ACTION OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT AND THE COMINTERN AGAINST THE UNITED STATES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90-01226R000100130006-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 27, 2008
• Sequence Number: 6
• Content Type: REPORT

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3~u
IP1T- ar TIOKL L TAI; '::,T'TL t Gc.IN3T TT,, THUD INTBNLMOK aL
Enclosure N? 1 in Last ,
AMERICAN CONSULATE
N r,l~ ..1530
GENEVA, SN'
Geneve, 13 dorraterie
ACTION OF THE SOVIET GOVE NT r" ND TIE C OM111MI N
AGAINST
T_' UNITED STAMS
October 1930
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Contents
................page 1
Organisation of the Comintern (*).?.???????????? 1
Relations between the leaders of the Comintern
the C.P. of the USSR and the Soviet Government.. 3
actiono~f the Comintern in the United States
up t o March 19 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Action of the Comintern in the United states
from 1926 p to the Sixth Congress of the
Comintern (1928) ................................ 7
Activity of the Comintern in the United States
since its Sixth Congress.......?.??????????????? 12
The International of Youth and the United States 15
The Red Trade Union International and the
United St at e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The negro question .............................. 2C
Other associations, affiliated to the Comintern,
working in the United States .................... 23
Soviet propaganda in Latin America against the
n ;;
United States ................................... 25
The American delegations in the USSR............ 26
(*) "Comintern" is an abbreviation of "Communist Inter-
national"; this latter which is also called the"Third
International", is a combination of the communist
parties of the whole world, or, more exactly, the world
communist party, of which the communist parties of the
various countries are sections.
Abbreviations : E.C.r Executive Committee.
C . P. = Communist Party.
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Foreword
The purpose of the present study is to show how
the Soviet Government and its "alter ego", the Comintern,
act against established order in the United States of
America. It concerns only the main-springs of this
action and its general plan. The details of the activit.:
of Soviet agents and the Comintern in America itself do
not enter into the framework of this study ; it is for
the American patriotic organisations to show them up.
They will find this task greatly facilitated when they
know exactly what is_the organisation and working of the
anti-American Buren: xx fsntioning at Moscow.
This study is based upon official Soviet and
communist publications and the sources are indicated in
the text.
Organisation of the Comintern
Extracts from the Statutes of the Comintern :
"The Communist International, an international
association of workers, is the organisation of the
communist parties of the different countries into a single
world communist party" (?l of the Statutes of the Communist
International, adopted by the Sixth World Congress of the
Comintern at Moscow, lst. September 1928).
"The parties belonging to the Comintern bear
the name of 'Communist party of... (section of the Com-
munist International)'. In each country there can to
only one communist party belonging as a section to the
Communist International (?2 of the Statutes.)
"Members of a C.P. and the Comintern are those
who accept the program of the Statutes of the C.P. of the
country in which they reside and of the Communist Inter-
national, belong to one of the basic organisations of the
party and work actively in it, submit to all the decisions
of the party and of the Communist International and pay
subscriptions regularly". (?3)
"The Communist International and its sections are
founded on the principles of democratic centralism of which
the following are the most essential :
11
"c) Obligation for the subsidiary organs to
carry out the decisions of the superior organs of the
Party, strict discipline in the Party, exact execution
and without delay of the decisions of the Comintern, of
its organs and of the directing centres of the Farty...
"Once a decision has been taken by the Congress
of the Comintern, the congresses of its sections or by
the respective directing organs, this decision must
compulsorily be carried out..."'
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"The supreme organ of the Comintern is the world
congress of the representatives of all the parties
(sections) and the organisations affiliated to the
Communist International..."(?8)
"The Executive Committee is the directing organ
of the Comintern between congresses. It is this organ
which gives directions to all the sections of the Communist
International and which controls their activity". (?12)
"The decisions of the Executive Committee are
obligatory for all the sections and must be immediately
carried out by these latter" (?13)
It follows from the above texts that any member
of a communist party, by the fact of his membership of
the party, accepts the statutes and program of the
Comintern and undertakes to carry out the decisions of
the leaders of the party. Now the program of the Comintern
was fixed by a decision of the Sixth World Congress of
the latter, taken on the 1st. September 1928 at Moscow.
This program fills a special number (NO 141,8th. year,
23rd. Nov.1928) of "International Correspondence", the
official organ of the Comintern. We have no space to
reproduce nor to analyse it here. We will content. our-
selves with quoting the conclusion, which is underlined
in the text. It is as follows :
"The communists consider it unworthy to dissimul
ate their opinions or their plans. They proclaim openly
that their designs can only be realised by the violent
overthrow of the entire traditional social order."
Thus, anyone who has joined the communist party
has 'undertaken to work for the violent overthrow of the
institutions of his country and the country in which he
resides.
From these facts one can only draw the following
conclusions :
1) There is an absolute incompatibility between
membership of the C.P. and the holding of such positions
as those of magistrates,members of legislative assemblies,
official posts, etc. which impose a precise duty and
carry an ex press undertaking of fidelity to the State.
That is why the communist magistrate, the communist deputy,
the communist official are inconceivable for those who
know the organisation and program of the C.P. Indeed,
such persons take as regards their country and their
party irreconcilable engagements ; the fact of having
taken the engagements inherent in membership of the C.P.
makes them traitors to their country.
It must be pointed out that this is not a question
of opinion or Qf politics : it is a conflict between two
undertakings which are mutually destructive and bet;veol]_
which it is necessary to choose.
2) bll bolshevist propaganda is carried on in
conformity with the program of the Communist Internationc.
and in execution of the decisions of its organs (the
world congress, the Executive Committee, etc.) To take
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part in this propaganda is therefore an absolute duty for
every member of the C iP. Now, the members of the Soviet
Government and its diplomatic and commercial represenntativei
abroad are all members of the Communist Party, prominent
members whose attitude and activity are subjected to
special supervision. If they cease to carry out the orders
which they receive from the organs of the Communist inter-
national, they will be immediately dismissed, no doubt
recalled to Moscow and probably shot. It is therefore
absurd to suppose that the Soviet Government and its
representatives could act otherwise than as docile and
obedient members of the Comintern,
Relations between the leaders of the Comintern, the C.P.
of the USSR and the Soviet Government
Functions
Names of the 0.1'.
