PERISCOPE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 2, 2010
• Sequence Number: 13
• Content Type: MISC

Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
Intelligence Community Improved and Pulling Together
Dr. Albert D. Wheelon of PFIAB Tells AFIO Audience
It was all good news as Dr. Albert D. Wheelon, a
senior vice president of the Hughes Aircraft Company,
briefed AFIO's Flag Day luncheon from his vantage point
as a member of the President's Foreign Intelligence
Advisory Board.
Dr. Wheelon, who since 1970 has headed the Hughes
group responsible for space and communications pro-
grams, compared his return to the intelligence arena
with the experience of Rip Van Winkle. "Because I
haven't been watching the plants grow but, rather,
came back when the garden was fully in bloom, perhaps
I've been able to get a little clearer impression of the
enormous progress that's been made since that day in
1966 when I hung up my gown."
"It's clear to me," he said, "that the other intelligence
agencies are rallying behind Bill Casey's leadership."
Wheelon noted that the Intelligence Community is
characterized by a stability and a collaboration unknown
in his time as CIA's deputy director for science and
technology. "Bill Casey supports his Community and
they support him, and together they support the Presi-
dent and our country."
Since his appointment to PFIAB, he said he has been
pleased to see the Intelligence Community working
together, with more support and less duplication. "It
seems to me," Dr. Wheelon noted, "that the analytical
community is closer to an intellectual equalibrium in
which people can see opposite sides of the same issue
and debate them without passion, but with reason ...
you don't have the polarized sort of hard, entrenched
opinions that were so much a part of my time." He has
noted also that the problem mix, the requirements
placed on the Intelligence Community, is substantially
wider than it once was. "Today, we must collect and
analyze data on drug trafficking, on terrorism, on the
debt crisis of Third World countries, which is pretty
important, on technology outflow, and on a succession
of arms controls talks that are forever starting and break-
ing down." Yet another improvement, said the speaker,
is "at long last we all seem to have identified the real
enemy."
"I think one of the most welcome surprises that I
came across is the relationship that the Community
enjoys with academia today, and other intellectuals,"
the speaker said. He cited the many conferences held
throughout the year on important research projects and
the number of distinguished academics who serve sab-
baticals in the intelligence agencies. But, unlike aca-
demic relations when Dr. Wheelon was with CIA, "the
difference is that usually took place in secret, and the
relationship today seems tobe out on the top of the table
and in clear view, and people seem comfortable with it."
He also noted what he called a renaissance taking
place. "In my time, the very sophisticated technical ana-
lyses were done too often by contractor people at
national laboratories or major corporations. Today I can
tell you that those same analyses are performed by
career intelligence officers who are extraordinarily well
trained and completely conversant with all the technical
details that they once deferred to others."
(continued on page two)
In This Issue: Special Election Supplement
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
Wheelon Sees Improvement
(continued from page one)
Dr. Wheelon was limited as to what he might say
about new technical collection systems, but added that
"Today we are dollar limited, not idea limited." Recalling
the time of his government service he observed that
""we were constrained only by our inventiveness and our
creativeness to come up with new collection systems.
The fact is that today we have more good ideas and
more good collection systems than we have dollars to
build them. They also cost a lot more, which is the other
part of that statement."
The Hughes official indicated that he is impressed by
the pervasive influence of computers, data processing
systems and data banks which have replaced the shoe-
box files of his time. "They have drastically improved our
ability to recall data and to correlate it ... resulting in
much better intelligence evaluation."
Dr. Wheelon commended NSA's leadership, continu-
ing today, in computer design and use. He also gave the
Agency high marks for its better use of women, having
tapped "the other fifty percent of the country's IQ," and
its ability to hire and stimulate unusually bright people
and hold their interest for a lifetime of professional
activity.
The FBI's successes in rolling up terrorist cells, he
said, is evidenced by the dramatic drop in terrorist inci-
dents domestically. "As we keep score there were 51
terrorist incidents in 1982. That number in '83, a year
later, had dropped from 51 to 31, and last year, in 1984,
it had dropped to about 5 or 6. And, that's a ten to one
decrease in a two year period.", He recognized that the
situation is improving very substantially in the U.S.
"while the rest of the world was bursting into flames
from terrorism."
He noted that the FBI's counterintelligence successes
have made headlines recently, not without some em-
barassment to the Department of Defense, the CIA and
the FBI itself. "But, the point is that they're uncovering
these operations and closing them down. And that, too,
is good news for America."
The competing collection and analytical efforts of the
three military services, he said, "seem to have sorted
themselves out; they aren't stepping in each other's way
any more." He found the military elements to be per-
forming "a super job," observing that the Navy's pro-
grams are especially strong today.
Dr. Wheelon also commended the Air Force's sus-
tained, strong program, noting, however, that the space
shuttle has been both a curse and a blessing. Although
the shuttle offers the opportunity for enormous weight
and volume for satellites to be placed in space, he said,
there remains the basic conflict between NASA's inter-
est in publicizing the program widely and the Air Force's
desire for security of its activities. "In retrospect," he
added, "I think that the decision which was made during
the Carter years to compel the Air Force to rely exclu-
sively on the shuttle was a tragic mistake. That mistake
has now been corrected in large part at the urging and
the intervention of the PFIAB ... The Air Force is once
again buying Titan rockets so as to have a supplemen-
tary launch capability."
During the question and answer session following his
talk, Dr. Wheelon was asked to identify major problems
that have yet to be resolved in the Intelligence Commun-
ity. Understandably, he deferred on matters pending
before PFIAB, but noted: "I think that one problem we
can talk about because its perennial, it's ephemeral, is
the problem of how do you get out of a rut in your
thinking about a problem, how do you get away from
common wisdom in analyzing a situation-the pattern,
device, assumption and continuity of thinking. How do
you make a new departure, how do you consider a new
hypothesis? It's the problem that academic scholars
have to break a pattern of presumption. And, I think
that's always been with us in intelligence and always
will be. To a very great extent intelligence analysis
becomes a captive, a partial captive, of the hoped-for
answer. None of us want to be characterized as pessi-
mists, and I think the preservation of detente had ridden
higher than any of us realized in our subconscious think-
ing over the years. And so I think its the ability to sort of
get away from it all, step back and think hard about hard
problems, and to think about the unthinkable once and a
while, is probably the greatest challenge the Community
has today. I think the collection is in good shape; I think
the analysis is and probably always will be our greatest
challenge."
To another question, one concerning U.S. adherance
to failing foreign regimes, Dr. Wheelon reminded the
audience that foreign policy issues must be addressed
apart from intelligence issues. To a question concerning
presidential access, he noted the benefits gained by
DCI's exceptional access to the President and gave
assurance that PFIAB's recommendations are also well
received by President Reagan. And, to a question noting
that the U.S. is proceeding against those who would sell
classified information to the enemy, while senior offi-
cials are giving classified intelligence away "for free" on
a regular basis, the speaker noted that PFIAB considers
the problem a serious one and will be making recom-
mendations to the President about it.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
FOR AFIO MEMBERS
Arnaud de Borchgrave, the Editor of The
Washington Times, provided us gratis the enclosed
reprints on "The Disinformation Network.",
Senator William V. Roth (R-DE) has agreed to
have printed and sent to all AFIO members a
summary of the Senate Select Committee on
Intelligence Report "Soviet Presence in the UN
Secretariat."
In the last issue the address published for the International Journal of
Intelligence and Counterintelligence was incorrect The publishers
address is P.0 Box 188, Stroudsburg, PA 18390, the editorial offices
may be contacted at the P O Box 411, New York, NY 10021
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
Notes from the Board Room Notes from National
The Board of Directors met at 1400 hours on April 12,
1985, at the Bolling AFB Officers' Club, following the
AFIO Spring luncheon. Thirteen Board members were
present and seven were absent but represented by prox-
ies. Also present were the AFIO officers and Mr. John
Waller, Chairman of the 1985 Convention Committee.
Mr. Waller reported on plans, and progress to date, for
the 1985 Convention, noting that arrangements with
the Crowne Plaza Hotel in Rockville, Maryland, have
been agreed on.
Mr. Greaney reported on his discussions with three
Florida Chapters during a trip in February. He also
reported he had met with officials at several hotels in
the Orlando area regarding plans for the 1986 Conven-
tion, scheduled for October 17-18, and had determined
that the Holiday Inn in Orlando offered the most satisfac-
tory arrangements. The Board approved signing the con-
tract presented by the hotel. Mr. Tom Polgar has agreed
to be in charge of the 1986 Convention plans.
The meeting was adjourned at 1530 hours. Submit-
ted by Charlotta P. Engrav, Secretary.
NEW LIFE MEMBERS
Mrs. Mary Ella BELL
Washington, D.C.
CAPT William A. CAHILL, USN (Ret.)
Potomac, Maryland
Mrs. J. Thomas DALE (Marilyn)
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
LtCoI William D. DIXON, USAF(Ret.)
Ft. Walton Beach, Florida
Mr. J. William FOLEY
McLean, Virginia
Col John R. HILLIARD, USAF(Ret.)
Fort Washington, Maryland
Mr. William W. JOHNSON
Mountain Home, Arkansas
Miss Margaret E. MOODY
Arlington, Virginia
Miss M. Lucille MUNTZ
Washington, DC
Mr. Charles D. ROCKHILL, Jr.
