BEST JOB FOR THE FUTURE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 111
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 22, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 25, 1988
• Content Type: MISC

Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 ')nt, and Earnings
N-LABOR FORCE STATUS, BY PRESENCE AND
end over, thereafter 16 years old and over. Based on Current
an 1 and Appendix III
18
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
39.0
49.2
61.7
63.2
63.8
65.4
67.8
68.4
70.6
Mar-
ried'
Sepa-
rated
(NA)
.4
.6
.7
.6
.7
.7
.6
.7
(NA)
60.6
66.3
68.4
68.7
70.1
70.9
70.6
72.6
(NA)
.4
.6
.6
.5
.6
.6
.5
.6
(NA)
5.9
10.6
14.6
20.0
13.1
14.6
11.7
14.8
Di-
vorced
(NA)
.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
19
2.0
2.0
2.0
(NA)
82.4
82.3
83.6
82.2
84.1
83.4
84.7
84.5
(NA)
.5
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.9
(NA)
6.5
6.7
9.2
12.8
9.7
9.0
8.2
6.1
Mar-
ried'
18.6
30.3
45.1
48.7
49.9
51.8
53.4
53.8
56.8
7.8
7.9
8.3
10.1
10.9
8.9
8.0
7.6
5.9
Sepa-
rated
(NA)
.3
.4
.5
.5
.4
.4
.5
.4
(NA)
45.4
52.2
55.2
53.8
53.9
53.2
57.4
55.1
(NA)
.3
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
(NA)
13.3
12.3
20.1
27.6
25.0
22.9
16.5
15.7
xh specific category in the labor force.
,Nos,
Nos. 13, 130, and 134, Bulletin 2163, and unpublished
HUSBAND PRESENT, BY AGE OF OWN
TO 1987
i Based on Current Population Survey; see text, section
1975
43.7
43.5
43.9
35.0
30.9
9.2
Y5.1
0.3
9.0
8.7
3.8
3.8
I 3.6
1980 1985 1987
4
53.4
45.9.53 47.5
53.2 60.0
43.5
40.0
37.7
46.1
49.4
48.4
49.8
50.4
61.4
60.6
52.3
49.8
48.6
52.7
56.6
52.7
58.4
59.9
67.7
66.3
54.9
47.9
62.8
55.5
53.1
51.2
57.7
59.3
57.5
60.8
60.1
69.6
70.0
54.3
47.7
58.8
56.4
52.2
50.0
56.4
61.7
62.7
64.9
56.3
64.9
51.0
59.3
51.2
65.6
63.4
57.7
52.9
71.0
72.3
73.4
66.4
77.8
71.8
58.4
64.2
56.1
71.5
69.3
65.7
63.7
69.9
73.8
72.3
70.6
79.1
73.5
74.1
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
(NA)
.2
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.3
(NA)
5.2
13.6
13.5
16.8
14.3
12.1
12.9
13.8
65.6
53.2
76.1
74.2
71.3
70.3
73.8
77.9
76.4
75.0
82.9
80.7
71.0
(NA)
.3
.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
.7
.7
(NA)
63.3
68.3
67.2
68.7
67.7
67'5
73.8
.5
Medical assistants FASTEST GROWING Hone health aide lth aide .........
s ............ ...................................................
rogram aneA'. EDP ..........................................................
Computer systems bclan d tic ex clerical ....
Legal assistants=
Dermal assistantsa....d ...................................................................................
Guards ..........................
.............................................................................
t~ sneers ..................... ..................................
Restaurant Cookserators. except Peripheral equipment. ..............................
Dining room, Cafeteria atterdants,berroorn het .............................
pars ............................
FASTEST DECLINING
Job Growth and Decline
No. 626. CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT IN OCCUPATIONS WITH THE LARGEST JOB GROWTH AND IN THE
FASTEST GROWING AND FASTEST DECLINING OCCUPATIONS: 1986 AND 2000
pr. tlrou. except percent For and unpaid family based on n9 the 1983 thro more ugh 1985 1986. Includes wage ea nd salary jobs, self-
VVloyed SW source for odologrcal assumptions. Minus sign (-) denotes decease) Occupational Employment Statistics surveys.
3,579
1,702
1,406
2,676
2.383
2,165
2,211
2,361
1,500
1,224
3,234
794
945
479
949
1,527
682
331
520
631
767
1.039
1,087
956
433
401
527
591
1,010
396
638
509
1.128
313
313
263
365
132
323
170
132
138
331
479
115
170
155
794
401
263
520
433
249
426
178
1,182
219
940
400
1,002
633
126
400
119
105
.265
123
810
156
705
315
820
526
101
334
102
4,563
2,360
1,951
3,144
2.820
2,616
2,599
2,688
1,879
1,584
3,470
1,104
1,251
758
1,227
1,778
913
544
727
835
964
1,205
1,255
1,106
607
544
676
748
1,134
530
747
628
1,246
428
422
364
468
239
402
258
239
236
544
758
183
258
231
1,104
544
364
727
607
Moder-
ate
4,780
2,454
2,018
3,280
2,965
2,740
2,736
2,824
1,949
1.658
3,658
1,177
1,322
813
1,273
1,826
964
582
759
869
1,005
1,270
1,312
1,161
631
592
718
775
1,192
553
792
663
1,280
459
451
387
485
251
427
272
251
249
582
813
190
272
244
1,177
592
387
759
631
116
283
128
850
164
750
334
862
541
112
362
108
4,871
2,503
2,077
3,382
3,052
2,798
2,811
2,916
1,985
1,691
3,789
1,241
1,371
850
1,300
1,883
997
607
778
891
1,033
1,314
1,333
1,200
644
616
748
788
1,252
566
824
685
1,320
473
468
403
500
258
444
282
258
258
607
850
196
282
250
1,241
616
403
778
644
119
296
133
871
175
779
347
892
567
115
367
115
-58
-38
-31
-31
28
-25
-21
-18
-17
20
-16
-15
Mod-
erate
-54
-34
-28
-28
-25
-20
-16
-14
-14
-12
-10
-9
Total ? ......................
...........................................................................
LARGEST J013 GROWTH a
Salespersons. retail ................................................................................. .
wows and waitresses .......................................................
Registered nurses .....................................................................................
A tors and cleaners'............
General managers and executives..................................................................
. top ..................................................
Cashiers ............................. ..................................................................
Truk dffvars, light and heavy ..................................................................
General office clerks .....................................................................
Food counter, fountain, end related workers .....
..................................
.......
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ...............................................
secretaries ..................................................................................................
Guards ................................................................................
Accountants and auditors .......................................... . . . ..........................................
...........
ar prabon wo rs ............................................................................
/reparelgn workers ....................................
Teacflers, an and elementary . .....................................
................
... ........... . ........... . ...
Reoepborrsls and information clerks ................. ...................................
Computer systems analysts, EDP ...........................................................
Cooks. restaurant .......................................................................................
Licensed practical nurses ...........................
Gardeners ..............................................
. and groundskeepers, except farm ................. ......................
Maintenance repanersers, general rsi utility .................................................
Stock clerks, sales flow ............................
First ins sr4ervlsors and manager ......... ...
..............................................
Dining room, cafeteria attendants, barroom helpers ............................
Electrical and electronics 1x16;nleers .......................................................
Lawyers ...................................................................................................
CCoks, sfarl order and fast food ............................................................
Carpenters ..................................................................................................
B
artenders ..................................................................................................
Financial managers
Food service and lodging managers .......................................................
Teachers, secondary schools .....................
Electrical and electronic. technic . . ans . , lechno1 .. .............................
Real estate sales gists
agents .................................. o................................................
Sod....
cial w Computer operators exc. Peripheral equipment ...................................
Medical assistants .. , .........................
.......................................................... Marketing. advertising. .............................................................................
p1~, ..rela tions mana9er managers ...................................
Legal assistants, tech.. exc. clerical .......................................................
E
Industrial lectrical and electronic assemblers .................................
.
truck and tractor operators .................... Stenographers ......................................................
.........................................
Farmers .......................... ...................................................
.................... .
drswaut and winding maclnine operators a ...............................
Farm workers .................
............. ....................................................
Date entry kwyers, except Composers ers ....................................................
Typists and word prooessors -
Sewing machne operators, .."-
Weldrg machine setters, operators, tenders ~nmes, ter.................................................
, .........
Child care workers, ........................................
TV Private house
hold ...................................................
and cable TV kxrnrn- e,.w
Based on low. moderate, or high trend assn s
absolute employment change 1986 to 2000. 4 I gin rnaidta
'pationns, not shown separately.
and housek
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mon ms. Includes tenders.
~Y Labor Review, September 1987.
uS, 1900
1 375
-52
-31
-26
-26
-20
-17
-13
-11
-10
-9
-8
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
376 Labor Force, Employment, and Earnings
No. 627. EMPLOYED PERSONS, BY SEX, RACE, AND OCCUPATION: 1986
[For civilian noninstRUtionaf population 16 years old and over. Annual average of monthly figures. Based on Current
Population Survey; see text, section 1 and Appendix Ill. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race]
Managerial and professional specialty ........................................................................... 26,554
Executiv, administrative, and managerial I ................................................................... 12,642
Officials and administrators, public .............................................................................. 467
Financial managers ........................................................................................................ 409
Personnel and labor relations managers .................................................................... 114
Purchasing managers .................................................................................................... 100
Managers, marketing, advertising and public relations ............................................. 440
Administrators, education and related fields .............................................................. 500
Managers, medicine and health ................................................................................... 127
Managers, properties and real estate ......................................................................... 362
Management-related occupations ................................................................................ 3,449
Accountants and auditors ......................................................................................... 1.257
Professional specialty' ..................................................................................................... 13,911
Architects ........................................................................................................................ 132
Engineers ' ...................................................................................................................... 1,749
Electrical and electronic ............................................................................................ 550
Mechanical .................................................................................................................. 287
Mathematical and computer scientists ........................................................................ 631
Computer systems analysts, scientists ................................................................... 385
Natural scientists ............................................................................................................ 384
Health diagnosing occupations' .................................................................................. 728
Physicians .................................................................................................................... 489
Dentists ........................................................................................................................ 132
Health assessment and treating occupations' .......................................................... 2,026
Registered nurses ...................................................................................................... 1,488
Therapists .................................................................................................................... 257
Teachers, college and university ................................................................................. 639
Teachers, except college and university' .................................................................. 3,559
Prekindergarten and kindergarten ............................................................................ 359
Elementary school ...................................................................................................... 1,340
Secondary school ....................................................................................................... 1,195
Counselors, educational and vocational ..................................................................... 173
Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................................................................. 212
Librarians ..................................................................................................................... 194
Social scientists and urban planners .......................................................................... 312
Psychologists .............................................................................................................. 165
Social, recreation, and religious workers .................................................................... 911
Social workers ............................................................................................................ 480
Lawyers and judges ....................................................................................................... 650
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes .................................................................. 1,781
Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................................................... 34,354
Technicians and related support .................................................................................:... 3,364
Health technologists and technicians .......................................................................... 1,124
Licensed practical nurses ......................................................................................... 417
Engineering and related technologists and technicians ........................................... 937
Electrical and electronic technicians... .................................................................... 328
Science technicians ....................................................................................................... 208
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science ............................................ 1,095
Computer programmers ............................................................................................. 549
Sales occupations .............................................................................................................. 13,245
Supervisors and proprietors .......................................................................................... 3,493
Sales representatives, finance and business services' ........................................... 2,255
Insurance sales .......................................................................................................... 562
Real estate sales ....................................................................................................... 737
Securities and financial services sales .................................................................... 283
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................... 1,505
Sales workers, retail and personal services ............ ................................................. : 5,927
Cashiers ....................................................................................................................... 2.310
Sales-related occupations ............................................................................................. 65
Administrative support, including clerical ........................................................................ 17,745
Supervisors ..................................................................................................................... 727
Computer equipment operators.. .................................................................................. 859
Computer operators ................................................................................................... 853
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists' ................................................................... 4,940
Secretaries .................................................................................................................. 4.023
Typists .......................................................................................................................... 870
Information clerks ........................................................................................................... 1,326
Receptionists .............................................................................................................. 724
Records processing occupations, except financial ................................................... 845
File clerks .................................................................................................................... 311
Financial records processing ........................................................................................ 2.473
Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks ....................................................... 2,007
43.4
36.8
42.0
38.4
48.8
29.4
24.9
47.7
62.2
44.2
46.3
44.9
49.4
9.7
6.0
6.9
3.5
36.2
34.4
22.5
15.0
17.6
4.4
85.3
94.3
74.2
36.0
73.4
98.3
85.2
54.9
53.9
82.9
85.9
46.0
52.5
46.9
65.0
18.1
45.0
64.7
47.0
84.1
97.5
17.7
12.6
27.9
37.6
34.0
48.2
30.5
41.5
28.7
50.6
24.5
18.3
68.6
82.9
64.6
80.4
59.3
68.5
68.6
98.2
99.0
95.2
89.7
97.1
81.4
84.5
90.8
91.8
6.0
5.2
8.4
3.0
5.5
4.1
2.5
8.9
8.1
5.2
6.7
5.6
6.7
3.2
3.7
4.2
3.6
7.2
6.6
2.5
3.3
3.3
5.5
7.0
6.7
7.8
4.0
9.5
13.9
10.8
7.8
12.9
7.4
7.5
5.5
6.8
12.5
17.8
3.0
5.2
8.5
8.2
12.4
17.2
6.3
7.0
7.0
5.8
5.9
5.7
4.0
3.9
5.8
2.1
3.1
2.2
8.2
12.3
4.6
10.7
10.8
14.0
14.0
8.5
6.9
16.3
8.4
7.4
14.4
17.6
5.4
4.1
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
2.8
3.1
5.3
7.3
1.9
4.0
pre,
63 M
4.0
3.7
2.9
5.3
4.5
4.2 G
3.1
2.2
E
4.9 P.
4.4
3.4 ops
3.9
3.3
2.6
3.4
6.1
6.8
2.4 To
6.7 Fars
6.7 F
7.0
9.6
4.1 F-
3.8 F
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
AND OCCUPATION: 1986
I average of monthly figures. Based on Current
Hof Hispanic origin maybe of any race]
Total
employed
(1,000)
26,554
43.4
12.642
36.8
467
42.0
409
38.4
114
48.8
100
29.4
440
24.9
500
47.7
127
62.2
362
44.2
3,449
46.3
1,257
44.9
13,911
49.4
132
9.7
1,749
6.0
550
6.9
287
3.5
631
36.2
385
34.4
384
22.5
728
15.0
489
17.6
132
4.4
2,026
85.3
1,488
94.3
257
74.2
639
36.0
4.0
3,559
73.4
9.5
359
98.3
13.9
1,340
85.2
10.8
1,195
54.9
7.8
173
53.9
12.9
212
82.9
7.4
194
85.9
7.5
312
46.0
5.5
165
52.5
6.8
911
46.9
12.5
480
65.0
17.8
650
18.1
3.0
1,781
45.0
5.2
34,354
64.7
8.5
3,364
47.0
8.2
1,124
84.1
12.4
417
97.5
17.2
937
17.7
6.3
328
12.6
7.0
208
27.9
7.0
1.095
37.6
5.8
549
34.0
5.9
13,245
48.2
5.7
3,493
30.5
4.0
2,255
41.5
3.9
562
28.7
5.8
737
50.6
2.1
283
24.5
3.1
1,505
18.3
2.2
5,927
68.6
8.2
2,310
82.9
12.3
65
64.6
4.6
17,745
80.4
10.7
727
59.3
10.8
859
68.5
14.0
853
68.6
14.0
4,940
98.2
8.5
4,023
99.0
6.9
870
95.2
16.3
1,326
89.7
8.4
724
97.1
7.4
845
81.4
14.4
311
84.5
17.6
2,473
90.8
5.4
2,007
91.8
4.1
Employed Persons 611
No. 627. EMPLOYED PERSONS, BY SEX, RACE, AND OCCUPATION: 1986-Continued
(See headnote, page 3761
Technical, sales, and administrative support--Con.
Administrative support, including clerical--Con
Duplicating, mail and other office machine operators ..............................................
Communications equipment operators
........................................................................
Telephone operators.......................... .
Mail and ..... ................................................................
Postal clerks, email orieupations ...........................................
except carriers ................. .....................
Material recording, scheduling, ..........................................................
and distributin
Adjusters and g darks .............................................
investigators .........................................
Miscellaneous administrative support 1.......... ..................................................
General office clerks ................................. .............................................................
Bank tellers ................................................................
Data entry y k eyers ers .....................................:. .
.................. ................................................................
Teachers aides .....................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
Service occupations .................................
Private household . .......... .................. ................................................................
........... ............................................
Child care workers ......................................
Cleaners and servants ..................................................................................................
Protective service ...............
aefie nd and fire ........................................................................................
a prevention ....................................................................................
...... .........................................................................................
Police a.... detectives
Service except private household ........
Guards ............................ n d- .......... .................................
protective .........................................................
Food Preparation and service ocacupations ' .............................................................
Bartenders ...................................................................................................................
Wafters and waitresses ..................
Cooks, except short ....................................................
Short-order order .............. ... ........ .........
.........................................................................
.................................... and related .........................
Food counter, fountain ............................
Kitchen workers , food occupations ..................................................
Waiters' and w ' preparation ...........................................................................
Health service occup assistants .........................................................................
Dental assistants .. ...........................................................................................
Healtlth h a .......................................................................................................
Nursing aides, , exc exceptnursing ................................
aides, orderlies, and attendants ................................................................
Cleaning and building service occupations h
Maids and housemen ..............................................................
................................................................................................
Janitors and cleaners ................................................................................................
Personal service occupations'
Barbers ....................
.................................... ................................................................
Hairdressers and cosmet gists ............................................................................
Attendants. amusement and recreation facilities ...................................................
Public transportation attendants ...............................
Welfare ................................................
Child care workers, exc .f .......................................................................................
P Private household .......................................................
Pred1.puetion, craft, and repair ..........................................................................
Mechanics and d repairers,.. ................................................................
Vehicle and mobile ,e exce xcepttsuperviso supervisors r ..............
equipment mechanics and ............................................
Automobile mechanics ...................................... firers.....................................
Electrical and electronic .............................................
Telephone installers and repairers repaners ........................................................
Construction trades.... .......................................................................
Construction trades, ex ................................................................................................
suPerwtsors
kept ....................................................................
Extractive nters........ n .s ........................................................................................................
prod on .............ionsns........... .........................................................................
Precision t
Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................
Machine operators, assemblers, and i ..........................................................
' ......................................................
Textile, apparel, and fumishirigs machine operators..c
Textile sewi inspectors
............
rig machine operators ...........................................................................
Fabricatorsrrhe rheoperators ........................................
Production t assemblers, and hand working occupations ........................................
T nspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers ..........................................
rnsportetion and material paving occupations ................................................. ............ ..................
Motor vehicle operators ............... .........................
Trucks, heavy and light .....................
Transportation occupations, ex t .................................................................
Material moving equipment cep motor vehicles ..................................................
Industrial truck and operators ........................................................................tractor .
uppers, a ......................................................................
Frereiiggh, t equipment
ncm mataterialeers ,handlers helpers, and laborers ................................................
..........................................................................
Laborers. except construction ....................................
Farming, forestry, and fishing ..........................................................................................
... ..............................................................
Farm operators and managers
Z Less than .05 percent. ' Includes other occupations, rat shown
1987.
Source: U.S. Bureau of separately
Labor Statistics, Ernpbynrenc and Ee m Q .y m _ N d N m Q ~..
cn m c h5 m 5; a m o N -E m d 0 ` -
ZZO Z D F- oC m O to LL ~ O Z Z O Z O F- tY m O m LLm oO
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Z Z 0 Z D F- M m 0 Q)) LL O Z Z O Z F- OC M O N LL O
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
V) = L m
r English and American
FIGURE 4. Continued
T
LL
ti J O z z
Foreign Language
and Literature
T
E Co
L
LI J O
Q w N T
c LL (D C U 3 o m
c/) Li J z z O z O 1 O C LL J
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
60 (- All Other Humanities
El-
E 0 L N - t i0
LL J 0 Z Z 0 Z
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TEXT TABLE C
PRIMARY SOURCE OF SUPPORT IN GRADUATE SCHOOL FOR 1978-1981: PERCENTAGE OF
DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS REPORTING PRIMARY SOURCE BY FIELD AND YEAR
SUPPORT SOURCE
TOTAL
ALL
FLDS.
PHYS&
ASTR. CHEM.
EARTH
ENV.&
MAR.
SCI.
MATH.
COMP.
SCI.
ENGR.
BID.
SCI.
MED.
SCI.
AGR. SOC.
SCI. PSYCH. SCI. MIST.
ENG.&
AMER.
LANG.
&LIT.
FOR.
LANG.
&LIT.
ALL
OTHER
HUMAN
ITIES
PROF.
FLOS. EDUC.
TOTAL FEDERAL
1978
14.9*
9.5
9.9
13.7
9.2
9.1
12'.2
32.1
38.4
8.9
24.3
16.8
13.9
4.8
14.2
8.3
12.7
8.4
1979
13.7
9.0
9.5
13.6
9.2
6.2
10.0
30.6
38.0
7.3
21.6
15.7
9.7
5.7
9.2
7.8
10.7
7.8
1980
13.4
8.5
11.7
14.2
7.7
7.9
12.0
29.4
33.6
6.9
20.0
13.9
13.8
3.1
7.9
7.1
11.1
7.4
1981
12.7
8.6
11.2
16.2
7.8
8.7
11.1
29.7
34.6
5.7
17.5
12.4
8.0
1.9
5.5
6.2
11.4
6.5
MEAN
13.7
8.9
10.6
14.4
8.5
7.9
11.3
30.4
35.9
7.1
20.7
14.7
11.5
4.0
9.3
7.3
11.5
7.5
NSF
1978
1.8
3.7
3.4
3.8
5.2
1.8
4.3
3.4
.5
.9
1.9
2.4
.1
.5
.2
.3
1979
1.8
4.2
3.6
5.4
5.7
3.1
3.2
3.2
1.4
.9
1.4
2.5
.1
.2
.8
.2
.2
1980
1.8
4.4
4.5
3.3
5.0
5.4
3.4
3.5
.9
.5
1.5
2.4
.9
.2
.5
.1
.2
1981
1.7
4.8
4.5
5.4
4.4
6.0
2.7
3.4
1.3
.6
1.1
1.8
.3
.6
.1
MEAN
1.8
4.2
4.0
4.5
5.1
4.4
3.4
3.4
1.1
.7
1.5
2.3
.4
.1
.6
.1
.2
NIH
1978
4.9
.6
3.9
.5
.5
2.0
23.0
26.8
.5
9.5
3.5
.3
.2
.2
2.0
.2
1979
4.6
.2
3.4
.3
1.0
.5
1.1
22.6
24.3
.6
9.1
2.7
.1
1.7
.2
1980
4.5
.2
3.5
.3
.9
.5
1.4
20.7
22.4
.3
8.5
3.1
.1
.1
1.2
.2
1981
4.5
.1
3.3
.6
.8
.9
1.6
22.1
21.6
.2
6.9
2.3
.1
1.6
.3
MEAN
4.7
.3
3.5
.4
.8
.6
1.5
22.1
23.5
.4
8.4
2.9
.1
.1
1.7
.2
OTHER FEDERAL
1978
8.2
5.2
2.7
9.4
3.4
7.3
6.0
5.7
11.0
7.4
12.8
11.0
13.5
4.8
14.1
7.5
10.4
7.9
1979
7.3
4.6
2.6
7.8
2.4
2.6
5.6
4.8
12.4
5.9
11.2
10.5
9.6
5.6
9.0
6.9
8.8
7.3
1980
7.1
3.9
3.7
10.6
1.8
2.0
7.2
5.2
10.3
6.0
10.1
8.4
12.7
3.1
7.7
6.5
9.8
7.0
1981
6.5.
