A MODULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD AS A FACTOR OF SELECTIVE INFLUENCE UPON THE MECHANISMS OF GOAL-ORIENTED BEHAVIOR IN ANIMALS

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UDC 612.821.6+616-073.8
A MODULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD AS A FACTOR OF SELECTIVE INFLUENCE UPON
THE MECHANISMS OF GOAL-ORIENTED BEHAVIOR IN ANIMALS
Moscow ZHURNAL VYSSHEY NERVNOY DEYATEL'NOSTI in Russian No 5, 1976 pp 899-905
(Article by K. V. Sudakov, Scientific Research Institute of Normal Physiolog;
imeni P. K. Anokhin, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, dedicated. to
the 200th anniversary of the Department of Physiology, ) scow Order of Lenin
and Order of the Red Labor Banner Medical Institute No I imeni I. M. Secheno,
[Text) The search for directed influences upon brain functions is tradi-
tionally associated with the use of various psychopharmacological agents.
However, pharmacological influences have a number of undesirable side-
effects, among which difficulties in determining their individual doses,
the duration of the aftereffects, toxic effects, and soonare foremost. All
of this forces us to seek new ways of dosed, reversible influence upon
brain activity, devoid of the clearly pronounced shortcomings of pharma-
cological preparations. It is becoming more and more obvious today that
selective impairments of mental activity similar in their manifestations to
the action of many psychopharmacological agents can be observed when living
organisms are subjected to extreme physical factors--mechanical irritation,
temperature, a gas medium, acceleration, radiation, and so on. Among these
factors, which have a significant influence upon brain functions, aspeci
role belongs to modulated electromagnetic fields in the radio-frequency rang
(12-14,18-20,23-26).
The systems approach, functional system theory in particular, has been four
to be promising in research on directed influences upon brain functions
(1,3). In contrast to the situation in research on the influence of various
extreme factors upon excitation and inhibition in the central nervous syster
functional system theory raises the issue as to which key mechanisrtis of
goal-oriented behavior (afferent synthesis, decision making, goal setting,
assessment of the result) are influenced by the given factor.
Our task was to determine which units in the central architecture of animal
goal-oriented activity are affected by a modulated electromagnetic field
(HEMF) and the sequence in which this field acts. To answer this question
we studied the effects of dosed MEMF in the following experimental situatioi
1
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A r,
?
~l :'a~. i'~~i1ge'~~ ~ tom'
.: ' Y t~ l'
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between a feeding and an avoidance reaction in re
1) Choice, by animals, in a changing situation (E. A.
spouse to the same conditioned signal 2) extinction of conditioned feeding
Asratyan's switching principle (7))i
reactions; 3) development and extinction of conditioned feeding reactions
in a group of communicating animals; 4) choice, by the ,
to obtain reinforcement in a T-maze; 5) self-stimulation
side from which
reactions.
Behavior
of Change in Goal-Oriented or nf A Rats
dancie Reaction t to the
When offered a choice Between a Feeding a
same Conditioned Signal in a Changing Situation
nt'oe the key mechanisms
In order to study the influence of IMF on.developme
actionswe built a special
behind goal-oriented feeding and avoidance re, feeding and avoid-
ance chamber in which we could develop and study
ance reactions in animals in response to the same conditioned triggering
stimulus presented in different situations reatedb~ycc hanging the color
of the remvable rear wall of the chamber
An electric lamp and a feeder were on the left side wall o ppliedf
inc amlr.
There was a brass grating to which a voltage could a the
part of the chamber floor.
