AUTHOR-JOURNALIST DEBORCHGRAVE BLASTS SOVIET MANIPULATION OF U.S. MEDIA AND NEWS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140017-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 2, 2010
• Sequence Number: 17
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Author-Journalist DeBorchgrave Blasts
Soviet Manipulation of U.S. Media and News
AFIO commemorated the 42nd anniversary of
the Pearl Harbor bombing with an appropriate lun-
cheon address by noted author and foreign corres-
pondent Arnaud de Borchgrave to a sell-out crowd
of more than 425 persons at the Boiling Air Force
Base Officers' Club, just outside the District of
Columbia in Maryland.
Those present were treated to a spirited commen-
tary on the operations of our foreign adversaries and on
the way that influential American news media have
permitted themselves to be manipulated by adversary
views and perceptions.
DeBorchgrave, for 25 years Newsweek senior, edi-
tor and co-author with Robert Moss of two thinly-
fictionalized novels concerning Soviet and Communist
penetration of the U.S. media and government-"The
Spike" and "Monimbo"'-reminded his audience that
in the citadels of Communist power, peace is treated as
a continuation of war by other means. He referred to
the numerous terrorist training camps run by Com-
munist instructors in the Middle East and elsewhere,
and noted dryly that Cuba and Nicaragua are not led by
democratic sheep who have lost their way but by har-
dened revolutionaries fighting a relentless battle against
"'the main enemy": The United States.
Media Shows Criticism of Marxism
U.S. media, the speaker continued, are largely
dominated by writers whose mind-set does not provide
for acceptance of "unfashionable facts," e.g. those
showing Marxism in a bad light. Our journalists are
thus often guilty of "censorship by omission" and have
brought the U.S. press to a point where it has become
an "instrument of illusion." In the new school of jour-
nalism, lie commented, "good news reporters are
always right, and always on the left." DeBorchgrave
thought it preposterous for the American press to claim
that it somehow holds a mandate from the people while
actually it is accountable to no one. As an example, he
said, the U.S. press likening the U.S. role in Grenada to
the four-year-long Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, as
it attempted to do, is not only absurd, but obscene.
Following DeBorchgrave's talk, former ambassa-
dor Clare Boothe Luce, who was a guest of honor at
the luncheon, rose and identified DeBorchgrave as "the
Harriet Beecher Stowe of our era" for his activity in
opening the eyes of the public to unpalatable truths.
She recalled that when her late husband, TIME-LIFE
publisher Henry R. Luce, called in his former TIME edi-
tor, and confessed ex-Communist, Whittaker Chambers,
and said that he could forgive Chambers' membership
in a U.S. Communist cell but not his having been a
Soviet spy, Chambers shook his head: how could
anyone be naive enough to believe that a person could
be a Communist cell member without being a spy?
DeBorchgrave's and Luce's talks were received
with prolonged applause.
AFIO Spring Luncheon
AFIO's spring luncheon will be held on Mon-
day, 9 April, at Bolling Air Force Base, located just
south of the District of Columbia line. Speaker has
not yet been announced. Local members will
receive more detailed information by flyer in the
near future.
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AFIO Election Procedures and Other Controversial Issues
(First of a three-part series)
by Richard W. Bates,
Member of AFIO's Board of Directors
At the October 1983 Convention in San Diego, I
was privileged to preside over the session where our
by-laws were changed to allow voting by proxy. I was
particularly pleased because it was largely at my instiga-
tion that the Board adopted the change, sensing mem-
bership frustration at being excluded from the operation
of the organization because they could not attend
National Convention. We believed that the proxy arrange-
ment would satisfy at least part of that desire to
participate.
To refresh members' memory, a nominating com-
mittee was announced in the Spring 1983 issue of Peri-
scope. The article requested full members to address
nominations for the vacancies to the Board, to Dr. Louis
Tordella, the Committee Chairman, and announced the
intention of the Board of Directors to propose a change
in the Association By-laws to allow for voting by proxy.
The Summer 1983 issue of Periscope included an
article which described proposed changes to the By-
laws to allow for voting by proxy. It stated that if the
proposed change in the By-laws was accepted by the
membership at the 1983 convention, proxies would be
accepted for the Board election at the convention, and a
proxy form was included in the Convention flyer mailed
out to all members. The proxy form gave each fu//
member two options: give his proxy to the Board of
Directors, or name someone else to exercise the proxy.