3.8
3.4
10.2
2.7
1.8
6.9
4.2
11.7
4.9
9.5
8.4
7.7
1.9
5.5
5.5
9.7
6.1
MEAN
7.3
4.4
3.1
9.5
2.6
2.9
6.4
5.0
11.3
6.0
10.8
9.6
11.0
3.9
9.2
6.6
9.7
7.1
NATIONAL FELLOWSHIP
1978
1.1
1.0
.6
.7
.3
.9
.9
.6
.7
1.5
.6
2.3
4.0
1.3
1.5
2.2
.9
.7
1979
1.0
.5
.5
.3
.9
.6
.9
1.1
1.3
.6
1.8
5.1
1.6
1.0
2.2
.6
.6
1980
1.1
.7
.6
.2
.3
1.5
.5
.5
.4
1.2
.7
2.4
3.7
2.0
1.4
2.9
.6
.7
1981
-1.1
1.0
1.0
.6
.3
2.3
.5
.9
1.3
1.6
.7
2.4
3.7
.8
2.0
1.8
.4
.7
MEAN
1.1
.8
.7
.4
.4
1.2
.6
.7
.9
1.4
.6
2.2
4.1
1.5
1.5
2.3
.6
.7
TOTAL UNIVERSITY
1978
42.2
76.3
79.2
67.3
65.0
63.6
60.0
49.8
27.0
58.1
32.6
42.4
37.8
53.8
49.7
40.7
29.8
18.7
1979
42.8
77.7
79.0
66.7
70.1
59.8
61.8
48.2
26.9
56.1
32.9
43.2
40.1
54.9
55.8
39.3
34.1
19.0
1980
42.7
77.6
78.1
64.3
74.2
64.9
61.3
51.6
31.3
55.9
31.6
43.1
36.3
55.0
61.7
41.8
33.7
18.4
1981
42.8
78.7
76.9
62.2
73.6
61.9
63.7
49.7
28.7
59.0
30.7
44.0
39.9
57.2
62.8
44.0
32.1
17.8
MEAN
42.6
77.6
78.3
65.2
70.6
62.4
61.7
49.8
28.6
57.3
31.9
43.2
38.5
55.1
57.2
41.4
32.4
18.4
UNIVERSITY F'SHIP
1978
6.2
4.0
7.1
5.2
8.1
2.7
4.3
6.9
4.8
2.0
5.0
8.9
12.0
11.5
12.7
14.2
5.2
2.9
1979
5.9
4.5
6.7
6.5
7.2
2.1
3.9
6.3
4.4
2.4
5.2
8.9
11.8
10.0
12.2
12.7
6.0
2.8
1980
5.9
3.7
6.2
4.8
7.9
4.5
4.7
6.1
5.9
2.4
5.0
9..0
11.8
9.9
14.2
12.5
5.3
2.9
1981
5.9
4.2
5.8
5.0
7.8
3.7
5.0
6.0
3.0
2.5
4.0
9.8
14.6
10.8
12.8
14.4
6.4
2.5
MEAN
6.0
4.1
6.4
5.4
7.7
3.3
4.5
6.3
4.5
2.3
4.8
9.2
12.5
10.5
12.9
13.4
5.7
2.8
TEA'CHING A'SHIP
1978
19.0
22.2
37.3
15.1
48.2
21.8
9.5
21.6
10.0
5.5
16.0
22.2
22.7
41.7
35.8
24.2
17.7
10.0
1979
19.2
22.6
32.4
15.3
51.8
21.1
9.9
19.8
8.5
4.4
15.9
23.9
26.6
43.9
42.9
24.5
20.5
10.4
1980
19.2
21.8
33.3
13.2
56.8
14.9
10.4
21.3
10.7
4.2
15.5
24.0
22.6
44.9
46.0
27.1
20.6
10.2
1981
18.7
17.4
31.7
11.9
55.0
17.0
10.6
19.8
10.6
5.0
15.7
23.3
24.5
46.1
49.7
28.2
18.6
9.7
MEAN
19.0
21.0
33.6
13.9
52.8
1'8.2
10.1
20.6
10.0
4.8
15.8
23.4
24.1
44.C
43.4
26.0
19.3
10.1
RE'S(E+ARtH %A'SHI-P
1978
17.0
50.1
34.8
46.9
8.7
39.1
46.2
21.3
12.2
50.7
11.5
11.3
3.1
.7
1.2
2.3
6.9
5.5
1'979
17.7
50.7
39.9
44.9
11.2
36.6
48.0
22.2
13.9
49.3
11.7
10.4
1.7
1.0
.7
2.1
7.6
5.8
19'8'0
17.6
52.0
38.7
46.3
9.5
45.5
46.1
24.1
14.7
49.4
11.0
10.2
1.8
.2
1.6
2.2
7.9
5.3
1981
18.3
57.1
39.4
4'5.3
10.8
41.3
48.1
23.9
15.1
51.5
10.9
10.8
.8
.3
.4
1.4
7.1
5.7
MEAN
17.6
52.4
38.3
45.8
10.0
40.9
47.1
22.9
14.1
5'0.2
11.3
10.7
1.9
.5
.9
2.0
7.4
5.6
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TEXT TABLE C. CONTINUED
TOTAL
EARTH
ENV.&
ENG.&
AMER.
FOR.
ALL
OTHER
ALL
FLDS.
PHYS&
ASTR.
CHEM.
MAR.
SCI.
MATH.
COMP.
SCI.
BID.
ENGR. SCI.
MED.
.SCI.
AGR. SOC. LANG.
SCI. PSYCH. SCI. HIST. ALIT.
LANG.
ALIT.
HUMAN
ITIES
PROF.
FLDS. EDUC.
BUSINESS/INDUSTRY
1978 .8
.9
.8
.7
1.9
1.8
3.3
.5
1.9
.5
.4
.6
.1
.1
.2
.4
1.1
.5
1979 .9
1.1
1.6
.9
.7
2.6
4.8
.4
.9
.4
.2
.4
.4
.2
.2
.4
1.8
.4
1980 .9
1.0
1.2
1.2
.6
4.5
3.7
.9
1.2
.8
.4
.5
.3
.2
.1
1.2
.5
1981 1.0
1.0
1.5
1.7
.6
4.1
3.4
.9
2.1
1.4
.2
.5
.2
.1
.7
1.9
.6
MEAN .9
1.0
1.3
1.1
1.0
3.5
3.8
.7
1.5
.8
.3
.5
.3
.1
.1
.4
1.5
.5
TOTAL SELF SUPPORT
1978 33.9
8.8
6.3
13.7
16.4
20.0
15.9
12.9
24.3
15.0
36.0
29.4
37.3
36.2
28.6
40.1
46.2
64.2
1979 34.1
8.5
7.2
14.1
14.7
22.7
13.9
14.5
25.0
15.7
37.5
30.4
38.8
34.0
31.5
42.2
42.4
63.8
1980 34.3
8.5
6.2
14.2
12.2
16.8
14.1
12.8
23.6
15.4
40.0
30.6
39.3
35.1
26.6
40.0
45.4
64.2
1981 34.6
7.2
6.9
14.9
11.1
15.1
12.4
13.5
25.0
12.8
41.8
32.5
40.4
35.8
26.6
38.6
45.0
65.6
MEAN 34.2
8.3
6.7
14.2
13.7
18.4
14.0
13.4
24.5
14.7
38.9
30.7
38.9
35.3
28.4
40.2
44.7
64.5
OWN EARNINGS
1978 23.3
4.6
2.1
8.1
9.6
13.6
11.9
4.4
15.3
9.9
21.5
18.5
19.1
18.6
17.1
23.0
32.2
52.0
1979 23.5
4.3
2.4
8.7
8.3
17.5
9.9
6.6
14.8
8.7
22.7
19.2
20.8
19.3
17.3
25.5
29.5
51.7
1980 24.0
4.0
1.9
9.3
7.1
12.9
10.3
5.7
14.7
8.5
24.5
19.3
22.2
18.4
16.0
23.6
32.7
52.2
1981 24.3
3.8
3.0
10.2
7.2
11.0
9.1
5.9
16.4
7.7
25.9
20.5
20.3
20.2
14.9
22.9
30.2
54.2
MEAN 23.8
4.2
2.4
9.1
8.1
13.7
10.3
5.6
15.4
8.7
23.7
19.4
20.6
19.1
16.4
23.8
31.2
52.5
SPOUSE'S EARNINGS
1978 8.7
3.7
3.7
5.4
5.4
4.5
2.9
7.5
8.0
4.4
11.2
8.6
14.9
14.1
9.9
13.2
11.8
10.3
1979 8.7
4.1
4.7
4.8
4.4
5.2
2.7
7.1
9.0
5.9
11.6
8.9
15.3
11.6
11.9
12.8
11.3
10.2
1980 8.2
4.1
3.8
4.8
4.7
4.0
2.4
6.2
7.6
5.5
10.6
8.9
13.8
13.8
8.9
11.5
10.4
10.0
1981 8.0
2.8
3.8
4.5
3.2
3.7
2.1
6.4
7.2
4.2
11.8
8.3
14.1
13.0
9.7
11.8
11.9
9.6
MEAN 8.4
3.7
4.0
4.9
4.4
4.3
2.5
6.8
7.9
5.0
11.3
8.6
14.6
13.2
10.1
12.3
11.3
10.0
FAMILY CONTRIBUTIONS
1978 1.9
.5
.5
.2
1.5
1.8
1.1
1.0
1.0
.7
3.3
2.4
3.3
3.4
1.7
3.9
2.2
1.8
1979 1.8
.2
.1
.7
2.0
1.4
.9
1.2
1.1
3.2
2.4
2.7
3.1
2.3
3.9
1.6
1.9
1980 2.1
.5
.5
.2
.5
1.4
.9
1.2
1.3
4.9
2.4
3.3
2.9
1.8
4.9
2.2
2.1
1981 2.2
.7
.1
.2
.8
.5
1.2
1.2
1.3
.9
4.1
3.8
6.0
2.6
2.0
3.9
2.9
1.8
MEAN 2.0
.5
.3
.3
1.2
.4
1.3
1.0
1.2
1.0
3.9
2.7
3.7
3.0
2.0
4.1
2.2
1.9
LOANS
1978 1.2
.2
.4
.3
.1
.8
.8
2.6
1.2
1.8
.6
1.8
2.7
1.2
1.7
1979 1.3
.1
.3
.1
.1
.4
1.2
.1
3.5
1.3
1.5
1.0
.3
1.4
1.3
2.1
1980 1.5
.2
.3
.5
.3
.5
1.2
.3
3.8
1.6
1.3
1.9
.8
1.6
.7
2.4
1981 1.8
.1
.3
.4
.3
.9
.6
5.1
1.4
1.3
1.4
.4
2.7
.9
3.1
MEAN 1.4
.1
.1
.3
.1
.3
.3
1.0
.4
3.8
1.4
1.5
1.2
.8
2.1
1.0
2.3
OTHER SOURCES
1978 5.8
3.6
3.1
4.0
6.9
4.5
7.5
4.0
7.0
15.2
3.6
7.2
5.1
3.2
3.9
5.7
8.2
5.9
1979 6.1
3.2
2.0
4.1
4.3
8.8
8.7
5.0
6.9
18.9
3.7
7.2
4.4
2.5
2.0
6.7
9.2
6.3
1980 6.2
3.7
2.1
5.7
4.7
4.0
8.1
4.5
8.8
19.5
3.5
7.8
5.2
2.9
1.4
6.5
7.4
6.4
1981 6.1
3.4
2.4
4.5
6.2
7.8
8.5
4.9
7.4
19.0
4.0
6.8
6.5
2.7
2.7
6.0
8.4
5.8
MEAN 6.0
3.5
2.4
4.5
5.5
6.5
8.2
4.6
7.6
18.2
3.7
7.3
5.2
2.9
2.5
6.2
8.3
6.1
PRIMARY SOURCE REPORTED
1978
26625
928
1308
556
743
110
2095
2841
589
915
2585
2834
732
899
597
1391
1276
6214
1979
27481
983
1396
588
699
194
2216
2972
655
903
2701
2856
711
802
597
1468
1256
6466
1980
27621
882
1362
583
662
202
2202
3093
760
976
2735
2776
667
858
507
1374
1210
6755
1981
27769
902
1423
537
664
218
2255
3082
821
1025
3002
2741
601
731.
549
1378
1221
6587
TOTAL
109496
3695
5489
2264
2768
724
8768
11988
2825
3819
11023
11207
2711
3290
2250
5611
4963
26022
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
Support Source by Sex and Field of Doctorate
While many support sources are reported with
similar frequency by both men and women, there are
some striking differences in the ways that these
two groups finance their graduate education (see
Figure 5). Women are far more likely to report
financial support from the "self" sources--own
earnings, spouse's earnings, and family contribu-
tions--than men. These categories are primary
sources of graduate support for 45 percent of the
women but only 30 percent of the men. The propor-
tion of both sexes reporting teaching assistant-
ships as their primary source in 1981 was nearly
identical (18.7 percent and 18.5 percent respec-
tively), while the number one source for men--
research assistantships--is considered the primary
.source by over twice as many men (22 percent) as
women (10 percent). Only small differences between
the two groups can be seen in Figure 5 for the
other support sources. The median time from gradu-
ate entrance to the completion of the doctorate is
somewhat longer for women than for men (see Table
2, pp. 32-37): this difference may account for
the greater use of personal resources by women than
men to finance their graduate education.
Table D provides source of support data by both
Men
Women
field and sex, which allows the reader a control
for the concentration of men or women in fields
where particular sources of support are the most
frequently reported, such as "own earnings" in the
field of education. When such a field-specific
comparison is made, a number of exceptions to the
overall pattern shown in Figure 5 are revealed,
particularly in science fields.
In fact, of the physical science and mathema=
tics fields, only earth science follows this
general pattern, but even in this field, women
report about twice the proportion of support from
teaching assistantships as men (21 percent and 11
percent respectively), and 11 percent of men
Ph.D.'s and no women Ph.D.'s report primary support
from other federal sources. As previously men-
tioned, much of the support in the "other federal"
category comes from military-related sources--the
G.I. Bill or educational programs of the military
services. In physics, chemistry, and mathematics
men and women report support from research assis-
tantships and the self-support sources with nearly
equal frequency.
Doctorate recipients in engineering and com-
puter science follow the overall support pattern,
with men reporting greater support from research
assistantships and women from the self-support
o h
o m >? i; IN
LL LL
Qm w
LL = m C ! C
z z 6 2 2 m to ' J (J
FIGURE 5
Primary Source of Support of 1981 Doctorate. Recipients by Sex.
SOURCE: NRC, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel,
Doctorate Records File.
F+j VA
vzd~
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP9O-0053OR000300610001-6
LL N
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f 3? Z? 3? W? 3? W? 3?
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP9O-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
IL N
00
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
sources. In these two fields, however, women are
more frequent recipients of support from teaching
assistantships.
Because of the generally even distribution of
support from research assistantships among men and
women in the biological, medical, and agricultural
sciences and the low proportion of women reporting
support from spouse's earnings, Ph.D.'s in those
fields also do not follow the overall support
pattern. The considerably higher proportion of
women (26 percent) than men (12 percent) in the
medical sciences reporting own earnings as their
primary source is likely to be a function of their
concentration in nursing and public health fields
(see Table 1, page 26).
In contrast to the aforementioned science and
engineering fields, the distribution of support for
men and women doctorate recipients in the social
sciences, humanities, professional fields, and edu-
cation closely follows the overall pattern. In
each of these fields, women report spouse's earn-
ings with considerably greater frequency than do
men. This relationship is particularly strong in
education, where women are two and one-half times
more likely to report spouse's earnings as their
primary source than are men. Other areas of sup-
port where men and women differ significantly
include NIH support, where the high proportion of
women in the professional fields reporting this
source is a product of the large number of women in
social work and the speech and hearing sciences
(see Table 1, page 27), and "other federal" support
in the field of education, where the greater fre-
quency of men reporting this source is the result
of their use of benefits under the G.I. Bill.
Support Source by Racial/Ethnic Group and Field of
Doctorate
Data on primary source of support by racial/
ethnic group for selected fields over the 1979 to
1981 period are presented in Text Table E. Because
of the small number of minority doctorate recipi-
ents--particularly in the American Indian and His-
panic categories--responses for the past three
years have been combined so that an analysis by
field of doctorate could be performed. Fields were
selected to illustrate the patterns of support
typical of each of the major discipline areas. As
a consequence of both the high concentration of
temporary visa holders among Asian doctorate reci-
pients (see Table 5, pp. 40-41) and the probabil-
ity that holders of temporary visas will leave the
U. S. following completion of studies, this presen-
tation includes only U.,S. citizens and non-U. S.
citizens residing here on permanent (immigrant)
visas.
Over all fields, patterns of support specific
to certain racial/ethnic groups were found. Most
striking is the dominance of support from univer-
sity sources for Asian doctorate recipients. In
each of the seven fields shown in Table E, Asian
Ph.D.'s display the greatest frequency of support
from universities. White and Hispanic doctorate
recipients reported the second and third most fre-
quent support from university sources. The
greatest frequency of primary support by the self
sources--own earnings, spouse's earnings, and
family contributions--was reported by American
Indian Ph.D.'s. Whites, American Indians, and His-
panics showed the greatest support from federal
sources. Black Ph.D.'s reported the greatest use
of loans and the least overall support from univer-
sity sources. Blacks, along with Hispanics, also
indicated the greatest use of national fellowships,
particularly in the social sciences and humani-
ties. The substantial differences between support
patterns for the racial/ethnic groups can be seen
by the fact that Asian Ph.D.'s reported more than
twice as much support from university sources as
did American Indians and blacks, and the latter two
groups reported self-support over two times as fre-
quently as Asians.
There are, however, several exceptions to the
patterns described above. In the biological and
medical sciences, psychology, and humanities,
blacks, rather than whites, American Indians, or
Hispanics, reported the greatest frequency of fed-
eral support. In the physical sciences and educa-
tion, Hispanics reported a considerably higher
proportion of support from federal sources than did
American Indians or whites. Of particular interest
is the over one-fifth of black doctorate recipients
in engineering and computer sciences who noted
support from business and industry sources. Many
of these Ph.D.'s were supported in graduate school
by their employing companies.
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TEXT TABLE E
PRIMARY SOURCE OF SUPPORT OF 1979-1981 DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY RACIAL/ETHNIC
GROUP AND FIELD
SUPPORT SOURCE
TOTAL
ALL
FLDS.
PHYS.
SCI.
ENGR.
AND
COMP.
SCI.
BID.
AND
MED.
SCI.
PSYCH.
SOC.
SCI.
HUMAN-
ITIES
EDUC.
FEDERAL
AMERICAN
INDIAN
14.5
7.7
25.0
29.0
20.0'
17.9
5.1
13.7
ASIAN
10.3
7.6
6.0
22.8
19.6
3.7
3.8
8.7
BLACK
13.4
13.0
10.9
35.1
25.9
12.3
7.9
8.7
HISPANIC
14.4
15.5
6.6
19.6
19.3
15.2
3.8
19.5
WHITE
14.7
11.7
16.4
34.0
19.3
15.8
7.3
7.0
NATIONAL FELLOWSHIP
AMERICAN
INDIAN
2.8
3.2
2.9
5.1
3.6
ASIAN
.9
.5
.9
1.0
1.8
.9
1.9
.8
BLACK
5.5
9.0
3.6
4.5
6.6
12.3
15.7
2.3
HISPANIC,
5.5
.9
1.6
3.7
8.7
12.4
6.2
4.2
WHITE
.7
.4
.6
.6
.3
1.3
1.8
.4
UNIVERSITY
AMERICAN
INDIAN
29.5
69.2
33.3
38.7
22.9
39.3
48.7
12.9
ASIAN
62.6
83.3
74.8
55.1
38.4
52.4
54.8
21.7
BLACK
24.2
57.0
41.8
31.8
23.3
37.9
36.1
14.8
HISPANIC
36.0
67.2
55.7
55.1
27.3
34.5
46.7
15.5
WHITE
41.5
74.2
55.6
44.8
31.8
44.2
47.6
18.4
BUSINESS/INDUSTRY
AMERICAN
INDIAN
.6
3.6
.7
ASIAN
2.2
1.6
4.1
2.1
.9
.6
.4
BLACK
1.5
8.0
23.6
1.9
.3
.7
1.1
.8
HISPANIC
1.4
5.2
3.3
.9
.7
.7
1.0
.5
WHITE
.9
1.1
5.1
.8
.2
.3
.2
.5
SELF
AMERICAN
INDIAN
47.7
15.4
33.3
29.0
42.9
39.3
38.5
64.0
ASIAN
19.9
5.1
12.3
14.2
31.3
33.3
33.8
56.7
BLACK
45.5
9.0
12.7
20.8
28.3
28.6
29.3
62.7
HISPANIC
34.7
8.6
19.7
15.9
34.0
24.8
36.7
51.6
WHITE
37.7
11.1
19.3
16.6
40.8
33.9
33.4
67.6
LOANS
AMERICAN
INDIAN
2.2
8.3
5.7
2.6
2.2
ASIAN
1.1
.2
.4
.2
6.3
.9
2.5
4.7
BLACK
4.1
1.3
5.5
3.0
2.5
5.1
HISPANIC
1.8
1.6
4.7
1.4
1.4
2.6
WHITE
1.5
.1
.2
.5
4.2
1.4
1.4
2.3
OTHER
AMERICAN
INDIAN
2.8
7.7
5.7
2.9
ASIAN
3.0
1.6
1.5
4.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
7.1
BLACK
5.8
4.0
7.3
4.5
5.2
5.2
7.5
5.6
HISPANIC
6.2
2.6
11.5
4.7
5.3
11.0
4.2
6.1
WHITE
3.0
1.4
2.8
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.8
PRIMARY SOURCE REPORTED
AMERICAN
INDIAN
325
26
12
31
35
28
39
139
ASIAN
2823
564
803
514
112
231
157
254
BLACK
2858
100
55
154
290
269
280
1532
HISPANIC
1365
116
61
107
150
145
289
426
WHITE
62992
7683
3693
9207
7442
6184
8598
15609
SOURCE: NRC, OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PERSONNEL/ DOCTORATE
RECORDS FILE.
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
20
Support Source by Carnegie Classification of
Doctorate-Granting Institution
The Carnegie Classification System, 4/
developed by the Carnegie Commission on Higher
Education, is used here to compare the patterns of
student support found in various categories of
doctorate-granting institutions. The Carnegie
System is based largely on statistics on level of
federal support and number of degrees awarded. The
following Carnegie categories'are used in Figure 6
and Text Table F:
Research Universities I - The 50 leading
universities by federal financial sup-
port of academic science provided they
awarded at least 50 Ph.D.'s in 1973-74.
Research Universities II - Included in the
100 leading institutions in federal
support, awarded at least 50 Ph.D.'s in
1973-74 or among the top 50 Ph.D.-
granting institutions from 1966 to 1975.
Doctorate-Granting I and II - Awarded at
least 10 Ph.D.'s in 1973-74 or one of a
few new institutions where expansion of
the doctoral program is anticipated.
All Other Classified - Includes all other
doctorate-granting institutions. .These
are primarily, but not exclusively,
professional schools in education,
medicine, theology, and psychology.
Business/
Industry
Primary Source of Support by Carnegie. Classification of Doctorate-Granting
Institution, 1981. SOURCE: NRC, Office of Scientific and Engineering
Personnel, Doctorate Records File.
4/Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, A Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.
Berkeley: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of leaching, 19/8.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
As can be seen in Figure 6, the main difference
between the four institutional categories is the
variation in the proportion of doctorate recipients
reporting support from university or "self"
sources. While nearly one-half of the graduates of
Research I institutions report support from their
universities, 44 percent of Research II, 38 percent
of Doctorate-Granting I and II, and 23 percent of
the graduates of All Other Classified institutions
report university support as their primary source.
Conversely, the proportion of doctorate recipients
reporting support from the "self" sources increases
over the four institutional groups, from 27 percent
of the Research I graduates to 36 percent of
Research II, 45 percent of the Doctorate-Granting I
and II, and 52 percent of All Other Classified
institutions. Support for Ph.D.'s was about equal
for the other sources included in Figure 6 except
for federal, where Research I and All Other Clas-
sified universities show considerable support from
NSF and NIH in the physical, biological, and
medical sciences.
Text Table F shows that when broken down by
both field and detailed source of support, the main
differences among the Carnegie institutional cate-
gories continue to be found in the distribution of
university and self-support. For instance, gradu-
ates of Research I institutions report university
fellowships and research assistantships with a
greater frequency than graduates from the other
three institutional categories, and they are third,
behind Ph.D.'s from Research II and Doctorate-
Granting I and II, in support from teaching assis-
tantships. This difference is particularly large
in the physical science, engineering and computer
science, and biological and medical science fields,
where graduates of Research I institutions report
the least support from teaching assistantships.