Stalin Secretary gent.
Member of the
Political Bureau
and Bureau of
Organisation (2)
runctionsin the F`:zne 2 i
Govt. of the U33 'R e Gor
Member of the
Central Otee
of the USSR
(C.E.C) (l) (4)
Molotov Member of the
Political Bureau
(P.B.)-of the
Central Ctee(C.C.)
-Secretary of the
C.P.-Member of the
Organisation
Bureau.
Kaganovitch Member of the P.B.
Secretary of the
C.P.-Member of the
Organisation
Bureau (2)
Kalinin Member of the P.B.
Member of the C.C.
of the C.P. (2)
Vorochilov Member of the P.B.
Member of the C.C.
of the C.P. (2)
Member of the
C.C. of the
USSR.
Candidate to
the C.E.C. Of
the USSR-the
Praesidium of
the Soviet of
the USsR(4)-
Member of the
Praesidium of
the Central
Trade Union
C ouncil.Direct -
or of the Ins-
titute of Law
and of Soviet
Construction.
Member of
Executive
of the C
tern(B.C..1,
the C I .)(ri 1
Member of the
Prassidium of
the C.I.-of
the Secretar-
iat of the
C.I.-of the
E.C. of the,
C.I. (3)
President and
Member of the
C.E.C. of the
USSR. (4)
Pecple's com-
missar for
Military and Naval
.A ffairs.Member of
the Council of Labor
and DefenceaPresident
of the Revolutionary
War Council. (4)
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Kirov Member of the P.B.
(2)
I ykov Member of the P.B.
Member of the C.C.
of the C.P. (2)
Kossior Member of the P4B.
Member of the C.C:
of the C.P. (2)
Roudzoutak Member of the P.B.
Member of the C.C.
of the C.P. (2)
Kouybichef Member of the P.B.
Member of the C.C.
of the C.P.(2)
Kisselev Candidate to the
C. C. (2)
Losovsky Candidate to the
C.C.of the
Russian C.P.(2)
President of the Member
Council of People's of the
Commissars. E.C. of
President of the the 0.1.
Council of Labour (3)
and Defence.-Member
of the C.E.C. of
the USSR. (4)
Assistant to the President
of the Superior Council
of National Economy (4)
Assistant to the Member of
President of the Deleg-
People.'s Commiss- ation of
ars of the USSR- ' thtq;.USSR.
i.erber of the . aooredit ed
C.E. C. of USSR-of to the 0.1.
the Pr aesidium (5)
of the Soviet of
the USSR-Assistant
to the President
of the Council of
Labour and Defence
President of the
Supreme Council
of National
Economy.Member
of the Council of
Labour and
refence (4)
Secretary of the
B.C. of the
R. S. F. S.R.
Member of the
C.E.C. of the
USSR (4)
Member o7'
the
idiu c.
he Po1i-. --
ical Se.ci
etariat (~,
Member o:'
the Praels-
idium of
the C.1.-
Candidate
to the
Genl.Secr-
et ariat of
the Prof-
intern and
member of
its Execut-
ive Aureau
(3)
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Manouilsky Member of the C.C.
of the Russian
C.P. (2)
Piatnitsky Member of the C.C.
of the Russian
C.P. (2)
Goussev Member of the
Central Otee
of Control of
the C.P. (2)
Skrypnik Member of the
C.C. of the
Russian C.P.
(2)
Soltz
Member of the
C.E.C. of the
USSR-Member of
the Praesidium of
the Soviet of
Nationalities of
the USSR.-People's
CommissLx for
Public Instruction
in the Ukraine(4)
Member of the Member of the C.E.C.
C.C. of of the USSR.-Chief
control of the of the juridical
C.P. (2) section at the
commissariat for
workers' and
peasants' inspec-
tion (4)
Yaroslavsky Member of the Member of the
C.C.of Control college at the
commissariat of
workers' and
peasants' in-
spection (4)-
He ad of the
Association of
the Godless.
Member of
the Praes-
idium of
C. I. -Can.;:::.
date to t .
Political
Secretarial.
and mer w e:r
of the 4.Uv
of the C.I.
(3)
Member of
the Praes-
idium of
the C.I.-
Member of
the politic-
al secretar-
iat of the
E.C.of the
C.l.(3)
Member of
the Praesid-
ium of the
C.I.(3)
Member of
the P'raesid-
ium of the
3. C. Cf t,
C.I.(3)
Member of
the traes': r!-
ium and oif
the Inter-
national
Commission
of Control
(3)
Member of
the
Praesidium
(3)
(1) Central Executive Committee of the USSR - supreme
governmental court of the USSR, whose role is thus
defined ("All Moscow",Russian edn.1930,p.31): "The
Central Executive Committee of the Union of Soci-:..1ist;
Soviet Republics is the surpemme organ of the power of
the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics in the intervals
between the congresses of the Soviets of the USSR."
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~2) "Pravda" 14/7/30.
.7. "Communist Calendar" 1930.
(1,1 "Diplomatic Yearbook of the USSR"1929.
(5) "Isvestia" March 1930.
Action of the Comintern in the United States up to March 1S`C
It was Curing the session of the Enlarged Exec
Committee of the Comintern at Moscow in February and March
1922 that the foundations were laid for action in the United
States. An American delegation, including among others Marshall
and Carr, took part in the work of the session. These two
delegates made reports on the political and economic situation
in the United States and on the action of the American communist
party. They insisted especially upon two questions the
coming war with Japan and the negro question.
