendment would be those responsi- ble for protecting public utilities, haz- ardous materials shipments, public transportation, currency, negotiable securities, precious commodities, or proprietary information from terrorist or other criminal threats. I want to emphasize that this amendment does not provide a blanket prohibition for the entire private security industry. It deals strictly with terrorism and other highly dangerous security risks. Noth- ing more. Certainly, a crime in any of these areas could have devastating conse- quences. That is why the private secu- rity industry deserves the same special consideration already given by this bill to Government employers and private contractors dealing with intelligence or counterintelligence with the CIA, NSA, Department of Defense, and the FBI. And, that's why this amendment, unlike some of the others to be of- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 11 9562 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4 1987 fered, is totally consistent with what's already in the bill. Let me offer a perfect illustration of whY tide amendment is so important. In 1983, a member of a Puerto Rican terrorist group robbed a Wells Fargo armored ear depot of $1 second largest theft in U.B. history. Why is that incident so important to today's debate? Became that Puerto Rican terrorist was a Wells Fargo se- curity guard. Unfortunately, he was hired in Connecticut. a State that does not allow polygraph testing. Based on his employment profile, this terrorist was going to make a fine security guard and was entrusted with guard- ing minks* of dollars. Only the poly- graph test could have determined hia true criminal intent. In this case, a group of violent terrorists ended up with $7 million in stolen money to fund death and destruction. Simply put, we need to fight terrorism with all the tools at our disposal, and the polygraph test Is one of those impor- tant tools. As stated previously, the amendment contains, a number of very important labor protections. For example, it would, not preclude existing State and local law, or any negotiated collective- bargaioing agreement, which limit or prohibit the use of Ito detector tests; and it guarantees that the analysis of lie detector charts will not be used as the sole basis for denying employment or promotion. The Department of Labor would be required to ensure that. these provisions are effectively enforced and that the rights of the employee under these provisions are fully protected. H.R. 1213 seeks to prevent employ- ment discrimination based on the irre- sponsible use of the polygraph test by private employers. I hilly support that worthy objective and am an original cosponsor of this bill I know that too much of the private sector does abuse and overuse the polygraph to the det- riment of our Nation's labor force. However, the same carmot be said about the private security services in- dustry. In fact, evidence we heard pre- sented before the Education and Labor Committee has convinced me that the polygraph test is an impor- tant &adenine tool that is selectively and responsibly used by the private se- rarity services 'ministry. Mr. Chairmms, for anyone interested In fighting terrorism and other serious crime, this is a good amendment. For anyone interested hi protecting the rights of labor, this is a good amend- ment. And, for anyone interested in protecting the security interests- of our Nation, as well as the personal safety and property of American citizens, this is a good amendment. I strongly urge its. approval. 1450 Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairmaux I move to strike the requisite number of words. I !tr. Chairman. I want to state that we will get into the same debate that we got into in the past over the fact that some Members believe that this is the save-all of all the probnms of in- dustrif, that by,palygrapbing employ- ees prior to hiring that we are going to weed out the people that would perpe- trate any wrongdoing while in your employ The truth of the matter is, it is not, because it does not take into consider- ation the conditions at the time when that person would perpetrate, for whatever reason. I doubt very much that it would do anything other than allow people to mistier this devise for discrimination. I was Interested in the comments of the gentleman from 'Vermont about being on C-SPAN and getting a call from a person who was a polygrapher for law enforcement, and where the gentleman described taking a number of applicants, screening them down to four that he knew of the myriad of ap- plicants he got that were honest. In my city the individual doing the polygraph, after receiving an educa- tion in PolYgraPhing from one of the finest sehoola back here in the East, used this to discriminate against em- ployees. It was determined after an investiga- tion of his activities as a polygrapher that the applicants that were being denied were those of Hispanic descent, and that was the only basis on which he was using the polygraph for evalu- ating these people coming under those applications. There is a lot of area for abuse, and the one thing that moat be kept in ndnd, when we talk about protecting people's rights, we have to understand that we are trying to protect the em- ployees' right & or people that are ap- plying for Jobs and their rights; and there is no way that anybody can really justifiably make the argument that it is going to protect their rights. They are "debars of the failure factor of this roar.hine and process, and it will not protect the* rights. It gives the ability of the bias. of the po- lygrapher an opportunity to manipu- late a situation to his like or dislike, and for that reason I do not think it should be used for anything more than incident-specific-after a situation has occurred, and only as a part of a total investigation, and where there is some deterndnaticm. some direction they can go with that haveStintion, something they gather from that, so that they might bring to the front the hard evidence that actually deter- mines whether this person is guilty or innocent. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield, Mr. MARTINEZ. I yield to the gen- tleman from Tams. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. I want to bronze what the gentle- man meant. Did the gentleman mean to say that the gentleman would then support an incident-specific exception, se that the polygraph could be used if there was a specific indiddent. because an amendment wag be offered later by the gesstlenian from Wisconsin (Mr. Gwoontooral for incident-specific test- ing? Mr. MARTINEZ. As the gentleman read from the bill earlier, the bill pro- vides for the use only as a part of a total investigation. I supported that portion of the bill and offered that as an intendment in committee which indicates my support for the use in specific Incidents. Mr. BARTLETT. If the gentleman would further yield, because I On trying to clarify for the House, the bill as currently drafted coming out of committee, H.R. Z212, as! read it does not provide for any Use of polygraphs, except by a Government agency, and does not provide for an tnetdent-specif- ic test. I respect the gentleman saying that he would support an incident-specific use. Mr. MARTINEZ. Yes. Mr. BARTLETT. I would comment to the gentleman that. later in the debate, probably way towards the end, the gentleman from Wissonsin GUMIGIRSON1 will have a very specific amendment that. will permit incident- specific testing or postoombryment; and I would commend that Or the gen- tleman from California. Mr. SHAW. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman. I doubt thst I will COMBUIlle my full 5 minutes. The debate seems to be going along the lines of those who are voting against this particular amendment, those speaking against it, those that have voted already. Unfortunat,ely, the ma- jority has voted on the woof side of the amendment of the gentleman from Florida' [Mr. Yeanss], which was a very good amendment. In landing at titbit as to the object of what we are talkie* about., you are looking at the rigida of the employee and what the rights of the employer should be. One cannot look only that far. We have to look to the general public, to the good- of the entire com- munity. We have to look to what are the rights of those that live near an atomic plant to know that those em- ployees who are in charge of the secu- rity of that atomic pima have gone through every bit of screening that they coukt possibly be subjected to. We are talking about when someone entrusts his money to a carrier, that those employees have been screened in every way pcesible. Yea there is going to be abuses. Yea there will be abuses. There rat ease cited for discrimina- tion by the gentlemen from Califbnzia. We cannot legislate to address the worst among as. hat we mint always address the right* Of the safety of ba- dividuals. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9563 In my district office we are protected by private security firms. I want to know that my people working in my office, and my constituents who are coming in, my elderly who are visiting their Social Security offices, which are also in that Federal building, I want to know that they are being protected. This is a most important amend- ment, and I compliment the gentle- woman from New Jersey for having of- fered it. It is very fair and very narrow, and we are not talking about doing great harm to this legislation, even though I feel very strongly that the legislation Itself is ill-advised. Mrs. ROTTKEMA. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. SHAW. I yield to the gentle- woman from New Jersey. Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. The gentleman from Florida has made an excellent point here. The gentleman referred to the fact that this amendment is carefully drawn. The gentleman asked the question, are we going to say we do not want the best possible people properly screened to guard nuclear powerplants? Do we not want properly screened personnel protecting water supplies? Can you believe the deleterious ef- fects of some person getting at a public water supply? That is not beyond one person's imagination. Included also in this amendment are those persons that are involved in the shipment and storage of radioactive or other toxic waste materials. The gentlemen and I know how we have worked so hard on legislation in this Congress to protect the radioac- tive and toxic wastes. We know what emotions break out in communities if there is any hint of a toxic waste prob- lem. Can you imagine what the American public's reaction is going to be to learn that we cannot even give employers the right to use a polygraph as one tool in screening the employees that have responsibility for toxic wastes and radioactive wastes? I thank the gentleman for the gen- tleman's contribution. Mr. SHAW. The gentlewoman from New Jersey is making some wonderful points. The gentlewoman is trying to cor- rect something by this particular amendment. What this bill does in its present form, it does not create rights. We cannot create rights. We can merely redistribute them. Sometimes they need to be redistribut- ed; but in this instance, one is talking about the water supply or an atomic plant, the rights are being taken away from the consumer and the general public, simply to protect the rights which have in very minor instances been abused of the employee. This one is wrong. I hope that the Members of the House will vote yes for the amendment of the gentlewom- an from New Jersey [Mrs. RouxElul. It is a most important amendment. Mr. VALENTINE. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, I do not suppose there is much that I can add to this discussion that would not repeat or, I hope, underscore some of the argu- ments that have been made previous- ly. I rise in strong support of this amendment, Mr. Chairman. 0 1505 I rise to express to my colleagues a grave concern which I have concerning this proposed legislation and a lot of other matters which have come before the U.S. House of Representatives in the 5 years that I have been privileged to serve here. Do we really believe that American business does not understand what we are about, what some elements here are about as we here in this legislation say to them that we do not have enough confidence in you to entrust into your hands an instrumentality, a mechanism, a machine, which is okay for us to use in the Federal Govern- ment? We can use it all we want to. We passed legislation recently which says in no uncertain terms that the U.S. Government is free to use a poly- graph or lie detector in many different sets of circumstances, yet we have elected to say to American business here today that we do not think you gentlemen collectively have got enough sense to use it. We say to the young proprietor or old proprietor of a jewelry store that If he has a handful of diamonds that are missing, you know, you could put him into bankruptcy by the wealth that you could hold in one hand, that this instrumentality which some say is faulty and is an instrument of the devil, he can not use it, but Uncle Sam can use it all he wants to. One final comment. I have great re- spect for all the gentlemen who have testified here and for those who spon- sored this legislation. They are my friends, I hope, but it is strange to me, maybe some of the rest of you under- stand this, but it is strange to me that the sponsors of this legislation could stand up here and tell us what a sorry useless unreliable contraption this is, but say that not only can the Govern- ment use it, but with the legislation that came up for consideration in 1986, and I hold in my hand a copy of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, they ac- cepted, after having cursed this device so vehemently, they accepted an amendment which permitted the use of polygraph examinations for current and prospective employees in the pharmaceutical industry, for example. They accepted the use of polygraph examinations for employees who work as security personnel protecting facili- ties. They accepted an amendment which permitted the use of polygraph examinations for employees at public utilities and they accepted the amend- ment which was voted down by this body a few minutes ago. Now what does all this mean? What are the folks back home looking at me and looking at the rest of us, what are they to make of that? We come here and say that this dastardly contrap- tion, that you can not use it in Ameri- can business, with certain exceptions, but that we in the Government can use it all we want to. I suggest that we ought to give this more serious consideration, Mr. Chair- man. We ought to support this amend- ment and the other amendments which seek to liberalize this legislation and then defeat the legislation and adopt the substitute which gives us some reasonable, meaningful, sensible relief. Mr. Chairman, although It is clear that H.R. 1212 has widespread support. I hope my col- leagues will reconsider their positions on the bill and on the Young-Darden substitute. As I stated last year during House consider- ation of a similar bill, if polygraphs are so un- reliable, so wrong, and if their use violates in- dividual rights, then their use should be made unlawful in all situations and by all citizens. In- stead, H.R. 1212 will exempt large numbers of Government employees as well as certain pri- vate consultants, contractors, and employees of contractors doing business with the Federal Government. So far this year, the House has given over- whelming approval to a randon counterintelli- gence polygraph program at the Department of Defense, and to a similar polygraph pro- gram for diplomatic and embassy security per- sonnel as a part of the State Department au- thorization bill that passed the House unani- mously. If the use of polygraphs is acceptable in these situations, then I believe private in- dustry should be allowed to utilize polygraphs under certain conditions and with strong safe- guards as a security tool. On the other hand, if polygraphs are unreli- able, why should we use them to test those who are entrusted with our most sensitive se- crets? Are they unreliable in detecting shoplift- ing but all right for espionage? I fail to see the logic in our position. The Young-Darden substitute would provide for the use of polygraphs only under carefully regulated conditions, with protection for those taking the tests, and impose standards for test examiners. This is a much fairer approach than the blanket prohibition of H.R. 1212. If the Young-Darden substitute is voted down and H.R. 1212 is passed without ex- empting amendments, then the House will be saying to the American people that it is per- fectly all right, even commendable, for Gov- ernment to use polygraphs but that the private sector must not touch them. Do we really want to administer this slap in the face to the private sector? Think about it. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. BARTLETT asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I rise to speak in favor of this amend- ment. In speaking in favor of the Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9564 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 amendment I want to call to the atten- tion of the House that this is a differ- ent issue and a different amendment than the issues we have been debating all day; that is to say that the gentle- woman from New Jersey has con- structed a very narrow amendment that should have been seceepted by the sponsors of the legislation. Now, there is a fundamental dis- agreement within this body about the need to eliminate the use of the pay- graph as a whole, and we all under- stand that and from the last vote it is apparent that at least a majority so far in the debate would choose to do that and a minority would not choose to do that; but the gentlewoman from New Jersey (Mrs. Rosinereal is offer- ing an amendment that those who favor the bill can and ought to vote for. I have gotten a copy of the amendment and I want to walk through it, describing for the House how narrow this amendment is. The Roukenta amendment would set out to protect the public from some rather serious and dangerous instances of po- tential abuse without permitting any abuse whatsoever of the polygraph of those potential employees. Now, the amendment is narrow. The gentlewoman. has very eTplicitly draft- ed the amendment so that it permits,, or does not prohibit the use of a poly- graph on employees by a private em- ployer only if that private employer is an employer whose business consists of providing armored car personnel, personnel engaged in the design, in- stallation, and maintenance of securi- ty alarm systems, or other uniformed or plainclothes security personnel and whose function includes the direct protection of the public in specific ways, including only?and it is a limit- ed list--including only the health or safety of any State or political subdivi- sion and, if that involves the transmis- sion or distribution of nuclear power or electric power, public water supply facilities, shipments, or storage of ra- dioactive or other toxic waste materi- als, and public transportation. The other possibility is the transmittal or protection of currency- or negotiable securities or precious commodities or instruments. The Roukema amendment?what I am trying to bring to the attention of the House is that it is not unlimited. it is a very narrow amendment that only applies to armored car personnel and security personnel involved in those activities. Further, the Roukema amendment says that the result of that polygraph cannot be used as the sole determi- nant, and further the results cannot be used on an employee unless the em- ployee or prospective employee is em- ployed directly to protect the facili- ties, materials, operetieno, or assets that are set out in the MIL So the Roukema amendment is drafted so carefully, it seems to me, as to elimi- nate all the argtunents that have been used against amendments in the past. It is far more narrow than even the Government exemption that we have in the rest of the bill. Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Chairman, will the gent/emelt yield? Mr. BARTLETT. I yield to the gen- tlewoman from New Jersey. Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman from Texas for his explanation and the stress that he has put quite properly on the defini- tion and the limitations of the amend- ment. I think the corollary of what the gentleman has just mid should also be stressed, which is that there is a pro- tection carefully devised here in this amendment against abuse. The poly- graph cannot under my amendment be used as the sole vehicle or instrument for making a determination on em- ployment, promotion, dismissal, or any other factor pertaining to the appli- cant or the employee, and I think that Is equally important, because one of the arguments that we hear is that we are going to somehow be using poly- graphs as the, sole instnanent to hang the employee or hand the innocent ap- plicant. This is not the case and it is expressly prohibited in my. amend- ment. Mr. BARTLETF. Mr. Chairman, the gentlewoman 13 correct. Mr. WILLIAM& Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. I rise in opposition to the amendment. Mr. Chairman the gentlewoman has attempted to specific/12W draw her amendment. I think she has probably done it as well as it could be done; however, to vote for this, you first have to believe that the gadget works. You first have to accept that there is universal physiological response shared by all hers, that they all per- spire about the same rate, their respi- ration increases when they start lying, all at about the same rate; the heart rate increases by a certain amount. You have to accept that this metal box can pick out the liars from the nonliars, and there is no scientific evi- dence that that is true. Now, specifically with regard to the language that the gentlewoman has drawn, I would say that I do not want my colleagues to misunderstand this amendment. It Is limited to just se- curity guards guarding, for example, nuclear powerplants. In fact, it is not limited to just security guards at all. It also includes the engineer who is working quietly in the laboratory trying to develop a new circuit system to be used for alarm systems or for electronic fences. Those people if they want a job, these engineers, could have to undergo a lie detector test. This amendment is net just limited to eertahr security guards who are guarding airportai. It also includes that electrician who comes by year house to install security 10181111, Nat the dee- trietan is also *chided_ in this amend- ment. If a private company hires a Plain- clothes man to ride era Metro, those plainclothes men to get a job would have to undergo a He detector test; se I say again, it is net limited to security guards. You know, we are starting that part of the process now which I guess we could call the bettehera bakers and candlestick makers, antendreenta. I mean, every hitiostry in the United States, security guards, the electrical Industry, plainclothes people, the day care operators, the =daytime oper- ators, the bankers; the butchers, the bakers and the candlestick makers are all going to come befbre us now with amendments asking that they be ex- empted from this MIL I think it is wrong to. start trying to pick and choose those industries or those individuals that We should give this phony lie detector gadget test to. So I oppose the gentlewoman's amendment and I do so knowing that she made an attempt to craft it care- fully, but (a) the lie detector does not work, and (b) it is not crafted all that carefully. If it only included. if the amendment only included security guards and private police and private protective service people, it would mean that wise than half a. million Americans would be subjected to this gadget for which there Is no scientific evidence that it works. Mr. BARTLE'FT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WILLIAMS Yet; I ala ;goosed to yield to the gentleman from Tema. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr, Chainnatz I thank the gentlemen for yielding. Again, to clarify the amendment. the amendment don not require that ma- one use a polygraph. but only that the Federal law not prohibit the use of the polygraph, just m in the last ansend- rnent I do want to call the gentleman's at- tention to the last paragraph of the amendment on page 2 beginning on line la. It iaa. limiting paragraph. It limits the rest of the amendment, and I will read it very sleadjr. The exemption provided under this sub- section shall not appbrif the test is &Mathis. tered to an employee or Mops:ties employ- ee who is not or would sot be mildewed to protect facilities, materiah, operation.. or assets referred to in paragraph 0.1. So in fact the amendment does not apply to people who are not used to protect those facilities.. It is orgy those employeeg who are engaged in the direct protection of those faciles. The amendment does net cover mere, tarns and gardeners and maintenance workers and peep* ohs raise the flag, as has been previously discussed. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Montana lam expired. (By unanimous esseentt Mr. Wn.- mass was allowed topromed for I. ad- ditional minute.) Mr. WILLIAMIL Ms. Claimant I understand that the gentleman *-pre- cisely correct I would only read to the Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05 : CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05 : CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE gentleman the first paragraph, subsec- tion (d), which indicates that the lie detector teat can be used, quoting from the amendknent now, on employ- ees or prospective employees of a pri- vate empioyer whose, primary business purpose consists of providing armored car personnel, personnel engaged in the design, installation, and mainte- nance of security alarm systems. Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Chairman, will my good friend. the gentleman from Montana, yield? Mr. WILLIAMS. Yes; I am pleased to yield to, the author of the amend- ment, the gentlewoman from New Jersey. 0 /520 Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Chairman, I believe the gentleman from Montana (Mr. Wittints/ should read that first section and that should be understood in conjunction with the exemption provided on page 2, section 3, line 12. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Montana (Mr. Wit- tman) has expired. (On the request of Mrs. Rougutat, and by unanimous consent, Mr. Wri.- Liana was allowed to proceed for 1 ad- _ ditional minute.) Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mx. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WILLIAMS. I yield to the gen- tlewoman from New Jersey. Mrs. ROUKEMA. Section 3 at line 12 on page 2 says. "the exemption pro- vided under this subsection shall not apply," and then are two sections. As the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Barr- urn] has said part 13 is the limiting section. That limits the application to only those personnel that are directly involved. I think the gentleman from Mon- tana (Mr. Wittman' should remember that last year we worked together on the development of this amendment and we had hoped together to reach that kind of an agreement that would be limiting and would be very specific as to its application. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, re- claiming my time, finally I again want to express my and the committee's op- position to this amendment which would be the beginning of opening up this bill, and once the (*ening up of this legislation starts for security guards or electricians or the people who maintain or prepare alarm sys- tems, there will be no stopping. it. I urge my colleagues- to vote "no." The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentle- woman from New Jersey (Mrs. Ronne- eta The question was taken; and the Chairman armennced that the ayes appeared to have it Itilettldelli yore Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I demand a recorded vote. A recorded vote was ordered. The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were?ayes 210, noes 209, not voting 14, as follows: Ma NO. 4081 AYES-210) Anderson Hangar Pastrami) Andrews, Hastert Petri Archer Hatcher Pickett Armee Heyes (LA) Pickle Sadism Heller Poster Baker Hefner Price MCI, Ballenger Herter Quillen Barnard liner Ravenel Bartlett Holloway Rai' Barton Henke Remelt Batman Horton Rhodes Bennett Houghton: Richardson Bentley thickabY Ritter Bereuter Mobs, Roberts Bilitakis Hester Roe Bliley Hutto Rogers Boater Hyde Rose Bromfield Inhofe Roth Butehner /rebind Roultem lamming Jenkins Rowland 00n) Burton, Jones (NC) Saki Byron Jones (110 Saxton Callahan Kase)) Schaefer Cardin Kolbe Schemer Chandler Romeo fielmette Chapman Kyl Schulze Chappell Lagontarsino Sensenbrenner Cheney leacaster Shaw Clarke Latta Shammy Coats Lent Shyster Coble Lewis (CA) Sialsky Coleman (MO) Lewis (FL) Skeen Combest Lightfoot Waiter)' Counter Livingston Shearkter (NY) Craig Lloyd Slaughter (VA) Dimiel Lott Smith (NE) Dammeyer Lowery (CA) Smith (1%7) Darden Lilian Shunt (TX) Daub Laken, Thomas Smith. Denny de la Garza Luken'. Donald. (OR) Delay Lungren Smith Robert DeWine Mack (NH) DiCkillfell Madigan Sinitla Robert DloGuardi Marlenee (0111 Dornan (CA) Martin (IL) Snow. Dreier Martin (NY) Solomon Edwards (OK) Marron Spence Eniereon McCandless Spratt English McCollum Staageland Erdreich areCtudy Stenholln Finsell McDade. Stump Melds ?damn Sondquiat Fish McGrath Sweeney MP? McMillan (NC) Brendan Mellen. Meyers . Tauzin Ford (TN) Mks Taylor Frenzel Mickel T1101'108 (CA) GalleglY Miller (OH) Thomas (GA) Gallo Molinari Torricent Gekaa Montgomery Unten Onllrick Moorhead Valentine Goodling Morrison (WA) Vander Jagt Madison Murphy Vucanovich Grant Myers, Whiker Green Nelson Weber Gregg Nichols Weldon Gunderson Nielson Whittaker Hall (OH) Ortiz Wolf Hail (TX) Oxley Wortley Hamilton Packard Wylie Hammerschnildt Parris Young (FL) NOES-209 Ackerman Brennan Derrick Allaka Brooks Darks Alexander Brace Dingell Annunzio Bryant Dixon Anthony Bustamante Donnelly ApPlegete Campbell Dorgan (ND) Aspin Caner Dowdy Atkin' Carr Dwane, AuCoin Clay Durbin Bates Clinger Dwyer Belenson Coelho Dymoily Hennas Coleman (TX) Dyson Bevill Conine FAFIY Bilbray Conte Eckert Boatilert Conyers Edwards (CA) Boma Cooper ROW Boland Coughlin Nam Bonior Coyne Faseell Thinker Crockett Patio Bonk) DaviallL) Pen Boom Davb (M1) Flake Boucher DePazio Florio Boxer Dellums Foley Ford (MI) Frank Frost Garcia Gardos OeMensos Gibbons Gilman Glickman Gonsales Gordon Grandy Gray (IL) Gray (PA) Guarini Harris Hawkins Hayes (IL) Henry Hertel Floehbrueckner Hoyer Hubbard Jacobs Jenard,' Johnson (CT) Johnson (SD) Jontz Kaniorakf Xasteruneler Kennedy Kennedy- Kildee Kleezka Kolter Kostmayer LaPaice Lantos Lomb (IA) Lehman. (CA) Lehman (FL) Leland Levin (MI) Levine (CA) Lewis (GA) Lipinski Lowry (WA) Biaggi Brown (CA) Brown (CO) Crane Duncan H 9565 MacKay Sabo Manton Savage Markey Sawyer Martinez Schneider Mated Schroeder Mavroules' Schumer McCloskey Sharp McHugh Shays MeatillettlID) Sikorski Mums Skaggs Miner (CA) Skelton. Miller (WA) Smith (FL) MosideY Smith (IA) Molloitan &lam Reidy et Germain Morella Nollggirs Merinos (CT) Shanings Mrasek Stark Murtha Stokes Nagle Studds Stitcher SWirt Neal Synar Nowak Tallen Dakar Tauke Oberater Torres Obey Towns Olin Teat leant Owens (NY) Traxler Panetta Udall Patterson Went(' Pease Viscloaky Pelee Vollmer Penne Walgren Penner Watkins. Perkins Waxman Price (IL) Weiss Pitmen Wheat Rahail Whitten Rama Ridge Witmer Miele" Who Robinson Wolpe Rodin? Wyden Rostenkowski Yates Rowland (CT) Ystron Roybal Young (AK) Russo NOT VOTING-14 Gephardt Athlete Haunt Owens (1.1T) Kaptur Roemer Kemp Stratton Leath (TX) 0 1530 The Clerk announced the following pair: On this vote: Mr. Brown of Colorado foe, with Ma Kaigur against. Messrs. DERRICK, MOR.RISON of Connecticut., AtCOIN, HAYES of Illi- nois, and PANETTA changed their votes from "aye- to "no." Messrs. ANDREWS, MOORHE(D, BE LA GARZA, and FLIPPO changed their votes from "no" to "aye." So the amendment was agreed to. The result of the vote was an- nounced as above recorded. AMENDSZI4T OFFERED ST INISS..ROSKEELA Mrs. ROLIKEMA. Mr. Chairman. I offer an amendment. TheClerk read as follows: Amendment offered by Mn. RORKE/NA: Page a, after line 13, insert the foltowing new aubsectIon: (d) Exsairrion roe Psazassix RIIIRLATED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIOND?(1) Subject to paragraph (3), this Act shall not prohibit the use of a lie detector test on employees or prospective employees of a financial insti- tution (as defined in section 7(4)). (7) The exemption provided under pars- graph (1) shall not diminish an employer's obligation to comply with? (A) applicable State and local law, and Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9566 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 (B) any negotiated collective bargaining agreement, which limit or prohibit the use of lie detector tests on such employees. (3) The exemption provided under this subsection shall not apply if the results of an analysis of lie detector charts are used as the sole basis upon which an employee or prospective employee is discharged, dis- missed, disciplined in any manner, or denied employment or promotion. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prohibit the temporary reassignment of any employ- ee for such period as is necessary for a speedy and thorough investigation concern- ing potential criminal activity which in- volves the operations of the employer. Page 9, line 2, strike "and". Page 9, line 5, strike the period at the end of such line and insert "; and". Page 9, after line 5, add the following new paragraph: (4) the term "financial institution" means? (A) an insured bank, as defined in section 3(h) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(h)); (B) an insured institution, as defined in section 408(aX1) of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1730a(aX1)); (Cita insured credit union, as defined in section 101(7) of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752(7)); or (D) an exchange, broker, dealer, invest- ment company, securities information proc- essor, clearing agency, municipal securities broker, municipal securities dealer, govern- ment securities broker, or government secu- rities dealer, as such terms are defined in section 3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)), or an exchange member subject to section 15(e) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 78o(e)). Mrs. ROUICEMA (during the read- ing). Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the amendment be con- sidered as read and printed in the RECORD. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentlewoman from New Jersey? There was no objection. Mrs. ROUICEMA. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment to exempt feder- ally insured or federally regulated fi- nancial institutions from the bill's ban on the use of polygraphs. This amend- ment has the same logic and common- sense as the previous exemptions. As you know, last year the House very nearly passed an exemption for financial institutions. The amendment failed because some felt it was too broad?it included pawnbrokers, tele- graph companies, and travel agencies. I recognize these Members concern with confining any such exemption to those institutions which truly have a compelling need for retaining the use of the polygraph. Therefore, I empha- size that I have carefully drafted my amendment to apply only to federally Insured banks and financial institu- tions and stock exchanges and invest- ment companies regulated pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act. American financial institutions handle an enormous amount of cash and securities every day, with many employees?from the lowest clerk to the highest executive?having access to these funds. Unfortunately, losses from internal fraud and embezzlement are enormous. According to the FBI, over $1.1 billion was lost by banks, sav- ings and loans, and credit unions last year. The sad fact Is that over 80 per- cent of these losses have been attrib- uted to employee theft. Employees, in fact, are responsible for greater losses than all robberies, burglaries, and lar- cenies combined. What's worse, these losses have greatly increased in the last few years. In 1981, the losses to- taled less than $200 million; by 1986, they shot up to over a billion dollars. With such an alarming trend taking place, it would be totally irresponsible for us to prohibit the use of a tool which helps detect embezzlers, par- ticularly when you realize that today's computerized operations make it possi- ble to divert millions of dollars in an Instant if the confidentiality of com- puter codes is compromised. These are the exact reasons why fi- nancial institutions are highly regulat- ed by the Federal Government. Let me give you some examples of the exten- sive regulation. The Bank Protection Act of 1968 re- quires the establishment of compre- hensive security programs. The Federal Deposit Insurance Act prohibits federally insured banks from employing anyone convicted of "any criminal offense involving dishonesty or a breach of trust" without first ob- taining the written approval of the FDIC. SEC regulations require fingerprint- ing of securities industry personnel to help identify people with criminal records. Other Federal laws and regulations require the investigation of suspected thefts, embezzlements, unexplained shortages of funds, and so forth. Find- ings must be reported to the Federal Reserve, Comptroller of the Currency, or FDIC. Reports must also be made to the FBI and other law enforcement agencies. I ask you: How can the Federal Gov- ernment on the one hand place such stringent duties and requirements on financial institutions, and on the other hand prohibit the use of one of the methods of carrying out these require- ments? For these reasons the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commis- sion has written a letter of support for this amendment. For these reasons the Chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corpo- ration has written a letter of support for this amendment. I know many of you are concerned about the validity of polygraph exams. You are reluctant to exempt specific industries because of the basic ques- tion of whether or not polygraphs are valid indicators of honesty. I point out, however, that often in the law we use a balancing test. We recognize that the need for something is so great that we use the best helpful means at our disposal, even though it may not be perfect. Such a balancing test has al- ready been recognized by the sponsors of this bill because exemptions have been included for all State, local, and Federal Government employers and for defense and FBI contractors. Fi- nancial institutions similarly have a compelling need to use the polygraph in certain situations. With the events occurring in the stock market in the last few weeks, this is no time to enact any laws which could raise the least doubts about the securities industry or other financial institutions. I urge your support. 