A list of eight nominees for the four Board vacancies
was presented. It was noted that not a single additional
nomination had been received by the Nominating
Committee from AFIO members.
Between that Periscope issue and the beginning of
the 1983 Convention, only one nomination was received
by the Committee. That name appeared on the printed
ballot.
About 380 proxies were received by the Board.
About thirty of these, however, were sent by individuals
ineligible to vote. About seventy were assigned to indi-
viduals by name. The rest were assigned to the Board of
Directors. Our Chairman also had proxies from all Board
members not in attendance, to exercise their voting
privileges.
The number of proxies given to the Board was no
surprise to anyone who has been active in this sort of
organization. Yet it was unfortunate that the proxy sys-
tem gave the Board virtual control over the election.
Those who attended the Convention will recall that I
called this fact to your attention before I called for a vote
on the By-laws change for proxy voting. The change
carried, and the Board election was held.
Responding to comments from the members pres-
ent, the Board Chairman requested written change
proposals from members. One was received. Based on
that response, as well as comments from the floor at the
Convention, and the Board's own thoughts on the
issues, major changes to AFIO's Articles of Incorpora-
tion and the By-laws are called for.
But there is another issue which needs attention.
Because terms of office expire at times other than
normal, due to resignations and death, over half the
Board will be replaced in 1984. The objective of having
staggered terms is to maintain some continuity in mem-
bership. To have half the Board change in one year is
unacceptable but unavoidable in 1984. However, action
can be taken to ensure that this situation does not recur
in 1987.
We intend to address these issues at the next con-
vention. Before that time, we will fully explain our ration-
ale in the pages of Periscope. The Board welcomes your
thoughts. Please address them to me, at AFIO head-
quarters, and I will be sure they are brought before the
Executive Committee.
Next issue: Board Membership Rotation.
Nominating Committee
For Convention '84
W. Raymond Wannall, Chairman of AFIO's
Board of Directors has appointed a nominating
committee to identify a slate of candidates to be
elected to fill the vacancies on the Board of Direc-
tors at our next national convention in October
1984. AFIO members are asked to send nomina-
tions to national headquarters by May 1, 1984.
The Nominating Committee for 1984 is composed
of David Atlee Phillips, Chairman; George H. Scat-
terday, and Captain Richard W. Bates, USN(Ret.). It
is requested that all nominations submitted to the
nominating committee include the permission of
the nominee to have his or her name placed on the
ballot on which members will vote in October.
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Senate Supports U.S.
Intelligence Museum
Prior to its 1983 winter recess the U.S. Senate
endorsed Senate Resolution S.267 which supports the
establishment of a national historical intelligence
museum. The Resolution was introduced by Senators
Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz), chairman of the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence, and Daniel P. Moynihan (D-
NY), Committee vice-chairman, after a public hearing
on the proposed resolution on November 3, 1983 and
unanimous committee endorsement of it.
Among the many witnesses testifying on the Reso-
lution before the Select Committee at the public hear-
ing was DCI William Casey. Also appearing were
former DCI William E. Colby, Walter Pforzheimer and
Martin Cramer, all AFIO members. Additional written
testimony was forwarded to the committee by a variety
of intelligence officers.
The Resolution passed by the Senate indicated
support for the National Historical Intelligence Museum
project because:
- "intelligence activities have played a crucial role in
the history of the United States;-
- such activities were employed by George Washing-
ton in the American Revolution;
- "it is important that the citizens of the United States
understand the role of intelligence not only in mil-
itary achievement in wartime, but also in maintain-
ing stability in peacetime;"
- "the sacrifices and contributions to intelligence by
thousands of men and women should be com-
memorated;" and
- it is important to collect, preserve and exhibit "intel-
ligence objects of historical significance."
Following the printing of the Senate Select Com-
mittee's hearings, including the written testimony,
a search for a site for the museum, as well as fund-
raising activities, will commence. This activity will be
spear-headed by the National Historical Intelligence
Museum group, whose president is Martin Cramer and
whose initial advisory board includes Colby, Lt. General
Eugene F. Tighe, USAF(Ret), Lt. General William W.
Quinn, USA (Ret), former CIA general counsel Lawrence
Houston, and number of other prominent retired U.S.
intelligence officers.
