HERE ARE A FEW OF THE MATTERS WHICH THE DIRECTOR HAS ADDRESSED MORE PRECISELY THAN HE WAS ABLE TO IN YOUR DISCUSSION YESTERDAY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88B00443R001804360055-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2011
• Sequence Number: 55
• Publication Date: October 17, 1985
• Content Type: LETTER

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i i uct 85
D R A F T -- for D/PAO's signature
Mr. David Halevy
TIME, Inc.
Suite 850
1050 Connecticut Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20036
Dear David,
Here are a few of the matters which the Director has addressed more
precisely than he was able to in your discussion yesterday.
First, on the methods and the record on combatting terrorism, I enclose
a talk the Director gave on Monday of this week to a symposium sponsored by
the Stanford Research Institute. On pages 5, 6 and 7, some paragraphs are
marked which elaborate on methods of responding to terrorism, as well as
on pages 11, 12 and 13.
On the higher academy in Moscow which trains young Communists in the
methods they use to destabilize and achieve control of target countries,
there is elaboration in a speech made in May at the Metropolitan Club in New
York. The relevant materials are marked on pages 6, 7 and 8.
On the impact of this activity in subjugated countries, gory details are
set out in a speech to the Union League Club in New York. The relevant
passages are marked on pages 3, 4 and 5.
Sincerely,
Enclosures:
3 Speeches
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REMARKS OF WILLIAM J. CASEY
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
BEFORE THE SYMPOSIUM ON
TERRORISM AND INDUSTRY: THREAT AND RESPONSES
SPONSORED BY
THE STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC
AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
MONDAY, 14 OCTOBER 1985, 1:00 P.M.
INTERNATIONAL CLUB
WASHINGTON, D. C.
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MAKES IT EASY FOR TERRORISTS TO MASK MOVEMENTS AND MUNITIONS
DELIVERIES--AND THEN FIND SAFEHAVEN IN A SPONSORING STATE AFTER
AN ATTACK. SO THE BACKING OF GOVERNMENTS ENORMOUSLY ESCALATES
THE SCOPE AND POWER OF EVEN THE SMALLEST TERRORIST GROUPS.
ALL OF THIS IS TO SAY THAT IMPROVED PHYSICAL SECURITY FROM
TERRORISM--WHILE IMPORTANT--IS NOT ENOUGH.
NOW I WANT TO OUTLINE FOR YOU A STRATEGY FOR DEALING WITH
THIS PROBLEM. BASICALLY, THERE ARE THREE BROAD FRONTS ON WHICH
WE CAN CHALLENGE THE TERRORIST. FIRST, WE CAN IMPROVE OUR
INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITIES AND WORK TOGETHER MORE CLOSELY WITH
OTHER COUNTRIES VICTIMIZED BY TERRORISM. SECOND, WE CAN WORK
TOWARD A STRONGER LEGAL FRAMEWORK TO DEAL WITH TERRORIST ACTS
AND WITH PROSECUTING TERRORISTS THEMSELVES. THIRD, THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY CAN WORK TOGETHER TO ISOLATE TERRORIST
GANGS AND THE STATES THAT SPONSOR THESE GANGS. IN THIS WAY,
THE COMMUNITY OF CIVILIZED NATIONS CAN MORE EFFECTIVELY PREVENT
TERRORIST VIOLENCE, PREEMPT HIS PLANS AND OPERATIONS, AND--WHEN
WE CAN--RESPOND SWIFTLY AND APPROPRIATELY TO HIS ATTACKS.
AND I WISH TO STRESS THE POINT THAT ONLY COLLECTIVE RESPONSES
ARE LIKELY TO MAKE A REAL DIFFERENCE. AGAINST A THREAT WHICH
OBSERVES NO BORDERS AND RESPECTS NO NATIONAL FLAG--AND WHICH
CAN MOVE SO QUICKLY, WIDELY, AND QUIETLY--IT IS IMMEDIATELY
? APPARENT THAT NO ONE COUNTRY CAN FIGHT TERRORISM ALONE.
THE FIRST PART OF THIS STRATEGY IS TO ENCOURAGE THE
VICTIMIZED COUNTRIES TO WORK MORE CLOSELY AND TO SHARE VITAL
INFORMATION THEY HAVE ON TERRORISM. WE NEED TO KNOW AND
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UNDERSTAND THE VARIOUS TERRORIST GROUPS BETTER--THEIR OPERATING
METHODS, THEIR SUPPORT STRUCTURES, AND THEIR TRAINING CAMPS
WHICH SPROUT UP AROUND THE WORLD. THIS IS A TASK OF CONTINUING
COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF INTELLIGENCE IN WHICH THE CIVILIZED
NATIONS OF THE WORLD NEED TO COOPERATE CLOSELY.
NOW, TERRORIST GROUPS ARE VERY TOUGH NUTS FOR INTELLIGENCE
TO CRACK. THAT IS ALMOST SELF-EVIDENT. THEY ARE SMALL, NOT
EASILY PENETRATED, AND THEIR OPERATIONS ARE CLOSELY HELD AND
COMPARTMENTED. ONLY A FEW PEOPLE IN THE ORGANIZATION ARE PRIVY
TO SPECIFIC OPERATIONS. MOREOVER, TERRORISTS MOVE QUICKLY
AND PLACE A VERY HIGH PREMIUM ON SECRECY AND SURPRISE. YET
PROMPT REPORTING AND FOLLOW-UP ACTION DOES FREQUENTLY FORESTALL
TERRORIST INCIDENTS. THE MOST COMMON EXAMPLE IS FOREWARNING TO
U.S. AND FOREIGN EMBASSIES OR OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF ACTUAL
THREATS, OR STRONG INDICATIONS OF PLANNING FOR ATTACKS ON
INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS. THE USUAL RESPONSE TO THIS KIND
OF KNOWLEDGE IS HEIGHTENED ALERT, INCREASED PROTECTIVE MEASURES,
OR CHANGES IN PLANS AND SCHEDULES WHICH FREQUENTLY DISRUPT
THE TERRORISTS' PLANS AND RESULT IN A FAILURE OR A DECISION NOT
TO MAKE THE ATTEMPT.
