THE EL SALVADOR ELECTIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90B01370R000600860003-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 16, 2008
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: May 3, 1984
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

Approved For Release 2008/10/16: CIA-RDP90B01370R000600860003-9
S 6228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
Senate, at the
of the Senate d
Congress.
offered by him d
tidal capacity as
and that there be
copies not to
document for the
tee on Printing.
Sac. 2. The copy
ked in section I
direction of the Jo
of the daily sessions
the Ninety-seventh
th any other prayers
that period in his of-
of the Senate:
ted such additional
61.300 in net of such
of the Joint Commit-
the document author-
be prepared under the
Committee on Print-,
AUTHORIZING
OF PRAYERS
CHAPLAIN
The resolution
ising the prin
Reverend Richard
as Chaplain of th
98th Congress.
agreed to as folio
S.
Resolved. That th
appropriate 11)
ment, the prayers b
C. Halverson, DM
Senate, at the
of the Senate
?
THE PRINTING
Y THE SENATE
Res. 276) author-
of prayers by the
. Halverson. DM..
Senate during the
considered, and
276
be printed with an
as a Senate don-
the Reverend Richard
the Chaplain of the
of the daily sessions
the Ninety-eighth Con-
gress. togetherdurj any other prayers of-
fered by him that period in his offi-
cial capacity as ChaSlain of the Senate; and
that there be printell such additional copies
not W exceed $1. In cost of such docu-
Joint Committee on
ment for the use of
Printing.
Sec. 2. The copy f the document author-
ised in section Ibe prepared under the
direction of the -Jo t Committee on Print-
ing.
oRATorry T4 CAROL JEFFERY
ND OTHERS
IIMATVERA
'i
The resolution (S. Res. 377) to pay a
gratuity to Carol Jeffery Toliver;
Norman Lee Toliver; Marvin Lewis To
-
liver; Catherine Amelia Henderson;
Ruth Louise "Myer; Mary Etta
Samuel; Phyllis Jean Pelham; Alvin
Windell Tolivert and Grace Ann To-
liver was considered, and agreed to as
follows:
to Ruth Si. Pirshein.
Pirshein, an employee
time of his death,
months' compensa
velvins by law at the
sum to be considered
pokes and all other
ow of Benjamin H.
the Senate at the
equal to nine
the rate he was re-
e of his death, said
usive of funeral ex-
ciRATurrr TO
AND
The resolution (
gratuity to Eric S
.. Booth, was conal
as follows: ?
S.
Resolved. That
Senate hereby is as
pay, from the
Senate. to Die
Swanson and
Ruth B.
Senate at the time
' each equal to one-
? months' compensa
receiving by law at
said sum to be
el expenses and
S. Ens. 377
Resolved, That the Secretary of the
Senate hereby is Wuthorized and directed to
pay, from the contingent fund of the
Senate, to Carol Jeffery Toliver; Norman
Lee Toliver, Marvin Lewis Toliver; Alvin
Windell Toliver, brothers of James R. To-
liver and Catherine Amelia Henderson;
Ruth Louise Tpllvcr, Mary Etta Samuel:
Phyllis Jean ? and Grace Ann To-
liver, sisters of Jmes R. Toliver, an employ-
ee of the Senate at the time of his death, a
sum to each equal to one-ninth of . five
months' at the rate he was re-
ceiving by law at the time of his death, said
sum to be considered inclusive of funeral ex-
penses and all other allowances.
GRATUITY TO RUTH*1.
PIRSHEIN
The resolution (S. Res. 378) to pay a
gratuity to Ruth M. Firshein. Was con-
sidered, and agreed to as follows:
Rn. 378
Resolved, That the Secretary of the
Senate hereby is 'authorised and directed to
pay, from the contingent fund of the Senate
IC SWANSON
AN BOOTH
Res. 879) to pay a
and Kristen
and agreed to
3711
Secretary of the
and directed to
t fund of the
eon of Ruth B.
Booth, daughter of
employee of the
her death, a sum to
of seven and one-half
at the rate she was
time of her death,
Inclusive of tuner-
allowances.
GRATUITY TO PATSY L. FUNK
The resolution (k Res. 380) to pay a
gratuity to Paula. Funk, was consid-
ered, and agreed as follows:
8. stss. SSC
Resolved, That the Secretary of the
Senate hereby is authorised and directed to
pay, from the coningent fund of the
Senate, to 'Patsy It. Punk, daughter of
Thomas L. Maloney. an employee of the Ar-
chitect of the Capitol designed to duty on
the Senate side of the Capitol grounds at
the time of his death, a sum equal to six
months' compensation at the rate he was re-
calving by law at the time of his death, said
sum to be considered inclusive of funeral ex
penes and all other allowances.
f
GRATUITY ir0 WALTER Si.
STICHELL
The resolution S. Res. 381) to pay a
gratuity to Walter Si. SUckell, was
considered, and to as follows:
S. ? 381
Resolved. That e Secretary of the
Senate hereby is a orized and directed to
pay, from the ? . . ., . t fund of the
Senate. to Walter tilp8tickell. widower of
L
Rita Stickel'. an Wyse of the Senate
at the time of her death, a sum equal to six
months' compensat n at the rate she was
con
receiving by law at e. time of her death,
said sum to be considered
inclusive of funer-
al expenses and an other allowances.
GRATUITY TO LAURA DUDLEY
The resolution ( . Res. 382) to pay a
gratuity to Laura Dudley Page, was
steed as
considered. and to follows:
S. 3112
Resolved. That Secretary of the
Senate hereby is authorised and directed to
pay, from the coliSmont fund of the
to
Senate, Laura y Page, widow of
Manley H. Page, an yee of the Senate
at the time of his death, sum equal to four
months' compensatiqp the rate he was re-
?eking by law at the of his death, said
sum to be considered indudve of funeral ex-
penses and all other allowances.
GRATUITY TO D
MAUREEN C.
EILEEN P. TWI
The resolution (
gratuity to Daniel
C. Canny, and
considered, and
S.
Resolved. That
Senate hereby is
pay, from the
Senate. to Daniel
V. Foley and
P. Twigs, sisters
ployee of the
death.s sum to
seven months'
was receiving by
death, said ens
funeral expenses
Mr. BAWL
to reconsider
several items
agreed to.
Mr. BYRD.
lay that motion
The motion to
agreed to.
Mr.
concludes my
be disposed of
May 2, /984
T. FOLEY,
CANNY, AND
R. $83) to pays
. Foley, Maureen
P. Twig', was
to as follows:
US
Secretary of the
and directed to
fund of the
Foley. brother of Joan
C. Canny and Eileen
Joan V. Foley. an m-
at the time of her
equal to one third of
at the rats she
w at the time of her
?Doddered hicludve of
all other allowances.
President. I move
vote by which the
passed and/or
President, I move to
the table.
the table was
dent, that
rOutine items to
ening.
THE EL SALVADOR ELECTIONS
? Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, El Sal-
vador is scheduled to hold Presidential
elections next Sunday. May 6. Based
on some disquieting events of the last.
several weeks In that country, I believe
strongly that the elections should be
postponed until the conditions exist
for a 'fair and workablt elettoral
system. Furthermore, I have written
to President Reagan and asked that
the U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador,
Mr. Thomas Pickering, be recalled im-
mediately.
It is essential that Mr. Pickering be
recalled - before the elections on
Sunday. If those elections are to have
any credibility, either in El Salvador
or in the United States. Ambassador
Pickering has consistently taken ac-
tions in support of one candidate, and
has thereby attempted to manipulate
the electoral process in unwarranted
interference in the internal affairs of
a sovereign nation,. It is an open secret
that Mr. Pickering demanded that
Provisional President Magana veto the
Constituent Assembly's plan to return
to a more viable election system.
Mr. President, the first round of
voting last month in El Salvador dem-
onstrated courage and enthusiasm on
the part of the voters; but, chaos and
disorder reigned in the actual proce-
dure. It is tragic but true that an esti-
mated 300.000 people Who voted in the
March 1982 elections were not able to
vote on March 35, 1984, About 10 per-
cent of the people who lived in areas
where the Marxist guerrillas were in a
position to prevent voting, could not
vote; and about 30 percent of those
who showed up at the polls were
unable to vote due to the complicated
and deeply flawed system. For exam-
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May A 1984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
isle, people were given incorrect infor-
mation about where to vote; some
places never received any ballots at all;
and voter registration lists for whole
cantons were lost. Toward the end of
the day, some of the counter1Produe-
bye procedures had to be relaxed in
many areas.
Mr. President, after the first round
It became apparent that the computer
system?imposed and implemented by
the U.S. Agency for International De-
velopment, and paid for by the U.S.
taxpayers?needed to be either cor-
rected or eliminated for the second
round of voting. In the Legislative As-
sembly, the elected representatives
voted to do just that. It was agreed
upon that the incomplete and inaccu-
rate voter, registry lists Fould not be
used again; rather, the voter would be
able to cast his vote by showing his
voter identification card, and by dip-
ping his finger in indelible ink.
Last week, .Provisional President
Magma surprisingly vetoed the meas-
ure after he had declared that he
would do so only if he found the new
law to be unconstitutional. There is
reason to believe that President
Magma was forced into making such a
decision. He did not find the measure
to be unconstitutional; rather, he
stated unconvincingly that all the Ir-
regularities, and inaccurate voter reg-
istry lists of the first round would be
corrected. Now, Just a few days before
the final round, the incomplete and in-
accurate registration lists remsin un-
changed. This means that most of the
Salvadorans who were not able to -ex-
ercise their constitutional right 1
month ago will once again be left out
of the dedslonmaking process. In El
Salvador there are approximately IA
million elegible voters; it is not insig-
nificant that about one-fifth of those
voters will be precluded from voting,
because of procedures that cannot be
Implemented in that war-torn country.