With the exception of psychology, Research
University I ,graduates had the lowest proportion of
support from own earnings over all fields. This
utilization of sources other than own earnings was
particularly prevalent in the fields of physical
sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Again,
except for psychology, graduates of All Other Clas-
sified universities showed the greatest support
from own earnings. Response to the other two self-
support categories--spouse's earnings and family .
contributions--tended to follow a similar pattern,
with Other Classified graduates reporting nearly
the greatest frequency of self-support, and Res-
earch I graduates the least.
Graduates of Doctorate-Granting I and II uni-
versities in engineering and computer science
reported the highest frequency of support from
business or industrial firms. Nearly 16 percent of
psychology graduates from All Other Classified uni-
versities reported primary support from loans,
about three times the frequency for graduates of
any of the other Carnegie institutional categories.
Primary Source of Support in Graduate School--A
Summary
Data have been presented here on a number of
.factors that are associated with the sources of
support used by graduate students to finance their
doctoral education--year and field of Ph.D., sex,
racial/ethnic group, and institutional classifica-
tion. The stability of support patterns over the
four-year period (1978-1981) was one of the few
exceptions to our general finding that each of the
above variables exerted a powerful influence on
graduate student support patterns. Despite strong
overall trends, each cohort of Ph.D.'s was found to
exhibit a singular pattern of response to the pri-
mary support question. This was particularly true
in the examination of differences among fields,
where for example; own earnings--the leading pri-
mary source over all disciplines--was one of the
least frequently reported sources by Ph.D.'s in the
physical and biological sciences. Even within the
physical sciences, there was considerable variabil-
ity in concentration of support from certain
sources, with approximately one-half of physics and
earth sciences Ph.D.'s reporting primary source
from research assistantships while 55 percent of
the 1981 Ph.D.'s in mathematics reported teaching
assistantships as their primary source.
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TEXT TABLE F
PRIMARY SOURCE OF SUPPORT FOR 1981 DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY CARNEGIE CLASSIFICATION
OF DOCTORATE-GRANTING INSTITUTIONS
ENGR. BID.
TOTAL AND AND
ALL PHYS. COMP. MED. SOC. HUMAN-
FLDS. SCI. SCI. SCI. PSYCH. SCI. ITIES EDUC.
TOTAL FEDERAL
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
15.0*
11.3
11.4 38.6 23.4
14.2
6.4
6.3
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
11.0
8.4
10.5 23.3 17.4
9.2
4.9
7.5
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
8.9
9.9
8.8 13.3 13.5
9.9
4.2
5.5
ALL OTHER
12.2
15.6
11.4 27.4 9.2
15.2
1.9
6.7
MEAN
12.7
10.7
10.9 30.7 17.5
12.4
5.5
6.5
NSF
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I'
2.5
5.6
3.8 4.1 2.4
2.9
.4
.1
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
.7
2.6
1.6 1.4 .8
.1
.1
.1
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
1.0
4.1
1.8 2.7 .3
.5
.2
.1
ALL OTHER
.7
4.4
.8 1.5
MEAN
1.7
4.7
3.0 3.0 1.1
1.8
.3
.1
NIH
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
6.1
1.6
2.0 28.4 10.1
3.1
.1
.4
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
3.4
1.2
.4 16.4 7.5
1.3
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
1.6
1.2
.6 7.0 4.1
.5
ALL OTHER
5.2
5.0
1.6 18.7 2.8
3.0
..9
MEAN
4.5
1.6
1.5 22.0 6.9
2.3
.1
.3
OTHER FEDERAL
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
6.4
4.2
5.6 6.1 10.9
8.2
5.8
5.8
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
6.9
4.6
8.5 5.5 9.2
7.8
4.8
7.4
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
6.3
4.6
6.5 3.6 9.2
8.9
4.0
5.5
ALL OTHER
6.3
6.3
8.9 7.2 6.4
12.1
1.9
5.8
MEAN
6.5
4.4
6.4 5.8 9.5
8.4
5.1
6.1
NATIONAL FELLOWSHIP
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
1.3
.9
.6 1/.0 1.1
2.5
2.2
1.0
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
1.0
.4
7 .7 1.1
1.8
2.1
.7
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
.8
.9
.9/ 1.3 .1
3.0
1.0
.4
ALL OTHER
.8
.6
.18 1.5 .4
3.0
1.3
.4
MEAN
1.1
.8
.6 1.0 .7
2.4
2.0
.7
TOTAL UNIVERSITY
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
47.5
75:6
64.6 40.3 32.6
45.8
51.9
23.1
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
43.7
76.4
61.0 53.8 40.5
44.8
46.9
18.2
DOCTORATE-GRANTING 1
&-I1
37.7
72.4
62.4 58.6 27.7
41.3
49.1
15.9
_
ALL OTHER
22.8.-
59.4
62.6 38.3 11.0
21.2
34.4
4.0
MEAN
42
4
74
5
5 45
63
3 30
7
44
0
49
4
17
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
UNIVERSITY FELLOWSHIP
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
6.6
5.6
4.2 4.3 5.0
11.7
15.7
2.5
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
5.0
4.9
4.9 6.6 4.4
7.2
8.7
2.1
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
5.5
6.8
7.4 5.7 3.3
8.4
12.5
3.5
ALL OTHER
4.4
5.0
6.5 8.0 2.1
4.0
12.5
1.1
MEAN
5.9
5.6
4.9 5.4 4.0
9.8
13.3
2.5
TEACHING ASSISTANTSHIP
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
18.1
25.3
9.1 13.0 15.6
22.4
35.3
11.3
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
22.1
36.3
10.3 25.2 22.9
26.8
37.1
10.6
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
19.2
36.1
17.1 25.7 14.5
24.5
35.8
9.7
ALL OTHER
10.7
28.1
23.6 18.0 3.5
9.1
21.9
2.1
MEAN
18.7
29.4
11.1 17.9 15.7
23.3
35.2
9.7
RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIP
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
22.7
44.7
51.3 23.0 12.0
11.6
.9
9.4
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
16.7
35.2
45.7 22.0 13.2
10.8
1.0
5.5
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
13.0
29.6
37.9 27.2 9.9
8.4
.8
2.7
ALL OTHER
7.7
26.3
32.5 12.2 5.3
8.1
.8
MEAN
1,8.3
39.4
47.5 22.0 10.9
10.6
.9
5.7
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
SUPPORT SOURCE
TOTAL
ALL
FLDS.
PHYS.
SCI.
ENGR.
AND
COMP.
SCI.
810.
AND
MED.
SCI.
PSYCH.
SOC. HUMAN-
SCI. ITIES EDUC.
BUSINESS/INDUSTRY
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
1.0
.8
2.6
1.1
.2
.7
.2
.6
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
.7
1.2
2.5
.6
.2
.1
.7
.4
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
1.3
1.7
8.5
2.1
.2
.4
.6
ALL OTHER
1.7
5.6
4.9
1.7
1.0
1.1
MEAN
1.0
1.2
3.5
1.2
.2
.5
.4
.6
TOTAL SELF SUPPORT
RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY I
27.2
7.4
11.4
13.4
35.4
27.7
32.1
59.3
RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY II
35.7
10.4
17.0
16.0
33.4
36.6
39.0
63.9
DOCTORATE
-GRANTING I & II
44.8
11.1
12.1
19.2
49.1
40.6
41.2
71.7
ALL OTHER
52.4
15.6
14.6
23.7
60.8
48.5
55.6
76.5
MEAN
34.6
9.0
12.7
15.9
41.8
32.5
36.3
65.6
OWN EARNIN
RESEARCH
GS
UNIVERSITY I
18.3
3.5
8.1
8.2
22.7
16.7
16.6
47.6
RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY II
24.5
6.8
12.8
6.2
19.8
21.7
21.4
51.6
DOCTORATE
-GRANTING I & II
33.3
6.8
8.5
8.4
32.7
29.0
27.9
59.5
ALL OTHER
4"0.2
11.9
13.8
10.9
29.0
38.4
38.1
69.2
MEAN
24.3
5.1
9.3
8.1
25.9
20.5
20.5
54.2
SPOUSE'S E
RESEARCH
ARNINGS
UNIVERSITY I
7.2
3.6
2.5
4.2
10.0
7.9
11.6
10.0
RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY II
8.6
3.2
2.7
7.9
11.0
10.0
13.0
10.2
DOCTORATE
-GRANTING I & II
9.2
3.9
1.5
9.3
12..9
7.2
11.6
10.3
ALL OTHER
9.0
3.1
11.7
16.6
7.1
15.0
5.7
MEAN
8.0
3.5
2.3
6.5
11.8
8.3
12.1
9.6
FAMILY CON
RESEARCH
TRIBUTIONS
UNIVERSITY I
1.8
.4
.8
1.0
2.7
3.1
3.9
1.7
RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY II
2.5
.4
1.6
1.9
2.6
5.0
4.6
2.2
DOCTORATE
-GRANTING I & II
2.3
.3
2.1
1.5
3.6
4.5
1.7
1.8
ALL OTHER
3.3
.6
.8
1.1
15.2
3.0
2.5
1.6
MEAN
2.2
.4
1.1
1.3
4.1
3.8
3.7
1.8
LOANS
RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY I
1.5
.1
.4
.4
3.4
1.4
2.4
3.5
RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY II
1.4
.1
.4
.2
3.5
1
3
1
1
2
4
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
1.9
.3
.8
5.1
.
.5
.
.8
.
2
0
ALL OTHER
4.4
.8
.4
15.9
5.1
.6
.
5.3
MEAN
1.8
.1
.4
.4
5.1
1.4
1.7
3.1
OTHER SOURCES
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
6.5
3.8
9.1
5.3
3.9
7.7
4.8
6.2
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
6.5
3.2
7.8
5.5
4.1
6
1
5
3
6
8
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
4.7
4.1
7.1
4.6
4.3
.
4.7
.
3.3
.
3
9
ALL OTHER
5.7
3.1
4.9
7.0
2.8
6.1
6.3
.
6.1
MEAN
6.1
3.7
8.4 .
5.4
4.0
6.8
4.8
5.8
PRIMARY SOURCE REPORTED
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY I
13817
2084
1564
2092
1071
1555
1805
2459
RESEARCH UNIVERSITY II
6466
694
446
877
665
683
813
1674
DOCTORATE-GRANTING I & II
5280
588
340
474
983
404
481
1698
ALL OTHER
2206
160
123
460
283
99
160
756
SOURCE: NRC, OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PERSONNEL,
DOCTORATE RECORDS FILE.
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
24
EXPLANATION OF FIVE BASIC TABLES
Table 1 Number of Doctorate Recipients by Sex and
Subfield, 1981
"Percentage with Master's"--This indicates the
percentage of doctorate recipients in a
field who received a master's degree in any
field before taking the doctorate.
Table lA Number of Doctorate Recipients by
Citizenship, Racial/Ethnic Group, and
Subfield, 1981
Table 2 Statistical Profile of Doctorate Recipi-
ents by Sex and by Field of Doctorate,
1981 (three tables)
Table 3 Percentage of 1981 Doctorate Recipients
by Sources of Support in Graduate School,
by Sex and Summary Field
Table 4 Number of 1981 Doctorate Recipients by
Sex, State of Doctoral Institution, and
Summary Field
Table 5 Statistical Profile of Doctorate Recipi-
ents by Racial or Ethnic Group and U.S.
Citizenship Status, 1981
Table titles and headings are generally self-expla-
natory, but a few terms need special definition or
explanation. The survey questionnaire is repro-
duced on pages 42-43.
Tables 1 and lA
Turning to the standard tables presented from
year to year in these reports, we display in Tables
1 and lA 1981 data by subfield of doctorate, corre-
sponding to the fields specified in the Specialties
List on page 44. The "general" field categories,
e.g., "chemistry, general," contain individuals who
either received the doctorate in the general sub-
ject area or who did not specify a particular fine
field. The "other" field categories, e.g.,
"chemistry, other," include those individuals whose
specified doctoral discipline was not listed in the
Specialties List.
There are three two-page tables; one contains
data about all doctorate recipients in 1981 and the
other two present data by sex. This table provides
data by field and also by broader summary field.
Refer to the inside of the back cover for the codes
included in each broad field and to the Specialties
List on page 44 for the codes and names of each
subfield. Definitions are as follows:
"Median Age at Doctorate"--One-half received
the doctorate at this age or younger.
"Median Time Lapse"--"Total Time" refers to
total calendar time elapsed between the year
of baccalaureate and the year of doctorate;
"Registered Time" refers to the total time
registered in a university between bacca-
laureate and doctorate.
Each year's doctorate recipients provide infor-
mation on postgraduation employment or study
plans in response to items 18 and 19 on the
survey form. As the questionnaire is filled
out at about the time the doctorate is
received, these planned activities can be
subject to change. However, comparisons
with data from the longitudal Survey of Doc-
torate Recipients have shown these data to
be a reasonable reflection of actual employ-
ment status in the year following the doc-
torate.5/ Postgraduation plans of the
doctorate recipients are grouped as:
"Postdoctoral Study Plans" (fellowship,
research associateship, traineeship, other),
"Planned Employment" (educational institu-
tion, industry, etc.), or "Postdoctoral
Status Unknown." The sum of these columns
of percentages totals 100 percent with
allowance for rounding. For example, 3.7
percent of all the engineers plan to go to
postdoctoral fellowships, 7.6 percent to
research associateships, 1.5 percent to
traineeships, 0.4 percent plan on some other
form of postdoctoral study support, 80.2
percent plan on employment, and 6.7 percent
did not indicate their postgraduation
plans. The percentages listed by type of
employer (educational institution, industry,
etc.) total to the 80.2 percent planning on
employment.
The four lines of data beginning with
"Definite Postdoctoral Study," first
included in the 1974 report, distinguish
between individuals who have definite post-
graduation plans (item 17:"Am returning to,
or continuing in, predoctoral appointment"
or "Have signed contract or made definite
5/Century of Doctorates: Data Analyses of Growth and Change, National Academy of Sciences, 1978, pp. 92-93.
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
25
commitment" in the survey questionnaire) and
those who are still seeking employment or
postdoctoral study (item 17: "Am negoti-
ating with one or more specific organiza-
tions," "Am seeking appointment but have no
definite prospects," or "Other"). These
four lines when added to the prior line
"Postdoctoral Status Unknown" total 100
percent. The two lines "Definite Postdoc-
toral Study" and "Seeking Postdoctoral
Study" add to give the total percentage
planning postdoctoral study listed in the
table as "Postdoctoral Study Plans," and the
two lines "Definite Employment" and "Seeking
Employment" add to give the total percentage
planning employment in the table as "Planned
Employment After Doctorate."
Percentages showing the distribution of doctor-
ate recipients by work activity and by
region of employment are based on those who
have a definite employment commitment. They
exclude those still seeking employment and
those planning postdoctoral study as des-
cribed in the categories above. These data
differ from Summary Reports prior to 1974,
which included all individuals planning on
employment, i.e., those seeking as well as
those having definite employment commitments.
Displayed in Table 3 are data on all sources of
financial support in graduate school reported by
doctorate recipients. Although this table dupli-
cates to some extent the analysis presented earlier
in the report, it is included here to maintain the
continuity of the series of these tables published
in each of the fifteen Summary Reports. The ques-
tion on source of support was answered by 29,480
(94 percent) of the 1981 doctorate recipients. The
data in the table should be interpreted as follows:
208 male doctorate recipients in the physical
sciences reported financial support from NSF fel-
lowships during graduate school. This number is
6.0 percent of the male physical sciences doctor-
ates who answered the question, and it is 40.2 per-
cent of the males in all fields who reported NSF
fellowship support. Since students indicate
multiple sources of support, the vertical percent-
ages sum to more than 100 percent.
Table 4
Table 4 shows the number of persons receiving a
doctorate from universities in each of the 50
states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
The 1973 Summary Report was the first to
include data for racial and ethnic groups. The
tables in that report stimulated many requests for
more detailed data by individual racial or ethnic
group. Such data are provided in Table 5, first
included in the 1974 Summary Report. Table 5 con-
tains data by racial or ethnic group and by U.S.
citizenship status for selected variables from
Tables 2 and 3. Comparisons between the 1973 data
and data for 1974 to 1981 are somewhat tenuous
because of the large number of cases (8,952) for
which racial or ethnic data were unavailable in
.1973.
In 1977, the item on racial or ethnic group in
the survey questionnaire was revised to coincide
with the question format recommended by the Federal
Interagency Committee on Education and adopted by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for use
in federally-sponsored surveys. An explanation of
the effects of these changes is detailed on page 13
of the 1977 Summary Report. Changes in the OMB
guidelines prompted the moving of persons having
origins in the Indian subcontinent from the white
category to Asian in 1978. In 1980, the category
Hispanic was subdivided into Puerto Rican, Mexican-
American, and Other Hispanic to provide more detail
for users of the racial/ethnic data.
An additional revision to this item in 1980
involves the number of categories that may be
checked. Prior to 1980, doctorate recipients could
check as many categories as applied to indicate
their racial/ethnic background. When compiling the
data, all persons who checked "white" in addition
to one other category, with the exception of
"black," were included with those who had provided
the single category response. Those whose
responses were "black" and who gave an additional
response to any other category were designated as
"black." Beginning in 1980, respondents were asked
to check only one category. Evidence of this
change was most pronounced in the "American Indian"
group where the majority of. the respondents
formerly checked "white" in addition to "American
Indi.an."
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 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TABLE 1
NUMBER OF DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY
SEX
AND SUBFIELD,
1981
IQ?AL ALL ELELQS
Z144Z
2flZ2
31312
PCYSILAL SLIENLES
3666
592
Al?E
AERONAUTICAL AND ASTRONAUTICAL
97
97
AGRICULTURAL
60
2
62
BIOMEDICAL
60
3
63
MATHEMATICS
616
112
728
CIVIL
281
6
287
CHEMICAL
285
11
296
ALGEBRA
40
14
54
CERAMIC
23
1
24
ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
97
8
105
COMPUTER
63
8
71
GEOMETRY
28
1
29
ELECTRICAL
397
14
411
LOGIC
17
1
18
ELECTRONICS
67
67
NUMBER THEORY
23
1
24
INDUSTRIAL
60
6
66
PROBABILITY, MATH STATISTICS
131
32
163
NUCLEAR
124
6
130
TOPOLOGY
44
11
55
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
77
1
78
COMPUTING THEORY AND PRACTICE
14
2
16
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
20
2
22
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
31
4
35
MECHANICAL
277
5
282
APPLIED
94
24
118
METALLURGY AND PHYSICAL MET
94
5
99
MATHEMATICS, GENERAL
72
a
80
SYSTEMS DESIGN, SYSTEMS SCIENCE
64
4
68
MATHEMATICS, OTHER
25
6
31
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
73
7
80
FUEL TECH, PETROLEUM
21
21
SANITARY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
M
67
8
4
71
8
INING
MATERIALS SCIENCE
102
11
113
ENGINEERING, GENERAL
36
1
37
ASTRONOMY
43
7
50
ENGINEERING, OTHER
73
2
75
ASTROPHYSICS
55
4
59
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR
57
8
65
ACOUSTICS
11
2
13
FLUIDS
11
3
14
PLASMA
63
2
65
OPTICS
53
1
54
THERMAL
7
7
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
109
8
117
BIOCHEMISTRY
455
189
644
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE
59
3
62
BIOPHYSICS
89
10
99
SOLID STATE
230
20
250
BIOMETRICS, BIOSTATISTICS
36
12
48
PHYSICS, GENERAL
162
10
172
ANATOMY
108
48
156
PHYSICS, OTHER
82
5
87
CYTOLOGY
33
14
47
EMBRYOLOGY
10
10
20
IMMUNOLOGY
89
60
149
BOTANY
105
42
147
ANALYTICAL
199
30
229
ECOLOGY
145
52
197
INORGANIC
153
35
188
MICROBIOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY
250
103
353
ORGANIC
430
60
490
PHYSIOLOGY, ANIMAL
247
80
327
NUCLEAR
12
12
PHYSIOLOGY, PLANT
57
11
68
PHYSICAL
224
51
275
ZOOLOGY
150
47
197
THEORETICAL
27
6
33
GENETICS
95
62
157
PHARMACEUTICAL
47
5
52
ENTOMOLOGY
130
13
143
POLYMER
57
4
61
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
117
68
185
CHEMISTRY, GENERAL
171
26
197
NUTRITION AND/OR DIETETICS
40
59
99
CHEMISTRY, OTHER
56
18
74
BIOL SCIENCES, GENERAL
147
60
207
BIOL SCIENCES, OTHER
108
46
154
MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY
25
5
30
GEOCHEMISTRY
43
5
48
AGRONOMY
162
15
177
STRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENTATION
35
7
42
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
155
13
168
PALEONTOLOGY
18
1
19
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
19
19
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
26
1
27
FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
76
28
104
GEOPHYSICS (SOLID EARTH)
67
5
72
FISH AND WILDLIFE
57
9
66
GEOMORPHOL, GLACIAL GEOLOGY
11
2
13
FORESTRY
89
6
95
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES
20
1
21
HORTICULTURE
68
17
85
OC EAONOGRAPHY
63
7
70
SOILS AND SOIL SCIENCE
83
7
90
MARINE SCIENCES, OTHER
28
2
30
ANIMAL SCIENCE AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
132
17
149
ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
14
1
15
PHYTOPATHOLOGY
78
21
99
ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS
26
1
27
AGRICULTURE, GENERAL
4
1
5
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, OTHER
30
1
31
AGRICULTURE, OTHER
80
13
93
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, GENERAL
27
3
30
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, OTHER
APPL GEOL, GEOL ENG, ECON GEOL
16
21
8
24
21
EARTH SCIENCES, GENERAL
42
4
46
PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
82
73
155
EARTH SCIENCES, OTHER
14
2
16
VETERINARY MEDICINE
33
8
41
NURSING
3
84
87
PARASITOLOGY
13
5
1,8
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
37
6
43
PATHOLOGY
79
27
106
PHARMACOLOGY
211
69
280
PHARMACY
58
11
69
MEDICAL SCIENCES, GENERAL
16
8
24
MEDICAL SCIENCES, OTHER
72
19
91
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
ANTHROPOLOGY
217
152
369
COMMUNICATIONS
129
92
221
SOCIOLOGY
361
242
603
ECONOMICS
707
100
807
ECONOMETRICS
16
1
17
STATISTICS
32
7
39
GEOGRAPHY
89
20
109
AREA STUDIES
15
5
20
POLITICAL SCIENCE
349
96
445
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
120
27
147
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
75
12
87
CRIMINOLOGY
26
9
35
URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
77
17
94
SOCIAL SCIENCES, GENERAL
17
5
22
SOCIAL SCIENCES, OTHER
75
58
133
CLINICAL
701
555
1256
COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE
191
160
351
DEVELOP AND GERONTOL
80
120
200
EDUCATIONAL
103
77
180
SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY
60
73
133
EXPERIMENTAL
189
93
282
COMPARATIVE
8
3
11
PHYSIOLOGICAL
68
34
102
INDUSTRIAL AND PERSONNEL
65
22
87
PERSONALITY
23
26
49
PSYCHOMETRICS
17
10
27
SOCIAL
104
76
180
PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL
148
135
283
PSYCHOLOGY, OTHER
128
88
216
314$
114Z
3Z4S
ART, HISTORY AND CRITICISM
45
112
157
HISTORY, AMERICAN
171
56
227
HISTORY, EUROPEAN
119
45
164
HISTORY, OTHER
186
88
274
HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
21
5
26
AMERICAN STUDIES
42
45
87
THEATRE AND THEATRE CRITICISM
71
32
103
MUSIC
260
108
368
SPEECH AS A DRAMATIC ART
25
12
37
ARCHEOLOGY
15
13
28
RELIGION
132
29
161
PHILOSOPHY
224
53
277
LINGUISTICS
98
78
176
COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
58
74
132
AMERICAN
66
80
146
ENGLISH
327
343
670
GERMAN
40
49
89
RUSSIAN
14
13
27
FRENCH
49
118
167
SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE
91
93
184
ITALIAN
7
9
16
CLASSICAL
38
24
62
OTHER LANGUAGES
59
37
96
HUMANITIES, GENERAL
14
9
23
HUMANITIES, OTHER
26
22
48
264
434
13H
THEOLOGY
179
22
201
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
532
90
622
HOME ECONOMICS
15
70
85
JOURNALISM
12
6
18
SPEECH AND HEARING SCIENCES
56
84
140
LAW, JURISPRUDENCE
27
1
28
SOCIAL WORK
99
110
209
LIBRARY AND ARCHIVAL SCIENCE
24
38
62
PROFESSIONAL FIELDS, OTHER
20
3
23
SOURCE: NRC, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personno'
Doctorate Records File.