0 1545 ? Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word, and I rise in support of the amendment. (Mr. WYLIE asked and was given permission to revise and extend this remarks.) Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Chairman, I am glad to rise in support of the amend- ment offered by my colleague from New Jersey, Mrs. ROZIKEK4. This amendment which would exempt fi- nancial institutions from H.R. 1212's ban on the use of polygraph tests is an appropriate measure to protect the in- tegrity of savings, lending, and trading Institutions that are at the heart of our economy. Through membership on the Bank- ing Committee I have learned that em- ployees of banks and other securities houses handle enormous amounts of cash and other valuable he= each day and that there an many postdbili- ties for fraud, embezzlement and theft. Just a few statistics show the Scope of the problem. The FBI estimates that banks, sav- ings and loan, and credit unions lost more than $1.1 billion in 1986 through employee losses from banks, savings and loan, and credit unions. Losses at- tributable to employees are greater than losses caused by robberies, bur- glaries, and larcenies. In fact, the dif- ference is overwhelming. Over 80 per- cent of the losses that these financial Institutions suffered were the result of employee theft. As the gentleman from Kansas men- tioned a little earlier, we are deciding here where and when the polygraph test is appropriate. The ability to use all available screening and investiga- tive tools is critical to maintaining se- curity at financial institutions. As Mrs. ROIIICZELA mentioned a little earlier, both the Chairman of the FDIC, Mr. Seidman and the Chairman of the SEC, Mr. Ruder, have recog- nized the importance of employee theft and have stated their support for an exemption that would allow finan- cial institutions to use the polygraph. We considered and almost passed a similar amendment last year. The problem with the amendment that was offered last year was that it was too broad; it would have granted exemp- tions to travel agents and pawn bro- kers among others. These businesses are not federally insured and they are Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Noveneber 4,1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? HOUSE H 9567 not federally regulated like banks and other savings Institutions. This amendment is much more care- fully drawn, and narrowly drafted. There is a Federal nexus here. The amendment covers only financial insti- tutions insured under Federal law or regulated under the Securities and Ex- change Act I was once a prosecuting attorney myself and I can tell you that a poly- graph test can be useful in helping solve crime. I believe that use of the polygraph test can be art important and proper security measure and can be used as an ounce of prevention in these cases. So I enthusiastically sup- port the amendment and urge an "aye" vote on the amendment. Mr. BARNARD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WYLIE. I yield to the gentle- man from Georgia. Mr. BARNARD. I thank the gentle- man for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the amendment offered by my col- league from New Jersey allowing fi- nancial institutions to continue to uti- lize polygraph examinations as one tool in their continued fight against white collar crime, crime which all too often pieces a heavy burden on the safety and soundness of our Nation's financial institutions when they can least afford it. Since 1984, the subcommittee which chair has held extensive hearings on friskier abuse and crimirml misconduct in financial institutions and found that losses from fraud and other crimi- nal activities have amounted to bil- lions of dollars. Many of these losses occur at smaller institutions which are the least able to afford them and which can suffer the greatest impact. In 1996, over one-third of the 138 bank failures that ?mired were due to fraud and embezzlement, according to FB/ statistics. These losses occur at the upper management levels and are not by any means confined to lower echelon employees. Polygraphs are needed for all levels of employment in the financial services industry. In many of the fraud cases, a polygmpyh exam would have indicated the need for further research of a person's background. The Roukema amendment is nar- rowly drawn and consistent with the exemptions already included in the bill for various governmental agencies and private companies that are nation- al security contractors. No industry has a higher fiduciary responsibility than our federally insured financial institutions. 1 urge my colleagues to support the amendment and the avail- ability of polygraphs as one arrow in the quiver of defenses against criminal misconduct in our financial services in- dustry. Mr. WYLIE. I thank the gentleman for his contribution. Financial institutions do occupy a very special place in our economy. Banks do have the responsibility to maintain appropriate security and I think this very carefully, well-drawn amendment will help them with that charge. Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- ance of my time. Mr. McCANDLESS. Mr. Chairman, move to strike the requisite ntnnber of words and I rise in support of the amendment Mr. Chairman, as a member of the Banking Committee, I support the gentlewoman from New Jersey's im- portant amendment to create an ex- emption for financial institutions such as banks, savings and loan, and the se- curity industry. I rise in support of this measure because the financial in- stitutions. protected by the amend- ment are a distinct part of our econo- my. Deposits at banks, savings and loan, and credit unions are insured by the Federal Government. Losses at these institutions are therefore costly to the Federal Government. That is why the Government imposes: security require- ments an savings institutions. The se- curity requirements are strict and ex- acting. To comply with Federal regula- tions, a great many savings institu- tions use the polygraph as one impor- tant element in their overall security Program. Similarly, the securities Industry is heavily regulated by the Federal Gov- ernment For instance, securities firms are prohibited from hiring anyone who has a felony conviction. There- fore, securities firms find that the polygraph is a useful tool in complying With Federal Law. In light of the Federal regulatory re- quirements on financial institutions, it Is particularly noteworthy that the heads of the principal regulatory agencies, the FDIC and the SEC, have written to the Members of the House expressing their support for the Rou- kema amendment to exempt financial institutions from H.R. 1212. In the final analysis, for the Govern- ment to require security programs at financial institutions, and then take away those institutions' ability to use a vital security tool would be nonsensi- eal. For this reason, I strongly support the amendment under consideration, and I urge you to join me. Mr. MILLER of Washington. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requi- site number of worth. (Mr. MILLER of Washington asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. MILLER of Washington. Mr. Chairman, as a cosponsor of H.R. 1212,1 hope that we do not amend this bill to death. Let us remember the polygraph ma- chine does not measure mendacity, it measures stress. The wikgy misnamed lie detector cannot detect lies or for that matter the truth. Yet there are those who argue that the jobs, reputa- tions, and integrity of thousands of truthful Americans workers should depend on the outcome of these stress tests. Mr. Chairman, courts of law in this country protect ethanol defendants from taking these tests. Yet there are those who would compel thousands of law abiding American workers to submit to these discredfted proceed- ings. Finally, Mr. Chairman, every Ameri- can enjoys constitutional protection from self-incrimination and arbitrary searches and seizures devoid of proba- ble cause. Yet there are those who would play with this most basic consti- tutional right to privacy in order to use a pseudo technology only slightly more accurate in assessing truth than a Ouija board. I urge my colleagues to support the passage of H.R. 1212. Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, this entire discussion today strikes me as pretty ludicrous. The question is: Do polygraphs, do lie detectors work or not? They do not work. I was an attorney in the real world for a period of time. Some people here have had that sane experience. I was a criminal attorney.! had people who dealt with things like murder, arson, drum kidnaping; you name it, at one time or another I prob- ably either defended or prosecuted them in some fashion or another. The question became time and time again what happened if they took the lie detector test? Let me tell you, the people that took the lie detector test, those guys, those people were smooth, they were able to stand there with steel nerves and lie, control their breathing. They got through the thing. Time and time again I would see the police drop the case on the outcome of what happened with that lie detector test and then they would come back later and say, "Yeah, I did It.'? 0 1605 What we are talking about with this entire exercise is a stress test. We are talking about whether or not you can handle that stress test or not. We are not talking about a Me detector test. That is a misnomer. So this entire ex- ercise we are going through today is Just a complete exercise in futility. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle- man from Wisconsin. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate my good friend, the gentle- man from Kentucky, yielding to me. Mr. Chairman, I am just curious about this. If the lie detector never works, why did the gentleman vote in the majority when we created a per- manent polygraph program for nation- al defense agencies? Mr. PERKINS. I take no issue at all with that, and quite frankly, if I voted Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9568 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 that way, I made a big mistake. I will stand here and tell that to the gentle- man. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield again? Mr. PERKINS. I will yield further to the gentleman, and I hope the gen- tleman extends the same courtesy to me when my time expires. Mr. GUNDERSON. I will get more time for the gentleman. Mr. PERKINS. All right. Mr. GUNDERSON. Why did the gentleman on June 16 of this year vote with the majority again when an amendment Was offered by the gentle- man from Florida [Mr. Mica] dealing with the Department of State authori- zation bill to allow the use of the poly- graph and other means of investiga- tion for embassy and diplomatic secu- rity? If this machine is so bad, why did the gentleman vote for that? Anybody can make a mistake once, but twice the gentleman voted for it. Why? Mr. PERKINS. Let me tell the gen- tleman that the machine does not work. Mr. GUNDERSON. But I ask, why? Mr. PERKINS The gentleman can read idiosyncrasies in my record, and I can say that I make mistakes. But the fact of the matter is that the machine does not work. Consistently, when you look and see the results of the tests, you will find the machine does not work. I saw these clients who would come in and literally stand there and tell me they committed the crime, and the police just did not even bother to con- tinue afterwards with the investiga- tions, after they got off, because the police relied on this test. This test is an excuse for laziness. It is an excuse for not investigating and not paying any attention to the results and really do some more investigation. This entire series of amendments, in my opinion is a farce. The bill is an ex- cellent bill because it says this is a farce. We cannot allow this as a divin- ing rod, and that is what we are talk- ing bout, a divining rod. That is the entire situation. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. PERKINS. I am pleased to yield to the gentleman from California. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, what I hear the gentleman saying is so evident, if we would really listen to what we have all said. Nobody has said that this machine is a perfect machine other than in measuring nerves and stress. The problem is that there is that human factor the gentleman is talking about. The gentleman made a mistake in the way he voted, and he admits it, but the polygrapher never admits when he makes a mistake because he always says the machine said so and the machine is a perfect tool because the machine is infallible. But where the machine may not be infallible in its readings, he is infallible because he Is trained to read the results of that, and most polygraphers do not have either the training or the background in psychiatry or anything else to un- derstand the emotions of the person they are testing. This country does not have stand- ards for polygraphers, and the Darden amendment would not create those kinds of standards that require poly- graphers to be trained or educated and have the background to do that kind of a job that needs to be done in evalu- ating what that person is going through under the polygraph. So where you and I are human and make mistakes and we can admit it, the polygrapher, because he depends on that machine, does not do it; is that not right? Mr. PERKINS. I am sure that I agree with my colleague. Mr. Chairman, I would like to say this in closing because I realize a lot of Members want to continue in this ex- ercise in futility. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Kentucky (Mr. PER- KIN:0 has expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. Pea- KINS was allowed to proceed for 2 addi- tional minutes.) Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Chairman, this is, as I say, an exercise in futility. If we want to impinge on the American public with a divining rod and go in and try to take away constitutional rights based on the flip of a coin, we can go ahead and do it. We have the ability to do it by passing these amendments here today. But if we want to use legitimate in- vestigation techniques, we could get out and do some hard work, we could get out and find some good evidence as to whether or not this person should be hired in a particular industry or not and find some good evidence as to whether this person is an individual we would want working for us or not. Let us not rely on the flip of a coin. The machine does not work, and it is not admitted in any criminal court in this country. It is ridiculous. I ask the Members to vote against all these amendments. Let us pass the bill and give the American people some protec- tion here. That is what we need. Mr. McCOLLUM. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words, and I rise in support of the amendment. (Mr. McCOLLUM asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. McCOLLUM. Mr. Chairman, I have listened to a lot of this debate and participated in part of it this afternoon, and I do not think any of us who advocate some exceptions to this bill believe that the polygraph is a perfect machine. We do not believe that the system is going to be error- less, and we do not think the way it is conducted in the cases around the country today is always right. But the fact is that it is, by the testimony of those who are experts in this?at least a good number of them that I have read?something that, 80 percent of the time, 90 or 70 percent of the time, is right and is accurate, and if you do have a good polygraph test giver, a polygraph machine expert, you can produce results for screening and pre- screening of employment applications that will aid, not give a definitive answer but aid the person making em- ployment decisions in making that de- cision. I think the question is not one of whether or not we totally do away with the polygraph examination, but what areas do we limit it to. That is what this legislation is all about. What restrictions do we place on it? What areas do we Mint it to? It was already decided when this bill came forward that the Defense De- partment and the national security areas of our country were still going to be able to use this machine. I think if this body had determined that this machine was obsolutely not valuable in any way, we would not have even agreed to that. Though some do not agree with it and there are isolated in- stances of those speaking today who do not think We ought to have it at all, I think the body has made that deci- sion. The body has also, I think, decid- ed that there are other eXceptions. We just did one a few minutes ago. It was a close vote, but it was some- thing we decided in the last Congress and we decided it this time, that in the case of security guards and armored personnel guards, those who carry money and are involved in guarding private businesses, we ought to screen those applicants or at least allow the polygraph to be used by those who screen applicants and make employ- ment decisions. So the issue here is on the amend- ment offered by the gentlewoman from New Jersey (Mrs. Rouxicaud as to whether or not we should give this same exemption that we just gave to the security guards to the banks, the savings and loans, the credit unions, and some security industry folks. That is a question of judgment, a question of balance and reasonableness on whether or not we want to make this particular exception. It is not a ques- tion of whether the polygraph works or does not work. It is not a question either of whether or not somebody is harassed or whether there can be abuse, because indeed there can be, and there ought to be restrictions and limitations and guidelines, maybe more than those that are here. Many of us have argued for those, The ques- tion, though, now that we ought to ad- dress ourselves, it seems to me, is, should we grant this exemption to the banking community, to the financial services community, as narrowly de- fined? I offered an amendment similar to this a Congress ago. It was broader. It was defeated by about 10 votes. It seems to me the complaints made by a few Members about that ought to Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9569 bring them aboard, and we ought to pass this amendment. The fact is that the money that we are concerned about being embezzled or taken away by the push of a button in this electronic world of banking today is not the banks' money. It is my money, it is your money, it is the money of the constituents of every Member of this body. We are the people and our constituents are the people who deposit our funds in the banks of this country, in the savings and loans, in the credit unions, and with the securities industry people, and we are the ones as a whole, the whole public, that have to be worried that somebody is going to go out and take this money by the push of a button somewhere. I submit to my colleagues that we have a paramount fidicuiary duty in this case as Congressmen and Con- gresswoman to pass this exception to allow this tool to be one more of a number used by those in employment, making decisions in the financial serv- ices area so they can have the oppor- tunity of making better decisions on which 10 out of 100 people who apply for a banking job are going to be hired. This will not necessarily be the deciding criteria, but it ought to be a tool available if we are going to get some of this fraud out of the industry. Let me make one other point. In the banking world today, unfortunately, there is another great abuse that some employees take of our money system, and we all too well know about this if we think about if for a minute. That is in the area of drug trafficking and money laundering. We passed a major drug trafficking bill last year, trying to get at that tremendous problem for our citizenry. As part of that, we passed a bill dealing with the new crime of money laundering. That cannot possibly be enforced or it cannot work if we do not have a system of screening out the people in the financial services institutions who might be prone to be involved in the shady transactions that are involved in the process of hiding their sources of crime and money dealing in drugs. I submit to my colleagues, if we really want to fight drug trafficking, we have got to get at it in a number of ways, and one of the key ways is to stop money laundering. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Florida [Mr. McCot- Luml has expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. McCot- tuat was allowed to proceed by 2 addi- tional minutes.) Mr. McCOLLUM. Mr. Chairman, if we are going to be effective in fighting the war on drugs, it requires that we have at our disposal not only the law on the books to make something a crime but the ability on the part of those who are managing our financial institutions to screen out those who might become employees who would push those computer buttons around to aid and abet the criminal element who would like to pass millions of dol- lars through our institutions in vari- ous ways, although we have now passed laws saying that they should not. In other words, we are not going to catch all those people simply be- cause we have a law on the books. We have got to have honest people at the teller window, we have got to have honest people dealing with the funds, and its seems to me it makes no sense to pass a bill like this one and pass an exception to it that says the guard who , is transporting the money be- tween two banks is going to be exempt, or the employer of that guard Is exempt, but the teller or the person at the computer desk or the computer station may not be someone the em- ployer has screened as well. That makes no sense to me at all if we are going to protect the financial interests of our citizenry. Mrs. ROUICEMA. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. McCOLLUM. I am glad to yield to my colleague, the gentlewoman from New Jersey. Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. I wanted to commend the gentleman from Florida [Mr. McCouum), a dis- tinguished member of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Af- fairs, and one who worked very hard on this amendment last year. The gentleman alluded to a point that should be stressed for the Mem- bers, and it is a compelling reason for passing this amendment. The gentle- man alluded to the fact that we are talking about banks that have federal- ly insured deposits. This is full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, and ultimately it may actually back up to the taxpayers. This is a compelling reason why this is a legitimate inclusion in this bill. Second, the Security Exchange Act controls here. We have highly regulat- ed institutions, and they should be under the provisions of this act and should be given all the tools they need. Mr. McCOLLUM. The gentlewom- an's amendment to exclude certain banks, financial institutions, certain securities outfits needs to be passed, if we are going to have a truly fair bill to protect the interests of the American deposit holder in our banking institu- tions. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. I doubt very much that the banking Institution is going to change its way of doing business or reduce any of its losses that take place because of poly- graphing employees. The banking institution has ade- quate measures now to screen employ- ees, test employees for employment there. I have had family members who have worked for the banks, and I have some familiarity with their procedures for hiring. I do not think they really need the polygraph. It will not do any- thing for them. The kind of abuse that the gentle- man from Florida is concerned about is taking place at a higher level, and where those people are able to make a decision whether they would use poly- graphs on that level of employee or not, and I doubt very much if they would, if they are going to be nefari- ous about their business operations and contemplate anything that would be illegal. That is a moot point. It gets back down to the basic thing we have been arguing. Is there enough margin of error in the procedure that it merits penalizing people in applying for employment, and does it merit in- vading people's rights? Does it merit violating civil rights, people having to prove themselves in- nocent when they have not been ac- cused of a crime, and all of the things we have argued, and we are beginning to get redundant on? I urge the Members to oppose the amendment. Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. PARRIS asked and was even permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I want to take this time to congratulate the gentlewoman from New Jersey on her amendment. It is very carefully drawn and is an important improvement and a contri- bution to this legislation. Let me quickly reiterate that this measure would exempt federally in- sured banks, credit unions, and securi- ties firms regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission from this legislation. It does not preempt local or State law on the use of these kinds of tests, and cannot be used as the sole basis for an employment decision; but it is and should be an important tool in that process. Let me ask the Members to use a little common sense here. The famous bank robber, Willie Sutton, when asked, why do you rob banks? An- swered: "Because that is where the money is." Where do you suppose the money is In our society? Where do you suppose the people that are inclined to steal money from an institution will find it? In an insured bank or other financial institution in this Nation is where. They have the opportunity to make enormous impacts on not just the system itself but on individual deposi- tors financial assets, so I suggest to the Members, what more logical place to use a lie detector test than in an in- stitution where there are huge amounts of cash laying around all over the place, with an opportunity for a person criminally inclined to take ad- vantage of that fact. They do not make nuts and bolts in banks. They deal with money, and Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9570 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 they ought to be able to use polygraph tests to determine whether or not as an element of an employment deci- sion, this or that applicant for employ- ment is the kind of person that ought to be given the opportunity to be in that environment, and to be exposed to that situation. I would simply emphasize for this in- dustry particularly, this exemption is a very good idea. It deserves our sup- port. I hope the Members will support it. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, are we all in favor of honest bank and financial institution employees? Of course, we are. The question before the Members is, how do we achieve that. I do not think we achieve it by making it convenient and quick for the banks to hire people, and financial institutions to hire people without going through a good personnel security check. Why does American businesses want to use the lie detector? It cannot be because the scientific evidence is there that it works, because it is not. It is be- cause it is convenient. It is easier to use the lie detector than it is to raise the wage, minimum wage, or create a good personnel de- partment to really do a good personnel check on the bank tellers. Lie-detector gadgets are not going to improve security fraud and bank theft, because we have them now in the United States. The banks use them now, and the banks tell us, some of them at least, that they are hemorrhaging because of illegal acts of some of their employ- ees. This is when they use the lie-detec- tor gadget. It does not work. Maybe the banks are just looking in the wrong place. Our Department of Justice indicates they are. The research arm of the De- partment of Justice called the Nation- al Institute of Justice estimates that here is the reason there is a hemor- rhage from banks and other financial Institutions in the United States, be- cause of security fraud, corporate kick- back, and insurance fraud estimated by the Department of Justice to be three times the loss than is employee pilferage. Corporatekickbacks, insurance fraud, securities fraud being conduct- ed not by bank tellers, the people that are going to have to take these tests, but being conducted illegally by the captains of this industry. That is our problem on Wall Street. That is our problem in the financial Institutions of this country; and while the gentlewoman's amendment allows the presidents of these financial insti- tutions to be strapped in and the box plugged in, how many of the Members believe that they are going to be strapped in? How many? How- many people does this amendment include? The best estimates I can get say that it includes a lot more than we might originally anticipate. I am told by folks over at the Con- gressional Research Service who tried to count it for me, that if this amend- ment passes, it is going to include 3,152,000's of people who could be made susceptible to this gadget. Does it affect credit unions? Sure. When we get off the subway down here, we are liable to go past a long line of our employees in the Wright Patman Federal Credit Union who are lining up to take the lie detector test, sure, because they are going to be sub- jected to this, and so are people who are called securities information proc- essors. I did not know what security infor- mation processors were, so I checked the law. A securities information processor means any person engaged in the busi- ness of, first, collecting, processing, or preparing for distribution or publica- tion, or assisting, participating in or coordinating the distribution or publi- cation of information with respect to transactions in or quotation!! from any security, or distributing or publishing, whether by means of tickertape or any other communications network on a current and continuing basis, informa- tion with respect to such transaction or quotations. Probably most of the Members lis- tening to that are, as I am, somewhat confused by what it means; but it obvi- ously includes thousands of people who are involved in the distribution of or publication of information about quotations or securities. The amendment also covers clearing agencies. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Montana [Mr. WIL- LIAMS] has expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. Wit- tuals"was allowed to proceed for 2 ad- ditional minutes.) Mr. WILLIAMS. When you check to see what clearing agencies are, clear- ing agencies mean any person who acts as an intermediary in making pay- ments or deliveries or both in connec- tion with transactions in securities or who provides facilities for comparison of the data respecting the terms of set- tlement of securities transactions, and it goes on. The point is that you can drive the financial community of the United States through the loophole being cre- ated by this bill. Again, do we want honesty in the fi- nancial institutions of the United States? Yes. Are we going to get it with this outdated, timeworn, unscien- tific device called a lie detector gadget? No. That is not how we are going to get it, and I urge the Mem- bers to oppose this amendment. Mr. GUNDERt3ON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. GUNDERSON asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, listening to the gentleman from Mon- tana, the next thing we are going to do Is outlaw in this country any kind of a preemployment interview, because they are unscientific. The gentlewoman from New Jersey Is suggesting here that a polygraph cannot be the sole determinant of whether you hire someone or whether you do not hire them. That is very clear. I would suggest that, if anything, this is going to almost be an advantage to an applicant for work in the finan- cial industries. This says that if you require the use of a polygraph, then comprehensive consideration of that application is also required. And do not forget: it is the gentleman from Montana who has imposed in this bill a fine of up to $10,000 for a violation. Do the Members think any bank, any financial institution in this coun- try is going to turn around and !some- how slap a polygraph test on someone, use that as the sole determinant, say no to hiring them with the full knowl- edge that if that person goes out and sues, they will be fined up to $10,000? Let us use a little common sense and recognize what we are dealing with in this amendment Then the gentleman from Montana says that if this amend- ment is approved, we will open it up to some 3,152,000 potential employees who will be subject to the polygraph. Now, come on. The facts are, and we all agree, that there are no more than at the maxi- mum 2 million tests conducted per year. Let us use a little common sense. We are also aware of the fact, and every one of the Members can go to any local financial institution in their district and be reassured, that when employers are not about to spend _any- where from $75 to $125 just to man- date that every one of these people, whether it be tellers or clerical em- ployees, has to take a polygraph test, especially in light of the other require- ments of the bill which would suggest that if they give them a polygraph, they must be fully prepared to prove that that is not the sole determinant for an employment action. 0 1630 I mean, it is almost like if you use the polygraph test, you better hire me, because if you do not, you are prob- ably going to have to pay at least half my annual wages in a penalty to the Federal Government for not hiring me because it may be the sole determi- nant for your action. I really call upon my colleagues. The one thing the American people ask of us when we come here is not be Demo- crat, not be Republican, not be liberal, not be conservative. They say, "For gosh sakes, can you please go to Wash- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9571 ington and use a little common sense in government?" I think that is what this amendment Is all about. I hope we support it. Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. ST GERMAIN asked and was given permission to proceed for an ad- ditional 2 minutes.) The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Rhode Island is recognized for a total of 7 minutes. (Mr. ST GERMAIN asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the amendment of the gentlewoman from New Jersey. As chairman of the Committee on Banking, there is not a soul in this House that I will take a back seat to when it comes to discussing the rea- sons for bank failures, fraud, embez- zlement. Money laundering?my God, I am one who is responsible for the legisla- tion that requires reporting of transac- tions of over $10,000 and of the amendments thereto in the recent past. I take a back seat to no one. I will tell you right now, a polygraph test will do nothing about money laun- dering. Mr. Chairman, the amendment we are considering would deny workers employed by financial institutions the protections contained in this bill. As a result, every person employed by a financial institution?and, I might add, that is a term which is quite broadly defined?would be ac- corded a lesser degree of personal pri- vacy and a greater presumption of complicity than other workers. The amendment suffers a fatal flaw in that it makes no distinction be- tween a bank president, whose actions can and have threatened the safety, and in some instances brought about the collapse of an entire institution, and an underpaid janitor or reception- ist or a clerk-typist. Over the past few years, the Bank- ing Committee has conducted exhaus- tive hearings into the causes of the failure of a financial institution. Cer- tainly economic factors such as the downturn in the agricultural and energy sectors have been a major cause. Just as important have been insider abuse and mismanagement?some- times criminal mismanagement. How- ever, nowhere in our hearings did we find that polygraph testing of employ- ees would have reduced bank failures or reduced losses suffered by our de- posit insurance fund. In the case of financial institutions, we would simply be fooling ourselves if we make bank employees the scape- goat. Instead, banks and other financial institutions must initiate greater inter- nal control, if needed, and Federal and State regulators must use the powers Congress and State legislatures have given them to protect our Nation's fi- nancial institutions. The bill before us today provides prudent exceptions which I support. In matters involving national security or in instances such as nuclear science, where the potential for disaster is great, balancing the public good against the privacy of an employee, it Is clear that the potential risks to the public far outweigh the potential damage to an individual. However, the proponents of this amendment have not made a case that employees of a credit union, for exam- ple, many of whom are volunteers, mind you, they serve without pay, have any greater propensity for com- mittting a crime than any other person. Nor have they been able to prove that any crime committed in a credit union by such as employee would be likely to have cataclysmic consequences. I understand the concern of the gen- tlewoman from New Jersey, but I be- lieve she has not provided sufficient justification to subject one class of workers to a lesser degree of personal freedom and privacy simply because they work for financial institutions. Nothing whatsoever has been shown that suggest that employees of finan- cial institutions have any greater op- portunity for crime, or a greater dispo- sition to commit crimes. Nor has it been shown that bank crime so threatens the public good that we must treat all bank employees as second-class citizens and deny them their right to privacy, due process and the presumption of innocence. For these reasons I must oppose an amendment which would deny people an opportunity for employment or perhaps ruin a career based upon a polygraph's reading, and as has been stated here today, that is of very ques- tionable value. Mr. Chairman, the problem with money laundering and banks that were fined by the Department of Jus- tice was because that the principals, the executives in these financial insti- tutions, did not communicate to the employees what their duties and re- sponsibilities were under the reporting requirements of legislation designed to protect our institutions from being used as laundromats for drug traffick- ers. Again I repeat, Mr. Chairman, I take a back seat to no one on that one, be- cause I have been in the forefront of that fight throughout. Mr. Seidman wrote in support of the amendment, frankly, what he should do is upgrade the supervision and reg- ulation of financial institutions, rather than talk about polygraph testing if he wants to save money for the insur- ing fund. I will tell you, after my hearings, there is a lot of room for improvement there. Now, let me finish by saying this. If polygraph testing is so good, so effi- cient, so wonderful in the area of fi- nancial institutions, how come over a billion dollars, we were told earlier in this debate, was lost by employee fraud and embezzlement? The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Rhode Island has ex- pired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. ST GER- sum was allowed to proceed for 1 ad- ditional minute.) Mr. ST GERMAIN. Frankly, Mr. Chairman, the polygraph has not done much good, has it? I really do not think that the uncer- tainty involved and the case that has been made for this amendment war- rants the invasion of privacy and sub- jecting these innocent people to a polygraph test of questionable value. Mrs. ROUKEMA. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. The CHAIRMAN. Without objec- tion, the gentlewoman from New Jersey is recognized for 5 minutes. There was no objection. Mrs. ROUKEMA. I do not know if there will be other speakers, Mr. Chairman, but in conclusion for my part, I would like to make some final observations on my amendment, be- cause I think we have gone pretty far afield from the amendment. I would like to again clearly state that this is an amendment that is care- fully defined. It is not the same amendment as was presented in the previous Congress. It is clearly limited to only federally insured institutions and securities firms that are regulated by the SEC. It does not preempt any State or local laws and it cannot be used as the sole basis for an employment decision or of demotion or of proMotion or any other kind of action on behalf of an employee. Finally, Mr. Chairman. I want to say that somehow it has been intimated here by the previous speakers that fi- nancial institutions and banks do not know what is in their own best inter- ests. It has been indicated here that banks and these institutions do not know how to conduct their business and that they do not know that it is not in their best interests to properly screen employees. Now, I just ask my colleagues, if it is not in their best interests to screen their employees in many ways, includ- ing the polygraph as one tool, then why would they want this ability, an expensive procedure, I might add, why would they want the ability to go through this expensive procedure unless they felt it was in their own best interests to do so? I would suggest that these people know what they are doing and that if the theft numbers are mounting, and they are alarmingly, that one should not say therefore the polygraph has failed. One can also say imagine how great the problem would have been had they not been able to use the Polygraph. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9572 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentlewoman yield? Mrs. ROITSEMA. I yield to the dis- tinguished ranking member of the Banking Committee, the gentleman from Ohio. Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentlewoman again for yielding and for her amendment. We do not say that this is the final word. We say that this is one more tool in checking and recognizing that there are certain exemptions already Included in this bill and that financial Institutions are held to a special re- sponsibility, to a higher standard, if you please, than some other institu- tions in our society. Now, it was mentioned a little while ago that perhaps volunteer employees of credit unions would be subjected to a polygraph test. I doubt if there are very many voluntary employees In credit unions anymore, but that would be all the more reason why would an employee volunteer to be an employee of a credit union? Maybe they ought to be the ones who would be checked; but financial institutions are required by law to carefully screen prospective employees and that recognizes that certain persons with criminal records might want to go to Work in financial institutions to take care of an expen- sive drug habit or maybe to take care of a gaming debt or something else. I think this is a good amendment Fi- nancial institutions are required by law to establieh comprehensive securi- ty programs. That includes their hiring practices. This is just one more tool it seems to me that they ought to have. Mrs. ROIIKEMA. Mr. Chairman, I thank the distinguished ranking member of the Banking Committee. I would simply conclude by saying that I think the financial institutions' people understand their own industry and they understand their needs and they are being overwhelmed by theft. I think this will go far to help them in dealing with their problem. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentle- woman from New Jersey Mrs. R0I7KE- MAL The question was taken; and the Chairman announced that the ayes appeared to have RECORDED VOTE Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I demand a recorded vote. A recorded vote was ordered. The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were?ayes 184, noes 237, not voting 12, as follows: [Roll No. 4091 AYES-184 Anderson Bennett Callahan Archer Bereuter Chandler Armey Chapman Badham Bliley Chappell Baker Smelter Cheney Ballenger Broomfield Coats Barnard Buechner Coble Bartlett Bunning Coleman (MO) Barton Burton Combest Bateman Byron Courter Craig Kasich Rogers Dannemeyer Kolbe Rose Darden Konnyu Roth Daub Kyl Rotikema de is Garza Lagoa:Arabi? Rowland (GA) DeLay Lancaster Saila DeWine Latta Saxton Dickinson Leath (TX) Schaefer Dio0uardi Lent Schuette Doman (CA) Lewis (CA) Schulze Dreier Lewis (FL) Sensenbrenner Edwards (OK) Lightfoot Shaw Emerson Livingston Shumwej English Lott Sinister Erdreich Lowery (CA) Nasky Atwell Lujan Skeen Fields Lukens, Donald Slaughter (VA) Fish Lumen Smith (NE) Flippo Mack Smith (TX) Frenzel Madigan smith, Denny Gallegly Marlenee (OR) Gallo Martin (IL) Smith. Robert Gekaa Martin (NY) (NH) Gingrich Mamoll Smith, Robert ?wane McCandless (OR) Gordon MeColhun Solomon Gradison McEwen Spence . Grant McGrath Stangeland Green McMillan (NC) Stenholm Gregg Meyers Stratton Gunderson Mica Stump Hall (OH) Michel Sundquist Hall (TX) Miller (OH) Sweeney Hammerschmidt Molinari Swindell Hansen Montgomery Tauzin Harris Moorhead Taylor Hastert Morrison (WA) Thanes (CA) Hatcher Myers Thomas (GA) Hayes (LA) Nelson Torricelli Ilefley Nichols Upton Berger Oxley Valentine Hiler Packard Vander Jut Holloway Parris Vucanovich Hopkins Pashayan Walker Hubbard Pickett Weber Huckaby Porter Weldon Hunter Quillen Whittaker Hutto Ravenel Wolf Hyde Ray Wortley Inhale Result Wylie Ireland Rhodes Young (PL) Jones (NC) Ritter Jones (TN) Roberts Ackerman Akaka Alexander Andrews Annunzio Anthony Applegate Aspin Atkins AuCoin Bates Beilenson Bentley Berman Bevill Bilbray Boehlert Boggs Boland Bonior Honker Borski Bosco Boucher Boxer Brennan Brooks Bruce Bryant Bustamante Campbell Cardin Carper CIUT Clarke Clay Clinger Coelho Coleman (TX) Oilman Collins Glickman Conte Oonsales Conyers Grandy Cooper Gray (IL) Coughlin Gray (PA) NOES-237 Coyne Crockett Davis (IL) Davis (MI) DePasio Dellums Derrick Dicks Dingell Dixon Donnelly Dorgan (ND) Dowdy Downey Durbin Dwyer Dymally Dyson Early Eckart Edwards (CA) Espy Evans Fazio Feighan Flake Plorio Foglietta Foley Ford (MI) Pord (TN) Frank Frost Garcia Gaydos Geklenson Guerin' Hamilton Hawkins Hayes (IL) Hefner Henry Hertel Hochbrueckner Horton Houghton Hoyer Hughes Jacobs Jeffords Jenkins Johnson (CT) Johnson (SD) Jonts Kanjorski Kastesimeier Kennedy Kennelly =dee Kleiaka Koller Kostmayer LarsIce Lento' Leach (IA) Lehman (CA) Lehman (FL) Leland Levin (MI) Levine (CA) Lewis (OA) Lipinski Lloyd Izewry (WA) Luken, Thomas MacKay Manton Markey Martinez Matsui Mavroules McCloskey McCurdy McDade McHugh McMillen (MD) Mfume Miller (CA) Miller (WA) Mineta Moakley Mollohan Moody Morella Morrison (CT) Mrazek Murphy Murtha Nagle Hatcher Neal Nielson Nowak Dakar Oberstar Obey Olin Ortiz Owens (NY) Panetta Patterson Pease Pelosi Penny Pepper Biaggi Brown (CA) Brown (CO) Crane MO November 4, 1987 Perkins Petri Pickle Price (IL) Price (NC) Purnell Rahall Rangel Richardson Ridge Rinaldo Robinson Rodin? &Is Rostenkowski Rowland (CT) Roybel Rump Sabo Savage Sawyer Scheuer Schneider Schroeder Schumer Sharp Shays Silunaki Skaggs Skelton Snows Solara Sprint St Germain Staggers Stallings Stark Stokes Studds Swift Spur Tanen Tanker Torres Towns Trallcant Traxler Vento Viselosky Volkmer Walgren Watkins Waltman Weiss Wheat Whitten Williams Wilson Wise Slattery Wolpe Slaughter (NY) Wyden Smith (FL) Yates Smith (LA) Yatron Smith (NJ) Young (AK) NOT VOTINO-12 Maid !Won. Denten Kemp Ciephardt Owens (UT) Howard Roemer 0 1655 The Clerk announced the following pair: On this vote: Mr. Bum, of Colorado for, with Ms. Emus against. Mr. BEREUTER. and Mr. STRAT- TON changed their votes from "no" to "aye.? So the amendment was rejected. The result of the vote was an- nounced as above recorded. ASIENDMINT OVIHRID BY KR. RICHARDSON Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. The Clerk read as follows: Amendment offered by Mr. RICHARDSON: Page 8, after line 13, insert the following new subsection: (d) Exissesion rat Dave SECURITY, DRUG TriErr, or Dam DIVRRSIOW INVISTISA- nom?This Act shall not prohibit the use of a lie detector test by any employer au- thorised to manufacture, distribute, or dis- pense a controlled substance listed in sched- ule I, II, III, or IV pursuant to section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812) to the extent that? (1) such use is consistent with? (A) applicable State and local law, and (B) any negotiated collective bargaining agreement, that explicitly or implicitly limits or prohib- its the use of lie detector tests by such em- ployer, (2) the test is administered only to an em- ployee who has, or a prospective employee who would have, direct access to the manu- facture, storage, distribution, or sale of any such controlled substance; and (3) the results of an analysis of lie detec- tor charts are not used as the sole basis upon which any employee or prospective employee is discharged, dismissed, disci- plined in any manner, or denied employ- ment or promotion. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, .1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Mr. RICHARDSON (during the reading). Mr. Chairman, I ask unani- mous consent that the amendment be considered as read and printed in the RECORD. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from New Mexico? There was no objection (Mr. RICHARDSON asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, I rise to offer an amendment for myself and Mr HUGHES. Our amend- ment will counter the problems of the theft and diversion of controlled sub- stances into the illegal drug market. The Richardson-Hughes amendment specifically exempts those companies authorized by the Federal Govern- ment to manufacture, distribute, or dispense controlled substances from the polygraph ban. Its intent is to minimize the theft and diversion of dangerous drugs and narcotics from le- gitimate sources in the United States. The exemption provided by this amendment is narrowly drawn: the test can only be administered to em- ployees who have, or prospective em- ployees who would have, direct access to the manufacture, storage, distribu- tion, or sale of controlled substances. More importantly, the amendment ex- plicitly prohibits polygraph test re- sults from being used as the sole deter- mining factor in the hiring, disciplin- ing, or firing of any employee Finally, this amendment is the exact, word for word language that was adopted by the House when we debated the poly- graph ban in the 99th Congress. Each year, large volumes of prescrip- tion drugs are stolen or diverted into illicit channels. The Drug Enforce- ment Administration (DEM and the General Accounting Office estimate that 250 million to 270 million dosage units of legally manufactured drugs are stolen or diverted into illicit chan- nels annually. There is a justified need for a pharmaceutical exemption. The DEA reports losses in the retail chain which includes retail pharmacies, warehouses, and trucks in transit of between 500,000 and 1 million dosage units yearly. More importantly, these losses are solely attributed to employee theft. In other words, employee theft accounts for 80 percent of all losses incurred by the chain drug industry. There is, however, another meaning to these DEA figures: employee theft and di- version results in direct and substan- tial dollar losses to the involved indus- tries. Retail corporate drug stores alone lose over $480 million annually due to internal theft. I believe these statistics Indicate that there is a legiti- mate requirement for the Richardson- Hughes exemption from the poly- graph ban. In addition to economic reasons however, there are valid social policy arguments that support passage of this amendment. I am convinced this amendment is a public health and safety amendment addressing the prof:skins of drug abuse and the safety of this Nation's prescription drugs. The incentive for Bildt drug trading looms large when a capsule or pill Which retails for 50 cents can com- mand $25 to $35 on the black market. This presents a clear and present danger for manufacturers and distrib- utors who must guarantee the securi- ty, safety, and integrity of prescription drugs. While this amendment won't stop drug trafficking, it will present a clear deterrent to those who would steal or divert prescription drugs. Lastly and perhaps most important- ly, the Richardson-Hughes amend- ment will help combat this Nation's drug abuse problem. Drug abuse is pervasive in the United States. An esti- mated 40 million abuse illegal or legiti- mately controlled drugs. Drug addic- tion not only takes its toll in lost pro- ductivity?absenteeism, crime, and medical expenses from drug dependen- cies cost the U.S. economy $230 billion each year?but in human lives and suf- fering. Stopping the flow of drugs into the black market is essential to com- bating this Nation's drug abuse prob- lem and I believe this amendment will act as a deterrent?helping to stop the flow of controlled substances into illic- it channels. CI 1710 Mr. ARMEY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. Mr. Chairman proponents of H.R. 1212 claim that the business conmumi- ty is requiring individuals and employ- ees to take too many polygraph tests. According to my friend from Montana, Mr. Wrumuss, some 2 mMion tests are given every year in the private sector. In my view, this number poles in comparison to the number of Ameri- cans who are abusing addictive drugs and illicit substances. According to a number of sources, 40 million people in the United States regularly use ille- gal drugs or abuse legitimate con- trolled substances, in other words, America has a serious, widespread drug problem. When we consider that there are some 1 million jobs among drug manu- facturing companies, wholesalers and retail pharmacies, the odds that an in- dividual with a chemical dependency problem or a history of drug related crimes seeking employment with one of these businesses is fairly substan- tial. Congress would be making a terrible mistake if we do not provide an ex- emption on the controlled substance issue. To reject the Richardson amendment will mean that we will have created a gaping loophole in our war against drugs and drug-related crimes. Moreover, rejecting this amendment will mean we'll lose a val- uable procedure available to compa- nies in their efforts to minimise and deter losses of controlled drugs. H 9573 No matter what your perspective is on lie detector tests, I believe that it is imperative in the name of national se- curity as well as public health and safety to carve out an exemption so that drug thefts and diversion from le- gitimate sources do not escalate any further. Mr. Chairman, we agreed to this very same amendment in the last Con- gress because we, sadly, acknowledged we have a terrible drug abuse/drug theft problem. I strongly urge the House to adopt this important amend- ment. Let me say, Mr. Chairman, that I want to express my appreciation to the framer of this amendment. I think It is very carefully thought out. We agreed to this a year ago. I think the need is very apparent. It has been especially seen by this Congress. We have an opportunity here to pro- vide an extra element of protection to our young children from those who would abuse their employment privi- lege by stealing drugs and making them available to our school children. I urge everybody to support this amendment. Mr. OXLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. ARMEY. I yield to the gentle- man from Ohio Mfr. Mr. OXLEY. I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I too want to join Congressman RICHARDSON and Con- gressman lit/GHES in support of this amendment. This is the amendment that passed the last time this bill was up. I think it makes a great deal of sense. Our committee, the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the Committee on Energy and Com- merce have had numerous hearings on the whole question of drug diversion. It is a very, very serious problem in this country. Many of the drugs that are diverted are caused by theft, which eventually get into the illicit market. So it is very important that we have this tool. As the gentleman from New Mexico said, this is not the be-all, end-all, it is not going to solve the total problem, but it is a tool which these companies can use, and these pharmacies can use to determine what kind of people they have working for them. So it is a well-crafted amendment. Mr. Hoax= and I are both on the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control. We understand the real problem of drugs in our country. This is a small step that we can use in pro- viding the exemption which la provid- ed for in the amendment by the gen- tleman from New Mexico. Mr. ECKART. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield to me? Mr. ARMEY. I yield to the gentle- man from Ohio f Mr. Beams]. Mr. ECKART. I thank the gentle- man for yielding. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9574 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4,1987 My colleague from Ohio and I have worked together on the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations on this matter. It was a year ago that this was the Armey-Eckart amendment that the House passed. It is my under- standing that the gentleman's repre- sentations are true. I wish to be associ- ated with them. It does include our direct access language and makes clear we want to focus on those employees who are in those circumstances. So I wish to associate myself with the gentleman's remarks and thank him for yielding to me. Mr. ARMEY. I thank both of the gentlemen. Let me say as I did say, as Mr. EMART pointed out this is a well craft- ed amendment. Let me say to the body at large that a "yes" vote on the Rich- ardson amendment is a vote for the safety and health of your children. - I applaud the gentleman from New Mexico once again for his concern and In bringing this amendment. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. OWENS of New York. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MAINSIKEZ. I yield to the gen- tleman from New York. (Mr. OWENS of New York asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. OWENS of New York. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I rise in Strong support of the Employee Polygraph Protection Act (H.R: 1212) and against the many amendments which will be offered today to gut the bill. Polygraph screening does not work, cannot work, and does not belong in the American workplace. One of the things that has made this coun- try great is our boundless faith in science and technology, but sometimes it can get us into trouble. We have seen so many miracles made possible in our lives through science that it does not seem implausible to us that a little electronic box really could tell whether or not we are telling the truth. But the reality is that polygraph screening is essentially a quack science which should enjoy about as much credibility as the "x-ray specs" adver- tised in the back pages of comic books. It does not measure truthfulness; it measures physiological indicators of strew?changes in our blood pressure, breathing, and perspira- tion. Sometimes those signals Of stress can mean you are lying, but they can also mean any number of other things as well, including simply that having electrodes strapped to your head and being interrogated like a criminal makes you very nervous. Study after study has found that there is absolutely no scientific basis for the idea that polygraph exams can reliably identify lies and deception. We tolerate many foolish practices in our society and if polygraphs were used as be- nignly as comic book "x-ray specs" they would be of no concern to us. That is not the case, however. Despite the dearth of scientific evidence to support its reliability, the use of polygraph screening by employers is now epi- demic and it is hurting too many of our con- stituents. Every year, hundreds of thousands of American workers?innocent, honest, decent people?are being denied jobs and turned into unemployable pariahs on the basis of this bogus, pseudoscientific exam. Because the polygraph measures physiological func- tions, persons with physical and mental dis- abilities or ailments are particularly vulnerable to being unfairly and incorrectly identified as "liars" by the exam. For similar reasons, as well as because the interpretation of poly- graph results is inevitably subjective and prone to bias, there is also evidence that poly- graph screening unfairly discriminates against black Americans and other ethnic minorities; if you are black, in other words, the polygraph is far more likely to tag you as a liar than if you are white. And most perversely of all, the greatest discriminatory impact of polygraph screening falls on precisely those of our con- stituents who are the most scrupulously honest because their understandable indigna- tion, surprise, and anger at being interrograted is likely to create the kind of stress the poly- graph treats as a signal of deception. The opponents of H.R. 1212 and those who support industry-specific exemptions to the legislation would have you believe that the polygraph is necessary to combat employee theft?even employee "terrorism"?and are trying hard to' cast this debate as some kind of referendum on the crime in the workplace. This is absurd. There is simply no evidence to support their claim that the pseudoscience of polygraph screening is an effective, much less an essential tool against employee crime. Businesses in those States which have banned the use of the polygraph experience no higher rate of theft and other crimes by employees than businesses in those States where polygraph use is unregulated and has been allowed to flourish. Indeed, the National Institute of Justice Study on Employee Theft found that employers who use polygraph screening actually experienced a higher rate of employee theft than those who did not. Other opponents of RR. 1212 have argued that instead of banning the use of the poly- graph in private employment we should first try to regulate its use in the workplace. Unfor- tunately, advocates of this approach seem to have missed the point. Since polygraph screening does not work, trying to regulate its use makes about as much sense as trying to regulate numerology or palm-reading--it is an utterly pointless exercise which is inherently unworkable. Moreover, the few States that have tried this approach have demonstrated little success in stopping what even polygraph advocates agree are abuses of the device. In fact, during the subcommittee's consideration of H.R. 1212, one of the most frightening sto- ries we heard about employer abuse and misuse of the polygraph was told by a worker who was purportedly "protected" by one of the State laws upon which the Darden substi- tute has been modeled. Polygraph regulation was of no use to this man and would be of no use to other American workers either. The massive polygraph screening now taking place in American workplaces is an abomination and it must be halted. If thou- sands of our constituents were being branded liars and denied employment on the basis of their horoscopes, we would not hesitate to outlaw the practice. The polygraph is no more useful or valid in detecting deception than as- trology, but we have tolerated its use because it looks somehow scientific with its tangle of wires and electrodes and its charts of colorful, squiggly lines. It is long past time for us to end this absurd masquerade and to provide the protection American workers need from the dangerous quackery of the polygraph. Pass H.R. 1212 and defeat the weakening amendments. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I do not know how all of a sudden the legis- lation becomes a panacea to curb all the abuses in banking, in child care, in care of the elderly and all of the amendments that we have heard so far. I do not believe that security measures for the safekeeping of drugs or for keeping them out of the hands of drug dealers should depend on the reliability of a machine that is ques- tionable. The credibility of the machine and the track record of the machine is not such that we should depend on it for our security measures to keep drugs out of the hands of drug dealers. If we are reduced to that kind of thinking then we ought to turn over the key to the cabinet to the drug dealers be- cause it is not going to do the job. The polygraph is not a security measure. Twenty to forty percent of the time the machines are wrong. If this amendment passes it is just lead- ing us down the primrose path of a false sense of security. AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. HUGHES TO THE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR., RICHARDSON Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment to the amendment. The Clerk read as follows: Amendment offered by Mr. HUGHES to the amendment offered by Mr. Ricimanson: In the matter proposed to be inserted by the amendment offered by the Gentleman from New Mexico, strike out "and" at the end of paragraph (2); strike out the period at the end of paragraph (3) and insert in lieu thereof "; and"; and after such paragraph insert the following new paragraph: (4) if the test is administered to a current employee? (A) the test is administered only in con- nection with an ongoing investigation of criminal or other misconduct involving, or potentially involving, loss or injury to the manufacture, distribution, or dispensing of any such controlled substance by such em- ployer; and (B) the employee had access to the person or property which is the subject of the in- vestigation. Mr. HUGHES (during the reading). Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- sent that the amendment to the amendment be considered as read and printed in the RECORD. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from New Jersey? There was no objection. Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Chairman, I rise In Very strong support of the Richard- son amendment which creates a narrow exception from the prohibition in the bill in the case of the traffic in controlled substances. The amend- ment I am offering improves the Rich- ardson amendment by limiting its coy- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05 : CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9575 erage in investigative uses of poly- graph testing. The first question of course is. Do we need a special exception in this bill to fight drug trafficking and drug abuse? I think that this House is on record singling out the importance of comprehensively attacking the drug abuse problem on every front. In fact it was just over a year ago, on October 27, 1986. that President Reagan signed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, which originated in this House, the most massive legislative assault and comprehensive attack upon the problems of drug abuse in this Nation. Certain drugs are well known to the public and extensively covered in the news media?drugs such as heroin, co- caine, and marijuana. However, there are other drugs which have legitimate medical uses which are even more widely abused. Throughout the 1970's and 1980's these drugs were responsi- ble for three-quarters of all the deaths and injuries due to drug abuse in the United States. They were responsible for more deaths than heroin and co- caine combined. Only in the last 2 years, because the tidal wave of "crack" cocaine has engulfed our cities' youth, has the percentage of deaths and injuries due to legitimate drugs gone down. Legitimate drugs are produced here in the United States. We can't blame anyone else for the thousands of deaths and tens of thou- sands of hospital admissions from these drugs. In the past 3 years this House has taken the lead in strengthening our ability to prevent the diversion of le- gitimate drugs from channels of medi- cal distribution to the blackmarket We have appropriated additional funds for the drag enforcement ad- ministration to investigate these cases. We have strengthened the laws to allow the revocation of registrations of manufacturers, distributors, and medi- cal practitioners who are involved in diversion. We made the robbery and burglary of controlled substances from a registrant a separate Federal crime. Recent estimates by DEA of the quantities of drugs diverted run as high as 780 million doses per year. It's a very serious problem. These pills are widely distributed to chiktren because they are easy to take. They don't need to be injected or smoked. They look like medicine because they are medi- cine, but they are very dangerous, and when offered to children they are a specially dangerous temptation. These legitimate drugs?powerful painkillers, tranquilizers, and atimu- lanta?are widely sought in the black- market. A single 4 milligram pill of a painkiller such as dilaudid sells for be- tween $30 and $65 on the blackmarket. This is easy money for the unscrupu- lous employee who pilfers drugs, and big money for more sophisticated criminals who try to infiltrate whole- sale drug distribution operations. The Richardson amendment gives us a critical tool to prevent the organized crime rings from infiltrating drug com- panies and distributors. My amend- ment narrows the Richardson amend- ment. In the case of current employ- ees, a polygraph can only be used in connection with. an ongoing hwestiga- tion or criminal or other misconduct Involving the manufacture, distribu- tion, or dispensing of controlled sub- stances, and only if the employee had access to the person or property which is the subject of the investigation. There can be no random polygraph testing of current employees under this amendment. Indeed, the industry has told us that they don't need random testing. There are Members who may have been reluctant to support. the Richard- son exception. In light of my amend- ment, which narrows and focuses the Richardson amendment, I urge these Members to take another look at the Richardson amendment I urge my colleagues to support both my amendment and the Richardson amendment 0 1723 Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. HUGHES. I am happy to yield to the gentleman from New Mexico. Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, I waist to commend the gentleman for offering his amendment. I think it im- proves the one that I offered. It nar- rows the scope, it creates a threshold, and I would just like to advise the gen- tleman that I would be pleased to accept his amendment. Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for his support Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. HUGHES. I am happy to yield to the gentleman from Montana. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I want to be sure I understand the gen- tleman's amendment. The gentleman Is eliminating the postemployment random nature of the Richardson amendment and substituting for that the use of the lie detector in an inci- dent-only matter? Mr. imams. That is correct. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. }Incites] has expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. HUGHES was allowed to proceed for 2 additional minutes.) Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will yield, let me ask this question: Does the gentleman's amendment continue to allow all preemployment testing to go forward, or has it elimi- nated the preemployment. testing in the Richardson amendment? Mr. HUGHES. No. the preemploy- ment testing is permitted under my amendment Mr. WILLIABC3. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman. Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Chairman, let me say that the only thing it does is it fo- cuses the postemployment testing on those incidents which in fact result in an ongoing criminal or civil Investiga- tion. Let me make one additional point if I might before I yield bar.k the balance of my time. Mr. Chairman, we make an excep- tion for the law enforcement commu- nity. The law enforcement communi- ty, in using the polygraph, basically is exposed to a. very small amount of controlled substances. Here we are talking about millions and millions and millions of dosage units that are being handled by these pharmaceuti- cal companies and distributors, and this is where we really need to have the polygraph testing for diversion. So I urge my colleagues, if they are persuaded that law enforcement has needs in the area of controlled sub- stances, they certainly a fortiori have to argue that we need Et in this par- ticular area. Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues to support my amendment and to sup- port the Richardson amendment, which is an excellent amendment I can tell my colleagues that I would have a hard time supporting this legis- lation if this amendment does not carry. Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal- ance of my time. Mr. LUNGREN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, I think that the Members ought to realize that for the greatest period of the history of the FBI they did not involve themselves in drug cases. They specifically were pro- hibited from being involved in drug cases because J. Edgar Hoover. seeing the tremendous amounts of money to be gained in the illegal Use of drugs, was afraid it was such a corrosive, cor- ruptive influence on even law enforce- ment that it would be extremely diffi- cult for him to maintain the purity, so to speak, of the FBI. A number of years ago, in conjunc- tion with this administration, we made the decision and the administration made the decision to remove the bar- rier to investigation by the FBI, to have them work with the DEA. In fact, some of J. Edgar Hoover's worst thoughts came to the fore. We have had for the first time in the history of the FBI, some FBI agents who went bad, and we have had some prosecu- tions of FBI agents. Nonetheless, we thought that risk was appropriate be- cause of the enormity of the drug problem facing the Nation. Is it too much to believe that with all the requirements we make prospec- tive FBI agents go through, when even then some of them succumb to the temptations in this area, there- fore, some of the people working in the pharmaceutical industry would not be tempted to fall to the illegal perpetrators of drugs? I think if we looked at it realistically, we know that Is happening. Not only is the illegal Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9576 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE manufacture and distribution of drugs a problem, as the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Humes] has pointed out, but the illegal diversion of drugs which are controlled, having been pro- duced legally, is a problem in this country. If we believe it is a continuing major problem why should we remove one of the most valuable tools that law enforcement has found in policing itself from private industry? I heard my friend, the gentleman from California, say a little earlier that Members who support this amendment believe this gadget is the panacea, and I would say to my friend, the gentleman from California, that he misstates our position. This is not the panacea, but it is a tool, an effec- tive tool, a seen by law enforcement, that we are without this amendment taking away from the private sector, those who produce, manufacture and distribute controlled substances. It is not a panacea, but it is an effective tool. Others have said, "Wait a second. This involves the constitutional rights of individual Americans." I would say, if we look at the 5th and 14th amend- ments of the Constitution, we would find that they talk about State action. They talk about prohibiting unreason- able searches and seizures by the State, that is, by Government officials. Here we have made that exception, a blanket exception in that regard. What we are asking is this: What should be the ease in the private sector, in the private employer-em- ployee relationships? All I would say Is, if we are going to be true to the feelings of the floor of the House that were expressed last year in support of the antidrug bill, truly a bipartisan ap- proach fighting the drug problem in this country, we ought to support the amendment. It is more narrowly drawn now, with the Hughes amend- ment, so we do not have to fear random polygraph tests being adminis- tered to already existing employees, but it does continue to allow preem- ployment screening and having the polygraph as part of that, not the total thing but part of it. Mr. Chairman, it seems to me that this is a reasonable amendment. It is something we ought to adopt. It is something that is not to be feared. It is something we should accept as rea- sonable under the circumstances. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words, and I rise in opposition to the amendment. Mr. Chairman, I wonder if the author of the amendment would answer a few questions to clarify my understanding of the amendment. Does the amendment include the poly- graphing of people who transport drugs, that is, truck drivers? Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will yield, the answer to the question is no. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, let me ask, what does the gentleman mean in his amendment when he says, "distribution"? Mr. RICHARDSON. What I mean by "distribution" is the normal proce- dure of drug manufacturers and dis- tributors. Once again, it would pre- clude the trucker's ability to have direct access to controlled substances. Trucks transporting controlled sub- stances are locked before leaving the loading dock and unlocked at the point of destination by authorized per- sonnel. In answer to the second question, I mean anybody involved in the entire process in the channel of controlled substances. Mr. WILLIAMS. Except truckers? Mr. RICHARDSON. Yes. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will answer another question, so it is the gentleman's pur- pose that those who haul drugs or transport drugs are not included in his amendment? Mr. RICHARDSON. That is correct. Mr. WILLIAMS How about those people who store drugs or are involved in warehousing drugs on their way to the pharmacy? Mr. RICHARDSON. Let me just make this case: Those that are regis- tered with the DEA, those that store and are registered with the DEA are Included. So storage operators are in- cluded. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WILLIAMS I yield to the gen- tleman from Texas. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding, be- cause I think the gentleman is doing the House a service in pointing out what the Richardson amendment in- cludes. I think it is important to read para- graph 2 of the amendment. It would be administered or permitted to be ad- ministered only to an employee or pro- spective employee who would have direct access to the manufacture, stor- age, distribution, or sale of controlled substances. So whether it is a truck driver or a pharmacy or a pharmacist or anyone else, it is only employees who have direct access to the sub- stance itself. I think that is a fair place to draw the line. A truck driver who does not have access to the con- trolled substance is no threat, and, therefore, this amendment would not apply to him. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, let me reclaim my time. I appreciate the gentleman's assistance and his expla- nation. Relating to these substances in schedules 1, 2, 3, and 4, which appar- ently are the only controlled sub- stances the gentleman's amendment covers, are those substances always sealed? Are they always in a certain state of security by having been sealed as they are transported and stored ac- cording to DEA's regulations? Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will yield, that is cor- November 4, 1987 rect. They are also sealed within the truck, meaning that controlled sub- stances are doubled-sealed during transportation. Mr. WILLIAMS. So as those sub- stances come across the country and are put in a warehouse, does the manner in which they are sealed mean that the people dealing with them in the warehouse are not subject to a lie detector examination under the gen- tleman's amendment? Mr. RICHARDSON. They are cov- ered under the bill. Mr. WILLIAMS. So the truck driver would not be the person who unloads the truck and stores the drugs, so he would not be subject to examination? Mr. RICHARDSON. The gentleman is correct. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, if the author of the amendment will Con- tinue to respond, let me say that I ap- preciate his willingness to engage in this colloquy. Does the author of the amendment know what the position of the Ameri- can Pharmateutical Association is on the gentleman's amendment? Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, my understanding is that the entire pharmaceutical industry, the drug manufacturers and distributors, are in support of the legislation. ' Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman is wrong. Let me read from a letter to me from the American Pharmaceutical Association. I will read only the one sentence which sums up the association's position. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Montana (Mr. Wn.- Limo] has expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. Wm- LIAM was allowed to proceed for 2 ad- ditional minutes.) Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, let me say to my colleagues that I want to share this with them because I believe this is very important. The American Pharmaceutical Association has writ- ten this: "The American Pharmaceutical As- sociation's position is that polygraph tests should not be used as a means of preemployment screening in pharma- cies, should not be used in pharmacies for routine security checking of em- ployees"?and the amendment offered by the gentleman from New Jersey may have taken care of that?and fi- nally, "should not be used in pharma- cies in the course of investigation for causes." The American Pharmaceutical Asso- ciation itself is against this amend- ment. I ask, why is that? Because they know this gadget does not work. It cre- ates a false sense of security, and they do not want it. They do not want the pharmacists and the drugstore owners of America to be relying on a gadget that does not work. The American Pharmaceutical Association knows that we cannot protect the American public when we let pharmacists and Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE drugstore owners depend upon this faulty gadget. Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WILLIAMS. I yield to the gen- tleman from New Mexico. Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, I would like to make the point very clear that while the gentleman may have a letter from the American Phar- maceutical Association, they are very limited in being involved in the storing and distribution of drugs as prescribed in this amendment. Let me just say that the National Association of Chain Dealer Drugs is supportive of this bill. Most drug man- ufacturers have sent many letters throughout the Congress in support of this legislation. Law enforcement agencies support it. Perhaps that small group that the gentleman men- tions is not included. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Montana [Mr. Wn.- tiAms) has again expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. WIL- LIAMS was allowed to proceed for 2 ad- ditional minutes.) Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WILLIAMS. I yield to the gen- tleman from New Mexico. CI 1740 Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. The implication that the gentleman is trying to leave is that this is not supported by a wide group of people and companies in the drug business, and that is not the case. I wanted to point that out to the gentleman. Mr. WILLIAMS. The American Pharmaceutical Association was founded in 1852, and it is the leader in the professional and scientific ad- vancement of this industry. This gets at the point of it. Of course, we want to protect America from a misuse of these drugs, but here is the association that is most impor- tant for this matter saying do not allow the lie-detector gadget to be used to protect America from these drugs, because it is no good. It is faulty. We use it now, and it does not work. It is part of the reason we have a hem- orrhaging in our industry. Instead, they want to come up with good per- sonnel practices. They want the re- spected official law enforcement agen- cies of the United States, the public agencies, to be investigating these matters, not the manager of Drug Fair. That is our problem now. We are trying to tighten up this hemorrhaging in America with regard to the illegal use of drugs, but I submit, and the American Pharmaceu- tical Association agrees, that contin- ued use of the lie detector will do the reverse of what the gentleman from New Mexico and others are trying to do here this evening. Mr. SHAW. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, I think that the gen- tleman who just spoke is missing the point. We are not here to represent the American Pharmaceutical Associa- tion or any other employer, and we are not here to look at strictly protecting the rights of the employee. We must not lose the big picture which is, if we are going to pass this bill, which I believe is ill-advised, that It has to be pared down to exempt cer- tain categories. We have done it earlier in areas that have security sensitivity by a very narrow vote. Now we are going to have an opportunity to do this again, and in casting your vote, do not talk about the American Pharmaceutical Associa- tion. Do not look at Dart Drug or Drug Fair, but look at the kids out there that are getting these drugs, the misguided drugs that are illegally coming onto the market and being di- verted. It is a big problem. The gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. Huoligs] said he did not think he could support this legislation without this very important amendment in it. Whereas I do not intend to support this legislation on final passage, we are very kindly cleaning it up and get- ting rid of some of the sensitive areas that must be addressed. The gentleman from Montana has made numerous references like it is a piece of witchcraft. It is not. Some 30 percent of the Fortune 500 companies in this country today use the polygraph test. It is not altogether correct, I know that; and there are some stopgaps and some guarantees that have to be put in it. The gentleman from Florida (Mr. YOUNG] will offer some of these pro- tections to the employee later which will make a very, very positive addition to what is going on here this evening. Addressing right now the amend- ment of the gentleman from New Mexico, the gentleman has pointed out a very important part of the econ- omy and commerce that must be made an exception to. Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. SHAW. I yield to the gentleman from New Mexico. Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. I want to point out here a statement in support of the amendment by the National Wholesale Druggists Associa- tion. Mr. SHAW. Mr. Chairman, in con- clusion I would certainly hope that if we are going to have a vote on this particular issue, that it be an over- whelming "yes" vote. We are going far beyond the rights of the employee at this particular point, and we are talking about the rights of America to be crime free and drug free as much as possible. H 9077 This is -11 very important amend- ment, an exception that I hope the Members will vote for. Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Speaker, in speaking of the Spanish Inquisition, the author of the novel "Captains from Castille" spoke of a situation where, "no one was too innocent to be proved guilty." I am thinking of an incident about a year ago when our incumbent Attor- ney General was before the other body for confirmation. It was determined that his official fi- nancial report, which he had filed and signed, was false. The issue was wheth- er it was consciously false or negligent- ly false. At that time some commentators suggested that Mr. Meese, being one of the leading advocates of the use of so-called polygraph or lie detector tests, take a dose of his own medicine, which might prove to be truth serum, in order that it be determined with some reliability whether his false fi- nancial statement was intentional or unintentional. If I recall correctly, Mr. Meese de- clined to submit to a polygraph test. That raises an interesting question. Did he decline to submit to the poly- graph test because he thought the test was unreliable, or did he refuse to submit to that test, because he thought it was reliable? Surely one must conclude one or the other. The Good Book tells us among the Ten Commandments, that thou shall not bear false witness. I wonder if that only applies to humans, or also to the contraptions humans have contrived to manufacture. If this mechanism is unreliable, and If we assume the honesty of our own Attorney General, we must assume that in his opinion the test is unreli- able, then one must ask, how does it suddenly become reliable simply be- cause it is drug abuse which one is trying to detect. If a chicken cannot fly across the Ohio River to read poetry does it not follow then that a chicken cannot fly across the Ohio River to read prose? If a Member is among those who be- lieve that the polygraph test is inher- ently unreliable?as our courts have repeatedly held?how do drugs make it reliable? If, on the other hand, a Member be- lieves that it is reliable, then why not apply it to the detection of all crimes? It is important to me that controlled substances not be put to illicit use. But that is not the issue here. The issue is whether the polygraph which the courts say is unreliable is somehow made reliable by a vote of the Con- gress. One is reminded of the City Council which passed an ordinance which said, "Henceforth and hereafter pigeons shall not light on city hall." Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 11 9578 If this polygraph machine is unreli- able, can an act by the Congress make it reliable? No. Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JAC013S. I yield to the gentle- man from New Jersey. Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Chairman. I thank the gentleman for yielding to me. I thank the gentleman for the gen- tleman's statement, and I do not agree with the gentleman with regard to the use of the lie detector, the polygraph as a tool in law enforcement; but I would suggest that the gentleman would have problems with the bill, be- cause the bill carves out exceptions for government, law enforcement, intelli- gence-gathering. Mr. JACOBS. I would suggest, all of the Members should have problems with the logic discussed in the last couple of hours here. I think this is definitely a cue for consistency. Either the gun shoots bul- lets or blanks. It it shoots bullets, ft may be useful; and if it shoots blanks and impugns the reputation of a thor- oughly honest citizen, which I assume Mr. Memo considers himself to be when he did not take the test, then it is not useful. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman. I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. GUNDERSON asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman. I rise, first of all, to respond to the gen- tleman from Montana, who suggests that somehow because the American Pharmaceutical Association is opposed to this amendment, that it is a bad amendment. The fact is that the Drug Enforce- ment Administration estimates that the employees are stealing between 500,000 to more than 1 million doses of dangerous drugs per year. And let us be very blunt about it. It is the American Pharmaceutical Association that apparently has some of their employees, not the maJoritY, but some of their employees who are probably stealing those drugs who do not want to be subject to a lie-detector test. That is why they have taken that position. The pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors are in favor of it. Look as well at what the gentleman from Montana said last year on the floor of the House when we considered this legislation. He stood up before the House and said. "Likewise, the bill before us pro- vides exemptions for those private businesses that directly Impact on our national security or public health. We will be accepting amendments to pro- vide other exemptions regarding dap, gerous drugs, security guards, and the protection of electric and nuclear pow- erplants and public transportation. We will accept those amendments, because Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE they are s. matter of protecting the na- tional health and safety." That is what we are talking about in this particular amendment. We are talking about the fact that we need to protect the health and safety of our young children, as the gentleman from Florida stated. This is not a cure-all, but a tooL The amendment is very clear; and as the amendment by the gentleman from New Jersey says, when we are dealing with present employees, we make sure that testing is incident-specific, not random. And that harassment and other abuses are addressed. If we cannot pass this amendment, then we are suggesting that the so- called war on drugs that this Congress waged last year was just a joke. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentle- man from New Jersey (Mr. Humus) to the amendment offered by the gentle- man from New Mexico (Mr. RICHARD- SON,. The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentle- man from New Mexico [Mr. RICHARD- soN], as amended. The question was taken; and the Chairman announced that the ayes appeared to have it. RECORDED VOTE Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Chairman, I demand a recorded vote. A recorded vote was ordered. The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were?ayes 313, noes 105, not voting 15, as follows; Moll No. 4101 AYES-313 Akaks Carr Alexander Chandler Anderson Chapman Andrews Chappell Annunzio Cheney Anthony Clarke Archer Coats Anney Coble Aspin Coelho Dedham Coleman (MO) Baker Coleman (TX) Ballenger Combed Barnard Conte Bartlett Cooper Barton Coughlin Bateman Coulter Bennett Craig Bentley Dannenteyer Bereuter Darden Bevill Daub Bilbray Dans (IL) Bilirakis Davis (MI) Bliley de la Garza Boggs DeLay Boland Derrick Honker DeWine Borski Dickinson Bosco Disks - Bonner Dingell Brennan DioGuarill Broomfield Dixon Brown (CA) Donnelly Bryant Doman (ND) Buecimer Doman (CA) Bunning Dowdy Burton Dreier Hutment* Dwyer Byron Dyson Callahan Early Campbell Eckert Cardin Ethvards (OK) Carper liniarson English Erdreich INDY Pasoell Powell Fazio Peighan Fields Fish Flippo Florio Poley Ford (TN) Frenzel Frost Gallegly Gallo Gaydas Geku Gibbons Gilman Gingrich GliCkman Goodling Gordon Gradisce Great Gray (IL) Green Gregg Guarini Gunderson Hell (OH) inn (TX) Hamilton liammersclunidt Hansen Harris Hastert Hatcher Hayes (LA) Holley November 4, 1987 Hefner Mime Shumway Henry Mica Shuster Herger Michel fidiaky Hiler Miller (OH) Skeen Hochbrueckner Molinari Skelton Holloway Mollohan Slattery Hopkins Montgomery Slaughter (NY) Horton Moorhead Slaughter (VA) Houghton Morrison (WA) Smith (FL) Hubbard Wreak Smith (IA) Huckaby Murphy Smith (NE) Hughes Murtha Smith (NJ) Hunter Myers Smith (TX) Hutto Nagle Smith. Denny Hyde Watcher (OR) Inhofe Nelson Smith. Robert Ireland Nichols (NH) Jenkins Nielson Smith, Robert Johnson (SD) Nowak (OR) Jones (NC) Olin Snow* Jones (TN) Ortiz Solomon Kadorsid Oxley Spence Kasieh Packard Spratt Kleezka Panetta St Germain Kolbe Perris Staggers Kolter Pashayan Stallings Konnyu Patterson Stangeland Kyl Pepper Sienholre Lagomarsino Petri Stratton Lancaster Pickett Stump Lantos Pickle Sundquist Latta Porter Sweeney Leach (IA) Price (IL) Swindell Leath (TX) Price (NC) Talton Lent Pitmen Tat*. Lewis (CA) Quillen Terrain Lewis (FL) Rahall Taylor Lightfoot Ravenel Thomas (CA) Livingston Ray Thomas (GA) Lloyd Regula Torrieelli Lott Rhodes Tralleant Lowery (CA) Richardson Udall Lu Jan Rinaldo Upton Luken, Thomas Ritter Valentine Lukens, Donald Roberts Vander Jut Lungren Robinson Vollmer Mack Roe Vucanovich Madigan Rogers Walgren Marlene, Rose Walker Martin (IL) Rostenkowski Watkins Martin (NY) Roth Weber Martinez Roukema Weldon Mavroules Rowland (OA) Whittaker Mazzoli Saiki Whitten McCandless Sawyer Wilson McCollum Saxton Wise McCurdy Schaefer Wolf McDade Scheuer Wortley McEwen Schneider Wylie McGrath Schroeder Yatron McHugh Schuette Young (AK) McMillan (NC) Schulze Yaws (FL) McMillen (MD) Sensenbrenner Meyers Shaw NOES-105 Ackerman Hawidas OWNS (NY) Applegate Hayes (IL) Pease Atkins Hertel Pelosi AuCoin Boyer Penny Bates Jacobs Perkins Bellenson Jeffords Rangel Berman Johnson (CT) Ridge Boehlert Janie Rodin, Bonior Kastenmeier Rowland (CT) Boucher Kennedy Roybal Boxer Kennelly Rumo Brooks =dee Sabo Bruce Kostmayer Savage Clay Laraine lechume.r Clinger Lehman (CA) Shays Collins Lehman (FL) Sikorald Conyers Leland Skaggs Coyne Levin (Ml) Solara Crockett Levine (CA) Stark DePazio Lewis (GA) Stokes Delltzrns Lowry (WA) Studds Downey Manton Swift Durbin Marker ersz Dyraally Matsui Tones Edwards (CA) McCloskey Towns Evans Miller (CA) Trader Rake Miller (WA) Vents Foglietta Mind& Yin:Wm Ford (MI) Moakley WILICIIMI Prank Moody Weiss Garcia Morella Wheat Geidenson Morrison (CT) mama= Gonzalez Neal Wane Grandy Oberstar Wyden Gray (PA) Obey Yates Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 NOT VOTING-15 Blase Gephardt MacKay Brown (C)) Howard Oskar Crane Kaptur Owens (UT) Daniel Kemp Roemer Duncan Lipinski Sharp 0 1810 Messrs. EDWARDS of California, CLINGER, BOYER, ROYBAL, WAXMAN, OBEY, 1VLANTON, HERTEL, and RUSSO changed their votes from "aye" to "no." Messrs. MARTINEZ, MAVROULES, and ROBINSON changed their votes from "no" to "aye." So the amendment, as amended, was agreed to. The result of the vote was an- nounced as above recorded. AMENDMENTS OFFERED ST MR. GUNDERSON Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I offer several amendments. The Clerk read as follows: Amendments offered by Mr. GUNDERSON: Page 8, after line 13, insert the following new subsection: (d) EXEMPTION FOR ONGOING INVESTIGA- TIoNs.--Subject to section 7, this Act shall not prohibit any employer from requesting an employee to submit to a lie detector test If? (1) the test is administered in connection with any ongoing investigation of criminal or other misconduct involving, or potential- ly involving, significant loss or injury to the employer's business; (2) the employee had access to any person or property which is the subject of the in- vestigation; and (3) the employer has a reasonable suspi- don that the employee was involved in the incident or activity under investigation. Page 8, after line 13, insert the following new sections (and redesignate succeeding sections accordingly): SEC.?. RESTRICTIONS ON EXEMPTIONS. (a) OBLIGATION TO COMPLY WITH CERTAIN LAWS AND Acazzsourrs.?Any exemption pro- vided under section 6 (other than subsec- tions (a), (b), and (c) of such section) shall not diminish an employer's obligation to comply with? (1) applicable State and local law, and (2) any negotiated collective bargaining agreement, which limit or prohibit the use of lie detector tests on such employees. (b) TEST MAY NOT BE SOLIS BASIS FOR AD- VERSE EMPLOYMENT ACTION.?Any such ex- emption shall not apply unless the employer can demonstrate that the results of an anal- ysis of lie detector charts are not used as the sole basis upon which an employee or prospective employee is discharged, dis- missed, disciplined in any manner, or denied employment or promotion. (c) Morn or ExAltruism?Such exemp- tions shall not apply unless the require- ments described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) are met. (1) PRETEST PHASIL?During the pretest phase the prospective examinee? (A) is provided with reasonable written notice of the date, time, and location of the test, and of such examinee's right to obtain and consult with legal counsel throughout all phases of the test; (B) is not subjected to prolonged interro- gation; (C) is informed of the nature and charac- teristics of the tests and of the instruments involved; (D) is informed in writing as to whether (1) the testing area contains a two-way mirror, a camera, or any other device CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE through which the test can be observed, or (II) the test will involve any other device, in- cluding any device for recording or monitor- ing the conversation; (E) is informed of such examinee's privi- lege against self-incrimination under the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States; (F) is provided an opportunity to review all questions (technical or relevant) to be asked during the test and is informed of the right to terminate the test at any time; (CH signs a notice informing such examin- ee of? (I) the limitations imposed under this sec- tion; and (11) the legal rights and remedies available to the examinee if the lie detector test is not conducted in accordance with this Act. (2) ACTUAL TESTING PHASE.?During the actual testing phase? (A) the examinee is not asked any ques- tions by the examiner concerning? (I) religious beliefs or affiliations; (Ii) beliefs or opinions regarding racial matters; (iii) political beliefs or affiliations; (iv) any matter relating to sexual behavior or any sexual behavior of such employee or prospective employee, unless sexual behav- ior is specifically related to job performance or inquiry into such behavior is required under State law; and (v) beliefs, affiliations, or opinions regard- ing unions or labor organizations; (B) the examinee is permitted to termi- nate the test at any time; (C) the examiner does not ask such exam- inee any question (technical or relevant) during the test which was not presented in writing for review to such extuninee before the test; (D) the examiner does not ask technical questions of the examinee in a manner which is designed to embarrass, degrade, or needlessly intrude upon the examinee; and (E) the examiner does not conduct a test on an examinee who, in the opinion of the examiner, is inhibited from responding co- herently to the test because of? (I) mental or physical fatigue, (ii) undue emotional stress or intoxication due to excessive use of alcohol, sedatives, stimulants, or tranquilizers, (iii) addiction to narcotics, (iv) known mental disorder, or (v) significant physical discomfort or physical disability that, in and of itself, might cause abnormal responses during the test. (3) POST-TEST PHASE.?During the post-test phase, the examinee? (A) is further interviewed on the basis of the results of the test; and (B) is provided with a written copy of? (i) any opinion and conclusion rendered as a result of the test, OD questions asked during the test, Pre- sented along with the corresponding charted responses, and (iii) upon the request of the employee, a written description of the incident or activi- ty in connection with which the test is ad- ministered. (d) QUALIFICATIONS OF EXAM/MM.?Such exemptions shall not apply unless the indi- vidual who conducts the lie detector test? (1) is at least twenty-one years of age; (2) is a citizen of the United States; (3) is a person of good moral character; (4) has complied with all required laws and regulations established by licensing and regulatory authorities in the State in which the test is to be conducted; (5)(A) has successfully completed a formal training course regarding the use of lie de- tector tests that has been approved by the H 9579 State in which the test is to be conducted or by the Secretary of Labor; and (B) has completed a lie detector test in- ternship of not leas than 6 months duration under the direct supervbdon of an examiner who has met the requirements of this sec- tion; (6) maintains a minimum of 860,000 bond- ing or an equivalent amount of professional liability coverage; (7) uses an instrument that records con- tinuously, visually, permanently, and simul- taneously changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory, and electrodermal patterns as minimum instrumentation standards; (8) bases an opinion of deception indicated upon evaluation of changes in physiological activity or reactivity in the cardiovascular, respiratory, and electrodermal patterns on the lie detector charts (9) renders any opinion or conclusion re- garding the test? (A) in writing and solely on the basis of an analysis of the lie detector charts; (B) which does not contain information other than admissions, information, case facts, and interpretation of the charts rele- vant to the purpose and stated objectives of the test; and (C) which does not include any recommen- dation concerning the employment of the examinee; (10) does not conduct and complete more than 6 lie detector tests on the calendar day on which the teat is given and does not con- duct any such test for less than a 90-minute duration; and (11) maintains all opinions, reports, charts, written questions, lists, and other records relating to the test for a minimum period of 2 years after administration of the test. SEC. 8. DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION. (a) IN Ogrizam..?A person, Other than the examinee, may not disclose information ob- tained during a lie detector test, except as provided in this section. (b) Pourirrzn Drectosnass.?A polygraph examiner, polygraph trainee, or employee of a polygraph examiner may disclose informa- tion acquired from a lie detector test only to? (1) the examinee or any other person spe- cifically designated in writing by the exam- inee; (2) the employer that requested the test; Or (3)(A) any person or any governmental agency that requested the test, or (B) any person, as required by due process of law, who obtained a warrant to obtain such information in a court of competent jurisdiction. (c) DiscLosuas BY Eurr.oust.?An employ- er (other than an employer covered under section 6(a), 6(b), or 6(c), for whom a lie de- tector test is conducted may disclose infor- mation from the teat only to a person de- scribed in subsection (b). Page 8. strike lines 16 through 22, and in- sert the following: (1) the term "lie detector test" includes? (A) any examination involving the use of any polygraph, deceptograph, voice stress analyzer, psychological stress evaluator, or any other similar device (whether mechani- cal or electrical) which is used, or the re- sults of which are used, for the purpose of rendering a diagnostic opinion regarding the honesty of an individual; and (B) the testing phases described in para- graphs (1), (2), and (3) of section 7(c); Page 9, line 2, strike "and". Page 9, line 5, strike the period and insert a semicolon. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 11 9580 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Page 9, after line 5, insert the following new subsections: (4) the term "relevant question" (means any lie detector teat question which pertains directly to the matter under hmestigstion with respect to which the examinee is being tested; and (5) the term "technical gumption" means any control. symptomatic, or neutral ques- tion which, although not relevant, is de- signed to be used as a measure against which relevant respomes may be measured. Mr. GUNDERSON (during the read- ing). Mr. Chairman, 1 ask unanimous consent that the amendments he con- sidered en bloc, considered as read. and printed in the RECORD. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Wisconsin? There was no objection. (Mr. GUNDERSON asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman. the amendment that is now before the House is an amendment that is being offered by myself and the gentleman from Texas [Mr. Surrniourl jointly. This amendment will provide and allow the use of the polygraph for in- vestigative testing of current employ- ees. / want to make it very clear that what we are trying to do with this par- ticular amendment is respond both to the legitimate needs of American busi- ness and industry and at the same time deal with the overuse and abuse of the polygraph. How do we do that? First of all, at least 75 percent of all polygraph tests in this country are used for preem- ployment screening. I think most people will agree that perhaps the big- gest concern over the polygraph is that It is used so extensively in preem- ployment. When used for preemploy- ment screening, the polygraph is First, intimidating; and, No. 2, it tends to be the sole determinant of whether the job applicant is or is not hired or of- fered that job. Yet, as we go through the long litany of concerns here today, we talk about the climb of the exam's use in business. The amendment before us. as I indi- cated, tries to respond to the particu- lar concerns that I think many people have raised with regard to this legisla- tion that is now before us. The amend- ment does so in a way that does not handicap or absolutely handcuff the ability of business and industry in this country to deal with the legitimate threat of internal theft and crimes within industry in this country. First of all there is great concern about whether or not the polygraph exami- nation is ever accurate. I will point out that the scientific evidence clearly suggests, and the Office of Technology Assessment study indicates that the polygraph shows meaningful scientific evidence of validity when it is focused in the area of investigations of specific criminal activity. That is exactly what this amend- ment focuses upon doing. 0 1820 In addition to that, the amendment assures the fair conduct of polygraph testing by providing strict regulations on such testing that will guarantee that any polygraph examination that Is used under this act will protect not only the rights of the employer but equally the rights of the employee. So the legislation before us is what I would call the perfect middle ground. No. 1, it eliminates the abuse, No. 2, It eliminates the majority of the exams. Over 75 percent of the exams would be eliminated or not allowed with this particular amendment, and yet it also would be consistent with current gov- ernment policies?saying if we are going to allow the use of the poly- graph in specific incidents and specific cases here within the Federal Govern- ment, we would do the same in the pri- vate sector. Mr. Chairman, I want to point out to my colleagues in closing that this amendment probably has broader sup- port from the outside community than any other amendment that has been offered earlier today or will be offered from here on out. It is endorsed by the American Retail Federation which consists of 24 different groups, by the National Mass Retailing Institute, the Food Marketing Institute. the Nation- al Grocers Association, the National Association of Chain Drug Stores, and the National Retail Merchants Asso- ciation. I would also point out to my col- leagues on the other side of the aisle that they should be aware that many people in the other body. including Senator Kmrserny, believe that this ap- proach may be the proper middle ground. It bans the use of the poly- graph for preemployment testing, but it clearly allows the use of the poly- graph, not as the sole tool, but as one of many investigatory tools once a person is on the job, there is a specific incident, where that person is under reasonable suspicion, and yea, only when that person has a work history already on board. I would encourage my colleagues to accept and support this particular amendment. It will make the legisla- tion in front of us much, much better. I would also suggest it would en- hance the chances of enactment a great deal. Mr. STENHOLM. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word, and I rise In support of the amendment. (Mr. STENHOLM asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. STENHOLM. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support Of this amendment and strongly urge my colleagues to vote for the ClundersOn-Stenholm amendment. If my colleagues are looking today for an amendment that is moderate and measured, that takes a thoughtful and circumspect approach, that maxi- mises the potential for beneficial poly- graph testing while preventing abuses November 4, 1.987 and careless procedures, this, Mr. Chairman, is that amendment. Far from offering a simple, hostile amendment, we are proposing changes that solve many of the problems cre- ated by the shotgun approach taken by H.R. 1212 and more than adequate- ly address the problems that motivat- ed the underlying bill. I commend my friend, STEVE Ou'ingaiSON, for his hard work and his thoroughness in develop- ing this amendment. This amendment removes the ran- domness that the bill's supporters have attacked. We would allow testing that relates only to a specific incident of theft, criminal activity, or other misconduct, and would affect only those employees under reasonable sus- picion of involvement. In other words, rather than use as a prehire, screening device, our amend- ment focuses on testing as an investi- gative device relating only to current employees. Moreover, Congress' own Office of Technology Assessment has found that the accuracy and reliability of polygraph testing increases marked- ly with incident-specific applications. And there are ample regulatory pro- tections in our amendment to prevent the investigative device train going too far. First, irrelevant personal questions are prohibited, such as those relating to religious, political, union, or other affiliation. All questions must pertain to the misconduct being investigated. Employees would be counseled in ad- vance on exactly what questions would be asked what procedure would be used, and how the testing equipment works. Employees would be provided Imme- diately with a copy and discussion of test results and guaranteed complete confidentiality. To guarantee that all testing is done in a thorough and deliberate manner, each test must last at least 90 minutes and no more than six tests could be administered Ins single (bLy by an ex- aminer. Finally. unlike H.R. 1212. which ar- bitrarily second-guesses those State legislatures that do not find a total polygraph ban to be in the public in- terest, the Gundesson43tenhohn amendment is a minimum standard? and a high-minimum standard, at that?and would not preempt States from enacting stricter laws. Thisamendment goes much more than halfway toward meeting the con- cerns raised by supporters of H.R. 1212. At the same time, it would do much to allow the reasonable and con- structive use of polygraph tests to con- tinue protecting the property and per- sonal safety of innocent individuals. Mr. GRANDY. Mr. Chairman. I move to strike the requisite number of words and I rise in support of the amendment Mr. Chairman, this is the only amendment that / intend to support today, and I would like to speak to Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9581 those colleagues who are inclined to perhaps be somewhat questionable about the outcome of H.R. 1212, who are concerned about the polygraph from the worker point of view and from the businessman's point of view. It seems to me this is the only amendment that strikes a balance. Prior to my addressing the Chamber, Mr. Chairman, a Member asked does this amendment penalize the worker In any way. One only has to read as far as line 3 to see that the employer must request an employee to submit to a test. A Member asked me does this mean he will be fined if he does not. It does not mean that. The employee is pro- tected here. But I would say this: The Americn Medical Association, which does not support Young-Darden, which sup- ports H.R. 1212, has said that it will not support the polygraph in industry or in the Federal agencies as a preem- ployment test.. In the same article it said the follow- ing: "Criminal investigations has often benefited from polygraph usage be- cause the investigator can focus on the Incident in question, using it as the basis for selecting relevant and con- trolled questions in the application of the test, in the full knowledge that the detection of deception will not be absolutely accurate." Nobody is argu- ing that It will be, but it is closer to ac- curacy than we will come otherwise. It Is a management tool, one among many. I encourage colleagues that have not supported any of the amendments and will continue to vote against the ex- emptions to vote for Gunderson-Sten- holm. It provides an option to serve your business constituency and to not compromise the civil rights of Ameri- can workers. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the amendment. My colleagues, let us be certain as to what this amendment does. It allows every employer in the United States to require their employee to take a lie de- tector test when that employee says that there has been some incident or other in that business. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield on that point? Mr. WILLIAMS. I yield to the gen- tleman from Wisconsin. Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, I am only going to ask the gentleman to read lines 2 and 3. That is absolutely not correct. "This amendment shall not prohibit an employer from re- questing an employee to submit to a lie detector test." There is absolutely no mandate in this amendment. That is very, very important, and I appreci- ate the gentleman yielding. Mr. WILLIAMS. Let me ask the author of the amendment, in case I misread his amendment, first, if he disagrees that this covers every single employee In the United States postin- cident? Mr. GUNDERSON. Absolutely. Mr. WILLIAMS. It does cover every employee in the United States? Mr. GUNDERSON. If there is an in- cident; and there is no random testing. There has to be a specific crime. Mr. WILLIAMS. In every industry with no exceptions? Mr. GUNDERSON. That is correct. Mr. WILLIAMS. Then I have a second question. Mr. GUNDERSON. With one excep- tion, if the gentleman will yield, with one exception. We do not preempt any State laws. Do not forget there are 41 States that have adopted their own legislation. Mr. WILLIAMS. Yes; that has been true in every amendment that has been offered, of course. So what the gentleman is taking exception to is my Indication that an employer can man- date the test to the employee? The employee can Bay I will not take the test. Does the gentleman's amend- ment then protect that employee's job? Mr. GUNDERSON. Sure it does, be- cause we do not allow the lie detector to be the sole determinant. Therefore a refusal to take a lie detector test cannot be the basis on which one is dismissed. Mr. WILLIAMS. I do not see the lan- guage Where the gentleman disallows an employer from firing an employee who refuse to take the test. Mr. GUNDERSON. The gentleman ean certainly see the lanugage on sole determinant because that is on page 2, and it states that the test may not be the sole basis for adverse employment action. It also puts the burden of proof on the employer. Mr. WILLIAMS. I appreciate the gentleman's explanation. So let us understand it now, an em- ployer can request, mind you, of their employee, every employee in America, request them to take the lie detector test on any incident. The incident, niind you, does not have to be report- ed to the pollee. The incident, in fact. does not have to involve loss or injury to the employer, only potential loss or injury. So do my colleagues see what is hap- pening? Every employer in America, if this passes, can claim an incident has happened. They do not have to report it to the police. It does not have to become an official act on the part of the employer. They do not even have to demonstrate that the incident took place or that ft created a loss to the employer, but they can say we would like you to volunteer. I admit the gen- tleman has that in the amendment, we would like you all to volunteer to take this lie detector test. Would my colleagues want to be the one employee in America that does not agree to volunteer? This opens this bill as wide, wider, than any amendment which has yet been offered, and I urge my colleagues to oppose it. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendments offered by the gen, tleman from Wisconshi (Mr. Gertallis- SON]. The question was taken; and the Chairman announced that the noes appeared to have it. RECORDED VOTE Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Chairman, / demand a recorded vote. A recorded vote was ordered. The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were?ayes WI, noes 220, not voting It as follows: moll No. 4111 AYES-191 Anderson Hansen Archer Hastert Badham Hatcher Baker Hayes (LA) Ballenger Hefley Barnard Henry Bartlett Herger Barton Hiler Bateman Holloway Bentley Hopkins Bereuter Houghton Bilirakis Hubbard Bliley Huckaby Boulter Hughes Broomfield Hunter Buechner Hutto Bunning Hyde Burton Inhofe Byron Ireland Callahan Jeffords Campbell Johnson (CT) Chandler Jones (NC) Chapman Jones (TN) Chappell Kasich Cheney Kolbe Clarke Konnyu Clinger Kyl Coats Lagoinarsine Coble Lancaster Coleman (MO) Latta Combest Leath (TX) Cooper Lent Courter Lewis (CA) Craig Lewis (FL) Dannemeyer Lightfoot Darden Livinpteo Daub Lloyd de la Garza Lott DeLay Lowery (CA) Derrick Lujan DeWirle Luken. Thomas Dickinson Lukens. Deciald DioGuardi Lungren Dorgan (ND) Mack Dornan (CA) MacKay Dreier Madigan Durbin Marlenee Edwards (OK) Martin (IL) Martin (NT) McCandless McCollum McCurdy McEwen McGrath McMillan (NC) Mica Michel Miller (OH) Molinari Montgomery htoorhead Morrison (WA) Nelson Emerson English Powell Fields Fish Frenzel GalleglY Gallo Gekas Gingrich doodling Gradison Grandy Grant Gregg Gunderson Nichols Hall (OH) Nielson Hall (TX) Oxley Harnmerschmidt Packard NOES-220 Ackerman AuCoin Akaka Bates Alexander Beilenson Andrews Bennett Annunzio Berman Anthony Bevill Applegate Bilbray Aspin Boehlert Atkins Boggs Parris Pashayan Patterson Petri Pickett Porter Pursell Quillen Raven.' Ray Regula Rhodes Ritter Roberts Rogers Roth Roukema Rowland (GA) Saiki Saxton Schaefer Schuette Schulze Sensenbrenner Shaw Shureway Shuster Sisisky Skeen Slaughter(VA) Smith (NE) Smith (TX) Smith, Denny (OR) Smith. Robert (NH) Smith, Robert (OR) Solomon Spence Sprott Stangeland Stenizoint Stratton Stump Sundquist Sweeney Swindell Tallon Tauzin Taylor Thomas (CA) Thomas (GA) Upton Valentine Vander Jest Vollmer Vuesnovich Walker Weber Weldon Whittaker Wolf Wadies Wylie Young (FL) Boland Bonior Banker - Borski Bono Boucher Boxer Brennan Brooks Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9582 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Brown (CA) Horton Price (IL) Bruce Hoyer Price (NC) Bryant Jacobs Rattail Bustamtude Jenkins Rangel Cardin Johnson (SD) Richardson Carper Jontz Ridge Carr Kanjorski Rinaldo Clay Kasteruneler Robinson Coelho Kennedy Rodino Coleman (TX) Kennelly Roe Collins Kildee Rose Conte Kleczka Rostenkowski Conyers Kolter Rowland (CT) Coyne Kostmayer Roybal Crockett Lank* Russo Davis (IL) Lantos Sabo Davis (MI) Leach (IA) Savage DeFazio Lehman (CA) Sawyer Dellums Lehman (PL) Scheuer Dicks Leland Schneider Dingell Levin (MI) Schumer Dixon Levine (CA) Shays Donnelly Lewis (GA) Sikorski Dowdy Lowry (WA) Skaggs Downey Manton Skelton Dwyer Markey Slattery DYmallY Martinez Slaughter (NY) Dyson Matsui Smith (FL) Early Mavroules Smith (IA) Eckart Marmon Smith (NJ) Edwards (CA) McCloskey Snowe Erdreich McDade Solaris Espy McHugh St Germain Evans McMillen (MD) Staggers Fascell Meyers Stallings Fazio Mfume Stark Feighan Miller (CA) Stokes Flake Miller (WA) Studds Flippo Mineta Swift Florio Moakley Synar Foglietta Mollohan Tauke Foley Moody Torres Ford (MI) Morella Torricelli Ford (TN) Morrison (CT) Towns Frank Mrazek Tralicant Frost Murphy Traxler Garcia Murtha Udall Gaydos Myers Vento Gejdenson Nagle Visclosky Gibbons Matcher Walgren Gilman Neal Watkins Glickman Nowak Waxman Gonzales Dakar Weiss Gordon Oberstar Wheat Gray (IL) Obey Whitten Gray (PA) Olin Williams Green Ortiz Wilson Guarini Owens (NY) Wise Hamilton Panetta Wolpe Harris Pease Wyden Hawkins Pelosi Yates Hayes (IL) Penny Yatron Hefner Pepper Young (AK) Hertel Perkins Hochbrueckner Pickle Armey Biaggi Brown (CO) Coughlin Crane Daniel NOT VOTING-16 Duncan Gephardt Howard Kaptur Kemp Lipinski Owens (UT) Roemer Schroeder Sharp 0 1835 Mr. TALLON changed his vote from "no" to So the amendments were rejected. The result of the vote was an- nounced as above recorded. AMENDMENT OFFERED BY M. BARTLETT Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. The Clerk read as follows: Amendment offered by Mr. Bswn.arr: On page 7, line 1, strike "United States Govern- ment," and insert in lieu thereof the follow- ing: "United States Government, except for the Congress of the United States insofar as it is engaged in functions not directly relat- ed to national security as determined by such Congress,". Mr. ACKERMAN (during the read- ing). Mr. Chairman, I reserve the right to object. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, a point of order. There is no unanimous- consent request before the House. Mr. ACKERMAN'. Mr. Chairman, I make a point of order that the amend- ment is not germane. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman's request will be addressed at the proper time as soon as the Clerk has reported the amendment. The Clerk will read. The Clerk concluded the reading of the amendment,. Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I reserve a point of order on the amend- ment. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment that would essen- tially unexempt Congress as an em- ployer from the exemption that is in this bill. This bill provides a prohibi- tion of the use of polygraph examina- tions in all cases for all employers in private industry within this bill, in all cases whether it is preemployment or postemployment. This bill however exempts Congress as an employer and would say?the irony of the bill today is that it would say that even though we would pro- hibit nursing home operators from using a polygraph examination as a screening tool ,or as a determinate device, even though we would prohibit other industries in other sensitive areas from the same thing, such as day care centers and others, we would continue to permit Congress as an em- ployer to use a polygraph in preem- ployment screening and in post-em- ployment-incident testing. Now this issue came up earlier in the debate and it was during the debate that several examples of polygraphs that are used by Congress as an em- ployer were interjected into the debate, at which point the sponsor of the legislation, the very honorable gentleman from Montana, announced that he would support the inclusion of Congress in this prohibition so as to prohibit Congress also from using the polygraph. 0 1900 The sponsor of the bill, however, had not included that prohibition of Congress in his original bill. So the House by its vote tonight will be able to include the prohibition of the use of the polygraph on Congress as an employer, just the same as we would prohibit all other employers in the country from using the polygraph. Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BARTLETT. I yield to the gen- tleman from Pennsylvania, who origi- nally brought this subject to the at- tention of the House. Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman for yielding. Do I understand correctly now that if we pass the bill in the form that it is November 4, 1987 at present, we will be specifically saying that while employers cannot use polygraph techniques, we in Con- gress will be able to continue to use them just as we are now using them in the Capitol Police force in order to interview applicants and check their applications? Is that the gentleman's understanding? Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman is correct. Indeed we could and no doubt would continue to use the polygraph in the House restaurant system, in our offices, and for commit- tee staff and for other locations. Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield further? Mr. BARTLETT. I yield further to the gentleman from Pennsylvania. Mr. WALKER So we will have made a decision as a Congress that nursing home operators cannot use it, but in our House restaurant system or in our Capitol Police force we can use it. It will be one more case where the hy- procrisy of Congress would be very evi- dent, that we require Of others that which we are not willing to do on our own? Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman is correct. Mr. WALKER Mr. Chairman, I find that most disturbing, and I find it very disturbing based upon the discussion that the gentleman mentioned, that we would now have a point of order raised against this amendment, be- cause what we have now is another sit- uation where, while during debate the sponsors of the legislation indicate, "Oh, yes,, that sounds like a wonderful idea," they have this nice little gim- mick of points of order, and the major- ity then comes back and says, "Oh, but I'm sorry, you can't offer that par- ticular amendment." I find it very disturbing that we will find ways to make certain that Con- gress is exempted from that which we are requiring of the rest of the coun- try. Mr. BARTLETT. The gentleman is correct. I have served on the Educa- tion and Labor Committee now for 5 years, and what happens is that when we have a bill in Congress that applies to employers, either I or someone on the committee offers an amendment to apply that provision to Congress as an employer, and that amendment is ruled nongermane because it is not within our committee's jurisdiction. So we bring the bill onto the floor, and when that amendment is within the jurisdiction of the Congress as a whole, then we are told, "No, you can't offer that amendment because it has to go through the comnittee." So it is not germane in the committee because it has not gone to the floor, and it is not germane on the floor because it has not gone to the committee. The gentleman is correct. This is not the first time that has happened. It is a catch-22 kind of trick to make sure that Congress exempts itself from all the laws we pass for everyone else. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield further? POINTS OF 011DER Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Chair- man, I have a point of order. The gentlemen are engaged in their own colloquy over there. They are not addressing the point of order. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Pond will state his point of order. Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Chair- man, the gentlemen are out of order. They are not addressing the point of order. They are have an interesting discussion on the practices and proce- dures of the House. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has failed to note that no point of order has been interjected. Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Chair- man. the point of order has been re- served, and the gentleman was asked to explain his language. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas (Mr. Baarterrl, the author of the amendment, has yielded to the gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. WALKER] during his 5-minute ex- planation of the amendment. Mr. FORD of Michigan. The Chair does not recognize that there is a res- ervation of a point of order pending at this time? The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York (Mr. ACKERMAN] is standing on his feet with his reserva- tion. Nevertheless he has not inter- posed a point of order as yet. He has merely reserved a point of order. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, given the hour, I yield back the bal- ance of my time. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas (Mr. BARTLETT] yields back the balance of his time, and the Chair will inquire, does the gentleman from New York (Mr. ACKERMAN] Still wish to reserve his point of order? Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman. I will state my point of order. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will hear the gentleman. 0 1905 Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I wish to pursue my point of order. It appears to me that the amend- ment is not germane, because it broad- ens the scope of the coverage to Gov- ernment employees: and at the present time, the bill only covers the Private sector. The CHAIRMAN. Has the gentle- man concluded his statement? Mr. ACKERMAN. It is as simple as that, Mr. Chairman. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle- man from Texas wish to be heard on the point of order? Mr. BARI'LETT. Mr. Chairman, I do wish to be heard on the point of order. Mr. Chairman. I would cite in the rules of the House in section 10.10 on page 579 the rule of the House that states the following: "To a bill extending benefits to a certain class of employees, an amend- ment to extend those benefits to an additional category of employees within that class is germane"--is ger- mane. Mr. Chairman, my amendment takes the bill which extends to a class of em- ployees which is cited in the definition in the bill on page 6, line 23, defining the term "employer" as all employers. The sponsor of the bill listed the language directly out of the Fair Labor Standards Act amendments which includes all employers in this country, public and private alike. I then would extend under rule 10.10 an amendment to extend those bene- fits to an additional category of em- ployees within the class that is con- tained in the bill. Mr. Chairman, I have an additional point as to why the amendment is in order in addition to the first one in this form: and that is that this amend- ment is to section 6, the exemptions. The bill has established a class of employees of all employees, and then exempted all Government employees from that class. I would then very narrowly remove a portion of the exemption as the cate- gory within the class that is being ex- empted, so if the bill exempts all Gov- ernment employees, then the Congress can remove part of that exemption. Either the exemption section is out of order, or my amendment is out of order. Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I wish to be heard on the point of order. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle- man from New York wish to be heard further on the point of order? Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, the operative words that we just heard here were not employees but rather "class of employees." As described in the proposed legisla- tion, the class pertains to private- sector employees, thereby exempting the entire class of public-sector em- ployees. Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I wish to be heard on the point of order. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Pennsylvania Is recognized for that purpose. Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, / would hope the point of order would not be sustained. If the Chair will examine the bill, the Chair will find in section 6 of the bill that there is indeed an exemption for all Government employees, and this was done to make certain the bill was sent only to the Committee on Education and Labor. On page 7 of the bill, the Chair would find under part (2), (AXI) any individual employed by, or assigned or detailed to, the National Security Agency or the Central Intelligence Agency: and in the bill itself they begin the process of defining certain Government employees. The only people who can be em- ployed by or particularly detailed are a class of certain Government employ- ees, so in this bill we have defined eer- 9583 thin Government employees that we single out for special treatment. All the gentleman from Texas is doing is singling out another group of people who the gentleman Is saying should not be exenipted, so therefore, because the bill was broadened by the language on page 7, it is this gentle- man's interpretation that the Chair should rule against the point of order raised by the gentleman from New York, because the bill already classi- fies Government employees in the same way that the gentleman from Texas seeks to classify Government employees. TheCHAIRMAN. Does the gentle- man from New York wish to further discuss the point of order? Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I call for the ruling of the Chair. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will inform the gentleman from New York that that is within the discretion of the Chair, and the Chair is most anx- ious to get all aspects of the argu- ments on the point of order. Does the gentleman from Texas wish to be heard further? Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I rely on the fairness of the Chair, and the fairness of my fellow Texan. What constitutes a class, I call to the Chair's attention page 3, section 3, lines 2 and 3 of the bill, in which the bill clearly establishes the class of em- ployers that are covered. The class of employers that are cov- ered is established by the following one eentenee: "It shall be unlawful for any em- ployer engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce ? ? The bill then later narrows, or takes that class and removes one category of that class. Therefore, my amendment Is in order, because it applies to the same class that the bill covers; that is, any employer engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for com- merce. I rest on the Chairman's good judg- ment. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle- man from New York have any addi- tional remarks by way of argument? Mr. ACKERMAN. We await the de- cision of the Chair. The CHAIRMAN (Mr. GONZALEZ). The Chair has carefully evaluated the arguments, having anticipated the same, and wishes to state that with reference to the citation that the gen- tleman from Texas (Mr. BARTLETT] re- ferred to, section 10.16 chapter 28 of the Procedures in the Rime, the gen- tleman did not emphasise, and the Chair will read, "to a bill extending benefits to a certain class of employ- ees, an amendment to extend those benefits to an additional category of employees within that chum is ger- mane." Obviously, the Chair cannot select a narrow reading of one port of the bill, as the gentleman from Texas has just Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9584 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 done, but must consider the bill as a whole. In doing so, we find that both the thrust of the bill, as well as the report accompanying the bill explaining the bill, clearly define the range and scope of coverage to the private sector. In the case of exemptions as put forth on page 14 of the report, section 6 exempts all governmental employers, whether Federal, State, local or a po- litical subdivision. This section consistent with this ex- emption also provides a rule of con- struction with respect to private-sector employers doing counterintelligence or intelligence work with the CIA, DOD, DOE atomic energy defense activities, FBI and NSA. Clearly, the committee was trying to stay within the limits of its jurisdic- tion by attempting to legislate for the private sector employer/employee, and trying to stay within the limita- tions imposed by prior legislation by the Congress in which it had legislated with respect to the Defense Depart- ment, intelligence community and the like, so therefore, the Chair is pre- pared to rule that in light of the fact that intentionally, or unintentionally, the amendment of the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BARTLETT] would in effect do by indirection what cannot be done by direction, and therefore, is not in keeping with Jefferson's Manual and the citations following the germaneness rules, as well as Deschler's procedure, chapter 28, sec- tion 709 which clearly prohibits broad- ening of exemptions in cases such as this. Therefore, the Chair is compelled to sustain the point of order raised by the gentleman from New York. Mr. WALKER. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the amend- ment of the gentleman from Texas be made in order. Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I object. Mr. WALKER. Could the Chair state who made the objection? Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, on the basis that the decision was left at the discretion of the Chair, and I would not allow anything that I can do while I am on my feet to impinge upon the discretion of the Chair as has been granted to the Chair, I will object. The CHAIRMAN. Objection is heard to the unanimous consent request. Are there other amendments to sec- tion 6? AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MRS. VUCANOVICH Mrs. VUCANOVICH. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. The Clerk read as follows: Amendment offered by Mrs. VIICANOVICH: Page 8, after line 13, add the following new subsection: (d) EXEMPTION FOR PIANANCIAL INBTITII- TI0NS.-(1) Subject to paragraph (3), this Act shall not prohibit the use of a lie detec- tor test or employees or prospective employ- ees of a financial institution (as such term Is defined in section 5313(aX2) of title 31, United States Code, and as further defined In section 103.11(g) of title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act). (2) The exemption provided under para- graph (1) shall not diminish an employer's obligation to comply with? (A) applicable State and local law, and (B) any negotiated collective bargaining agreement, which limit or prohibit the use of lie detector tests on such employees. (3) The exemption provided under this subsection shall not apply if the results of an analysis of lie detector charts are used as the sole basis upon which an employee or prospective employee is discharged, dis- missed, disciplined in any manner, or denied employment or promotion. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prohibit the temporary reassignment of any employ- ee for such period as is necessary for a speedy and thorough investigation concern- ing potential criminal activity with involves the operations of the employer. Mrs. VUCANOVICH (during the reading). Mr. Chairman, I ask unani- mous consent that the amendment be considered as read and printed in the RECORD. - The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentlewoman from Nevada? There was no objection. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to limit the debate on this amendment to 10 min- utes, 5 minutes on each side. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from California? Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, I object. The CHAIRMAN. Objection is heard. The gentlewoman from Nevada [Mrs. VIICANOVICH] is recognized for 5 minutes. Mrs. VUCANOVICH. Mr. Chairman, my amendment is simple?to exempt financial institutions from restrictions against the use of polygraphs, with "financial institution" being defined as under title 31 of the United States Code, section 5312(a), subject to cur- rency transaction regulations as fur- ther defined under 31 Code of Federal Regulations, part 103. As we all know, the reporting re- quirements for these financial institu- tions are very strict, and failure to comply or errors in reporting subject the institution to severe civil and criminal penalties. For this reason, it is critical that these financial institu- tions be exempt from the ban against polygraphs. Without the use of the polygraph, they are at tremendous risk. It is essential that employees who handle large sums of money make the transaction properly. There is a terrif- ic burden on financial institutions, and their accountability is vital. One of the purposes of the strict currency reporting regulations for fi- nancial institutions is to help track down drug traffickers. In the last con- gress we reinforced this goal when we passed the Omnibus Drug Enforce- ment Act of 1986, which strengthened the currency reporting provisions. Financial institutions handle enor- mous sums of money every day, and many people have access to these funds. Embezzlement and internal fraud cause billions of dollars in losses each year. In fact, the losses amount to more than losses from robberies, burglaries, and larcenies combined. Use of. the polygraph as an investiga- tive tool is absolutely essential to these entities. This amendment is critical to con- stituents in each and every one of our districts. Do you have loan or finance companies in your district? Is there a Western Union- office there? A jewel- er? The polygraph can make the dif- ference in whether or not they stay in business. The toll extracted due to internal theft in these businesses is great. These losses cause many businesses to close their doors, resulting in unem- ployment for many workers. The losses are also reflected in higher costs for consumers, as employers raise prices on goods and services to recoup their losses. Unquestionably, there are places and occasions where polygraph testing is vital. This body officially acknowl- edged its legitimacy in the last Con- gress and again more recently when we overwhelmingly endorsed the use of polygraph testing for national secu- rity purposes. We cannot acknowledge the useful- ness?the essential role of polygraph testing as a legitimate and effective tool for the Government to use, and Yet deny its credibility and efficacy for the private sector. Obviously, the poly- graph test has a proper place in both Government and private business. 0 1920 Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the amendment. Mr. Chairman, this is a rewrite of an amendment that just a couple hours ago the House rejected by a vote of 184 to 237, only this time the exemp- tion is even wider than the exemption that the House has already rejected. The gentlewoman's amendment refers to financial institutions as de- fined in section 5312(aX2) of title 31 of the United States Codes. Let me share with the House the definition of finan- cial institutions under that section: All insured banks, all commercial banks, all trust companies, all private banks, all thrift Institutions, all brokers or dealers in securities, all operators of credit card sys- tems, all insurance companies, all pawn bro- kers, all loan companies, all travel agencies, all telegraph companies. Those are the definitions of a finan- cial institution. The gentlewoman also refers to a certain regulation of law which in- cludes all casinos or gambling casinos. This amendment would include every person in the United States literally who works in a financial institution, Including pawn brokers, insurance companies, and people that make credit cards. This is an extremely broad amend- ment and one which myself and the committee wholeheartedly oppose. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. I rise in opposition to the amendment. Mr. Chairman, this amendment when compared to the amendment that was previously defeated that had reference to federally insured finan- cial institutions, that was bad enough, but my God, here we are going to impose this upon branches of foreign banks. They are not federally insured. I mean, I cannot believe the scope of this amendment. Very frankly, in keeping with the consideration of the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BARTLETT] earlier when he recognized the hour, I would say this amendment is one whose hour has not arrived and it should be summarily dismissed, as was done with the previous amendment re- ferring to financial institutions. Mr. Chairman, I would call for a "no" vote on this amendment. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentle- woman from Nevada [Mrs. VIJCANO- The amendment was rejected. AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. DELAY Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. The Clerk read as follows: Amendment offered by Mr. DELAY: Page 8, after line 13, insert the following new sub- sections: (d) EXEMPTION FOR SERVICES CONDUCTED IN PERSONAL RESIDENCES.?This Act shall not prohibit the use of a lie detector test by an employer whose business- consists of provid- ing services in private residences and whose employees obtain west to such residences, to the extent thet? (1) such use is consistent with? (A) applicable State and local law, and (B) any negotiated collective bargaining agreement, that explicitly or implicitly limits or prohib- its the use of lie detector tests by such em- ployer; (2) the test is administered only to em- ployees who have, or prospective employees who would have, reasonable access to the private residence of any customer of the em- ployer; and (3) the results of an analysis of lie detec- tor charts are not used as the sole basis upon which any employee or prospective employee is discharged, dismissed, disci- plined in any manner, or denied employ- ment or promotion. Mr. DELAY (during the reading). Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the amendment be considered as read and printed in the RECORD. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Texas? There was no objection. [Mr. DELAY addressed the Commit- tee. His remarks will appear hereafter in the Extensions of Remarks.] The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas has expired. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentleman from Texas [Mr. DELsy]. The question was taken; and the Chairman announced that the noes appeared to have it. RECORDED VOTE Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, I demand a recorded vote. A recorded vote was ordered. The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were?ayes 147, noes 268, not voting 18, as follows: [Roll No. 412] AYES-147 Archer Hansen Pickett Armey Hastert Porter Badham Hatcher Quillen Baker Haley Ravenel Ballenger Herger Ray Bartlett Miler Rhodes Barton Holloway Roberts Bateman Hopkins Rogers Bennett Hubbard Roth Bereuter Hunter Rowland (GA) Bilirakis Hutto Salk' Bliley Hyde Saxton Boulter Inhofe Schaefer Broomfield Ireland Schuette Bryant Kasich Schulze Bunning Konnyu Sensenbrenner Burton Kyl Shaw Byron Lagomarsino Shumway Callahan Latta Shuster Chandler Leath (TX) Skeen Chappell Lewis (FL) Slaughter (VA) Cheney Lightfoot Smith (NE) Coats Livingston Smith (TX) Coble Lott Smith, Denny Combest Lowery (CA) (OR) Craig Lujan Smith, Robert Dasmemeyer Lukens, Donald (NH) Darden Lungren Smith, Robert Daub Mack (OR) de la Garza Madigan Solomon DeLay Marlenee Spence DeWine Martin (IL) Stangeland Dickinson Martin (NY) Stenholm DioGuardi McCandless Stump Dornan (CA) McCollum Sundquist Dreier McEwen Sweeney Edwards (OK) McMillan (NC) Swindall Emerson Meyers Tauzin F'awell Mica Taylor Fields Michel Thomas (CA) Frenzel Miller (OH) Thomas (GA) GalleglY Montgomery Valentine Gekas Morrison (WA) Vander Jest Gingrich Myers Vucanovich Goodling Nelson Walker Gmdison Nichols Weldon Grant Oxley Whittaker Hall (OH) Packard Wolf Hall (TX) Parris Wylie Hammerschmidt Pashayan Young (FL) NOES-268 Ackerman Carper Edwards (CA) Akaka Carr English Alexander Chapman Erdreich Anderson Clarke Espy Andrews Clay Evans Annunzio Clinger Fascell Anthony Coelho Fazio Applegate Coleman (MO) Feighan Aspin Coleman (TX) Fish Atkins Collins Flake AuCoin Conte Flippo Barnard Conyers Florio Bates Cooper Foglietta Beilenson Coughlin Foley Bentley Courter Ford (MI) Berman Coyne Ford (TN) Bevill Crockett Frank Bilbmy Davis (IL) Frost Boehlert Davis (MI) Gallo Boggs DeF'azio Garcia Boland Delluma Gaydos Bonior Derrick Gellienson Honker Dicks Gilman Borski Dingell Gllclunan BOSCO Dixon Gonzalez Boucher Donnelly Gordon Boxer Dorgan (ND) Grandy Brennan Dowdy Gray (IL) Brooks Downey Gray (PA) Brown (CA) Durbin Green Bruce Dwyer Gregg Buechner Dymally Guarini Bustamante Dyson Gunderson Campbell Early Hamilton Cardin Eckart Harris Hawkins Minnie Hayes (IL) Miller (CA) Hayes (LA) Miller (WA) Hefner Mineta Henry Moakley Hertel Molinari Hochbrueckner Mollohan Horton Moody Houghton Moorhead Hoyer Morella Huckaby Morrison (CT) Hughes Mrazek Jacobs Murphy Jeffords Murtha Jenkins Nagle Johnson (CT) Hatcher Johnson (SD) Neal Jones (TN) Nielson Jontz Nowak Kanjorski Oakar Kastenmeier Oberstar Kennedy Obey Kennelly Olin Kildee Ortiz Kleczka Owens (NY) Kolbe Panetta Kolter Patterson Kostmayer Pease LaFalce Pelost Lancaster Penny Lantos Pepper Leach (IA) Perkins Lehman (CA) Petri Lehman (FL) Pickle Leland Price (IL) Lent Price 'NC) Levin (MI) Purcell Levine (CA) Rattail Lewis (GA) Rangel Lloyd Regula Lowry (WA) Richardson Luken, Thomas Ridge MacKay Rinaldo Manton Ritter Markey Robinson Martinez Rodin? Matsui Roe Mavroules Rase Masson Rostenkowski McCloskey Roukema McCurdy Rowland (CT) McDade Roybal McGrath Russo McHugh Sabo McMillen (MD) Savage H 9585 Sawyer Scheuer Schneider Schroeder Schumer Shays Sikorski Sielsky Skaggs Skelton Slattery Slaughter (NY) Smith (FL) Smith (IA) Smith (NJ) Snowe Solam Spratt St Germain Staggers Stallings Stark Stokes Stratton Studds Swift Synar Tallon Tauke Torres Torricelli Towns Traficant Traxler Upton Visclosky Volkmer Walgren Watkins Waxman Weber Weiss Wheat Whitten Williams Wilson Wise WolPe Wortley Wyden Yates Yatron Young (AK) NOT VOTING-18 Biaggi Gibbons Lipinski Brown (CO) Howard Owens (UT) Crane Jones (NC) Roemer Daniel KaPtur Sharp Duncan Kemp Udall Gephardt Lewis (CA) Vento 0 1945 Mr. PORTER changed his vote from "no" to So the amendment was rejected. The result of the vote was an- nounced as above recorded. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentle- man from Texas (Mr. BARTLErT] for the purposes of entering into a collo- quy with the gentleman from Mon- tana [Mr. Wn.usus]. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Montana [Mr. Wumasts] has seen a copy of the colloquy. What I would do is just read an abbreviated version of the questions and answers, Mr. Chair- man, and enter the entire colloquy into the REcoan at the conclusion of that abbreviated version. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair must advise our distinguished colleague from Texas [Mr. BARTLETT] that collo- quies may not be entered in the REcoan according to the rules during Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 11 9586 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL IMMO HOUSE hi:member 4, 1 987 deliberatiens in the Committee of the Whole. Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Chairman, I would intitdre of the gentleman from Montana and would like to ask hirn, a few questions concerning the meaning of the term lie detector as used in the bill in order to clarify what is and what is not included in the definition. I ask the gentleman if the definition of He detector as contained in the bill before us would in any way be inter- preted to include drug testa within its scope? Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MARTINEZ. I yield to the gen- tleman from Montana. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I answer my friend from Texas by saying that if itis understanding is that the Modified definition of lie,ife- tector dosenot include tests which ore administered to detect the presenceur absence Of a drug hi a person's body, the gentleman is correct. As the gen- tleman knows, the original definon of lie detector was never intended to include drug testing. Nevertheless. I did not object to the aratt added in committee) which further clarified that drug tests were not in- cluded Within the scope Of the mean- ing of the term lie detector. I am not expregging an opinion en whether or not I am for drug testing, but that le not the purpose of this leg- islation. Mr. BARTLETT. I thank the gentle- man. The definition still includes the tenn "mechanical or electrical devices." Be- cause of that, some have argued that it could be breed enonigh to include routine preemployment or employ- ment physical examinations, thus pro- hibiting niest entpfoyeni from adminis- tering Rob examinations. Does the definition include employment iund preemployment physical examina- tions? Mr. WILLIAMS. The answer is no. Mr. BARTLETT. I thank the gentle- man for the colloquy. The CHAIRMAN. Are there further amendments to section 67 If not, the C2erk will designate sec- tion T. The text Of section 7 is as follows: SRC. 7. IIIIPVIMONS. Mused in this ME? M the term "lie detector test" includes any examination involving the use of any polygraph, deceptorraph, voice stress shit- peyeliofegkal Areas evaluator. er any other sharer Maim (Whether mechanical or electrical) basites is used, or Use sessile of which are deed, for the purpose of reader- ins a diapaostic opinion regarding the hon- esty of an individual-. (2) the term "employer includes an agent, independent contractor, employee, or any other person acting diseody sr isidirect- ly in the Mitered of an employer in relation to an employee or prospective employee; and (37 the term "cot:amerce' has the meaning provided by /tenon 'NW, or the Pair Leber StandlueloAet of 1938 (811 VAC, 203(10). The CHAIRMAN. Are there any amendments to section I? If not, the Cledt will designate sec- tion 8. The text Or section bin as follows: sise. MMus ang This Act shall take effect ?onths after the date of its enoctisent. AMENDMENT IN TM MEOW OF A SUBSTITUTE OFFERED-BY MR. YOUNG OF FLORIDA Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I otter an amendment in the nature-oft substitute. The Clerk read as follows: Amendment in the mature of a substitute offered by Mr. Tomas of Florida: Strike all after the-enacting cisme and insert the fol- lowing: SHORT TITLE Sacrum 1, This Act may be cited as the "Polyerapfriteform Actor 1987". POLYGRAPH IOLANOMATIONS Sac. 2. Th Fair Labor Standards Act. of 1934 MEC. alien) is emended? (1) by inserting above the heading of Sec- tion 2 the followiniC "TITIS 1-FAIR LA13011STANDANDS": Mb, striking out "inn Act" each place it anthems (other than in the first section) and inserting-in lieu thereof 'lids title"; and (I) by adding at the end thereof the fol- lowing new title: -TITLE II?POLTGRAPH EXAMINATIONS "usual:ions on retz tenor POLYGRAPH EXAMENATIONS "Sac. MI. (a) Ihtless the examininion is given in neeerdanCenitis section $2, no em- ployer or any other perms engaged in or-af- fecting Commerce, nor, AAP agent or repre- sentative thereof may? . (1) directly or indimetty require, ratpiest, seggest, peewit, or cense any eraPioree, agent, preineetive employee, or prospective agent to take or submit to any polygraph exanthuttiOls for any purpose; or "(2) use, *wept, or refer to the results of any polygraph examinotion of any employ- ee, agent,. poospective employee, or prospec- tive seemlier any purpose. "UN Pi& employer May discharge, dionibts, discipline, or deny omploytnent or promo- tion to; or- threaten to discharge, dismiss, discipline, or deny employment or promo- tion to easy employee, anni4 prospective em- ployee, or poespectiVe agent who reror-Pe.? de- clines, milails.to take or submit to any poly- graph examination. "(c) No employer map discharge, disusies, discipline, or dent emplogonent or promo- tion to; or threaten to ctilicharge, dhotis, discipline, or deny employment of promo- tion to; an employee or applicant. based solely on the opinions or conclusions of a polygraph examiner sesehnd by analysis of the moults of a polygraph examination of the eirtployee or applicant for employment given in accordance with section 202. If a polygraph examiner concludes, based on an analysis of the results of a polygraph exami- nation given in accordance with section 202, that an employee or ape/leant for employ- ment was diceptire, the employee or appli- cant for employment meet be provided an opportunity to rebut such conclusion. "MUUMUU STANBARD&FOR CONDUCTING POBYGRAPH EIBISINATIONS "Site. NHL (a) The Secretary shall estab- lish standards of conduct mad qualifications for penitent who wish to conduct polygraph examinations. The stioda.rds shall include the requirements set forth in subsections (b) throng:kik). "tin Subject ? to erabseetien -(r). -no. poly- graphessminotionshall condoethiapon Individual mina "(1) Is at Xeast twenty. one yeareof agog.. - "(2) is a titian, of the United /Rat% -Chia a penes of good mond character: "(inhaseortaillied with an required laws, roles, and regulations established by the Secretary mei ether polygraph licensing and resalatteay authorities in She state in which the otionsinetiongs to be' conducted: and "axA) has suqeemfidly Completed a Donisl training mune retarding the use of eabitraolts that has been nairoved under (4) Acme or in-the Secretary: and ? NM. has eempiefid'a polygraph examiner hitenship of SCIalgt six months dtuation under the direct supervision of a?polymaph examinee who has met the requirements of thiosectiem , "(a) The. Secretor)) shall eetatehh stand- ards ilerendeg inAviduels, who, on the date- of enactment Of the Polninieli_lteSorin Act of hart *e Madified te eotaiect polygraph examinant:an 4a itinatioriee With applieuhle Rate fad. Shritsinutiterattlit not be/attu- ned namely Igloos& sus indisidual has con- ducted a Sceared sinsibor analysing* ex- aminations in the past. "(dXli When conducting-a polwaraph cx- a Polygraph examiner may not ask liesestimi durn the ode* taaraina- . dme Watiedam Win totting and has been reviewed witntito intriannee prior to such examiestime- "(2) A. polygraph- examiner may not in- quire info-6: ? ? " ? "(A) rellgionsteneis or affelationx "(3) racial beliefs or (Winona - "tcl Polittind bdieharaffillehotar -aft ?sentat preferences ..'er 'arthritis, Wear 'such .friforialition imainitag sexual '.Pretiatenceli_.i:ets *Miner:11y State line,er Metrelisted:or mtEl benefit affiliathinx ,er dendtiris 're- garding unions or labor Orgiodiartiaria. "(e Xi) Each prospeettreexaminorldiall be required '03 Idris /Kam bet** the begin- ning of -each Potimaifir.exemination that the examinee understands? Nal the limitations impaired oil potygraph examine:win subentirsertdX -(3) that the examinee may terminate the enaminationat row dam and -WI that . (hir menninee has legal rights and remedies irtheneerfesale intemination is not condoned; or ? liersesells at' the' ex- aminations are not used, in acondaneewith this title. - 'I2) Wee* oxarnines slime be presided with a *Men copy or any opinion or conchasion rendered, siea rI et the- emealnation aeon antlers remelt by-the enandney lord upon payment of & rearsinablik fee ay such "(L) A oelyeraisn examiner May not, In an,v calendar day, Fondue& . and complete more then ten Pellittenti elninlinations which are Buhl* O the rVuirenments of this title. A milystrapit subject to the noidiation et. this aubseetion shall consist of a full and complete pretest inter- view, recording of litentelogica chart data, analysi& of recorded chart:data, and post- test interview fts required. The examiner shall schedule not 'less' than one hour to conduct air exatignation. of 'an examinee as did hied to thisiatbseetitua "(sal) Each volturesth etiondliessludi? "(A) use an lastrinneet. that records con- tinuously. visually. permanently. and simul- taneous/it- change* in dirdiorasculax respi- ratory, and electrodermal mitten* Ur mini- mum Inetrinointtatfintstandaidentid NB) timegnepbtlett dedgeeptilitillidleat- ed or no deception indiesdeek upon maim- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE tion of changes in physiological activity or reactivity in the cardiovascular, respiratory, and electrodermal patterns on the poly- graph charts. "(2) A polygraph examiner may use an in- strument that records additional physiologi- cal patterns as specified in paragraph (1) and may consider such additional patterns in furnishing an opinion. "(h) All conclusions or opinions of the polygraph examiner arising from a poly- graph examination shall? "(1) be in writing and based solely upon polygraph chart analysis; "(2) contain no information other than admissions, information, case facts, and in- terpretation of the chart data relevant to the purpose and stated objectives of the ex- amination; and "(3) contain no recommendation regarding the prospective or continued employment of an examinee. "(1) A polygraph examiner shall maintain all opinions, reports, charts, questions, lists, and all other records relating to the poly- graph examination for a minimum of two years after administering such examination. "(j) Any polygraph examiner conducting a polygraph examination shall acquire and maintain a minimum of $50,000 bonding or an equivalent amount of professional liabil- ity insurance coverage. "(k) An employer may not use voice stress analyzers, psychological stress evaluators or any other similar device for the purpose of detecting deception or verifying the truth of statements. An employer may not use or cause to be used any such device (as de- scribed in this subsection) with any employ- ee or prospective employee interview, or use or cause to be used any recording which at any time is subjected to analysis by any voice stress analyzer, psychological stress evaluator, or any other similar device, the results of which are reported to any employ- er. "DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION "SEC. 203. (a) A person, other than an ex- aminee, may not disclose information ob- tained during a polygraph examination, except as provided in this section. "(b) A polygraph examiner may disclose information acquired from a polygraph ex- amination only to? "(1) another polygraph examiner in pri- vate consultation, the examinee, or any other person or firm specifically designated in writing by the examinee; "(2) the employer that requested the ex- amination; "(3) a person or governmental agency that requested the examination or others as re- quired by due process of law who obtained a warrant to obtain such information in a court of competent jurisdiction; or "(4) appropriately licensed or chartered polygraph licensing boards or polygraph pro- fessional associations upon written request in connection with a complaint filed against an examiner pursuant to a grievance proce- dure. "(c) An employer for whom a polygraph examination is conducted may disclose in- formation from the examination only to a person described in subsection (b). "WAIVER OF RIGHTS PROHIBITED "SEC. 204. The rights and procedures pro- vided pursuant to this title may not be waived by contract or otherwise. No poly- graph examiner may request an examinee to waive any such right or procedure. "ADMINISTRATION "Sec. 205. The Secretary shall? "(1) issue such rules and regulations as may be necessary or appropriate for carry- ing out this title; and "(2) cooperate with regional, State, local, and other agencies, and cooperate with and furnish technical assistance to employers, labor organizations, and employment agen- cies to carry out this title. "RECORDKEEPING, INVESTIGATIONS, AND ENFORCEMENT "SEC. 206. (a) The Secretary shall have the power to make investigations and re- quire the keeping of records necessary or appropriate for the administration of this title in accordance with the powers and pro- cedures provided in sections 9 and 11. "(bX1) This Act shall be enforced in ac- cordance with the powers, remedies, and procedures provided in sections 11(b), 16 (except for subsection (a) thereof), and 17, and subsection (c). "(2) Any act prohibited under section 201 or 202 shall be deemed to be a prohibited act under section 15. "(3) Amounts owing to a person as a result of a violation of this title shall be deemed to be unpaid minimum wages or unpaid over- time compensation for purposes of sections 16 and 17, except that liquidated damages shall be payable only in cases of willful vio- lations of this title. "(4) In any action brought to enforce this title, the court shall have jurisdiction to grant such legal or equitable relief as may be appropriate to carry out this title, includ- ing judgments compelling employment, re- instatement or promotion, or enforcement of liability for amounts deemed to be unpaid minimum wages or unpaid overtime com- pensation under this section. "(5) Before instituting any section under this section, the Secretary shall attempt? "(A) to eliminate the practice or practices alleged; and "(B) to effect voluntary compliance with the requirements of this title through infor- mal methods of conciliation, conference, and persuasion. "(c)(1) Subject to the limitations stated in section 207, any person aggrieved may bring a civil action in any court of competent ju- risdiction for such legal or equitable relief as will effectuate the purposes of this title, except that the right of any person to bring such action shall terminate on the com- mencement of an action by the Secretary to enforce the right of such person under this title. "(2) In an action brought under para- graph (1), a person shall be entitled to a trial by jury with respect to any issue of fact in any such action for recovery of amounts owing as a result of a violation of this title, regardless of whether equitable relief is sought by any party in such action. "(d)(1) No civil action may be commenced by an individual under this section until sixty days after a charge alleging a violation of this title has been filed with the Secre- tary. "(2) Such a charge shall be filed? "(A) within one hundred and eighty days after the alleged violation occurred; or "(B) in a case to which section 207 ap- plies? "(i) within three hundred days after the alleged violation occurred; or "(ii) within thirty days after receipt by the individual of notice of termination of proceedings under State law, whichever is earlier. "(3) On receiving such a charge, the Sec- retary shall promptly? "(A) notify all persons named in such charge as prospective defendants in the action; and "(B) seek to eliminate any alleged viola- tion by informal methods of conciliation, conference, and persuasion. H 9587 "(e)(1) Sections 8 and 10 of the Portal-to- Portal Act of 1947 (29 U.S.C. 255 and 259) shall apply to actions under this title. "(2) For the period during which the Sec- retary is attempting to effect voluntary compliance with requirements of this title through informal methods of conciliation, conference, and persuasion pursuant to sub- section (b), the statute of limitations as pro- vided in section 6 of such Act shall be tolled, but in no event for a period in excess of one year. "EFFECT OF STATE LAW "SEC. 207. (a) It is the express intent of Congress that the States may regulate poly- graph examinations in a manner that is con- sistent with the standards set forth in this title. "(b)(1) Any State or political subdivision thereof which desires to develop and en- force standards for the use of polygraphs by employers and polygraph examiners may submit an administrative plan to the Secre- tary at such time, in such manner, and con- taining or accompanied by such information as the Secretary may reasonably require. Such plan shall? "(A) identify the State agency designated as responsible for administering the plan; "(B) describe the standards in the admin- istrative plan governing polygraph examin- ers and the use of polygraph examinations by employers; "(C) provide assurances through a written certification that such standards, and the enforcement of such standards, will be at least as effective as the standards set out in this Act; and "(D) explain the manner in which the standards in such plan will be administered and enforced by the State agency to assure compliance with this Act. "(2) An administrative plan meeting the requirements of subsection (b)(1) shall be deemed approved by the Secretary. "(3) The Secretary shall make a continu- ing evaluation of each administrative plan which has been approved. If the Secretary finds that a plan is not being administered In a manner that assures substantial compli- ance with the standards of this Act, the Sec- retary shall notify the State or political sub- division thereof which submitted such plan that approval of such plan is being with- drawn and, upon receipt of such notice, such plan shall cease to be in effect. "(4) Review of a decision of the Secretary to withdraw approval of an administrative plan under this section may be obtained in the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which the State or political subdi- vision thereof is located by filing a petition for review with such court within thirty days after receipt of the notice of withdraw- al of approval. "(5) The prohibitions contained in sec- tions 201 and 202 of this title shall not apply to any polygraph examiner or any employer engaged in any business in or af- fecting interstate commerce, or any agent or representative of such polygraph examiner or employer, in any State or political subdi- vision which has adopted an administrative plan pursuant to subsection (b). "(c) Nothing in this title shall be con- strued to require regulation by a State or to Prohibit a State from establishing a stand- ard that prohibits an employer from? "(1) taking any action against an employ- ee or a prospective employee based on the results of a polygraph examination; or "(2) making an employee or prospective employee submit to a polygraph examina- tion against his or her will. "(dX1) Subject to paragraph (2), in the case of an alleged violation of this title oc- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 11 9588 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD IfOtISE earring ht Steen Vat has an approved- ad- minfotrathes plan isegegating --polygraph ex- aminations 1.a. meamer that- teat least as Avineri* ertine DRIPIIrsineras. at this titre, or that has a standard refereed to in renb- paragraph tear. _nee mit may be brought under seethes 2011- aeoner them dray day* after pmeeedings hem beer connneneed under Um Seadolaw ear standard. urdesesocis proceeding hwerbeeneariler-tenninallet. _ "(2) Minch sintpdely perked shag be ex- tended to one hundred twenty days duping: the first year after the effective date of such State lower standard. "(3) Poe' pOITIVOSO of this -subsection, a Slate progeeding shad be deemed to how mortaneneed at Use-time it in deemed to have commenced anderlitaterian. "(e) Nothing in this title shall be con- strue/lie/ weerthe groadonant this title to the United Slates Government, to kW agency or aims of the- thated Stades Our- enamel. to gay Sear IDOSISIDOSsitaLREIRIC7 ar agent of any Slots genernamted agency. or to say deo eneemement money or agerit of any law ealeseement agenee. OMPIRICIORD "Sec. 203. As used in this title? "(I) the:erm konnneree has the mem*g provided by asstd. 11(107( "(2) the term employer' ft/diodes any penamacting greens or helmety in the In- terest at an onmleyer in relation- to an em- ployee or prospective employee; "01 tho Mint ilecireterr means the Secre- tary ed Labor; "(40 the tem 'State' mauls each of the sermai Stated the Maid of Columbia, Use Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any po- litica aniedivielon thereof; "(Si the tens Veiggraph exarainatioe means sag laterviocor examination of se. employee or prospective employee of an em- Noyes? "(A) invoked. the me of any polygraph, deceptograph, or any other similar device not *thereto* peohibited by MS Act which is used primarily for the purpose of detect- ing deception. verifying the truth of state- ments. essay singer purpose; or "(S) which is subject to at any time to analysis by ane polygraph. deceptogratei (GBel). or any other Medlar device the re- sults of which see ever reported to any em- ployer, and "(6) the term Volymaph essiminer* meam any person who conducts a polygraph exam- Mahn& as defined in paragraph (3) of this secti. irlderive PATE Sec. 3. (a) libecept as provided in subsec- tion (b), this Act and the amendments made by this Act shall become effective six months after tire termination of the first legislative session of each State that occurs after the date of enactment of this Act. (b) The Secretary of Labor shall issue such rules and regulations as may be neces- sary or appropriate for carrying out title 11 of the Pair Leber Standards Act of 1933 (as added by section 2 of this Act) not later than one hundred and eighty days after the date of enactment of this Act. Mr. YOUNG of Florida (during the reading). Mr. Chairman. I ask unani- mous convent that the amaidment in the nature of a substitute be consid- ered as read and printed in the RECORD. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Florida? There was no objection. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Ch man, this is a very serious substitute. Last year it received a very large vote fn this Hasse of Representahves. It IS presented to our colleagues today ois behalf of myself and the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. DaRDEN1. In an effort to Save time, / asked that we not read the full amendment because ft to lengthy I might also tell oto -colleagues. M. Chairman, that the gentleman from Georgia Dlr. mask and I had 11 other amend- ments at the desk, but in an attempt to aeconmesedate the Mesnbers and to keep the proceedings from going on too late this evening, we have agreed not to offer those amendments'. But we would like a serious distension Of this very 'report/int substitute before us today at this point The bill before us now, Mr. Chair- man. allows the use of polygraph by the Federal Government, State gov- ernments, load government, politica subdivisions of those local govern- ments, contractors to the FBI, those who are involved in the security guard business, those who are involved in the drug business. It prohibits the use of polygraph for those who work in nurs- ing homes or finnne-ifil institutions or those who are involved in a business where some specific incident has taken place, or in the delivery of home health care or the delivery of other home type services. So on one hand this bill said it is OIC to use the polygraph; on the other hand it says no. you cannot use the Polygraph- 0 2000 Now there is something just a little inconsistent about that argument. But during most et this debate today, Mr. Chairman, it hat been suggested that using the polygraph harassed people, that it was used by quacks or that it was a gadget that did not work and the list of allegations and accusations go on and on. Well, Mr. Chairman, the substitute that we present Isere this evening solves every problem that was men- tioned by every Member today in that debate. Just for example, there is nothing in the bill before us that pro- tects the right of the employer or the employee or the prospective employee from being fired, dismissed or disci- plined because he did not take a lie de- tector test or a polygraph test if you will. Our substitute says that no employ- er may discharge, dismiss, discipline or deny employment or promotion to or threaten to discharge, dismiss, disci- pline or deny employment or promo- tioa to any employee, agent, prospec- tive employee or prospective agent who refuses, declines, or fails to take or submit to any polygraph examina- tion. Mr. Chairman, this protection is not in the bill a. 1212. Further it says no employer may discharge, discipline, dimes. and so forth, or deny employ- mast based solely on the opinions or conclusions of a polygraph examiner. Novembe 1187 Farther, Mr._ Chstinian. DeaflanrYonnS substitute gays, no em- ployer may dismiss, discipline; and so forth, any saplayee beaus* it the ophdorsi or conelugleas Of k polygraph examiner, Mr. Chairman. thete Is no such Pro- tection in /LW Mt, Mr. Chairmen, this, substitute pro' vides that an emplepse who feels that he has been *bead by -the trelYlvallh examination is given an orniortrusity to rebut anyy, ceirciusion made by anyone In conjunction. With that polygraph ex- amination. nate is no sued protection In the bill H.R., 1212. ? Mr. Chairman, it has been said so many thaeathat thistle a nueetrine, it is a gadget. We concede that ft to m- elt:wired. The polygraph exstrahmtion Is only going to be as good as the ex- aminer whoeives it. In our MS we pro- vide that thesszaminer, amongst other things, matt comply with all laws, Federal, State or local; mast be le censete must have completed a formal training course regarding the use of Polygraphs which has been approved by the Secretary; must have complet- e:I a polygraph esaminer internship for at least 6 211012tha It goes on, list- ing the qualifications of the examiner. No such protection in the WMianas bill, H.R. 1212. Under that, bill all of these people that I mention, these minions of Americium Who mad be polygraphed under H.R. 1212, could hare ft done to them in a slipshod, or quickie fashion, under their bin the polygraph exam could be done without any kind of a professional atmosphere and Without any legal protection for the person being examined. The Darden-Young substitute pro- vides those protections. Listen to this: We include a bill of rights for the ex- aminee and it includes such things as the polygraph exarrdner may not in- quire into religious beliefs or affili- ations, racial beliefs, and so forth. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman front Florida (Mr. Youstal has expired. (By unanimous consent. Mr. YOMCG of Florida was allowed to proceed for 3 additional rainutes.) Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Let me repeat, a polygraph examiner may not Inquire into racial beliefs or opinions, political beliefs or affiliations, sexual preferences or activities, beliefs, affili- ations, or opinions regarding unions or labor organizations. Each prospective examinee shall be required to sign a notice before the beginning of each polygraph examination that he under- stands the limitations imposed upon the examiner; he understands his rights as an examinee; he understands that he may teratnate the polygraph examination at any time and that he has legal rights under this substitute, if the polygraph examination to not conducted in accordance with this title. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1.987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 9589 We provide that the polygraph ex- aminer must schedule at least an hour to conduct the examination. We pro- vide that the questions to the examin- ee must be in writing and must be dis- cussed with the examinee prior to the time that the polygraph actually takes place. We make every one of these protec- tions and more, and none of these pro- tections, not the first one of these pro- tections that I think you would all want in the case of any polygraph, not one of them is included in the main bill, H.R. 1212 as presented to this House. There will be many polygraph exams under this bill because the ex- emptions are there, and I listed the many exemptions. It will apply to mil- lions of Americans. The exemptions are there. There win be polygraph exams in America whether this bill passes or not or whether this bill is amended or not. So if you are going polygraph, why not do it right; let us do it with exam- iners who knew ? what they are doing, who have been trained; who have been educated and who meet certain crite- ria under the law. Second, Mr. Chairntan, and more im- portantly let us write into the law pro- tection for the examinee. He is going to be examined under the Williams bin. So why not make sure that he has a bill of rights, the protection provided by the Darden-Young substitute. That is what we are asking. There is gang to be polygraph examinations in America, no matter what we do on this bill; pass it or do not pass it, you are going to PolYgraoh. Let 123 make sure It is done right Let us protect the People who are hiving the polygraph done to them. Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. YOUNG of Florida. I yield to the gentleman from California Mfr. LASOMARSIN01. (Mr. LAGOMARSINO asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. LACH3MARSINO. I thank the gentleman for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I commend the gen- tleman for his statement, I join in strong support of the substitute. I think it is a practical answer, a practi- cal solution to this problem. kir. Chairman, I rise in support of the Young-Darden substitute amendment to H.R. 1212. This amendment is iderdical to legisla- tion I have cosponsored. H.R. 1536, the Pon- graph Reform Act. Wale I recognize the potential for abuse and actual abuse of the polygraph test and the need to establish standards for its use, do not believe that a total ban is the solution. In fact, as we have seen from the language of the bill and the sting of amendments attempt- ing to exempt various industries, a total ban is not even possible. We we inevitably *cod with the question of where to draw the line. Do we want to make use of the polygraph to protect our money and not our Mitten? Or allow its use by companies authorized to man- tdactum and distibute controlled substanoes while not permitting it to be utAzed in protect- ing nursing home residents from abuse? The substitute would allow business and in- dustry to continue making use of the poly- graph to protect their customers end assets, while protecting those who are asked to take polygraph exams to make sure that the tests are administered fairly and accurately. I be- Neve It is the proper approach and urge my colleagues to support the stibstitute. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. I thank the gentleman for his contribution and support and I yield back the balance of my time. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the last word and rise In opposition to the amendment Mr. Chairman, the hour is late, the debate is becoming redundant. I would simply like to say that it scares me when the gentleman from Florida says we are going to have polygraphing whether we like it or not and we might as well do it right. It has not been proven yet that it can be done right. I would simply say this is the substi- tute, the same substitute pretty much as offered in ledg. We voted it down then, we should vote it down now sad vote for the bill as presented with the amendments; accepted by the commit- tee. Mr. Chairman. I urge my colleagues to resist the substitute amendment Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, I more to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. DARDEN asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, first of all I wont to thank you for the fair manner in Which you have presided over the Committee of the Whole today and to my colleagues for the kind attention and consideration that they have given our substitute as well as the entire debate that we have heard. What Mr. Young from Florida and I have done, quite frankly, we have taken a different approach than has been taken by the committee. We think that we have built a better mousetrap. We think that we have a solution here to the problem of poly- graph abuse. We content, as well as the committee, that there have been abuses of the polygraph in the past. Certainly there have. But you do not correct the abuses or eliminate the abuses by eliminating the system Itself. So what we have done, Mr. Chairman, is to provide and devise a way to regulate the polygraph and to eliminate the abuses of which the committee complaints. Mr. Chairman, what we have done is we have provided regulations in two particular areas: First of all we have provided that the scope of the exami- nation will be limited. It will be limited solely to issues clearly relevant to the employment that is sought or the inci- dent that is being investigated. Second, no person may be required to take a polygraph examination. But if that person does take a polygraph ex- amination, that examination and its contents will be explained to that person before it is taken numerous times so there is no possibility for abuse or even mispronouncement of where the person was born, as one of our colleagues said, would cause the machine to go bad. Well, in addition to providing certain Inherent rights to the person taking the examination, Mr. Chairman, we have also provided in our bill some very strict requirements for the exam- iner. The examiner must meet certain unaiumna Federal requirements. But in addition to that, Mr. Chairman, we have not Preempted State law hi any way. If your State doeS prohibit the use of the polygraph in the private seekr then your State will not be a- cted because you have the right In your State to go beyond the minimum Federal standards that we set forth here today. Let me touch on several differences between our approach and that of the committee bill. Tina of all, the com- mittee bill constitutes a total ban While our substitute represents thoughtful regulation. Our substitute recognizes the problems of huge losses suffered each year by merchants and manufacturers and the need for them to have tools for screening employees In positions of trust. Our substitute recognizes that the polygraph can be used to vindicate the innocent as well as to indicate the guilty. I think perhaps this is some- thing that has been overlooked and needs to be emphasized over and over again. Mr. SWINDALL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. DARDEN. I yield to the gentle- man from Georgia OIL awransia..1 Mr. SWINDALL. I thank the gentle- man for yielding. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the gentleman about one of his com- ments because it concerns me greatly. Is the gentleman sayne that in the event an employee, unless they fall into one of the exempted areas under the committee bill, if an employee de- sires to have a lie detector test to vin- dicate himself but under the commit- tee's bill that type of activity would be prohibited? Mr. DARDEN. The gentleman is ab- solutely oorrect. An innocent person can be breaking the door down to take a polygraph examination too, assert his or her innocence and would be pro- hibited under the committee bill from proclaiming their innocence, shouting from the rooftops. Mr. SWINDALL. Mr. Chairman, as the gentleman knows I used to be in the furniture business back in Geor- gia. On occasion I would hire convict- ed felons because I for one think that folks can make mistakes but they Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9590 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November 4, 1987 ought not to be preempted from the job market afterward. This is a true story. One of the con- victed felons whom I hired was work- ing at our store at the time of the theft loss that was obviously internal. I came to that individual and said, "I want you to know that a number of your fellow employees are saying you did it." And I said, I asked him if he would mind submitting to a polygraph test. And he said not only would he not mind, he wanted to because he felt very strongly about his character and he also knew that if he lost that job he would go back into the slammer be- cause it was absolutely a condition to his parole that he have a job. So he went and he took the poly- graph and it did vindicate him. My point is that without the gentle- man's substitute that type of opportu- nity for individuals that would other- wise be preempted most likely from finding a job and having a second chance, would really be hurt very badly. So I want to first of all commend the gentleman on the substitute because I think it does strike a balance between some of the concerns that individuals have with respect to rights of privacy and the professional quality of these examinations. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. DARDZN] has expired. (By unanimous consent, Mr. DARDEN was allowed to proceed for 1 additional minute.) Mr. DARDEN. I yield further to the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. SI.vin- DALL1. Mr. SWINDALL. I thank the gentle- man for yielding further. Moreover, it recognizes the very im- portant need in the marketplace to protect workers who would desire to vindicate their good name because of their past circumstances in the sense that they would be the first suspected and they will be basically stripped of the opportunity to show that they were not the person that was guilty and unquestionably suspicion would be theirs. Mr. DARDEN. I thank the gentle- man for dramatizing the point for me and demonstrating it so well. I will say in conclusion, my col- leagues, everywhere I go throughout this district, I ask people what they want me to be concerned about and how they want to be represented. They say "do one thing for us: Leave us alone, get the Government off our backs." 0 2015 Mr. Chairman, this is one more ex- ample of this Congress and this House, I truly believe, getting on the backs of our constituents and private business in general. As far as I am concerned, if the polygraph is good enough for the U.S. Government, for the State Of Georgia and local governments, it is good enough for the private sector. Mr. THOMAS of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requi- site number of words. Mr. Chairman, H.R. 1212 would es- sentially outlaw the use of the poly- graph in most American businesses? except those few that might gain an exemption from the ban. During the debate on this issue, others have talked about how the ban would hurt businesses and consumers and about the unfortunate double standard that the Williams bill would create. I would like to talk briefly about how it could hurt American workers. If we were to ban the polygraph, companies would change their policies to adapt to the ban. Instead of using the polygraph as a screening device, they would most likely rely more ex- tensively on background checks, em- ployment histories, and so forth. Those who oppose the use of the poly- graph, in fact, advocate these alterna- tive methods of personnel screening. But let's think for a moment about the long-term consequences of this change. Employers who could not use the polygraph would hire workers with long and verifiable work histo- ries. They would increasingly look for people with strong family ties, with ties to their community, and give even greater preference to those with a proven track record. This policy would enable most com- panies to continue to hire competent, reliable workers, although the screen- ing process may be more expensive. For many companies, a polygraph ban would not erode their workforce. It would be business as usual for most firms. But this change in hiring policies could have serious consequences for a major and especially vulnerable seg- ment of the work force?those who are trying to work themselves out of pov- erty, and those just enterning the job market. These are the very people who can least tolerate another barrier to employment. Those who would suffer the most from a polygraph ban would be those who have just moved to another city to search for opportunity, those who have had a rocky employment histo- ry?perhaps through no fault of their own?and those who are having a tough time breaking into the job market. It seems to me that it would be a terrible mistake for us to pass a bill that would make it even harder for them to get jobs. We have a responsibility to look down the road at the consequences of a total ban on the polygraph. I believe that if we pass the Williams bill, we may be kicking many of our citizens off the employment ladder, just as they are trying to work their own way up. For these reasons, I cannot support H.R. 1212, and urge consideration of the Darden-Young substitute. Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words, and I rise in opposition to H.R. 1212 and in support of the Young- Darden substitute. ' (Mr. LIVINGSTON asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Chairman, In the interest of expediency, since time is very valuable to the Members, I will not use all of my time. I would simply say that I believe the Young- Darden substitute is a very reasonable compromise to the approach that has been taken here today. H.R. 1213 is a bill whose time has not come. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to H.R. 1212 and in support of the Young-Darden substitute. I oppose and testified against legislation to ban the polygraph last year, and I continue to oppose it, because I believe that such legisla- tion would deprive private employers of a very important tool in screening out thieves and criminals from various specialized places of employment Polygraph tests are needed. They are effective, and they protect banks, child-care centers, and nuclear powerplants. Businesses of all kinds need the polygraph to help them hire trustworthy people and combat an estimated annual loss of 840 billion from theft. Obviously polygraphs work and clearly Con- gress knows they work. Time after time the House has voted to allow Government agen- cies to use the polygraph. Just this year we in- cluded by a vote of 345-44 a provision in the 1987 defense authorization bill which permits random polygraph tests of DOD employees and contractors with access to sensitive infor- mation. We also passed the State Department authorization Mil 414-0 in June which allows polygraph testing of Embassy security person- nel. Department of Defense counterintelligence personnel have identified seven cases in the past 2 years in which polygraph examinations uncovered information about potentially seri- ous national security breaches that would have never come to light without such a pro- gram. For instance, &polygraph exam of a de- fense contractor employee applying for spe- cial access clearance revealed that he has previously been involved In a scheme to smuggle U.S. high technology equipment to the Eastern bloc. In case after case there is evidence to show that the polygraph is critical to efforts to protect our Nation's security interests from es- pionage. During the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee's investigation into the Walker spy ring Members asked witnesses what could be done to prevent such activities in the future. Admiral Butts, who was the Chief of Naval Intelligence at the time, told us that random polygraph testing would be the most effective deterrent That is why Representa- tive BILL YOUNG of Florida added a provision to the defense authorization bill that would allow random testing. If the possibility of polygraph testing is such an important deterrent factor to the Department of Defense, how can we then disallow its use?and thus its deterrent effect on thefts and dishonesty in the private sector. So we've acknowledged that our national security needs requint the protection provided by polygraph exams, yet why are we now saying that our private citizens are not entitled to the same protection? That's foolish. It Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE would be horribly inconsistent to approve the use of the polygraph for the Government, and then prohibit it for the private sector. Yet that's what we're about today. Opponents of the polygraph argue that poly- graph examinees are poorly trained and that the results are inaccurate. However, the poly- graph has consistently proven accurate 85 to 95 percent of the time, and that's why we want our intelligence gathering agencies to use it. In my 8 years as a criminal prosecutor in Louisiana, the polygraph proved to be a valua- ble investigative tool upon which we relied. There were times when charges were actually dropped because of a defendant's perform- ance on a polygraph. The exam is value, it not only helps in catching crooks, but in clear- ing innocent people as well. It is in everyone's interest that polygraph re- sults be as accurate as possible. In Louisiana, laws have been passed which establish guide- lines for the training and licensing of poly- graph examiners, set requirements for the equipment used in the test, and institute pro- tections for the rights of those taking the exam. In fact, according to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 34 States and the District of Columbia now regulate the practices of poly- graph examiners. Although I do not see any purpose in involving the Federal Government in this area at all, it would be better to pass legislation modeled on current State law than to simply outlaw the use of the polygraph in the private sector. That is why I support the Young-Darden substitute amendment. The substitute allows private-sector employ- ers to use polygraphs provided they follow certain guidelines. It protects examiners by making it illegal for examinees to ask ques- tions concerning religious, racial, political or social beliefs. Further, It specifies that poly- graph results may not be used as the sole basis for an employment decision. There are also provisions allowing relief in Federal court for any improper use of the polygraph. This substitute allows the private sector to protect Itself, and us, from dishonest employees, but at the same lime it preserves the rights of all employees from possible polygraph abuses. It Is a fair and reasonable ekternatWe to H.R. 1212. Mr. Chairman, I urge the Members to sup- port the Young-Darden substitute and oppose H.R. 1212. Mr. ROWLAND of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requi- site number of words. (Mr. ROWLAND of Georgia asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. ROWLAND of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, there has been consider- able discussion about the degree of ac- curancy of polygraph examinations. Even the most ardent believer in polygraphs will concede that they are not infallible. Unfortunately, the re- sults of polygraph tests have some- times been treated as absolute fact. It is this kind of abuse that the Young- Darden substitute seeks to eliminate. At the same time, it is my under- standing that over the past 10 to 15 years important strides have been made in the training of examiners, in the sophistication of the testing, and In the quality of the equipment. Poly- graph testing is more reliable as an in- vestigative tool today than it has been in the past. As a physician. I am very aware of the usefulness of electrocardiograms In the diagnosis of a heart condition. But as every physician knows, an elec- trocardiogram does not tell every- thing. While it is an important tool, it Is not the only one which is used to de- termine the cardiac status of a patient. Many other tests are also used. The same is true of a polygraph test. It can be helpful if properly used in conjunction with other investigative procedures. However, given the fact that poly- graph testing is not totally accurate, it Is important that something be done to prevent the abuses. Among other things, the Young-Darden substitute would prohibit any employer from making a decision about an employee based solely on the results of a poly- graph test. Other investigative tech- niques would need to be used to deter- mine whether any action should be taken. I believe that employees deserve pro- tection against the improper use of polygraph examinations. I do not be- lieve that an absolute ban on poly- graphs is the way to provide that pro- tection. In my view, Mr. Chairman, the Young-Darden substitute is an ap- proach that all sides on this issue should be able to support. Mr. HUTTO. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. HUTTO asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. HUTTO. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the Darden-Young substi- tute to the Employee Polygraph Pro- tection Act. My State of Florida first Passed laws regulating the polygraph Industry in 1967. Over that time, the State has developed a system of strin- gent regulations that allow both busi- ness and labor access to the polygraph while minimizing instances of abuse. Florida's former secretary of state, George Firestone, presented testimony to the last Congress detailing our State's experience with the polygraph. I would like to share some of his ob- servations with you. Last year, there were 519 fully li- censed polygraph examiners in Flori- da, conducting an estimated 300,000 tests a year. State law requires that each of those 300.000 individuals he told that they have a right to file a complaint with the secretary of state, yet only one validated complaint aginst an examiner was filed all year. This evidence would lead me to con- clude that polygraph abuse is neither widespread nor prevalent in our State. Furthermore, there is evidence to show that the polygraph can benefit both employers and employees. It benefits our State in that those who are qualified to work can find Jen& And It certainly benefits our citi- zens when they are protected by the H9591 Information from polygraph tests from persons who would use their jobs to commit crimes. In Florida, the polygraph fulfills demonstrated public need to employ- ers, employees, and customers. One of the reasons it serves us so well is be- cause we enforce a strict set of stand- ards, restrictions, and practices regard- ing the polygraph. I support the Young-Darden substi- tute because it respects my States's right to use the polygraph under the regulations that it determines to be appropriate. If Congress were to outlaw polygraph testing in the pri- vate sector, the Federal Government would be denying our citizens jobs, stripping our businesses of an impor- tant tool they need to operate, and in- truding in our legitimate right to manage our own affiars. I urge my colleagues to join with me In supporting the Young-Darden amendment. Mr. RAY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words, and I rise in support of the Darden- Young substitute. (Mr. RAY asked and was given per- mission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. RAY. Mr. Chairman. I wish to compliment the gentleman from Geor- gia IMr. DARDEN] and the gentleman from Florida [Mr. Yourrol for their in- terest in business. These gentlemen are probusineas. They have dug into the situation that is affecting busi- ness. They have come down on the side of being probusiness, and I think they have done a very good job in crafting and bringing together this substitute. Mr. Chairman, today we are consid- ering legislation that those on both skies of the Issue agree would make sweeping changes in the polygraph in- dustry and dramatically affect dozens of other industries that rely on the Polygraph. While all of us would agree that polygraph abuse should be stopped, many of us nonetheless believe that H.R. 1212, which outlaws the poly- graph in many private sector indus- tries, has serious flaws. It sets up a double standard between the Govern- ment and private industry. We should pass legislation that taket a consistent approach to polygraph regulation. Banning the polygraph in many pri- vate sector industries while allowing Its use by Government agencies is in- consistent with Democratic principles. Government officials at all levels? from the CIA to local police forces? have said that the polygraph can be an essential tool in investigations, often providing the key to solving a case. The Congress has passed legisla- tion to require expanded use of the polygraph by the Defense Department to protect our national security. If the polygraph is useful to them, it must be useful for private employers as well. neclassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9592 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. RAY. I yield to the gentleman from Georgia. Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, does the gentleman realize that if this com- mittee bill is adopted, we would not even be able to administer a polygraph test to people who go to work in day care centers before they go to work there? We are told that 52 percent of Amer- ica's mothers with children of the age of 6 are in the work force, and many of these children are taken to day care centers and nursery schools every day while their mothers work. Does the gentleman agree that we have a re- sponsibility to protect these children from the possibility of abuse by unfit employees in these child day care cen- ters? Mr. RAY. Mr. Chairman, I do agree with the gentleman from Georgia. I also would make an inquiry of the gen- tleman, who is, I believe, a former dis- trict attorney in Cobb County, GA. Mr. DARDEN. That is correct. Mr. RAY. I understand the gentle- man had many cases dealing with child abuse in day care centers, or at least the gentleman knew of many cases? Mr. DARDEN. Yes. And in addition to that, if you look at the newspapers over the last several years, there have been rampant examples of abuse by employees of day care centers. All we need to do is call the Congressional Research Service. We found about 40 or 50 such examples just in the past year. We believe this is one more reason why we must have the use of the poly- graph to prohibit people such as this from looking after our children under the guise of caring for them. Mr. RAY. I know the gentleman is aware of this problem, and so am I. The most precious commodity we have Is our children. Certainly we need to do everything we can to protect these children in day care centers. Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman. Mr. RAY. Mr. Chairman, in an arti- cle in the Labor Law Journal, a noted polygraph authority said "If ? ? ? the test is reliable enough to aid in pro- moting public safety by keeping dis- honesty among public employees in check, it must logically follow that pri- vate employers be allowed to impose its use as well." Over the past several decades, we have passed hundreds of bills requir- ing business and industry to protect the health and welfare of their cus- tomers. We require them to accept this responsibility, and we give citizens the right to take them to court if they violate it. The business and industrial manager serves at the first line of defense in protecting the public froin abuses of products, services, and employees. It is in the employer's and the public's in- terest for businesses to monitor their inventories and to screen personnel so that they can detect, correct, and avoid problems before they cause damage or injury. A company's inter- nal controls provide the quickest, the most economical, and the safest solu- tion to many of these problems. This brings me to my second point: not only is the double standard wrong, but so is the triple or quadruple stand- ard that would be created if some busi- nesses were allowed to use polygraph testing and not others. I believe it is essential that we con- sider the needs of industries which use the polygraph to protect the health, safety, and resources of millions of Americans. It is essential that we make sure that the legislation we de- velop addresses their concerns in an appropriate manner. While we have a responsibility to our constitutents to protect them from abusive polygraph exams, we also must make sure that we don't pass a bill that disregards the legitimate needs and concerns of em- ployers. I believe it is possible to strike a balance between the two. The Young-Darden substitute sets up guidelines for those States that have either weak or no polygraph leg- islation. It sets standards which ensure not only that examinees are protected but which require tests to be thorough and given by competent examiners. This legislation recognizes the prac- tical needs of American business and is responsive to the potential harm that can be done to examinees by improp- erly trained testers or others who abuse test results. It recognizes that the States are best able to consider all of these needs and to find the balance that works best for their citizens, using guidelines that we establish at the Federal level. The polygraph has a role to play as one of the tools used by companies in internal investigations, but the poly- graph must be administered fairly and accurately if it is to be effective. The Young-Darden substitute would reg- ulate the polygraph industry to pro- tect employees while serving American business by improving the reliability of polygraph exams: Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. JEFFORDS asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mrs. VUCANOVICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JEFFORDS. I am happy to yield to the gentlewoman from Nevada. (Mrs. VUCANOVICH asked and was given permission to revise and extend her remarks.) Mrs. VUCANOVICH. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the Young-Darden substitute and urge its adoption. This is a good substitute. It is a good bal- anced bill. Mr. Chairman, proponents of H.R. 1212 say that polygraphs don't work; that they aren't re- liable. Well, Mr. Chairman, these same propo- nents of H.R. 1212 have already acknowi- November 4, 1987 edged the legitimacy and efficacy of polygraph testing in some stituations because of the ex- emptions written into this bill As we know, H.R. 1212 proposes to ban polygraph testing by all private employers, except for: First, all Federal, State and local government employ- ers; and second, private employers engaged in governmental intelligence or counterintelli- gence work. The bill specifically exempts em- ployees of the CIA, the National Security Agency, the FBI, and DOD from the ban. In addition, this body has already officially acknowledged how essential polygraph testing is for national security purposes. In the last Congress, and again more recently, during consideration of the Defense Authorization bill, we overwhelmingly endorsed the use of polygraph testing. Unquestionably, there are places and occasions where polygraph testing is vital. So, are we to say that polygraph tests are good and essential; and that a polygraph test is a legitimate tool for use in the public sector, but it is not reliable for the private sector? Is this another double standard Congress pre- sumes to impose? We cannot acknowledge the usefulness?the essential role of poly- graph testing as a legitimate and effective tool for the Government to use, and yet deny its credibility and efficacy for the private sector. Obviously, the polygraph test has a proper place in both Government and private busi- ness. Yes, abuses can and do occur; however, the abuses occur when there are no regula- tions?when there are no standards for train- ing, and when there are no guidelines for con- ducting the tests. The answer is to eliminate the abuses of polygraph testing, not the uses of polygraph testing. Banning the use of the polygraph is throwing the baby out with the bath water. The Young-Darden substitute properly ad- dresses the need for regulating the use of polygraph testing and ensuring that examiners meet certain standards, while at the same time guaranteeing the rights of individuals being examined. This is where our focus should be?recognizing the essential role of polygraph tests, while at the same time recog- nizing the need to provide uniform, strict standards. The Young-Darden substitute is a balanced bill?a reasonable measure that protects both the employee/prospective employee, and the employer. It is a moderate alternative which would allow the private sector the same pro- tections afforded the Government. I urge my colleagues to vote for the Young-Darden sub- stitute. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Chairman, I do not intend to take much time, but I do want to clarify a couple of things. Earlier I spoke and took a position in strong opposition to amendments to this bill, and I am most strongly in op- position to this particular amendment. Something is wrong if the system does not work, and nothing we can do to regulations is going to fix it. My po- sition is that any validity there may be In this is far outweighed by the darn- ages created to the individuals who are forced to go through the polygraph examinatfons, and the general feeling among those who have studied this Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05 CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE issue is that it is no better than a flip of a coin. I did vote for the Gunderson substi- tute because I believe that the intimi- dation factor, which I believe is a pri- mary consideration, can sometimes be successful. In fact, I would point out one incident to the Members where the police, who were very imaginative and did not have a polygraph handy, wired a fellow up to a Xerox machine and started questioning him, and at an appropriate time they pushed a button on the machine where they had previ- ously put in a piece of paper that said, "It's a lie." So when they asked the gentleman as to whether or not he had committed the crime, they pushed the button, and out popped the paper, It said, "It's a lie," and he confessed. I can see that this machine or these kinds of tactics of intimidation can led to some utility, but the question is whether it is utility with respect to preemployment. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JEFFORDS. I yield to the gen- tleman from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman for yield- ing. I agree with the gentleman and the problem that the gentleman expresses about the Xerox machine. Under H.R. 1212 that could still happen. Under the Darden-Young sub- stitute, because we put in place certain safeguards, that could not happen; but under H.R. 1212, the situation that the gentleman is really worried about can still happen. Mr. JEFFORDS. I do not want to stop police officers from being able to do their duty in that kind of fashion. I would say that I think that the bill or the amendment that we have here Is going to create more problems than it solves, and I would like to refer to a colloquy that I had earlier with the gentleman from Texas, because I do not want to leave any impression upon the Members that I made a misstate- ment. I indicated that the DOD study did not show any studies which indicated there was a validity with respect to preemployment screening, or if there was, it was done by a polygraph exam- iner. The gentleman from Texas [Mr. DELAY] took serious exception to that, but the gentleman gave me a list of the studies to which the gentleman relied upon. There was one study that was re- ferred to in the DOD study which in- dicated that there was validity to pre- screening for employment. However, it was by a polygraph screening director of the Polygraph Screening Service in Salt Lake City, UT, Dr. Berland, who Is not referred to as being a polygraph expert on the gentleman's list. There are other studies, the Bursch, Bloom and Edie study, and one was a study by Mr. Horvath, former chief examiner for the largest polygraph in- stitution in the United States, and the others he referred to were studies by a Dr. Raskin. Let me read what he said in testimo- ny before the Senate committee. There is no scientific evidence that poly- graph testing, when used in the conunercial sector for screening, has any scientific valid- ity ? ? ? One thing I would like to point out very clearly is that there is a substantial dif- ference between its use in criminal investi- gation and in national security applications as compared to commercial screening appli- cations. Except that one study done by a polygraph operator, that has shown any validity to preemployment screen- ing, and we are dealing with that here. I could take a little issue with the gentleman from Florida that we cannot still have quickies on this, be- cause the amendment only says that they must set aside 1 hour. It does not say that they have to have an exam that lasts at least an hour, so I do not think it does all the gentleman hopes it will do. We should not be validating some- thing which has never been proven to be validated, except in one city by a polygraph operator. Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. DELAY asked and was given per- mission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. DELAY. Mr. Chairman, I wish to answer the gentleman from' Vermont, the gentleman's statement that there Is only one study on preemployment polygraph examination. I would like to clear it up. There is one study in the Department of De- fense survey of 42 studies. There are 42 studies in 1 survey. I would also like to point out that they are not the only studies that have been done on preemployment polygraph examination, the effects of motivation. There is another survey, a review of the scientific literature of the validity, reliability and utility of polygraph techniques and many others that I could refer to. There are more studies than have been quoted by the proponents of this bill. They say the AMA and the ()TA have done studies. I can show you 42 in 1 survey and hundreds from all over the world, Canada, Israel, and other countries in this world in this particu- lar review. Every one of them says that there is some validity in some way, or I should not say every one of them, but the vast majority of them say that there is validity in the polygraph system, and most of them say that there is at least validity in at least 80, if not 95, per- cent of the examinations taken. That is not the point. They have brought up a few studies. We have brought up many, many studies that are done to attest to the validity. H 9593 I think the real validity is if the polygraph is not WV good, then why are so many people using it? Why has this House recognised that it would be valid in the case of drugs and financial Institutions and in the Government? It is valid. There is no argument. There is one opinion by this side, and our opinion is that it is valid. The point is that it is valid, and this substitute restricts and gives you crite- ria by which it is not abused and gives certain minimums by which you can hold the examiner's feet to the fire. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. DELAY. I yield to the gentleman from Florida. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman for yield- ing. On the subject of accuracy and ef- fectiveness of the polygraph, 2 years ago this House and the Congress cre- ated a temporary test program in the Department of Defense for polygraph, and a school for polygraph examiners was established at Fort McClellan, AL. Under this test program, poly- graphers for the Department of De- fense conducted 9,500 exams The De- partment of Defense did a random survey of those people who took those polygraph tests, and found that 99 percent did not think that the poly- graph was unfair in any Way, or that it was objectionable or an unwarranted invasion of privacy. Based on this study, this House and the conferees committee on the au- thorization bill now have agreed, to make the test program a permanent program because they are satisfied it works when you do it right. We are trying to put in place the same professional requirements that the Department of Defense is using at their school at Fort McClellan, AL Mr. DELAY. The gentleman from Vermont did not refer to the other studies done on postincidents, crime detection, and others that were done that were highly effective, so what the gentleman is saying, and what most of them are basing the invalidity of a polygraph on is saying that there are no major studies done on prescreen- ing, but there have been many studies done on criminal investigations, post- incident investigations that show time and time again that it is a valid process. You cannot have it both ways, where It is not valid for prescreening, so it is not valid for anything. It is valid, and we all know it is valid, and it ought to be used to protect the citizens of America. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. I would like to share with the Mem- bers an article that I found in my desk today. It is interesting, and I had not seen this when I came over earlier in the day and got involved in the debate. Let me quote a few relevant passag- es. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9694 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Donald Davis is al2-year-old worker, and so on, and was grilled extensively by pollee arterreporting his vrifei dis- appearenee =January 12. He fluitrodisovery time he was asked if he had killer her. I will skip down in the article. "They asked me If I killed my wife with a gun era knife or my hands, and they asked me if I threw her off a mountain er in a lake or a river or a reek quarry," he The polygraph repcut.showed a long list of questions, each asking if he killed the woman or knew where she was, or if she was alive. ? Beside each question was Davis* re- sponse of no, along with the word "de- ception."' The story goes on to point out that his wife returned. She left town, had gone to somewhere in Florida. She said she wanted to find out if she could make it on her own. She was gene 6 Weeks, and somehow called home and talked to a girlfriend;? ,and the girlfriendtold her about the prob- lems her Ameba= was lasing and be- cause she returned, he was not con- victed of iiiiirder. The .artlele ends with it quote from Mr. Davis *ben be sans. Wasn't lying. It Was that-lie detector that was hang." . _ _ There are neventl major problems with this ProPeerd to WM Widespread he-det etm'teeta. and the first elle is it very biadeetmantutkatat nuestlen: The question of our system of notice. - - Under- ettel tgallern we luistime that our MINK tiM Peogfe Of thninetintrY. see bitteeent ant& proven guilty. The wigeepnimi of lie-detoctot tests San Weft "Odle that you are guiltY, and you malt Wove -rem innocence, and heworeVetillotortO de it You are Molter ft/ dolt with a gadget that our note distingulehed Senator from North- COOS= called 20th-ten- Vey ?