Mr. President, at the highest levels
of this Government, the United States
has declared that ft is neutral in the
Salvadoran elections. Yet hardly a day
goes by where we do not .find the
Washington Post or the New York
Times quoting an unnamed high level
source saying that the United States
would clearly prefer a victory by the
moderate Jose Napoleon Duarte.
These same sources are notorious for
Influencing public opinion by telling
the liberal press that Duarte is the
only candidate who would be able to
bolster the U.S. Congress to supply
the necessary funds to El Salvador.
Mr. President. I am convinced that
precisely the opposite is true. If the
U.S. Embassy Is allowed to throw-the
Salvadoran elections to the soldalist
candidate, it is doubtful if either de-
velopmental or military assistance will
be approved by the U.S. Congress-
mum niormam
I am deeply concerned, Mr. Presi-
dent, about other reports indicating
that the State Department has not re-
mained neutral during the political
campaign In El Salvador. Por example,
there is the very reliable report of the
Incident that occurred in the depart-
ment (State) of Sonsonate, Where Mr.
Timothy Howard, Third Secretary of
the U.S. EmbassY, arrived by helicop-
ter to meet with officials of one politi-
cal party to ten them that the United
States would not support their candi-
date. I have received numerous reports
from Salvadoran citizens who say that
they have been told, or led to believe,
that only Mr. Duarte would be able to
have the full support of the U.S. Gov-
ernment.
Mr. President, there are still other
reports indicating that the V.S. State
Department has bent over backwards
to facilitate a Duarte victory in El Sal-
vador. It is known that Mr. Pickering
went so far to meet with the candidate
of a major party to pressure him to
withdraw from the race. After the
first round of voting, Mr. Pickering
also met with Jose Francisco Guerre-
ro, who placed third, to tell him that
the United States wanted him to
remain neutral in the final round of
balloting?an obvious move to favor
Duarte.
TIM natter
Mr. President, the immediate impact
of the interference of the U.S. State
Department is obvious. By forcing
President Mauna to veto the election
plan, the desire of the majority of the
constituent assembly was thwarted;
the elections will be carried out with-
out a complete or accurate voter regis-
tration list; the whispering campaign
by certehl U.S. officials has intimidat-
ed the Salvadoran voters; and finally,
there have already been reports in the
Salvadoran press of fraud by the
Christian Democrat Party in several
zones?they were caught with polling
boxes in their possession before elec-
tion day. What will be the long-term
result of all this? Will we find one
more socialist country in the Western
Hemisphere, and one more pawn of
the Soviet Union at our doorstep?
A CIL 11111MORSIXEN1
Mr. President, the scenario is all too
clear. The United States has subtly,
yet effectively, endorsed one candi-
date. Jose Napoleon Duarte, a leftist,
even by Salvadoran standards. The
U.S. media have managed to confuse
the American people by falling to
report the accurate facts about Mr.
Duarte and the Salvadoran Christian
Democrat Party. One need only look
back to 1979 when Duarte and his
other socialist allies ran El Salvador in
a U.S.-sponsored junta. Duarte effec-
lively destroyed El Salvador political-
ly, socially, and economic in just 2
short years.
Mr. President. I remind my col-
leagues that it was Jose Napoleon
Duarte who systematically imposed so-
cialist reforms when he succeeded
Guillermo Unto as head of the Salva-
doran junta in 1980. Duarte enthusi-
astically carried out the socialist land
reform scheme created by the U.S.
State Department. Duarte national-
S 5229
bed all private banks In order W give
the central government control of all
credit. Duarte nationalized significant
parts of the export sector, which
caused enormous losses unprecedent-
ed corruption, and a 'serious further
decline in foreign exchange earnings.
It will be worthwhile to examine the
record. The facts. as I shall demon-
strate, show that Duarte was and is
the compliant agent of a netowrk of
International forces ranging from the
Socialist International, to internationt
al banking groups, to left-wing founda-
tions and media in the United States
and Europe, all of them /seeking to
impose socialism in Central America.
sukarrs sossor Cr 1111100TIATION
Mr. President, President Reagan has
stated a clear policy of not negotiating
with the Marxist-Leninist groups in
Central America. Whether they be
guerrillas or illegitimate 'regimes. Yet
Mr. Duarte?and his party. the Chris-
tian Democrats?mem to have is spe-
cial kinship with the leftists in the
region. last year in an interview.
Duarte stated that if he lost the Presi-
dential elections he might be forced to
go to the hills and fight with the
Marxist guerrillas. Then. on January
13, 1934. In an article in El Salvador's
largest newspaper, Diario de Hoy, the
second ranking member of the Chris-
tian Democrat Party, Julio Adolfo Rey
Prendes, said. "We do not need to
crush the enemy, we need to integrate
him." The enemy of which he speaks
is, of course, the Marxist-Leninist
guerrilla organizations attempting to
seize political power by violent revolu-
tion, and backed by the Soviet Union
and its surrogates.
Mr. President, more recently Mr.
Duarte made an even more significant
announcement. 'On April 21 of this
year. Drummond Ayres of the New
York Times reported that Duarte
asked two U.S. Senators to take a mes-
sage with them to the Marxist-Lenin-
ist Sandinista dictatorship in Nicara-
gua. Duarte had his emiasaries inform
the Sandinistas that if he became
President in El Salvador, he would
seek negotiations with their regime.
This, of course, should come as no sur-
prise to those who remember that the
political front man for the Salvadoran
guerrillas, Guillermo Manuel lingo,
was Duarte's running mate in the 1972
elections. Statements such as these in-
dicate that Duarte would once again
share power with his socialist and
Marxist allies, regardless of the fact
that they are linked to the aggressive
designs of the Soviet Union and its sat-
dikes in this hemisphere.
Consider a recent statement by Mr.
Ruben Zamora, an active member of
the Christian Democrat Party for
more than 12 years, now a Salvadoran
guerrilla leader. An April 24 Baltimore
Sun article written by John Lantigua
quotes Zamora: "In private he tells
people he is willing to negotiate with
us." It should be noted that guerrilla
violence increased more under the
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S 5230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
Duarte junta than during any other
period. And this Senator is one who
cannot and will not support sending
large sums of money to a country that
Insists on a plan to make a deal with
the Communists.
SWARTZ AND CODOWNITAINIAINIBM
Mr. President, in his own bOok "Co-
munitarismo Pars Un Mundo Mas
Humano (Communitarianism for a
More Human World.)" Duarte shunt's-
Melly attacks the American system.
He states: ?
Capitalism is not acceptable because it
considers the individual to be in a struggle
against collectivity . ? preaches the pre-
dominance of the Individual. . . is based on
the indifference of the State toward human
truth. . . ahd has created a structure of an-
tagonistic classes fomenting ? conception
that permits the preponderance of a domi-
nant capitalist class. one that molds the con-
duct of the State anti-socially, and feeds on
the misery and injustice of the exploited
classes.
? Many Salvadorans call Duarte's ide-
ology undigested Marx.
Mr. President, we must not ignore
what Mr. Duarte has said about pri-
vate enterprise. On May 31, 1983, the
Miami News carried a story written by
Karen Stanley after a telephone inter-
view with Duarte. The article reads:
Duarte criticized the Diario de Hoy's eco-
nomic positions as "extremely right-wing.
against the intervention of the State on any
matter, and absolutely for private
enterprise."Duarte said his Christian Demo-
crats "believe that the State should be the
director of society."
LINES WITH SOCIALIST INTIRNATIONAL
Mr. President, it is a fact that the
Christian Democrat Party in El Salva-
dor has a history of clear-cut links
with the Socialist International, with
the Salvadoran Communist Party, and
with the various subversive groups in
El Salvador. In 1971, the Christian
Democrats formed a legal alliance
with the National Revolutionary
Movement (MNR), which is affiliated
with the Socialist International, and
with the National Democratic Union
(UDN) which has been the politically
front of the Salvadoran Communist
Party. Together, this coalition partici-
pated in the 1972 elections. In 1979.
the Christian Democrats alined them-
selves with the Revolutionary Popular
Bloc (BPR), which is the mass politi-
cal front of the Marxist-Leninist guer-
rilla group, the Popular Forces of Lib-
eration (FPL).
Mr. President, when the Christian
Democrats were in power?from 1980
to 1982. with Duarte at the helm?
there were people in key government
posts who are recognized as militant
Communists. For example, Jim Al-
. berth Villacorta was the Secretary of
Agriculture; he is now the spokesman
for the guerrillas and operates out of
Costa Rica. Hector Trujillo was the
Ambassador to Germany, in spite of
the fact that the was and is a member
of the Revolutionary Democratic
Front (FDR). Sergio Lama was the
general consul in Santiago, Chile, and
Is the brother-in-law of the Salvadoran
Communist Party head. Shank
Handal. In Mexico, Benjamin Guzman
was named as cultural attache, in spite
of his direct participation in the Com-
munist uprising of 1932.
During the Duarte junta. Roberto
Castellanos Figueroa was sent by
Duarte as Ambassador to Nicaragua,
though he later resigned from his post
as a protest. "because the Salvadoran
oppressive regime is walking hand in
hand with Yankee imperialism."