AFIO members wishing to learn more about plans
for the museum or to volunteer to assist with its devel-
opment, are invited to write Martin Cramer, President,
National Historic Intelligence Museum, Suite 1005,
1712 I Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20006.
Third Florida Intelligence
Symposium on February 27
The Third National Intelligence Symposium will be
held at the Naples Beach Club, Naples, Florida on Feb-
ruary 27, 1984. Sponsorship for this annual event is
shared by the Naples Daily News and Palmer Commun-
ications. Principal guest speaker will be John Barron,
senior editor of The Readers Digest and author of
authoritative books on the KGB. Barron is currently a
member of AFIO's Honorary Board of Directors.
Also speaking at the Symposium will be W. Ray
Wannall, former FBI official and now chairman of
AFIO's board of directors who will talk on terrorism
aimed at the United States; David Atlee Phillips, AFIO
founder and current member of its board of directors
who will describe Soviet involvement in Central Amer-
ica; and Major-General Richard X. Larkin USA(Ret),
AFIO's president, who will discuss Soviet leadership
and the succession crisis in the USSR.
Information concerning tickets and other aspects
of the symposium may be received from John Anson
Smith (member of AFIO's board of directors), P.O. Box
2717, Naples, Florida 33939. His telephone number is
[phone].
Michael F. Speers, living in Weston, Vermont where
he conducts a rare-book business, is interested in organ-
izing an AFIO Chapter. Those AFIO members residing in
Vermont, New Hampshire, and up-state New York who
would like to participate in such a chapter, should con-
tact Mike by phone [phone], or write him at RD 1,
Box 90, Weston, VT 05161.
AFIO Convention '84
AFIO's Convention '84 is scheduled to be held in
the Washington, D.C. area. Tentative convention dates
are Friday and Saturday, October 12-13. Overall Chair-
man for the convention is Bruce Baumgartner, an AFIO
member since its inception in 1975. More details on the
convention will appear in the next issue of Periscope.
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On the Intelligence Bookshelf .. .
Current books of interest to intelligence buffs and
watchers of the world scene. All reviews are by AFIO
members except when otherwise noted.
The Last Days of Empire
Through The Looking Glass, by Anthony Verrier. W.W. Norton & Co.
(1983). $18.50
A friendly advance word of advice to the reader of this book: one
must have committed to memory the names of every British prime
minister, his foreign secretary, and top British officials concerned
with the Middle East, Africa and Europe from 1945 to 1982. That
Order of Battle should also include the identity of the "C'"'s (chiefs of
MI-6 aka SIS) during that same period. Finally, an encyclopedic
knowledge of post-World War II political crises would help.
Verrier has written a densely packed, fascinating book of major
interest to anyone interested in the intertwining relationship of Brit-
ish foreign intelligence activity and British foreign policy. For once, a
dust-jacket of this book sums up the truth: "The fact behind the
fiction of John Le Carre is that after World War II, Britain's desire to
remain a world power was not matched by the required military or
economic resources. Her solution has been to rely on clandestine
operations."
Verrier is very well plugged into British SIS activities and it is not
surprising that although his book is crammed with dolts, fools, and
villains, SIS on balance comes out quite well. Where British intelli-
gence failed (e.g. where its defective intelligence led to the false
assumption by the Eden government that all was well in post-war
Egypt) British foreign policy failed. Where SIS did well (in Kuwait in
the early 1 960s, in Nigeria during the Ibo revolt), the British manage
to salvage their economic and oil positions.
The Americans take their lumps from Verrier. Foster Dulles in
his favorite target. The U.S. is seen primarily as shrewd, power-
hungry and cynical in its dealings with Eden's government, seeking
gain at British loss. To those who will affirm Verrier's view, the book
must be read to gain an idea of its repetitive invective (e.g. page 174:
"In 1958... America had not begun its colonial venture into
Vietnam.")
Verrier can also be ill-informed, as when he states that the SIS
station officer in Teheran was the only member of any diplomatic
mission there who had a regular audience with the Shah. A long line
of CIA station chiefs and American ambassadors who served in Iran
there could put that foolish statement straight.
Penkovsky Case
Chapter 6 of Verrier's book, on the meaning of the Penkovsky
case (despite his curious insistence on spelling the name "Pen-
kowski") is in many ways the most interesting part of his book. It
certainly takes the non-British reader briefly away from the thud of
British permanent undersecretaries and other role-players and offers
respite from the peculiar alphabet-soup of H.M.'s governmental
wire-charts and abbreviations.
