PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF DRAFT CHAPTERS OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY: THE FIRST THIRTY YEARS, 1947-1977

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP89G00643R001100030003-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 7, 2011
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: June 9, 1987
• Content Type: MEMO

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Preliminary Review of Draft Chapters
"' J. Kenneth McDonald
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9 June 1987
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9 June 1987
MEMORANDUM FOR: Deputy Director for Administration
FROM: J. Kenneth McDonald
Chief, DCI History Staff
SUBJECT: Preliminary Review of Draft Chapters of The Central
Intelligence Agency: The First Thirty Years, 1947-1977
1. The DCI History Staff's long-range program, as approved by the
Agency's Executive Committee, includes a classified one-volume survey
history, The Central Intelligence Agency: The First Thirty Years,
1947-1977. is work has now reached the stage at which review by
specialists in the various intelligence disciplines is needed. I would like
to ask you to help us by selecting at least two knowledgeable and
experienced readers from your directorate to review draft chapters of this
history.
2. The draft history carries a SECRET classification and is intended
for circulation inside CIA. Its purpose is to provide an accurate
institutional memory for Agency managers, to help Agency employees identify
with their organization, and to provide background material and perspective
for training courses.
4. To break up the size of the review task and to expedite production,
we have attached two copies of the first half of the draft history, whose
five chapters cover the period from the end of World War II to DCI Allen
Dulles's resignation in 1961. The remaining six chapters should be ready
for similar review early in the fall. Your reviewers' suggestions will be
taken into consideration as we put this classified history into its final
form, and we'll submit the entire manuscript to the Agency's History
Advisory Board (of which you are a member) for approval before we publish
it.
UNCLASSIFIED WHEN SEPARATED
FROM ATTACHMENTS
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SECRET
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25X1
5. The types of assistance that we would find especially useful now
are: (a) pointing out any errors; (b) identifying significant omissions;
and (c) spotting any material too sensitive for the basic SECRET
classification. We would also be glad to have any other comments or
suggestions concerning the manuscript's contents, style or structure.
6. I would be grateful if you would ask your reviewers to send me
their responses by no later than 31 July 1987. In the meantime, they can
ory Staff, 316 fines Building
Attachments:
Draft History, Copies Nos. 011 & 012
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FROM (Name, ors. symbol, Agency/Post) Room No.-Bldg.
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The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
THE
Department of History
UNIVERSITY (F Wood Hall. Room 124, U-103
241 Glenbrook Road
CON1~NFG"ilaV iICUT Storrs. Connecticut 06268
December 23, 1986
As a member of the Joint Committee on Historians and Archivists
(American Historical Association member) and President of the
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, I am writing
to ask for a report on how the reviewing process is working
under the CIA Information Act of 1984. I would appreciate hearing
from you about the review program in general and about such questions
as staffing, guidelines, schedule, and oversight by historians.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Thomas G. Paterson
Professor of History
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UKAr i
17 February 1987
Professor Thomas G. Paterson
Department of History
Wood Hall, Room 124, U-103
241 Glenbrook Road
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut 06268
tIC~~'lor~ F-`tVIFu ~IVtfiJ~~
Dear Professor Paterson:
Thank you for your 23 December 1986 letter requesting information about
CIA's Historical Review Program. As a member of some years' standing, I
congratulate you on your election as president of the Society for Historians
of American Foreign Relations, and I'm glad to give you an update on our
new program's progress. I should note that although CIA's
manages the Historical Review Program, the History
Staff advises on the selection of records and is responsible for liaison
with the historical community.
As you no doubt know, PL 98-477, the CIA Information Act of 1984,
required the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), after consulting with
the Archivist of the United States, the Librarian of Congress and
representative historians, to submit a report to four congressional
committees by 1 June 1985 on the feasibility of a program for the systematic
review, declassification and release of CIA information of historical
value. I'll enclose a copy of Mr. Casey's 29 May 1985 report to Congress,
which includes as appendices the CIA Information Act, the 10 April 1985
report to the DCI by the consultants noted above, an October 1983 exchange
of letters between Mr. Casey and Senator Durenberger (which was the genesis
of this program), and a 1984 memorandum of understanding between CIA and the
National Archives (which is the precedent for handling records transferred
under this program). I'll also enclose a copy of the DCI's 18 June 1985
memorandum to all Agency employees, which briefly summarizes the program's
origins and aims.