Duarte's Ambassador to Italy was Avo
Priamo Alvarenga, who was founder in
the University of the Democratic
Movement of the Left (MID), and was
later a founder of the National Revo-
lutionary Movement (MNR). This
movement is now integrated with the
revolutionary guerrilla forties.
Mr. President, we cannot ignore the
fact that in the official U.N. speeches
of El Salvador's current Foreign Min-
ister, Fidel Chavez Mena, a high rank-
ing member of the Christian Democrat
Party, defended the positions of the
nonalined countries and defends the
cause of the terrorist Palestinian Lib-
eration Organization. These speeches
can be found in the archives of the
U.N.. although I understand the Salva-
doran newspapers refused to publish
them because the speeches are consid-
ered embarrassing to the Salvadoran
nation.
Mr. President, the links between the
Christian Democrat Party in El Salva-
dor, the Salvadoran Communist Party,
and the Maxist-Leninist guerrilla orga-
nizations are real and definitive.
Before the State Department meddles
any further in the El Salvador election
process, we should consider the conse-
quences if the United States success-
fully forces a socialist victory in that
country.
That is why I have urged President
Reagan to recall immediately the U.S.
Ambassador to El Salvador, Mr. Pick-
ering. It is essential that this action be
taken if next Sunday's elections are to
have any credibility, either in El Sal-
vador or in the United States.
All Americans agree that it should
be a prime goal of our policy to sup-
port free and fair elections in El Salva-
dor. But Ambassador Pickering has
gone beyond that consensus, consist-
ently taking actions which support
only one candidate, and manipulating
the electoral process in a way that can
be considered only as unwarranted in-
terference in the internal affairs of a
sovereign nation.
El Salvador has suffered for years
from persistent interference by the
United States in its democratic proc-
ess. Despite this. the Salvadoran
people have continued to keep faith in
democracy, even when, as after the
Constituent Assembly elections in
1982, the obvious intent of the elector-
ate and the numerical result were
thwarted by U.S. diplomatic pressures
to impose the unelected provisional
President. Alvaro Magana, on El Sal-
May 2, /984
vador. Now. at ? crucial moment in the
electoral process. the U.S. Embassy
has used this unelected provisional
President as a tool to set aside the ma-
jority will of the elected Constituent
Assembly.
There has been much talk about the
"death squads" of the right and the
left threatening the democratic proc-
ess. I wrote to President Reagan on
February 27 about that problem. As I
stated in that letter:
Mr. President, you and I are gravely con-
cerned about such violence?wherever it
happens and regardless of who is respond-
ble for it. . . . Mee we learn, beyond a rea-
sonable doubt, that any individual or group
Is engaged in extry-legal "death squad" ac-
tivity?whether from the violent left or the
violent right, with whatever motivation?we
must take the position as a nation that we
will not camtenaisoe it.
The point is this, Mr. President: Vio-
lence can be directed not only against
persona and property; violence can be
done to the democratic process as
well?and we must not countenance it
there either. In his actions designed to
rig the electoral outcome. Ambassador
Pickering is the leader of the death
squad against democracy. It is an open
secret that Ambassador Pickering has
met with electoral candidates in an at-
tempt to influence their decisions, and
that he demanded that President
Magma veto the Constituent Assem-
bly's plan to return to a fair and work-
lible electoral system. The effect of
this will be to cast doubt over the va-
lidity of the electoral process, and
make the hope of social reconciliation
Infinitely remote. Mr. Pickering has
used the cloak of diplomacy to stran-
gle freedom in the night. He should be
removed from the scene of the deed
Immediately.
It is clear that the consensus on for-
eign aid to El Salvador has failed in
the Senate. The Foreign Relations
Committee was unable to report out
either developmental or military aid.
If Mr. Pickering is allowed to throw
the Salvadoran elections to the candi-
date of his choice, it is doubtful if
either developmental or military aid
will be approved by the U.S. Congress.
In order to restore U.S. credibility,
remove the appearance of U.S. parti-
sanship, and maintain hope of social
reconciliation in a troubled country, it
is essential, in my judgment as chair-
man of the Western Hemisphere. Sub-
committee. to recall Mr. Pickering at
once.
? 'Livros: ILS. IRTflVzlmTIOW
El Salvador has become a case histo-
ry of the destruction of a country
through the means of U.S. assistance
programs. Using foreign aid as a club,
the U.S. State Department and the
U.S. Embassy in San Salvador have
constantly intervened in the internal
affairs of El Salvador since 1962. This
Intervention has always been to push
the country to the left. toward Marx-
ist socialhun.
In 1962. the United States insisted
that El Salvador nationalize its central
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May 2, 1984. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
bank, nationalize the Salvadorean
Coffee Co.. adopt a system of price
controls, exchange controls, high tar-
iffs, strengthen left-wing trade unions,
and install a burdensome "social secu-
rity" system. The effect of the U.S.
Intervention was to slow down capital
formation and economic glowth,
thereby making it more difficult to
raise the standard of living for the
poor of El Salvador. The U.S. Embassy
also Insisted upon a "progressive
Income tax" and the imposition of the
highest property taxes in Latin Amer-
ica-
In 1965. the U.S. Embassy insisted
that the Salvadorean Government tol-
erate the Communist takeover of the
university there. The Embassy argued
that by allowing the takeover, it would
"contain" the subversive action. Of
course, what it did was to give a base
to subversion, strengthen the hand of
the subversives by giving them a head-
quarters from which to operate. The
U.S. Embassy even invited some of the
Communist faculty members to go to
the United States for Government-ap-
proved seminars.
Moreover, U.S. Ambassador Murat
Williams was reported to be deeply in-
volved in the organization of the
Christian Democratic Party, the one
that still remains the favorite of the
State Department. His successor, Am-
bassador Raul Castro, was frequently
heard to make disparaging remarks
about the business and agricultural
leaders of El Salvador; and Ambassa-
dor Ignacio Lozano was so obnoxious
In his behavior, that then President
Romero asked for him to be recalled
even before Lozano took office. Am-
bassador Frank Devine was vocal in in-
sisting that terrorists, who had been
involved in violent crimes, were "politi-
cal prisoners" and had to be released.
Ambassador Devine and Ambassador
Bowdler openly worked with the oppo-
sition to overthrow the government of
President Romero. They demanded
that President Romero resign, and
that new elections be called, even
though the Salvadorean Constitution
provided for election at regular inter-
vals, similar to U.S. procedure. Assist-
ant Secretary of State Viron Vaky and
Ambassador Christopher van Bonen?
who was only an inspector of embas-
sies?made the same demands during
visits to El Salvador.
? Once the constitutional government
of El Salvador was overthrown in 1979.
a left-of-center military junta was in-
stalled with U.S. approval. On March
5, 1980, the unconstitutional junta sus-
pended the constitutional rights of the
people of El Salvador, and ordered the
military to occupy the lands of the
first properties targeted for 'Worm."
Although it was widely publicized that
"14 families" were responsible for con-
trolling the country, the actual owners
turned out to number in the thou-
sands. The United States put $22.5
million into the land reform program
In 1980, and $10.5 million in 1981. Leg-
islative action by Congress put a stop
to further funding in 1981 through
direct action, but U.S. policy has con-
tinued to support the program ever
since.
At the time of the destabilization of
El Salvador by the United States In
1979. El Salvador was a model of eco-
nomic progress for a developing coun-
try?contrary to the myths which are
widely published today. Of course a
"developing country" is one which by
definition is one which is still moving
forward. One would not expect to find
progress evenly distributed. It is not in
the nature of a free society that the
fruits of progress are evenly distribut-
ed all at once. Only in a coercive socie-
ty can everyone be -forced to live on
the same level. Yet even by every
measure of redistributive thinking, El
Sajvador in 1979 stood head and shoul-
ders above other developing countries
In the region. Despite the lack of re-
sources, and despite the burdens of
high taxes and economically repres-
sive measures demanded by the U.S.
State Department, the strong work
ethic which characterizes Salvadorean
society was already paying off.
SCOROUIC FROMM ID IL SALVADOR?TRX
SWORD la 1979
aUhMit that there IS 110 evidence
that the situation in El Salvador is one
of economic oppression. It is well
known, for example, that income dis-
tribution statistics in the United
States show that the top 20 percent of
American families receive 41 percent
of the national income, and the lowest
20 percent get only 5.4 percent of the
national income. Yet no one calls this
oppression in the United States.
In El Salvador, the top 5 percent of
the population received 24 percent of
the national income, and the lowest 20
percent received 5.7 percent, according
to the 1977 statistics of the OAS Eco-
nomic and -Social Council.
Moreover, the OAS figures for El
Salvador look especially good com-
pared to those for all of Latin Amer-
ica: The top 5 percent got 32.7 percent
for all Latin American countries, and
the lowest 20 percent got 3.7 percent.
Indeed, the situation has been im-
proving rapidly, despite the efforts of
the terrorists to wreck the economy.
The minimum wage in agriculture has
increased 37 percent between 1976 and
1979, and for those workers in season-
al crops, 77 percent.
The United Nations has an economic
indicator called the Gini which meas-
ures concentration of wealth. For El
Salvador, the Gini is 0.50, which the
U.N. classifies as "moderate," compar-
ing ft with Argentina, Chile, Costa
Rica, and Venezuela.
A recent World Bank study shows
that in El Salvador, 20 percent of the
urban population and $0 percent of
the rural population live below the
poverty line. Of course, as we have dis-
cerned in our own country, poverty
lines can be manipulated by political
interpretation.
But for all Latin America the figures
are 43 percent as calculated by the
S 5231
/L0 and 41 percent as calculated by
ECLA?U.N. Latin American Economic
Commission. So again El Salvador is
doing far better than most, or, at least,
It was until the Macalsts began to
move in and take over.