FOUNDATIONS: SOCIAL, PHILOS
121
87
208
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
209
236
445
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, GENERAL
60
120
180
SECONDARY-EDUCATION, GENERAL
76
60
136
HIGHER EDUCATION
392
279
671
ADULT EDUC AND EXTENSION EDUC
125
108
233
EDUCATION MEAS AND STATISTICS
49
41
90
CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION
366
448
814
EDUCATIONAL'ADMIN AND SUPERVISION
1039
614
1653
GUIDANCE, COUNS,STUDENT PERSONNEL
296
253
549
SPECIAL ED (GIFTED,HANDICAPPED,ETC)
116
195
313
AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA
48
29
77
TEACHING FIELDS
AGRICULTURE
38
4
42
ART
27
36
63
BUSINESS
28
22
50
EARLY CHILDHOOD
11
19
90
ENGLISH
24
39
63
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
10
18
28
HOME ECONOMICS
25
25
INDUSTRIAL ARTS
25
2
27
MATHEMATICS
37
25
62
MUSIC
48
28
76
NURSING
23
23
PHYS ED, HEALTH, AND REC
218
149
367
READING
36
157
193
SCIENCE
71
36
107
SOCIAL SCIENCE
34
15
49
SPEECH
3
9
12
VOCATIONAL
135
78
213
OTHER TEACHING FIELDS
17
15
32
EDUCATION; GENERAL
205
202
407
EDUCATION, OTHER
89
102
191
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
TABLE 1A
NUMBER OF DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY CITIZENSHIP, RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP, AND SUBFIELD, 1981
TOTAL
DOCTORATES
NON-U.S.
CITIZENS
TEMP.
VISAS
U.S. CITIZENS AND NON-U.S. WITH PERMANENT VISAS
RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPI/
IQIAL ALL EIEL95
EdIS"AL IM UM
OTHER
AMER. PUERTO MEX- HIS- OTHER
TOTAL IND. ASIAN BLACK WHITE RICAN ICAN PANIC & UNK
MATHEMATICS
ALGEBRA
54
14
40
2
37
ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
105
30
75
4
3
67
GEOMETRY
29
2
27
2
23
LOGIC
18
1
17
NUMBER THEORY
24
3
21
PROBABILITY, MATH STATISTICS
163
50
112
TOPOLOGY
55
10
45
40
COMPUTING THEORY AND PRACTICE
16
3
13
11
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
35
13
20
2
17
APPLIED
118
27
90
11
73
MATHEMATICS, GENERAL
8C
24
41
1
4
1
29
MATHEMATICS, OTHER
31
9
22
2
18
ASTRONOMY
50
5
44
39
ASTROPHYSICS
59
3
56
1
1
50
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR
65
11
53
3
1
44
ACOUSTICS
13
12
2
9
FLUIDS
14
5
9
1
8
PLASMA
65
.10
55
4
1
46
OPTICS
54
11
41
4
34
THERMAL
7
3
4
1
3
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
117
21
96
4
1
78
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE
62
16
46
1
39
SOLID STATE
250
56
193
15
163
PHYSICS, GENERAL
172
48
83
15
2
53
PHYSICS, OTHER
87
10
76
4
65
ANALYTICAL
229
209
1
8
1
189
INORGANIC
188
168
7
5
144
3
ORGANIC
490
427
30
3
376
3
NUCLEAR
12
11
9
PHYSICAL
275
239
13
2
206
THEORETICAL
33
27
1
25
PHARMACEUTICAL
52
44
3
1
36
POLYMER
61
39
14
25
CHEMISTRY, GENERAL
197
100
6
6
60
2
CHEMISTRY, OTHER
74
62
9
51
MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY
27
GEOCHEMISTRY
47
STRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENTATION
37
PALEONTOLOGY
19
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
27
GEOPHYSICS (SOLID EARTH)
58
GEOMORPHOL, GLACIAL GEOLOGY
12
12
HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES
12
12
OCEAONOGRAPHY
63
56
MARINE SCIENCES, OTHER
27
27
ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
14
1
12
ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS
23
2
21
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, OTHER
19
1
18
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, GENERAL
27
1
1
25
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, OTHER
18
1
17
APPL GEOL, GEOL ENG, ECON GEOL
16
16
EARTH SCIENCES, GENERAL
28
20
EARTH SCIENCES, OTHER
12
11
1/For more detailed explanation of racial/ethnic groups see item 8 on questionnaire on page 42.
Z/Includes 1,133 individuals who did not report their citizenship at time of doctorate.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-00530R000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
NON-
U . S.
U.S.
CITIZENS AND NON-U.S.. WITH PERMANENT
RACIAL/ETHNIC.GROUP~W
VISAS
TOTAL
CITI
TE
ZENS
MP.
AMER...
PUERTO
HEX-
OTHER
HIS- OTHER
1 O C.TO RAT ES
VI
SAS
T
OTAL
IND..
ASIAN
BLACK
WHITE
RICAN
ICAN
PANIC &
UNK
AERONAUTICAL AND ASTRONAUTICAL 97
35
56
6
4.6
AGRICULTURAL 62
41
21
3
17
BIOMEDICAL 63
6
57
6
1
46
CIVIL 287 .
135
139
1
26
3
100
2
2
5
CHEMICAL 296
112
171
42
2
122
1
4
CERAMIC 24
8
16
3
13
COMPUTER 71
24
46
16
30
ELECTRICAL 411
134
251
50
6
182
13
ELECTRONICS 67
15
51
6
1
41
1
1
1
INDUSTRIAL 66
20
42
6
33
1
2
NUCLEAR 130
49
75
15
1
55
4
ENGINEERING MECHANICS 78
30
45
7
1
34
3
ENGINEERING PHYSICS 22
7
15
3
12
MECHANICAL 282
114
156
2
36
1
110
1
2
4
METALLURGY AND PHYSICAL MET 99
50
46
1
15
29
1
SYSTEMS DESIGN, SYSTEMS SCIENCE 68
27
39
3
1
32
1
2
OPERATIONS RESEARCH 80
31
49
10
38
FUEL TECH, PETROLEzUM 21
13
6
2
1
3
SANITARY AND ENVIRONMENTAL 71
MINING
17
53
2
1
46
2
1
1
8
MATERIALS SCIENCE 1113
1
35
6
73
1
18
5
51
4
ENGINEERING, GENERAL 37
8
15
3
12
ENGIN'EER.ING, OTHER 75
31
39
3
35
3397
252
3058
6
136
47'
2691
6
11
22
139
BIOCHEMISTRY 644
43
584
1
37
9
509
2
4
22
BIOPHYSICS 99
13
85
3
78
1
3
BIOMETRICS, BIOSTATISTICS 48
7
40
2
36
2
ANATOMY 156
4
148
3
1
138
2
4
CYTOLOGY 47
4
42
1
38
1
2
EMBRYOLOGY 20
1
19
1
3
15
IMMUNOLOGY 149
6
142
11
2
124
1
1
3
BOTANY 147
12
128
1
3
1
116.
1
6
ECOLOGY 197
10
184
4
169
1
1
1
8
MICROBIOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY 353
32
314
1
16
7
268
2
2
2
16
PHYSICLOGY, ANIMAL 327
14
311
1
10
2
283
1
1
2
11
PHYSIOLOGY, PLANT 68
11
56
2
49
1
4
ZOOLOGY 197
11
180
3
3
167
1
1
5
GENETICS 157
15
140
5
128
2
5
ENTOMOLOGY 143
26
115
1
9
97
2
1
5
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 185
7
174
5
3
153
1
2
10
NUTRITION AND/OR DIETETICS 99
14
81
1
4
7
61
8
BIOL SCIENCES, GENERAL 207
13
177
14
5
138
1
19
BIOL SCIENCES, QT;H'ER 154
9
138
4
3
124
1
6
AGRONOMY 177
60
113
3
105
1
2
2
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 168
64
103
1
4
7
84
2
5
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 19
4
15
1
13
1
FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 104
49
53
6
1
39
3
4
FI:S'H AND WILDLIFE 66
2
62
58
1
3
FORESTRY
95
21
70
3
2
63
1
1
HORTICULTURE
85
32
48
3
1
40
1
1
2
SOILS AND SOIL SCIENCE
90
39
48
2
3
39
1
3
ANIMAL SCIENCE AND ANIMAL
NUTRITION 149
54
89
1
4
2
77
2
3
PHY TOP A TH OLOGY
99
27
71
2
1
65
1
2
AGRICULTURE, GENERAL
5
4
1
1
AGRICULTURE, OTHER
93
32
58
1
1
51
5
914
88
802
3
47
15
695
2
1
3
36
PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY 155
13
140
2
4
126
1
7
VETERINARY MEDICINE
41
14
25
24
1
NURSING
87
4
83
1
3
77
1
1
PARASITOLOGY
18
3
14
12
1
1
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
43
3
38
1
1
3
32
1
PATHOLOGY
106
16
85
4
77
4
PHARMACOLOGY
28C
16
259
16
3
226
1
13
PHARMACY
69
6
62
20
2
34
1
5
MEDICAL SCIENCES, GENERAL
24
23
1
1
19
2
MEDICAL SCIENCES, OTHER
91
13
73
1
2
68
2
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
30
TOTAL
SUBFIELD OF DOCTORATE COCTORATES
NON-U.S.
CITIZENS
TEMP.
VISAS
U.S. CITIZENS AND NON-U.S. WITH PERMANENT VISAS
RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP I/
OTHER
AMER. PUERTO MEX- HIS- OTHER
TOTAL IND. ASIAN BLACK WHITE RICAN ICAN PANIC 8 UNK
ANTHROPOLOGY 369
25 329 1 4 7 283 1 3 5 25
COMMUNICATIONS 221
16 198 5 10 178 1 4
SOCIOLOGY 603
69 520 18 25 444 2 11 2 18
ECONOMICS 807
199 575 2 32 16 477 2 2 8 36
ECONOMETRICS 17
5 12 3 9
STATISTICS 39
18 20 3 17
GEOGRAPHY 109
20 85 4 2 71 1 1 6
AREA STUDIES 2C
5 13 1 1 10 1
POLITICAL SCIENCE 445
52 373 15 25 305 1 7 20
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 147
18 107 1 3 9 88 1 5
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 87
16 64 1 4 54 1 4
CRIMINOLOGY 35
34 - 33 1
URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING 94
26 56 2 4 45 1 2 2
SOCIAL SCIENCES, GENERAL 22
4 16 1 14 1
SOCIAL SCIENCES, OTHER 133
19 107 3 6 91 1 1 5
CLINICAL 1256
13 1218 5 13 55 1086 6 8 16 29
COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE 351
10 340 6 17 307 1 3 3 3
DEVELOP AND GERONTOL 200
3 197 2 2 187- 1 5
EDUCATIONAL 180
4 174 1 2 2 159 2 3 5
SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 133
1 130 1 2 120 2 1 4
EXPERIMENTAL 282
9 271 1 4 3 257 2 1 3
COMPARATIVE 11
11 10 1
PHYSIOLOGICAL 102
3 98 3 1 92 1 1
INDUSTRIAL AND PERSONNEL 87
2 85 1 1 4 75 1 3
PERSONALITY 49
1 48 1 3 43 1
PSYCHOMETRICS 27
3 24 24
SOCIAL 180
7 170 1 9 153 3 1 3
PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL 283
10 209 3 9 167 1 3 2 24
PSYCHOLOGY, OTHER 216
14 178 2 4 6 161 1 3 1
ART, HISTORY AND CRITICISM 157
8 143 2 2 134 1 4
HISTORY, AMERIC
AN 227
5 222 2 13 193 2 1 11
HISTORY, EUROPE
AN 164
3 161 1 2 1 149 1 2 5
HISTORY, OTHER
274
34 219 1 4 8 177 4 2 7 16
HISTORY AND PHI
LOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 26
4 22 19 3
AMERICAN STUDIE
S 87
3 82 1 2 5 70 4
THEATRE AND THE
ATRE CRITICISM 103
3 97 5 90 1 1
MUSIC
368
15 319 1 8 8 294 1 7
SPEECH AS A DRAMATIC ART 37
34 1 30 1 2
ARCHEOLOGY
28
27 26 1
RELIGION
161
8 150 1 5 8 125 1 10
PHILOSOPHY
277
19 252 1 4 5 225 2 1 14
LINGUISTICS
176
47 120 5 2 105 1 1 1 5
COMPARATIVE LIT
ERATURE 132
8 114 1 1 3 99 1 6 3
AMERICAN 146
8 138 1 10 122 5
ENGLISH 670
26 620 3 8 10 571 1 1 2 24
GERMAN 89
3 81 80 1
RUSSIAN 27
1 26 25 1
FRENCH 167
6 158 1 9 143 S
SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE 184
13 166 3 1 99 13 8 40 2
ITALIAN 16
1 15 14 1
CLASSICAL 62
3 57 1 54 2
OTHER LANGUAGES 96
13 68 8 51 1 1 7
HUMANITIES, GENERAL 23
23 1 19 3
HUMANITIES, OTHER 48
3 44 2 40 2
THEOLOGY 201
14 183 3 162 4 14
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 622
92 495 1 29 16 420 3 2 24
HOME ECONOMICS 85
6 79 1 74 1 3
JOURNALISM 18
5 13 1 11 1
SPEECH AND HEARING SCIENCES 140
139 2 2 10 120 1 4
LAW, JURISPRUDENCE 28
11 15 1 13 1
SOCIAL WORK 209
15 185 6 25 136 4 3 2 9
LIBRARY AND ARCHIVAL SCIENCE 62
14 48 1 7 35 1 4
PROFESSIONAL FIELDS, OTHER 23
7 15 1 13 1
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
31
TOTAL
DOCTORATES
NON-U.S.
CITIZENS
TEMP.
VISAS
U.S. CITIZENS AND NON-U.S. WITH PERMANENT VISAS
RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP'
OTHER
AMER. PUERTO HEX- HIS- OTHER
TOTAL IND. ASIAN BLACK WHITE RICAN ICAN PANIC & UNK
Z492 526 6625 42 112 212 5241 32 Z4 46 224
FOUNDATIONS: SOCIAL. PHILOS
208
29
165
1
6
13
130
1
2
3
9
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
445
23
415
2
13
21
362
4
2
4
7
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, GENERAL
180
4
164
1
1
9
141
1
2 .
9
SECONDARY EDUCATION, GENERAL
136.
14
109
2
6
96
1
4
HIGHER EDUCATION
671
39
628
4
11
80
494
3
9
5
22
ADULT EDUC AND EXTENSION EDUC
233
21
210
1
2
19
183
1
1
3
EDUCATION MEAS AND STATISTICS
90
11
77
1
4
2
68
1
1
CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION
814
69
739
3
11
61
607
6
20
4
27
EDUCATIONAL AOMIN AND SUPERVISION
1653
88
1542
19
17
190
1239
7
17
6
47
GUIDANCE, COUNS, STUDENT PERSONNEL
549
14
524
1
7
35
457
3
4
2
15
SPECIAL ED (GIFTED,HANDICAPPED, ETC)
313
9
301
1
3
9
275
3
1
1
8
AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA
77
13
64
. 2
1
60
1
TEACHING FIELDS
1522
136
1354
5
24
104
1154
8
13
7
39
AGRICULTURE
42
9
32
2
3
25
1
1
ART
63
8
55
3
51
1
BUSINESS
50
8
42
42
EARLY CHILDHOOD
90
2
82
1
1
9
66
1
1
1
2
ENGLISH
63
7
55
2
4
49
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
28
5
21
1
1
15
1
1
1
1
HOME ECONOMICS
25
3
22
1
5
16
INDUSTRIAL ARTS
27
1
25
2
21
2
MATHEMATICS
62
8
53
1
1
4
47
MUSIC
76
4
67
1
4
56
6
NURSING
23
1
22
1
1
19
1
PHYS ED, HEALTH, AND REC
367
36
324
1
7
18
275
2
2
4
15
READING
193
6
182
10
163
1
2
6
SCIENCE
107
23
84
2
2
12
67
1
SOCIAL SCIENCE
49
4
45
1
4
39
1
SPEECH
12
12
1
10
1
VOCATIONAL
213
10
200
3
20
172
1
1
3
OTHER TEACHING FIELDS
32
1
31
1
3
21
5
1
EDUCATION, GENERAL
407
38
237
2
6
23
176
4
3
23
EDUCATION, OTHER
191
18
166
1
10
16
119
2
2
6
10
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TABLE '2 if
STATISTICAL PROFILE OF DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY FIELD OF DOCTORATE, 1981-
1981
TOTAL
Z
QY
~
O
~Z
O
NC
iti
6 Q
Y
1'
H
N
=
U
Q U
1- w
Z U
W Z
E W
Z ~-+
O U
1'IA
7 W
ZZ
W C
?~
S
H
wZ
Q
MALE X 68.5
92.8
85.4
90.4
FEMALE 31.5
7.2
14.6
9.6
U.S. CITIZENSHIP X 79.8
70.4
76.5
80.9
FOREIGN CITIZENSHIP 16.6
24.9
20.5
17.2
UNKNOWN 3.6
4.6
2.9
1.9
MARRIED X 60.1
500
.
52.8
595
.
NOT'MARRIED 34. 7
43
.6
42.8
37
.5
UNKNOWN 5.2
6.4
4.5
3.1
MEDIAN AGE AT DOCTORATE 32.4
29.1
28.3
30.9
PERCENT WITH BACC IN
SAME- FIELD AS DOCTORATE 53.3
80.5
84.6
47.8
MEDIAN TIME LAPSE
FROM BACC TO DOLT
TOTAL TIME YRS 9.4
7.0
6.0
8.3
REGISTERED TIME 6.4
6.2
5.2
6.4
POSTDOCTORAL STUDY PLANS % 18.3
45.5
38.4
29.2
FELLOWSHIP 8.9
16.4
16.1
9.3
,RESEARCH ASSOC 6.7
I TRAINEESHIP 1
0
28.5
2
20.4
8
19.1
2
.
OTHER 1.7
.
.5
.
1.1
.
.7
PLANNED EMPLOYMENT
AFTER DOCTORATE X 75.4
46.9
55.5
66.3
EOUC INSTITUTION 44.3
10.0
7.4
21.5
INDUSTRY/BUSINESS 14.2
GOVERNMENT 8
8
26.4
7
8
42.4
3
6
27.7
14
9
.
NONPROFIT 4.7
.
.7
.
1.1
.
.2
'OTHER & UNKNOWN 3.4
2.1
1.1
2.1
POSTDOCT STATUS UNKN X 6.3
7.6
6.1
4.5
DEFINITE POSTDOCTORAL STUDY 13.4
36.1
30.0
21.3
SEEKING POSTDOCTORAL STUDY 4.9
9.5
8.4
7.9
DEFINITE EMPLOYMENT 56.0
35.4
46.7
54.6
SEEKING EMPLOYMENT 19.5
11.5
8.8
11.7
EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITY
AFTER' DOCTORATE
PRIMARY ACTIVITY
R.& 0 X 26.2
76.6
82.6
56.0
TEACHING 39.7
15.9
9.8
22.6
ADMINISTRATION 14.2
1.4
1.6
3.8
PROF. SERVICES .12.1
1.7
2.5
6.6
OTHER 2.9
1.7
1.1
7.2
ACTIVITY UNKNOWN 4.8
2.8
2.4
3.8
SECONDARY ACTIVITY
R'& D 25.2
13.9
7.7
25.5
TEACHING 11.9
4.2
3.1
8.5
ADMINISTRATION 9.7
7.8
14.9
11.0
PROF. SERVICES 7.7
4.2
6.1
8.8
OTHER 2.0
1.7
1.2
1.6
NO SECONDARY ACTIVITY 38.6
65.5
64.6
40.9
UNKNOWN 4.8.
2.8
2.4
3.8
REGION OF EMPLOYMENT
AFTER DOCTORATE
NEW ENGLAND % 6.5
7.8
4.9
4.4
MIDDLE ATLANTIC 15.1
20.6
25.3
8.2
EAST NO CENTRAL 13.9
8.1
18.0
6.6
WEST NO CENTRAL 6.2
2.8
3.5
2.8
SOUTH ATLANTIC 15.3
9.2
15.8
12.3
EAST SO CENTRAL 4.3
1.9
3.2
2.2
WEST SO CENTRAL 8.2
7.8
10.1
20.8
MOUNTAIN 4.6
8.6
2.5
13.2
PACIFIC & INSULAR 11.3
22.8
9.3
17.3
FOREIGN 9.0
7.2
3.7
8.8
REGION UNKNOWN 5.5
3.1
3.7
3.5
88.7
11.3
75.4
21.3
3.3
53.1
42.1
4.8
29.0
76.6
6.7
5.7
39.0
14.9
22.7
.5
.8
54.7
10.8
34.7
7.0
.8
1.6
6.3
30.4
8.6
44.5
10.2
75.2
14.2
2.0
3.2
2.6
2.8
13.2
4.5
12.2
6.2
1.4
59.6
2.8
U
F-
Q
f
W
S
r
~
W H
W
HU
OZ
SW
sue.
ou
U N
t7
Z
C
W
Z
r
~
.z
O
W
LL
d
U
W
2
g
S
U
o
m
V
O
N
W
UZ
~-.-
au
4) N
U
Z
r
d'U
WN
xo
r..
O O]
W
U
W
r.
U
0
a)
w
QU
UW
0~-?
v
E /~
Q
K
~ W
OU
~U.w
~~
co c.a
Q IA
84.6
88.8
96.1
91.0
70.7
70.6
71.5
71.0
66.1
'87.2
15.4'
11.2
3.9
9.0
29.3
29.4
28.5
29.0
33.9
12.8
65.9
72.4
46.2
63.3
85.'9
89.2
84.8
,86 .8
82.6
59.6
31.5
25.9
49.1
33.1
11.5
9.3
11.6
'10.7
14.8
37.7
2.6
1.7
4.7
3.7
2.6
1.5
3.5
2.6.
2.6
2.7
49.7
54.3
61.6
56.0
51.9
54.9
55.8
54.7
59.1
73.'0
46.0
41.4
32.7
38.9
44.6
42.0
38.9
41.2
36.3
23.1
4.3
4.3
5.8
5.1
3.6
3.1
5.3
4.1
4.6
3.8
2'9.2
30.1
30.5
29.6
28.5
29.3
30.2
29.5
31.2
31.7
80.2
13.8
74.1
73.9
22.0
18.9
66.3
39.3
26.7
55.8
6.9
7.7
7.9
7.2
6.4
6.7
7.6
7.0
8.3
8.0
5.9
6.2 .
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
6.3
6.0
6.0
5.6
15.2
6.5
13.1
25.5
78.3
75.5
47.3 .