In 1985 CIA established a new unit, the Historical Review Branch, in the
Classification Review Division, Office of Information Services, to
coordinate the actual review of documents in this program. Following our
consultants' advice, this branch is reviewing the Agency's records
chronologically, beginning with the Strategic Services Unit (SSU),
1945-1946. Similarly, in accordance with our consultants' precepts of "top
down" and "finished intelligence first," the DCI's records, 1946-1955, have
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been reviewed, and work on finished intelligence for the 1945-1960 period
has begun. Review is also under way on a large group of U-2 program
records, up to May 1960. While our review proceeds here, the National
Archives is working hard to process the final increments of several thousand
cubic feet of OSS and SSU records that CIA has transferred since June 1984.
I should also mention that we are working closely with Bill Slany and
his staff at the Department of State in their project to prepare and publish
an intelligence and foreign policy supplement to the the Foreign Relations
of the United States series. This supplement will consist OT several
volumes, both printed and microform, dealing with the relationship between
American foreign policy and the emerging intelligence community in the
immediate postwar period, 1945-1950. To move this project forward, the
Historical Review Branch is focussing its review of finished intelligence on
documents needed for these FRUS supplemental volumes. At Bill Slany's
invitation last November, the Chief of the Classification Review Division
and I briefed State's 'Advisory Committee on Historical Diplomatic
Documentation' on CIA's cooperation in this project. I'll enclose an
extract from State's minutes of this session, although you may already have
this information from SHAFR's members, Warren Cohen and Michael Hunt.
In sum, CIA's Historical Review Program is doing its best to declassify
as many historically significant records as it can without risking damage to
our national security. Since we have a statutory duty to protect
intelligence sources and methods (which often require that records remain
classified for a very long time), our work must be careful and deliberate.
For this reason we have to emphasize that the amount of material that can be
reviewed, and the yield of declassified documents from that material, will
inevitably be limited. We are trying hard, however, to concentrate our
resources on the areas that will do historians the most good.
I hope that this gives you a picture of how our Historical Review
Program is proceeding, and I look forward to seeing you at SHAFR's Annapolis
meeting next summer.
With all good wishes,
Yours sincerely,
J. Kenneth McDonald
Chief Historian
nQ 'A ;7
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1. In October 1983, when the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
took up a bill to permit the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) to
exempt certain CIA files from search under the Freedom of Information Act
(FOIA), Senator David Durenberger wrote to me about an issue highlighted by
the Agency's work with the Committee. This issue was the need to make more
declassified Agency materials available to historians. As historians write
the definitive works on the post-World War II era,' Senator Durenberger
wrote, 'it is terribly important that their studies be based on as full a
record as possible, consistent with the need to protect our national
security.' He therefore urged me to establish procedures for reviewing and
declassifying some of the material in files not covered by the bill's
exemptions. Recognizing that such a program would be a burden for the
Agency, he offered to lead the effort to provide budgetary support for new
positions to be devoted to this project.
2. I share Senator Durenberger's views on the need for an accurate
historical record, and on 4 October 1983 I wrote him stating, 'If Congress
is willing to provide the resources, I am prepared to institute a new
program of selective declassification review of those materials we believe
would be of greatest historical interest and most likely to result in
declassification of useful information.'
3. The agreement by this exchange of letters envisioned an Agency
Historical Review Program organized after the passage of the prospective
CIA Information Act and using additional resources Congress would provide
for this purpose. I had already asked the Chief of the History Staff,
however, to explore a program to release historical materials from the
World War II period. As a result of this initiative, the Agency took steps
to transfer to the National Archives its entire holdings of declassified
World War II Office of Strategic Services (OSS) permanent records, a large
collection of major historical importance. This transfer began a year ago
and up to now the National Archives has received and opened to public
research approximately 800 cubic feet of these declassified OSS records.
As I wrote to Senator Durenberger in June 1984, this transfer constitutes
an important first step in implementing the selective declassification
program I promilsed to initiate last October.'
