REACTION TO WASHINGTON POST STORY ON LEBANESE COUNTERTERRORISM ACTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90-00965R000807590013-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 27, 2012
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: May 13, 1985
• Content Type: MEMO

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13 May 1985
Revised Version
REACTION TO WASHINGTON POST STORY ON LEBANESE COUNTERTERRORIST ACTION
The Central Intelligence Agency never conducted any training of Lebanese
security forces related to the events described in THE WASHINGTON POST's
article on 12 May 1985. it also had no foreknowledge of the bombing incident
which took place on 8 March 1985 which was mentioned in the article.
The Central Intelligence Agency scrupulously observes the requirements to
keep all the Congressional oversight committees appropriately informed.
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JF" a
O PAIL
16 May :9E5
Shultz Labels Kurt
By Post `Blind AItey'
J
Secretary of State George P.
Shuttz said yesterday t at"a report
it he asmngton Post about a
U S. counterterrorist pro ram that
was terminated a ter an unaut o-
rized oar-bomb blast in Lebanon is
"a blind alley.
"It's absolutely a blind alley ... a
story that's created a big-hubbub
about something that's not cor-
rect," Shultz said. AS PUBLISHED
Questioned further, he said, "I
don't want to get into it because I
just haven't been able to inform my-
self well enough."
Until now he had declined all
comment on the story. nen some-
on mentroned the entra, lnte h-
aence Aeencys denial as b--in? pro
forma Snultz responoed,, i the
CIA denies something, it's denied.
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ARTICLE APPEARED
M PAGE i T)
CO RI) MEET
Tne CIA appears to be more a victim of
sensatronai -ournalism ratner than an
indirect accessory to a mass muruer.
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L
A ficr a headiinc stur\ anC i
lead editorial in Tiir boar
rngtnn Past last Wcck
cnargmg the CIA with indi-
rect involvement in the murderous
%larch F car bombing in Beirut.
chants of "death to America punc-
tuated the funeral oration, for the
victims. and the State I)epartment
alerted U.S. Embassies in the Middle
Last to the danger of violent retali-
ation against Americans.
From the welter of accusations,
denials, am; explanations left behind
by this journalistic coup, the real
sequence of events is gradually
beginning to emerge. As the rules
and motives of the principal players
become more clearly understood,
the CIA appears to be more a victim
of sensational journalism rather
than an indirect accessory to a mass
murder.
In contrast to the Post's implica-
tion of CIA involvement, all U.S. Offi-
cials with knowledge of these events
from Secretary of State George
Shult: on down are unanimous in
denying that the agency had any con-
nection, direct or indirect. with the
Lebanese intelligence team that
arranged the car bombing.
All informed American officials
agree that the CIA did not in any way
train the Lebanese who planned and
carried out the bombing nor did it
'nave advance knowledge of the
event. Typical of the official reaction
is the comment by Robert B. Oakley,
the director of the State
Department's office for counter-
terrorism, who found the Posts han-
diing of the story "outrageous"
but in retrospect it is easy to see
how the Post's investigative report-
ers were led astray by starling dis-
coveries they made after the
oombing. For example. they
unearthed for the first time the fact
tna: President Reagan had secretly
directed the CIA last December to
train and support Lebanese intelli-
gence teams for the purpose of using
violent action to pre-emp: and abort
terrorist activity aimed at American
targets.
As permitted by law in cases of
extreme sensitivity. this pres-
idential finding was reported
not to the whole membership of the
Senate and House Intelligence Com-
mittees, but only to their chairmen
and vice chairmen. In spite of such
extra precautions. this highly-secret
information was somehow leaked to
the Post either from the Congress or
from the executive nrancn. and the
Teak has fueled a growing demand
for it radical review of the whiffle con-
gressional oversight process
Meanwhile. with cvtden,c It tn"
top-secret presidential directive in
nand, it was natural fur the Pu,t
reporu?r- to assume at Ica'it omc
indirect agency connection with the
homhint; attack on one of the sus-
pected terrorist strongholds but in
fact nip such connection existed for
two separate reasons
First, the top professional intel-
ligence officers in the CIA had long
been skeptical of any attempt to
recruit and train anti-terrorist Leba-
nese hit squads for fear they might
get out of control in the anarchy of a
disintegrating society. Only very
reluctantly did these intelligenc
pros accept the new responsibility,
and they would have preferred con-
centrating on the counterintelli-
gence penetration of the terrorist
organizations as a better way of
ensuring an effective defense.
Moreover, once the presidential
order had been issued, the agency
operators in the field found the Leba-
nese security services so fractured
by political and religious rivalries
that no recruitment or training had
been undertaken by March 8 when
the car bomb exploded. In a sense,
this event was looked upon by CIA
officers as a reprieve because it viv-
idly demonstrated all the dangers of
indiscriminate violence they had
been predicting.
In the aftermath of the Beirut
massacre, the presidential finding
in favor of pre-emptive counterter-
rorism was rescinded and the
agency let off the hook for having to
cam, it out.
One other facet of the American
intelligence relationship with Leba-
non may have misled the Post
reporters. For more than 20 years,
the CIA maintained a routine liaison
relationship with Lebanese intelli-
gence as with the intelligence ser-
vices of other non-communist
countries. An exchange of visits and
some training was.involved but this
had nothing to do with recruiting
and -training counter-terror nit
squads.
I n the light of this background, it
does seem that the Post story was
inflated to suggest conclusions
well beyond what the facts could
support and that the CIA got a bum
rap. In the process, American lives
may have been needlessly endan-
gered.