The experiments were conducted in the following way. A conditioned feeding
reaction was developed in the presence of a white chamber wall in rats whichse g, i n
had first been starved for 24 ho to stheAleftrhalf off t2ieechrambernwhere the
black
to the light the animals rushed
feeder was located. Then the chamber's
intensity (30-50 volt )byeliciting
wall, and electric current of threshold
an avoidance reaction in the rats, was applied to thewh'engraatteinq in light the he left
stimulus
half of the chamber wall. Under these conditions,,
in their accustomed way,
was turned on, rats which headed for the feeder,
received electrorutaneous stimulation, which they could avoid only by moving c to the right half of the chamber. After two threel
of aoblacktchamber thell,
light and electrocutaneous stimuli in to the light
the rats developed. an avoidance. reaction--that is, in response,
the animals remained in the right, "safe" half of the chamber.
were studied in the presence of an MEP created in
The developed reactions
the chamber by means of metallic plates secureorto Tthe-front he distan andbetween rear walls the
of the chamber and connected to an ~' generat.
plates was 40 cm.
A.
instrument modified in our laboratory by A-
The EI'!F source was a UVCh-..
Lyubovnyyt used together with a ZG-10 acoustic ggenert at itfzreatedyanf
EMr with a frequency of 39 MHz, sinusoidIn modulated
expa eriments the
most
50 Hz. Modulation depth was about-SO percent.
intensity of the field inside the chamber was 30-1326 w/m. Thhenintensity
of the electric component of the EMP
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In the presence of. the MEMF, in 5-20 minutes the rats first experienced a
disturbance in avoidance reactions. In response'to the triggering stimulus,
animals in the avoidance situation (black chamber wall) rushed persistently
to the feeder despite the fact that they experienced an intense electrocut-
aneous stimulus (in this case the number of motor reactions towards the
feeder in response to light attained an average of more than eight attempts
in a single experiment; one animals made 24 such; attempts). In the time
during which the MEM' was present, replacement of the light wall by the
black wall failed to elicit the avoidance reaction seen in intact animals.
Feeding reactions in the presence of a white rear, chamber wall in response
to the triggering stimulus were the same as before. However, certain changes
were revealed in the feeding behavior of the animals. Among trained intact
rats, the reaction time to the triggering stimulus (the time between the
moment the stimulus was turned on and the moment the rat pressed the feeder
bar) was rather stable,. exhibiting extremely insignificant fluctuations
(5.7-6.6?0.08 sec). When. the MEMF was present-the-fluctuations in the
reaction time to the conditioning stimulus grew dramatically (3.2-9.9?0.3
sec). However, the difference in the means of th'e reaction times before
and during irradiation turned out to be statistically insignificant. Arisal
of frequent motor reactions toward the feeder in the interval between sig-
nals, which was practically not observed among intact animals, was also
highly typical of short-term exposure to the MEMF. The noted changes in
behavioral reactions following a 5-20-minute exposure to the MEMF were
observed in 64 percent of the rats.
When the animals were exposed to the MEMF for a longer period of time, the
changes in avoidance reactions described above were compounded by more
highly pronounced and more diverse disturbances. in feeding reactions (see
table below).
a diode voltmeter; intensity was determined using the formula E=U/d, where
U is the voltage measured at the capacitor plates, volts, and d is the dig,-
tance between the plates, meters. In addition we made control measurements
of the EMF intensity using an IEMP-l instrument.
G. D. Antimoniy (4) studied the particular manifestations of conditioned
avoidance and feeding reactions in the presence of an MEMF using the des-
cribed procedure in experiments on 28 rats. Initial training was terminated
when the rats displayed 100 percent adequate reactions in response to 10
presentations of the.triggering stimulus in the presence of a white chamber
wall. As a rule, just exchanging the white and black walls itself elicited
a distinct avoidance reaction in trained animals: The rats crowded them-
selves into a corner, hugged the chamber floor, and breathed faster. In
subsequent experiments the developed reactions were analyzed in the presence
of the MEMF..
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Avoidance Behavior
Disturbances in avoidance
reactions of the animals
in the choice situation
Absence of a reaction to
conditioned stimulus
Profound inhibition of gen-
ctivity
Feeding Behavior
Increase in fluctuations
of reaction time to
conditioned stimulus
Increase in reaction
time to condi iisaleof
stimulus.
voidance reactions
a
situation.
the "feeding"
Motor reactions toward
the feeder failing to
culminate in feeding.