64.3
42.0
13.7
6.7
2.2
3.7
9.3
45.3
46.0
24.6
36.9
24.4
3.9
5.8
3.0
7.6
14.5
25.2
18.9
17.9
19.7
8.8
8.9
1.4
.9
1.5
1.0
2.2
2.1
1.3
1.8
1.8
.8
1.4
.4
.4
.7
5.6
8.5
3.5
5.9
7.1
.1
78.8
90.1
80.2
68.2
16.5
20.6
45.4
30.2
53.2
80.5
53.7
46.6
24.7
21.9
5.4
11.1
28.4
17.2
27.4
42.2
18.0
35.3
42.6
35.9
7.9
5.5
7.0
6.6
11.5
15.1
5.1
4.7
9.6
7.7
2.0
2.5
6.8
4.2
7.2
16.4
.8
.4
1?.6
1.1
.5
.7
1.6
1.0
4.2
1.9
1.2
3.0
1.7
1.6
.6
.9
1.7
1.2
3.0
4.9
5.9
3.4
6..,7
6.3
5.3
3.9
7.3
5.6
4.8
5.8
10.0
4.3
8.1
18.8
65.1
63.0
35.1
51.8
32.1
8.2
5.2
2.2
5.0
6.7
13.2
12.5
12.2
12.5
10.0
5.5
62.0
72.0
61.9
53.9
11.6
14.3
30.3
20.5
40.2
59.4
16.9
18.1
18.3
14.3
4.8
6.3
15.1
9.7
13.0
21.1
42.6
60.5
62.6
65.0
72.0
48.7
43.7
48.1
41.1
57.2
49.4
29.3
22.1
22.7
12.0
29.3
37.7
32.6
33.5
23.1
1.1
3.0
2.4
2.1
4.0
4.7
5.6
5.2
9.5
2.6
3.1
2.4
5.4
4..1
8.0
11.5
7.2
8.5
9.5
4.2
1.6
1.8
2.6
2.4
1.3
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.2
5.6
2.2
3.0
4.9
3.7
2.7
3.7
3.5
3-.4
4.1
7.2
42.1
29.3
21.4
21.1
13.3
23.0
33.5
28.4
27.8
19.8
19.7
20.4
11.3
10.1
14.7
18..8
18.4
18.1
16.3
19.6
3.5
4.2
8.8
9.3
16.0
10.5
6.3
8.5
16.1
10.0
3.3
2.4
6.8
5.9
1.3
4.7
6.7
5.6
7.4
6.6
.7
.0
1.4
1.2
.0
.5
1.2
.9
.5
1.5
28.4
40.7
45.4
48.6
52.0
38.7
30.5
.35,.1
27.8
35-.4
2.2
3.0
4.9
3.7
2.7
3.7
3.5
3.4
4.1
7.2
5.5
8.4
10.8
6.3
6.5
6.7
5.8
6.0
6.0
4.4
2?.2
20.3
15.7
19.2
16.9
18.2
18.7
14.7
10.9
12.8
16.6
5.7
12.9
17.1
5.4
11.9
12.7
12.0
17.3
8.4
11.2
16.3
8.6
3.1
3.8
4.8
3.3
3.4
2.7
'7.9
7.0
6.8
6.8
10. 0
13.4
13.5
12.0
11.6
12.5
20.0
13.6
17.4
16.7
16.1
12..3
2.7
4.2
.1.2
2.9
2.9
5.3
3.1
5.3
4.7
3.3
'4.7
11.9
9.3
10.2
8.4
10.0
5.3
10.5
9.8
9.5
7.9
5.9
6.4
3.3
4.2
5.2
5.4
2.7
4.7
5.3
4.9
2.7
5.6
14.5
10.9
21.6
15.8
14.9
16.0
9.9
13.7
12.9
10.6
9.4
5.7
10.4
7.8
13.5
9.8
9.3
9.9
13.5
12.1
9.5
32.1
3.5
3.3
3.0
4.2
3.7
1.3
2.6
2.6
2.4
5-.7
3..7
1/Refer to explanatory note on page 24 and the description of doctoral fields inside back cover.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP9O-0053OR000300610001-6
>
.ZJ
J
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OO
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73.6
56.2
87.7
59.5
80.1
68.4
64.4
76.6
71.9
48.2
46.5
63.2
58.7
69.5
528
.
564
.
77.1
26.4
43.8
12.3
40.5
19.9
31.6
35.6
23.4
t8.1
51.8
53.5
36.8
41.3
30.5
47
.2
43
.6
22.9
80.3
92.5
64.1
83.5
75.6
74.6 .
84.0
75.5
87.4
90.8
78.6
85.2
85.7
79.6
87.7
86.2
17.1
3.8
31.9
13.5
17.2
20.1
11.9
21.0
9.6
6.3
16.7
9.9
10.2
16.6
8.8
10.1
2.6
3.7
4.0
3.0
7.2
5.3
4.2
3.5
3.0
2.9
4.7
4.9
4.1
3.7
3.6
3.7
59.3
53.8
58.9
59.2
59.4
61.4
56.6
57.2
60.6
57.6
54.9
56.0
57.0
66.1
67.9
64.5
36.6
41.0
35.0
35.6
31.2
31.9
37.5
37.7
33.4
37.6
37.9
36.8
36.5
27.8
27.3
30.1
4.1
5.2
6.2
5.2
9.4
6.7
5.9
5.1
5.9
4.8
7.2
7.2
6.4
6.1
4.8
5.4
40.7
66.5
63.0
60.3
49.0
26.3
59.1
59.0
63.5
77.3
59.8
52.1
61.0
34.6
38.9
45.0
61.0
81.4
77.4
87.3
89.2
90.9
83.6
72.3
89.3
89.1
85.0
86.1
87.2
91.9
95.7
92.8
7.3
8.4
8.0
10.0
10.4
10.1
9.0
7.8
11.0
10.9
10.9
10.6
10.8
11.1
13.5
12.3
5.9
6.3
6.1
7.5
7.0
6.2
6.5
6.0
8.3
7.7
7.8
7.4
7.7
6.6 .
7.0
7.2
49.9
17.5
4.2
12.9
6.3
4.6
12.6
28.1
7.7
2.8
5.6
5.9
5.5
1.9
3.2
3.8
27.9
9.6
1.8
6.9
3.2
1.5
6.7
13.9
4.2
1.5
2.2
2.6
2.6
.9
1.0
1.5
15.6
3.1
1.3
4.1
1.8
1.9
2.8
10.7
1.3
.1
1.2
.9
.9
.6
.9
.9
1.6
3.1
.5
.1
.4
.3
1.7
1.4
.3
.0
.0
.3
.2
.3
.6
.4
4.9
1.7
.6
1.7
.9
.9
1.4
2.2
1.9
1.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
.1
.7
1.0
44.6
76.7
89.7
80.8
83.2
87..2
80.7
65.7
85.7
89.8
86.4
85.5
86.6
91.6
91.1
89.8
24.2
29.8
55.7
55.8
46.5
54.2
41.2
29.3
59.9
74.8
70.2
65.9
67.5
65.1
66.3
66.5
9.2
12.7
11.2
6.0
8.5
13.1
11.1
19.4
8.7
7.5
5.9
6.3
6.9
8.9
5.8
6.5
7.3
14.7
14.9
7.7
18.0
10.8
13.7
9.6
7.5
1.5
2.3
2.8
3.3
5.4
10.2
7.6
1.7
13.8
4.2
.6.2
4.7
4.5
9.5
4.2
4.9
1.1
1.1
6.6
4.2
10.5
5.0
5.3
2.3
5.7
3.6
5.1
5.4
4.6
5.2
3.1
4.6
5.0
6.9
3.8
4.7
1.7
3.9
3.9
5.5
5.8
6.1
6.4
10.5
8.2
6.7
6.2
6.7
7.4
8.0
8.6'
7.9
6.4
5.7
6.4
39.3
12.7
2.8
8.1
4.1
1.9
8.8
21.3
3.8
1.0
2.7
2.8
2.5
1.1
1.6
1.8
10.6
4.7
1.5
4.7
2.2
.2.7
3.8
6.8
3.9
1.8
3.0
3.1
3.0
.9
1.6
1.9
32.0
54.3
77.4
55.8
62.3
64.5
59.3
49.4
56.4
59.6
57.1
56.8
57.4
77.5
67.6
65.6
12.7
22.4
12.3
25.0
20.9
22.7
21.4
16.3
29.2
3.0.3
29.3
28.7
29.2
14.1
23.5
24.2
50.2
16.2
37.1
27.9
16.1
21.4
21.9
44.1
8.2
2.5
3.3
5.6
5.0
11.2
5.9
6.4
29.1
21.0
44.7
55.4
47.3
56.7
36.6
29.8
64.1
81.3
77.9
73.2
74.2
59.0
39.1
50.8
5.1
6.8
5.5
5.7
18.4
7.8
7.8
5.1
9.2
5.3
4.9
6.4
6.4
9.6
35.2
24.4
7.0
50.7
3.6
4.8
5.2
6.7
26.6
14.1
5.9
3.1
3.6
6.5
5.1
12.3
11.5
9.9
3.5
1.9
4.1
2.4
5.9
3.7
3.0
2.9
8.2
4.7
2.7
5.0
5.1
3.2
1.8
2.8
5.0
3.3
5.0
3.9
7.1
3.7
4.1
4.1
4.4
3.1
7.7
3.3
4.2
4.8
6.4
5.6
24.9
24.1
37.6
38.7
30.0
37.3
30.5
25.8
32.6
32.3
40.4
33.2
34.1
38.1
17.6
24.5
18.3
16.7
16.1
12.2
8.0
10.6
14.4
13.4
5.9
4.5
4.9
7.6
6.1
12.4
11.5
10.2
10.7
11.6
6.1
7.9
12.5
12.0
10.3
10.0
7.7
9.9
6.0
9.8
8.8
8.1
10.0
9.5
6.4
9.1
3.4
3.1
4.7
7.6
6.7
6.3
2.1
1.9
2.7
6.8
4.1
8.5
11.6
9.2
1.0
2.6
.8
1.1
1.7
.9
1.8
1.4
2.8
3.3
2.2
6.1
4.2
1.8
2.3
2.7
33.7
32.5
30.9
33.0
35.9
27.9
32.2
38.9
44.6
45.1
36.1
33.2
38.4
26.4
40.7
38.2
5.0
3.3
5.0
3.9
7.1
3.7
4.1
4.1
4.4
3.1
7.7
3.3
4.2
4.8
6.4
5.6
4.2
7.4
7.7
9.2
8.3
3.5
7.4
6.4
7.2
8.2
12.6
7.7
8.6
4.8
6.0
6.5
10.8
19.5
16.8
16.6
15.8
12.7
17.5
16.5
14.6
16.5
15.8
15.2
15.5
12.6
13.1
13.6
11.3
16.3
12.7
13.5
7.8
15.4
14.3
13.1
11.8
15.0
12.6
13.8
13.5
16.4
15.0
14.8
8.0
6.9
3.9
6.5
3.3
9.2
6.2
5.4
6.2
5.8
6.8
7.8
6.9
7.2
7.2
7.1
14.8
13.8
23.4
16.1
26.7
12.2
16.9
14.8
17.2
16.3
11.7
14.0
14.7
15.7
16.5
15.9
4.4
3.3
2.5
4.2
2.6
4.6
3.4
3.4
2.6
4.1
3.0
6.3
4.6
5.0
5.7
5.3
7.7
7.6
4.2
4.1
5.0
6.5
6.1
7.9
8.5
9.5 .
6.8
8.2
8.3
11.2
8.0
8.5
4.7
3.7
4.4
3.1
3.8
6.0
4.0
4.7
4.1
4.1
4.6
3.2
3.8
3.5
5.2
4.6
11.1
13.4
7.5
10.1
7.3
10.4
11.0
12.5
11.3
8.4
10.7
9.8
9.9
9.9
10.0
10.0
19.4
2.5
13.5
11.6
13.0
13.4
8.01
10.8
9.7
5.8
7.1
8.7
8.0
9.7
5.9
6.9
3.6
5.7
3.4
5.0
6.4
6.2
5.4
4.4
6.9
6.4
8.2
5.3
6.3
3.9
7.5
6.7
j/Statistics are not presented for this group because too few records contained the specified data.
SOURCE: NRC, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Doctorate Records File.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP9O-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TABLE 2 1/
STATISTICAL PROFILE OF DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY FIELD OF DOCTORATE, 1981
1981
TOTAL
O
a>-
~o-
Z
~ O
NF
a?
~'
r
ems-
N
w
u
a v)
f- w
Z U
W
Z ~+
~ N
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~'~
2
KO
wz
a
~w
Z
>.y.
xaN
~
?
F-
?
f
ww
HU
~ Z
~.w+
oc~
caw
U
~
w
Z
Z
w
o
w
C
~
w
S
H
m
U
o
fw
U Z
~~
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K U
20
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om
W
r
U
O
m
_
N
w
UU
O~
E~
FN
OU
U Z
Kti
ain
m"
TOTAL MALE
21447
942
1376
526
2844
616
206
2429'
6095
455
943
1013
2411
604
1003
MALE AS A PERCENT
OF TOTAL DOCTORATES 5
68.5
92.8
85.4
90.4
88.7
84.6
88.8
96.1
91.0
70.7
70.6
71.5
71.0
66.1
87.2
U.S. CITIZENSHIP X
76.1
71.1
76.7
80.6
75.6
64.9
71.8
45.9
62.6
87.3
88.4
84.6
86.6
81.1
58.7
FOREIGN CITIZENSHIP
20.2
24.0
20.4
17.5
21.1
32.3
26.2
49.3
33.6
10.3
10.1
11.5
10.7
16.6
38.8
UNKNOWN
3.7
4.9
2.9
1.9
3.4
2.8
1.9
4.8
3.8
2.4
1.5
3.9
2.7
2.3
2.5
PARRIED %
63.7
49.0
52.9
61.0
53.1
51.3
52.4
61.8
56.4
54.1
58.6
59.9
58.3
65.1
75.4
NOT MARRIED
30.9
44.4
42.4
36.1
41.9
44.8
42.7
32.4
38.4
42.4
38.3
34.3
37.4
30.6
21.0
UNKNOWN
5.3
6.6
4.7 .
2.9
5.0
3.9
4.9
5.8
5.2
3.5
3.1
5.8
4.3
4.3
3.6
PERCENT WITH BACC IN
SAME FIELD AS DOCTORATE
54.7
80.6
84.6
48.3
76.5
79.2
14.1
75.1
74.1
23.7
18.6
65.4
39.2
17.9
58.0
MEDIAN TIME LAPSE
FROM BACC TO DOCT
TOTAL TIME YRS
8.8
7.0
6.0
8.4
6.7
6.9
7.7
7.9
7.2
6.3
6.7
7.5
7.0
7.6
8.1
REGISTERED TIME
6.2
6.2
5.2
6.4
5.7
5.9
6.1
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.9
6.3
6.0
6.0
5.5
POSTDOCTORAL STUDY PLANS %
19.8
45.4
38.7
29.7
39.2
16.6
6.3
13.1
25.4
79.6
75.3
45.3
63.5
47.2
13.2
FELLOWSHIP
9.2
15.8
15.7
8.9
14.5
7.3
2.4
3.7
9.0
45.9
44.0
22.4
35.3
27.8
3.7
RESEARCH ASSOC
7.9
28.9
20.9
19.8
23.3
6.2
2.9
7.6
14.6
24.8
18.8
18.5
19.8
9.4
8.6
TRAINEESHIP
1.0
.2
.8
.2
.5
1.5
.5
1.4
1.0
2.2
2.2
1.3
1.8
1.5
.8
OTHER
1.8
.5
1.3
.8
.9
1.6
.5
.4
.8
6.6
10.3
3.2
6.6
8.4
.1
PLANNED EMPLOYMENT
AFTER DOCTORATE 2
74.0
47.C
55.3
66.7
54.7
77.8
89.8
80.1
68.3
15.8
20.8
47.7
31.1
48.0
81.7
EDUC INSTITUTION
41.3
9.7
7.3
22.1
10.8
52.3
46.1
24.5
21.7
5.5
10.8
29.7
17.8
22.4
42.6
INDUSTRY/BUSINESS
16.6
27.1
42.8
27.6
34.8
18.5
35.4
42.7
36.3
8.6
5.9
6.8
6.8
13.9
15.6
GOVERNMENT
9.4
8.0
3.2
14.8
6.9
5.2
4.9
9.7
7.8
1.1
2.7
8.0
4.6
6.5
16.8
NONPROFIT
4.3
.6
1.0
.2
.7
.8
.5
1.6
1.1
.7
.7
1.6
1.1
3.3
1.8
OTHER
& UNKNOWN
2.4
1.7
.9
2.1
1.4
1.0
2.9
1.7
1.5
.0
.6
1.6
.9
2.0
4.9
POSTDOCT
STATUS UNKN 5
6.2
7.5
6.0
3.6
6.1
5.7
3.9
6.8
6.3
4.6
3.9
7.0
5.4
4.8
5.2
DEFINITE
POSTDOCTORAL STUDY
14.8
36.1
29.7
21.7
30.3
11.2
3.9
8.1
18.6
66.4
63.1
33.9
51.4
37.1
7.8
SEEKING
POSTDOCTORAL STUDY
5.0
9.3
8.9
8.0
8.9
5.4
2.4
5.0
6.8
13.2
12.2
11.5
12.1
10.1
5.4
DEFINITE
EMPLOYMENT
56.9
35.7
46.7
55.1
44.6
61.5
72.8
61.8
54.1
11.6
14.7
32.9
21.8
35.9
61.6
SEEKING
EMPLOYMENT
17.2
11.4
8.6
11.6
10.1
16.2
17.0
18.4
14.2
4.2
6.0
14.8
9.4
12.1
20.0
EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITY
AFTER DOCTORATE
PRIMARY ACTIVITY
R & D X
31.3
76.2
82.4
55.5
74.6
43.8
62.7
62.7
65.1
69.8
47.5
47.4
49.7
48.4
57.4
TEACHING
36.6
16.1
10.1
23.4
14.7
47.8
26.7
21.7
22.2
11.3
25.9
35.1
30.3
24.9
22.5
ADMINISTRATION
13.4
1.5
1.4
3.4
1.9
1.3
3.3
2.5
2.2
3.8
5.0
5.4
5.1
9.7
2.8
PROF. SERVICES
10.9
1.5
2.6
6.9
3.3
3.2
2.7
5.5
4.2
9.4
14.4
6.6
9.0
9.7
4.4
OTHER
3.0
1.8
.8
7.2
2.5
1.8
2.0
2.7
2.5
1.9
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.8
5.7
ACTIVITY UNKNOWN
4.9
3.0
2.6
3.4
2.9
2.1
2.7
4.9
3.7
3.8
5.0
3.3
3.8
4.6
7.3
SECONDARY ACTIVITY
R & 0
24.5
14.0
7.9
26.6
13.8
40.9
27.3
21.1
20.9
13.2
22.3
33.0
28.2
24.4
18.8
TEACHING
12.1
3.9
3.4
9.0
4.8
20.3
22.0
11.5
10.4
13.2
18.0
19.5
18.5
16.1
20.4
ADMINISTRATION
9.9
8.0
15.9
11.0
12.7
4.2
4.7
9.1
9.7
18.9
10.1
6.3
8.6
15.7
10.0
PROF. SERVICES
T
R
7.2
1
8
4.2
1
8
5.9
1
4
8.6
4
1
6.1
1
5
3.4
5
2.7
0
6.9
1
5
6.0
1.3
1.9
.0
3.6
.7
7.2
1.5
5.7
1.1
6.0
.5
6.8
1.6
HE
O
NO SECONDARY ACTIVITY
.
39.6
.
65.2
.
62.8
.
40.0
.
58.2
.
28.5
.
40.7
.
45.1
48.0
49.1 .
40.3
29.1
34.1
32.7
35.1
UNKNOWN
4.9
3.0
2.6
3.4
2.9
2.1
2.7
4.9
3.7
3.8
5.0
3.3
3.8
4.6
7.3
REGION
AFTER
NEW
OF EMPLOYMENT
DOCTORATE
ENGLAND 5
6.2
7.4
5.0
4.1
5.4
7.9
11.3
6.1
6.3
5.7
5.0
6.3
5.9
4.6
1.9
MIDDLE ATLANTIC
14.6
19.6
24.6
7.2
19.3
15.6
20.7
16.5
17.7
17.0
15.8
10.5
12.6
13.8
4.9
EAST NO CENTRAL
13.6
8.0
18.4
7.2
13.1
18.2
5.3
12.1
12.9
11.3
17.3
7.5
10.5
18.0
9.5
WEST NO CENTRAL
6.2
3.0
3.3
2.4
3.0
4.0
4.7
3.3
3.3
3.8
7.2
6.3
6.3
6.5
10.2
SOUTH ATLANTIC
14.7
9.5
15.6
12.8
13.3
13.2
11.3
11.7
12.5
17.0
12.2
17.4
16.0
17.1
12.1
EAST SO CENTRAL
4.3
2.1
3.4
2.4
2.8
4.0
1.3
3.0
3.0
5.7
2.9
6.0
5.1
4.1
4.7
WEST SO CENTRAL
8.2
7.7
11.4
20.7
12.5
8.7
7.3
8.5
10.0
5.7
10.1
9.0
9.0
9.2
5.5
7
MOUNTAIN
4.9
8.6
2.6
14.1
6.9
3.7
4.0
5.4
5.7
1.9
6.5
4.8
5.0
1.4
5.
PACIFIC & INSULAR
11.3
23.5
7.9
16.9
14.1
10.8
22.7
15.7
14.8
20.8
8.6
14.4
13.5
7.8
9.2
FOREIGN
10.9
7.1
3.9
9.3
6.0
10.0
8.7
13.7
10.1
11.3
11.5
14.7
13.5
12.0
32.2
REGION UNKNOWN
5.1
3.3
3.9
2.8
3.5
4.0
2.7
4.1
3.8
.0
2.9
3.0
2.7
5.5
4.0
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
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73.6
56.2
87.7
59.5
80.1
68.4
64.4
76.6 '
71.9
48.2
46.5
63.2
58.7
69.5
52.8
56.4
77.1
78.8
92.6
63.1
82.2
72.4
68.0
80.7
72.5
86.9
89.3
77.2
85.4
85.4
74.9
84.3
83.4
18.6
3.7
32.9
14.7
19.7
26.3
14.8
23.9
10.5
7.4
17.1
10.6
10.9
20.9
12.1
12.9
2.6
3.8
4.0
3.1
7.9
5.7
4.5
3.7
2.6
3.3
5.7
4.0
3.8
4.3
3.5
3.7
63.6
58.8
59.9
65.1
61.9
67.8
61.2
59.8
63.8
62.1
57.0
59.9
60.8
71.5
77.6
71.6
32.3
36.0
33.9
29.1
27.6
252
.
324
.
349
.
302
.
33.1
352
.
340
.
331
.
214
.
17.5
229
.
4.1
5.2
6.2
5.9
10.5
7
.0
.3
? 6
.2
5
6
.0
4.8
7
.7
6
.1
.1
6
7
.2
4.9
.6
5
7.3
8.2
8.0
9.9
10.2
10.2
8.8
7.6
10.8
10.0
10.7
10.1
10.4
10.8
13.0
11.9
5.9
6.2
6.1
7.4
6.9
6.1
6.4
5.9
8.2
7.3
7.5
7.0
7.4 -
6.7
7.1
7.2
48.5
17.3'
4.6
13.0
6.8
4.6
11.7
27.9
7.2
2.5
6.0
5.9
5.6
1.8
2.9
3.6
26.3
9.9
2.1
5.7
3.5
1.3 -
6.2
13.0
3.6
1.5
2.0
2.6
2.5
.8
.9
1.4
15.4
3.1
1.2
4.8
1.8
2.2
2.7
11.4
1.2
.3
2.3
.6
.9
.5
1.0
.9
1.5
2.7
.6
.2
.4
.2
1.4
1.2
.4
.0
.0
.3
.2
.3
.5
.4
5.3
1.7
.7
2.2
1.1
.9
1.4
2.2
2.0
.8
1.7
2.5
2.0
.1
.6
.9
463
.
769
.
893
.
804
.
81.8
86.7
81.2
65.9
86.7
89.1
86.2
86.5
87.0
91.5
91.7
90.2
24
.6
29
.3
55
.9
56
.9
46.5
52.8
42.5
28.6
61.8
77.1
72.8
67.8
68.8
64.0
66.1
66.6
10.1
13.7
10.7
6.2
8.3
13.0
11.4
21.6
8.5
6.9
5.4
5.4
6.4
9.1
5.8
6.4
7.9
16.3
15.8
8.7
18.0
11.7
14.9
9.9
8.2
2.0
3.0
3.1
4.0
5.2
11.7
9.5
1.6
13.4
37
.
50
.
46
.