In fairness to the top editors of the
Post. it should be pointed out that the
press spokesman for the CIA
strongly objected to the story when
it was read to him 24 hours before
publication. In the absence of CIA
Director William Casey. the agenc%.
huHevet, passed up Inc opportunitt.
it was given it, appeal up the line
where the iG is ment nn h' have
been different i e all the fact. were
on the table
(f)rd ,f .vc* r nanrrn,tllc yn
dreutrd crrirnnntst
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~A".EA2lAl:..ii0 ARAB HIJACKERS
FORCE T.W.A. JET
TO FLY TO BEIRUT
ONE KILLING IS REPORTED
104 Americans Are on Airliner!
-Gunmen Said to Belong
to the Islamic Holy Isar
By JOSEPH BERGER
Arab gunmen commandeered a
Trans World Airlines jetliner with 104,
Americans and 49 other people aboard
yesterday and forced it to fly on a twist.
ing course from Athens to Beirut to Al-
giers and then back to Beirut, where
the pilot said one passenger was shot to
death.
Minutes after the plane landed for a
u.
Associated Press, the pilot radioed the had seized the plane after smuggling
control tower there: "He just killed a two grenades and two 9-millimeter pis-
passenger! He just killed,a passen. tols through X-ray machines at the
ger! " Athens airport by wrapping the weap.
One of the hijackers then got on the ons in fiberglass insulation.
radio and told the control tower: "You He identified the two men as Ahmed
see. You now believe. There will be an- Karbeia and All Yunes, both 20-year-
other within five minutes." old Shiite Moslems, who he said had
Islamic Terrorist Group come with him from Cairo and spent
Ow night at the Athens airport.
The hijackers, whose number was The volatility of the situation became
put by passengers released during the apparent as the Boeing 727 approached
odyssey at either two or three, were re- theJBeirut airport for the first time.
ported to be members of the terrorist When the control tower at first denied
group Islamic Holy War, which took re- permission for the plane to land, the
sponsibility for the suicide bombings of pilot made a frantic appeal that was re-
1983. More than 300 people died in those
blasts.
There were earlier reports that one
man had been shot and that several
passengers had been beaten when the
plane stopped in Beirut the first time,
but these were contradicted by other
reports that said the t -no-passengers
were hurt. During the fist stop in Bei-
rut the hijackers freed at least 19 pas-
sengers; arost of them wedieftand chil-
dren, and they released at least 18
NEW YORK TTT"FS
15 June 1985
gerq,qW. ct+ew, uunless Israel. released
St+1em prisoners captured in
I.Adigfta the Algerian preys agency
But, they did not carryout their
threat before the plane, T.W.A. flight
847, took off once again for Beirut.
At 2:20 A.M. today in Beirut (7:20
P.M. Yesterday New York time), the
jet landed in Beirut. Air controllers in
Larnaca, Cyprus, said that before land-
ing, the pilot radioed to say he had only
50 minutes of fuel left.
Hijackers Press Pilot
"We want- to determine whether
there are any people on the ground at
Beirut airport," the pilot was quoted as
saying. "We are exhausted, we have
been flying all day, and low on fuel."
He said the hijackers "are pressing us
to know what are the circumstances at
Beirut airport."
The hijacking yesterday was the
third this week in the Middle East. The
Beirut airport was involved in all
three.
A man captured at the Athens airport
reportedly confessed to being an ac-
complice to the hijacking today and
said he was a member of Islamic Holy
War'.
The man, identified as All Atwa, a 21-
year-old Lebanese, reportedly told a
linois who were returning from a visit
to Israel, according to Jackie Soucek,
ppaarish secretary of St
Ill . Margaret Mary
Roman Catholic Church in Algonquin,
.
Flight 847, carrying eight crew mem-*
bens and 145 passengers, left Cairo yes-
terday morning for Athens, where it
was scheduled to pick up passengers
and continue on to Rome. In Athens, 10
Passengers boarded, including two
well-dressed Arab men in their early
20's carrying leather suitcases and al
nylon traveling bag, according to a Po-
lice spokesman.
Within minutes after takeoff, the PO_
lice said, two armed Arab men rose
from their seats in the rear of the
plane.-One of the men approached the
pilot and threatened to blow up the jet.
He ordered the pilot to divert the flight
from Rome to Beirut, a 700-mile jour.
ney acnvgRihe Mediterranean Sea in
the opposite direction.
According to passengers who were
later freed, the armed men - some
passengers said there were three - di-
rected them to put their hands behind
their heads and seized passports as
they went down the aisles.
Frances Reynolds, 67 years old, a
passenger from the Chicago area, said
thelhijackers, "all looked Arabic and
they had beards."
She said, "They kept yelling 'Down t
Down!' in Arabic. One of the steward-
esses translated for us. The stewardess
said they had a bag of grenades and
were going to blow the plane up."
The hijackers, she said
"were b
,
eat-
didn't osee. IItt, the but head She said.
thumps."
As the plane approached the airport,
the control tower told the pilot: "you
have not permission to land Beirut Air-
port. It's up to you and to the hijackers
to go on."
"Beirut," the pilot radioed back,
"the hijacker has pulled the pin on his
hand grenade. He will land at Beirut.
He is desperate.
"We must, I repeat, we must land at
Beirut. We must land at Beirut. No al-
ternative.-
they are beating the passenger!" he Beirut officials had at first blocked
said. "They are threatening to kill the runway with buses, but removed
them now. We must have that fuel now, them. The plane touched down not far
immediately!" Cries and groans that from' he burned wreckage of a Jorda.
sounded as if someone was being nian airliner that had- been seized
beaten could be heard in the back- Wednesday by men believed to be Shi
ground Ire blown u Moslems. The Jordanian plane was
While in Algiers, the gunmen asked p on the ground after its 66 pas-
that Michael H. Newlin, the United sengers and crew members were re-
States Ambassador there, be brought leased unharmed.
to the airport. It was not clear what Hijacker Reads Statement
r
sengers. In. Washington, ole he played in the release of the pas- The jet's first stop in Beirut, which
Reagan said American offic arls were lasted two and a half hours, appeared
more in Algiers. Most of those released "doing everything that can be done" to to be primarily for refueling. During the were said to be Americans. gain the release of the Americans, but meat stop in one Arabic the gver the read a states
he declined to provide details. over the aircraft's
A '1'berat of Executions radio outlining their demands.