Absence of a reaction to
conditioned stimulus
eral motor
Failure to chew and
Absence of a reaction to swallow food inserted
tun-
direct nociciptive s
in mouth
hone
actions
conditioned re as in human psy
time interval
MEChang 1' sources.is
aliztofn coof the ntact with basic
cessation observed in this same (18)? experimental groups
to the MEN restored have a
Comparison of data ac in behaviorlnoted in respon,sse and
the
showed that disturbances and th e acquired habits are
functional, reversible naturer Practically without aeditional training.
time interval indicated above p
subjected to MEkF for a long period of
of selective changes in the central
T us the experiments show that when,
of different bioloq
display a certain sego ical
time, rats a of
architecture of goal-oriented behavioral reactions~;dynamic disturbances
quality. Avoidance reactions suffer first of all.
ulation
on
d react
conditione also excluded
coup not subjected to the I+MM! were This
Ten rats in the control g letion developed
zom the experiments for 24 days after Cgestorationf flpreviouslynq 19).
f
time interval was not chosen randomly-
occurs 20-25 days latera(13,
afterME!'~
urology
c
Time of
Exposure
5-15 min
20-45 min
45-60 rain
1.5-2 hours
noted disturbances in behavioral reactions in
In order to reveal whether the we excluded 10 ratsThen
T to an MEP' are reversible front the eixperi11fents for 24 days.
and their
subjected ected a w2-hour HE,~T ere once in the experimental chamber.
these animals were onca e again P prior to mr-mr exposuz,e were analyzed.
s developed
i
4
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in conditioned Reflex R,eaetions of pats Expos to an M
Changes
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Peculiarities of Extinction of a Conditioned Feeding Reaction in Rats
Exposed to an MEMF
Many scientists (14,20,24) point to the inhibitory action of an EMF upon
various aspects of the behavioral and, especially, conditioned reflex
activity of animals. At the same time the nature of the inhibitory influence
of an EFIF remains unrevealed in many respects. A significant amount of exper-
imental data have appeared in recent years which clearly do not fall in line
with the notion that an EMF has inhibitory action (12,19,25,26).
If an 1EMF does elicit inhibition in the central nervous system (CNS), then
the question as to the sort of influence an MEW has on development of in-
ternal inhibition of conditioned reactions is fundamental.
In this connection, in G. D. Antimoniy's experiments (5) we analyzed the
action of an MEMF upon development of extinctional inhibition of the condi-
tioned feeding reaction. The experiments were conducted on?30 rats which
had been-initially starved for 24 hours prior to the experiment. A condi-
tioned feeding reaction was developed in all experimental animals in the
chamber described in the first section of this article. In this reaction,
in response to each light flash the animals rushed toward the feeder and
ate the food presented to them when the rear wall of the chamber was white.
After the conditioned feeding reaction was developed, the rats were divided
into two groups (experimental and control) containing 15 animals each. Both
groups of animals underwent extinction of the conditioned feeding reaction.
Extinction was performed in the presence of an MDT for rats in the experi-
mental group.. Absence of a motor reaction toward the feeder in response to
presentation of the conditioned stimulus served as the criterion of condi-
tioned reaction extinction. ,
5
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occurring in the mechanism behind assessment and synthesis of afferenta-
tions differing in biological quality.
In response to short-term ME? exposure, assessment of the significance of
situational afferentation in relation to avoidance is disturbed first of
all. After longer exposure the conditioned stimulus loses its triggering
action. Certain motor components of integral feeding and avoidance reac-
tions disappear last of all.
? As we had noted above, in response to an ME1 the animals made numerous
persistent attempts to approach the feeder in response to the conditioned
stimulus in the avoidance situation, despite intense electrocutaneous
stimulation. This fact permitted the hypothesis that behavioral disturbances
in response to short-term MEW exposure are not only the product of dis-
turbance of pretriggering integrations the capability of the animals to
predict the result of their action and to correct an incorrect behavioral
? act suffers significantly as well.