The r esolution adopted by this session of the
Enlarged Executive Committee of the Comintern does not contain
a special chapter devoted to the United States. The United
States are mentioned in the chapter devoted to the "fight
against war". The leaders of the Comintern were concerned
at that time with the supremacy which the United States had
acquired over all the other powers as a result of the war. The
resolution in question was therefore specially directed to the
fight against American "imperialism". On several occasions
the Speakers referred to the prosperity and well-being of the
United:States. ("Minutes of the Conference of the Enlarged
Lxec'ative.Committee, of the C.I. pp.:40941,44,45,234,235).
In November 1922 the 4th world Congress of the
Comintern met at Moscow. This is what appears in the
adopted at this assembly on the subject of tho United Stag=:,:
"In democratic America,.so proud of its liberties:,
all who are suspected of belonging to the communist party ar
subjected to judicial cruelty. The police of the American
bourgeoisie sack the trade unions and arrest workers by the
hundred ; the bayonet and the truncheon arc.arms against
Strikers..
":In the United States, the union of all the ..
elements of the'-workers' trade union and political movement is
beginning t.o be achieved. The.A.merican communists t as have
.o ortuni of penetrating into the great 1 labouringg masses
and of -becoming the centre of crystallisation of this union
of the left. By forming groups -herever communists.. are to be
fo:jnd- the.should be able to take the direction of the movement
tor rallying- -the :revolutionary elements and energeticc..I1y
propagating the idea of the unitel front The main accusation
they should level against the organisations of Mr.- Gompers
will. be that these latter obstinately refuse to constitute the
unity of the. proletarian front for the defence of the
unemployed. Nevertheless, the essential task of the party
will be to :draw .to .itself the.best elements of the I.:+:?7."
_:-?th Comrni aist Vorld Congress. Resolutions,pp 5 anC 99)
In June 1924, the Fifth "World. Congress of the
,,:,,1_-.intern was held at Moscow. It was at the time the economic
crisis was beginning :to be felt in the world without havinc
touched as. yet the United States. The Fifth Congress ea~l?E_.
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the hope that this country Rwould esolution.beFrenchteditionft
Communist World Congress.
p.37).
"The crisis continues. The period: of prosperity
in the United States remains an isolated, phenomenon. For
the immediate future one mast expect in the United States
a phase of the crisis which has just announced itself with
unexampled violence..."
The Enlarged Executive of the Comintern which sat
in March and April 1925 adopted a special resolution on
the American gaesti~vne(of thesC~Ia,25th~Marchs6th.kprilby
the Enlarged Execut
1925". French edition, pp.41 and 47).
In regard to the situation in this reso.-
for
ution observes : "American capitalism has
the moment in surmounting its crisis. The working masses
who, during recent years, have fought against too lo,Yering
of the heaviest of yokes..."
The resolution insists particularly on the nccess'
of bolshevising the trade unions. We read :"Communist
action in the trade 'anions is at present very important
in America : upon it depends the success of the party in
the other domains and especially in the campaign for the
Labour Party. In each trade union organisation the me,r
of the part should be grouped in one communis fractio'
which should act solidly on all gaes ions... The com ;ani
fractions should' take an active and energetic part in al.L.
economic conflicts..."
These gaotations show that up to 1926 the Comin-
tern obtained but small results in the United States,the
chief factors which determine the success of its action,
namely, an economic crisis, a political crisis, a var,etr.?
being lacking. The Comintern also lacked the basic
organisation for its activities.
Action of the Comintern in the United States from 1926
up to the Sixth Congress of the Comintern(1928)
The month of March 1926 marked a decisive turning
point in the activity of the Comintern. Its central
machinery was completely reorganised ; special organs
were created to intensify the activity in each country :
these organs were called "national secretariat of the
general secretariat of the Executive of the Comintern".
This is what was said about them in the official organ
of the Comintern, "International Correspondence" (French
edition,1926, p.455):
"The organisation o:' the national secretariat,
an essential part of the reorganisation of the secret
which has been considerably strengthened in order to
improve the representation of the foreign C.P. and. to
assure the best possible division of work. These nati,..
secretariats are organs of the Executive Committee of
Comintern n of them has to study systematicallyio end discuss control. ~~ ~..
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situation in the country and C.P. to which he belongs,
to elaborate questions for all the higher organs of t.~L
Comintern, to watch over the application of the decisio:.
of these organs and their execution by the.respective
sections of the Comintern.
"The national secretariats are composed of a
responsible secretary of the Executive Committee of the
C.I. and of a few representatives of the Sections of the
Comintern, principally of the countries with which they
are connected, Such a composition assures a collective
elaboration and a good preparation of the various questions
It also permits of the representatives of the different
C.P., as well as the members and candidates of the
Executive Committee of the C.I. having cognisance of the
situation of other countries than those which they
represent, which trains them in the work of the machinery
of the E.C. of the Comintern.
"The decision of the Praesidium of the 24th. March
establishes national secretariats for the following
groups of countries :..."
There follows the list of the groups, and in ?5
one reads : "... 5) United States of America, Canada,Jap
Since that time the activity of the Comintern it
the United States has made constant progress, which
enabled the Seventh enlarged session of the Comintern
(Nov.-Dec.1926) to declare ("International Correspondenc&'".
French edition.l926,p.327) :
"Despite enormous difficulties, the 'Workers'
(Communist) Party of America' has made, in the domain of
mass work, considerable progress (direction of several
strikes, first attempts to group the unorganised elements,
penetration into the miners' unions). The weaknesses of
the party are still there : an insufficient influence over
the American proletariat and a weak party organisation.
On certain points - work among the negroes, and. among
women - the activity of the party is not yet well organised.
The application of the measures taken by the last enlared.
executive to form a large left wing in the trade unions'
also leaves something to be desired. It is necessary
to remark however, the internal consolidation of the
party in regard to a notable weakening of fnnticnal
struggles. In this way the essential conditions are
arrived at enabling the party to extend its influence over
the masses."
"The immediate tasks of the part are as follows :
not only to pursue its trade anion work (attachment of the
members of the party to the unions, formation of a left
wing) but to redouble this activity. The work of reorgan
a.sation should now above all aim at inspiring the new
factory cells to political activity and at regaining t~
good proletarian elements lost in the course of the
reorganisation. The party as a whole should realise thL
enormous importance to be attached to the "Lily Worker."