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Mr. John W. SINGLETON
Annandale, Virginia
Col Charles T. WILLIAMSON, USMC(Ret.)
Melbourne, Florida
We certainly hope that the membership appreciates
the new procedures for electing the AFIO Board of
Directors. Remember that all ballots must be mailed in
to the AFIO Office with a postmark not later than Sep-
tember 15, 1985 to be counted. There will not be any
voting for Board members at the Convention. This proce-
dure was adopted in order to permit all full members of
AFIO to vote for the Members of the Board of Directors
whether or not they attend the convention. Each full
member may vote for seven nominees from the enclosed
ballot. There are no provisions for write-in candidates
since nominations were closed after the May 1 deadline
set forth in the Winter issue of Periscope. If a ballot
contains votes for more than seven candidates, it will be
an invalid ballot and not be counted. It is requested that
each voting member print his name so that we can
verify that he or she is a paid-up, full member regular or
life.
We are very encouraged with the members' response
to our invitation to convert to life membership. Since
April more than twenty have either paid in full or begun
their installments and we do thank you.
You will note that we have included as an insert a
reprint of a book review which was written by our Presi-
dent Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, Jr. and appeared in the Bos-
ton Globe on June 9, 1985.
The executive Committee approved the By-Laws and
issued Charters to two new Chapters. These are the
New England Chapter with Mike Speers as the Presi-
dent and the New Mexico Chapter with Thomas J.
Smith as the President. This is very encouraging and we
congratulate both groups.
Plans are moving along well for the Eleventh National
Convention to be held at the Crowne Plaza Hotel in
Rockville, Maryland on October 4th and 5th, 1985. We
are pleased that the hotel was willing to give us the
accommodations at the same price as last year, namely
$55.00 per night single or double occupancy. We have
been able to retain the same registration fee of $25.00
for those who register for the convention prior to 9 Sep-
tember 1985; thereafter the fee is $35.00. There will be
a slight increase in the luncheon costs but the banquet
remains the same since we have not included wine this
year.
We hope to see you at the convention in Rockville.
The response of those members who have seen the
DoD/State pamphlet, dated March 1985, "The Soviet-
Cuban Connection in Central America and the Carib-
bean" has been enthusiastic. We tried to get enough
copies to include them with the last Periscope; however,
State would only send 50 copies to each address so we
had State send them to the AFIO Chapter Presidents.
Should you have a need for up to 50 more copies, please
write to, Miss Joy Cothran, S/LPD, Room 5917, Depart-
ment of State, Washington, DC 20520, and be sure to
identify the pamphlet.
-John K. Greaney
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
PFIAB: A History
During his address before AFIO's summer luncheon,
Dr. Albert D. Wheelon gave a short history of the Presi-
dent's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, of which he
is a member. A summary is presented here.
Gen. Mark Clark, who headed the intelligence task
force of the second Hoover Commission which began its
work in 1953, urged the formation of "a small, biparti-
san commission composed of House and Senate mem-
bers, and public-spirited citizens commanding the utmost
national respect and confidence" to make periodic sur-
veys of the organization, functions, policies and results
of government agencies handling foreign intelligence
operations, reporting both to the President and to the
Congress. The full Commission, however, had trouble
with the concept of such dual membership and report-
ing, proposing instead that the PFIAB not be required to
serve two masters. Rather, it should be the President's
alone, a kitchen cabinet on intelligence matters.
In February 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower
accepted the recommendation and issued an Executive
Order establishing the panel. He appointed a member-
ship of eight serving under the chairmanship of James
Killian, the president of MIT. PFIAB's charge then, and a
good description of its duties today, was:
"While the review of your group would be concerned
with all government foreign intellignece activities, I
would expect particular, detailed attention to be concen-
trated on the work of the CIA and of those intelligence
elements of key importance in other departments and
agencies. I am particularly anxious to obtain your views
as to the overall progress that is being made, the quality
of training and personnel, security, progress in research,
effectiveness of specific projects and of the handling of
funds and general competence in carrying out the
assigned intelligence task."
The Board was given, and has since maintained, a
small staff, presently four professionals and two secre-
taries. Over the years of its existence, the PFIAB has met
regularly every two months for several days, yet has
managed to stay out of the limelight.
The original charter authorized the DCI and other
agencies to make information available to the panel.
(Later President Kennedy would change the word
"'authorized" to "shall make," giving PFIAB an absolute
right of access to intelligence data.)
Under the Eisenhower Administration, PFIAB was
unusually productive and is credited with stimulating
and supporting overhead reconnaissance programs. The
U-2, the Mach-3 and the first successful satellite pro-
gram stemmed from the Board's deliberations.
President Kennedy was impatient with boards and
committees and did little about PFIAB. Later, after his
experience with Cuba, he reestablished PFIAB under
the chairmanship of Gen. Jimmy Doolittle. One of its
major achievements was to encourage DCI McCone to
establish a directorate of scientific and technical intelli-
gence at CIA to enhance and focus these important
programs.
President Lyndon Johnson retained the Board, appoint-
ing Clark Clifford as chairman. Clifford's relationship
with the President assured PFIAB direct access to the
President. It was during the Johnson years the Board
became involved in the organizational aspects of recon-
naissance activities, although perhaps far less equipped
and a good deal more naive than the panel had been in
focusing on the technological aspects.
President Nixon named ten people to the Board and
chose Gen. Maxwell Taylor as chairman. President Ford
retained the Nixon Board, with Admiral George Ander-
son serving as the initial chairman. After a year, Presi-
dent Ford expanded the panel to seventeen and appointed
Leo Cherne as chairman. President Ford added to the
PFIAB's focus:
"The intelligence needs of the seventies and beyond
require the use of highly sophisticated technology.
Furthermore, there are new areas of concern which
demand our attention. No longer does the country face
only military threats. New threats are presented in such
areas as economic reprisal and international terrorism.
The combined experience and expertise of the members
of the Board will be an invaluable resource as we seek
solutions to foreign intelligence problems of today, and
by giving the Board my full personal support, I fully
appreciate that the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
will continue its indispensible role in advising me on the
effectiveness of our foreign intelligence effort."
One of the most important accomplishments of PFIAB
during the Ford Administration had to do with address-
ing the divergence from reality of strategic estimates. It
was successful in urging DCI George Bush in establish-
ing competitive evaluation of data, the so-called A-Team/
B-Team exercise. Although awkward bureaucratically,
this PFIAB intervention broke the pattern of commit-
ment to the hopeful idea of detente preservation and set
the stage for restoring the nation's military preparedness.
Despite this significant achievement, the Board was
not reappointed by President Carter, who abolished
PFIAB a few months after his inauguration. For the first
time in twenty years, the President and the Intelligence
Community were without an independent advisory panel,
another symptom of the emasculation of the Intelligence
Community during that period. Only too late did Presi-
dent Carter learn that he lived in a dangerous world and
of the necessity to tune one's eyesight and hearing
capabilities.
President Reagan moved rapidly to strengthen the
Intelligence Community and reestablished PFIAB with a
membership of twenty-two under the chairmanship of
Anne Armstrong.
Register Early!
AFIO CONVENTION
October 4 -5, 1985
Crown Plaza Hotel
Rockville, Maryland
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
AFIO Chapter Activities
Arizona Chapter. The chapter held its April 1 3th
meeting at the Stardust Resort in Yuma, with a good
turnout of eighteen members and guests. "We were
privileged to have Lee Echols and Don Perry as guests,"
says Bob Nugent. "Lee's yarns and Don's tales are
always a treat."
It was proposed that members of neighboring chap-
ters, those in San Diego and Albuquerque, be invited to
future meetings. Chapter president Ed Bagley and Don
Perry will extend the invitations. The members also dis-
cussed facilities in Tucson and Phoenix which might be
used to host an AFIO convention.
The guest speaker was Joe Elliott, who discussed tel-
ephone taps and methods used in finding and combat-
ing them.
Plans were announced to hold the June 1st meeting
at Sierra Vista in conjunction with a briefing and tour of
the Intelligence School at Fort Huachuca.
San Francisco Bay Area Chapter. Despite inclement
weather, 21 members and guests attended the March
26th meeting at the new Pisa Restaurant. After dinner,
VP-programs Ed Rudka outlined the purpose of AFIO
and discussed membership growth. He then introduced
the guest speaker, Albert de Billwiller-Kiss, a political
science lecturer who served previously as an investiga-
tive journalist for West German publications.
Kiss excited controversy with his observations that
U.S. national interests are not always served by follow-
ing Israeli national interests. The pro-Israel lobby, he
said, enjoys undue influence in American domestic polit-
ics and in U.S. Mideast policy. He asserted that there is
no longer discussion in Congress whether Israel's aid
requests should be honored; rather, such aid is being
increased at a time U.S. pensioners are being asked to
take cuts in Social Security benefits. He predicted that
the media will pick up on this fact eventually and questi-
oned whether it might germinate a new anti-Semitism.
To illustrate that public perceptions change, Kiss cited
the defeat of Senator Charles Percy of Illinois, who had
blocked a bill for more money to Israel, as an example of
pro-Israel political interests. Kiss questioned whether
selected political action committees could eventually
carry enough influence to elect only those candidates of
their persuasion.