Verrier's description of the handling, in place of Soviet GRU
Colonel Oleg Penkovsky (1961-62) primarily by British operatives as
an illustration of intelligence as "the servant of policy" is excellent.
He stakes out a claim, with some justice, that SIS made an enor-
mous contribution to John Kennedy's foreign policy by getting Pen-
kovsky's information on Soviet nuclear weapons and intentions
swiftly to the U.S. President, possibly preventing a nuclear confron-
tation between the U.S. and the USSR.
AFIO readers will read with especial attention the role Verrier
gives to John M. (Jack) Maury (lately AFIO's former president who
died of cancer last July 2) in the Penkovsky case. Maury, then CIA's
chief of Soviet operations, in Verrier's account played a key role in
getting Penkovsky's information to top White House people and to
other key officials in Washington. These finally accepted Penkovsky
as a reliable source at a time when the intelligence community was
seething with behind-scenes arguments that Penkovsky was a care-
fully contrived Soviet disinformation channel. Whether Verrier has
all his facts straight is not today important. In any event much of the
Penkovsky case still remains highly classified. But it was a brilliant
intelligence success, one of the few that has been publicized, and
SIS, the British government, CIA, all can share in that success.
("Success has many fathers....")
The World's Second Oldest Profession
Intelligence and Espionage.' An Analytical Bibliography, by George C.
Constantinides. Westview Press, 1983. $60.00
For once the description of this book in the foreword is not
hyperbole. This book is a "pioneering work". It is nothing less than a
brief critical book review and evaluation of 512 books written on
intelligence and espionage, all except one of them available in Eng-
lish. Constantinides has also included an excellent Glossary and
Abbreviations sections, and a breakdown of the books by chronological
and substantive categories.
The fact that Constantinides carefully read and wrote a critique
on each of these 500 books deserves something more than word
"bibliography". To this years-long task, he brought a keen brain, an
encyclopedic knowledge of the intelligence scene, more than 25
years of intelligence work in which he reached senior positions, and
a basic sense of fairness and balance that shine out from every page.
Constantinides does not pretend to have made a definitive list-
ing of every book written in English about intelligence in the last 90
years but he does claim with some justice that this book "contains
the majority of the more important sources available in English". He
rightly deplores the fact that some of the more important modern
books on intelligence have not been translated from foreign lan-
guages into English; that mountainous task waits for another Con-
stantinides to achieve.
While fair, George is hardly bland in his comments. One need
only read his critique of Philip Agee's book "Inside The Company:
CIA Diary" in which Constantinides alludes to the fact that the
Cuban intelligence service aided Agee in his "authorship" in order to
help him pursue his aim of neutralizing CIA's activities in order to
destroy it. If an author has written a bad, or a badly flawed book,
Constantinides is not hesitant to say so and gives precise reasons
why.
He is similarly caustic with a number of journalists, such as David
Wise and Tom Ross, who have made a lucrative cottage industry out of
writing about U.S. intelligence, often with a heavy dosage of malice
and inaccuracies.
This book may be considered an extended if heavily duplicatory
version of the Bibliography of Intelligence Literature, Seventh Edition
(revised) published by the Defense Intelligence School, Washington,
D.C. in August 1981, a soft-cover volume which contains far fewer
entries than Constantinides' chef-d'oeuvre.
As can be expected, British authors form the majority of those
listed but the books listed and reviewed cover the entire history of
man's ventures into "the world's second oldest profession", espion-
age, from Sun Tzu to the present. The book's contents give the lie to
the facile intellectual comment that the field on intelligence lacks its
own literature.
Don't let the price of the book scare you. First of all, it's worth
every penny of its price to the intelligence professional or reseacher.
AFIO readers who have trouble finding the book locally, can order it
from Westview Press, 5500 Central Avenue, Boulder Colorado
80301. It is also available in the Washington, D.C. area at Kramer
and Francis Scott Key book stores.
Forgotten Crises
One of the problems for the American reader of Verrier is to
remind himself constantly that Britain was having international
crises between 1945 and the present which have long been forgot-
ten in the U.S. Who recalls, for example, Britain's problems in
1966-67 with the lbo revolt in Nigeria? This crisis was far over-
shadowed by the 1967 "Six Day War" between Israel and its Arab
enemies: Egypt, Jordan and Syria. Or that the British had a head-
ache in protecting Kuwait against Iraq in 1960, a year in which the
American elections and the Bay of Pigs fiasco monopolized head-
lines in this country?