From this time, the communist press, both in
Russia and abroad, began to devote periodical articles to
the question of communism in the United States. Thus,
for example, the "Cahiers du Bolche'visme" (French edn.) o
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9/10/26 published an article entitled "Le travail du F.C.
americain" in which this organ of the Comintern conferred
praise on the school of communist prow anaa which the
American C.P. had succeeded in setting on foot.
Attaching great importance to the Ce jure recogni-
tion of the Soviet government by the American governmc.nt,
the Comintern, in 1926, undertook: a fresh campaign on
this subject. Moscow regards the inst a i _a*:: ~Cfl of a
Soviet embassy in the United States as indispensable, in
order that its action in that country may rest on a. firr
basis.
Yet, while pursuing the recognition of the
government, the bolshevist leaders recognise publicly
that they are directing subversive propaganda in the
country. The "Pravda" of 15/11/26 said so and recognis,_
in speaking of the activity of the American C.P., that
the "American C.P. had been gre_. ly helped in its work
by the Executive of the Corfintern", of which memoers of
the Soviet government form part. The national secretar-
iats have evidently begun to justify the hopes which the
Comintern placed in them.
The "Pravda" of 18/12/26 writes : "The Comintern
has drawn up now directions which should serve for the
development of communist action in the United states,
notably among the negroes and among women.
At the time of the 6th. World Congress of the
Comintern the economic situation in the United States had
reached a turning point and a period of depression was in
view. This was noted with joy by the Executive of the
Comintern in its important report presented to the 6th.
Congress on "the activity of the C.I. from the 5th. Congress
to the 6th."(French edn.) This report devoted a special
chapter to the United States in which it studied thc.
economic situation, the political parties, the situatic'.
in the trade unions, and the evolution of the working -_1
.,.
and passed in review the general actitivy and the amp
which the American C.P. had carried out in the Unit-~.
States, its activity in the economic struggles, in *-~?.c
domain of agitation and propaganda, and its work among
farmers, negroes and women. As for the situation w- thin
the party, the report (p.431) shoves that there had been
constant effort at Hoscow, to consolidate the party and.
render it more active.
Among other things, one reads : "Since the Fifth
Congress the internal situation of the American communist
party has been discussed in several c ommissions specially
appointed for t tie gai^pose z e 1 , i ii " naE
argew. Executives an in the tvo Congresses of the
American C.P."
The Plenum of the American C.P. in February 1928
adopted a thesis on the general situation of the American
C.P. This thesis declares that (p.433) "great progress
has been made by the party in the consolidation of its
forces and in the unification of its rnks, Qthe basis
of the resolutions voted b the last p on rers ofjbol +
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The political secretariat of the E.C. of the
Comintern which examined the decisions taken by the
plenary assembly of February 1928, discussed anew the
internal situation of the American C.P. It is worth while
quoting this characteristic passage from the official
organ of the Red Trade Union International, of vlhh.,Lch the
secretary general, Losovsky, is a member oft e ;soviet
government (June 1928) :'That troubles as ;ptal-
ism in America is still wer al .,Fd s.. ':- .._. _j .- cs u0
arogress *-2) what troubles us i ,hat - }- CL
in America as a whole is in a privilo et
T 6T, rlhc::,
troubles us is that there exists in America a ver'r large
s 1 +,
and powerfal section of the worki aristocracy
troubles us i ; : 1 1- hat the C.P. is still saga . '
Such ' as the situation when the Sixth World
Congress of the Comintern opened cn the 17th. J'aiy 1928.
The Lmerican delegation was cc:!Yl ~o ~ d of 30 persons (20
with power to take part in di. .,c _.c :; ens an( 10 in an
advisory ca,:.-.(-,i-ter). These among others :: Pepper,
C tston, Fc ter, Lovestone, ~ ?~:L : -ne, Cannon, Ford, Dunne,
Jones, Bitte.1.m&.-:,., 'wicks, Dixon, 17ailace, Wo.lfe,Engdahl
and Gomez. At the time of the congress there were serious
discussions in the American C.P. which provoked this
remark from dieinstone :("International Correspondence"
French edn. 1928, p.935): "Corr;,des, it is very unfortunate
that the tlorld congress whould be turned into a sitting
of the Anglo-American secretariat and should be given over
to a detailed study of the situation within the C.P. of
the United States." The men of MoscoT tried to smooth
over the dissentions in the intere.st of the boishevist cause.
Speaking of the situation in the 'Jrlited States, the
American delegate Dane declared (page 906) : "7e may expect
soon an increasing radicalisation of the ierica.n masses
and the development of great mass fights, although there
does not exist at the present time a mass communist party.
It is possible, even very probable, that T -T reason of t i.'~
special conditions in America, great strut.; tiles will occur,
struggles which will become embittered to the point of
taking on an acute revolutionary character and vTh _c,h will
give birth to a real mass party of the working class cf
the United States. it
As will :presently be seen, this "prophesy" of
Comrade Dunne was not entirely unfounded.
The United States delegate Cannon expressed the
same opinion as Dame. "There are ,he said, very great
objective prospects for us in America. There are great
possibilities be-fore our party of p~?c;ir~g itself at the head
of great industrial struggles. These possibilities are on
the increase." ("Corresp ndance Internationale" p.929).
When the Sixth Congress of the Comintern was
dealing with "imperialist war" and the defense of the USSR
the American delegate Bittelman declared (page 932):
"In the next war Yankee imperialism will play a
leading role. We know that it is being actively prepared.
It is therefore necessary that the C.P. of the United States
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should adopt with the aid of the Comintern, a correct
attitude as to its own position and possibilities."