Regarding recent events in the Middle East, Kiss con-
tended that Americans were actually protected when
the PLO was in Beirut, but that now they are "fair
game." He declared that, with the PLO driven out of
Lebanon by Israeli forces, Jews there are left even more
vulnerable because of the Shi'ites. He added that sev-
eral PLO members were actually Jewish, citing as an
example their assassinated Ambassador to France. Sim-
ilarly, said the speaker, most of our intelligence came
from PLO sources. During the hostage crisis in Iran, he
said, the PLO offered to mediate. Kiss asserted that the
U.S. in the past was not able to talk directly to the PLO,
but that dialogue is now possible. He suggested that
both prime ministers Begin and Shamir had been "suc-
cessful terrorists."
With regard to future U.S. intelligence efforts, Kiss
claimed that deporting non-German Nazi -collaborators
at the behest of Jewish groups would result in injury to
our ability to gain credibility and cooperation among
other foreign nationals.
In the audience were Israeli Consul Yigal Casi and the
local director of the Association for a Free Israel, Anthony
Fish. Consul Caspi observed that Kiss had given the
""extreme view," hopefully for the purpose of stimulating
debate. The Consul stated that the United States was
the major benefactor of its own foreign aid to Israel. He
explained that of the $4.6 billion of aid last year, almost
$4 billion was spent for military hardware and other
commodities purchased in America. He also observed
that the USSR had given Egypt's Nasser "free" arms
and that U.S. aid to Egypt is never debated. He questi-
oned how much money the United States spends on
NATO in proportion to the payback per aid dollar received
from having Israel as our principal ally in the Middle
East.
The Consul pointed out that the U.S. had gained from
the improved technology which the Israelis have applied
to the F-15 after testing it in combat. Many American
pilots, he said, have been sent to Israel to learn tech-
niques which were successful against Russian MIG's
and SAM-6 missiles and launching pads in Syria. Our
two countries, he maintained, share democratic tradi-
tions and the mutual support brings mutual benefits.
Regarding the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, the Consul
said Israel did not ask for American permission or Amer-
ican help. Israel knew that the risk of losing American
lives there "would draw attention." Where the security
of Israel is concerned, he said, "We do not ask American
soldiers to defend us. We do it ourselves." He also said
that Israel's first interest is its own security, not global
strategy.
The Consul dismissed the earlier reference to Begin
and Shamir as terrorists; he preferred to compare them
to George Washington in the American war for inde-
pendence. He also defended the United States on one
point. He said that reports U.S. agencies may have aided
the infamous Dr. Mengele are incorrect. He said that to
associate Americans and Nazis is "out of the question."
When asked why expert Israeli services have not already
picked up Mengele, the Consul speculated that a deci-
sion may have been made at one time not to jeopardize
the Jewish population in Paraguay by ignoring that
country's sovereignty with a move against Mengele. In
commenting on Kiss' assertion that the PLO had been a
prime source of information for the United States, Con-
sul Caspi stated simply that he hoped America does not
have to depend on such information.
There were numerous comments and questions from
the audience to enliven the debate. President McCarthy
summarized that Soviet influence has not permitted the
Camp David accords to go forward and that we would
not like to think of the plight in the Middle East without
our strong ally there.
The chapter announced that its speaker at the next
meeting will be Semera Haile, Ph.D., an outstanding
scholar and leading authority on the African continent.
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
San Diego Chapter. Chapter member Maj. Keith
Young (USAF-Ret) addressed an audience of 68 at the
March 22nd luncheon. The topic was prisoners of war.
Young, who is fluent in German, French, Australian and
some lesser dialects, backed into intelligence during
WWII. He was in the Normandy invasion where, Young
said, he got his boots full of sand and his pants wet up to
the thighs. One of his intelligence assignments at the
time was interrogating enemy prisoners. It was then he
learned that none of them knew anything materially
significant; he was lucky if the POWs knew their own
commanding officer's name. Since physical abuse was
not only prohibited, but a mark of an amateur or sadist, it
was during this period he began to learn the psychology
of POWs.
Interestingly, he noted, of the two million missing
German military personnel, most of them in Russia, only
55,000 were repatriated. The balance, Young said, are
still in Russia and may be presumed dead. According to
the speaker, the Russians wanted the German POWs to
confess their "guilt," and levied that judgment on the
majority, including one cobbler Young was aware of
whose only crime had been repairing the boots of the
Schutzstaffel (SS).
During the Korean conflict, he said, of the 7,190 U.S.
prisoners, mostly Army, interrogation of the prisoners
evolved into indoctrination, but was a failure. The com-
munists won over 21 GIs, all of whom have since been
repatriated. On the other hand, 7,000 North Koreans
refused to return to their communist paradise.
Based on Young's work with POWs during the Viet-
nam war, he believes that of the 2,500 Americans taken
prisoner few gave away any military information of sig-
nificance. "Compliance" was the over-arching goal of
the communist interrogators (indoctrinators), he said,
and once there was compliance the communists felt
they could inculcate their views. They tried to convince
our prisoners, sometimes with physical violence, that
the Americans were pirates and criminals in an un-
declared war. They worked on the beliefs of the Ameri-
cans in an effort to destroy them, a process called
"unindoctrination."
Young voiced the view that there are no POWs
remaining in that status in Southeast Asia, and sug-
gested that some American pilots are being held as
"criminals" sentenced to years in prison. Others, he
said, include men who deserted and chose to stay. "We
had reports as early as 1965 from the Vietnamese
national police that American military personnel-mostly
Army who were reported missing in action were living
with families in Cholon, the Chinese suburb of Saigon,"
Young said. He added that recent reports of sightings of
caucasians might include American deserters, East
Europeans or even French. Of the 40,000 French troops
missing after Diem Bien Phu, for example, only 10,000
were ever accounted for.
Young went on to discuss the "fourth degree," black-
mail, informant-betrayals and similar topics in a fast-
paced, interesting and entertaining talk.
Friday evening, April 26th, 50 members and guests
heard retired Col. Earl P. Hopper (USA-Ret), special
assistant to Congressman Bill Hendon (N.C.), talk about
missing POWs in Laos and Vietnam. The presentation
offered a different perspective of the issue from that
offered by Keith Young at the previous meeting.
Col. Hopper served in the 101st Airborne in WWII, in
intelligence during the Korean conflict and as an advisor
to a South Vietnamese brigade during that war. His son,
Lt. Col. Earl Hopper, Jr., USAF, was shot down over
North Vietnam in 1968; his fate is unknown. The
speaker drew on his work with the National League of
Families, of which he served as chairman of the board.
Hopper said he is convinced there are many U.S.
POWs alive and imprisoned in Southeast Asia, and
claimed there is evidence to support it. He charged that
the official U.S. position is that no more men are alive
and there is no government strategy to get the remain-
ing POWs back. U.S. intelligence agencies have failed,
he said, accusing DIA investigators of insulting, intimi-
dating and threatening certain Vietnamese witnesses to
the point the witnesses will no longer talk. He blamed
the intelligence agencies for a lack of both desire and
efficiency, and laid much of the blame at President Car-
ter's feet, and on former DCI Stansfield Turner, for
emasculating the CIA. There is no HUMINT activity in
Vietnam and Laos, Hopper said, a charge verified by
such knowledgeable officials as Senator Barry Gold-
water.
A notable exception to the lethargy and disinterest,
Hopper commented, was former DIA Director LG Eugene
Tighe, who testified in 1982: "Evidence is clear there
are Americans being held against their will in Southeast
Asia." Hopper reviewed some of the evidence from per-
sons whom he said had passed two to five polygraph
examinations. Each said they saw live Americans in vil-
lages, working in fields, etc., acknowledging the possibil-
ity that some of these men possibly were deserters or
non-Americans. Hopper said he made several trips to
Vietnam and Laos on this project and offered to run
indigenous agents on POW search missions into Laos
and Vietnam for the CIA, as he had done on his own
several times to prove it could be done without any
complication. He received no response to his offers.
Hopper said he found it odd that in 1973, the CIA
documented 100 live POWs (of the 500 missing) in con-
firmed locations in Laos, yet only one American was
returned, along with 99 remains. A Frenchman he
interviewed saw two groups of the alleged Americans. A
Vietnamese mortician-defector who had helped process
426 American remains stated he saw five live Ameri-
cans. That source, Hopper said, passed five polygraph
interviews. The speaker went on to say that near Hanoi
a group of wounded and mentally impaired Americans
are being held, no doubt classified as criminals. As such,
in the Vietnamese culture they have no names, hence
they do not exist. He said he had visited a cave complex
once used for POW detention and was told by the Viet-
namese there that all prisoners and their guards had
died. He was shown a single bomb crater as evidence of
the statement.
Seven hundred refugees, the speaker noted, have
reported seeing American POWs. All were polygraphed
and 90% passed in regard to the validity of their informa-
tion. Hopper found it odd that no returned POWs suf-
fered from missing limbs, nor were there any serious
burn or mental cases.
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
Col. Hopper, during a long and vigorous delivery, said
that LG Tighe has called for a presidential commission
to investigate the issue and noted that a bill will be
introduced in the Congress soon for the purpose of
establishing a civilian review and investigative body. He
recommended that Ross Perot, chairman of the EDS
Corporation, who rescued his own employees from an
Iranian jail, be appointed to head the group.