While in Algiers, the gunmen threat- Passengers From Illinois These included the release of Shiite
ened to execute the remaining passer- at lmong east 24 Roman Catholics from 11 Moslems
of l
were in Lebanon; internationa
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condemnation of Israeli military ac- The gunmen this time threatened to
tions in southern Lebanon: condemna- "execute" the remaining passengers
tion of United States support for Israel unless Israel released Shiite M otim
and of United States actions in the Arab prisoners. A series of tebetw*en the age"
world; and condemnation of a car tions were concj
bombing in Beirut march 8 that killed rian authorities consulted hijackers, with
80 people. Published reports have said Ambassador Newlin ultei~ said
the bombing was carried out by a that ous stages. Reports in Al riie Presi-
States may have had training from the United Chadli Benjedid, the Alge
States Central Intelligence Agency. dent, received a letter from President
The Israelis are holding about 800 Reagan about the hostage situation,
Lebanese Shiite Moslems at a prison but its contents could not be ~ held.
near the port of Haifa. The of -carrying At bout 8 P M., United Press Interna-
out arrested
terrorist charges the buses drove back to
out terrorist activity against Israeli tional reported, carrying 18 passen-
hijakers in southern Lebanon. The an airport lounge
hijakers asked that the prisoners be g Other dispatches put the number at
transported to Sidon, Lebanon.
The released passengers, mostly eld- 20, and said they included 17mreen, 2
were
erly women and children, were permit- women and a child. Many
ted to slide down the plane's yellow tears, the agency said, though none
emergency chute, according to report- was injured. In New York, T.W.A. said
ers at the scene. They were flown on a 21 passengers were released in Algiers.
r after a five-hour
Middle East Airlines plane to Larnaca, half-hour Algiers, lathe
Boeing 727 taxied
Cyprus. stop There, discussing the first reported onto a runway and took off.
? rted from Beirut that Is-
shooting, one of the freed women, Irma Reuters repo was takingponsibil-
Garsa of Laredo, Tea., said the hijack- lamic Holy War and said it proved
ers had shot in the neck a passenger ity for the hijacking
she described only as.black man. She the organization could strike against
said the man did not appear to be seri- "U.S. imperialism" at will.
ously injured, according to The Associ- A United States official told The As-
sociated Press in Algeria that uncon-
ated Press.
Mrs. Garza was freed in Beirut along firmed information indi i td~ athe t leas
with her daughter, Irma Trautman, sengers on the
and two of the daughter's children, 104 Americans, Greeks
on e Sudane stand
Katherine and Susan. her husband,' ians,2Lebanese ,
Vincente, and her son-in-law, Robert one Mexican. The nationalities of the
Trautmann, reportedly remained on others were not known.
the plane. The hijacking was the third in the
The T.W.A. plane, with about 130 pas- Middle East in three days. Hours after
sengers and crew aboard, took off the Jordanian plane was hijacked
west across a Lebanese 707 jet carry-
again , this ra efor g Algiers, a voy- lu 80 passengers and 6 crew members
the of 1,900 ni es i was taken
on had the landed ground from Cyprus
Authorities ties at . Houari Boumedierine over that
by a Palestinian international Airport there gave the hi- who said lie was retaliating for the Shi-
jackers permission to land because ites' hijacking. After he held three
they were told the T,W.A? jet was again crew members hostage, authorities
low on fuel, the official Algerian press gated his demand to be flown to the
agency said. Jordanian capital, Amman.
The plane touched o and n at came to a
at the Algiers airport Fire-
fighting a mile from the air terminal.
fighting equipment s into and taken out to the
of Al-
giers and flights
were blocked.
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ARTICLI
ON pAGE
cs
os
TIME
24 June 1985
Nation
Terror Aboard Flight 847
Muslim hijackers hold Americans hostage on a murderous journey
Millions around the world
watched their television sets or
listened to their radios as the
horrific drama unfolded. "He
has pulled a hand-grenade pin and is
ready to blow up the aircraft if he has to.
We must, I repeat. we must land at Beirut.
We must land at Beirut. No alternative."
After much delay. the curious, grudging
reply of the Beirut control tower: "Very
well Land. Land quietly Land quietly."
Then another desperate plea: "They are
beating the passengers. They are threat-
ening to kill the passengers. We want fuel
nos Immediately Five minutes at most,
or he is going to kill the passengers.- After
that. another. more excited. more hostile
voice in broken English "The plane is
release of 700 Shi'ites from Israeli custo-
dy, and this appeared to be the first step in
realizing that goal. If Israel and presum-
ably the U.S. balked. declared the hijack-
ers, "our blood will be a witness."
Tension and deep fatigue had marked
the TWA jetliner's third arrival at Beirut.
Not only was the crew frazzled, but the
plane was thought to be in need of main-
tenance. Beirut authorities had again
tried to refuse permission to land, but had
n a political level. the hijackers of
Flight 847 called for the release
not only of the Lebanese Shi'ites
still held by Israel, but of a few
others imprisoned in Cyprus and Kuwait.