Indeed. the World Bank study shows
a dramatic improvement in income dis-
tribution between 1965 and 1977, de-
spite the rapid growth of population
In El Salvador. Most of the increased
distribution has affected the lower 40
percent of the people. incomewise. .
As far as the tax burden is con-
cerned in El Salvador, between 1971
and 1977, tax collections as a percent-
age of the GNP Increased from 11 to
17 percent. This is one of the highest
In Latin America. In 1962. direct taxes
accounted for it percent of the reve-
nues. In 1977 they accounted for 55
percent of the revenues. The indirect
taxes, those which presumably affect
the poor the most, decreased accord-
ingly. from 71 percent in 1962 to 45
percent in 1977.
The myth has been perpetrated that
the moderate-sized farms that were
nationalized were exclusively in the
hands of wealthy "absentee landlords"
who did little or nothing to improve
the productivity, or to better the lot of
their workers. It was said that 78 per-
cent of the land was in the hands of 10
percent of the landowners. But is such
a "concentration" unjust? Those who
cite it neglected to say that: "many of
these landowners were corporations,
such as we have in the United States,
that have the capital to invest in long-
range plans, and to provide greater
benefits for their employees, precisely
as it is in the United States. Moreover,
the trend is slowly moving away from
concentration, with the present level
down from 83.8 percent in 1967."
But is such a system unjust? I doubt
that many Americans would find it so,
If they put ft in an American context.
The Library of Congress states, for
example, that in Illinois only 5 percent
of the landowners own 57 percent of
all the land; in North Carolina, the top
5 percent of the landowners own 69
percent of the land. Indeed, if we com-
pare the total for the U.S. figures to
those of El Salvador, we find that they
actually exceed the concentration of
land ownership in that country.
One should also compare the official
statistics from the Natural Resources
Economics Division, Economic Re-
search Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture. The pattern of land own-
ership varies, as we might expect. In
almost every State, less that 5 percent
of the landowners own more than 50
percent of the land. In fact, the na-
tional average for the United States is
that 75.1 percent of the land is owned
by only 5 percent of the landowners.
In fact, 48 percent of the land is
owned by less that 1 percent of the
landowners. That means that nearly
one-half of the United States is owned
by 1 percent of the landowners.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
It should be emphasized, that this is
5 percent and 1 percent of the land-
owners, not the population as a whole.
11 the statistics were worked up on
ownership as a percentage of the pop-
ulation. the results would be even
more dramatic.
But what if you consider only farm
and ranch land? The statistics show
that over half of all U.S. farm and
ranch land is owned by only 5 percent
of the landowners--in fact 52 percent.
Finally. 30 percent of the farm and
ranch land is owned by 1 percent of
the landowners.
The bottom line, is that 75.1 percent
of the land in the United States is
owned by 5 percent of the landowners,
while in El Salvador the figures cited
are 78 percent of the land owned by 10
percent of the landowners. So it is fair
to assume that the situation is worse
In the United States?providing we
agree that such statistical analyses tell
us anything about social justice. Per-
haps we should have land reform in
the United States before we impose it
? on hapless smaller nations.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that two tables illustrating these
facts be printed at this Point in the
Recosto.
There being no objection, the -tables
were ordered to be printed in the
Rumen, as follows:
TARE 1.?CONCENTRABON OF LAND OYMERSHIP IN THE
UNITED STATES OF All LAND BY REGION AND STATE
I-1
Poplin d wur
Wild 5
=
Wild 1
=
Mit al mid
Idiot -
Plisdiat
57
35
ewe
07
73 ?
liadaduitts
63
37
Net Ambit
71
53
Nit Anis
63
X
No Yet
X
45
61
29
bode Maud
56
30
37
14
MMus! Stilt
76
46
tort Cold
Wain
IS
.31
11
Ihniesoti
3 1
Waamsit....?_
53
19
Ige
55
23
Ord
57
21
Mrs
49
11
Ma..
31
12
listid
39
15
Olio
59
25
..
Com AS
61
20
lavas
43
11
%basks
41
25
deli Mid
37
12
itedt Dike
51
IS
.
Ildhom Bid
41
22
Itit Ovid
Wet
51
26
Atm
72
46
Psis
72
49
Odom
a
- 32
Reid
N
17
Pelt
73
45
Ilateky
531
23
Ii..
N-
51
POW
V
27
Iistidd
12
X
Ado Craw
69
42
Pikes
61
35
PO Cadmi
67
42
iarddi
51
X
1fts
71
47
Vornt
69
39
Wad Nrsid
67
11
Idli
74
X
liedut
54.1 74.4
03
41.7
Nadi? 2 /.32
1 A
Moan 64.0 .5
bred 49,
Om Macs 70.3
r. n.s
114
651
asviniv
dal 112 70.5
ILI Mil711 *5
I blot addis Pad
LS O
boutpid Mad lomat haides 01041%. icwitic bird Ilidt
ied d Phew
TARE 2.--OONCENTRATHIN OF 1ANDOWNERSHIP RI THE
UNITED STATES FOR FARM AND RANCH 1AND BY REGION
AND STATE
P PRIAM
Posperlian 41 mese
laid 5 Idiot 1
= =
Isar wid oda
Nadu*
Praidai
Pit
Ilamdiadt
New Ilivpdt
Now Any
56. 5.9
Ilit* did
Void
Nortdisl
PO Cott
Ildusta
M^ a^ u
Ma-
5...
Cis Id
IS..
X 14
16 25
42 1
33 1
40 1
Periddis

X 1
32 1
39 1
11
35 1
29 1
22
20
24
25
21
- 24
X 1
25
25
31 1
MAMA X is
Ado Odd 21 s
Sod Odd n 16
Nod Bra 33 15
PP Odd 34 14
Sweat
Paton 46 23
Maras 43 21
Odor, '? 31 II
add 67 47
111101 42 11
NM* 35 15
" Whim 51 29
?.........11800 . 27 9
45 20
Ncilla 43 19
Oldiema ..... X 11
kid Prim 35 11
Tamed 31 15
itat....:?...- 51 X
digit ... 46 11
Weil *silk 37 16
s..s2 31
Wain
Paw ' V *
Pitat 72 45
Pint 51 26
Nod a a
Olio. 62 33
Pita 47 22
Arad_ 19 73
Nit Moira? 71 50
Vit 67 47
66
41
Waddilm 62 31
Ike* 67 31
Wast 72 43
V3 VW 52 a
Irdd ddideinka.
bat NOM kiwas kiisia Odd Eamomic Wad bode,
AS. Iddird d Ariaibit
Mr. HELMS. Furthermore, 61 per-
cent of the land in 1979 was under cul-
tivation in farms of less than 100 hec-
tares. There was already a land distri-
bution program in operation, which in
1978 awarded 8,300 hectares, and in
1979 awarded 36.200 hectares to coop-
eratives representing 5,000 persons.
May 2, 1984
Unfortunately, the productivity of
such distributions has declined.
Some persons have asserted that the
concentration of land in the hands of
? small group and the emphasis on ex-
portation of agricultural products
were responsible for the large part in
the poverty in El Salvador.
Just the opposite is the case; in so
far as national earnings were increased
and have achieved better distribution,
It was because of the earnings from ag-
Vicultural exports. The notion that
emphasizing exports somehow induces
poverty is completely wrong. The fan-
tasy that taking a nation back to
stone-age socialism is progress is either
the result of ignorance or of callous
disregard for the sufferings of the
poor.
Indeed, it is also wrong that exports
were overemphasized. In 1978, basic
food production increased 38 percent.
making El- Salvador self-sufficient in
food.
It Is often asserted that the most
modern countries in the region are
Costa Rica, Venezuela. Colombia. and
Ecuador. Yet in the 1978 statistics
published by the Inter-American De-
velopment Bank. that, to take just two
significant indices of social welfare. 12
Salvador surpasses all of them in the
percentage of governmental spending
either for education. or public health,
or both. Specifically, the figures are:
P Pas]
Make Mk
B Sated 22.4 SA
&Weis 13.2 Li
Wand 13.6 52
Ott Ma 34.3 IA
Bildt
33.1 13
Similarly, although El Salvador has
a tragic rate of infant mortality, it is
no worse than most Third World coun-
tries, and, in deaths per thousand, is
about the same as such relatively rich
Latin American countries as Colombia,
Venezuela, and Mexico. according to
the LADS figures. When the statistics
for deaths under 5 years due to malnu-
trition are examined. El Salvador is
comparable to Argentina. Colombia,
Brazil, and Mexico.
Despite this record of progress, a
case could be made that an even better
record could have been accumulated if
there had been considerably less inter-
vention by the government in the eco-
nomic sector. The socialist measures
which have been forced upon El Salva-
dor by U.S. pressure have impeded
progress, rather than encouraged it.
Moreover, they have contributed enor-
mously to the atmosphere of increas-
ing politicization that has devastated
political life in 111 Salvador, and en-
couraged terrorism. The first steps
that should be taken should be the de-
politicization of the economy of El
Salvador. The most effective and effi-
cient method for increasing tpe distri-
bution of wealth is to remove political
values from the system of destribu-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
tion. Only a value-free economy can
raise the standard of living of the
poor.
But all of this was swept away?both
by the economic terrorism imposed by
the U.S. State Department, and the
guerrilla terrorism of the left. The
State Department aimed to sweep
away the productive social structure
through policies mislabeled "reform";
but the guerrillas went straight to the
Infrastructure which made an ordered
society possible. Both contributed
equally to the disaster.