4. In October 1984 Congress passed the CIA Information Act, which
relieves the Agency from the burden of searching certain designated files
in re ponserto FOIA requests. The Agency's commitment to a Historical
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Review Proqram and its release of OSS records played an important role in
the passage of this new Act by reassuring Congress and the public that, in
light of the Act's FOIA exemptions, the Agency will undertake new efforts
to declassify and transfer to the National Archives historically significant
CIA records. Continuing Congressional interest in historians having access
to CIA records is evident in the Act's requirement that the DCI, after
consulting with the Archivist of the United States, the Librarian of
Congress, and representative historians, submit a report to four
Congressional committees by 1 June 1985 on the feasibility of conducting a
program for the systematic review, declassification, and release to the
public of CIA information of historical value.
,5. In my report to Congress of 29 May 1985 on the Historical Review
Program, I stated that this kind of review is feasible, and described the
program that we have established to carry it out. The Agency's consulta-
tions with those officials and historians specified by the CIA Information
Act proved extraordinarily helpful, and their findings are appended to my
report to Congress. Balancing the Agency's statutory duty to protect
intelligence sources and methods with legitimate public interest in CIA
records, this new program is designed to make significant historical
information available without risking damage to national security. As I
reported to Congress, this program has my strong support and we are
determined to make it succeed.
6. As Senator Durenberger promised, Congress has provided CIA with
ten additional positions to support the Historical Review Program which
will be described in a forthcoming headquarters regulation. I have assigned
principal responsibility for the program to the office of Information
Services (OIS) in the Directorate of Administration, with advice and support
from the History Staff in the Office of the DCI. The Classification Review
Division of OIS will coordinate closely with Agency components in reviewing
documents of historical significance in order to declassify those that no
longer require protection. The program is beginning with the review of the
Agency's oldest records, which with the transfer of our declassified OSS
records are those of CIA's postwar predecessor organizations, namely, the
Strategic Services Unit (SSU) of 1945-1946 and the Central Intelligence
Group (CIG) of 1946-1947.
7. Although some time will be needed to find out how well the
Historical Review Program will work in practice, I believe that it has been
established on a sound footing. I an hopeful that this program will make
possible a more accurate record and fuller understanding of our Nation's
history since World War II.
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Lentrai inteuigence Agency
STAT
Mir. Steven Garfinkel
Director, Information Security
Oversight Office (Z)
General Services Administration
18th & F Streets, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20405
oIT TgIS
0 3 1997.J LOGGED
Enclosed is the Central Intelligence Agency's Information Security
Program Data (SF 311) report covering the period 1 October 1986 through
30 September 1987.
Classification statistics were compiled by taking an actual count of
all classification decisions made throughout the Agency during two one-week
periods. The first one-week period was in March 1987 and the second in
September 1987. The data from the two counts were combined and projected for
the entire year.
We intend to use the same count procedures in FY 88. We believe two
one-week counts provide a broader and more stable statistical base for
calculating annual classification activity within the Agency than does the
previous method of taking only one one-week count per year.
The number of original classification authorities in Section 5 is
provided for inclusion in reporting government-wide totals and should not be
attributed to CIA. This is in accordance with the DCI's responsibilities
under the CIA Act of 1949 to withhold publication of numbers of Agency
William F. Donnelly
Deputy Director
for
Administration
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(IMPORTANT . Read instructions on reverse before completing this form) OMB NO. 3090-0049
STAT Central Intelligence Agency
A. TOP SECRET
B. SECRET
C. CONFIDENTIAL
O. TOTAL
ORIGINAL
7
CLASSIFICATION
ORIGINATING AGENCY'S
DERIVATIVE
.
DECISIONS
DATE OR EVENT
DETERMINATION REQUIRED
(O.A.D.R.)
(a)
(b)
(c)
A.TOPSECRET
546
13,364
96,694
B. SECRET
1,300
4914S2
2,013,596
C. CONFIDENTIAL
650
12,896
388,648
MANDA
8
CASES FOR WHICH AGENCY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FINA
L DECISION
-
.