A thought-provoking book. That a string of British governments
attempted to hold a rapidly dissolving empire in place by using
shows-of-force and sophisticated intelligence gambits instead of the
military muscle needed but non-existent, was truly a looking-glass
unreality. But the fact that the British juggled an untenable situation
as long as they did, excites admiration. And one good thing came out
of it, not yet the case in our country. British intelligence and British
diplomacy work relatively smoothly, hand in glove.
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AFIO Chapter Activity
Arizona
Arizona chapter held a meeting on November 12, in
which it elected the following officers: president, Louise
M. Hoppy; 1st vice president, Edmund C. Jilli; 2nd vice
president, Lloyd G. Wiggins; secretary-treasurer, LTC
Myron Smith, USA(ret).
California
San Diego Chapter. Following its sterling perfor-
mance as host chapter for the 1983 national conven-
tion, this chapter held a meeting on November 18 and
heard AFIO life member Joe Elliot discuss defenses
against, and detection of, wiretaps. The chapter's annual
Christmas Party was held on December 9 at Oakwood
Gardens in Coronado. The chapter welcomed seven
new members.
Florida
Southwest Chapter. AFIO President Dick Larkin
spoke at a special luncheon meeting of the chapter on
November 30, and had a good exchange of views with
members present. On November 12, the chapter held a
joint meeting with the Lee County Chapter of the Mil-
itary Order of World Wars (Bill Hornaday is president of
the MOWW chapter as well as member of AFIO South-
west Chapter's executive committee). Speaker at this
meeting was Philip Clarke, a veteran journalist and
commentator.
Suncoast Chapter. AFIO President Dick Larkin
spoke at a dinner meeting of this chapter on November
30 at the MacDill AFB Officers' Club, held jointly with
the Tampa Navy League Council. General Larkin dis-
cussed Soviet weaponry and the need to upgrade NATO
missiles in the face of the huge Soviet propaganda cam-
paign against them. The new chapter directory lists 53
active members.
PERISCOPE
Classified Section
RUSSIAN TRANSLATOR/RESEARCH ANALYST
Applicant to be available on consultative contract
basis. Must be ready to make excellent English transla-
tions of general, scientific and technical Russian lan-
guage texts, and to give topical Soviet area studies
support to research and policy study centers. Should
have broad background in teaching, curriculum devel-
opment, training and in cryptologic agencies. Apply to
Claude 0. Proctor, Director, Southwest Language Ser-
vices, P.O. Box 113 1, Georgetown, Texas 78627. Tele-
phone [phone].
PLANNING RESEARCH CORPS (PRC) POSITIONS
PRC, leader in Navy systems engineering, is offer-
ing two employment opportunities. The first is for ship
alteration technicians and specialists in the Washing-
ton, D.C. area, and requires an engineering degree or
equivalent experience, as well as four or more years of
hands-on experience with ship systems, AAW and
ASW systems. The second job is one for senior com-
munications engineer/analyst to assist in development
of an intelligence/electronic warfare specification for
the U.S. Army. Background in Army Sigint and working
knowledge of ERADCOM, Army ACCS etc. desirable.
Position is in McLean, Va area. Interested applicants for
both jobs should call Joan Miller, PRC corporate man-
ager for engineering staffing at [phone] or
800-336-3772.
Ohio Banqueteers. AFIO Founder Dave Phillips chats
with Barbara Larkin, Northwest Ohio chapter president,
at the chapter's 1983 annual banquet.
Greater Chicago Chapter. Tom Macke, chapter
secretary, has written an excellent chapter report urging
AFIO members in the Chicago area to get together to
support AFIO's goals.
Ohio
Northern Ohio Chapter. At this Chapter's fourth
annual banquet, held in November at the Hermit Club in
Cleveland and attended by 75 members and guests,
David Atlee Phillips, AFIO founder and currently member
of its board of directors, was guest speaker. Other AFIO
members present at the occasion were Don Huefner,
former AFIO board officer from the Washington, D.C.
area, and LTC Sammy Snider, USAF(ret), from Wells-
ville, Pa. On November 21, Snider, a distinguished U-2
pilot, addressed an audience at Normandy High School
in Cleveland.