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? sure to the MEMF significantly hindered
The experiments showed that expo
development of extinctional inhibition in the rats (Figure 1).
A a
Figure J.. Mean Number ofF~lur
Stimulus With F ecessaryifor CompletedExtinction
of the Conditioned Feeding Reaction to Ratst the A -Contrti-
groupi B--for animals during exposure MEMFi
cal axis shows the number of failures of conditioned
stimulus reinforcement.
Among five animals in the. control group. five to eight failures to reinforce f the the conditioned stimulus with food elicited
nfextinction orcements,owhile nlyltwo tioned
reaction. Eight rats required 8-10 ne
animals needed over 10 nonreinforcements.
Six rats. in the experimental group, which experienced extinction in the
presence of an MEMF, needed 12-15 atarneededcZO nofeededthe
rats
15-20 nonreinforcements, and two
conditioned stimulus with food.
feeds itioned stimcreasit b food
The average number of nonreinforcements of
necessary for extinction of the conditioned
almost two times among rats subjected to extinction in the presence of an
Thus development of condi-
MEMF as compared to the control group of animals.
of an
tioned extinctional inhibition wo~aesbyiothercauttiorsn(6h10)rewhocnoted
Similar observations were ! ed condi-
tioned an MEMF dramatically hinders alteration of previously develop
tioned reflexes.
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We should note that failure to reinforce conditioned. stimuli as a rule
elicited emotional reactions expressed to varying degrees--from orientational
exploratory to aggressive--among control animals. These reactions were not
clearly expressed among rats exposed to the MEMF, and the reactions never
had an aggressive coloration.
According to P. K. Anokhin's functional system theory (2), the biologically
negative reaction arising upon failure to reinforce a conditioned feeding
reflex due to inconsistency between the real result and the properties of
the programmed apparatus of the action result acceptor is the principal
cause leading to development of internal inhibition. From this standpoint
the delay in development of extinctional inhibition of the conditioned
feeding reaction in rats during the time of exposure to an MEMF may be
dependent chiefly upon selective suppression of a biologically negative
emotional reaction arising in response to nonreinforcement of the conditioned
reflex. It can be believed that absence of a negative emotional reaction
when conditioned feeding stimuli are not reinforced in the presence of an
MEMF is what leads to the arisal of a large number of reactions to nonrein-
forced conditioned stimuli.- On the other hand, according to P. K. Anokhin's
ideas, internal inhibition occurring during extinction of conditioned
feeding reactions is associated with formation of a new acceptor of the
result of action in response to nonreinforcement in animals. It may be
possible that formation of this apparatus in the presence of an HEMF is
encumbered when the negative emotional reaction is suppressed.
Peculiarities in Extinction of Conditioned Reactions of Two Communicating
Animals in the Presence of an MEMF
The capability for assessing a situation reveals itself especially distinctl;
when several animals interact (11), and chiefly in cases where individuals
with the same dominant motives interact.
In this connection the research of our colleague, A. V. Masterov (16) had
the task of revealing the way an HEMF influences extinction of conditioned
feeding and avoidance reactions of two interacting rats. The research was
conducted on rats subjected to 1 to 2 days of starvation.
The idea behind the experiments in this series was to determine changes in
the goal-oriented conditioned reflex activity of the animals in conditions
where one of the trained animals is subjected to extinction of its condi-
tioned feeding reaction in isolation, after which another animal, also
trained in these conditions, is added to its cage.
Control experiments were first performed with.10 pairs of rats (18 males,
two females). A conditioned feeding reaction to a light stimulus was
developed in each of the,two rats separately using the procedure described
above. After the conditioned feeding reaction was developed, in response
to a light fla.;h the animals rushed toward the feeder on the left wall of
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the chamber and ate the food presented to them after 5 seconds. Then one of
the rats was subjected to extinction of the developed conditioned feeding
reaction. After this another rat was,placed in the chamber with it. After
being allowed to communicate for 30-40 minutes,-the planted rat was sub-
jected to extinction of its conditioned feeding reactioniin the presence of
the first, main rat.