They also demanded the immediate with-
drawal of Israeli forces from southern Leb-
anon (a pullout has been under way since
January and, except for patrols and forays
hack into the border area. is now virtually
been overruled by the hijackers and by a complete) and international condemnation
desperate-sounding pilot who said he had of the U.S. and Israel. In a broader sense,
only five minutes' worth of fuel. Even as the Shi'ites of Lebanon, newly radicalized
he prepared to land, Shi'ite militiamen by the violence that has plagued their
around the airport fired their weapons out country, particularly since the Israeli inva -
tosea. at what they claimed was an Israeli sion of June 1982, are seeking a fairer
booby-trapped. If anyone approaches. we gunboat. The lives of remaining passen- shake after generations of neglect and dis-
will blow it up. Either refueling the plane gers and crew were obviously still in dan- ctimination by Lebanon's wealthier and
or blowing it up. No alternative." ger. But particularly disturbing was the more powerful Maronite Christians and
After airport authorities complied, news that on the plane's second stop in Sunni Muslims. Beyond all that, the Shiite
the stricken plane took off from Beirut. Beirut the previous night. some six or fanatical fringe, inspired by the example of
where it had landed after having been hi' eight passengers with Jewish-sounding the Iranian revolution, wants to destroy the
again and re- surnames had been hastily removed from last vestiges of Western "decadence" in the
jacked out osAthens. Ho ag. la - the aircraft in the darkness In effect. this
off Islamic world, particularly the presence of
ed in Allgiers, thentook oHours
turned late that night to Beirut, the meant that the well-organized hijackers the U.S., that "Great Satan." To accom-
had created a hostage crisis within a hos- fish this goal, these extremists have dem-
the hone-weary senseless . And
mnsiinut tes after rising, the landing. crew
slay- tage crisis, and there was no end in sight. p m U.S.. it was no ordinary sky- onstrated that they are willing and even ea-
ing of a hostage, and a harsh voice over For the ger to employ savagery and mass murder.
the plane's radio: "You see" You now be- lacking. no incident involving some trou- This was the first hijacking of an
lieve it. There will be another in five min- bled soul who needed to be jollied or sweet- American airliner in the Middle East
utes." and the nightmare rolled on. talked or strong-armed out of a free ride to since Ronald Reagan took office in Janu-
In the beginning. the hijackers were 1 Havana or Timbuktu It was an American . ary 1981, and the Administration was
outnumbered by their captives 153 to 2. I plane. Trans World Airlines' Flight 847 on deeply disturbed. It was convinced that
and U S. authorities tended to believe that its leg from Athens to Rome. with 153 pas- the hijackers of Flight 847 were in the
the terrorists would soon be overwhelmed
by exhaustion if nothing else. By Sunday
morning, however, with the plane on the
ground in Algiers. the ranks of the hijack-
ers had swelled to between twelve and 15.
and all but 32 male American passengers
and crewmen had been released. The
gunmen set a 10 a.m. deadline l5 a m
E ,D T i for their demands to be met, but
then inexplicably left Algiers more than
an hour ahead of time. Once again. their
destination was Beirut On landing there.
they demanded the release of 50 fellow
Shiite Muslims currently detained in Is-
rael. such a gesture was justified. the hi-
jackers said. by their freeing of three
American men the night before in Al-
giers The terrorists had been seeking the
sengers and crew members aboard, at least same league as the ones who seized a Ku-
100 of whom were Americans. Most im- waiti airliner last December. took it to
portant. the hijackers were identified by an Tehran and eventually killed two Ameri-
accomplice as members of Islamic Jihad can passengers. That incident ended
for Holy Warl, the shadowy Shi'ite Muslim when the Iranians sent a platoon of secu-
organization that is regarded as a sort of rity men aboard the plane dressed as
umbrella for various fundamentalist terror a maintenance crew The hijackers
1 groups operating in Lebanon and other were arrested. but there is no evidence
Middle East countries. Loyal to Iran's rev-
olutionary ruler. the Ayatullah Ruhollah
Khomeini, and quite possibly subsidized
and directed by the Iranian leadership. Is-
lamic Jihad and its confederates are
blamed for many of the suicide bombing
missions that have afflicted American and
other Western military bases and diplo-
matic missions in the Middle East in the
past two years
that they were ever brought to justice.
As Flight 847 zigzagged around the
Mediterranean, the Administration faced
the vexing question of what it should, or
could, do to respond to the crisis. By 9 a.m.
Friday, a working group chaired by Robert
Oakley, chief of the State Department's of-
fice for combatting terrorism had gathered
next to Secretary of State George Shultz's
office in the State Department's antiterror-
ism suite. The group set to work on a 24-
hour watch. monitoring events, establish-
ing communication lines, serving as liaison
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th the various foreign governments in-
volved, soothing the families of hostages
and working out options for US. action.
That evening, the Administration dis-
patched antiterrorist to orce units
OM-West Germany and t-ort Bran.
40- to 50-man units are trained in such
skills as counterintelligence and comman-
o~tions but they have never even
used to storm a eirated airliner.
When asked later in the day what the
U.S. was doing to help, the President re-
plied, "Everything that can be done." But
when asked if it were true that Washing-
ton had threatened to retaliate against
Iran if any U.S. hostages were harmed by
Islamic fundamentalists, Reagan said
flatly, "I can't answer that."
n fact, Shultz had warned Iran months
ago that if any of the Americans kid- 1
naped in Beirut were executed by its
Lebanese surrogates, Iran would suf-
fer the consequences. Precisely what that
means would have to be carefully deter-
mined, but the U.S. has long since learned
that it is difficult to retaliate against so
amorphous an enemy as the Lebanese fa-
natics. Their headquarters and even their
whereabouts are hard to pin down, and
their precise links with Iran are not easy
to define. As Friday turned to Saturday
and the ordeal continued, the President
remained in touch with the situation from
his weekend retreat at Camp David, tell-
ing National Security Adviser Robert
McFarlane. "Let's do all we can to sup-
port the Algerians. Our main objective is
to get those people out safely." Shultz can-
celed a trip to Evanston, Ill., where
he had planned to accept an honorary
degree from Northwestern University.
On Sunday, Shultz and McFarlane were
back at their desks tracking the ominous
new trends in the crisis. The President
remained at Camp David, but was due
to return to the White House Sunday
afternoon.
The hijacking of Flight 847 had begun
Friday morning when the plane, a Boeing
727 that had taken off from Cairo two
hours earlier. landed at Athens and took
on additional passengers. Among them
were 24 members of three Roman Catho-
lic churches from towns in northeastern
Illinois, who had spent a fortnight visiting
the Holy Land. Also among them were
two well-dressed young Arabs carrying
shoulder bags who had arrived from Cai-
ro the day before. Along with a third man,
they spent the night in the airport lounge,
waiting to board the TWA plane. As it
turned out, only two of the men managed
to get seats on the crowded flight; the
third, after arguing with TWA officials,
was forced to stay behind. He was later
arrested at the airport by Greek police
and identified as Ali Atwa, 21, an air-
conditioning technician from southern
Lebanon. He identified his confederates
as Ahmed Gharbiyeh and All Youness,
both 20 and also Lebanese.