Robert J. Caldwell, editorial writer for the San Diego
Union and a member of the paper's editorial board, was
the announced speaker for the chapter's May meeting.
Rocky Mountain Chapter. MG John Singlaub (USA-
Ret), president of the chapter endorsed the appointment
of Dixon Harris, former secretary-treasurer of the chap-
ter, to the office of vice president.
Replacing Harris, Charles D. Rockhill was introduced
to the membership at a brunch held at the Broadmoor
Hotel, Colorado Springs, in March.
Following the brunch, forty of the chapter members
participated in a tour of the North American Aerospace
Command (NORAD) complex.
Suncoast Chapter. A new format was tested at the
chapter's March meeting, held at the Adam's Mark
Caribbean Gulf Resort on Clearwater Beach. Instead of
a scheduled speaker, a round table discussion was held
with all attendees invited to participate. Unclassified top-
ics relevant to intelligence were encouraged, and to
facilitate the program a portable microphone was passed
around to each speaker and a time limit imposed. Roy
Klager served as official timekeeper and coordinator,
and when a topic began to lag, he introduced new lines
of discussion.
Dr. Parry, the chapter's in-house Soviet authority,
commented on the new Soviet regime, with a lively dis-
cussion of the true meaning of the Russian word "mir,"
often translated as "peace." He elaborated on the Soviet
meaning of the word and agreed with Col. Don Williams
who quoted Ambassador Paul Nitze as noting that
although we accept the word to mean internal domestic
order, external equilibrium and an absence of war, the
Russian word means something quite different: "As the
Soviets used the word in party statements and writings,
it meant a condition in the world in which socialism, the
first stage of communism, had triumphed worldwide,
class tensions had thus been removed, and the condi-
tions for true peace under Communist leadership had
come to pass."
Another discussion focused on the value, aims and
purpose of AFIO, with general agreement that the
organization's goal is to educate the public. The group
felt that members should spread information concerning
the proper role of intelligence and its goals. It was noted
that "Looking at the year ahead, and considering the fact
we are all articulate, it would be an excellent goal for
each of us to speak out on the issues." A comment was
made that AFIO members should be more active in con-
veying their views to their elected representatives.
Other topics explored during the discussion were the
problems of interservice rivalry, "is the public getting
one-sided views on the news," reasons for endorsing
the Strategic Defense Initiative, and the need for more
sophisticated courses in intelligence at the service
academies. In regard to the latter, it was pointed out that
advanced training in collection and evaluation would
assist the service academy graduate in making informed
decisions, rather than guessing, when involved in such
situations throughout his or her career.
The chapter held its last meeting of the season on
May 16th at the MacDill AFB Officers' Club, with fifty
members and guests in attendance. The guest speaker,
C.B. Eichelberger, USA, the Director Intelligence (J-2) of
the United States Central Command, discussed the
Soviet threat to Southeast Asia.
Raymond St. Germain was elected president, and Roy
A. Mager will serve as vice president. Brad Skeels con-
tinues as secretary-treasurer.
Stanley Sagan, MG. Richard X. Larkin, Mrs. Cynthia Valcovich and Joel Siskovic at a recent meeting of the Lone
Star Chapter.
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
Western Montana Chapter. The guest speaker at the
chapter's spring meeting, held April 5th, was Prof. Paul
Gordon Lauren, Ph.D., from the University of Montana,
Missoula. Prof. Lauren, who teaches classes on "prob-
lems of national security," "war and peace" and related
subjects, spoke on "intelligence interest on the Ameri-
can campuses." His report was very up-beat and inter-
esting, reflecting an extreme and intense interest in
intelligence among students. Prof. Lauren indicated that
he maintains close liaison with Dr. Ray Cline of the
Strategic Studies Institute at Georgetown University and
with the Consortium for the Study of Intelligence,
Washington.
Chapter elections were held and Dick Grant assumed
the presidency from veteran president Tom Nicholson.
Ever-faithful Norm Larum agreed to continue as tem-
porary secretary-treasurer. Tom Nicholson was pres-
ented with a plaque honoring his dedication, service and
loyalty to AFIO.
The chapter appeals for speakers, and promises the
chapter will gather "the flock" on short notice to hear
any intelligence officials or other knowledgeable people
who are to be in their area or passing through. They
promise first class lodging in the beautiful Bitter Root
Valley of western Montana.
New England
New England Chapter. A discussion of the media,
one of the thorniest problems confronting the intelli-
gence community, highlighted the April 13th appear-
ance of Mike J. Levin, Chief of Information Policy,
National Security Agency.
Levin stressed the urgency of developing greater pub-
lic understanding of the importance of the intelligence
function and the way it is conducted within the laws of
an open society. He credited AFIO with being in the
forefront of that information process and lauded its sup-
port of the nation's intelligence efforts.
He reviewed the three distinct missions of NSA-
signals intelligence, communications security and com-
puter security-and cited declassified examples from
WWII to demonstrate the importance of signals intelli-
gence to intelligence consumers and key decision
makers.
"We do not want to alert a target to the fact that its
communications are vulnerable and consequently lose
that source," the speaker noted. "When the target coun-
try is confident that its communications are secure, the
data we glean from these intercepts is generally true to
the intention of the target. He can, however, readily dis-
guise his signals. Messages can be super-enciphered . .
. non-communications signals can be altered or used in
patterns suggesting actions which are not actually
occurring. Worst of all, emitters can simply be turned
off."
"The too frequent exposure of information relating to
intelligence sources and methods, techniques, equip-
ment, deployments, overseas installations and special
capabilities poses a serious threat to national security,"
he said. "It is a threat that all Americans should be
concerned about. It is of particular concern to us at NSA
since we deal with one of the most fragile of intelligence
sources-signals intelligence."
Dick Grant presents Tom Nicholson with a plaque for
"dedication, loyalty and service to AFIO."
"While you members of AFIO understand," Levin
said, "most people have no idea what it is like to spend
months or years and much money to develop an intelli-
gence source or capability and then see someone
whether through treachery, political motives or even
good intentions-blow it to a newspaper or magazine. It
isn't just the loss of time and money or the heartache,
but the fact that the foreign policy makers, the military
planners and the field commanders won't have the vital
information that capability might have provided."
He cited a relatively recent case, involving a well-
known journalist known to boast of his sources of classi-
fied information. "Some years ago there was an officer
assigned to a high level national staff. He was a very
busy man and he didn't have time to read the TOP
SECRET compartmented daily report that was faithfully
delivered to his office each day. So he took them home
and in due course stored them in a large box. They were
too good to destroy. He may have considered that they
might be useful in writing his memoirs some day."
"One day the officer had a falling out with his wife. It
apparently got bitter and the wife, to get even with the
officer, took the box of reports and gave them to a local
newspaper. The newspaper people cringed, thought
they were too hot for them to handle, and gave them to
a certain columnist. Now, every once in a while, when
it's a slow day for gossip, the column's staffers will take
out a few of the reports and do a column. Then you
might see a column say, 'According to a SECRET report
my colleague so-and-so has seen . . .' or sometimes
even 'Acording to a TOP SECRET codeword report ...'
"I wish I had a happy ending to this story. I'd like to be
able to tell you that the officer is in a Federal penitentiary
and that the FBI went down and rescued the box of
reports and returned them to government control. Alas,
such is not the case. The officer went scot free and the
columnist still has the box of reports!"
"But I don't want to give the impression that leakers
and other violators of security regulations are never
caught. They are. Just recently, the grandson of the
famous historian Samuel Eliot Morison, who is em-
ployed at the Naval Intelligence Support Center, was
arrested and is being tried for providing Jane's Defense
Weekly with classified overhead photographs."
Levin noted that the identification and prosecution of
leakers has been a difficult problem in the past, but
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
PROUDLY PRESENTS
THE ELEVENTH
ANNUAL
NATIONAL CONVENTION
FRIDAY - SATURDAY
OCTOBER 4 & 5, 1985
4~$
CROWNE
PLAZA
1750 Rockville Pike
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Telephone: [phone]
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
AFIO ELEVENTH ANNUAL CONVENTION
1985 Convention Themes
This year's AFIO convention will feature two different themes. On the first day, Friday, October 4, the morning will concen-
trate on a subject of current importance and sometimes controversy, "Technological Transfer - Friday afternoon will be devoted to
another important subject, "Intelligence Oversight."
As in the past, Saturday morning, October 5, will be devoted to AFIO affairs, reports from the Chapters, etc. Following
Saturday's luncheon speaker, still to be selected, the afternoon will feature three panel speakers who will try to look into the future
and project developments in the different disciplines of intelligence. Saturday evening's banquet speaker has not yet been lined
up, but we are trying to get someone who will interest and stimulate our members.
Location
The Crowne Plaza is located on the Rockville Pike adjacent to the Twinbrook Metro Station of The Red line. This is about one
mile beyond the White Flint Shopping Mall. It would be closer for travelers to use either Dulles or National Airports. The highway
access from 1-270 is via Montrose East to Rockville Pike and then North'/: mile to the hotel. Parking is available free, on the inside
lower level for convention attendees.