NNOOTIATI WITH warns?
Mr. President. It is fashionable in
some quarters to insist that the solu-
tion to the violence is to negotiate
with terrorists. If this has ever been a
solution, anywhere in the world, it has
yet to come to my attention. Mr.
Duarte's ties to the left are not ties to
some indigenous fighters for social jus-
tice. On the contrary, they are tied to
a very sophisticated Marxist-Leninist
apparatus which is the result of a con-
scious program of exploitation of
weaknesses and a carefully planned
Program of subversion.
When the U.S. press extolls the vir-
tues of Mr. Duarte's erstwhile politi-
cal partner Guiliermo Ungo, who now
heads up the political arm of the Com-
munist guerrilla movement, they con-
veniently ignore both the former close
association between Duarte and Ungo,
and Ungo's present role of putting a
respectable front on the gang of leftist
cutthroats and murderers who are
trying to seize power.
When Reuben Zamora travels to the
United States and is courted by press
and universities alike, they fail to
point out that he has a dual role as
representative of a unit especially set
up to disseminate foreign propaganda,
and an actual guerrilla role in the ter-
rorism.
There is, indeed, a very elaborate in-
terlocking network, which was formal-
ized and activated by Castro at a meet
Mg in Havana in 1980. In order to see
with whom negotiations might be car-
ried out. I have pulled together the re-
sults of investigations carried out by
my staff group assigned to this area.
This information is based on field in-
vestigations and direct interviews in
the regIon with appropriate experts.
EARLY SOVIZT INTLUINCS IN ICL SALVADOR
Mr. President, I am deeply con-
cerned that in all the debates in Con-
gress and in all the media coverage of
the situation in El Salvador one cen-
tre] fact has been neglected. It is cer-
tainly no secret that the Soviet Union
has been fomenting revolution in this
hemisphere for almost seveq decades.
The strategic objective of the Soviet
leadership to promote world revolu-
tion has been a central feature of
International reality since the Bolshe-
vik coup d'etat in Russia in 1917. The
question today, as it has been for most
of this century, is what are we going to
do to halt and to roll back Soviet
global aggression? ?
Back In 1918. three Soviet agents?
Ouraski. Olabauf. and Kavanov?en-
tered El Salvador to work with Este-
ban Pavletich to establish the first
Communist cells in El Salvador. Subse-
quently. Salvadorans such as Luis
Felipe Recinos, Enrique Conde. and
Augustin Farabundo Marti entered the
Communist Party network. Enrique
Conde fled to Costa Rica after Presi-
dent Maximilian? Hernandez Martinez
launched his campairin against the
Communist uprising in El Salvador in
1932. Conde continued his subversive
activities against El Salvador from his
base in Costa Rica and worked closely
with key Coati Rican Communists
such as Manuel Mora Valverde.
The penetration of the labor move-
ment worldwide has always been a
standard Communist tactic. In 1922,
the Central American Labor Confeder-
ation (COCA?Confederacion Obrera
Centroamericana) was founded and
was based upon the Communist Party
sections and organizational structures
In Central America. The Salvadoran
group that became a member of COCA
was the Regional Federation of El Sal-
vadoran Workers (FRTS?Federacion
Regional de Trabajadores de El Salva-
dor).
In 1929. the Soviet Communist Party
sponsored a meeting in Havana, Cuba,
of the heads of the Communist Parties
of Central America and the Caribbean.
In this October meeting, the Soviets
brought Farabundo Marti under strict-
er discipline. The Soviets viewed his
plans for a revolution in El Salvador in
1929 as premature and wanted the
Communist Party and supporters in El
Salvador to take more time to work
out the plans for a more detailed strat-
egy and to make better preparations.
The 'Comintern organization based
In Moscow had a number of -delegates
at this meeting. At the time. the Ko-
mintem had a special department for
Central America and the Caribbean
whose central objective was fomenting
revolution in the region. The Homan-
tern directors at the Havana meeting
wanted the Communist uprising in El
Salvador to commence on October 17,
1932, and worked with the Communist
Party of El Salvador (PCS) to assist in
the coordination of the Communist
elements in the labor movement. the
peasant movement, and even within
the military. The PCS had the support
of Communist front operations con-
trolled by Moscow such as Red Aid
International based in _New York, the
International Labor Federation based
In Amsterdam, the Komintern organi-
zation based in Moscow. the Commu-
nist Congress of Buenos Aires, and the
Latin American Labor Confederation
based in Montevideo.
The Communist rising in El Salva-
dor did erupt in 1932 as planned but
under the strong leadership of Presi-
dent Hernandez Martinez it was sup-
pressed. Today, five decades later, we
are again confronted by a Communist
onslaught backed by Moscow in El Sal-
vador.
S 6233
STROCIVIS TIM SOVIZT SWIM COMMUNIST
MRCSS IN RI. SALVADOR ?
The principal directing organ of the
Communist revolution In El Salvador
is the Unified Revolutionary Director-
ate (DRU?Direocion Revolucionaria
Unificada) which controls the mili-
tary, diplomatic, political, and econom-
ic aspects of the revolution. Five orga-
nizations are represented in the DRU:
The Communist Party of El Salvador
(PCS). the Popular Forces of Libera-
tion (PPL). the Armed Forces of Na-
tional Resistance (FARN). the Revolu-
tionary Army of the Poor (ERP), and
the Revolutionary Party of Central
American Workers (PRCT).
The Communist Party of El Salva-
dor started to be organized in 1918 as I
mentioned earlier. In 1925, the party
took on a formal and overt character.
In 1930, Piaribundo Marti returned
from abroad to El Salvador and
became the Secretary General of the
party and picked as his chief lieuten-
ants Alfonso Luna and Mario Zapata.
Two factions within the PCS devel-
oped during the 1980's. One was
headed by Shafik Handel who allowed
for penetration of the electoral proc-
ess as tactic to achieve power. The
other faction was headed by the late
Cayetano Carpio and it emphasized
violent armed revolution as the road
to power.
In -April 19,70, the FPL was formed
when the Cayitano Carpio faction
broke away from the official Commu-
nist Party which remained in the
hands of Skein Handel. In August
1975, the FPL established a mass front
organization called the Popular Revo-
lutionary Bloc (BPR). This front was
formed through a coalition of FPL
supporters and primarily those groups
organized by Father Bernard 'lour-
hag, a French Jesuit priest Three of
the four members of the central com-
mand within the FPL National Masses
Committee?Juan Chacon, Fecund?
Guarded?. and Julio Flores?became
the leaders of the BPR. A fourth
member of the committee, Oscar Bo-
nilla, became secretary general of
AGE178 (Association of University
Students of El Salvador). Both the
BPR and AGEUS were housed In the
same office in the National University
of El Salvador. The clear cut Marxist-
Leninist Ideology of the BPR and
AOEUS are revealed in their publica-
tions such as "Red Star." "Popular
Combat," "Guerrilla." and "The
Rebel."
The Revolutionary Army of the
Poor (FRP) was formed in March 1972
by a number of members of the El Sal-
vadoran Communist Party. Under the
leadership of Joaquin Villalobos. the
'CPR has had close working relation-
ships with several guerrilla organiza-
tions in Latin America including the
Tupamaro National Liberation Move-
ment of Uruguay. the People's Revolu-
tionary Army of Argentina, the leftist
Revolutionary Movement of Chile
(MIR).
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S 5234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
The miss front organization for the
CRP is called the Popular Leagues of
February MI (LP-28) which has been
concerned with propaganda, mobiliza-
tion, and recruitment. The clear-cut
Marxist-Leninist ideology 'of the ERP
and its LP-28 is found in their publica-
tions such as "Proletariat Thought,
"Communist Prem." "Red Flag,"
"Wake Up Peasant." And "The Power
Is Born from the Gun." It is signifi-
cant that an ERP member, Norms
Guevara., was placed into a leadership
position in the Communist supporting
Salvadoran Commission of Human
Rights.
The Armed Forces of National Re-
sistance (FARN) was formed in 1975
after the assassination of an FRP
member Enrique Dalton which preci-
pitated a split In the ranks. FARN's
former leader, Ernesto Jovel, was re-
placed by Ferman Cienfuegos after
the former's death. Cienfuegos' real
name is Eduardo Sancho.
FARN took over the Unified Popular
Action Front 4PAPU) which has been
formed in 1974 by two Catholic
priests. Higinio and Jose Inocencio
Alas. FAPIJ has been especially close
to the Union of Workers of the Salva-
doran Institute of Social Security
(STISS). The Mau-xlst-Leninist Ideolo-
gy of FARN and PAM are clearly
Identifiable in their publications such
as "Pueblo" and "For the proletarist
Cause."
The Revolutionary Party of Central
American Workers (PRTC) was also
spawned by the Communist Party of
El Salvador. Its mass front organiza-
tion is the Movement of Popular Lib-
eration (MP).
For its part, the Communist Party of
El Salvador tw...s operated through a
mass front called the National Demo-
cratic Union (II)X) which was formed
In 1970 and participated In the
1972 and 1977 s..ections through a coa-
lition of epposLtion parties known as
the Natidnal 0;-posit4on Union (LINO).
The 1,1DX Is vompose.d of several
Marxist-Ionlni ? labor and peasant or-
ganizations tr.::ading the aalvadoran
Workem Conic: 2ration (CUTS).