According to police, Atwa said he and
the others were members of Islamic Ji-
had, a claim later affirmed by an anony-
mous callei in Beirut and then disputed in
a statement delivered to news agencies
there. The confusion may stem from
Iran's recent efforts to play down its con-
nections with terrorists in hopes of win-
ning international support for its 4%-year
The jet's stops, Eastern times: 1) lands in Beirut 4 a.m. Friday; 2) arrives Algiw s 10:.SO a-
back in Beirut, 7:20 p.m.; 4) Algiers again, 2:45 a.m. Saturday. On a inday, it returnee to Beirut.
struggle against Iraq. Atwa told police
that his friends had managed to smuggle
two grenades and a 9-mm pistol through
the airport's X-ray machines by wrapping
the weapons in fiber glass insulation.
Scarcely 20 minutes after the plane had
taken off for Rome's Leonardo da Vinci
Airport, on a flight that was supposed to
continue via a Boeing 747 to Boston, Los
Angeles and San Diego, it was taken over
by the two terrorists, who wildly bran-
dished their grenades and pistol They gave
the pilot, Captain John Testrake of Rich-
mond, Mo., the first order fly to Beirut. At
Beirut International Airport, the last thing
officials wanted was a skyjacking crisis on
their hands, and so they blocked the air-
port runway with buses and other obsta-
cles. But the terrorists and their captive pi-
lot were having none of it. Demanded the
pilot: "They are beating up passengers. We
must land in Beirut. He has pulled the pin
of the grenade. We must land. He is ready
to blow up the plane."
On the ground in Beirut, the plane was
refueled as the hijackers had ordered. The
terrorists also asked to speak to an official
of Amal, the mainstream Shi'ite Muslim
political and military force, but Amal lead-
ers refused the request. After announcing
their demands; the hijackers released 19
women and children via a yellow escape
chute lowered fivm the forward door. One
freed hostage, Irma Garza of Laredo, Tex-
as, said that the terrorists had shot a pas-
senger in the neck. Another of the released
passengers, Frances Reynolds of Chicago,
ficials responded to the plane's landing
request by closing their airport. But they
changed their minds after the arrival of
an urgent plea from President Reagan to
Algerian President Chadli Bendjedid.
U.S. officials, who well remember the im-
portant role played by Algerian diplomats
in settling the Iranian hostage crisis al-
most five years ago, had hoped that the hi-
jacking could be resolved one way or an-
other in Algiers. But after remaining on
the runway there for five hours, during
which time they released another 21 pas-
sengers, the hijackers ordered the pilot to
take off again and head back to Beirut.
I t was well past midnight in the Middle
East when Flight 847 again landed in
Beirut. The airport-tower operator did
his best to refuse permission, but Cap-
tain Testrake was adamant: he was run-
ning out of fuel, and the 'terrorists were
threatening to ? kill him. A hijacker may
have clinched the argument by shouting,
"We are suicide terrorists! If you don't let
said, "Mom was some shooting, but 1
didn't due raise my head to see what was
happening. The hijackers were beating
people on the header." Passengers were un..
nerved by the behavior, of the hjj kem
They was hysterical, they were scream-
ing," said Patrida Weber of Albuquerque.
Next stop was Algiers, where local of-
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us land, we will crash the plane into your
control tower, or fly it to Baabda and
crash into the Presidential Palace!" The
tower relented. The plane touched down
at 2:20 a.m. Saturday.
Once again, the hijackers asked to
speak to an Amal official, and when none
appeared, they responded by murdering an
American passenger and throwing his
body onto the tarmac. They claimed the
victim, a young man with a crew cut, was a
U.S. Marine who had taken part in "securi-
ty blowups in Lebanon-" It was then, after
the pilot shouted over the radio, "He just
killed a passenger' He just killed a passen-
ger!" that a hijacker declared, "You see?
You now believe it. Them will be another
in five minutes." When the control-tower
operator remonstrated with him, saying,
"Isn't it a shame, killing an innocent pas-
senger?" the hijacker replied angrily, "Did
you forget the Bir al Abed massacre?" He
was referring to the March 8 car bombing
in the Bir al Abed suburb of Beirut that
killed more than 75 Shiite Muslims but
he body of the murdered Ameri-
can had been lying on the tarmac
for about two hours when a hijack-
er told the tower. "The Red Cross
can come and get the body." The hijacker
then called for fuel, food and water, say-
ing. "[ want 200 sandwiches. 150 apples
and 88 lbs. of bananas. But the fuel first,
and make it fast." As the food and fuel
were taken on. the pilot said he wanted
the runway cleared for takeoff at dawn.
He was asked for his destination. His re-
ply: "I don't know."
The next destination turned out once
more to be Algiers, where the plane land-
ed, for the second time, at 7:45 a.m. local
time (2:45 a.m. E.D.T.) Saturday. Algeri-
an officials authorized the landing on con-
dition that the hijackers not use violence.
Before leaving Beirut. it turned out, the
hijackers had demanded that Ali Atwa be
released by Greek authorities and brought
to Algiers. Otherwise, they said, they
would kill all eight Greeks on the plane,
including Singer Demis Roussos. Greek
authorities complied and sent Atwa to Al-
giers in an Olympic Airways plane.