Registration
Convention registration for each AFIO member will be $25.00 again this year All AFIO members must register in order to
attend any convention session(s) or any social function(s). AFIO Members who have registered may purchase social function
tickets in advance for guests. Early registration is encouraged. To prevent the disappointment of not being able to obtain tickets for
the social functions, since the sale of tickets is closed 48 hours prior to the function, please include your selection and payment for
social events with your Convention Registration form There will be a surcharge of $10.00 for convention registration received
after September 9, 1985
Hotel Registration
Each member planning to stay at The Crowne Plaza must make his or her own reservation directly with the hotel The hotel
will hold 100 rooms for AFIO members until September 15, 1985. Those making reservations after September 15 may find rooms
unavailable It is suggested that you use the enclosed hotel registration card to insure the $55 00 rate
Hospitality Suites
There are two suites available, one on the seventh floor and one on the eighth floor These two locations will afford attendees
and their guests an opportunity to socialize in a private atmosphere. We do ask that all members attending understand that the
donation bowl is an honor system, but necessary for the economics of the Convention The Hospitality suites will open on
Thursday afternoon, October 3rd for the enjoyment of those members who are arriving at the hotel at that time and to encourage
members in the Washington area to register early. Convention name tags must be worn to identify AFIO members. The suites will
be closed during all Convention sessions
Registration
The Registration desk will be maintained in the Montrose Room, entrance level. All attendees must pick up their Convention
package, which will include name tags, programs and tickets for social events. Since the Hotel requires a firm meal count 48
hours in advance, reservations for social events must be made prior to registration The Registration desk will be open on Thursday
afternoon and Friday morning.
Refund Policy
Convention registration fees cannot be refunded after September 18. Fees for social events cannot be refunded after
September 30 For hotel refunds and cancellations AFIO members must notify the hotel directly The Crowne Plaza Hotel (301 )
468-1100
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
Nominees for the AFIO Board of Directors
Enlisted United States Navy, April,
1942. Graduate, U.S. Naval Academy,
June, 1948. Principal intelligence officer
to the Commander Service Force Sixth
Fleet, Commander Naval Forces Phil-
ippines, Commander First Fleet, and
the President of the Naval War College.
Assistant Naval Attache, Port Said,
Egypt. Officer in Charge, Naval Field Operational Intelli-
gence Office. Deputy Commander, Naval Intelligence Com-
mand. Commandant, Defense Intelligence School. Retired
as Captain in 1979. Former President, National Military Intel-
ligence Association. Member, Board of Directors, NMIA and
the National Intelligence Study Center. He joined AFIO in
1979, is a former Vice President and has completed a term
as a member of AFIO Board of Directors.
Began intelligence service with
OSS as a U.S. Army Officer which he
continued uninterrupted until he retired
as a Deputy Director of the CIA in 1979
after 34 years of service. He has been a
Board member and Vice-President of
NMIA, and Chairman of the Board of
Governors of the Central Intelligence
Retirees Association. During the year 1981 he was Staff
Director of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.
Currently he is an Adjunct Professor at the Defense Intelli-
gence College and a Vice-President of Electronic Warfare
Associates, Inc. of Vienna, Virginia. He joined AFIO in 1979
and has served as President and Executive Director. He has
also completed a term as a member of the AFIO Board of
Directors.
Army Signals Intelligence officer
in WW II in Far East. 1946 civilian in
Army Security Agency to develop
COMSEC techniques. Transferred to
NSA 1952, was Chief, COMSEC Doc-
trine when sent to National War Col-
lege 1960. 1970-72 served as SUSLO in
London. Received NSA Meritorious and
He was commissioned an Ensign
in Naval Intelligence in 1941. He served
in various intelligence assignments at
home and abroad, afloat and ashore
for more than 31 years attaining the
rank of Captain. His assignments in-
cluded working with other U.S. and
Foreign intelligence organizations.
He retired in March 1973 after having been Chief, Long
Range Forecast Division, Defense Intelligence Agency. He
received two Legion of Merit awards. He frequently gives
presentations on the Soviet military threat and the need for a
strong U.S. Intelligence capability. Bob joined AFIO as a Life
member in 1977 and was President of the Florida Sun Coast
Chapter 1980-81 and also served as the AFIO Florida State
Chairman, 1981-82.
The bulk of his military career was
spent in Marine Corps aviation begin-
ning in Korea and later in Vietnam. He
was Chief of Naval Intelligence Allied
Forces Southern Europe, NATO. He
served on the Staff of the Chief of
Naval Operations and then in Marine
Corps Headquarters and when he
retired in 1982 as a Brigadier General, he was Director of
Intelligence, USMC.
He was the first Director of Intelligence and Special
Projects for the Armed Forces Communictions and Elec-
tronics Association (AFCEA) and in 1984 he became Direc-
tor of the HRB-Singer Inc Washington District Office. He
became a member of AFIO in 1983.
Joined Strategic Services Unit after
WW II Navy service. CIA (Plans/Opera-
tions Directorate) 1947-1975 including
overseas assignment, one as Chief of
Station and Chief, Counterintelligence
Operations of Cl Staff. Since retirement
has worked to better public under-
standing of intelligence, especially
among college students; testified before and submitted
papers to Congressional Committees; has spoken at the
University of Colorado and the University of New Mexico.
Wrote two papers on counterintelligence published by the
Consortium for the Study of Intelligence. Life member of
AFIO since 1981; member New Mexico AFIO Chapter.
Exceptional Service awards. Retired from NSA in 1981 as
Assistant Deputy Chief for COMSEC. Recently served as
Chairman, Washington D.C. Cherry Blossom Festival. He
joined AFIO in 1980 and assisted AFIO Advisory Council on
a number of studies.
BALLOT
VOTE FOR SEVEN CANDIDATES
Ballots with more than seven selections are invalid!
^ Richard W. Bates
^ Harry T. Hagaman
^ George S. Scatterday
^ John F. Blake
^ Newton S. Miler
^ Jack E. Thomas
^ Cecil C. Corry
^ Robert C. Roth
^ John H. Waller
^ Robert A. Dowd
^ Fred Rodell
^ Lloyd George Wiggins
Signature
Ballots must be postmarked no later than September 15. 1985 to he counted.
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
PLACE
STAMP
HERE
CROWNE
PLAZA
1750 Rockville Pike
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Attention: Reservation Manager
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
W CROWNE PLAZA
1750 Rockville Pike ? Rockville, Maryland 20852 ? [phone]
A.F.I.O. OCT. 4-OCT. 5, 1985 Rate $55.00
Please reserve room(s) for person(s).
Name
Organization/Firm
Address
City State Zip
Will arrive: day date year
Will depart: day date year
F] KING BED ^ 2 DOUBLE BEDS PLEASE NOTE: Check In time 3 p.m.
Check out time 12 noon
Reservations must be received 3 weeks prior to arrival to Insure availability.
Reservations received after that date will be accepted on a space available basis.
There is an extra charge for each additional person (except children under 12 with
parent). Number of additional adults
What time do you expect to arrive?
Rooms which are not guaranteed will be honored until 6 p.m. only. To guarantee
your room for late arrival after 6 p.m., enclose the first night's room plus tax (add
10%) as deposit, or credit card and sign below.
^ Diners Club ^ Carte Blanche ^ American Express
^ VISA ^ MasterCard
Exp. date
Signature
A guaranteed room will be held all night. You will be charged for one night unless
you cancel before 6 p.m. on your date of arrival. (Make sure to get a Cancellation
Number).
The Crowns Plaza Is in Rockville, Maryland, at the heart of Montgomery County. The hotel Is linked by a superhighway network to every point in the greater Washington,
D.C. area and Its suburbs.
Adjacent to the Twinbrook Office Center complex, the Crowns Plaza will soon be served by rapid transit Metro-rail with service to Capitol Hill, National Airport, most
major tourist attractions, government complexes, business and commercial areas.
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
AFIO
6723 Whittier Ave., Suite 303A
McLean, Va. 22101
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
Reprinted from the BOSTON GLOBE
9 June 1985
Charting a course for the CIA
SECRECY AND DEMOCRACY
The CIA in Transition
By Stansfield Turner. Houghton
Mifflin. 304 pp. $16.95.
By Lyman B. Kirkpatrick Jr.
Among those who have headed the
Central Intelligence Agency to date, Stans-
field Turner's name will survive as the
most controversial. His predecessors in-
clude. such luminaries as four-star Gen.
Walter Bedell Smith (Eisenhower's Chief
of Staff during World War II): Allen Welsh
Dulles. whose brother was then the secre-
tary of state: George Bush. now the vice
president of the United States. The incum-
bent, William Casey, was a prominent at-
torney and former head of major federal
agencies. Including all the directors who-
preceded. Turner. there were admirals,
generals, lawyers, businessmen, career in-
telligence officers and a government spe-
cialist.
When President Jimmy Carter appoint-
ed Admiral Turner to head the Central In-
telligence Agency, he was looking for a
tough man to take on a thankless job.
Turner, who is not shy about speaking
bluntly, demonstrated it on that occasion.
He told the president he would prefer to be
named the vice chief of naval operations
so that he could be appointed to
the top uniformed position in the
Navy the next year when the in-
cumbent chief of naval operations
would retire. The president said
he did not want him for that job.
but he did want him to head the
intelligence community. The intel-
ligence community, in addition to
CIA. includes the Defense Intelli-
gence Agency. the National Secu-
rity Agency, the Intelligence and
Research Office of the Department
of State and the intelligence staffs
of the military services.