TORY
CASES
DECLASSIFICATION DECISIONS
CASES
REVIEW
CARRIED
OVER FROM
NEW
CASES
(Report in cases, documents, and pages)
CARRIED
REQUESTS
PREVIOUS
RECEIVED
GRANTED IN FULL
GRANTED IN PART
DENIED
OVER TO
NEXT
AND
PERIOD
(c)
(d)
(e)
PERIOD
APPEALS
(a)
(b)
CASES
DOCS.
PAGES
CASES
DOCS.
PAGES
CASES
DOCS.
PAGES
(f)
A. REQUESTS
151
273
55
90
1,85
133
636
4,19
58
122
914
178
B. APPEALS
12
4
0
0
0
2
3
44
9
36
523
5
9. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FOR DECLASSIFICATION
(In pages)
10. N
S
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YS
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DECLASSIFIED
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,
489
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3. CONTACT FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATIO
telephone no.)
1,037
F. UNAUTHORIZED
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G. IMPROPER
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C. CLASSIFICATION WITHOUT
AUTHORITY
H. IMPROPER
REPRODUCTION
INTERAGENCY REPORT
CONTROL NUMBER
logy
1,486
I. IMPROPER
TRANSMISSION
J. OTHER (Elaborate
under Item 12)
STANDARD FORM 311 (REV. 4-83)
Prescribed by GSA/ISOO
E.O. 12356
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STAT
SUBJECT: Information Security Program Data (SF 311) Report
CMB/IR1,1D/CSG/OITF--~16 October 87
Distribution:
Original - Addressee
v`l - DDA
1
- CSG Chrono
1
- DC/IS/CSG/OIT
1
- IRMD Chrono
1
- CMB Subject:
Liaison Item 19-1
1
- CMB chrono
1
- C14B Reading
2
- OIT Registry
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Mr. Steven Garfinkel
Director, Information Security
Oversight Office (Z)
General Services Administration
18th & F Streets, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20405
TRZ~'
()ZT
Enclosed is the Central Intelligence Agency's Information Security
Program Data (SF 311) report covering the period 1 October 1986 through
30 September 1987.
Classification statistics were compiled by taking an actual count of
all classification decisions made throughout the Agency during two one-week
periods. The first one-week period was in March 1987 and the second in
September 1987. The data from the two counts were combined and projected for
the entire year.
We intend to use the same count procedures in FY 88. We believe two
one-week counts provide a broader and more stable statistical base for
calculating annual classification activity within the Agency than does the
previous method of taking only one one-week count per year.
The number of original classification authorities in Section 5 is
provided for inclusion in reporting government-wide totals and should not be
attributed to CIA. This is in accordance with the DCI's responsibilities
under the CIA Act of 1949 to withhold publication of numbers of Agency
personnel.
STAT
William F. Donnelly
Deputy Director
for
Administration
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(IMPORTANT- Read instructions on reverse before completing this form)
AGENCY INFORMATION
SECURITY PROGRAM DATA
STAT Central Intelligence Agency
A. TOP SECRET
B. SECRET
C. CONFIDENTIAL
D. TOTAL
ORIGINAL
CLASSIFICATION
7
ORIGINATING AGENCY'S
DERIVATIVE
.
DECISIONS
DATE OR EVENT
DETERMINATION REQUIRED
(O.A.D.R.)
(a)
(b)
(c)
A. TOP SECRET
546
13,364
96,694
B. SECRET
1,300
49 452
2,013,S96
C. CONFIDENTIAL
650
12,896
388,648
MANDA
8
CASES FOR WHICH AGENCY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR FINAL
DECISION
.
-
TORY
CASES
DECLASSIFICATION DECISIONS
CASES
REVIEW
CARRIED
OVER FROM
NEW
CA
ES
(Report in cases, documents, and pages)
CARRIED
REQUESTS
PREVIOUS
S
RECEIVED
GRANTED IN FULL
GRANTED IN PART
DENIED
OVER TO
NEXT
AND
PERIOD
(c)
(d)
(e)
PERIOD
APPEALS
(a)
(b)
CASES
DOCS.
PAGES
CASES
DOCS.
PAGES
CASES
DOGS.
PAGES
(f)
A. REQUESTS
151
273
55
90
1,85
133
636
4,19
58
122
914
178
B. APPEALS
12
4
0
0
0
2
3
44
9
36
523
5
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FOR DECLASSIFICATION (In
9
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10. N
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.