The experiments showed that in the presence of main rats which had been sub-
jected to extinction of the feeding reaction previously,; all planted rats
exhibited faster extinction of the conditioned alleofntheemainoratsAfi first
same time, in the presence of planted
exhibited restoration of conditioned feeding reactions in response to the
conditioned signal, and it was only after one or two nonreinforcements that
repeated extinction of these reactions was observed (Figure 2A). All of
this points to distinct mutual influence between the rats during extinction
of conditioned feeding reactions.
Figure 2. Mean Number of Failures to Reinforce!a.Conditioned Stimulus
With Food Necessary for Complete Extinction of a Conditioned
Feeding Reaction in Communicating Rats: A--Before, B--
during exposure to the MEMF, with the main rat subjected
to extinction of the conditioned reaction beforehand,
C--rats in the main group were exposed to the MEMP before
hand. Light column--number of nonre'inforcements for main
rats in the absence of planted rats;! striped column--the
same, in the presence of planted rats; cross-hatched
column--number of nonreinforcements~for planted rats in
the presence of main rats, verticallaxis--number of non-
reinforcements of the conditioned stimulus.
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After revealing the background laws governing extinction of conditioned
feeding reactions of two interacting animals in the next series of experi-
ments conducted'on?10 other pairs of rats (16 males, four females), we
analyzed the peculiarities of the extinction of conditioned feeding reac-
tions in rats developed beforehand as they interacted in an MEW.
The experiments showed that as compared to control-experiments, on the
background of exposure to an MENU all animals planted a second time exhibited
an increase in the number of nonreinforcements required for complete extinc-
tion of the conditioned feeding reaction in the presence of the main rats.
While in control experiments the number of nonreinforcements was two to four,
after exposure to the electromagnetic field it increased to 6-9 (Figure 2S).
As in the control experiments, main rats subjected to the MEMF recovered
their conditioned feeding reactions in the presence of planted rats. The
number of nonreinforcements required to extinguish this reaction remained
the same as in the control experiments--that is, one to three.
These experiments thus indicate that in the presence of an MEMF the usual
interaction between two animals is disturbed in the process of developing
conditioned inhibition of feeding reactions. Planted animals cease to
react to animals in the main group, while the MEMF has no pronounced influ-
ence upon the latter.
We revealed from a-special series of experiments the way two rats interact
after preliminary extinction of the conditioned feeding reaction of the main
rats in an MEMF. The essence of this series of experiments was to determine
whether or not the main rats would exhibit ordinary behavior in the presence
of planted rats after preliminary exposure to an Mme. The experiments were
conducted with five pairs of experimental rats (nine.males, one female).
The experiments showed the following. As in experiments conducted by G. D.
Antimoniy (4),.after extinction of the conditioned feeding reaction the
number of nonreinforcements required by main rats increased from 6-9 to
10-14. After this other rats with previously developed conditioned feeding.
reactions were planted together with the main rats'. It was found that in
response to the conditioned light stimulus the dumber of nc;nreinforced food
getting reactions required by the main rats increased. The same was observed
for planted rats as well (Figure 2C).
Experiments in this series thus show that preliminary extinction of conditioned
feeding reactions in the presence of an ME166' also disturbs: interaction be-
tween two animals.
And so, the experiments we conducted showed that an MEMF has a noticeable
effect upon the mutual influences of two rats after conditioned feeding.
reactions are extinguished. This effect is exhibited both when the rats
are subjected to an 1EMF during interaction and prior to interaction.
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in the Change in geinforcement Side Choice Reactions in a
peculiarities Antimoniy
conducted by our colleagues. G. D.