Turner agreed. but obviously
may not have been fully aware of
the bureaucratic minefields and
torpedos into which he was sail-
ing. However, in the tradition of
the military, he had no worries
about being able to handle the job.
To say that he is supremely confi-
dent is an understatement. Now
he has written a commentary on
what he found at CIA and in the
other intelligence agencies. He
also lists 11 "Agenda Actions"
recommending what he believes
should be done to improve US in-
telligence.
Stansfield Turner possesses
impressive credentials for the job
he was called to fill: head of the
Central Intelligence Agency and
leader of.the so-called US intelli-
gence community - all those orga-
nizations engaged in finding out
what is going on in the rest of the
world. A native of Highland Park,
Ill., he attended Amherst College
for two years, graduated from the
Naval Academy in 1946. He was
selected as a Rhodes Scholar and
received a master's degree from
Oxford University for studies in
philosophy, politics and econom-
ics.
Turner's career in the Navy
was helped along by Adm. Elmo
Zumwalt, who became chief of na-
val operations in 1970. Zumwalt
first assigned Turner to command
an aircraft carrier task group in
the Mediterranean and then re-
called him to Washington to head
the Mavy's Office of Systems Anal-
ysis. Turner says Zumwalt
dubbed him "his resident S.O.B."
After a year in Washington, Turn-
er was assigned as president of
the Naval War College in Newport.
"I changed the curriculum from a
passive program, where students
were lectured to most of the time,
to one where they were actively in-
volved In serious reading, writing
and critical analysis of ideas. This
upset many students and some of
the faculty..." (At the time, Turn-
er was president of the Naval War
College. I was a professor at
Brown University in Providence. I
had lectured and given elective
courses at the Naval War College
for many years. Turner did indeed
change the War College!)
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
From the War College. the ad-
miral went to command the 2d
Fleet in the Atlantic. after which
he was promoted to four-star
rank. On Feb. 2. 1977, he was
summoned to see the president
and learned that his future was in
CIA.
The book he has written about
the CIA is worthy of being a re-
quired text in civics and govern-
ment classes of schools and col-
leges. If one can forgive the big "I"
and overlook the fact that he was
"not present at the creation" and
that other CIA directors took ac-
tions worthy of praise, it is well
worth reading.
The biggest problem with
Turner's book is that it is so self-
serving. One inevitably tires of the
big ' I." However, his accomplish-
ments far outweigh his arrogance.
If the reader takes a dose of tran-
quilizers, the book can assist in
an understanding of how the
United States tries to use its intel-
ligence agencies to discover and
analyze world problems.
The importance of the CIA
should not be underestimated.
That organization, its career
professionals and its directors, as
well as the policy makers of the
executive branch deserve the sup-
port (and prayers) of all Ameri-
cans. If they are correct, we all
benefit; if wrong, this nation and
perhaps the entire planet may suf-
fer.
The admiral concludes his
book with what he calls "The
Agenda for Action." He lists 11
recommended changes. One is to
convince the intelligence commu-
nity that good oversight is essen-
tial to effective intelligence. In my
20 years of US intelligence service,
I knew of only a very small minor-
ity who resisted inspection and re-
view. They may have been clever,
but they were not Wise and, in
more than one instance, were
"hoist with their own petard." It
seems obvious, but those who are
"overseers" cannot be the intelli-
gence collectors or analysts or it
would be a meaningless introspec-
tion.
He urges that analysis be im-
proved. There is nothing on this
planet that cannot be improved.
Turner suggests broadening
the analytic effort beyond current
events and Soviet military events.
CIA's activities are controlled by
what the president wants and
Congress will fund. CIA is con-
structing another giant building.
so additional effort obviously is
planned.
He would separate the role of
director of Central Intelligence
from that of head of the Central
Intelligence Agency. Stansfield
Turner held the two jobs, as does
William Casey today, as did for-
mer directors. The proposal is as
old as the US intelligence system.
The head of CIA can use the vast
facilities of the community in co-
ordinating the US intelligence ef-
fort. Separating the DCI's role
from that of head of CIA means
adding at least another several
hundred million to the cost of the
intelligence effort, and another or-
ganization is created.
The admiral would merge the
espionage and analytic branches
of CIA. This is impractical. The es-
pionage people are action-orient-
ed. The analysts are scholars.
Both branches are in the same
building. They can walk down the
hall to coordinate their work.
He would strengthen the DCI's
authority over the National Secu-
rity Agency. The DCI already has
authority to coordinate the effort
of all the intelligence agencies, in-
cluding NSA.
Turner would like to see more
effective precautions against leaks
of intelligence information. Amen!
Leaks in ships are plugged, or the
vessel is lost. Those who leak gov-
ernment secrets should be fired,
regardless of rank.
He suggests a charter for the
Intelligence community. The stat-
utes that authorize intelligence ac-
tivities and the annual authoriza-
tion and appropriations bills are
the charter. What more is needed?
And he would reduce the num-
ber of employees in covert action.
This is within the current DCI's
authority. Obviously, reductions
can be ordered by the president or
Congress.
Finally, Turner would "depoli-
ticize" the role of the DCI. Every
DCI has tried to stay clear of poli-
tics. It is not easy in the US gov-
ernment. The DCI and the CIA
and the US intelligence effort are
and certainly will continue to be
headline makers. This is grist for
newsmen and politicians and al-
ways will be.
Lyman B. Kirkpatrick Jr. has served
as assistant director, inspector general
and executive director-comptroller of the
CIA. He is University Professor Emeritus
and professor of political science emeri-
tus at Brown University.
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
AFIO Convention '85 - Tentative Program
Thursday 3 October
1600-1800 -- Convention Registration
1600-2400 - Hospitality Suite OPEN
CONVENTION REGISTRATION FORMS &
CHECKS MUST BE SENT TO:
AFIO 1985 CONVENTION
6723 WHITTIER AVENUE, SUITE 303A
McLEAN, VA 22101
Friday 4 October
0730-0830 Convention Registration
0845 Convention Opens
l Di
i
1130
P
00
CONVENTION REGISTRATION FORM
on
ane
scuss
-
--
09
1130-1230 - Cash Bar
1230-1345 Luncheon with Guest Speaker
1400-1630 -- Panel Discussion
Number
Function
Friday Luncheon
Unit Cost Total
$17.00 * --
1630-2400 - Hospitality Suite OPEN
Saturday Luncheon
$16.00"
Saturday 5 October
Saturday Banquet
$25.00"
0830-1000
- Chapter Presidents Report
Members Registration
1020-1130
- Address
Fee
$25.00
1130-1230
Cash Bar
After September 9th
$35.00
1230-1400
- Luncheon with Guest Speaker
1400-1630
Panel Discussion
1630-1830
- Hospitality Suite OPEN
1900-2000
Cash Bars
2000
Convention Banquet
2200-2400
- Hospitality Suite OPEN
Sunday 6 October
0800-1200 Hospitality Suite OPEN
Please print below your name and those of your guests
for the social functions as you want them to appear on
the Convention Name Tag. NAME TAGS must be worn
to gain access to any convention function including the
Hospitality Suite
CROWNE
PLAZA
1750 Rockville Pike
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Rates Single or Double Occupancy $55.00
NAME
NAME
NAME
SIGNATURE
AFIO MEMBERSHIP NUMBER
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
AFIO
LOOKS FORWARD
TO
SEEING YOU
IN
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
pointed to a recent judicial decision in the Morison case
that may make it easier to prosecute leakers. "A Federal
District Court judge in Baltimore has ruled that officials
who make unauthorized disclosures of military or intel-
ligence secrets can be prosecuted under laws barring
espionage and theft of government property. He found,
quite correctly, that disclosure of sensitive information
to a magazine can be just as damaging to the national
security as giving it to a foreign spy."
He noted the need to press for legislation criminaliz-
ing the unauthorized disclosure of intelligence informa-
tion, carefully worded to cover valid national security
considerations yet not infringing First Amendment rights.
Levin noted that Congressman Bob Stump, ranking
minority member of the House Permanent Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence, has introduced the "Omnibus
Intelligence and Security Improvement Act," which
includes provision making such unauthorized disclosure
by Federal employees a criminal offense.
"What we need," he said, "is a twofold attack," the
first of which is to sensitize people with classified
access to the fragility of intelligence sources and
methods. "At the same time, we need to tighten the
procedures for the review of releases and improve our
capability to identify leakers and investigate unautho-
rized disclosures."
Levin acknowledged opposition in some circles to
government efforts to address the problem through
non-disclosure agreements, expanded use of the poly-
graph to investigate leaks and prepublication review of
writings related to sensitive intelligence information. Of
the latter, he said: "It is not censorship. We don't want
to see political writings or dissent. We don't want to
squelch academic freedom. We think this is a reason-
able and prudent measure to protect sensitive govern-
ment information."
He urged that non-disclosure agreements be extended
beyond the intelligence collectors and producers. "I
believe it was President Kennedy who said 'The ship of
state leaks from the bridge.' He was right! It isn't the
intelligence producers who are leaking sensitive infor-
mation. It is generally the users of the intelligence who
may not be fully aware of the special sensitivity of the
information or who, for whatever motivation, think their
purpose in releasing information should take pre-
cedence."