^ Terrorist All Atwa in Algiers on his way to join his comrades on Flight 847
failed to hurt Sheik Mohammed Hussein
Fadallah. one of Lebanon's pro-Iranian
Shiite religious leaders. Shiites later
claimed that the U S Central Intelligence
Agency had engrneere t ee em ing, in an
attempt to tight Shiite terrorism with
counterterrorism: the CIA denied the
charge
Moments after the killing of the pas-
senger. an Amal official and his body-
guard went aboard the plane. where they
remained for some time. As negotiations
continued. a hijackerasked that all airport
lights he turned off. and the demand was
met. At the time. it seemed that the hijack-
ers were fearful of an attack by the Israelis
or by one or another of their enemies with-
in Lebanon. In fact. however, it later be-
came clear that they wanted the darkness
for other reasons: to bring aboard about a
dozen additional terrorists as reinforce-
ments, as well as a supply of arms and am-
munition: and to remove the six or eight
passengers with Israeli- or Jewish-sound-
ing names. A day later. a released passen-
ger. Ken Lanham of San Francisco, re-
ported that the hijackers went up and
down the aisle calling out the names of
these people. and then led them away
Soon after the TWA jetliner landed in
Algiers. two ranking Algerian officials
came aboard and began discussions with
the hijackers. The negotiations evidently
paid off. Having released three hostages
on arrival. the hijackers then released 58
others. That apparently left only Ameri-
can men on board. "We're begging them
to keep the plane in Algiers." said a State
Department official. "Keep talking, keep
wearing them down, but for Christ's sake.
don't let that plane take off again."
Among the stunned and fatigued pas-
sengers released in Algiers was Dorothy
Sullivan of Chicago, who described the
tension during the seemingly endless or-
deal. One of the original hijackers had
been soft-spoken, the other brutal, she
said, and the latter liked to go up and
down the aisle thumping passengers on
the head. Several passengers recalled that
Stewardess Uli Derickson, of Newton.
N.J., had stood up to the hijackers. Said
she, speaking of her passengers: "They're
doing what you tell them to do. Why do
you keep beating them up?" The released
passengers also noted that, before leaving
the plane, they were relieved of their cash
and valuables by the hijackers.
3,
That evening, the terrorists an-
nounced that if their demands were not
met by the following morning, they would
fly to an unspecified destination. and de-
stroy the plane and perhaps its remaining
passengers. By early Sunday afternoon.
they had made good on only the first half
of their ultimatum. arriving in Beirut for
the third time. On the ground. the hijack-
ers called for food. fuel, newspapers and
videocassettes. They urged the Interna-
tional Red Cross to work for the release of
the 50Shi'ites in Israel and "move fast be-
fore it is too late so that all will achieve sat-
isfactory results." The hijackers added
ominously that the next communique
would be their last. presumably meaning
that they planned to destroy the plane
afterward.
Back in the U.S., some worried rela-
tives learned of the hijacking only hours
before they had intended to go to the air-
port to welcome travelers home. Against a
backdrop of yellow ribbons and flickering
candles, parishioners of three Catholic
churches in the Chicago area spent the day
praying, huddling around radios and ex-
changing bits of information. They were
cheered by the news that many of their 24
friends had been released in Beirut or Al-
giers. "We're waiting, we're praying, we're
hoping." said the Rev. Robert Garrity of
St. Margaret Mary Church in Algonquin.
where parishioners maintained an all-
night vigil.
Elsewhere, reactions were much the
same. -[just hope they're not beating peo-
ple. like they say they are." said Pete La-
zansky of Tulsa. whose parents were on
board. Other passengers included Kath-
ryn Davis and her fiance James Hoskins
Jr., both 22 and from Indianapolis, whose
parents had given them European vaca-
tions as college graduation presents. "I
was going to pick her up this evening."
said Stockbroker Stephen Davis of his
daughter. "We just sit here and wait."
Passenger Irma Garza of Laredo tele-
phoned her brother-in-law from Cyprus
to tell him that she and three relatives had
been released but that her husband, a
granddaughter and son-in-law were still
on board. Said the brother-in-law: "She
sounded real nervous. She was crying."
Tina Migos, of Revere, Mass., had been
preparing for the arrival of five relatives
from Greece who were to attend the chris-
tening of her year-old son. "We had a
party planned and everything," a cousin
reported. "Now we're just waiting to
hear what's going to happen."
In Florissant, Mo., Kath-
arine Ellerbrock tuned in a
morning TV show and real-
ized that she was listening to
the recorded voice of her
brother. Flight Engineer Ben-
jamin Zimmerman, talking to
the Beirut control tower. She
said her brother, who manages
to be both a full-time TWA pi-
lot and a Lutheran pastor with
a ministry in the mountains of
01111011111111111
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Idaho, was "strong, steady and
stable" and "has got to be a
comfort to the passengers." In
Richmond. Mo., a small town northeast of
Kansas City. friends and neighbors stayed
up to follow the ordeal of Captain Tes-
trake, who in his spare time raises horses.
restores small antique planes and nurtures
a recently planted vineyard on his nearby
farm. "He's been an airman for a long
time," said Howard Hill, editor of the
Richmond Daily News. "He won't panic."
One of the most troubling aspects of
the plight of Flight 847 was that it was the
third hijacking that occurred in the region
within three days last week, and the sec-
ond apparently engineered by Lebanese
Shi'ites. In earlier times, Arab skyjackers
tended to be Palestinians. from one or an-
other faction of the Palestine Liberation
Organization, attempting to advance or at
least dramatize the Palestinian cause. Shi-
ite Muslim terrorism. linked to Iran ideo-
logically if not logistically, is both more
puzzling and more frightening: drive out
the American Satan and all its influence.
The week's first hijacking had begun
on Tuesday. when half a dozen Shi'ites
stormed aboard a Jordanian-owned
Boeing 727 at Beirut airport. They over-
powered eight Jordanian security guards,
then ordered the Swedish pi-
lot to fly to Larnaca, Cyprus.
Over the next 28 hours, as
the plane bounced around the
eastern half of the Mediterra-
nean, the skyjackers had am-
ple time to air their com-
plaints. They were angry about
an Arab League statement
supporting the cause of the
Palestinians in the Beirut refu-
gee camps, which have been
under attack by Lebanese Shi-
ites for the past three weeks.