The Sixth Congress of the Comintern gave a great
impulse to the bolshevist movement. Its directions give
at the present time the general line of the different
C.P. Here are some which deal specially with the United
States :
"...It must be recognised that the essential
factor in the development of capitalism in general is
the transfer of the economic centre to the United Sta t~,
and, on this basis, the growth of their imperialist
aggressiveness... The United States are to provide
the impulsion to Central Europe ; at the sane time they
consolidate their positions in nearly all parts c the
world. Latin America is becoming progressively, and by
the ousting of British capital, an enormous "sphere of
influence" of the United States, which are repressing
all resistance on the American Continent by fire and iron...
Throughout the world,, the United States are pursuing a
vast plan of conquest of the principal sources of raro
material and the weakening of the positions of England..."
(page 1701).
I
It is thus the United States which are becoming
the principal enemy of the Comintern, for so long as
prosperity reigns there the subversive action of the
Comintern will have no solid basis. It is necessary,
therefore, to provoke an economic crisis in the United
States, with unemployment and discontent among the masses,
and to cultivate by every means Anglo-American antagonism.
In paragraph 52 of the "Theses on the International
Situation and the Tasks of the Communist Parties" adopted
by the Sixth Congress of the Comintern, one finds the
following phrase(aag 1708) :
"The American Workers' Party (communist) has
restored its activity by turning to account the crisis
which, in a certain measure, is being manifested in
American industry, as well as the increase in uner21 i T ~~
Numerous class fights, obstinate and fierce (in partio.-
the miners' strike) have found in the C.P. a firm and
energetic leader. The campaign in regard to the executi
of Sacco and Vanzetti was also carried on under the
direction of the C.P... As regards the question of the
formation of a "Labour Party", the Congress decides to
transfer the center of gravity to work in the trade
unions and to the organisation of the unorganised in the
unions, this creating a basis for the effective realisatior.
of the slogan of a large "Labour Party" organised from
the base..."
Since the Sixth Congress of the Communist Inter-
national its work in the United States has been untiringly
pursued. We may note, among other things, that paragraph
27 of the Statutes of the Comintern confirms the existence of
national secretariats and speaks of the right of the
PrbBsidium of the Comintern to organi"se oerr;anent cor::missions
to direct the work of the different groups of sections' of.,
the C.I. It is in virtue of this paragraph that the
praesidium of the Comintern created shortly afterwards an
American commission of the Comintern, which we shall speak
of later. This act emphasises once more the importance
which 'the Qomintern attaches to the bolshevisation of
' .:
United States.
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Activity of the Comintern Cthgrenited States since its
Sixth
In the month of July 1929 the tenth plenary
session opened at Moscow of the E.C. of the Comintern.
The American delegation was composed of Wilson, Ford, Mi-
nor, Browder and Sobmies.
This session w&s devoted more especially to the
development of the trade union movement. The great progress
made in the United States on this subject was noted with
satisfaction. Minor, Browder and Schmies each made reports
on the question, emphasising the results obtained. Another which important that?of the bolsh vd
session was s
the United States.
At the time of the tenth session of the E.C.of
the Comintern the American commission already mentioned w,_
already at work. This is clear from Ford's speech ("Inter-
national Corr." French edn. 1929, p. 1063): "We ought to
t;.
emphasise in the eyes of the American eomradeS not only
results of the American commission but also that the tE
session of the E.C. of t .I. made known its attitude
regard to the results and the situation in the America.
Molotov, member of the Praesidium of the C.I.!l
the course of the tenth Cemmmuni stofIntthe
detailed report on "The Revolutionary Thrust". His declarations regarding the
United States are of great importance; they show so clear''
the interference of the Comintern in the internal affairo
of the United States that it is: necessary to reproduce t7"...
in full ("International Corr." French edn. 1929, p.1194):
"The Comintern has given articular attention
to the situation in the 0.P. of the n ed S a es.
"A s ecial delegation of the E.C. of the Comin-
tern was sent to the last congress of this art C.P. of
the United State.,,). Afterwards for several weeks there
sat at Moscow a commission of the Pzaesidium o f h e E.
of the C.I. which specially studied the situation in the
esidium of the E.,C.
Pr
h
a
e
C.P. of the United St tes... T
ally r?need the direction of the t'.e-
di
c
of the C.I. ra
riean C.P. and created within in the conditions of a real
boishevist development of the par v an of a reinforcement
of its authority among the working massesu..
The American commission of the Comintern, in
fact, sat at Moscow in the month of May 1929 ("Communist
International" Russian edn. 20th March 1930). Stalin,
whose leading role in the Soviets we know, delivered t-f
speeches at this meeting ("Communist International". P.
edn. 20/3/30, p. 11) which the Soviet press was caref'u.L
not to divulge until January 1930. Stalin declared: "I
consider that the C.P. of the United States is one of
few C.P. to which history has given decisive tasks fro:.
the point of view of the world revolutionary movement,
The revolutionary crisis has not yet reached the United
States, but we already have knowledge of numerous facts
which suggest that it is approaching"..
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These are the directions which Stalin gave to
the C.P. of the United States through the intermediary of
the E.C. of the Comintern (page 11):
"It is necessary that the American C.P. should
be capable of meeting the moment of crisis fully equipped
to take the direction of future class wars in the United
States. You must prepare for that, comrades, with all your
strength and by every means; you must constantly improve
and bolshevise the American C.P. You must forge real revo-
lutionary cadres and leaders of the proletariat who will
be capable of leading the millions of Amerioan workers
towards the revolutionary class wars". The two speeches
of Stalin are reproduced in full in the Soviet review
"Bolshevik" (in Russian, 15/1/30).
And the "Communist International" oo :tinues:
"The revolutionary demonstrations of the 6th March mark a
decisive turning-point in the development of the revolu-
tionary movement in the United States. When the American
C.P., which numbers in its ranks 10.000 members, succeeds
in bringing out into the streets on a fixed day more than
a million proletarians by making them adopt, its wate)T,-,or : ,
this proves that great changes have taken place and that
the proletarian class is awakening for the fight".