The labor laws of El Salvador re-
quire that 10 unions are necessary to
form 1 federation and that I federa-
tions are necessary to form a confeder-
ation. "lie Comsmmist Party of El Sal-
vador controls three federations: the
United Trade 1on Federation of El
Salvador (1111.3); the federation
Union of Food, assment, and Textile
Industry Work( rs (FESTIAVISCES);
and the liatior-11 Trade Union Federa-
tion of 13alvad. Tan Workers CPENAS-
TRAM. CUTS the confederation In
which these :rime federations are
joined and it or males in clip coopera-
tion with the rural& hunt organiza-
tions such as the BPR. .LP-27. and
PAPEL
ERZ illUIPMIIIKNJ1.171201Ualr StiliCTOMATZ
OEM ?
In May 1.9t9, at a meeting in
Havana. Cuba, the 'Unified Revolution-
ary Directorate Of the El Salvadoran
revolution was formed at the direction
of Fidel Castro As a precondition for
larger scale Cuban aid. The DRU is
composed of three representatives of
each of the five major Communist or-
ganizations in El Salvador.
According to information reaching
my office, the membership of the
DRU is as follows. The members from
the FPL are: Leonel Gonzalez (a pseu-
donym); Dimas Hernandez (a pseudo-
nym); and the third name is unknown.
The members from the ERP are: Joa-
quim Villalobos; Jorge Melendez and
Sonia Medina. The members from the
FARN are: Ferman Cienfuegos la
pseudonym for Eduardo Sancho);
Oscar Armando Acevedo; and the
third name is unknown. The members
from the PRTC are: Roberto Roca la
pseudonym); Mario Lopez; sod the
third name is unknown. The members
from the Communist Party of El Sal-
vador are: Jorge Shank Handal; Ro-
berto Castellanos Calvo; and Mario
Aguinada Carman.
The DRU operates two key Commis-
sions: The Commission for Finances
(COFIN) and the Commission for
International Relations (CORINTER).
The Commission on Finances Is com-
posed of one member from each of the
live organizations comprising the
IMIL The bead of the Commission is
Farid Handal, the brother of Shank
Handal who is the bead of the Com-
munist Party of 112 Salvador. The mis-
sion of COFIN Is to amass the B1111111-
dal support for the Salvadoran revolu-
tion from the international contacts.
The Common was located In
Mexico City until late 1982 when the
Mexican *Government nationalized the
private banks and the financial situa-
tion was unstable. COFTN was charged
with handling the donations which
came in the form of various currencies
such as 'U.S. dollars. German marks,
French francs, and so forth. The Com-
mission then changed the foreign cur-
rencies into dollars for we inside of Z1
Salvador by the DRU as well as for ex-
ternal purchases of arms. COFTN is
now located in Panama taking advan-
tage of the sophisticated oetwork of
International banking services in that
country for 'the movement of moneys
lor the support of the Salvadoran rev-
olution.
The Commisdon /or International
Relations. CORINTER, has had Its
base In Managua. Nicaragua, but now
operates In ? nmnber of countries. Its
offices in Mexico City are said to be
the most important in terms of orga-
nizing International support and estab-
lishing logistical support /or the Salva-
doran revolution. The bead of this
Commission is IPerman Cienfuegos,
whose real name is Eduardo Sancho.
The delegate to CORD:ITER from the
El Salvadoran Communist Party is re-
ported .to be Dr. Miguel Angel Saone
'Varela.
In Costa Rica. the Salvadoran revo-
lutionary complex maintains * similar
operation to that in Mexico City. The
May A 1984
bead of this operation Is reported to
be Dr. Ronan Rodas Lazo.
In Prague. Czechoslovakia, the Sal-
vadoran revolutionary complex main-
tains an operation which interfaces
with the Soviet Union and other satel-
lite countries. The head of this office
Is reported to be Dr. Jorge Arias
Gomez.
In Havana. Cuba. the DRU naturally
maintains a key operational center
whose head is reported to be Julio
Cesar Salazar. ?
DICNOCRAT1C 1111VOLIMONART MONT WM
Subordinate to the DRU is the
Democratic Revolutionary Front
(FDR) which was created in April 1980
to disseminate propaganda outside of
El Salvador. The FDR is composed of
the Revolutionary Coordinator of the
Masses (CRM) which was formed in
January of 11180 and the Democratic
Front (FD) which was formed in April
of 1980.
The CRM Is composed of the overt
mass organizations of the five Marxist-
Leninist revolutionary organizations.
The BPR is the mass organization for
the FLP. The LP-28 is the mass orga-
nization for the ERP. The FAPTJ is
the mass organization for the FARN.
The MLP is the muss organization for
the PRTC. The UDN is the masa orga-
nization for the Communist Party of
El Salvador.
The Democratic Front is composed
of organisations which do not take
part in the armed military Snuggle on
an overt basis. Three smell ipolitical
parties form the basis of the FD. They
are the National Revolutionary Move-
ment OMR); the Popular Social
Christian Movement (LPSC); and the
Independent Movement of Profession-
als and Technicians of El Salvador
4.141IPTES).
'punkt= Vneo, the leader of the
MNR which is a member of the Social-
ist International organization, is the
head of the Democratic Revolutionary
Front,. It abould not escape notice that
Dr. lingo went to Moscow during the
1980n Ito sign a, cultural exchange
agreement with Lornonosov Universi-
ty. Be was eepreseeting the National
University of El Salvador and traveled
with Its rector Dr. Pablo Castillo Fi-
gueroa. Dr. Outillo Is the head cf the
Movement of Popular Liberation
(MLP) which I mentioned earlier was
the front organization tor the PRTC
which is one of the five liandst.Lenin-
tat leiselutionary organizations com-
prising the DNA.
According to information reaching
my office. the Executive Council of
the FDR Is ecsnposed of 'one member
from each of the eight organisations
comprising the ?DR. The aa mpre-
aentative is Oscar Bonilla; the LP-28
representative is Cialindo Marisol; the
.PAPIJ representative is Jose Napoleon
Rodrigues Seim the MLP representa-
tive is Pablo Castillo; the UDR sepre-
sentative is Dagoberto Gutierrez. The
MNR representative is Guillermo
Manuel lingo; the :MAW represents-
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May 2, 1924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
tive is Ruben Zamora; -the, PraPTES
representative is Eduardo Francisco
Calla who acts as the vice-president
of the FDR.
TER PARISIDIDO MART! NATIONAL LISSRATIOR
PROW? OWLS I
Also subordinate to the DRU is the
Faribundo Marti National Liberation
Front which was formed in November
1980 to coordinate and execute the
armed revolutionary insurgency in El
Salvador. The FMLN is composed of
the five Marxist-Leninist revolution-
ary groups which form the DRU. They
are: the Communist Party of El Salva-
dor (PCS); the Popular Forces of Lib-
eration (FPL); the Armed Forces of
National Resistance (EARN); the Rev-
olutionary Army of the Poor (MP);
and the Revolutionary Party of the
Workers of Central America (PRTC).
The FMLN has a general command
which integrates and coordinates the
armed insurgency of these groups.
001001:11DISSI IS TNT 1311041 IR IL SALVADOR
Mr. President. as I said at the outset
I am deeply concerned that the Con-
gress and the media are refusing to
come to grips with the central fact in
El Salvador. That fact is that the
Soviet Union directly and through its
satellites and surrogates is fomenting
Communist revolution at our very
doorstep.
The facts about the Soviet thrust
Into El Salvador and the Soviet-Cuban
orchestration and manipulation of the
revolutionary forces in El Salvador are
clear for all to see. The facts about
seven decades of Soviet subversion in
our hemisphere are available to
anyone who would care to study them.
It is inconceivable to this Senator that
at this late hour these facts are not
being recognized for what they are
and that truly effective steps are not
being taken to exclude the Communist
menace from our hemisphere.
We must be absolutely clear that
communism is the enemy in Central
America whether it hides behind a So-
cialist face or whether it stands plain-
ly out in the open for all to see.
Mr. President, there is no substitute
for military victory over the Commu-
nist forces in Central America and
there is no substitute for free enter-
prise to bring prosperity and a better
life for all in the region. It is at our
peril that we forget these fundamental
truths.
Mr. President, in today's Washing-
ton Post there appeared an article by
Roland Evans and Robert Novak
which describes the activities of our
Ambassador to El Salvador, Thomas
Pickering, and the attitude 61 the U.S.
Embassy in favor of Jose Napoleon
Duarte. I ask unanimous consent that
this important article be printed in
the RICORD at the conclusion of my re-
marks.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the
Rzcoan, as follows:
Ova MAR ix Ei. au.vssoa
SM. Vnicons. EL Busuos..?The quiet
glee of American diplomats that Christian
Democrat Jose Napoleon Duarte seems cer-
tain to win 11:1 Salvador's May 6 presidential
runoff would be restrained if they carefully
weighed the opinion of an army captain op-
erating in this guerrilla-menaced area.
"Duarte ruined this country before." he
told us, referring to Duarte's tenure as une-
lected president. "My brother officers and I
think it would be a disaster for our country
for this to happen again." Concerns that
Duarte will not pursue the war vigorously
are commonplace In San Vincente Province
and other areas bloodied by 'communist in-
surrection. That explains why Duarte's con-
servative opponent. Roberto D'Aubulmon.
will win handily here.
Helped by a huge majority in the capital
of San Salvador, however, Duarte looks like
a certain winner nationally?with some fore-
casts giving him two-thirds of the vote. That
cheers U.S. policy makers, who fear a D'Au-
bubson victory would cause Congress to cut
off military aid.
But Duarte has yet to instill confidence in
Salvadoran businessmen and hard-line anti-
communists such as the army captain here.