It sums up, Levin said, as a question of responsibility.
The intelligence community must act responsibly
within the law, protecting only that information that
requires protection in the national interest; it must par-
ticipate fully in the Congressional oversight function.
"But, let's not mince words. We are not the only ones
who must act responsibly. The people have a right to
expect that all Americans will act responsibly, including
publishers, broadcasters and writers ... Those writers
who do not act responsibly, and particularly those who
may have sensitive national security related informa-
tion and do not have an appropriate authority check it
out before publication, should be roundly condemned
by all of us."
The NSA official concluded by observing that secrecy
and a democratic society are, indeed, compatible. "While
those in the media, historians and academicians have
their job to do and we in the intelligence community
have our job to do, in the final analysis we both have
the same constituency. The American people need us
both ... If we can develop mutual trust, if others act
responsibly and if we act responsibly, the government
can have the secrecy it needs and we can all have our
cherished First Amendment rights."
Lone Star Chapter. Eighteen members attended the
chapter's luncheon at the University Club, Joel Sis-
kovic, the chapter president, presiding. The guest
speaker was MG Richard X. Larkin (USA-Ret), imme-
diate past president of AFIO. Chapter members summed
up the talk: "He was great!"
NOTES FROM
HERE AND THERE
Col. Arlon (Pat) Pattakos, USA (Ret), has been
named executive director of the International Barome-
ter, (Suite 310, 1 120 Connecticut Avenue NW, Wash-
ington, D.C. 20036) which focuses on activist move-
ments and their role in promoting change in the business
environment world-wide. Pat indicates the newsletter
will assist readers in understanding more clearly activist
tactics and active measures directed at business and
free enterprise.
This year, three AFIO members will attend 50th class
reunion celebrations. Congratulations to Larry Houston
(Harvard), Walter Pforzheimer (Yale) and Richard Helms
(Williams).
We are pleased to report that Col. Rick Glasebrook,
USAF (Ret), after eight months at the Walter Reed
Medical Center for treatment of cancer in the lymph
system, has been declared in complete remission. He is
back at work assisting WWI ace Kenneth Lee Porter in
writing a definitive history of the 147th Aero Squadron's
contribution toward winning the Great War. Last year,
Rick and his wife Millie published American Aviators in
the Great War 1914-1918 (Glasebrook Foundation, Box
5592, Arlington, Va. 22205-0092, $15). He reports that
his latest search is for reporting regarding Lt. James
Frederick Ashenden of the 147th who crashed in Swit-
zerland in June 1918 and is believed to have been
paroled to the U.S. Attache there.
The National Intelligence Study Center Award for the
best book on the subject of intelligence by an American
author in 1984, was presented to Lt. Col. Thomas G.
Ferguson, USA, for his work British Military Intelligence,
1870-1914: The Development of a Modern Military
Intelligence Organization (Frederick, MD: University Pub-
lications, 1984). The Center's award for the best scho-
larly monograph dealing with intelligence by an
American author in 1984 went to Dr. Raymond L. Gar-
thoff for his Intelligence Assessment and Policy Making.
A Decision Point in the Kennedy Administration (Wash -
ington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1984). The Awards
Committee was chaired by AFIO member Walter L.
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
On the Intelligence Bookshelf ...
Current books of interest to intelligence buffs and
watchers of the world scene. All reviews are by AFIO
members except when otherwise noted.
Well-Crafted Study of KGB
Corson, William and Robert T Crowley, The New KGB Engine of
Soviet Power New York William Morrow, 1985, 560 pp S19.95.
"There is no evidence of relaxation of Soviet control to the
degree that uncoordinated operations can occur."
With that sentence and some additional 500 pages Corson and
Crowley establish certain facts and conclusions. The one above being
that those who doubt that the Bulgarian attempt to assassinate the
Pope was coordinated with Andropov and the KGB have never stud-
ied the strict code which founded the Cheka, and which still applies
with minor alteration today
Increasingly, practitioners of the art realize that the amount of
accurate data about espionage cases residing in the public prints
usually exceeds, once the case is known, that which reposes in clas-
sified files. The critical task is the accurate sorting of it.
The authors demonstrate their skill at this task with sharply
drawn accountings of numerous intriguing and sometimes little
known KGB operations, as a backdrop for defining the role of the
KGB And their contention is " the USSR no longer resembles any
previously known form. The party, supported by the KGB and the
armed forces, no longer retains its comforting primus inter partes
symmetry. The KGB now operates the USSR . . . The lessons of
Marshal Beria's fatal attempt at power have been fully absorbed by
the eaglets who now control the engine of Soviet power,"
This is it well-crafted book on a topic that is chronically porous
with half-truths, conjecture and anecdotal, often-misleading, history.
The authors' quite apparent hunger for archives, books, interviews
and literary investigation, coupled with their near religious attention
to keeping the facts as accurate as possible in this contentious world,
of who did what to whom, is a first heartening and then exciting.
The eight chapters and nine appendices combine into a telling
Insight about our current enemy's intelligence service and how it
nurtured itself from the original 23 in the VChK's first office to the
750,000 currently involved, including the KGB border troops.
Intelligence officers have commented that the most compelling
history, the one that is ever-present, is the history of counter-
espionage A dusty case of yesteryear so often casts its prints on
today's "affair "' This book does Justice to that adage
While Crowley and Corson project the KGB as the hand inside
the puppet that is the Soviet system, there is no Pygmalion effort here
to fashion a KGB statue of unreal size or to intrigue you with the hint
that they are faster into our pockets than we into theirs. This is an
accounting, rather arresting in its simplicity, of how the KGB gener-
ated certain specific cases then and now
Beginning with the execution-ridden early days of the organ (by
many estimates 20 million were liquidated in the first decade and a
half) the book sails smartly among the operational isles built by the
Cheka KGB, first in Moscow and then in the other major capitals of
the world during the past 68 years Each stop, whether a visit by the
British Security Service to the smouldering code room of the Soviet
trading mission in London, or an American businessman setting out
his Initial trading tent in the USSR with the full support of Felix
Dzerzhinsky (well-deserved hero of Soviet intelligence), or the arrest
of the first American enlisted by the United States to spy on the
Soviets (arrested, probably, because of his complicity with Reilly, Ace
of Spies) each scene shocks you with how strictly adherence to the
founding concepts of the VChK has been maintained by the KGB
Neither of these two authors is a popular name outside the corri-
dors of government power or the halls of the spy business But Crow-
ley, seldom heard of in the former, and Corson, a name only
occasionally recognized in CIA's Directorate of Operations, represent
a unique combination of experience, together they possibly are
among the top of the free world's authorities on their subject
The. book raises numerous questions for the readers As espion-
age moves into the 21st Century, our technology will undoubtedly
provide us wit Ii new skills for observing and transmitting intelligence
technology Will the intricate mind of the intelligence officer, at the
same time, discover new means of recruiting sources? One suspects
since motivations for spying are multiple--that a more effective, tell-
ing means of accumulating significant spies is beyond our grasp
A breakthrough, as the book suggests, may come in combining
ultra-tech collection with a more far-sighted facility for identifying
future intelligence requirements. As the KGB stretched out and
began pointing its boney collection finger at our industrial secret
more than two decades ago when we were striving to find new ways
of counting their non-existent ICBM's, so must we be glancing ahead
continually, e.g. where will intelligence on their defense against our
ballistic missile defense (SDI) come from?
This book differentiates itself from those that are recollections on
intelligence in high places. Its 68 pages of "Notes" by themselves are
not only a fine dessert, but ready evidence of the scholarship and
expert research that elevates this book to the top of any list of books
on the Soviet intelligence organ. It is important background for
anyone professing an interest in Soviet or anybody else's espionage.
[Frank F. Sommers served as a Soviet Operations Officer with the CIA
for thirty years.]
Intelligence Issues
Supreme Court Affirms
Sources-Methods Protection
The United States Supreme Court, in a decision rendered April 6,
1985, has reaffirmed the mandate for protection of sources and
methods contained in the National Security Act of 1947.
In deciding the case of Central Intelligence et al. v. Sims et al., the
High Court held that "the plain meaning of ?102(d)(3)'s language, as
well as the National Security Act's legislative history, indicates that
Congress vested in the Director of Central Intelligence broad authority
to protect all sources of intelligence information from disclosure. To
narrow this authority by limiting the definition of 'intelligence sources'
to sources to which the CIA had to guarantee confidentiality in order to
obtain the information, not only contravenes Congress' express inten-
tion but also overlooks the practical necessities of modern intelligence
gathering."
In addressing adverse lower court actions, the Supreme Court noted
that external researchers are protected "intelligence researchers"
within the meaning of the National Security Act of 1947, "because
they provided, or were engaged to provide, information that the CIA
needed to fulfill its statutory obligation with respect to foreign intelli-
gence To force the CIA to disclose a source whenever a court deter-
mines, after the fact, that the CIA could have obtained the kind of
information supplied without promising confidentiality, could have a
devastating impact on the CIA's ability to carry out its statutory
mission.""