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,
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30 Sept. 19871
3. CONTACT FOR ADDITIONAL I FOII RMAT10
telephone no.)
Office o Information Technology
Directorate of Administration
1,037
F. UNAUTHORIZED
ACCESS
G. IMPROPER
STORAGE
C. CLASSIFICATION WITHOUT
AUTHORITY
H. IMPROPER
REPRODUCTION
INTERAGENCY REPORT
CONTROL NUMBER
1,486
I. IMPROPER
TRANSMISSION
J. OTHER (Elaborate
under Item 12)
STANDARD FORM 311 (REV. 4-83)
Prescribed by GSA/ISOO
E.0.12356
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STAT cMB/IRr1D/csG/oI~
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Original/ - Addressee
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- CI4B Reading
2
- OIT Registry
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Information Security Oversight Office
Washington, DG 20405
September 10, 1987
Dear Mr. Donnelly:
With the approach of the end of the fiscal year, it is again
time for a reminder that you must provide the Information
Security Oversight Office (ISOO) with your completed Standard
Form 311, "Agency Information Security Program Data," for
FY 1987, no later than Friday, October 30, 1987. These data
serve a number of purposes, the most visible of which is their
aggregated appearance in ISOO's Annual Report to the President.
This Report is used by the Administration and the executive
branch agencies, and by the Congress, the media and the
interested public. Therefore, as managers of the Government-wide
information security system, we must be cognizant of the critical
role that these data play in support of the system's credibility
and performance. Your continuing efforts to submit these data in
a timely fashion are a very important part of this process.
On August 21, 1987, we wrote to you concerning the Standard
Form 189, "Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement."
Among the other instructions in that letter, we noted that, until
further notice, you must not withdraw a person's clearance nor
deny his or her access to classified information solely as a
consequence of his or her refusal to sign the SF 189. The
purpose of this instruction is the temporary maintenance of the
status quo with respect to each individual employee until there
are further developments in the current litigation challenging
the legality of the nondisclosure agreement. Among the follow-up
questions that have been raised concerning this instruction, the
most significant seems to be, "Assuming all other qualifying
criteria are favorable, are we now required to issue a clearance
and authorize access to classified information to someone who
refuses to sign the SF 189?"
The answer to this question in most situations remains, "No,
to the contrary." Persons who do not currently hold clearances
and are not currently authorized access to classified information
must execute the SF 189 before or concurrent with the granting of
these considerations. Remember, the purpose of the moratorium
announced in the letter of August 21, is the temporary
maintenance of the status quo-for individual employees, and has
no bearing on the issuance of new or additional access
clearances. Only in the very unusual situation in which your
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agency has already made an unqualified commitment to an
individual, the withdrawal of which will clearly disrupt the
status quo, may you grant a temporary clearance or authorize
access temporarily to someone who now refuses to sign the
nondisclosure agreement.' In such an instance, you must advise
the person that the clearance and access will eventually be
withdrawn unless he or she executes the nondisclosure agreement.
You should also brief the person individually on his or her
responsibility to protect the information from unauthorized
disclosure and the consequences that may follow from his or her
failure to meet this responsibility. Further, to avoid
misunderstandings in the future, all job announcements for
positions that require a classified information clearance should
include a statement that the successful candidate will be
required to execute a nondisclosure agreement.
Because of this and other questions, with our August 21
letter we also announced a question and answer briefing regarding
the SF 189 that we scheduled for September 3. We very much
regret that, for reasons beyond our control that pertain to the
current litigation, we were forced to cancel this briefing. We
still believe that such a briefing may be quite useful, but have
also concluded that the current situation does not permit a large
briefing in an auditorium setting. Therefore, ISOO is prepared
to offer smaller, conference room sized question and answer
briefings to prearranged agency audiences if there is a demand
for them. To make arrangements for such briefings, please have
your agency's liaison to ISOO get in touch with his or her ISOO
point of contact. In the interim, we enclose a copy of an ISCO
Fact Sheet on SF 189 that we had planned to distribute on
September 3.
Sincerely,
Steven Garfinkel
Director
Mr. William F. Donnelly
Deputy Director for Administration
Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, DC 20505
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