"The history of the revolutionary movement in
the United States records no such important demonstrationz
as that of the 6th of March 1930"9
"But", says the communist organ, "the events o_'
the 6th March were not spontaneous; they were systematioa: l,,.?
reared by the communist and by their "Trade Union Leaguo`
e by the E.C. of the C.I.)... It was the recent ocono_...`
crisis and the increased unemployment which determined
its success".
Since then, the communist press is full of ar-
ticles on the economic and political situation in the Uni-
ted States. We may note as an example the article by Varga,
member of the E.C. of the C.I. on "The United States in
the period of the deciino of capitalise", which appeared
in the "Communist International" (Frur_ch odn.) of the 1st
August 1929; that of Weinstone on of Dac economic crisis
in the United States and the tasks of the C.P." which appear-
ed in the "Communist International" (Lusci an cdn.) of the
31st Jan.1930; and that of Mingoulino entitled "ale new
impulse in the world revolutionary movement" which appear-
ed in the "Bolshevik", a Soviet review in Pussian, on the
28th Feb.1930. Three pages of. this latter article are devot-
ed to the situation in the United States and to the speech
mentioned above which Stalin made before the American com-
mission of the Comintern. 'We must also mention the artic_
which appeared in the "Communist International" (French .
of the 10th :Tay 1930, entitled "The 6th of Maroh in the
United States". This article is an extract from the report.
of the different organisations of the C.P. of the United
States on the results of the "Red Day" of the 6th March
1930 in the United States. Finally Mingoulino in the "Bo,6-
shoVik" of the 15th May 1930 published a charaotoristio
article entitled "The..eoonomio crisis :and the 'TevoltAione . ,-
impulse ln America'.
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The "Commtuiist International" of the 10th Marc..
.1930 (Russian edn.) gives detailed directions for the futui
development of the revolutionary movement in the United
States. These directions concern :
1. The utilisation of the economic crisis and unemployment.
2. The development of the trade union movement.
3. The preparation of cadres and action among the young.
The communist organ concludes: "A wide road is
opening before the American G.P. Let us purify our cadres
of opportunist elements and give them a revolutionary edu-
cation in the schools and organisations of the party. The
elite of our proletarian elements, who have already dist-
inguished themselves in the revolutionary fights, should
be carefully instructed to lead the masses".
aThe is going forward; its combative ca-
1~~''Y
paoity is inoreasingt. 'Pe must make: still further effort in
all branches of social life to improve the results obtair~,,-.,
but we can already say that our party is on the road marLe.1
out by Lenin".
At the Enlarged Plenum of the Praesidium of
Comintern in Feb3?uary 1930 Manouilsky, a member of the
Executive Committee of the Praesidium of the Comintern,
presented a report in which, after'aaving spoken of "tie
kee oover o exalted with boas" before the whc
TT -
an
world the energies accumulated in the United States, he
showed himself enchanted with the crisis which had finall1
broken out in the country, and said that new possibilities
were opening out in the United States Pram the point of
view of the revolutionary movement.
"The crisis", he said ("International Corr."
10/5/30) "has overthrown the aspect of the theory of Ame-
rican 'exclusivity', tie legend of the America 'which
rations Europe'... in the capitalist countries can be
engendered not only by the world war; it c.Zn be -ore para
a n d created bV other factors, by a stroi economic crisis.
The crisis in the United States o, ago ii fail to Ebace the
whole capitalist system, seeing .. .at the position of Ame-
rican capitalism constitutes t' he basis of capitalist sta-
bilisation".
Manouiisky thus em ~: a.si.sos once more the ca ital
importancwhich the Cominteyr~i -3 taohesto the devo .o men
of a crisis ,in the United Stag~.
Finally, speaking of the tasks of the differCLLt
communist parties, Manouilsky declared, on the subject c;
the United States ("International Corr." 1930 24/5:
"...For the American C.P. it is a matter of reinforcin(?
the new unions ~hich will serve as P. ?aokhone for the
whowho the communist movemen. n pie United Sates ai.1
concluded in these t arms: 'At t:~.~:Y,resent moment a _&reat
responsibility rests u on 1 e 0.. O of the United States
It is At the a of the wog icl r_voluti.ona movement.
Now; him whom histerI aces inn the fore:l.cont should- be
on the gui-vive, should be r'eadytothrow himself into
the melee to turn aside the most violent blows-.
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The International of Youth and the United States
The Comintern is not alone in carrying on its
subversive action in the United States. It is powerfully
seconded in its work by the "Communist International of
Youth" or "Comsomol" (in Russian). The Comsomol "is a
section of the Communist International and works on the
basis of its program". It is thus that the "program of
the C.I. of Youth" (French edn. 1929) defines its role:
In the United States the Federation of Young
Communists has always faithfully followed the decisions
abd the program of the Comintern. In 1926 and 1927, at
the time of the dissentions which divided the American
C.P., the Federation of Young Communists "took an active
part int he discussion in the party and after some resis-
tance rallied to the line of the Communist International
and became its defender". ("Four -Years of the C.I. of Youth"/
French edn. P. 33).
This same book, speaking of the work accomplishe:'.
in the United States by the Young Communists, says (p.40):
"The Federation of Youth Communists of the United States
began in 1926 by systematic work in the navy and army
especially among the troo s leavin for hi.na. At the
beginning of the American intervention in Nicaragua the
federation developed a widespread defeatist action in
the army and among the masses.
"...Another field of anti militarist action is
the C.M.T.C. (bourgeois o-amps for the military training
of the young):... the federation often develops its revolt:-
tionary propaganda with success in these camps...
"The prospects of revolutionary propaganda in
the army are fairly good if one considers that, according
to the declaration of the military department, 13.000
soldiers have deserted from the army in the course of
1927 owing to the ill-treatment received and the hard
service.
"Much work still remains to be done by the Ame-
rican federation in the ideological domain to combat paci-
fist tendencies".
The Young Communists of the United States acti-
vely carry on propaganda in the army and take part in the
strikes organised by the C.P. Thus the strike at Passalo in
1927 was carried on with the energetic help of the Young
Communists (p.72).