The Court noted that 'To keep informed of other nations' activities
bearing on our national security the Agency must rely on a host of
sources. At the same time the Director must have the authority to
shield those Agency activities and sources from any disclosures that
would unnecessarily compromise the Agency's efforts . The reasons
are too obvious to call for enlarged discussion, without such protec-
tions the Agency would be virtually impotent If potentially valuable
intelligence sources come to think that the Agency will be unable to
maintain the confidentiality of its relationship with them, many could
well refuse to supply information to the Agency in the first place."
The Supreme Court noted that Allen Dulles had shattered the myth
of the classic "secret agent" as the typical intelligence source, when
he explained that "American businessmen and American professors
and Americans of all types and descriptions who travel around the
world are one of the greatest repositories of intelligence we have
Thus, when the Congress protected "'intelligence sources" from dis-
closure it was not simply protecting sources of secret intelligence
information "Congress was well aware that secret agents as depicted
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
The following list of new members since the last issue is incomplete in that it
does not include those who requested that their names be kept restricted.
Mr. Samuel A. ADAMS
Rt. 2, Box 771
Purcellville, VA 22132
Mr. Paul G. BILHUBER
9 Morse Drive, Box 364
Maplewood, NJ 07040
Mr. Robert T. BRANDNER
Asst Chief, PSD II
DISCO, PO Box 2499
Columbus, OH 43216
Mr. James D. CALDER
116 Azalea Trail
Boerne, TX 78006
Mr. John Michael CARBONE
32 Pleasant View Drive
North Haledon, NJ 07508
Mr. Billy R. CARLILE
8215 Labbe Lane
Vienna, VA 22180
MAJ Theodore F. CROSBY Jr. USA(Ret.)
7101 Mintwood Ct.
Tampa, FL 33615
Mr. Robert K. CUNNINGHAM Sr.
7829 Greeley Boulevard
Springfield, VA 22152
Mr. Lawrence J. DEMPSEY
P. O. Box 4446
Falls Church, VA 22044
Mrs. Ruth S. DOWD
701 Old Compass Road
Longboat Key, FL 33548
CAPT James M. DUNLOP USN(Ret)
7328 Wickford Drive
Alexandria, VA 22310
Mr. Glenn A. ECKFELD
4420 Ranchwood Spur
Akron, OH 44313
Ms. Ruth T. ELLIFF
2001 North Adams, #920
Arlington, VA 22201
Mr. Robert E. ENKELMANN
10133 Concord School Road
St. Louis, MO 63128
Brig Gen Fraser P. FORDE
62 Lawson Street
Hempstead, NY 11550
Dr. William J. FRANK
6904 La Costa Drive NE
Albuquerque, NM 87111
Mr. Alan S. FURST
15006 Komedal Road
Brainbridge Island, WA 98110
Mr. Ronald D. HALL
746 Cordell Way
Herndon, VA 22070
Mr. Grant G. HINTZE
15726 El Estado Drive, #242
Dallas, TX 75248
Mr. Jerry E. HUDSON
9416 D Lexington Cir.
Charlotte, NC 28213
LtCol Michael C. JACOBS USAF(Ret.)
Box 83
Jericho, VT 05465
Mr. William F. JOHNSON
P. O. Box 4417
Alexandria, VA 22303
LTC Herbert A. JORDAN Jr.
469 Capri Road
Cocoa Beach, FL 32931
Mr. John A. KAY
216 Spring Drive
Rio Rancho, NM 87124
Mr. Reginald C. KICKLIGHTER
2020 F Street, NW, #919
Washington, DC 20006
CAPT Robert G. KNOWLES Jr.
1523 Colony E. Circle
Stone Mountain, GA 30083
Mr. John W. KOLESZAR
6 Copperfield Road
Scotch Plains, NJ 07076
Mr. Peter G. KULZER
P. O. Box 4926
Woodland Park, CO 80863
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
 Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1
DCI Cites Sandinista Threat
To Central American Stability
In a recent New York speech billed in the press as
the most comprehensive argument for U.S. assistance
to the Nicaraguan resistance yet put forward by the
Reagan Administration," DCI William J. Casey warned:
"The Soviet Union and Cuba have established and are
consolidating a beachhead on the American continent,
are putting hundreds of millions of dollars worth of mil-
itary equipment into it, and have begun to use it as a
launching pad to carry their style of aggressive subver-
sion into the rest of Central America and elsewhere in
Latin America."
He warned that "Today, we see Nicaragua becoming
to Central and Latin America what Beirut was to the
Middle East for almost 15 years since 1970 when
Lebanon became the focal point for international and
regional terrorists."
Intelligence analysts, he said, have studied the blue-
print used by seven totalitarian regimes in seizing and
consolidating power. "They have identified 46 indicators
of the consolidation of power by a Marxist-Leninist
regime ... Of the 46 indicators, Nicaragua in five and
one-half years has accomplished 33."
The DCI recalled the 1984 report of the Bipartisan
Commission on Central America which warned that a
communist Central America would likely be followed
by the destabilization of Mexico. "Today," said Casey,
"the Cuban and Nicaraguan military forces are together
four times the size of Mexico's and are equipped with
vastly superior weapons. Today, with armed forces
larger and better equipped than the rest of Central
America put together, Nicaragua could walk through
Costa Rica, which has no army, to Panama, and Cuba
can threaten our vital sea lanes in the Caribbean."
Casey recognized the insurgent movement in Nicara-
gua as the major obstacle to Sandinista consolidation,
noting that the force encourages the erosion of active
support for the Sandinistas by creating uncertainties
about the future of the regime; by challenging its claims
to political legitimacy; and by giving hope to the leaders
of the political opposition.
The "Contra" opposition, the DCI said, can increase
the pressure until the Sandinista support has eroded
sufficiently to leave them no option other than modifica-
tion of their rejection of internal reconciliation. "The
objective is to allow for the same process of democrati-
zation that is taking place in the rest of Central America
to occur in Nicaragua."
He reminded the audience that the Soviet Union's
subversive war is neither localized nor bloodless. "Marx-
ist-Leninist policies and tactics have unleashed the four
horses of the Apocalypse-Fa mine, Pestilence, War and
Death. Throughout the Third World we see famine in
Africa, pestilence through chemical and biological agents
in Afghanistan and Indochina, war on three continents
and death everywhere. Even as I speak, some 300,000
Soviet, Vietnamese and Cuban troops are carrying out
savage military operations directed at wiping out
national resistance in Afghanistan, Kampuchea, Ethio-
pia and several other countries." Casey describes these
actions as a holocaust, comparable to that which Nazi
President's Desk (from page sixteen)
document that would change world history: the Declara-
tion of Independence. He also wrote the statute of Virgi-
nia for religious freedom and is known as the father of
the University of Virginia. He was talented in music,
architecture, law, medicine, engineei ing, astronomy,
horticulture, mathematics and literature. And he has an
understanding of the necessity for good intelligence as
indicated in the following letter:
Dear Fleming:
Yours of the 22nd June ... this and your former contain interesting
intelligence.
Our affairs in Canada go still retrograde, but I hope they are now
nearly at their worst. The fatal source of these misfortunes have been
the want of hard money with which to procure provisions, the ravages
of the small pox with which one half of our army is still down, and an
unlucky choice of some officers ...
Burgoyne pursuing Gen. Sullivan with double or triple his
numbers. Gen. Schuyler has sent him orders to retire to Crown Point
opinion of all General officers that an effectual stand may be
made & the enemy not only prevented access to New York but by
preserving a superiority on all the lakes we may renew our attacks on
them
- Conspiracy at New York is not yet thoroughly developed, one of
the General's lifeguard convicted and was to be shot last Saturday
- Gen. Howe arrived at the Hook and said to have landed some
horse on the Jersey Shore
the famous Maj. Rogers in custody on suspicion being in the
conspiracy."
Of all the presidents who have had an instructive
appreciation of the necessity for intelligence none can
equal Abraham Lincoln. Perhaps it should be added that
fortunately for this nation only he as president had to
live in the cauldron of a War Between the States. As the
bitter struggle progressed the president, by necessity,
had to assume the role of Commander-in-Chief in every
aspect, becoming better informed on the Confederate
forces than any other officer of the Union.
Herndon said of Lincoln he was one whom "God
rolled through his fiery furnace."
Years later Edwin Markham at the dedication of the
Lincoln Memorial in 1922 said:
"The color of the ground was in him, the red earth
The smack and tang of elemental things.
Sprang from the West,
He drank the valorous youth of a new world
The strength of virgin forests braced his mind,
The hush of spacious prairies still his soul.
His words were oaks in acorns,
And his thoughts
Were roots that firmly gripped the granite truth."
Germany inflicted in Europe forty years ago.
The DCI made it clear that the subversive war is not
limited to bloodshed and terror. "A worldwide propa-
ganda campaign has been mounted and carried out on
behalf of the Sandinista guerrillas which would not have
been possible without the capabilities, the contacts and
the communications channels provided by the Soviet
bloc and Cuba. The Sandinistas themselves have shown
remarkable ingenuity and skill in projecting disinforma-
tion into the United States itself. Perhaps the best
example of this is the systematic campaign to deceive
well intentioned members of the western media and of
western religious institutions."
Approved For Release 2010/09/08: CIA-RDP90-00806R000100140013-1