They fear the Reagan administration favor-
He pursues a non-Reagan agenda of appeas-
ing the communists and further socializing
the economy. The danger is not an army
coup. but deepening economic dear. Politi-
cal instability and the calamity of right.-
wing insurgency amid left-wing revolt.
Duarte has never more clearly been Wash-
ington's man in El Salvador. *Without any
doubt." D'Aubuisson told us in an interview
broadcast over the Cable News Network.
"the American Embassy under Mr.
(Thomas) Pickering (U.S. ambassador) has
tended to favor the election of Mr. Duarte."
Contact between the embassy and D'Aubuis-
son is now at the level of assistant political
officer.
Unsubstantiated accusations linking D'Au-
buisson to right-wing "death squads" are
less at issue than war-fighting strategy.
There is unofficial opinion within the em-
busy the guerrillas never could be over-
come militarily by D'Aubuisson and that
the only hope is that Duarte can draw the
Insurrection's more moderate leaders into
the political process. That requires a Chris-
tian Democratic government clearly to the
left.
Although the U.S. news media routinely
call Duarte "moderate" (while stigmatizing
D'Aubuisson as "far right"), the Duarte
regime expropriated land, nationalized
banks and socialized the coffee import busi-
ness. Salvadoran businessmen believe these
"reforms," much more than ravages of war
and worldwide recession, are responsible for
economic stagnation that between 1979 and
1962 saw the gross national product revert
to the level of 1962.
Even some of Duarte's admirers at the
Embassy hope he will consider propos-
als by D'Aububson's National Republican
Alliance (ARENA) to reinvigorate the goon-
OMY with private credit. Par from hoping
for such market-oriented policies under a
second Duarte administration, businessmen
fear new expropriations. Their cautious op-
timism about this country's future we ob-
served last summer has turned to gloom,
deepened by what they considered D'Au-
buisson's failed campaign.
By sticking to patriotic, nationalistic
themes, D'Aubuisson has welded support in
San Vineente and other endangered areas.
We want to a rally for him here attended by
leaders of all parties other than the Chris-
S 5235
flan Democrats. But nationwide, he has
built no -such coalition, and his business
backers blame him for not preaching ace
-
non* growth and jobs under democratic
captalism.
In contrast to his prior tenure when he
treated businessmen with haughty con-
tempt. Duarte recently sent an emissary to
them offering ? band of friendship. It was
made clear, however, that hand does not
extend to Duarte's most prominent private.
sector critics. adding to the air of forebor-
inc.
The businessmen can head for Miami, fur-
then debilitating the economy. D'Aubuisson
and friends can bead for the hills, guru in
hand. This would be no traditional militant
001M- The high command, liberally papered
with Christian Democrats, distrusts ex-Maj.
D'Aubuisson and does not want to displease
Washington.
But the bulk of the 22.000-man army
likely would support D'Aubuisson, were it
not for the tact that the high command
does not let them vote. Their course may be
determined by Roberto D'Aubuisson's con-
duct in defeat. "I believe in the sovereign
will of the people," he told us, Pledging ad-
herence to the election. But be confides to
friends be will become a Salvadoran
"contra" ff Duarte makes ? deal with the
guerrillas.
Campaign invective is now unrestrained,
with mutual accusations of political murder
and labels of "communist" and "fascist."
That raises doubts whether ? victorious
Duarte can display true conciliation toward
conservative views about prosecuting the
war and encouraging the private sector. If
he cannot, the election outcome long
dreamed of at the. State Department could
yield bitter fruit for President Reagan's
fight against communism in Latin America.
ASSACIES
At 0:10 a.m.
House of Re
Mr. Berry, o
announced
the following
amendment,
concurrence of
S.J. Res. 25. J
the Saint Croix
In the State of
Island listernati
The m
the House
bills, in whi
rence of the
H.R. 2739.
thorny to red
hoga Valley N
for other
H.R. 4176.
*ries of the
tion in the &a
jurisdiction wi
H.R. 4406. An
Scenic Rivers
Brook in the
potential
scenic rivers
HA. 4616. An
Transportation
quire States to
their highway
veloping and
programs
straint systems
other purposes
H.R. 4921. An
tion of
II THE HOUSE
a message from the
tatives, delivered by
of its reading clerks,
the House has passed
t resolution, with an
which it requests the
e Senate:
resolution redesignating
and National Monument
e as the "Saint Croix
Historic Site".
also announced that
passed the following
requests the concur-
te:
act to provide certain au-
erosion within the Curs-
nal Recreation Area. and
act to confirm the bound-
ern Ute Indian Reserve-
of Colorado and to define
such reservation:
to amend the Wild and
to designate Wildcat
of New Hampshire for
to the national wild and
and for other purposes;
to amend the Surlace
Act of 1982 to re-
st least II per centum of
sty apportionments for de-
eating comprehensive
the use of child re
motor vehicles, and for
to Provide for the melee-
lands for inclusion within
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S 5406 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
strong economy.
these unless they
er. U two approp
lowed, funds for
dren will have to
for keeping them
propriations caps
tional economic
between guns an
between guns an
choice between b
or health or crim
butter are both
tional security,
human capital is
national security
quate military b
atonally troubled
someday, unless
Kies. we could
complicated milt
one literate enou
In a time of
time when th
affect the rest
International
sure that every
maximum benef
fare. This can o
appropriations
grams are alu
against one
economic co
trolled deficits.
Mr. BAKER 1sh to announce
there will be no more rollcall votes to-
night.
cannot do any of
all done togeth-
tons caps are id-
eating our chit-
pete with funds
thy. The two ap-
hange the tradi-
ogy from a choice
utter to a choice
ore guns, and a
er and education
ntrol. Guns and
rtant to our na-
t developing our
e bedrock of our
I support an ade-
et. But I am occa-
the thought that
reorder our prior-
up with a lot of
hardware and no
to operate it.
resources, in a
deficits drastically
our domestic and
my, we must make
llar spent yields ?
to the general wet-
be done with one
where all pro-
&their merits
against the
ces of uncon-
THE ELECTION RESULTS IN EL
SALVADOR
Mr. HELMS Madam President, last
week I called upon President Reagan
to recall Ambassador Thomas Picker-
ing for consultations on the role which
he and his Embassy officials have
played in rigging the election in El
Salvador.
Now there is evidence that Mr. Pick-
ering was but a key role player in a
behind-the-scenes drama much wider
than I could have imagined last week.
When I asked the President to recall
Mr. Pickering, I based the request on
the overt actions which the Ambassa-
dor had been taking to enhance the
candidacy of the socialist nominee,
Jose Napoleon Duarte. Now the evi-
dence is that Mr. Pickering was presid-
ing over a covert plan to funnel U.S.
Government funds and other assist-
ance directly into Duarte's campaign.
This covert funding has been going
on for 2 years. In other words, the
State Department and the CIA bought
the election for Duarte. Mr. Pickering
was merely the purchasing agent. If
Mr. Pickering did not approve of the
scheme, he should have resigned.
It has been my understanding that
President Reagan's policy is to build
democracy in El Salvador. However.
the covert funding of Duarte does just
the opposite. It is, in fact, a misuse of
the democratic Oman that ultimately
will subvert the President's policy as
defined by Mr. Reagan. The fact ap-
pears to be that President Reagan
never himself approved the funding of
Duarte. It was the decision of the
third-level interagency group on Cen-
tral America that is supposed to co-
ordinate policy in the executive
branch. In 1981, President Reagan re-
portedly authorized the use of covert
action to support parties being threat-
ened by Marxist-Leninist insurgency, a
step I consider quite proper. But at no
time, according to my information, did
the President authorize covert action
on behalf of one democratic party to
the detriment of other democratic par-
ties. The bureaucrats evidently decid-
ed, in effect, to classify Roberto D'Au-
buisson. Duarte's chief opponent, in
the same category as the Communists.
Madam President, the bias of the bu-
reaucrats in favor of the socialist can-
didate. Mr. Duarte, was plain for all to
see, as was their actual malice toward
Mr. D'Aubuisson, who openly es-
poused the principles of the Republi-
can Party in the United States. Mr.
D'Aubuisson was forever being
linked?in the jargon of the media?to
the so-called right-wing death squads.
The cue was taken from slanderous ac-
cusations of President Carter's Ambas-
sador to El Salvador, Mr. Robert
White.
Yet Mr. White's accusations proved
to be flimsy indeed; and when con-
fronted by the attorney for one of his
victims before the Western Hemi-
sphere Affairs Subcommittee, he was
forced to retract. Lawsuits against Mr.
White are pending.
Mr. D'Aubuisson was never given the
opportunity by the State Department
or the media to confront his accusers.
I personally made inquiries of every
agency and every high official in the
U.S. Government that I judged to be
In a position to know the truth. In
almost every case, I was told, in effect.
that there was no credible evidence,
but that it would be impolitic to say
so. There were, however, one or two
who said that yes, there was evidence
linking Mr. D'Aubuisson to the death
squads: but when pressed for specifics,
they backed down, saying there was
nothing that would hold up in court. I
am still waiting for any specific evi-
dence, whether it would hold up in
court or not. I invite any official of the
administration to put it forward.
Nevertheless. the State Department
continued an underground campaign
of malicious accusations against one of
the chief candidates in the Salvadoran
elections. Hardly a day failed to go by
without unnamed Embassy spokesmen
or their similarly anonymous col-
leagues here in Washington repeating
their accusations, or indicating that
things would go hard for El Salvador
if the voters chose Mr. D'Aubuisson.