-witeltersift. These gadgets do not nark I Rooked-at some of the stud** the dbilingukilled gentleman 'front Tema was emoting Weer one of those stud: les I meld *ad same Weasel word, seine waysof quanfying that study to make It dear ?that these lie detectors steak:WY net Tellable. I have net seen these comments, but it has been said over and over again today that the American Medical As- sociation Is against the use of these gadgets, that the American Psycholog- ical Association, the experts on test- ing, are against using these gadgets. Let us pay some attention to them experts in the field. We are running the grave risk, of putting American people at great risk in an attempt to find some quick fix for a very serious problem Let me tame by making the Members to ask remedies this question: Would you like to anbieet your future, your future.thkoPtsettrte to work and In setae indatices het; to this little blaerbele; Igen Wale Sedge, plot ?sente person, usually a person that is net highly trained or qualified, would you want to subject your life, your future to this kind of gadget? If you answer yes, I guess you can say yes, this is just nenderful. Let us run ahead with these kinds of tests, but this is a very dangerous precedent. It has been said over and over again today that we are being hypocritical when we say we ought to let the Fed- eral Government. the Intelligence agencies of our country use these gadgets but not let private business, and that Is absolutely correct. - If we let our intelligence agencies use these gadgets and rely upon them for important national security ques- tions, we subject our country to great danger. I would urge the Members net to continue to' let the intelligence agen- cies of this country use these gadgets In away that might put our country in great jeopardy. There are mental techniques that can be used, drugs that can be taken se people can defeat these tests, and we roma grwre risk- The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman frora Noe*. Carolina Dar. Naar.) has expired. - (On request of hit. Swrantu., and by unanimous consent, Mr. Nem. mg al- lowed to proceed for 1 additional minute.) Mr. SWINDALL. Mr. Chairman, will *engagers= yietd? Mr. NEAL. I yield to the gentleman fie* Otieratlit /0. SWIND4.L4. Mr. Chain, thank the gentiegaan for yielding to me- First of all, what would the gentle- man 40 about- the eituation which I addressed earlier where there is a con- victed ex-eon who desires to have a polygraph to clear his or her good name? What would the gentleman do for that person? Mr. NEAL, I would have to say to that person, you cannot de it with these gadgets, because they are Inher- ently unreliable. I have a hearing record of hearings held before the Committee on Govern- ment Operations when we heard wit- ness after witness testify to the point, to the fact that these gadgets are not reliable; and for that reason. I would have to say to the gentleman, you cannot depend on tb.ese gadgets to nally determine kuunience or guilt. Mr. SWINDALL. Under that scenar- io, the person lopes his Job, so what couldbe worse? 2045 Mr. NEAL. Many people are going to lose their jobs, just like this poor fellow here. This fellow could have ended up, **Lie Detector Tells Fin" the headline stda., ,Trite tenon could hese ended up dead because of it fanny Ile detector, /dr. sAverizrr. Mr. elitirrosn, move to strike the reqtdene number of November 4, 1987 words. I rise to speak in favor 'of the substitute. Mr. Chairman, I will not take the entire S Minntes, but. I must my in re- sponse to My *pod Mend, the gentle- man from North Carolina. who is very eloquent, that ?I want to call to the at- tention of the gentleman and the at- tention of the House In the example that the gentionan used of a law en- forcement .1Ie detector or, polygraph which later, proved: to be false- is ex- foliate Penaitted and ? authorized under the bill that is before us; so if you want to eliminate or to restrict any ,abuses that you may see happen- ing in law enforcement, then You should mote against the bill. ? On the other . hand.. ?the Darden- Young substitute ?that is before us would eatablisk :minimum atandards for polygraph examiners; require- ments that the naintiene be in writing and a whole host of other standards; so if the gentleman is irderested, as I know he Is, in curing the problem that he specifically ? eited,?-thet Is, a Poly- graph that was used in a law. enforce- resat met and it Stirried? out to be in- correct,- that he dieted , vote for the substitute . which, will establiah nuani stands/di; naprove these stand- ards; mini- mid ortabliithatteldinde for P017' grant' examiners and esimeinationa The Pluuse needs: to understand there-are two WitIoettire: to, Thema* bet nountsornhildt:inattagen the nee of a tooligraPh iiti Whjund regard to, Whether It smote 'standards or net, orcept fbr-00,?.0.t work. For Government ,werk.:- cj*-Standerds are given hi thelnli at all.,pt ORO. On the Clner Itialtt; there is the Paden-7'0u* ,ienxitintte-, that.. Would say thatif theie had tannidniseti In coll'itragol, if there arelitandattle?that ought to be odepted?, we *fit adapt those standard*" for allOaMW Mr. NEAL. Mr. Cb? WM the gentleman,yleldf ? ? Mr. HARTLETT;Yee. t.gield to the gentler frtorri North 'Carolina. Mr. NEAL. Well, Mr. Chairman. I would Just like to make one point. I do not mean to be ton facetious. I am quoting *Om a statatient b & *gin- guished Member of this I would say I would considet estab- lishing standards, for these ao-called lie detector tests about like establishing standards for the diudting stool, the rack, and the tiring squid. These are all techniques for eliciting a.Partioular response, but, submit to my. good friend and my distingulshed.colleogue that these. lie-detector tests ,are no more accurate , than the gadget. that they used to dunk people to determine If they were liars. ? Mr. sairrEarr. I understand. Mr. =AL. would be we would not proceed. With 'thoae things in this modern-day Mr. ,m 1 underetand the gentifirerno "Medartnindon. 1' did not make that idatniatatt end the Patie- nt= did netbut the-bill that the gen- Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November 4, 1987 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE H 9595 tleman from North Carolina plans to vote for and is speaking for establishes no standards whatsoever for Govern- ment uses, none, not one. If it is a gov- ernment use, if it is a law enforcement agency, if it is the Congress of the United States, we will have no stand- ards, not one; but under the Darden- Young bill we would establish at least some standards for all uses of the polygraph. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield one more time? Mr. BARTLETT. I yield to the gen- tleman from North Carolina. Mr. NEAL. Let me say, Mr. Chair- man, I share that concern and I would hope that we would understand that these gadgets are inherently unreli- able and not depend on them for the Government use. If we can stop their widespread use, which I believe to be unconstitutional and unreliable with the American public, maybe we can move to stop their use in the Govern- ment also. Mr. BARTLETT. I understand what the gentleman is saying. That is not the subject that is before the House. We have two bills before the House. We can choose one to prohibit all uses in private industry and no standards at all in the public sector, or two, we can acknowledge that we should estab- lish some standards, minimum stand- ards, and some licensing requirements for the use of the polygraph. I urge the House to take the other course, the Darden-Young course, for the minimum standards. Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. OBERSTAR asked and was given permission to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Chairman, if the claims of its supporters can be be- lieved, the polygraph is truly an amaz- ing device. It is supposed to measure our intangible thoughts; determine if we are telling the truth or telling a lie; it is supposed to help police and pros- ecutors determine the truth of a sus- pect's statements, and thereby deter- mine probable guilt or innocence. It is supposed to aid employers to weed out those prospective employees who would be prone to lie, to cheat, and to steal. If all those claims are believed, the polygraph is truly an amazing device. It can find that most elusive of all human qualities: truth. Unfortunately, the fact is that the polygraph does not measure truth and it does not measure falsehood. It can only measure physical reactions such as blood pressure, heart beat, perspira- tion, and then technicians take those reactions and measure them against research figures to determine if the subject is uncomfortable enough to be suspected of telling a lie. What type of device is this to inflict upon human beings, who as the gen- tleman from North Carolina so elo- quently said, under our Constitution and under our system or jurisprudence are presumed to be innocent until proven guilty. Polygraph testing has expanded in recent years in the private sector, as businesses have sought them out and used these devices for preemployment screening, for internal security investi- gations to determine who gets hired and who gets fired, who advances in his or her career and who is set aside. At the same time, the validity of poly- graph testing has come into wide ques- tion all across this country. The Office of Technology Assessment has report- ed that available research evidence does not establish the scientific validi- ty of polygraph testing for personnel security screening. Twenty-two States and the District of Columbia have restrictions on the use of polygraphs for testing for pri- vate employment, but that is not enough. Companies can circumvent that provision by hiring people in States that do not restrain or restrict or prohibit polygraph testing and then transfer their personnel' into those more restrictive States. The numbers speak for themselves. The American Polygraph Association says that 98 percent of the 2 million polygraph tests given each year are given by private business, three- fourths of those for preemployment screening. I cannot think of a more in- trusive and dangerous device to inflict upon the people of this country than polygraph testing on such a wide- spread indiscriminate basis. I think this legislation is a reasona- ble approach, one that protects the in- tegrity of the individual and it is a bill that we ought to pass. Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. (Mr. FRENZEL asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks.) Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Chairman, I am one who has had some experience with these particular kinds of machines in private business and in all the cases where I saw it applied, there was a positive result. I have not heard anyone claim a hundred percent accu- racy for the process. I have not heard anyone claim a hundred percent accu- racy for interviews or drug tests or even thermometers, as far as that goes. I myself probably am a dangerous weapon. I interview a lot of employees. I am certainly not a skilled interview- er. I am considerably less dangerous than a polygraph. But what this bill does is to bar the use of polygraphs. It means you cannot use them in connection with any other system, machinery or proc- esses, that you might want to use to check on employees in which cases you need some very strong security. The bill is a little bit inconsistent be- cause it does allow exceptions, and as the gentleman from Florida has point- ed out, you are going to have poly- graph use whether this bill passes or not. My personal preference would be that there would be no messing around in the private use of poly- graphs by the Congress. I understand 41 States have laws on the books relating to polygraph use or standards, and in my judgment it is a splendid area in which the States should legislate and a wonderful area for the heroes of Congress to stop messing; but if we are going to pass a bill, we certainly should have the good sense to accept the Young-Darden sub- stitute, because at least there we have some consistent principles that will protect everyone, not just those who were fortunate enough to get exclu- sions from the bill. I think any rule of good reason and sanity would lead us to support the Darden-Young substitute, if indeed we have to legislate in this field at all. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. I raise in opposition to the amendment, but really for the purpose of thanking my colleagues who have been more than patient during what has been really a good debate and has focused by both the opponents of my bill and the supporters of my bill and the opponents and supporters of the substitute now before us have focused on the merits and the demerits of the lie detector. We are now approaching just a few minutes short of 10 hours on this bill. It is interesting that we can pass a rec- onciliation bill within an hour. We can spend $100 billion within just a few minutes with no debate, but it takes 10 hours to get passed an emotional issue like this. The debate has been good. The at- tention has been good. Mr. Chairman, orderliness of the House has of course been excellent and we appreciate everyone's involve- ment in this. I would also remind the Members that we just finished voting on this a year ago on this very substitute and turned it down 173 to 241. I urge you to turn it down again tonight. Mr. BILIRAKLS. Mr: Chairman, I move to strike the requisite number of words. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentle- man from Florida [Mr. Y017NG]. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I thank the gentleman for yield- ing. I will be very brief. I listened to the debate of those who say that the polygraph does not work. If it does not work, I say to my dear friends and colleagues, if it does not work, why are you supporting a bill that allows it to be used in all the Fed- eral Government, every State govern- ment, every county, every city, and every political subdivision in America, the FBI, contractors, security guards, those involved in the drug industry? If it does not work, why are you going to support a bill that allows it to be used Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE Neveathar4, 1987 without, OW professionalism in mil- lions end millione of oases? , - I thank tilletiontlentan for Pieltibitg. Mr. BLIARAKUL Mr. Cliairman, endorse the ,Iyetthleatan's remarks and ask that. we suppeet?the bill. Mr. PARFilikAtt,Cheirinan. Our oationld se- way agencies repeatedly come to to asking for authosily to otinduct polygraph examina- tions as part of- their programa to mord our national sects* So tar this year. this ;body has voted twice to, support. mesa=? that provide for, poly- graph testing-by the Federal .Government. May 11, themote wee 346 to 44 in favor of an amendment. offered, by the gentleman from Florida Wir. YOUtiel to the Defense Detail- meat aultiontallon bet The measure *deb- Ashes a "permanent polygraph program for na- - tionatationseagenoles. , - Then lust 1 mcinth freer, on June 16, there was a unanireotat -vote to back- an amendment offered by the gentleman from -Florida (Mr. MICA) to the' Math Depertrosnrs adhorization bill. That amendmentincludedianguago to l'a- quire cowtietintelligence polygraph EXantfle. bons for MeMiXtrik Of the Dittiomatte Security Services. The increasing prevalence of espionage and dwelt if, our Government underscores the need fer polygraph examinations. And these latest votes, -whish are only the 'sleet in a swish Ow air oonsistentbacking -for the use etpolyeraph teeing to protect stsnation- at seoudItt The Congren Nese Mies on the use of polygraph awatialtedions toprotect this building and the Members and staff who work, hem. The Capitol-Pales ass the, polygraph to sages:their amMicants and to twestigate spe- cific incidwits. Incelding suspected drug use. That the -Compress Cella on the polygraph is still another testament to its value. The need for polygraph testing in protect eves, propany ant valuabie ink:inflation does not end here. The polygraph is indispensable in polite** the customers, employees, in- ventories and assets of American business and industry as AVIA and they also are entitled to access to-the polygraph. We would be establishing a dangerous double standard if we were to approve this legislaSon to strip business and industry of access to the same investigative toot that the Government obviously finds to be so useful. Private business and industry also have a serious responsibility to protect people and assets. The polygiaph enables them to better carry out theft responsiblities to protect the health and welfare of our citizens. I urge my colleagues to oppose the ban on polygraph testing in the private sector end in- stead to support the more reasonable, and workable, measure introduced by the gentle- man from Florida [Mr. Vowel and the gentle- man from Georgia [Mr. DARD64] to set nation- wide standards for testing and examiner quali- fications. If the polygraph technique is accept- abie in protecting national security arid other Government interests, if should also be ac- ceptable to protect the interests of business and Marshy. Mr. DREIER of California. Mr. Chairman. I rise today is support of the Young-Denien substitute es the Polygraph Reform Act. The substitute better liddresses the concerns of employees** iiinpicgers over abuse in ad- ministering polygraph SOMMIOMMAL This 01610418 would. gusranten.specific itghts, ,to employees asked to take a .polygraph and would-impose stringent Federal standards on polygrithlt,otaminers. to addition, the subs* latecespenstlietights et Stale and local gov- ernments Isismose their own more stringent slander* on the polygraph, industry. Though not Wallas. polygraphs have dem- onstrated a certain acomacy in determining a subtects tndlikdoess. I do not believe an em- ;toyer should be deprived of die useful tool as a memo to hire trustworthy employees any more -then he should be deprived of the im- peding tedmiques, eta personal interview, ref- -*eons or mitten application. All of these loath should be used together to :select the most griddled candidate. I would like to point out that the Young-Darderr -substitute would wows that no: entplownent deflation would be made based sole* span the results of a poly- graph examination or an employee's refusal to- take a PolYgraPn- Vihen the House paladin the 99th Con- gress a similar ban on the use ot polygraph seaminations in the private sector, a number of nomptions were added to the bill which had the effect of permitting polygraph tests in selected industrtes. VA*. I supported these iletemplicwok Congress amnia a 'double stand- ani by enempeng day care facilities, nursing homes. pharmaceutical firms, armored -air and -minty guard agencies. and the nuclear power industry from the ben on polygraph es- antinations. Ely retaining the use of the poly- waph for all titivate sector eropbyers the Young-Darden substitute would treat all indus- tries equally. Mr. MONTGOMERY, Mr. Chairman, as we debate the melts of the polygraph technique and its value Si the workplace, I ask my col- leagues to focus for a moment, on a larger Issue at stake hare. Namely: the Constitution. It is our responsibility to protectand ensure the proper balance of power between the States and the Federal Government. There is no constitutional basis for a Feder- al ban on polygraph testae in the pirate sector. Article I Odes* states: The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution. nor Prohibited by It to the State*, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Thirty-one States already have passed poly- graph legislation. At Nast four of them chose to outlaw polygraph testing completely. The others have developed various regulatory ap- proaches that meow polygraph testing under certairl conditions. It is clear VW the States are accepting their responsibility to regulate this controversial in- strument. The approach presented to us today to ban the polygraph is an overreaction that under- mines the hard and careful work that the States we doing to develop their own bodies of law. The principles of federalism call on us not to intervene in matters that are the re- sponsibility of the States and in which there is no overriding need for a uniform national POW In fact, the heated debate among scientists and academicians about the validity of the polygraph is 43Widenoe that this issue has not bees noisived to the point that any national point could be lorraulated. This appears to be an appropriate was in which to .allow the States to develop various approaches that auk their citizensbast, Andlbot are demonstragrig their *NW to dollish -Further. *hasfradliensity been the purview of the States Itt-legillte cornmetwas Within their. batman's: They base eiechenisms to certify that asse-whodelivar health Ices in to residents arequellfied to do so. They ovetess inewsnos. and. real :estate -brokers, utility companies, disallow lawyers, and den- tists,* nantsjusts tow. - The Stades we equipped to regulate the services altered- by polygraph mesminers as well, as meat have demonstrated by passing gear own legieletion. - Assistant Paniney Gemmed John Bolton sent e letter to the. Congress addressing this into. No mirk - Polystaph intense may be more appropri- ately deterred by restricting the conditions under width. Poinrephi are administered rather than prohibiting:their-me altogeth- er. The States are better equipped to make those detentrksationa He suggsalet that the States can .provide avenues for app.* it someone feels his or her rights have been violated. States also can regulate the finds of questions that we asked, the equipment that is used, and the qualifica- toned examiners. I agree with Mr. Bolton that the Federal Government should not prohibit the use-of the polygraph in the private sector. There should not- be a flat, nationwide ban on the poly- graph, but its* use *hated lati regulated on a case-by-cove, and State-by-State basis, as provided-try-the Constitulond- - The ClIAIRMAN. The (Mention is on the amendment in the nature of a sub- stitute offered by the gentleman from Florida (Mr. Yeurie3.' The question owe taken; and the Chairman "announced that the noes appeared to have it. SWOPS= TOTE Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Chair- man, I demand a recorded vote. A recorded vote was Ordered. The vote wait taken by electronic device. and there were?ayes 169, noes 242. not voting 22. as follows: Moll No. 4131 Anderson Archer Anney Badharn Baker Ballenger Barnard Bartlett Batman Bennett Bentley Bereuter Bevill Biliraus Bliley Boulter Broomfield Buechner Bunning Burton Byron Callahan CamPbell Chandler Chapman Cherwell Cheney Coate Coble Coleman (MO) Cembeet Craig AYE-189 Dammeyer HefleY Darden Hefner Daub Herter de la Claraa Wier MIAS Hochbruedisser Derrick Holloway DeWine Hopkins Dickinson lincitaby DioGuardl Hunter Doriwi (CA) Hutto Dowdy Hyde Dreier Inhofe Edwards (OK) Ireland Emerson Jenkins Erdreich Jones (TN) Fawn ICasich Fields Konnyu Flippo Kyl Frensel Latomarsino GalleglY Latta Gekas Leath (TX) Goodling Lent Gradison Lewis (CA) Grant Lewis (FL) Gunderson Lightfoot Hall (OH) Livingston Hall (TX) Lowery (CA) Hamraersehmidt Luian Hansen Lukens. Donald Hastert Lungren nether Mack Hayes (1.1i) MacKay Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05 : CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 November .4,1987 Madigan Ravenel Martenee Ray Martin (NY) Rhodes McCandleso Roberts McCollum Rimers MeEwen Roth McGrath Rouketna McMillan (NC, Rewland(CIA) Meyers Saiki Mica Schaefer Michel Schuette Miller (OH) Schulze Montgomery Sensenbrenner Moorhead Shaw Morrison (WA) Shumway Myers Shuster Nelson Nokia Nichols Skeen Ortiz Slaughter (VA) ?Klee Smith (NS) Packard Smith (TX) Parris Smith, Denny Pastrami (OR) Pickle Smith, Robert Porter (NH) Quillen Smith, Robert (OR) NOES-242 Ackerman Fogttetta Murk& Foley Alexander Ford (MI) Andrews Ford (TN) Annunzio Frank Anthony Frost Applegate Gallo Aspin Garcia Attain Clanks AuCoin Cleidenson Barton Cllbbons Bates Gilman Bellenson Glickman Berman Gonzalez Bilbray Gorden Boehlert Grandy Boggs Gray (IL) Boland Gray (PA) Bonier Green Bonker Gregg Boroki Guarini Bosco Hamilton Beecher Harris Boxer Hawkins Brennan Hayes (IL) Brooks Henry Brown (CA) Hertel Bruce Horton Bryant Houghton Bustarnante Hoyer Cardin Hubbard Carper Hughes Clarke Jacobs Clinger Jeffords Coelho Johnson (CT) Coleman (TX) Johnson (SD) Collins Jontz Conte Kartjorski Conyers Kastenrneler Cooper Kennedy Coughlin Kennelly Courter Kildee Coyne Kleezka Crockett Kolbe Davis (IL) Hotter Davis (MI) Kostmayer DeFazio LaFalce Dellurns Lancaster Dicks Lantos Dingell Leach (IA) Dixon Lehman (CA) Donnelly Lehman (FL) Dorgan (ND) Leland Downey Levin (MI) Durbin Levine (CA) Dwyer Lewis (GA) Dymally Lloyd Dyson Lowry (WA) Early Luken, Thomas Eckert Manton Edwards (CA) Markey English Martin (IL) Espy Martam Evans Matsui Fascell Mavroules Fazio Mazzoll Feighan McCloskey Fish McCurdy Flake McDade Florio McHugh CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Solomon SPence Stangeland Stenholm Stratton Stump Sundquist Sweeney Swindell Tauzin Taylor Thomas (CA) Thomas (GA) Upton Valentine Vander Jagt Viscaneviels Walker Whittaker Wolf Wortley Wylie Young (FL) McMillen (MD) Winne Miller (CA) Miller (WA) Mineta Moakley Mollohan Moody Morella Morrison (CT) Mrazek Murphy -Murtha Nagle Hatcher Neal Nielson Nowak Dakar Oberstar Obey Olin Owens (NY) Panetta Patterson Pease Pelost Penny Pepper Perkins Petri Pickett Price (IL) Price (NC) Pitmen Ashen Rangel Regula Richardson Ridge Rinaldo Ritter Robinson Recline Roe Rose Rostenkowski Rowland (CT) Roybal Russo Sabo Savage Sawyer Saxton Seheuer Schneider Schroeder Schumer Shays Sikerski Skaggs Skelton Slattery Slaughter (NY) Smith (FL) Smith (IA) Smith Ci.T1 Snowe Solara Sprott St Germain Staggers Stallings Stark Stokes Studds Swift Einar Talton Taulte Torres Biaggi Brown (CO) Carr Clay Crane Daniel ?mean Gephardt Torricelli Towns Trate:ant Treader Vento Viscloske Vollmer Walmen Watkins Weber Weldon Wheat Whttten Williams Wilson Wise Welpe Wyden Yates Yatron Young (AK) Owens (UT) Roemer Sharp Odail WORRIBD Weiss NOT VOTING-22 Gingrich Howard Jones (NC) KaPtur Kemp Lipinski Lott Molinari 0 2110 The Clerk announced the following pairs: On this vote: Mr. Roemer for, with Mr. Gephardt against. Mr. Brown of Colorado for, with Ms. Raptor against. Mr. Loftier. with Mr. Weiss against. Mrs. BOXER changed her vote from "aye" to "no". Mr. CAMPBELL changed his vote from "no" to "aye." So the amendment in the nature of a substitute was rejected. The result of the vote was an- nounced as above recorded. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the Committee amendment in the nature of a substitute, as amended. The Committee amendment in the nature to. asubstitute, as amended. w The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the Committee rises. Accordingly the Committee rose; and the Speaker pro tempore (Mr. FOLEY] having assumed the chair, Mr. Gortzeuzz. Chairman of the Commit- tee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, reported that that Com- mittee, having had under consider- ation the bill (H.R. 1212) to prevent the denial of employment opportuni- ties by prohibiting the use of lie detec- tors by employers involved in or af- fecting interstate commerce, pursuant to House Resolution 295, he reported the bill back to the House with an amendment adopted by the Commit- tee of the Whole. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the rule, the previous question is or- dered. Is a separate vote demanded on any amendment to the Committee amend- ment in the nature of a substitute adopted by the Committee of the Whole? If not, the question is on the amendment. The amendment was agreed to. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the engrossment and third reading of the bill. The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, and was read the third time. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the passage of the bill. 11 9597 INICOASSIS von Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Speaker. I demand a recorded votel. A recorded vote was Ordered. The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were?ayes 254, noes 158, not voting 21. as follows: Ackerman Akita Alexander Anderson Andrews Annanzio Anthony Applegate Aspin Atkins AuCoin Bates Beifenson Bentley Berman Berth Bilbray Boehlert Beggs Boland Bonior Honker Borski BOSCO Boucher Emitter Boxer Brennan Brooks Broomfield Brown (CA) Bruce Bryant Bustamante Byron Campbell Cardin Carper Clarke Clinger Coelho Coleman (TX) Collins Conte Conyers Cooper Coughlin Courter Coyne Crockett Davis (IL) Davis (MI) DeFazio Denims Dicks Dingell Dixon Donnelly Dorgan (ND) Dowdy Downey Durbin Dwyer Dyrnally Dyson Early Eckert Edwards (CA) English Erdreich ESPY Evans Farwell Fazio Feighan Fish Flake Flippo Florio Feglietta Foley Ford (MI) Ford (TIM Frank Gallo (Roll No. 4141 AYES-254 Garcia Ortiz Gaydos Owens (NY) Geidenson Panetta Gibbons Pashayan Gilman Pease Glickman Peloal Gonzalez Penny Gordon Pepper Gray (IL) Perkins Gray (PA) Petri Green Pickle Gregg Price (IL) Guarini Price (NC) Hamilton Purse(' Harris Quillen Hawkins Rahail Hayes (IL) Rangel Hayes (LA) Regula Henry Richardson Hertel Ridge Hochbs s.)Jum. Rinaldo Horton Ritter Houghton Robinson Royer Rodino Hubbard Roe Hughes Rose Jacobs Rostenkowski Jeffords Rowland (CT) Johnson (CP) RoYbal Johnson (19D) Russo Jontz Sabo Kanjorski Savage Hastenmeter Sawyer Kennedy Saxton Kennelly Scheuer Kildee Schneider Kleczka Schroeder Hotter Schuette Kostmayer Shays LaFaice Sikorski Lancaster Skaggs Lantos Skelton Leach (IA) Slattery Lehman (CA) Slaughter (NY) Lehman (FL) Smith (FL) Leland Smith (IA) Levin (MD Smith (NJ) Levine (CA) Snowe Lewis (GA) Solara Lloyd St Germain Lowry (WA) Staggers Luken, Thomas Stallings Manton Stark Markey Stokes Martin (IL) Stratton Martinez Studds Matsui Swift Mavroules *noir Mazzoli Tauke eleCloskey Tauzin McCurdy Tones McDade Terricelli McHugh Towns McMillen (MD) Traficant Mlume Treater Miller (CA) Upton Miller (WA) Viusder Jagt Mineta Vento Moakley Vtsclosky Mollohan Volknier Moody Walgren Morella Watkins Morrison (CT) Weber Mrazek Weiss Murphy Wheat Murtha Whitten NW* Williams Hatcher Wilson Neal Wise Nielson Wolpe Nowak Wyden Oakar Yates ?heroine Yatron Obey Young (AK) Olin neclassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3 H 9598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE November3 1987 NOES--1158 Archer Hansen Packard ArmeY Hastert Parris Badham Hatcher Patterson Baker Hefley Pickett Ballenger Hefner Porter Barnard Merger Ravenel Bartlett Hiler Ray Barton Holloway Rhodes Bateman Hopkins Roberts Bennett Huckaby Rogers Bereuter Hunter Roth Bilirakis Hutto Roukema Bliley Hyde Rowland (GA) Buechner Inhofe Solid Bunning Ireland Schaefer Burton Jenkins Schulze Callahan Jones (TN) Sensenbrennez Chandler Kasich Shaw Chapman Kolbe Shumway Chappell Konnyu Shuster Cheney Kyl Sisisky Coats Lagomarsino Skeen Coble Latta Slaughter (VA) Coleman (MO) Leath (TX) Smith (NE) Combest Lent Smith (TX) Craig Lewis (CA) Smith, Denny Danriemeyer Lewis (FL) (OR) Darden Lightfoot Smith, Robert Daub Livingston (NH) de la Garza Lowery (CA) Smith, Robert DeLay Lujan (OR) Derrick Lukens, Donald Solomon DeWine Lungren Spence Dickinson Mack Sprott DioGuardi MacKay Stangeland Dornan (CA) Madigan Stenholm Dreier Marlenee Stump Edwards (OK) Martin (NY) Sundquist Emerson McCandless Sweeney Powell McCollum Swindell Fields McEwen . Tallon Frenzel McGrath Taylor Frost McMillan (NC) Thomas (CA) Gallegly Meyers Thomas (GA) Gekas Mica Valentine Gingrich Michel Vucanovich Goodling Miller (OH) Walker Gradison Montgomery Weldon Grandy Moorhead Whittaker Grant Morrison (WA) Wolf Gunderson Myers Wortley Hall (OH) Nelson Wylie Hall (TX) Nichols Young (FL) Hammerachmidt Oxley NOT VOTING-21 Biaggi Gephardt Molinari Brown (CC)) Howard Owens (UT) Carr Jones (NC) Roemer Clay Kaptur Schumer Crane Kemp Sharp Daniel Lipinski DdaU Duncan Lott Waxman 0 2125 The Clerk announced the following pairs: On this vote: Mr. Gephardt for, with Mr. Brown of Col- orado against. Mr. Kemp for, with Mr. Crane against. Ms. Kaptur for, with Mr. Lott against. So the bill was passed. The result of the vote was an- nounced as above recorded. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. AUTHORIZING THE CLERK TO MAKE CORRECTIONS IN THE ENGROSSMENT OF H.R. 1212, EMPLOYEE POLYGRAPH PRO- TECTION ACT Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that in the en- grossment of the bill, the Clerk be au- thorized to make corrections in section numbers, punctuation, and cross-refer- ences and to make such other techni- cal and conforming changes as may be necessary to reflect the actions of the House in amending the bill, H.R. 1212, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. DURBIN). Is there objection to the re- quest of the gentleman from Califor- nia? There was no objection. GENERAL LEAVE Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days in which to revise and extend their remarks on H.R. 1212, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act, the bill just passed. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from California? There was no objection. REPORT ON RESOLUTION PRO- VIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 394, FURTHER CONTINUING AP- PROPRIATIONS, FISCAL YEAR 1988 Mr. PEPPER, from the Committee on Rules, submitted a privileged report (Rept. No. 100-419) on the reso- lution (H. Res. 302) providing for the consideration of the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 394) making further con- tinuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1988, and for other purposes, which was referred to the House Cal- endar and ordered to be printed. REPORT ON RESOLUTION PRO- VIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 435, UNIFORM POLL CLOSING TIME FOR PRESIDEN- TIAL ELECTIONS Mr. PEPPER, from the Committee on Rules submitted a privileged report (Rept. No. 100-240) on the resolution (H. Res. 303) providing for the consid- eration of the bill (H.R. 435) to amend title 3, United States Code, and the Uniform Time Act of 1966 to establish a single poll closing time in the conti- nental United States for Presidential general elections, which was referred to the House Calendar and ordered to be printed. RESIGNATION AS MEMBER OF COAOLII-rrik: ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS The SPEAKER pro tempore laid before the House the following resig- nation as a member of the Committee on Government Operations: Sousa OF REPRESENTATIVES, Washington, DC, November 4, 1987. Hon. Jut WRIGHT, Speaker of the House, H-204 Capitol, Wash- ington, DC. DEAR Ma. SPEAKER: Effective today, I tender my resignation from the House Com- mittee on Government Operations. With kind regards. I KM, Sincerely, Emu KOENTU, Member of 0011gren. The SPEAKER pro tempore. With- out objection, the resignation is ac- cepted. There was no objection. RESIGNATION AS MEMBER OF COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES The SPEAKER pro tempore laid before the House the following resig- nation as a member of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. noun OF REPRESENTATIVES, Washington, DC, November 4, 1987. Hon. Jim WRIGHT, Speaker of the House, The Capitol, H-204, Washington, DC. DEAR Ma. SPEAKER: I am writing to inform you that I hereby resign from the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisher- ies effective this date. Sincerely, JOSEPH J. DIOGTJAEDI, Member of Congress. The SPEAKER pro tempore. With- out objection, the resignation is ac- cepted. There was no objection. ELECTION AS MEMBERS TO CER- TAIN STANDING COMMTTTEES OF THE HOUSE Mr. KOBLE. Mr. Speaker, by direc- tion of the Republican Conference and on behalf of the Republican leader I offer a privileged resolution (H. Res. 304) and ask for its immediate consid- eration. The Clerk read the resolution, as fol- lows: H. RES. 304 Resolved, That the following named Mem- bers be, and they were hereby elected to the following standing committees of the House of Representatives: Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish- eries: Mr. Konnyu of California. Committee on Government Operations: Mr. Shays of Connecticut. Committee on Science, Space and Tech- nology: Mr. Shays of Connecticut. The resolution was agreed to. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. VACATING OF APPOINTMENT OF ADDITIONAL CONFEREE ON H.R. 2713, DISTRICT OF COLUM- BIA APPROPRIATIONS, 1988 The SPEAKER pro tempore. With- out objection, the Chair's prior ap- pointment today of Mr. WAtioNs of Oklahoma as a conferee on the bill H.R. 2713 is vacated. There was no objection. The Clerk will notify the Senate of the change in conferees. Declassified and Approved For Release 2011/12/05: CIA-RDP90M00004R001000160007-3