5.2
8.5
3.4
4.2
1.0
.7
7.6
4.7
12.2
5.4
6.1
2.1
4.1
3
.3
3
.6
.4
4
3.9
3.9
2.4
4.0
2.0
4.4
2.6
3.0
.9
2.7
2.6
5.2
5.8
6.1
6.6
11.4
8.7
7.0
6.2
6.0
8.4
7.7
7.5
7.4
6.7
5.4
6.2
38.4
12.8
3.2
8.5
4.0
2.6
8.3
21.2
4.0
1.5
3.4
3.0
3.0
1.1
1.5
1.9
10.1
4.5
1.4
4.5
2.8
2.0
3.4
6.7
3.2
1.0
2.7
3.0
2.6
.6
1.4
1.7
33.8
56.6
77.2
56.9
61.6
65.7
61.8
50.7
60.0
64.4
64.1
58.5
60.6
80.6
71.2
69.2
12.4
20.3
12.2
23.5
20.2
21.1
19.4
15.3
26.8
24.7
22.1
28.0
26.3
10.9
20.5
21.0
53.0
16.8
36.6
28.6
14.3
22.5
22.9
47.8
8.4
2.4
5.8
5.9
5.8
11.8
6.4
7.1
25.9
21.3
45.2
55.6
47.2
55.0
38.1
28.6
64.4
90.2
75.4
74.5
73.4
58.3
33.9
48.5
4.8
7.1
5.6
4.6
19.4
7.9
8.1
4.8
8.4
6.3
5.2
5.9
6.5
8.5
40.0
25.9
7.0
49.8
3.4
5.2
6.0
7.3
23.5
11.6
5.4
2.8
4.2
6.1
5.0
13.1
10.9
9.7
3.8
1.8
4.3
2.1
6.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
8.7
5.9
2.1
4.6
5.4
3.5
1.7
3.0
5.5
3.2
5.0
4.0
7.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.7
2.4
7.3
3.0
3.9
4.8
7.0
5.8
23.3
24.7
37.3
38.9
29.6
35.1
31.0
25.0
33.9
34.4
42.9
31.8
34.4
37.5
15.3
23.9
19.0
17.0
15.9
10.9
8.7
11.6
14.3
13.4
6.0
4.7
5.2
7.6
6.4
14.0
10.9
10.2
10.4
11.9
6.3
8.2
12.5
12.9
10.4
10.1
8.4
10.7
6.8
11.3
9.9
8.2
10.1
9.7
6.3
9.6
3.8
3.3
4.8
6.6
6.6
6.2
2.3
1.6
3.1
6.9
4.4
7.7
10.8
8.6
1.3
1.9
.9
.9
2.1
.7
1.4
1.3
2.3
2?.8
2.6
5.9
4.1
1.8
1.8
2.4
34.3
31.8
30.8
33.7
35.2
28.8
31.9
39.7
42.3
43.5
31.9
33.3
37.1
26.0
44.2
39.4
5.5
3.2
5.0
4.0
7.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.7
2.4
7.3
3.0
3.9
4.8
7.0
5.8
3.9
7.0
7.2
7.9
7.5
3.0
6.8.
6.0
7.0
7.1
15.7
7.6
8.6
4.5
6.0
6.5
9.3
18.9
16.5
14.9
15.2
12.6
16.7
15.7
12.1
16.2
13.1
13.9
13.8
12.2
12.9
13.0
11.3
16.7
12.4
11.9
9.0
14.6
13.9
12.9
10.7
14.2
13.6
13.4
13.0
16.0
14.8
14.5
8.1
7.4
3.8
6.7
3.6
9.3
6.3
5.3
6.4
6.7
7.9
8.5
7.6
6.8
7.7
7.6
14.4
12.9
24.0
17.3
26.0
11.6
17.4
14.6
16.4
14.2
11.0
13.2
13.8
15.7
15.3
1510
4.8
3.9
2.5
4.6
3.3
4.6
3.7
3.6
2.3
4.7
3.7
6.9
5.0
5.4
5.6
5.4
7.4
8.4
3.9
3.6
5.1
6.6
6.2
8.2
8.7
7.9
4.7
8.3
7.8
12.2
7.1
8.1
4.7
4.4
4.3
3.6
3.6
5.3
4.3
5.0
4.4
4.7
3.7
2.7
3.6
3.3
5.8
4.8
10.7
12.1
7.7
12.2
6.0
9.3
10.0
12.3
12.1
10.7
10.5
9.5
10.4
9.1
9.6
9.7
21.8
2.7
14.2
12.8
14.9
16.6
9.7
12.1
11.4
7.9
8.9
11.0
10.2
10.7
8.2
9.2
3.8
5.4
3.6
4.6
6.0
6.6
5.1
4.3
8.4
5.5
7.3
5.1
6.2
4.0
7.0
6.3
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TABLE 2
1/
STATISTICAL PROFILE OF DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS
BY FIELD OF DOCTORATE, 1981
DOCTORATES: WOMEN
1981
TOTAL
O
f
O
0Z
O
NC
>F-'
SVI
1 Q
d'
N
W
S
U
au
r- W
Z U
W Z
z W
Z.
O U
> N
C L
.<
2
H
CO
QZ
W Q
'
V)
Q W
0U
Z
NN
2U
d N
N
H
Q
W
2
C
~
CL VI
HU
6 W
E..
OU
U V I
lp
W
2
in
Z
W
O
U
LL
W
6
C
-
W
2
U
o
p]
U
W V)
f W
U
0Z
W
CO
QU
m V I
W
-
WU
0
20
1-~-+
O pp
Z
ti
U
N
0
pp
N
QO
0=
O0
WU
f V)
F VI
J W
OU
.U. W
(00
C VS
Q V l
TOTAL FEMALE
9872
73
235
56
364
112
26
99
601
189
393
404
986
310
147
FEMALE AS A PERCENT
OF TOTAL DOCTORATES X
i
31.5
7.2
14.6
9.6
11.3
15.4
11.2
3.9
9.0
29.3
29.4
28.5
29.0
33.9
12.8
U.S. CITIZENSHIP X
87.9
61.6
75.7
83.9
74.2
71.4
76.9
53.5
70.4
82.5
91.1
85.4
87.1
85.5
65.3
FOREIGN CITIZENSHIP
8.7
37.0
21.3
14.3
23.4
26.8
23.1
44.4
27.5
14.3
7.4
12.1
10.6
11.3
30.6
UNKNOWN
3.5
1.4
3.0
1.8
2.5
1.8
.0
2.0
2.2
3.2
1.5
2.5
2.2
3.2
4.1
MARRIED X
52.2
61.6
51.9
44.6
52.7
41.1
69.2
55.6
51.7
46.6
-46.1
45.5
45.9
47.4
57.1
NOT MARRIED
42.8
34.2,
44.7
50.0
43.4
52.7
30.8
40.4
44.1
49.7
50.9
50.5
50.5
47.4
37.4
UNKNOWN
5.0
4.1
3.4
5.4
3.8
6.3
.0
4.0
4.2
3.7
3.1
4.0
3.5
5.2
5.4
PERCENT WITH BACC IN
SAME FIELD AS DOCTORATE
;50.3
79.5
84.7
42.9
77.2
85.7
11.5
51.5
71.7
18.0
19.6
68.8
39.5
43.9
40.8
MEDIAN TIME LAPSE
FROM 8ACC TO DOCT
TOTAL TIME YRS
10.8
7.6
6.1
7.6
6.6
7.3
7.8
7.1
6.9
6.9
6.8
7.7
7.2
10.9
7.6
REGISTERED TIME
6.7
6.7
5.2
5.8
5.6
5.9
6.6
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.4
6.0
6.1
5.6
POSTDOCTORAL STUDY PLANS X
15.0
46.6
37.0
25.0
37.1
8.0
7.7
13.1
26.5
75.1
76.1
52.2
66.1
31.9
17.0
FELLOWSHIP
8.2
23.3
18.3
12.5
18.4
3.6
.0
4.0
12.5
43.9
50.9
30.0
41.0
17.7
5.4
RESEARCH ASSOC
4.3
23.3
17.9
12.5
18.1
3.6
3.8
7.1
13.0
25.9
19.1
16.6
19.4
7.4
10.9
TRAINEESHIP
1.1
.0
.9
.0
.5
.9
3.8
2.0
1.0
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.7
2.3
.7
OTHER
1.4
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
3.2
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.5
.0
PLANNED EMPLOYMENT
AFTER DOCTORATE %
78.5
45.2
56.6
62.5
55.2
84.8
92.3
82.8
66.9
18.0
20.1
39.9
27.8
63.2
72.8
EDUC INSTITUTION
51.0
13.7
7.7
16.1
10.2
61.6
50.0
29.3
24.6
5.3
11.7
25.0
15.9
37.1
39.5
INDUSTRY/BUSINESS
9.0
17.8
4C.0
28.6
33.8
15.2
34.6
42.4
31.8
6.3
4.3
7.4
6.0
6.8
12.2
GOVERNMENT
7.5
5.5
6.0
16.1
7.4
4.5
3.8
7.1
6.7
4.2
2.0
4.0
3.2
8.7
13.6
NONPROFIT
5.4.
1.4
1.3
.0
1.1
.9
.0
1.0
1.0
.0
.5
1.5
.8
5.8
2.7
OTHER & UNKNOWN
5.5
6.8
1.7
1.8
2.7
2.7
3.8
.3.0
2.8
2.1
1.5
2.0
1.8
4.8
4.8
POSTDOCT STATUS UNKN X
6.5
8.2
6.4
12.5
7.7
7.1
.0
4.0
6.7
6.9
3.8
7.9
6.1
4.8
10.2
DEFINITE POSTDOCTORAL STUDY
10.5
35.6
31.9
17.9
30.5
3.6
7.7
8.1
20.8
61.9
62.8
38.1
52.5
22.3
10.9
SEEKING POSTDOCTORAL STUDY I
4.5
11.0
5.1
7.1
6.6
4.5
.0
5.1
5.7
13.2
13.2
14.1
13.6
9.7
6.1
DEFINITE EMPLOYMENT
54.1
31.5
46.8
50.0
44.2
64.3
65.4
65.7
52.4
11.6
13.2
24.0
17.3
48.4
44.2
SEEKING EMPLOYMENT
24.4
13.7
9.8
12.5
11.0
20.5
26.9
17.2
14.5
6.3
6.9
15.8
10.4
14.8
28.6
EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITY
AFTER DOCTORATE
PRIMARY ACTIVITY
R & 0 X
14.7
82.6
83.6
60.7
79.5
36.1
41.2
58.5
63.2
77.3
51.9
30.9
43.3
30.7
55.4
TEACHING
46.8
13.0
8.2
14.3
9.9
58.3
52.9
32.3
27.9
13.6
38.5
46.4
39.8
46.0
29.2
ADMINISTRATION
16.2
.0
2.7 '
7.1
3.1
.0
.0
.0
1.6
4.5
3.8
6.2
5.3
9.3
1.5
PROF. SERVICES
15.0
4.3
1.8
3.6
' 2.5
2.8
.0
4.6
2.9
4.5
3.8
9.3
7.0
9.3
3.1
OTHER
2.6
.0
2.7
7.1-.
3.1
.0
.0
.0
1.6
.0
1.9
3.1
2.3
1.3
4.6
ACTIVITY UNKNOWN
4.7
.0
.9
7.1
1.9
2.8
5.9
4.6
2.9
.0
.0
4.1
2.3
3.3
6.2
SECONDARY ACTIVITY
R & 0
26.7
13.0
6.4
14.3
8.7
48.6
47.1
27.7
23.8
13.6
25.0
35.1
29.2
32.7
29.2
TEACHING
11.5
8.7
.9
3.6
2.5
16.7
5.9
7.7
7.0
18.2
21.2
14.4
17.0
16.7
12.3
ADMINISTRATION
9.3
4.3
9.1
10.7
8.7
.0
.0
3.1
5.1
9.1
11.5
6.2
8.2
16.7
9.2
PROF. SERVICES
8.9
4.3
7.3
10.7
7.5
2.8
.0
4.6
5.4
.0
7.7
5.2
5.3
9.3
4.6
OTHER
2.6
.0
.0
3.6
.6
1.4
.0
.0
.6
.0
.0
.0
.0
.7
.0
NO SECONDARY ACTIVITY
36.3
69.6
75.5
50.0
70.2
27.8
41.2
52.3
55.2
59.1
34.6
35.1
38.0
20.7
38.5
UNKNOWN
4.7
.0
.9
7.1
1.9
2.8
5.9
4.6
2.9
.0
.0
4.1
2.3
3.3
6.2
REGION OF EMPLOYMENT
AFTER DOCTORATE
NEW ENGLAND X
7.1
13.0
4.5
7.1
6.2
11.1
5.9
12.3
8.6
9.1
7.7
5.2
6.4
4.0
4.6
MIDDLE ATLANTIC f
16.3
34.8
29.1
.17.9
28.0
16.7
5.9
26.2
23.8
22.7
11.5
12.4
13.5
20.7
13.8
EAST NO CENTRAL ,
14.6
8.7
15.5
.0
11.8
11.1
5.9
7.7
10.5
13.6
17.3
11.3
13.5
14.0
.0
WEST NO CENTRAL
6.3
.0
4.5
7.1
4.3
2.8
5.9
3.1
3.8
.0
9.6
9.3
8.2
7.3
7.7
SOUTH ATLANTIC
16.7
4.3
17.3
7.1
13.7
15.3
17.6
9.2
13.3
27.3
17.3
17.5
18.7
14.7
13.8
EAST SO CENTRAL
4.2
.0
1.8
.0
1.2
5.6
.0
.0
1.9
4.5
3.8
3.1
3.5
2.0
4.6
WEST SO CENTRAL
8.4
8.7
2.7
21.4
6.8
12.5
35.3
7.7
9.8
4.5
11.5
12.4
11.1
6.0
9.2
MOUNTAIN
4.0
8.7
1.8
3.6
3.1
1.4
5.9
.0
2.2
4.5
.0
7.2
4.7
4.7
4.6
PACIFIC & INSULAR
11.4
13.0
17.3
21.4
17.4
11.1
11.8
18.5
15.9
4.5
13.5
11.3
11.1
14.7
10.8
FOREIGN
4.6
8.7
2.7
3.6 '
3.7
12.5
.0
10.8
7.0
4.5
5.8
9.3
7.6
6.0
30.8
REGION UNKNOWN
6.5
C
2.7
10.7
3.7
.0
5.9
4.6
3.2
4.5
1.9
1.0
1.8
6.0
.0
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
Z J
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1443
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587
1547
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3534
5505 8
84.5
92.5
71.3
85.5
88.1
88.7
89.8
85.4
88.7
92.2
79.9
84.8
86.2
90.3
91.4
89.8
12.8
3.9
24.8
11.7
7.4
6.6
6.6
11.5 '
7.2
5.2
16.3
8.7
9.2
7.1
5.0
6.4
2.6
3.6
4.C
2.8
4.4
4.7
3.6
3.1
4.1
2.6
3.8
6.5
4.5
2.6
3.6
3.8
474
.
47.4.
51.5
50.5
48.9
47.4
48.2
48.4
52.6
53.4
53.1
49.4
51.7
53.8
57.0
55.3
48
.5
47.4
42.6
452
.
45.9
465
.
466
.
46.9
41.8
41.8
40.2
41.6
41.4
42.5
38.3
39.5
4.1
5.3
5.9
4
.3
5.2
6
.1
5
.2
4.7
5.7
4.7
6.7
9.0
6.9
3.8
4.6
5.2
7.6
8.6
8.1
102
.
10.9
10.0
9.2
8.3
11.8
11.6
11.1
11.2
11.4
11.9
14.2
13.0
6.0
6.3
6.0
7
.6
7.5
6.3
6.5
6.2
8.6
8.2
8.0
8.0
8.1
6.6
6.9
7.2
53.8
17.7
20
127
.
4.4
4.7
14.2
29.0
8.8
3.1
5.2
5.8
5.3
2.4
3.6
4.0
32.4
9.3
.0
8
.6
2. 2
1.9
7.7
16.5
5.7
1.4
2.3
2.7
2.7
1.2
1.1
1.6
15.9
3.1
2.0
3.0
1.5
1.4
2.8
8.6
1.5
.0
.3
1.5
.8
.7
.9
.9
1.7
3.6
.0
.0
.7
.5
2.4
2.0
.0
.0
.0
.2
.1
.2
.7
.5
3.7
1.6
.0
1.0
.0
.9
1.3
1.9
1.5
1.7
2.6
1.4
1.7
.2
.8
1.0
40.0
76.6
92.1
81.2
88.9
88.3
79.8
64.9
83.0
90.5
86.6
83.6
86.1
92.0
90.4
89.3
22.9
30.3
54.5
54.1
46.7
57.3
38.8
31.6
55.2
72.6
67.9
62.7
65.6
67.7
66.5
66.3
6.8
11.4
14.9
5.6
9.6
13.1
10.6
12.3
9.3
8.0
6.4
7.8
7.8
8.3
5.7
6.5
5.5
12.7
8.9
6.3
17.8
8.9
11.4
8.8
5.7
.9
1.7
2.4
2.3
5.9
8.4
6.5
2.1
14.3
7.9
7.9
5.2
2.8
11.3
.68
.
6.7
12
.
15
.
49
.
3.4
66
.
45
.
4.3
2.8
7.9
5.9
7.4
9.6
6.1
7.6
5
.4
6.2
7
.8
9
.0
5
.8
7.1
.5
3
5
.2
5.6
6.2
5.8
5.9
6.1
6.7
7.0
6.C
6.2
8.2
6.4
8.2
10.6
8.6
5.7
6.1
6.7
41.8
12.6
.0
7.6
4.4
.5
9.6
21.8
3.1
.5
2.0 .
2.4
1.9
.9
1.6
1.7
12.0
5.1
2.0
5.1
.0
4.2
4.6
7.2
5.7
2.6
3.2
3.4
3.4
1.4
1.9
2.3
26.7
51.4
79.2
54.1
65.2
62.0
54.9
45.2
47.4
55.1
51.0
53.8
52.7
70.5
63.6
61.1
.13.2
25.1
12.9
27.2
23.7
26.3
25.0
19.6
35.6
35.5
35.6
29.8
33.4
21.5
26.8
28.2
40.4
15.5
41.3
26.8
22.7
18.9
19.8
30.8
7.6
2.6
.6
5.1
3.7
9.4
5.3
5.3
40.4
20.6
41.3
54.9
47.7
60.6
33.7 '
34.1
63.0
82.4
80.6
70.9
75.4
60.9
45.6
54.2
6.2
6.3
5.0
7.5
14.8
7.6
7.2
6.1
12.0
4.3
4.6
7.3
6.4
12.4
29.3
22.2
7.3
52.0
5.0
4.2
2.3
5.3
32.8
23.0
7.6
3.4
2.9
7.3
5.3
10.0
12.2
10.3
2.3
2.1
2.5
2.8
.5.7
5.3
2.8
2.5
6.5
3.4
3.4
5.7
4.7
2.3
1.9
2.6
3.4
3.4
5.0
3.8
6.8
2.3
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.9
8.0
3.8
4.7
5.0
5.7
5.4
30.6
23.4
40.0
38.5
31.8
42.4
29.5
28.8
28.3
30.0
37.7
35.8
33.7
39.8
20.4
25.4
16.1
16.4
17.5
14.1
5.7
8.3
14.5
13.6
5.4
4.3
4.6
7.6
5.8
8.0
12.2
10.3
11.7
11.2
5.0
7.5
12.5
9.8
10.2
9.6
5.4
9.0
5.1
7.0
7.0
7.7
10.0
9.0
6.7
8.5
1.3
2.8
4.5
9.8
6.9
6.6
1.1
2.1
2.3
6.6
3.8
10.4
12.5
10.2
.3
3.6
.0
1.4
.0
1.5
2.5
1.8
4.3
3.9
1.7
6.3
4.4
1.7
2.8
3.1
31.3
33.6
31.3
31.9
38.6
25.8
32.7
36.0
52.2
46.8
40.6
32.9
40.7
27.4
36.3
36.6
3.4
3.4
5.0
3.8
6.8
2.3
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.9
8.C
3.8
4.7
5.0
5.7
5.4
5.2
7.9
11.3
11.3
11.4
4.5
8.6
7.9
7.6
9.4
9.1
7.9
8.6
5.7
6.1
6.7
16.3
20.2
18.8
19.2
18.2
12.9
19.1
19.3
22.8
16.7
18.9
17.7
18.3
13.7
13.4
14.6
11.4
15.7
15.0
16.0
3.4
17.4
15.0
13.6
15.2
15.9
11.4
14.6
14.3
17.4
15.1
15.1
7.8
6.2
5.0
6.1
2.3
9.1
6.1
6.1
5.4
4.7
5.7
6.6
5.8
8.4
6.5
6.5
16.3
15.1
'18.8
14.1
29.5
13.6
16.0
15.6
19.6
18.5
12.6
15.5
16.2
15.7
18.0
17.3
3.1
2.4
2.5
3.8
.0
4.5
2.7
2.6
3.3
3.4
2.3
5.1
3.8
4.0
5.7
5.1
8.8
6.3
6.3
4.7
4.5
6.1
5.9
7.1
7.6
11.2
9.1
7.9
9.1
8.4
9.2
9.1
4.7
2.6
5.0
2.3
4.5
7.6
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.4
5.7
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.4
4.3
12.4
15.3
6.3
7.0
12.5
12.9
12.9
13.3
8.7
6.0
10.9
10.4
9.1
12.0
10.5
10.3
10.9
2.1
8.8
9.9
5.7
6.1
4.5
6.1
4.3
3.4
5.1
4.4
4.3
7.0
2.9
3.6
3.1
6.1
2.5
5.6
8.0
5.3
5.8
4.9
2.2
7.3
9.1
5.7
6.5
3.7
8.2
7.4
j/Statistics are not presented for this group because too few records contained the specified data.
SOURCE: NRC, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Doctorate Records File.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TABLE 3
PERCENTAGE OF 1981
DOCTORATE
RECIPIENTS
BY SOURCES OF
SUPPORT IN
GRADUATE SCHOOL, BY SEX AND SUMMARY FIELDI'
SOURCES OF
SUPPORT IN
PHYSICAL
/
ENGI- LIFE
DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY FIELD
SOCIAL PROF.
,GRADUATE SCHOOL
SCIENCES?
NEERING
SCIENCES
SCIENCES HUMANITIES FIELDS
EDUCATION
TOTAL
NSF FELLOWSHIP
N
208/
25
85/
2
95/
53
95/
43
10/
7
3/
1
22/
8
518/ 139
VX
6.0/
5.2
3.7/
2.1
2.5/
3.9
2.4/
2.0
.5/
.5
.3/
.2
.6/
.2
2.6/ 1.5
HX
40.2/
18.0
16.4/
1.4
18.3/
38.1
18.3/
30.9
1.9/
5.0
.6/
.7
4.2/
5.8
100.0/100.0
NSF TRAINEESHIP
N
54/
4
34/
3
33/
15
27/
22
1/
4
1/
2
1/
3
151/ 53
V%
1.6/
.8
1.5/
3.2
.9/
1.1
.7/
1.0
.0/
.3
.1/
.5
.0/
.1
.7/ .6
H%
35.8/
7.5
22.5/
5.7
21.9/
28.3
17.9/
41.5
.7/
7.5
.7/
3.8
.7/
5.7
100.0/100.0
NIH FELLOWSHIPS/
N
37/
4
14/
0
176/
72
109/
105
1/
2
5/
10
7/
9
349/ 202
VX
1.1/
.8
.6/
.0
4.6/
5.3
2.8/
4.8
.0/
.1
.6/
2.5
.2/
.3
1.7/ 2.2
HX
10.6/
2.0
4.0/
.0
50.4/
35.6
31.2/
52.0
.3/
1.0
1.4/
5.0
2.0/
4.5
100.0/100.0
NIH TRAINEESHIP3/
N
SO/
12
35/
2
669/
313
209/
160
2/
1
7/
11
5/
18
977/ 517
VX
1.4/
2.5
1.5/
2.1
17.5/
22.9
5.3/
7.3
.1/
.1
.8/
21.7
.1/
.5
4.8/ 5.6
HX
5.1/
2.3
3.6/
.4
68.5/
60.5
21.4/
30.9
.2/
.2
.7/
2.1
.5/
3.5
100.0/100.0
NOEA FELLOWSHIP
N
13/
4
8/
0
13/
9
70/
38
128/
81
4/
3
31/
13
267/ 148
VX
.4/
.8
.3/
.0
.3/
.7
1.8/
1.7
6.2/
5.6
.5/
.7
.8/
.4
1.3/ 1.6
MX
4.9/
2.7
3.0/
.0
4.9/
6.1
26.2/
25.7
47.9/
54.7
1.5/
2.0
11.6/
8.8
100.0/100.0
GRADUATE & PROF.