The Shi'ites want to drive out
the Palestinians to make sure
that the P.L.O. will never again be able to
set up a "state within a state" in Lebanon.
After several dire threats, the hijackers
freed the passengers, blew up the plane and
sped off in a Range Rover, disappearing
into the Shiite neighborhoods near the
airport.
Several of the released passengers then
boarded the first plane they could catch out
of Beirut. a Middle East Airlines flight to
nearby Cyprus. But as the Lebanese
Boeing 707 landed there, a young Palestin-
ian, producing a hand grenade, threatened
to blow up the plane as a protest against
the earlier Shi'ite hijacking. He soon sur-
rendered to the plane's captain, however,
after being granted his request to fly to
Amman aboard a Jordanian airliner.
On board both the hijacked Jordanian
plane and the hijacked Lebanese plane
were Professor Landry Slade, an American
who is serving as an acting dean of the
American University of Beirut. and his
teenage son William. "It wasn't bad," the
younger Slade remarked, after he and the
other passengers had been released in Cy-
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prus, "but it isn't something we want to talk
about." Two days later, when he learned of
the hijacking of TWA Flight 847, Landry
Slade told reporters, "God help them all. I
know what it's like." Professor Slade was,
in fact, a good deal luckier than his col-
league. Thomas Sutherland, 54, dean of the
American University's agriculture and
food sciences faculty. Sutherland had been
kidnaped earlier in the week as he was rid-
ing in a six-car convoy from Beirut airport
to his campus home. He thus became the
seventh American and the twelfth West-
erner currently being held by various ex-
tremist groups in Lebanon.
In a sense, the hijackings were a micro-
cosm of the horrors rampant in the two
countries that formed the backdrop of the
case. Iran and Lebanon. In Iran. 78 people
were killed and 332 others injured one
night last week in a series of bombing raids
by Iraqi aircraft against the Khomeini re-
gime. After a series of antiwar protests, the
Tehran government sponsored a huge
demonstration at which thousands of
marchers chanted, "War, war till victory!"
Iran has serious internal problems. but
none so critical as to constitute an immi-
nent threat to Khomeini's authority.
In Lebanon, as usual, superlatives
were insufficient to describe the scene.
The fighting in the refugee camps be-
tween Palestinians and Shi'ites spread to
other parts of West Beirut. On Friday
morning. a shell struck a vegetable mar-
ket there. killing or wounding 50 people
Two suicide bombers crashed an explo-
sives-laden car into a Lebanese Army po-
sition. killing 23 and wounding 36. Since
the victims were mostly from the predom-
inantly Shi'ite Sixth Brigade, reports had
it that the bombers were Sunni Muslims,
who have sided with the Palestinians in
the current struggle and view with appre-
hension the Shi'ites' lust for a greater
share of political power. The Shi'ites and
the Druze were allies until about a month
ago, but last week they were shooting at
each other after a group of Amal militia-
men tried to stop a car loaded with Druze.
Druze Leader Walid Jumblatt agreed to a
cease-fire but later, when asked how long
it would last, replied. "Only God and Syr-
ia know." Given all these circumstances.
Syrian President Hafez Assad was con-
tent to let the rival factions in Lebanon
fight on fora while before he risks his own
troops to try to restore order.
In Lebanon, the Israeli forces were
largely gone, but the impasse continued
between the United Nations peacekeep-
ing forces and the Israeli-backed, pre-
dominantly Christian militia known as
the South Lebanon Army. Two weeks
ago, the S.L.A. had seized 25 Finnish sol-
diers of the U.N. force, released three of
them and taken the others to the Chris-
tian town of Marjayoun. It refused to let
them go until eleven of its own members
had been handed over by the Shi'ite Amal
militia. The S.L.A. accused the U.N. force,
which does not recognize the S.L.A. as an
independent militia and customarily dis-
arms its members whenever they try to
pass through U.N lines. of having cap-
tured the eleven S.L.A. members and
turned them over to Amal. The Shiite mi-
litia. in turn, claimed that the eleven S.L.A.
members had defected to their side
At midweek. Israel arranged for West-
ern newsmen to visit Matjayoun The trip
demonstrated not only that the Finns were
in good condition. hut that the Israelis. if
they chose to do so. could hase ended the
incident quickly by putting pressure on the
S.L.A. The situation took a comic turn late
in the week when the eleven S.L.A. men.
all of whom happened to be Shi'ites in an
overwhelmingly Christian militia, told
U.N. and Red Cross officials that they had
no desire to return to the S.L.A. Confront-
ed with this information, the S.L.A. com-
mander. General Antoine Lahd, released
the Finnish soldiers the next day.
This was the world that had produced
the nightmare of Flight 847, an ordeal
that continued without resolution as the
new week began. There were hints that
Israel might be willing to release its Shi'ite
detainees if the U.S. asked it to do so: after
all, only a month ago, the Israelis had ex-
changed 1,150 prisoners, including some
world-class terrorists, for three of their
own servicemen. At the same time, there
were reports that the U.S. Sixth Fleet in
the Mediterranean had invoked a "radio
silence" on its movements-a possible
sign of action to come.
Perhaps nothing so aptly epitomized
the chaos of Lebanon for Americans last
week as the fate of the body of the young
man, said by the hijackers to be a U.S. Ma-
rine. who had been murdered on Flight
847. After lying on the tarmac for two
hours, the body, with a bullet wound in the
head, had been taken by an International
Red Cross ambulance to a morgue at the
American University Hospital in Muslim
West Beirut. U.S. officials, based on the
other side of the "green line" in Christian-
dominated East Beirut, were unable to re-
trieve it for 24 hours. Not until Sunday
morning did a State Department spokes-
man announce that the body was at last on
its way to a U.S. air base in Spain for iden-
tification. Used first as proof of the hijack-
ers' resolve, the stranded corpse had
thus become a symbol of the obstacles and
divisions that afflict the terrorists'
homeland. -ay W7NtamE S,,4& Rp,,td by
John aorrell/A/stars, Doan Flsc>Mr/Giro and
Jotiarr,a McGoary/Washlnafon
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ARTICLE
611 PAGE.
AASr.~VG:
3
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
The CIA on the March 8 Car Bombing
In its lead news article May 12, The
Post alleged that the CIA had "an indi-
rect connection" to the March 8 car
bombing in Beirut which killed more
than 80 people and wounded many
others.