ET-Mazexperiments Under in the this Influence series of were an ME
on rats with ,& special T-maze designed by D. S. Nadezhdinyy
and G. K. Vagina
(17). were placed for The rats, which had first been dmpazeVethof exit from whi h was blocked by
Turn-
in the start comp artment of the
located on both sides of the start compartme
in
curtain. Lamps were animal could obtain water from either the right
ing one on meant that the cur-
of the T-maze. Next to each feeder there
choice infresponse
or left feeder if the animal made the right were able
tain which-:was opened only side of reinforcement. The animals lsce were able
to the stimulus indicating the the sit after both right and wrong
to 'return to the start compArtmen
side of reinforcement. means of
turned means of
animals were exposed to the i MF in the start compartment
The enerator; the MEMF on simu
capacitor plates connecaldlta~thand it was turned off after the animal
taneously with the sign
exited to the central corridor.
the animal to pass through the maze was recorded by
The time required by trained animals, for which wrong
photoelectric cells. Only were
reinforcement side choice reactions eactions were completely absent in the course
eri ntal days and for which the latent time and total
of two or three exp subjected to the !~*
reaction time were stable, were sub? s? It was demonstrated that the
e The experiments were conducted with t8 rat third days
elicited errors in reinforcement side choice ~ weoond gandlevel of
MEr'P of exposure.
is percent rcent in 15 rats on the day number o wrong number
ng
sure to the MEff the rats aent. ?a Late=ne thin the e total l ofter expo wrong reactions up to 11 per On subsequent experimental
re -averaging s made by the rats decreased continuously#
Ses? completely re-
days urer tofwrongrage reactions is percent
lays the noels had, for practical p po re 3)?
and by the e 8th day all the side of reinforcement (Figu
covered their capability for choosing MEMF we observed additional dis-
In the first days after exposure to the
ces in the developed behavior as follows. As a rule, after water
the
time. feeder and would not return to
turban
The time the animals remained
reinforcement the rats remained at the
start compartment for a long period o increased, and the total number of
in the stat fecompartment eders decreased~e exiting
runs to the
in this series also distinctly demonstrated that an
Thus the e..eriments disturbs afferent synthesis and formulation of t he gal
VXmr significantly dist Quite
for action--the acceptor of the result oftea dtinnthenanmals animals.
for se entry
typically, these disturbances axe sure, and they are sub qu
particular period of time after one-time expo ability for that compensated. Other authors alsof ivarious paramete sl(g,Z3)?a cap
adapting to the action of MEW
10
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.5 7 9 ff 13 13 17 l9 '7 23 25
a'11 IRG/1lQYM/MmO~(1)
Figure 3. Graphical Characteristics of Rat Behavior in a T-Maze
Before, During, and After Exposure to an MEMF: Abscissa--
experimental days; ordinate--percent wrong reactions with
respect to total number of presentations of conditioned
.stimuli in the experimental day; the arrow indicates the
day of exposure to the MEMF. Averaged. for 18 animals.
Key:
1. Experimental days
Dynamics of the Disturbance of the Self-Stimulation Reaction in Rats in the
Presence of an MEMF
The results of experiments described in the previous sections show that in
all cases an MEMF has a selective action upon the capability of animals to
adequately assess a situation, on the action of triggering stimuli and rein-
forcement and so on. In P. K. Anokhin's opinion~(2) this apparatus for
assessing the results of behavior depends to a significant degree on emo-
tional states taking an active part.in the structure of the acceptor of
the results of action.
Research by Yu. A. Makarenko (15) showed that the mechanism behind the emo-
tional component of the acceptor of the result ofiaction manifests itself
clearly in the self-stimulation reaction: Application of current stimulating
cerebral structures immediately leads to an inconsistent reaction--an in-
crease in the frequency with which the stimulus lever is pressed.
We analyzed the dynamics behind the self-stimulation reaction in rats exposed
to MEMF characterized by different modulation frequencies in order to reveal
the.possible action of the MEMF upon the emotional reactions of the animals.
The experiments were conducted with 30 rats of both sexes using electrodes
chronically implanted in various subcortical formations--the anterior, latera
and posterior hypothalamus, and the mesial and lateral septal nuclei.