N
8/
3
4/
0
5/
6
12/
0
6/
3
4/
0
12/
20
51/ 32
OPPORTUNITIES
VX
.2/
.6
.2/
.0
.1/
.4
.3/
.0
.3/
.2
.5/
.0
.3/
.6
.3/ .3
PROGRAM
HX
15.7/
9.4
7.8/
.0
9.8/
18..8
23.5/
.0
11.8/
9.4
7.8/
.0
23.5/
62.5
100.0/100.0
NATIONAL DIRECT
N
160/
18
103/
5
299/
111
678/
412
353/
216
98/
57
463/
351
2154/ 1170
STUDENT LOANS
VX
4.6/
3.8
4.5/
5.3
7.8/
8.1
17.3/
18.8
17.1/
15.0
11.0/
14.0
12.4/
10.6
10.7/ 12.6
H%
7.4/
1.5
4.8/
.4
13.9/
9.5
31.5/
35.2
16.4/
18.5
4.5/
4.9
21.5/
30.0
100.0/100.0
OTHER HEW
N
30/
6
29/
1
111/
88
206/
234
12/
13
44/
63
121/
146
553/ 551
VX
.9/
1.3
1.3/
1.1
2.9/
6.4
5.3/
10.7
.6/
.9
5.0/
15.5
3.2/
4.4
2.7/ 5.9
HX
5.4/
1.1
5.2/
.2
20.1/
16.0
37.3/
42.5
2.2/
2.4
8.0/
11.4
21.9/
26.5
100.0/100.0
GI BILL
N
170/
0
94/
0
213/
5
364/
12
206/
9
130/
2
486/
25
1663/ 53
vX
4.9/
.0
4.1/
.0
5.6/
.4
9.3/
.5
10.0/
.6
14.6/
.5
13.0/
.8
8.2/ .6
HX
10.2/
.0
5.7/
.0
12.8/
9.4
21.9/
22.6
12.4/
17.0
7.8/
3.8
29.2/
47.2
100.0/100.0
OTHER FEDERAL4/
N
215/
13
216/
7
214/
62
298/
147
94/
43
27/
19
101/
76
1165/ 367
SUPPORT
VX
6.2/
2.7
9.4/
7.4
5.6/
4.5
7.6/
6.7
4.6/
3.0
3.0/
4.7
2.7/
2.3
5.8/ 3.9
MX
18.5/
3.5
18.5/
1.9
18.4/
16.9
25.6/
40.1
8.1/
11.7
2.3/
5.2
8.7/
20.7
100.0/100.0
OTHER NATIONALS/ .
N
70/
17
31/
7
88/
45
144/
81
125/
124
13/
13
42/
69
513/ 356
FELLOWSHIP
V%
2.0/
3.5
1.4/
7.4
2.3/
3.3
3.7/
3.7
6.1/
8.6
1.5/
3.2
1.1/
2.1
2.5/ 3.8
HX
13.6/
4.8
6.0/
2.0
17.2/
12.6
28.1/
22.8
24.4/
34.8
2.5/
3.7
8.2/
19.4
100.0/100.0
UNIVERSITY
N
738/
111
383/
18
591/
241
845/
448
748/
516
174/
83
307/
334
3786/ 1751
FELLOWSHIP
V%
21.2/
23.1
16.7/
18.9
15.5/
17.6
21.6/
20.5
36.2/
35.9
19.6/
20.4
8.2/
10.1
18.8/ 18.8
MX
19.5/
6.3
10.1/
1.0
15.6/
13.8
22.3/
25.6
19.8/
29.5
4.6/
4.7
8.1/
19.1
100.0/100.0
TEACHING
N
2455/
356
893/
43
1594/
555
2042/
1099
1375/
940
398/
165
810/
782
9567/ 3940
ASSISTANTSHIP
VX
70.6/
74.2
39.C/
45.3
41.7/
40.6
52.2/
50.3
66.6/
65.5
44.8/
40.6
21.7/
23.5
47.4/ 42.4
HX
25.7/
9.0
9.3/
1.1
16.7/
14.1
21.3/
27.9
14.4/
23.9
4.2/
4.2
8.5/
19.8
100.0/100.0
RESEARCH
N
2384/
306
1570/
69
1984/
607
1402/
696
275/
159
216/
106
599/
491
8430/ 2434
ASSISTANTSHIP
VX
68.6/
63.8
68.6/
72.6
51.9/
44.4
35.8/
31.8
13.3/
11.1
24.3/
26.1
16.0/
14.8
41.8/ 26.2
HX
28.3/
12.6
18.6/
2.8
23.5/
24.9
16.6/
28.6
3.3/
6.5
2.6/
4.4
7.1/
20.2
100.0/100.0
EDUC. FUNDS OF
N
197/
31
166/
13
85/
52
78/
31
29/
23
51/
10
85/
60
691/ 220
INDUSTRY
VX
5.7/
6.5
7.3/
13.7
2.2/
3.8
2.0/
1.4
1.4/
1.6
5.7/
2.5
2.3/
1.8
3.4/ 2.4
MX
28.5/
14.1
24.0/
5.9
12.3/
23.6
11.3/
14.1
4.2/
10.5
7.4/
4.5
12.3/
27.3
100.0/100.0
OTHER INSTITU-
N
155/
26
87/
4
292/
133
327/
244
229/
151
78/
52
252/
263
1420/ 873
TION FUNDS
VX
4.5/
5.4
3.8/
4.2
7.6/
9.7
8.4/
11.2
11.1/
10.5
8.8/
12.8
6.7/
7.9
7.0/ 9.4
MX
10.9/
3.0
6.1/
.5
20.6/
15.2
23.0/
27.9
16.1/
17.3
5.5/
6.0
17.7/
30.1
100.0/100.0
OWN EARNINGS
N
954/
105
751/
31
1246/
496
2314/
1349
1346/
886
566/
262
2930/
2570
10107/ 5699
VX
27.4/
21.9
32.8/
32.6
32.6/
36.3
59.2/
61.7
65.2/
61.7
63.7/
64.5
78.4/
77.4
50.1/ 61.3
H%
9.4/
1.8
7.4/
.5
12.3/
8.7
22.9/
23.7
13.3/
15.5
5.6/
4.6
29.0/
45.1
100.0/100.0
SPOUSE'S EARNINGS
N
726/.
95
392/
21
1085/
341
1279/
714
745/
536
298/
149
1263/
1298
5788/ 3154
VX
20.9/
19.8
17.1/
22.1
28.4/
24.9
32.7/
32.6
36.1/
37.3
33.6/
36.7
33.8/
39.1
28.7/ 33.9
HX
12.5/
3.0
6.8/
.7
18.7/
10.8
22.1/
22.6
12.9/
17.0
5.1/
4.7
21.8/
41.2
100.0/100.0
FAMILY CONTR-
N
462/
54
379/
18
592/
249
825/
466
514/
336
141/
53
468/
434
3381/ 1610
BUTIONS
VX
13.3/
11.3
16.6/
18.9
15.5/
18.2
21.1/
21.3
24.9/
23.4
15.9/
13.1
12.5/
13.1
16.7/ 17.3
H%
13.7/
3.4
11.2/
1.1
17.5/
15.5
24.4/
28.9
15.2/
20.9
4.2/
3.3
13.8/
27.0
100.0/100.0
OTHER LOANS
N
197/
20
133/
7
343/
122
607/
353
257/
171
108/
57
514/
416
2159/ 1146
VX
5.7/
4.2
5.8/
7.4
9.0/
8.9
15.5/
16.1
12.4/
11.9
12.2/
14.0
13.8/
12.5
10.7/ 12.3
MX
9.1/
1.7
6.2/
.6
15.9/
10.6
28.1/
30.8
11.9/
14.9
5.0/
5.0
23.8/
36.3
100.0/100.0
N
185/
23
215/
10
371/
108
301/
142
160/
108
98/
37
285/
213
1615/ 641
V%
5.3/
4.8
9.4/
10.5
9.7/
7.9
7.7/
6.5
7.7/
7.5
11.0/
9.1
7.6/
6.4
9.0/ 6.9
H%
11.5/
3.6
13.3/
1.6
23.0/
16.8
18.6/
22.2
9.9/
16.8
6.1/
5.8
17.6/
33.2
100.0/100.0
UNDUPLICATED
TOTAL
N
3477/
480
2287/
95
3821/
1367
3912/
2187
2065/
1436
888/
406
3737/
3322
20187/ 92936/
1/Q?l8_n[a_oni_cmm~n2i41s_a1S6_68XA_n~inc_Sn_12ZZ because of a change in the survey question on source of support.
Frequencies as reported are not reliable but relative frequencies should serve as useful approximations.
a/Includes mathematics and computer sciences.
:/The sources NIH Fellowship and NIH Traineeship refer to support provided under the National Research Awards Act of 1974.
J/Includes AEC/ERDA Fellowship and NASA Traineeship which were formerly shown separately.
5/Includes Woodrow Wilson Fellowship which was formerly shown separately.
*/The 35 individuals shown in Table 1 as having subfield "Other and Unspecified" and the Ph.D.'s who did not report source
of support are omitted from this table.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TABLE 4
NUMBER OF DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY SEX, STATE OF COCTORAL INSTITUTION, AND SUMMARY FIELD, 19811/
STATE OF NUMBER OF DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY FIELD
DOCTORAL PHYSICAL ENGI- LIFE SOCIAL PROF. OTHER 3
INSTITUTION SCIENCES?/ NEERING SCIENCES SCIENCES HUMANITIES FIELDS EDUCATION UNSPEC. TOTAL
ALABAMA
16
4
10
1
30
15
24
8
6
4
5
4
74
52
0
0
165
88
ALASKA
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
ARIZONA
60
3
24
0
43
12
39
19,
18
18
14
1
74
65
0
0
272
118
ARKANSAS
13
0
4
1
24
6
5
2
6
0
17
1
13
13
0
0
82
23
CALIFORNIA
599
86
417
18
442
176
613
351
265
168
98
32
263
256
12
4
2709
1091
COLORADO
90
5
55
0
75
10
83
55
28
21
11
7
134
91
0
0
476
189
CONNECTICUT
51
9
24
1
63
34
77
41
65
48
3
1
24
32
0
0
307
166
DELAWARE
6
2
11
0
4
5
8
3
6
6
0
0
1
5
0
0
36
21
D. C.
37
6
18
1
SO
42
75
57
46
39
18
6
60
63
0
0
304
214
FLORIDA
69
10
34
0
83
21
160
65
35
36
33
20
336
259
0
0
750
411
GEORGIA
43
10
29
0
80
21
89
44
30
27
24
9
68
67
0
0
363
178
HAWAII
15
2
4
0
34
11
16
8
14
3
0
0
2
5
0
0
85
29
IDAHO
10
0
6
0
19
3
3
0
2
1
0
0
9
7
0
0
49
11
ILLINOIS
243
33
194
7
181
67
273
147
148
101
54
24
228
187
0
1
1321
567
INDIAN A_.
114
11
109
1
123
36
131
51
102
58
42
14
118
111
1
0
740
282
IOWA
64
11
41
1
114
18
53
22
48
19
12
5
66
66
1
0
-399
142
KANSAS
33
3
28
0
65
17
44
19
26
17
9
9
54
46
0
0
259
111
KENTUCKY
12
1
8
2
49
9
23
6
19
8
23
3
10
12
0
0
144
41
LOUISIANA
23
5
10
0
49
8
20
18
28
16
32
5
26
28
0
0
188
80
MAINE
4
0
0
0
5
1
3
1
2
1
0
0
8
1
0
0
22
4
MARYLAND
72
16
27
1
78
43
69
42
41
35
13
10
54
78
0
0
354
225
MASSACHUSETTS
265
37
173
15
149
80
255
121
140
101
46
17
233
213
0
0
1261
584
MICHIGAN
103
12
99
2
183
50
176
115
68
54
24
15
222
155
0
0
875
403
MINNESOTA
41
9
44
2
109
41
63
40
40
20
9
15
47
38
0
0
353
165
MISSISSIPPI
3
0
10
0
47
12
33
7
5
5
6
0
60
50
0
0
164
74
MISSOURI
45
8
51
3
72
17
78
40
27
21
22
9
92
65
0
0
387
163
MONTANA
5
1
0
0
11
1
7
6
1
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
29
9
NEBRASKA
21
2
7
1
55
11
37
8
14
10
7
4
33
26
0
0
174
62
NEVADA
1
1
0
0
5
1
2
5
1
0
0
0
8
6
0
0
17
13
NEW HAMPSHIRE
13
3
7
1
17
7
10
2
4
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
51
15
NEW JERSEY
104
23
58
3
73
26
69
46
64
46
16
4
75
62
0
0
459
210
NEW MEXICO
28
4
9
0
19
6
15
10
15
10
0
0
18
31
0
0
104
61
NEW YORK
393
39
207
12
345
184
489
342
261
230
75
58
266
307
1
2
2037
1174
NORTH CAROLINA
74
10
31
4
138
56
110
56
47
39
15
8
54
64
0
0
469
237
NORTH DAKOTA
9
0
0
0
23
0
.11
5
4
1
0
0
7
9
0
0
54
15
OHIO
141
22
106
2
137
49
142
107
88
50
51
35
196
180
3
0
864
445
OKLAHOMA
24
4
35
2
54
13
45
19
20
9
12
1
69
45
0
0
259
93
OREGON
41
13
18
1
80
23 .
41
26
9
15
16
5
64
41
0
1
269
125
PENNSYLVANIA
191
25
137
7
138
63
200
119
118
91
56
27
250
191
3
0
1093
523
RHODE ISLAND
50
8
12
1
14
6
28
7
29
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
133
42
SOUTH CAROLINA
23
4
8
0 .
29
9
18
12
11
8
8
1
31
35
1
0
129
69
SOUTH DAKOTA
2
0
C
0
4
0
7
4
0
0
0
0
11
3
0
0
24
7
TENNESSEE
35
10
31
0
55
27
81
43
26
15
19
9
109
118
0
0
356
222
TEXAS
197
18
128
5
23C
93
174
82
115
78
106
30
218
212
3
0
1171
518
UTAH
36
1
32
2
48
11
60
15
16
7
18
8
69
43
1
0
280
87
VERMONT
5
0
0
0
13
1
8
2
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
. 7
VIRGINIA
53
8
65
0
88
29
47
19
29
15
20
11
69
78
0
0
371
160
WASHINGTON
83
6
31
0
107
28
55
37
37
26
7
4
38
36
0
0
358
137
WEST VIRGINIA
6
0
7
0
20
5
12
3
6
2
0
0
24
22
0
0
7S
32
WISCONSIN
80
14
66
2
130
36
99
51
63
39
23
12
56
51
1
0
518
205
WYOMING
17
1
4
0
13
3
10
7
0
0
0
0
9
7
0
0
53
18
1/Refer to explanatory note on page 25.
b/Includes mathematics and computer sciences.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
TABLE 5
STATISTICAL PROFILE OF DOCTORATE RECIPIENTS BY RACIAL OR ETHNIC GROUP AND U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS, 1981'
AMERICAN
INDIAN ASIAN BLACK
U.S. NON-U.S. TOTAL TOTAL U.S. NON-U.S. TOTAL U.S. NON-U.S. TOTAL
PERM. TEMP. PERM. TEMP. PERM. TEMP.
TOTAL NUMBER 24990 1272 3924 31310 89 460 602 1559 2704?/ 1007 97 370 1483
MALE X 65.3 75.9 86.0 68.5 65.2 67.6 82.1 85.8 82.0 49.2 82.5 91.4 62.0
FEMALE 34.7 24.1 14.0 31.5 34.8 32.4 17.9 14.2 18.0 50.8 17.5 8.6 38.0
DOCTORAL FIELD
PHYSICAL SCIENCES 4/ X 12.3 176 191 13.3 2.2 154 238 248 233 31 82 81 4.7
ENGINEERING 4. 7, 23 ..4 24 ..0 8 . 1 4 . 5 16..7 34 ..1 31 ..8 29..7 1 ..6 3. . 1 10 ..5 4. 0
LIFE SCIENCES 17.6 16.0 18.6 17.4 12.4 23.3 17.4 16.8 17.9 6.3 17.5 25.1 11.9
SOCIAL SCIENCES 21.9 15.8 14.6 20.8 15.7 17.0 9.5 11.1 11.6 19.6 26.8 17.6 19.6
ARTS & HUMANITIES 12.8 11.6 6.0 12.0 13.5 7.2 3.8 4.4 4.8 8.3 9.3 4.6 7.4
EDUCAT ION 26.3 10.2 13.4 23.9 47.2 17.2 6.6 8.2 9.4 55.6 29.9 28.1 46.8
PROFESSIONS & OTHER 4.5 5.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 3.3 4.8 2.9 3.3 5.6 5.2 5.9 5.6
MEDIAN TIME LAPSE BA-PHD
TOTAL TIME YRS 9.6 9.2 8.6 9.4 11.6 9.8 9.4 8.6 8.9 13.0 8.1 7.6 10.8
REGISTERED TIME 6.5 6.3 5.6 6.4 7.1 7.0 6.5 5.9 6.2 7.1 6.2 5.1 6.3
GRADUATE SCHOOL SUPPORT
FEDERAL FELLOW/TRAINEE X 20.7 10.1 7.0 17.8 25.8 24.3 11.6 8.1 11.5 17.8 3.1 7.3 14.1
GI BILL 6.9 .2 .0 5.5 7.9 2.6 .0 .0 .4 7.9 1.0 .0 5.5
OTHER FELLOWSHIP 20.4 22.6 19.2 19.7 15.7 19.1 22.9 19.8 19.9 22.3 23.7 18.1 21.2
TEACHING ASSISTANTSHIP 45.6 50.4 37.1 43.2 31.5 42.0 52.3 45.0 45.1 25.7 39.2 25.9 26.5
RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIP 33.8 49.5 45.1 34.7 13.5 43.3 62.3 59.5 55.8 15.4 25.8 31.9 20.2
EDUC./INST. FUNDS 10.7 8.9 9.1 10.1 5.6 14.1 8.1 8.9 9.4 11.7 6.2 9.5 10.7
OWN/SPOUSE EARNINGS 69.1 52.7 28.0 60.9 77.5 53.7 43.9 20.7 31.0 73.3 61.9 41.1 64.2
FAMILY CONTRIBUTIONS 15.9 19.2 19.6 16.0 6.7 16.5 19.8 21.0 19.3 10.8 19.6 17.3 12.9
NAIL DIRECT STONT LOAN 12.8 7.1 .8 10.6 14.6 10.9 5.3 .3 3.2 17.6 16.5 1.1 13.3
OTHER LOANS 12.1 8.5 4.7 10.6 14.6 9.1 5.5 2.9 4.5 17.7 20.6 8.1 15.4
OTHER 4.3 5.0 28.4 7.2 3.4 3.5 2.5 12.4 8.3 5.3 9.3 41.9 14.7
UNKNOWN 2.3 1.6 3.6 5.8 .0 1.7 1.8 2.3 4.6 1.6 2.1 3.0 2.4
POSTDOCTORAL STUDY PLANS X 18.3 17.8 23.5 18.3 9.0 26.5 20.3 29.6 26.1 7.1 11.3 13.8 9.0
PLANNED EMPLOYMENT AFTER
DOCTORATE 79.0 78.1 72.3 75.4 91.0 70.4 75.9 66.7 67.8 90.5 83.5 83.5 87.9
EDUC. INSTITUTION 47.1 35.1 - 41.6 44.3 56.2 30.4 22.8 33.5 29.8 61.7 48.5 52.2 58.2
INDUSTRY/BUSINESS 14.0 32.2 13.8 14.2 12.4 25.4 44.7 20.0 25.9 7.8 11.3 6.8 7.8
GOVERNMENT 9.2 3.7 10.4 8.8 10.1 8.7 2.3 7.6 6.4 11.6 13.4 15.1 12.5
NON-PROFIT 5.3 3.4 2.4 4.7 9.0 2.4 3.3 2.2 2.5 4.9 1.0 3.5 4.2
OTHER & UNKNOWN 3.4 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 2.8 3.3 3.2 4.5 9.3 5.9 5.1
DEFINITE POSTDOCT STUDY X 14.1 10.7 13.9 13.4 6.7 18.3 12.0 17.8 16.1 4.3 3.1 5.1 4.4
SEEKING POSTDOCT STUDY 4.2 7.2 9.6 4.9 2.2 8.3 8.3 11.8 10.1 2.9 . 8.2 8.6 4.7
DEFINITE EMPLOYMENT 59.3 50.5 51.8 56.0 66.3 49.6 51.0 47.7 47.6 66.0 46.4 52.7 61.1
SEEKING EMPLOYMENT 19.7 27.7 20.6 19.5 24.7 20.9 24.9 19.1 20.2 24.4 37.1 30.8 26.8
EMPLOYMENT LOCATION
AFTER DOCTORATE
U.S. X5~ 93.2 86.1 29.3 85.5 93.2 89.5 89.3 46.2 63.9 88.7 66.7 12.8 71.2
FOREIGN 1.4 7.8 64.9 9.0 .0 2.6 6.2 46.7 29.1 .2 15.6 78.5 17.9
UNKNOWN 5.4 6.1 5.8 5.5 6.8 7.9 4.6 7.1 7.0 11.1 17.8 8.7 10.9
1/Data not comparable with data for earlier years because of changes in the survey question on racial/ethnic group.
Sae discussion on page 25.
j/Includes individuals who did not report their citizenship at time of doctorate.
j/Includes those who provided no usable response to the item on racial/ethnic group.
4/Includes mathematics and computer sciences.
1/Tho base for this percentage is the number of doctorates in the column caption group who have found definite employment.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
U.S.
NON-U.S.
TOTAL
TOTAL
U.S.
NON-U.S.
TOTAL
U.S.
NON-U.S.
TOTAL
U.S.
NON-
TOTAL
PERM.
TEMP.
PERM.
TEMP.
PERM.
TEMP.
U.S.
21911
489
1425
23849z/
115
154
7
56
2192/
195
54
331
5942
1059
206
22662/3/
65.8
67.7
85.6
67.1
49.6
66.2
71.4
87.5
72.1
59.5
75.9
81.9
74.1
71.5
85.0
70.8
34.2
32.3
14.4
32.9
50.4
33.8
28.6
12.5
27.9
40.5
24.1
18.1
25.9
28.5
15.0
29.2
12.5
13.3
16.6
12.8
12.2
1.9
.0
19.6
6.4
9.7
9.3
13.9
12.1
17.5
19.9
14.2
4.6
17.2
21.3
5.9
4.3
1.3
.0
26.8
8.2
2.6
7.4
18.1
12.1
4.9
15.5
7.4
18.1
13.3
14.2
17.7
8.7
8.4
28.6
33.9
15.5
12.3
22.2
36.9
27.1
19.2
15.5
15.9
22.2
19.6
17.8
21.9
13.9
27.3
42
12.5
23.7
24.1
25.9
12.7
17.8
19.2
18.0 .
21.9
13.0
20.4
8.1
12.9
20.0
10.4
14.3
.0
7.8
27.2
20.4
6.3
14.6
12.7
7.8
13.0
25.2
10.2
15.4
24.3
33.0
48.7
14.3
7.1
37.0
20.5
11.1
10.6
13.6
20.8
18.9
22.4
4.5
5.9
6.5
4.6
7.8
1.9
.0
.0
1.4
3.6
3.7
1.5
2.5
5.8
4.4
5.3
9.4
9.3
8.6
9.4
11.4
10.9
7.5
9.1
10.4
9.9
9.5
10.0
9.9
9.3
9.0
9.3
6.4
6.2
5.6
6.4
6.7
6.4
5.2
5.7
6.1
6.8
6.1
5.3
5.8
6.4
5.4
6.2
21.0
8.8
5.9
19.8
19.1
29.9
.0
1.8
21.9
22..6
14.8
7.9
13.1
13.8
6.8
7.2
7.0
.0
.0
6.4
5.2
11.0
14.3
.0
8.2
3.6
.0
.3
1.3
5.3
.0
2.5
204
.