Kelly Johnson Honored
On November 7, 1983, President Reagan presented
the National Security Medal to Clarence L. (Kelly) John-
son, the famed designer of U.S. military aircraft. John-
son, now 73 years old, and a vice-president of Lockheed
Corporation, lives in Encino, California. He designed the
P-38 fighter plane in World War II, the F-104, and the
U-2 and SR-71 "spy planes".
Johnson's citation reads that he was presented the
NSM for "exceptional meritorious service in a position of
high responsibility", and had made "an outstanding con-
tribution to the national security." This marks the first
time that an aeronautical engineer has been given this
high honor. Only 31 other persons have received the
NSM. Johnson was previously awarded the Medal of
Freedom in 1964 and the National Medal of Science in
1966, both presented by president Lyndon B. Johnson.
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Foreign Hostile Intelligence Services Support Middle East Terrorism
Following is a reprint of excerpts from the text of a thoughtful analysis of the background of terror attacks on
U. S. Marine and Embassy installations in Beirut as well as those against French and Israeli targets in
Lebanon, which appeared in the December 30, 1983 issue of the New York Times:
Security analysts point to a variety of reasons why
they are convinced that a government intelligence
organization-or something very similar, such as the
intelligence arm of one of the Palestine Liberation
Organization factions-must have been involved in all or
most of the recent bombings.
Referring to the Oct. 23 bombings of the Marine
Corps and French compounds in Beirut, a retired Middle
Eastern intelligence expert said:
"There is absolutely no question that this attack
was carried out by a professional intelligence organiza-
tion. Anyone who says differently doesn't know what he
is talking about. There is much more to planning and
executing a covert operation like this than meets the eye
of the untrained observer."
The intelligence expert explained that it was clear
the bombers of the American and French compounds
were working on the basis of a detailed operational plan,
which he said was standard procedure in any compli-
cated covert operation of this nature.
Details About the Target
They clearly went according to the book, he said,
and learned every detail about how the target worked,
where the guards were posted, where the soldiers lived,
what the operating procedures were at the entrances
and exits, how many guards were posted, what weap-
ons they could be expected to be carrying, what barri-
ers had to be crossed, the structural design of the target,
the quantity of explosives required to bring it down,
where to place lookouts along the route and probably
hundreds of other details.
"The more complete and complicated your opera-
tional intelligence, the more likely you are to succeed in
the letter-perfect way in which they did," the intelli-
gence expert said. "The less you know about the target,
the more likely you will be to make a mistake. And if you
know nothing about how the target works, you are cer-
tain to make a mistake."
Intelligence Modus Operandi
Probably the most important indication that a well-
trained professional intelligence organization was in-
volved in most of these bombings was that, except in the
case of Kuwait, the perpetrators left almost no trace of
their identity. They conceived, planned and executed the
operations without being found out, and in the intelli-
gence business, one Arab security expert said, "that is
what it is all about."
Another hint that governments were involved, noted
Professor Merari, the Israeli expert on terrorism, is the
lack of straightforward claims of responsibility.
"When there is no clear-cut claim," Mr. Merari
said, "we tend to believe that a state is behind it. The
whole purpose of terrorism usually is to claim credit.
Every terrorist group ultimately is a political entity that is
striving to promote a specific cause and attract more
followers, whether to form a state or liberate a certain
territory. The terror is only a medium to this end. Terror-
ist groups rarely do things they don't publicize."
"A state, however," he added, "cannot afford to
claim real credit for such operations since they would
constitute casus belli. So in these cases there is usually
no claim or false claims to throw people off the scent."
Islamic Holy War
That may very well be the case with the mysterious
entity known as Islamic Holy War.
After the bombings at the embassy here, the Marine
compound, in Tyre and in Kuwait, an unidentified man
telephoned a Beirut news agency and asserted that the
attacks were the work of Islamic Holy War. The caller
never said the Islamic Holy War Organization, just Holy
War. The press, anxious to explain what Islamic Holy
War might be, immediately began labeling it pro-Iranian
organization, and some even ascribed to it an ideology
and links with other pro-Iranian groups.
At this point, security analysis believe that Islamic
Holy War is either the deliberate fabrication of a govern-
ment intelligence organization undertaking these attacks
or is a name that a variety of different underground
groups with like-minded objectives are adopting for a
series of related or unrelated attacks against American,
French and Israeli targets in the Middle East.