Stimulation of these brain structures by electric current elicited a self-
stimulation reaction in all animals when the current parameters were 10-12
volts,. 55 Hz, pulse duration 0.1-0.5 msec, and pulse train duration 0.3-0.6 se
We studied the self-stimulation reaction of these animals in a special
chamber in which a 39 MHz MEMF, modulated at
2,
7, and 50 Hz, was created
between two plates located on the side walls.
in all experiments.
Exposure time was 10 minutes
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The experiments showed the following (Figure 4).
" Illh
g 2 v 5 8 tOftfvf6f8 min
Figure 4. Dynamics Behind Change'in the Self-Stimulation Frequency
-3f Rats Exposed to EMF Modulated at Different Frequencies:
A--Modulation frequency 2 Hz, B-7 Hz, and C--50 Hz.
i pedal was
Each column represents the number of times the F
pressed in a 30-second interval, averaged for 10 animals.
The lines below the graphs indicate time of exposure to the
MEMF.
An increase in the frequency of self-stimulation reactions to 93 percent
was observed in the first two minutes of exposure to an MEMF with a modula-
tion frequency of 2 Hz; then the frequency of self-stimulation reactions
declined sharply, disappearing entirely after 4 minutes. When the rest
were exposed to an MEMF with a omu e ibackgroundcredctionzin thesfirst t2mula-
tion reaction hardly differed f observed,-
minutes; only after this time was a reduction in its frequency
continuing for 12-15 minutes.
A different pattern was observed in the presence of an MEMF with aamodulation
frequency of 50 Hz, which blocked the e these ieffectsnofetheiMEMFrdid not
immediately in all. animals. Typically,
depend on the locations of the tips of the stimulating electrodes.
Thus these experiments clearly showed that blocking havingnfa lodulation fre-
quency of 50 Hz has the most highly pronounced
emotional reactions of the animals. The experimental data we acquired
indicate a fundamental. possibility for directed.infiluence upon the emo-
tional reactions of animals by an MEMF the MEMF actiivates these reactions
when its modulation frequency is 2 Hz and blocks them when i= is 50 Hz.
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T.'S[Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/05/10: CIA-RDP88BO1125R000300120008-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/05/10: CIA-RDP88BO1125R000300120008-3
GOVERNMENT USE ONLY
Considering that an MEMF with a modulation frequency of 50 Hz blocks not
only positive but also, as we had noted above, negative emotional reactions,
it can be believed that initial disturbance of the emotional apparatus lies
at the basis of the changes experienced in the goal-oriented behavior of
animals exposed to an MEMF.
And so, the experiments we conducted indicate clear selective action of an
MEMF having a modulation frequency of 50 Hz upon certain key mechanisms in
the central architecture of behavioral functional systems in animals directed
at satisfying biological needs.
The mechanisms experiencing the greatest disturbance include those of the
animal's assessment of the action of situational and triggering stimuli and
of surrounding individuals of the same species and, on this basis, the
mechanisms behind decision making and prediction of future results--the
apparatus of the acceptor of action results. Alliof this is accompanied
? by significant disturbances in emotional reactions.
It can be believed that the disturbances we have noted in goal-oriented
activity of animals exposed to an MEMF are associated chiefly with selective
disturbance of emotional apparatus, that unique emotional component of goal-
oriented activity which our research revealed in man (22). This is also
indicated by previous works which showed the selective action of MEMF upon
limbic structures of the brain (21). Stimulationiof the limbic structures
.of the brain in turn blocks the reticular formation of the midbrain and re-
verse afferentation passing to cortical cells from the environment.
Comparing the results of our MEMF experiment with research on the action of
psychopharmacologicL..l agents of different series (8), we can note almost com-
plete similarity in the spectrums of their action:upon emotional reactions
and the states of animals.
We should note that animals have a capability for adapting to the action of
an MEN,F. The mechanisms lying behind such adaptation are still not clear.
This question will be the object of research we will conduct in the future.
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GOVERNMENT USE ONLY
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/05/10: CIA_RDP88B01125R000300120008-3
 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/05/10: CIA-RDP88B01125R000300120008-3
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 ? Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/05/10: CIA-RDP88B01125R000300120008-3
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