The faceless spokesmen never failed to
point out the symbolic act of refusing
a visa to Mr. D'Aubuisson.
We see now that all of this was not
just mere bias. The State Department
and the CIA were protecting their in-
vestment. They had bought Mr.
Duarte lock, stock, and barrel, and
May 8, 1984
they did not want the invested capital
to be wasted by the Salvadoran voters
rejecting the merchandise. They
wanted the trappings of democracy to
enhance the product, but they did not
want to risk a real commitment to
freedom.
This was not the policy of President
Reagan. I have known the President
too long to believe that he would ever
support a phony democracy or a
crooked election. This was the policy
of a small coterie of bureaucrats with
their own agenda and their own poli-
cies?the permanent government pur-
suing its own aims in defiance of the
President's wishes.
Insofar as the President is responsi-
ble, he is responsible, by hindsight for
not having been more exacting in in-
suring that the policymaking slots at
the State Department are filled with
persons loyal to his principles. Many
good friends of the President have
tried to warn him that the bureaucra-
cy is out of control: but other advisers
of the President have chosen to ignore
those warnings. Yet we still see nomi-
nations coming forward for key State
Department policy slots who represent
the views of previous administrations
and the bureaucratic establishment.
Policy is created by persons: and the
President will have to see to it that
the persons he chooses are representa-
tives of his aims.
The practical result is that we have
the potential for a first-class debacle
on our hands, with the prestige of the
United States invested in a socialist
who is pledged to an economic policy
that will bring the country to a halt.
and a diplomatic policy that will result
In a coalition with the Marxist-Lenin-
ists. Mr. Duarte has already intimated
that key Marxists will be in his govern-
ment: and if these Marxists are invit-
ed, will the Marxist-Leninists be far
behind? Mr. Duarte is without a man-
date to rule or the arguments to
produce national unity. In assuming
power through a rigged election, Mr.
Duarte runs the real risk of touching
off another conflagration in a war-
torn land.
It is a real question just who has
been told about the covert funding of
Duarte. I have today talked to high
members of the administration who
were just as shocked as I was to discov-
er what had happened. I have talked
to other Senators who were similarly
in the dark. I hope that the President
Is fully briefed on the exact nature of
U.S. support for Duarte before he
makes his television speech tomorrow.
It is my understanding that not even
the Senate Select Committee on Intel-
ligence was informed of the funding of
Duarte until last Thursday?the day
after particulars I revealed in a speech
on the Senate floor were made public.
I do not know what went on at that
meeting, but I have been given to un-
derstand that Senators who heard the
news declined to go to El Salvador as
election observers because they did
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? SENATE
not want to be in the position of ap-
pearing to approve what has tran-
spired.
All the details of this operation
should now be revealed. The whole
truth should be told. The only way to
make amends is to tell the truth.
Those responsible for formulating, ap-
proving, and executing the policy
should carefully consider nwhether
they can continue to serve our Gov-
ernment with honor.
The whole purpose of our policy in
El Salvador was to build democracy in
that country, a country where the cfti-
zens were obviously yearning to par-
ticipate in a free and open democratic
process. This is a goal which I have
strongly supported,, and continue to
support.
The essence of democracy is to allow
the people to make their own choices
within a constitutional system. The es-
sence of democrat, is to prevent
undue pressures which block the free
workings of the political system, and
which give unfair advantages to one
side or the other. This is what I be-
lieve in. This is what the American
people believe in.
In our electoral system, we believe
that democracy cannot flourish if any
political candidate is funded from a
single, overwhelming source. At the
same time, we believe that ? broad
base of funding, coming in small dona-
tions from the people themselves, is an
important sign of healthy democracy,
and in itself a partial test of fitness to
serve.
Instead, what we had in El Salvador
was ? calculated plan to defeat the
working of democracy in El Salvador.
It implies a fear that the people in El
Salvador do not know what is good for
them, and cannot be trusted to make a
proper decision. When we see the nar-
rowness of the apparent margin de-
spite the unfair odds, we see that the
fears of the opponents of democracy
were justified.
The support reportedly given to Mr.
Duarte was not just direct funding,
but also comprehensive, across-the-
board services. The United States pro-
vided funds for 400 precinct organizers
for Mr. Duarte, set up a model press
operation, provided radio and TV stu-
dios, gave technical advice and paid
for the computer voter registration
system that disenfranchise 20 percent
of the voters the first time around. If
the CIA programed the computers,
how can anyone trust the numbers?
It is not my contention that Mr.
D'Aubuisson should have won. My
contention is that the Salvadoran
people should have had the right to
choose without undue pressure from
the U.S. Government. It is alleged
that I am defending Mr. D'Aubuisson:
I have met him only once, on a brief
occasion when we both happened to
attend a dinner several months ago.
On the other hand. I have met Mr.
Duarte many times: my staff has spent
hours with him discussing his political
philosophy. We are under no Muttons
as to his aims and ideas. Only ? total
perversion. at the. terms of political
dialogue can establish W. Duarte as a
moderate. If Duarte is a centrist, then
our former colleague. George McGov-
ern. is an extreme right winger.
However, my reactions to the El Sal-
vadorans candidates are of no conse-
quence. It is not our choice, but the
choice of the people of El Salvador
that matters. Unfortunately, the
people of El Salvador were not allowed
to make a free choice.
It is necessary, therefore, to clear
the air. The whole truth should come
out, so that the people oil El Salvador
can take whatever steps they deem
necessary in the light of the facts.
I would not presume to dictate, or
even suggest, what they should now
do, if anything?but neither should
anyone else connected with the U.S.
Government
sEA-LAuwcH CRUISE MISSILE
Mr. MA Madam President,
the nuclear-arm sea-launched cruise
missile (SLCM] untdown has begun.
Some time betwn now and June 30,
the United States will begin deploy-
ment of the n ear SLCM. Unless
something is d1e soon, some time
within the next. 53 days the United
States will the slide down the
slippery slope of Lability, landing on
a heap of broke arms control prom-
ises.
Current Ameztcan arms control ef-
forts are llmite4 to sporadic multilat-
eral activity in ie Geneva Committee
on Disermame These efforts, such
as they are, rPresent steps in the
right direction, but they are not
enough. We must return to the
START and negotiations and
tackle all the ard issues, including
nuclear SLCM while there is still
time.
Given the
fairs, the U
doing everything
the Soviet Uni
ing table. But
the United S
could.
The most gi
that we are
t state of world a!-
States should be
in its power to bring
back to the negotiat-
am not persuaded that
Is doing all that it
evidence to suggest
trying our hardest is
found in our stated intention to deploy
the nuclear SLCM. If we were really
pursuing all &Venues to achieve arms
control, we would think twice before
deploying a missile that will undercut
all existing American arms control
proposals. Once deployed, the nuclear
SLCM could pnake START, or any
other accord, obsolete before it is
signed. The Rime to halt nuclear
SLCM deployments and get arms con-
trol back on track is now, before major
deployments ?Our, and not after the
fact. And the best way to achieve
these goals ie to impose a bilateral
moratorium American and Soviet
nuclear - deployments. Senator
DAVE DITILIMUlt and I proposed just
that on May 3. d we invite all inter-
ested colleagues to consider our pro-
posed moratori
the U.S.S.R.
It is in our
those talks a
As I mention
Ding out. There
we reach the
oiled by the
ployment.
S 5407
as a way to bring
to the Geneva talks.
interest to have
before, time is run-
e just 54 days before
int of no return sig-
t nuclear SLCM de-
LEAVE
Mr. MA
pursuant to th
of the Standi
ask leave of th
May 9, 10. an
attending a co
The PRESI
out objection.
ORDER
SENATE
LUTION 11
Mr. MA
ask unanimo
Concurrent
printed to co
page 3, line 1,
The PRES
out objection,
F ABSENCE
1Ladam President,
provisions at rule VI
Rules of the Senate, I
nate to be absent on
11 for the purpose of
erence.
0 OFFICER. With-
is so ordered.
STAR PRINT?
URRENT RESO-
- Madam President, I
consent that Senate
lution 11 be star
a printing error on
the resolution.
IN? OFFICER. With-
is so ordered.
Mr. BA
there are ?
Items, on
which appear
for action b
refer to Cale
837, 839, 840,
the minority
tion to de
those mess
MOM consent
Mr. BYRD.
Is no objectio
Mr. BAKER. Madam President. I
may also say to the minority leader
i
that one othe item is cleared on this
side. That is slender Order No. 707.
H.R. 3240. Ho ever, I am advised that
the distinguis ed Senator from New
York (Mr. MOYNIHAN) wishes to be
present when that measure is taken
up.
What I pr
Indeed I will
consideration
and other Se
consent that
837, 839, 840,
bloc.
Mr. BYR
have no obJe
distinguished
(Mr. MOTNI
had indicat
at the time
taken up, t
want to procei
or following t
which he all
voting en bloc
Mr. Very well. Since it
would be dealt with en bloc and the
CALENDAR
. 15.adam President,
umber of Items, seven
's Calendar of Business
be cleared on this side
unanimous consent. I
ar Orders Nos. 794, 838,
d 841. May I inquire of
er if he is in a post-
all or any portion of
for action by unani-
t this time?
adam President, there
on this aide of the aisle.
e to do now, and
e this request for the
of the minority leader
ators. I mak unanimous
endar Orders 794, 838,
d 841 be considered en
. Madam President, I
Ion to that request. The
nator from New York
) is present. Since he
his desire to be present
Calendar Order 707 is
majority leader may
with that immediately
six calendar orders to
ed with reference to
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