Lack of Western Agents
Despite their leads, many analysts have been
puzzled as to how all of the attacks could have been
carried out without more specific intelligence being pro-
duced on who exactly is behind them.
There are several reasons, they said, why obtaining
hard proof has been difficult.
First, the largest attacks appear to have been
orchestrated by government agencies, bringing together
disparate elements on an ad hoc basis for the specific
job, after which they dissolved. Investigators may pick
up a fragment of evidence here or a low-level operative
there, but they are still several layers away from the
ultimate masterminds, who hide behind "cutouts," or
front men.
The second reason is the difficulty Western govern-
ments face in gathering intelligence in the Middle East
these days. Both the United States and Israel depended
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In Memoriam
Mr. Karl H. W. Baarslag
Tequesta, FL
Mr. John Harry Elrod
Silesia, MD
Mr. John T. McCusker
Redding, CA
Mr. Robert W. Middlesworth
San Andreas, CA
Mr. Herbert E. Scott
Punta Gorda, FL
DONATIONS
The following names have generously contributed amounts
equal to or exceeding one year's annual dues.
Mr. William E. Colby
Washington, D.C.
Mrs. Cordelia T. Condray
Cheverly, MD
The Honorable Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.
Washington, DC
Edward M. Gunn, MD
Hilton Head Island, SC
Mr. Otto T. Hess
Bradenton, FL
New Life Members
Mr. J. Jerome ALEXANDER
17931 Pond Road
Ashton, MD 20861
Mr. Bruce ANDERSON
900 Allied Bank Plaza
Houston, TX 77002
Mr. Daniel C. ARNOLD
104 Cedar Glen Drive
New Hope, PA 18938
Mr. Clyde W. BAUER
2127 North Euclid Avenue
Upland, CA 91786
MAJ Lynn R. BISHOP, USA(Ret.)
209 Alder Street
Liverpool, NY 13088
Mr. Donald R. COTTER
1101 S. Arlington Ridge Road,
Suite 911
Arlington, VA 22202
Mrs. Carl F. (Margaret C.) EIFLER
22700 Picador Drive
Salina, CA 93901
Mr. Harry LUCAS, Jr.
P.O. Box 56467
Houston, TX 77256
MAJ Chester Allan THOMAS, USA(Ret.)
Arlington, VA 22203
Mr. Henry K. VOIGT
210 Mendell Place
New Castle, DE 19720
NEW INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATE
McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company
St. Louis, MO
New Members
Members who have joined AFIO since January 1,
1984 will be listed in the Spring issue of Periscope.
COL Thomas F. Lancer, USA(Ret.)
Washington, D.C.
Miss F. Catherine Rigsbee
Saluda, NC
Mr. Michael C. Smith
Chicago, IL
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE UNITS
SUPPORT NEAR EAST TERROR
(continued from page 6)
heavily on agents and informers cultivated within the
Palestine Liberation Organization for their information
on subversive groups in the area. The Americans, it has
been reported, were deprived of much of this intelli-
gence when the P.L.O. pulled out of Beirut last year.
Layers of Terrorist Complicity
According to three different sources, interrogations
have disclosed that there were at least two layers of
individuals involved in the embassy attack.
The lowest level involved primarily local Lebanese
of different religious backgrounds who were the opera-
tives. These people were apparently recruited individually
for specific roles, including carrying letters between dif-
ferent parties, providing information on the embassy
layout and internal operations (a role said to have been
played by the watchman), providing hideouts for plan-
ning meetings before the blast, ferrying explosives and
helping to guide the truck on its deadly mission. Most of
these people, the sources said, apparently worked for
money.
Above these operatives was a second layer of super-
visors, the men who were clearly planning and organizing
the bombing, the sources said. It is understood from
sources close to the investigation that these supervisors
were Palestinians. They said it was not clear at this time
whether they were working individually for a still higher
authority, such as Syria, or on behalf of a specific Pales-
tinian guerrilla faction.
They were, however, intelligence professionals, and
some Middle Eastern security sources are understood to
believe they may have been linked to the Syrian-backed
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General
Command, led by Ahmed Jabril, a group known for its
skill and innovation with remote-control explosive de-
vices along the lines used in the embassy bombing.