In 1926 there was already a school of the fede-
ration of Young Communists of the United States with three-
week courses (p.98).
The chapter entitled "The C.I. of Youth and
Elections" (p.130) describes the tasks of the Young Ga_ ..
nists of the United States during the elections, as well
as the demands they presented.
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In September 1925 there took place at Moscow
the Second International Conference of the C.I.Y. Accord-
ing to the book "Four Years of the C.I.Y.". (p.135)...the
results of this conference were somewhat important. For
the first time in countries such as England, France and
mer ca the question of a real mass activity of children's
federations was o!onsidered..."
In the course of the plenary sitting of the
Executive Committee of the C.I.Y. in the month of June
927 the question of the United States was again under
discussion. The "Four Years of the C.I.Y." state, indeed,
(p.160) that "the Plenum dealt with the tasks of the
English, Chinese and American Federations..."
At the time of the International Day of Youth
iI 1927 and 1928 the American Federation showed great
activity, organising meetings, "fighting against war
parations", etc. (page 172).
The book "The Four Years of the C.T.Y." devote:.
a spacial chapter (pp. 261 to 266) to the Federation of
Young Communists of the United States. This chapter deals
with the general situation of the working youth, with the
characteristics of the period since the fourth congress
of the C.I.Y.9 with the situation as regards organisation,
with economic and trade union work, with unemployment,
with anti-militarist work, and with the sports movement
and general questions.
Immediately after, the Sixth World Congress of
the Comintern, the Fifth World Congress of. the Co.= unist
International of -Youth was hold at Moscow in Nove:.:bor 1928.
Its results were published in "International Correspondcnoe"
(French edn.) of the 16th November 1928. The resolutions
of the Congress do not contain any special chapter on the
United States but in connection with the anti-militarist
viork, for instance, which is done of the principal task
of the C.I.Y. by virtue of the, decisions of the Sixth
Congress of the Comintern, "International Correspondence"
says on page 1524: "...Even in federations so far distant
as the Federation of Young Communists of the United :gat ,
we have examples of od anti-militarist work, as or, occasion of the United States intervention Nicai?a ;.~~."
Another branch of the Comintern closely co=;c'
with the Komsomol is the "Sportintern" (Workers'Sports
International)..The American branch of the Sportintern
founded in New York on the 23rd March 1924. Its uonibcrs
have to do all they can to convert the young to communist
doctrines ("Monthly Documentation" of the International
E produces - g
important report on `' -.Qbjeot .vvp o the partisans of
the R. T.U.I r Ln the Unite d ; bato$. Of ,fu tgrioa . This report
bears upon the fight against the oolla'bpration of the 01%,;-
sgsi upon the program Of action amongst the workers of
a t , 9Upations , the strategy o fstrik~s, the "Company
Unions%:.i. emplo3~ment, questions of or anisation and
internatio r',1 problems.
Finis , : , the Fift . World Con Tess of the Proms
finterz was h?l t 4; n August 1950 at Moscow. An American
("Pxavdc.."
deleg tiof, inol Mo otYle. s Bell, Weissman
22/8/30) Little &v &i, s present. In his
speech at thie comes . ~' " ._ : 3a 2 /W 0 Weiss* n deck. -
ed that thS umber of ur~em-o III the ited States h4.
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already reached seven millions and that the workers were
ready to commence the struggle under the direction of the
communist unions, as had been proved, he said, frequently
in the course of recent strikes in the United States.
Comrade Little ("Pravda" 21/8/30) emphasised
the influence of the economic crisis on working youths
in the United States and the will of these to coribat cap1-
talism. He added that they must uanage to create anon;
the young a strong revolutionary kernel for future fights.
Between 1924 and 1927 the trade union miove.:cfit
in the United States was on 36 occasions the subject of
discussion by the Executive Bureau of the Profintern.
("The R.T.U.I. at work it, French edn, page 11). This
book a166--o2ntains a detailed study of the trade union
movement in the United States. (pp. 205 to 210 and 415 to
420).
The official organ of the Executive Bureau of
the R.T.U.I. which bears the name of the "Red Trade Union
International", seriously took up the question of the
Trade Union Movement in the United States. Mention must
be made of an article by Atohkanov on "Wages and Rationa-
lisation on the railways of the United States"(April 1927);
those of Vilenkin on "Yankee Imperialism and the Congress
of the Pan-American Federation of Labour" (May 1927), and
on the "Displacement of leading American industry towards
the Southern States and its influence on the Trade Union
Movement" (August September 1927); that of Hathaway on
"The Congress of the Workers'Party and the Trade Union
Question" (October 1927); that of Bill Dunne
on "A new phase of the American Miners'Strike and the
Pittsburg Conference" (April-May 1928); that of WcFoster
on "The crisis in the workers'movement in the United
States" (February 1928); that of Ford on "One of our prin-
cipal objectives in America" August 1928); that of Jack
Johnston on "The new Trade Union Organisations in t he
United States" (November 1928); that of Zack on "The
experience of the strike struggle in the United States of
America" (December 1928); those of Vilenkin on the "48th
Congress of the rerican Federation of Labour" (January
1929), and "The Pros ects of the American Workers 'Movem-
ent" (September 1928); and finally that of Foster on "The
League for Trade Union Unity and the Oppression of the
Negroes in the United States" (January 1930).
The "Rod Trade Union International" indicated
in its number of February 1930 the "Tasks of the League
for Trade Union Unity" of the United States, according
to the resolution adopted by the Sixth Session of the
Central Council cf the Profintern. This r solution notes a
favourable situation for the work of the R.T.U.I. and its
American organs and says (page 13) that "...The Sixth
Session of the Council of the R.T.U.I. is happy to note
the success of the Congress at Cleveland and the creation
of a central revolutionary trade union at these sittings.
The session also notes that the Red unions had brought
about many strikos, some of which were victorious...