23.1
19.5
20.4
37.4
27.9
28.6
21.4
26.5
27.2
16.7
18.1
20.7
15.6
14.1
8.7
47
.4
51.7
36.7
46.9
27.8
36.4
28.6
21.4
32.0
48.7
42.6
21.5
32.2
32.4
29.1
18.1
35.1
39.5
39.6
35.5
23.5
22.1
14.3
33.9
25.1
21.0
42.6
27.5
26.3
26.9
30.6
15.6
10.7
9.4
9.3
10.6
21.7
15.6
.0
1.8
11.9
9.2
11.1
10.9
10.1
7.3
10.2
4.5
70.4
61.8
34.2
68.1
57.4
71.4
57.1
10.7
55.7
63.1
46.3
26.6
39.9
46.0
28.6
24.5
16.6
18.4
21.8
16.9
10.4
7.8
14.3
7.1
7.8
15.9
14.8
12.4
13.5
10.0
14.6
6.0
12.8
7.0
1.3
12.0
27.8
14.9
14.3
.0
11.0
12.3
7.4
.3
4.9
8.2
2.4
4.1
12.0
9.0
5.1
11.5
21.7
10.4
.0
10.7
10.0
12.8
16.7
6.3
9.3
7.9
5.3
4.2
4.3
7.0
34.4
6.2
7.8
4.5
.0
55.4
17.4
6.2
5.6
53.8
32.5
2.5
34.0
4.4
1.0
.4
3.2
1.2
4.3
1.3
14.3
1.8
1.8
2.1
7.4
5.1
5.9
28.8
14.1
58.3
47.3
46.4
45.0
47.1
69.6
58.4
28.6
39.3
52.5
49.2
44.4
54.4
51.0
31.7
39.8
18.6
14.2
23.1
10.9
14.2
3.5
7.8
14.3
16.1
10.0
10.8
20.4
7.3
9.6
12.7
9.2
7.1
9.3
3.5
10.9
9.3
6.1
11.0
14.3
17.9
12.8
12.3
3.7
14.8
12.6
5.2
9.7
3.3
5.4
3.9
2.5
5.2
2.6
3.9
.0
1.8
3.2
3.1
3.7
2.1
2.5
4.6
1.9
2.3
3.3
3.7
4.1
3.4
2.6
3.9
.0
1.8
3.2
5.6
5.6
4.8
5.1
3.3
6.3
2.3
14.6
10.2
13.7
14.5
9.6
9.1
28.6
14.3
11.0
10.8
11.1
6.6
8.2
12.7
13.1
7.3
4.2
5.5
8.6
4.5
1.7
4.5
14.3
8.9
5.9
5.6
3.7
6.3
5.9
4.2
7.3
2.7
59.9
51.7
53.6
59.4
70.4
61.0
57.1
51.8
58.0
56.9
48.1
65.3
59.8
43.4
44.2
24.5
19.6
28.8
19.9
19.8
13.9
24.0
.0
25.0
23.7
24.1
29.6
18.1
21.0
14.2
22.8
9.0
93.7
86.2
25.4
89.8
96.3
89.4
50.0
3.4
68.5
94.6
84.6
8.8
41.1
88.9
22.0
77.9
1.4
7.5
70.2
5.2
.0
1.1
25.0
96.6
23.6
.0
15.4
87.5
54.6
1.5
71.4
12.9
4.9
6.3
4.5
4.9
3.7
9.6
25.0
.0
7.9
5.4
.0
3.7
4.2
9.6
6.6
9.2
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
NSF Form 558 1979
OMB No. 99-R0290
SURVEY OF EARNED DOCTORATES Approval Expires June 30, 1981
This form is to be returned to the GRADUATE DEAN, for forwarding to ........................ Commission on Human Resources
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D. C. 20418
1. Name in full: ............................................................................................ (9-30)
(Last Name) (First Name) (Middle Name)
Cross Reference: Maiden name or former name legally changed ............................. .... ..... . ..... . ..... . ............. .
2. Permanent address through which you could always be reached: (Care of, if applicable) ...............................................
........................................................................................................................................
(Number) (Street) (City)
......................................................................................................................................
(State) (Zip Code) (Or Country if not U.S.)
3. U.S. Social Security Number: (31-39)
.............
4. Date of birth: .......................... Place of birth: ..........................................
(10-14) (Month) (Day) (Year) (15-16) (State) (Or Country if not U.S.)
5. Sex: 1 ^ Male 2 ^ Female
7. Citizenship: 0 ^ U.S. native 2 ^ Non U.S., Immigrant (Permanent Resident)
1 ^ U.S. naturalized 3 ^ Non-U.S., Non-Immigrant (Temporary Resident) (19)
If Non-U.S., indicate country of present citizenship ................................................ (20-21)
8. Racial or ethnic group: (Check only one.) A Person hai:ing on ins in -
0 E] American Indian or Alaskan Native .... any o the origina peoples of North America, and who maintain cultural identification
through tribal affiliation or community recognition.
1 ^ Asian or Pacific Islander .............. any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia,, the Indian Subcontinent, or
the Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example, China, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippine
Islands, and Samoa.
2 ^ Black, not of Hispanic Origin ......... any of the black racial groups of Africa.
3 ^ White, not of Hispanic Origin ......... any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East.
4 ^ Puerto Rican ....................... Puerto Rico, regardless of race.
5 ^ Mexican-American ................... Mexico, regardless of race.
6 ^ Other Hispanic ...................... Central or South America, Cuba, or other Spanish culture, regardless of race. (22-24)
9. Number of dependents: Do not include yourself. (Dependent = someone receiving at least one half of his or.her support from you) ........ (25)
EDUCATION
10. High school last attended: ................................................................................. (26-27)
(School Name) (City) (State)
Year of graduation from high school: .................
11. List in the table below all collegiate and graduate institutions you have attended including 2-year colleges. List chronologically, and in-
clude your doctoral institution as the last entry.
Years
Attended
Major Field
Minor
Field
Degree (if any)
Institution Name Location
Use Specialties List
Title of
Granted
From
To
Name
Number
Number
Degree
Mo.
Yr.
12. Enter below the title of your doctoral dissertation and the most appropriate classification number and field. If a project report or a musical
or literary composition (not a dissertation) is a degree requirement, please check box. E (12)
Title .................................................... Classify using Specialties List
13. Name the department (or interdisciplinary committee, center, institute, etc.) and school or college of the university
which supervised your doctoral program: ........... .(De..p.a.rtme..?-??nt/?I?n??stit . ute/Com .....? mi tte???eP?/?????rogra? m??)???
(School)
14. Name of your adviser for dissertation, project report or music/literary composition: .............................................
(Last Name) (First Name) (Middle Initial)
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
. SURVEY OF EARNED DOCTORATES, Cont.
15. Please enter a "1" beside your primary source of support during graduate study. Enter a "2" beside your secondary source of support
during graduate study. Check (,/) all other sources from which support was received.
a - NSF Fellowship
b - NSF Traineeship
c NIH Fellowship
d - NIH Traineeship
e - NDEA Fellowship
f - Title IX Graduate
& Professional Opportunities
Pgm. Fellowship
g - Other HEW
h - AEC/ERDA/DOE Fellowship
i - NASA Traineeship
1 - GI Bill
k - Other Federal support
(specify) ...................
1 - Woodrow Wilson Fellowship
m - Other U.S. national fellowship
n - University Fellowship
o '= Teaching Assistantship
P - Research Assistantship
q - Educational fund of
industrial or
business firm
r - Other institutional
funds (specify)
s - Own earnings
t - Spouse's earnings
u - Family contribu-
tions
v -Loans (NDSL
direct)
W - Other loans
x - Other (specify)
16.' Please check the space which most fully describes your status during the year immediately preceding the doctorate.
o ^ Held fellowship
1 ^ Held assistantship
2 ^ Held own research grant
3 ^ . Not employed
4 ^ Part-time employed
5 ^ College or university, teaching
Full-time 60 College or university, non-teaching
Employed in: 7 ^ Elem. or sec. school, teaching
(Other than 80 Elem. or sec. school, non-teaching
0, 1, 2) 9 ^ Industry or business
(11) ^ Other (specify) .....................................?...
(12) ^ Any other (specify) ................................
17. How well defined are your postgraduation plans? 20.
0 ^ Am returning to, or continuing in, predoctoral a.
employment
1 ^ Have signed contract or made definite commitment
2 ^ Am negotiating with one or more specific organizations
3 ^ Am seeking appointment but have no specific prospects
40 Other (specify) .................................. (51)
18. What are your immediate postgraduation plans?
0 ^ Postdoctoral fellowship
1 ^ Postdoctoral research associateship Go to
2 ^ Traineeship Item "19"
3 ^ Other study (specify) ............. '...........
(
4 ^ Employment (other than 0, 1, 2, 3)
5 ^ Military service Item "20" b.
6 E] Other (specify) .......................... (52) '
19. If you plan to be on a postdoctoral fellowship, associateship,
traineeship or other study
a. What was the most important reason for taking a postdoctoral
appointment? (Check only one.)
0 ^ To obtain additional research experience in my doctoral field
1 ^ To work with a particular scientist or research group
2 !E] To switch into a different field of research
3 E] Could not obtain the desired type of employment position
4 ^ Other reason (specify) ............................. (53)
b. What will be the field of your postdoctoral study?
Please enter number from Specialties List ................. (54-56)
c. What will be the primary source of research support?
0 E] U.S. Government
1 E] College or university
2 ^ Private foundation
3 E] Nonprofit, other than private foundation
40 Other (specify)
...............................................
Unknown (57)
6,F
Go to Item "21"
If you plan to-be employed, enter military service, or other-
What will be the type of employer?
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(11)
12)
4-year college or university other than medical school
Medical school
Jr. or community college
Elem. or sec. school
Foreign government
U.S. Federal government
U.S. state government
U.S. local government
Nonprofit organization
Industry or business
Self-employed
Other (specify) ............................. (58)
Indicate what your primary work activity will be with "1" in
appropriate box; secondary work activity (if any) with "2" in
appropriate box.
0 ^ Research and development
1 ^ Teaching
2 ^ Administration
3 ^ Professional services to individuals
5 ^ Other (specify) ....................:....... (59-60)
In what field will you be working?
Please enter number from Specialties List .......... (61-63)
Did you consider taking a postdoctoral appointment?
Yes - No -
If yes, why did you decide against the postdoctoral?
0 ^ No postdoctoral appointment available
I ^ Felt that I would derive little or no benefit from a
postdoctoral appointment
2 ^ Had more attractive employment opportunity
3 ^ Other (specify) ............................. (65)
Go to Item "21"
BACKGROU D {)1 O MATION _. a " . e
22. Please indicate, by circling the highest grade attained, the education of
your mother none 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 1 2 3
9 10 11 12
High school
9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4
College
1 2 3 4
6 7
MA, MD PhD
Graduate
MA,'MD PhD
8 9
Postdoctoral (73)
(11)
If you would like to receive a summary of the results of this survey, please check box. ^ (79)
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
SPEC ITIES LIST
MATHEMATICS
000 Algebra
010 Analysis & Functional
Analysis
020 Geometry
030 Logic
040 Number Theory
050 Probability & Math. Statistics
080 Computing Theory & Practice
082 Operations Research (see also
478)
085 Applied Mathematics
098 Mathematics, General
099 Mathematics, Other*
COMPUTER SCIENCES
079 Computer Sciences* (see also
437)
ASTRONOMY
101 Astonomy
102 Astrophysics
PHYSICS
110 Atomic & Molecular
132 Acoustics
134 Fluids
135 Plasma
136 Optics
138 Thermal
140 Elementary Particles
150 Nuclear Structure
160 Solid State
198 Physics, General
199 Physics, Other*
CHEMISTRY
200 Analytical
210 Inorganic
220 Organic
230 Nuclear
240 Physical
250 Theoretical
270 Pharmaceutical
275 Polymer
298 Chemistry, General
299 Chemistry, Other*
EARTH, ENVIRONMENTAL
AND MARINE SCIENCES
301 Mineralogy, Petrology
305 Geochemistry
310 Stratigraphy, Sedimentation
320 Paleontology
330 Structural Geology
341 Geophysics (Solid Earth)
350 Geomorph. & Glacial Geology
391 Applied Geol., Geol. Engr. &
Econ. Geol.
360 Hydrology & Water Re-
sources
370 Oceanography
397 Marine Sciences, Other*
381 Atmospheric Physics and
:hemistry
382 Atmospheric Dynamics
383 Atmospheric Sciences,
Other*
388 Environmental Sciences,
General (see also 480, 528)
389 Environmental Sciences,
Other*
398 Earth Sciences, General
399 Earth Sciences, Other*
ENGINEERING
400 Aeronautical & Astronautical
410 Agricultural
415 Biomedical
420 Civil
430 Chemical
435 Ceramic
437 Computer
440 Electrical
445 Electronics
450 Industrial
455 Nuclear
460 Engineering Mechanics
465 Engineering Physics
470 Mechanical
475 Metallurgy & Phys. Met.
Engr.
476 Systems Design & Systems
Science
478 Operations Research (see also
082)
479 Fuel Tech. & Petrol. Engr.
480 Sanitary & Environmental
486 Mining
497 Materials Science
498 Engineering, General
499 Engineering, Other*
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
500 Agronomy
501 Agricultural Economics
502 Animal Husbandry
503 Food Science & Technology
504 Fish & Wildlife
505 Forestry
506 Horticulture
507 Soils & Soil Science
510 Animal Science & Animal
Nutrition
511 Phytopathology
518 Agriculture, General
519 Agriculture, Other*
MEDICAL SCIENCES
522 Public Health & Epidemi-
ology
523 Veterinary Medicine
526 Nursing
527 Parasitology
528 Environmental Health
534 Pathology
536 Pharmacology
537 Pharmacy
538 Medical Sciences, General
539 Medical Sciences, Other*
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
540 Biochemistry
542 Biophysics
544 Biometrics & Biostatistics
(see also 050, 670, 725, 727,
920)
(see also 544, 670, 725, 727,
920)
545 Anatomy
546 Cytology
547 Embryology
548 Immunology
550 Botany
560 Ecology
564 Microbiology & Bacteriology
566 Physiology, Animal
567 Physiology, Plant
569 Zoology
570 Genetics
571 Entomology
572 Molecular Biology
576 Nutrition and/or Dietetics
578 Biological Sciences, General
579 Biological Sciences, Other*
PSYCHOLOGY
600 Clinical
610 Counseling & Guidance
620 Developmental & Geronto-
logical
630 Educational
635 School Psychology
641 Experimental
642 Comparative
643 Physiological
650 Industrial & Personnel
660 Personality
670 Psychometrics (see also 050,
544, 725, 727, 920)
680 Social
698 Psychology, General
699 Psychology, Other*
SOCIAL SCIENCES
700 Anthropology
708 Communications*
710 Sociology
720 Economics (see also 501)
725 Econometrics (see also 050,
544, 670, 727, 920)
727 Statistics (see also 050, 544,
670, 725, 920)
740 Geography
745 Area Studies*
751 Political Science
752 Public Administration
755 International Relations
760 Criminology & Criminal
Justice
770 Urban & Reg. Planning
798 Social Sciences, General
799 Social Sciences, Other*
HUMANITIES
802 History & Criticism of Art
804 History, American
805 History, European
806 History, Other*
807 History & Philosophy of
Science
808 American Studies
809 Theatre and Theatre
Criticism
830 Music
831 Speech as a Dramatic Art (see
also 885)
832 Archeology
833 Religion (see also 881)
834 Philosophy
835 Linguistics
836 Comparative Literature
878 Humanities, General
879 Humanities, Other*
LANGUAGES & LITERATURE
811 American
812 English
821 German
822 Russian
823 French
824 Spanish & Portuguese
826 Italian
827 Classical*
829 Other Languages*
EDUCATION
900 Foundations: Social &
Philosoph.
910 Educational Psychology
908 Elementary Educ., General
909 Secondary Educ., General
918 Higher Education
919 Adult Educ. & Extension
Educ.
920 Educ. Meas. & Stat.
929 Curriculum & Instruction
930 Educ. Admin..& Superv.
940 Guid., Couns., & Student
Pers.
950 Special Education (Gifted,
Handicapped, etc.)
960 Audio-Visual Media
TEACHING FIELDS
970 Agriculture Educ.
972 Art Educ.
974 Business Educ.
975 Early Childhood Educ.
976 English Educ.
978 Foreign Languages Educ.
980 Home Economics Educ.
982 Industrial Arts Educ..
984 Mathematics Educ.
986 Music Educ.
987 Nursing Educ.
988 Phys. Ed., Health, & Recre-
ation
989 Reading Education
990 &;ence Educ.
992 Social Science Educ.
993 Speech Education
994 Vocational Educ.
996 Other Teaching Fields*
998 Education, General
999 Education, Other*
OTHER
PROFESSIONAL FIELDS
881 Theology (see also 833)
882 Business Administration
883 Homq Economics
884 Journalism
885 Speech & Hearing Sciences
(see also 831)
886 Law & Jurisprudence
887 Social Work
891 Library & Archival Science
897 Professional Field, Other*
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22: CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
' VVUL 1\VI'IU LI\J 1 V11 aLLVJ Va.i~i
Physics & Astronom (101-199)
Chemistry (200-299)
Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences (301-399)
Physical Sciences Subtotal (101-399)
Mathematics (000-060, 080-099)
Computer Sciences (079)
Engineering (400-499)
EMP Total (000-499)
Biochemistry (540)
Basic Medical Sciences (542, 545-548, 564-566, 572)
Other Biosciences (544, 550-562 567-571, 576-579)
Biosciences Subtotal (540-579)
Medical Sciences (520-539)
Agricultural Sciences (500-519)
Life Sciences Total (500-579)
Psychology (600-699)
Economics and Econometrics (720,725)
Anthropology and Sociology (700, 710)
Political Science, Public Administration, International Relations (751-755)
Other Social Sciences (708, 727-745, 760-799)
Social Sciences Total (600-799)
Total Sciences (000-799)
History (804-807) -
English and American Language and Literature (811-812)
Foreign Languages and Literature (821-829)
Other Humanities (802, 808-809, 830-879)
Humanities Total (802-879)
Professional Fields (881-897)
Education (900-999)
Total Non-Sciences (802-897, 900-999)
Other or Unspecified (899)
TITLES OF DEGREES INCLUDED IN THE SURVEY OF EARNED DOCTORATES
DAS
Doctor of Applied Science
SDJ
Doctor of Juridical Science
DArch
Doctor of Architecture
JSD
Doctor of Juristic Science
DA
Doctor of Arts
DLS
Doctor of Library Science
DBA
Doctor of Business Administration
DMin or DM
Doctor of Minstry (except professional)
JCD
Doctor of Canon Law
DM
Doctor of Music
DCJ
Doctor of Criminal Justice
DMA
Doctor of Musical Arts
DCrim
Doctor of Criminology
DME
Doctor of Music Education
EdD
Doctor of Education
DML
Doctor of Modern Languages
DEng
Doctor of Engineering
DNSc
Doctor of Nursing Science
DESc
Doctor of Engineering Science
PhD
Doctor of Philosophy
SIDE
Doctor of Engineering Science
DPE
Doctor of Physical Education
DEnv
Doctor of Environment
DPA
Doctor of Public Administration
DED
Doctor of Environmental Design
DPH
Doctor of Public Health
DFA
Doctor of Fine Arts
DRec or DR
Doctor of Recreation
DF
Doctor of Forestry
DRE
Doctor of Religious Education
DGS
Doctor of Geological Science
DSM
Doctor of Sacred Music
DHS
Doctor of Health and Safety
STD
Doctor of Sacred Theology
DHL
Doctor of Hebrew Literature
DSc
Doctor of Science
DHS
Doctor of Hebrew Studies
DScH
Doctor of Science and Hygiene
DIT
Doctor of Industrial Technology
DScD
Doctor of Science in Dentistry
LScD
Doctor of Science and Law
DSSc
Doctor of Social Science
DSW
Doctor of Social Work
ThD
Doctor of Theology
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
NAS
NAE
.National Academy Press
The National Academy Press was created by the National Academy of
Sciences to publish the reports issued by the Academy and by the
National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the
National Research Council, all operating under the charter granted to
the National Academy of Sciences by the Congress of the United States.
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
 li
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
U 0-S' 11
A.4 SUNDAY, AUGUST 7, 1988
lacks Earn Few Science Doctiiates,' Study Says
J
Other Minorities Steadily Earning More Advanced Degrees in Technological Fields
By Barbara Vobejda
Washington Post Staff Writer
Black students earned only 222,
or 1.8 percent, of the 12,480 doc-
(orates awarded to U.S. citizens in.
kraduate science and engineering
programs last year, according to..
figures released by the National
Science Foundation.
>i Of 290 doctorates awarded in
electrical engineering, none,went to
.lack students, and of 243 doctor-
iates in computer and information
jscience, just two went to blacks.
Slacks received three of 281 doc-
3orates in chemical engineering,
wo of 240 doctorates in mechanical
ngineering and five of 698 doctor-
tes in physics and astronomy. In
iology the proportion was slightly
better-45 of 2,971.
M.The statistics, in an annual study
insored by the NSF and other fed-
'1 agencies, are the most recent
evidence that minority participation
in the hard sciences, which was in-
.Greasing during the 1970s, has lev-
d off and may be declining.:
alyst at the NSF. She said that
while the number, of black women
earning science doctorates had
been up until 1984, it has declined
since. The number for black men
has. been declining throughout the
decade,
The NSF figures reflect doctor-
ates awarded from July 1986 to
June 1987. They do not include for-
eign students; there were 67 blacks
among non-citizens holding perma-
nent visas who earned science doc-
torates last year..
W. Ann Reynolds, chancellor of
the California State University sys-
tem and chair of a federal task force
on.women and minorities in science,
recommends more funding for grad-
uate scholarships, cooperation be-
'tween historically black colleges
and. graduate schools and programs
that encourage junior and senior
high students to enter science
fields.
"By the time students walk onto
our campuses, they're already cut
off from science careers," she said.
"The real preparation has to occur
in junior and senior high school."
The statistics on doctoral de-
grees underscore another. trend-
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/10/22 : CIA-RDP90-0053OR000300610001-6
Academics and federal officials
point to several contributing fac-
tors, including declining federal stu-
dent-aid grants; the absence of
black faculty who might act as role
models and a lack of preparation in
elementary and secondary schools.
Black students earning bachelor's
degrees in the sciences are heavily
recruited by, industry, where they
can earn salaries comparable to. or
only slightly less than what they
would earn after four to six years in
graduate school.
Also, there is a widespread belief
that teachers and faculty may be
unintentionally steering black stu-
dents and women away from the
hard sciences.
"This is something that is deeply
imbedded in our education system,"
said Daryl E. Chubin, who directed
a recent study by the congressional
Office of Technology Assessment
on science and engineering educa-
tion. "You can't scapegoat teachers.
It's.part of a much more complex
system."
The extraordinarily low numbers.
are seen as cause for alarm on sev-
eral counts. As minorities make up
a growing proportion of a shrinking
college-age population, they be-
come an increasingly vital, pool of
future scientists. The tendency of
black students to choose programs
other than science and engineering
could exacerbate what many be-
lieve will be a serious shortage of
scientists in the future. And this is
happening in an era when the na-
tion's competitive position is. seen
as heavily dependent on its techno-
logical prowess.
"It is a serious problem for the
country," said Joseph Danek, direc-
tor of research initiation and im-
provement at the NSF. "The coun-
try must look at the issue not just as
an equity issue but as an important
personnel issue."
Blacks-who make up about 12
percent of the population and 9 per-
cent of college freshmen-receive
2.6 percent of bachelor's degrees in
science and engineering, according
to the OTA. In non-scientific fields,
blacks do slightly better, receiving
about 5 percent of the doctorates.
While the number of blacks earn-
ing science doctorates increased
from 1975 to 1978, the number has
declined since then. There were
278 black science and engineering
doctorates, 'or 2.1 percent of the
total, in 1978.
By comparison, Hispanics, Native
Americans and Asians have earned
steadily higher numbers of science
doctorates since 1978, although the
numbers remain low for Hispanics
and Native Americans. Hispanics
earned 292 science doctorates last
year, compared to 160 nine years
earlier.
"Blacks are the only racial and
ethnic group in which this is occur-
ring," said Susan Hill, a senior an-
the dramatic increase in the num-~
ber of foreign students attending
graduate school in this country.
Foreign students earned more than;
half of the mathematics doctorates
granted last year, more than dou-
bling the 1978 percentage. In cornputer and information science, for-',
eign students earned about 42 per-
cent of the doctorates.
Most of these students hold tem-
porary, rather than permanent, VI
sas, and so are considered less like
ly to remain in the country.
This phenomenon, coupled with ;
the diminished numbers of. blacks'-,
earning doctorates, complicates
what were already serious questions
about the future supply of scientists.,,-
A study undertaken by the NSF' 7
and released recently concludes
that there will be a "substantial
shortfall" of scientists and eng_;
neers in the years ahead. The prob- ;
lem will be particularly acute in ac-
ademia, where large numbers &f::_
faculty are expected to retire a dec-.:
ode from now._
"There is going to be a hole there'
that is a very; very large hole," said
Peter House, director of the NSF's
policy, research and analysis division.-