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From the President's Desk:
The recent publication of the reports of the Depart-
ment of Defense Commission on the Beirut terror bomb-
ing of our Marines and of the Kissinger Committee on
Central America should provide much-needed catalysts
for law makers and policy makers to accelerate the res-
toration of the decimated ranks of our intelligence com-
munity. Both reports made an excellent case for the
long-range, consistent intelligence capability which AFIO
has espoused. Both reports also esposed the grave
seriousness of the current situation because the capabil-
ity was stripped away some years ago. I suggest that we
all use these bipartisan findings in whatever fora we can
find, to quicken the drum-beat of the revitalization
process.
Many of our Chapters are stepping out smartly in
conducting terrorist symposia, and deserve our " 'atta-
boys." The topic is attractive because the menace is so
real; the solution, though, is complex, time-consuming,
and may require legal action or new interpretations of
existing law.
Meanwhile, while the free world burns and ex-
plodes, the playmakers in the Kremlin continue to pout
about our unwillingness to forfeit the European issue,
continue to violate previous treaties, accords, and near-
treaties, continue to castigate western firm leadership,
and to subvert the NATO deployment decision. It will be
interesting to count the anti-nuclear demonstrators in
East Germany and Czechoslovakia; it will be sad to trace
Welch Memorial Fund
Nears $50,000 Goal
AFIO members will recall that two years ago a
Richard S. Welch Memorial Fund was created at Har-
vard University for the purpose of teaching and talking
about the role of intelligence in the formation of U.S.
policy. This fund commemorates Welch, at that time CIA
station chief in Greece, who was murdered outside his
residence in Athens of December 23, 1975 by assassins
as yet unknown.
Co-chairman of this fund are John A. Bross and
Christopher May, both retired CIA officers and both Har-
vard alumni, as was Welch. A distinguished committee
for the fund includes former CIA directors (Ambassador)
Richard Helms and William Colby.
Goal for the Fund was set at $50,000. As of Janu-
ary 1, 1984, the committee had raised about $39,000. In
1983, the first Richard Welch Research Fellow in intelli-
gence, Roger Hamburg of Indiana-South Bend, took up
residence at Harvard's Center for International Affairs
(CFIA) in Cambridge, Mass, thanks to the separate gen-
erosity of Frank Boas.
The committee would very much like to reach its
$50,000 financial goal in 1984. AFIO members and
others interested in this constructive concept to memor-
ialize Welch may send tax-free contributions to the
Richard S. Welch Memorial Fund, c/o Dean Bayley
Mason, John F. Kennedy School of Government, 79
Boylston Street, Cambridge, Mass 02138.
their exodus into the gulags and camps for their re-
education on the difference between a Soviet nuclear
missile and our "imperialistic offensive" one.
As we watch the world events and make a contri-
bution when we see the opening, I urge you all to be
alert for potential new members for AFIO whose addi-
tion to our ranks you are willing to endorse. Quality of
members remains our primary goal but a little more
quantity couldn't hurt a bit.
In the interest of improving AFIO as an organiza-
tion, I would urge you to read Dick Bates' piece in this
issue concerning changes in the Articles of Incorpora-
tion and the By-Laws. We would really appreciate nom-
inations for the Board from our members so that the
Board of Directors reflects the will of all members.
AFIO Educational Monograph
Series In High Gear
More than 9500 copies have been printed and dis-
tributed of AFIO's initial educational monograph, Hans
Moses' "The Clandestine Service of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency." The monograph's popularity among
members and in the intelligence community remains
high. It was first published in mid-1983.
AFIO's second monograph in this series, "National
Security and the First Amendment" by John Warner,
AFIO's board member and retired CIA general counsel,
is in its final preparatory stages. Its publication will prob-
ably occur in spring 1984. All AFIO members in good
standing will receive a copy of this monograph.
A third paper in the educational series, one on the
Soviet KGB, is also being processed at AFIO national
headquarters and will probably be published later in
1984.
PERISCOPE is published quarterly by the Association of
Former Intelligence Officers, McLean Office Building,
6723 Whittier Ave., Suite 303A, McLean, VA 22101.
Phone [phone].
Officers of AFIO are:
Maj. Gen. Richard X. Larkin, USA(Ret.) ..... President
Robert D. Brown, Jr .................. Vice President
Robert J. Novak ......................... Treasurer
Charlotta P. Engrav ...................... Secretary
John K. Greaney ................. Executive Director
Harris Greene ................ Editor of PERISCOPE
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