"...The Central Council of the R.T.U.I. invites
all its partisans in the United States to carry on a vigo-
rous fight against all weakening tendencies in regard to
the revolutionary unions and to oombat all those who,.o
try too.ause cleavages in the revolutionary unions and to
turn them from their central task: the conquest of the
ma ority of the proletariat for the over ow of acirioan
oanitalism .
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The Negro guestion.-
This question is closely connected with the
trade union question in the United States. The Comintern
and its affiliated organs attach very special importance
to the negro question; they use every means to exasperate
the discontent of the negroes in the United States. The
negro question has been the subject of discussions at
nearly every world congress of the Comintern and at the
enlarged sessions of its E.C. But it was especially dur~.::
an.
the Sixth World Congress of the Comintern in Lugust
Seitember 1928 that the most important resolutions were
taken on the question. Here is what was said on this sub-
ject in the resolutions of this congress devoted to tho
revolutionary movement in the colonies and semi-colonic;,
("international Corr.", French edn. 1928, page 1740):
"Alongside the colonial question, the Sixth
Congress seriously calls the attention of the C.P. to the
negro question. The situation of the negroes varies in
the different countries. one may divide the countries
inhabited by compact masses of negroes in the following
way: (1) The United States and a few countries of South
America where compact masses of negroes constitute a mino-
rity in relation to the white population...
"...There are about 12 million negroes living
in the United States. Most of them are farmers who pay
their rents in kind and live under semi-feudal conditions...
One of the most important tasks of the C.P. (of the Unit-
ed States) consists in fighting for the real and compete
equality of the negroes, for the a bolition of all inequa-
lity, social and political, and of all inequality of lace.
It is the duty of the C.!'. to fight with all its energy
against the least expression of white chauvinism, to org-;-
nise active resistance against lynch laws to strengthen
the work, among the negro workers, to recruit the most
responsible into the party and to fight for their admis-
sion into all the white workers'organisations, and ab:?v
all into the trade unions...
"...In the Southern States the watchword must
be launched of self-determination for the negroes. The
radical alteration of the agrarian regime in the United
States is one of the essential tasks of the revolution.
The ne o communists should explain to the negro workers
and peasants that only a close alliance and a common fight
with the white proletariat against the American bourgeoisie
can liberate them from barbarous exploitation, that onlyy
the triumphant proletarian revolution will finally reso.Lvo
the agrarian Problem in the Southern States in the interests
of the overwheln.i __mass of the_negro population of he
aftryis
cou
The Sixth Congress of the Red Trade Union Inter-
national (March-April 1928) also dealt with the negro
question in the United States. In the "Theses and resolu-
tions" of this congress page 22) we find an entire chapter
entitled "'White workers and colored workers", from which
we extract the following :
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"In several countries (United States) (in pa,
thesis in the text) where there are workers of different
nationalities, the question of the relations between
colored and white workers arises in acute fashicne.i in
the United. States, there there are at least 5 m Ilion
negro 'orkers, a serious mistake is being made in adjour~i-
ing this question: There should be an energetic effort
to organise the negro workers in special trade unions..,"
There is also a paragraph (page 134) entitled
"Negro workers" in the chapter devoted specially to the
United StatThi in soalsunthe ionseorsoftgottinggthem~g
the negro workers peci
admitted into the white unions.
In the "Theses and resolutions of the Sixth
Congress of the R.T.U.I." at page 185 we find the following
resolution on the negro question;
"The Sixth Congress authorises the Executive
Bureau to convoke the representatives of the negro workers
in order to elaborate practical and immediate measures
in regand to the realisation of the line adopted with a
view to organising the negro workers of the United States
and of Africa".
This congress decided to set up a special 7PRr
commission to study appropriate means for olshevi.-
ln the ne es. "international Correspondence" pu is ek
during this congress (German Edition of the 3rd April It
an article on the situation of the negroes in the Unite.
States and Africa. The writer declares that the Bolshe-
vist revolution is the only means of improving the lot of,
the negro.
The Comintern has organised at Moscow courses
extending over several years for the training of negro
bolsheviek agitators of American origin. The first team
returned to the United States in 1927. (Dossier "Negro
Question" of the Permanent Bureau of the International
Anti-Bolshevik Entente)%
Furthers. "1'Humanite" of the 9th August 1928
reports a meeting of the Executive Bureau of the Profin-
tern in the presence of negro delegates from the Sixth
Congress of the Comintern. The Bureau decided to create
in connection with the R.T.U.I. an international trade
union committee of negro workers, composed of two repre-
sentatives of the negro workers of the United States and
of representatives of therUncuntries. Two ited negro
Jones and Whiteman, of
at this meeting.
The "Communist International" of the 15th Sep'
ber 1928 published an article by H.Haywood on "The negro
problem in the United States and the tasks of the C.P.O.
This stated that the Sixth Congress of the Comintern
(Summer 1928) had created a colonial negro committee ax'
sub-committee. The most important task of this sub-coy .'
is the work among the negroes in the United States.
the course of the Second Congress of the Comintern",
continues the article, Lenin compared the negroes toth?..
Irish, and called them an "oppressed nation'. The C*?O
of the United States must support the revolutionary mov,
rent of this people".
4 Approved For Release 2008/05/27: CIA-RDP90-01226R000100130006-3
 Approved For Release 2008/05/27: CIA-RDP90-01226R000100130006-3
22 -
In the "Communist International" of the 15th
September 1928 J.Pepper published an article entitled
"The negro question in America". Noting that a "real negr:
industrial proletariat" is arising in the United States",-
he insists upon the necessity of grouping this proletariat
within the communist movement:
"It is the essential duty of the C.P. to develop
all the revolutionary possibilities of the negro peoplo
and to transform the reserves of force of the bourgeoisie
into reserves of force for the proletariat". (Stalin).
The author concludes by affirming that "the
movement of national liberation of the negroes has a pro-
digious revolutionary potential". "But", he says, "what
especially hinders the activity of the nmerican C.P. among
the negroes is the absence among the negro con : QJGS of
sufficient communist cadres. Therefore, __the_: immediate
and ertant duty of the parr. tis to form a c