Before the story was published, the
CIA categorically denied to The Post
reporters any involvement. direct or
indirect, in the bombing. Moreover, in
a statement immediately after the
story appesred- the agency pudicy
denied airy caomsction with this event.
The Hasse Select Committee an In-
tdigenoe OJPSa aveetipted The
Post story and inter ails reported to the
h Haas an Jame 12 tarn:
"the oonnmitte I's review has uncov-
ered no evidenoq that any U.S. inteth
grins agency-any U.S. government
agency-h s encouraged or psrtiopsted its article gave the American public
in any terrorist activity in Lebanon. Fur- and the rest of the world the false im-
ther, the committee was able to di.. pression that the U.S. government
cover no evidence that any U.S. intdlt was involved in terrorist activity. This
gewe agency had forelmowledge of the misleading theme has been picked up
March 8 bombing outside the residence by other journalists as fact and has
of Shah Hussein Fadlaiah. even been cited by the Shute terror-
"Without addressing the specdes of fiats as one of them rea for the hi-
the allegations raised in connection will jaddng of TWA Flight 847.
this deplorable terrorist evtent, the corm it is imperative that The Post
metre states that its review of relevant proncptly correct the teamed and bring
documents and Aes and its interview of to its readers' attention the HPSCrs
appropriate government af6cWs Weds refutation of agency aolvat ut in the
to the cwA*mm that no U.S. govern -. March 8 bombing, As Seaetry of State
meat oompbady, direct or indirect, can George Shub said in commenting an
be estabished with respect to the The Post's story, if the CIA denies
March 8 bombing in Beirut" something, irs denied'.
The CIA regrets that The Post fig- GEORGE V. LAUDER
noted our denial of any involvement in 01 n s - "G1"
the March 8 Beirut incident and that sshiu g ~tcn
Wtan
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99th Congress
1st Session HXSE OF REPRE.S=ATIVES
Report
99-
RESOLUTION OF INQUIRY CONCFJN NG TERRORIST
BOMBINGS IN BEIRUT, LAN
June 12, 1985.-Referred to the House Calendar and ordered to be printed
Mr. Hamilton, from the Permanent Select Camittee on Intelligence,
submitted the following
[To accompany H. Res. 171]
The Permanent Select Canmittee on Intelligence, to when was referred the
resolution (H. Res. 171) requesting the President to provide certain
information to the House of Representatives concerning covert training of
counterterrorist units to act against anti-American terrorists in Lebanon or
other parts of the Middle East, having considered the same, report unfavorably
thereon and recommend that the resolution do not pass.
On May 14, 1985, House Resolution 171 was introduced by the Honorable Dan
Edwards and referred to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. The
resolution requests the President to furnish to the House all documents and
factual information in his possession which relate to covert training or other
support, from January 1, 1984 to May 15, 1985, of counterterrorist units
(including any Lebanese intelligence personnel) to engage in action against
anti-American terrorists in Lebanon or other parts of the Middle East.
Introduction of the resolution followed press allegations that the CIA had
been authorized to train and support counterterrorist units of foreigners for
strikes against suspected terrorists before they could attack U.S. facilities
in the Middle East. Immediately after the introduction of the resolution, the
committee began to interview intelligence officials and review pertinent
intelligence documents. The purpose of this review was to determine whether
or not any evidence existed to support the charge that the United States
Government, and specifically the Central Intelligence Agency, knew about
beforehand, or was in sane way responsible for, a March 8, 1985 bombing
incident in Beirut, Lebanon that caused the loss of at least 80 lives and 100
other casualties.
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Ch June 12, the committee met in closed session to consider the
resolution. After a discussion of the information derived from its review,
the committee ordered the resolution reported adversely.
The committee's understanding of the concern which underlies the
introduction of house Resolution 171 is that U.S. counterterrorism policy not
stoop to the tactics of terrorism in seeking to prevent it. The issue posed
by the resolution of inquiry is a serious one. It relates to the U.S.,policy
in countering terrorism, about which there is as yet no clear national
consensus.
The committee's review has uncovered no evidence that any U.S.
intelligence agency - any U.S. Government agency - has encouraged or
participisfed in any terrorist activity in Lebanon. Further, the committee was
able to ,discover no evidence tha U.S. intelligence agency had
farewIedge of the March 8 bomb outside the residence of Sheik Hussein
Without addressing the specifics of the allegations raised in connection
with this deplorable terrorist event, the committee states that its review of
relevant documents and files and its interview of appropriate government
officials leads to the conclusion that no U.S..Government complicity, direct
or indirect, can be established with repect to the blanch 8 bombing in Beirut.
COITTEE POSITION
On June 12, 1985, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, a quorum
being present, ordered the resolution reported adversely by voice vote.
OVERSIGHT FINDINGS
With respect to clause 2(l)(3)(A) of Rule XI of the House of
Representatives, the committee's findings and recommendations concerning House
Resolution 171 are contained in the body of this report.
FISCAL YEAR COST PROJECTIONS
With respect to clause 2(1)(3)(B) of rule XI of the House of
Representatives and section 308(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974,
this resolution does not provide new budget authority or tax expenditures.
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE ESTIMATE
With respect to clause 2(1)(3)(C) of rule XI of the House of
Representatives, the committee has received no report from the Congressional
Budget Office.
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REOCMMENDATION5 OF THE TrEE O,T GOV yr OPERATIOk1s
With respect to clause 2(1)(3)(D) of rule XI of the House of
Representatives, the cottunittee has not received a report from the Committee cn
Government Operations pertaining to the subject of this resolution.
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Iq
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