RECENTLY, FOR EXAMPLE, INTELLIGENCE ON A THREATENED HIJACKING
OF A FOREIGN COMMERCIAL AIRLINER, COMBINED WITH EFFECTIVE POLICE
WORK, RESULTED IN A CHANGE OF TRAVEL PLANS WHICH PREVENTED THE
INTENDED HIJACKING. IN OTHER INSTANCES, IN EUROPE, THE MIDDLE
EAST, AFRICA, AND LATIN AMERICA, U.S. OFFICIALS AND BUSINESSMEN
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DIRECTLY TARGETED BY TERRORISTS HAVE BEEN TEMPORARILY REMOVED
FROM THEIR POSTS. ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS, WARNING AND DETAILED
INTELLIGENCE HAS DIRECTLY ASSISTED FOREIGN AUTHORITIES IN
CAPTURING TERRORISTS AND THWARTING THEIR EVIL PROGRAMS. SHARING
OF INTELLIGENCE ON TERRORIST PLANS AND THE WHEREABOUTS OF KNOWN
OR SUSPECTED TERRORISTS IS ANOTHER WAY THESE SERVICES CAN ASSIST
EACH OTHER. SO THIS PROCESS OF COOPERATION DOES WORK.
THROUGH INTELLIGENCE EXCHANGES, TRAINING AND OPERATIONAL
COOPERATION AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT, WE HAVE, WITH THE INTELLIGENCE,
SECURITY AND POLICE ORGANIZATIONS OF SCORES OF COUNTRIES AROUND
THE WORLD, DEVELOPED A WIDESPREAD COUNTER-TERRORISM NETWORK
WHICH NEEDS TO BE STRENGTHENED AND IMPROVED UPON. AMERICAN
INTELLIGENCE, AS THE ONLY WORLDWIDE APPARATUS OTHER THAN THE
KGB, IS AT THE HEART OF THIS. SO FAR THIS YEAR THERE WERE
SOMETHING LIKE 80 TERRORIST ACTS AROUND THE WORLD WHERE
PREVENTIVE ACTION WAS TAKEN BASED ON ADVANCE INFORMATION FROM
U.S. INTELLIGENCE.
THE SECOND MAJOR PART OF OUR PROGRAM IS TO CONTINUE WORKING--
AS A COMMUNITY OF NATIONS SUBJECT TO LAW--TO CONSTRUCT A VIABLE
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEALING WITH TERRORISTS AND
THEIR SPONSORS. THIS FRAMEWORK MUST BE TRANSNATIONAL IN CHARACTER
AND SUPPORTED BY VIGOROUS LEGAL ACTION.
INTERNATIONAL LAW REQUIRES A STATE TO CONTROL THE ACTIVITIES
OF PERSONS WITHIN ITS JURISDICTION OR TERRITORY WHICH CAUSE INJURY
TO THE CITIZENS OF OTHER STATES, AND TO PUNISH ANY PERSONS ENGAGING
IN SUCH ACTIVITIES.
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IF WE CAN DO THIS, THE TERRORIST WILL WATCH IN FRUSTRATION
AS HIS POWER OVER THE MEDIA DRIES UP AND, WITH IT, HIS POWER TO
ASSAULT THE MIND. IF CUT OFF FROM HIS SPONSORS, THE TERRORIST
WILL WATCH WITH GROWING APPREHENSION AS HE LEARNS THAT THE COSTS
AND RISKS OF HIS OPERATIONS SKYROCKET WHILE THE IMPACT OF HIS
ACTIONS PLUMMETS. IN MY VIEW, THE FUTILITY OF TERRORISM WILL
AT LAST BE MADE OBVIOUS TO THE TERRORIST HIMSELF, AND HIS
DEVASTATING WAR ON THE MIND WILL SLOWLY COME TO AN END.
YOU MIGHT WELL ASK THE VERY PERTINENT QUESTION: BUT DOES
ALL THIS WORK? I BELIEVE IT DOES. AND I CAN MENTION TWO
SUCCESS STORIES IN THE WAR ON TERRORISM.
IT MAY SURPRISE YOU TO KNOW THAT THE COUNTRY HAVING THE
HIGHEST NUMBER OF TERRORIST INCIDENTS DURING THE LATE 1970s
WAS NOT LEBANON OR ISRAEL, BUT ITALY. THE WANTON MURDERS OF
PREMIER ALDO MORO AND THE KIDNAPPING OF GENERAL DOZIER GALVANIZED
THE ITALIAN GOVERNMENT INTO ACTION. ITALIAN COURTS HAVE STEPPED
UP THEIR EFFORT AT PROSECUTING AND CONVICTING CAPTURED TERRORISTS,
AND HANDING DOWN STIFF SENTENCES. THE ITALIAN NATIONAL POLICE
AND SECURITY SERVICES HAVE STEPPED UP THEIR ACTIVITIES TARGETED
AT PENETRATING TERRORIST UNITS OR OTHERWISE SPOILING TERRORIST
OPERATIONS. MOREOVER, EUROPEAN SERVICES HAVE BEEN ACTIVE IN
SHARING INFORMATION ON THESE TERRORISTS, SUBSEQUENTLY LEADING
TO THE CAPTURE OF SOME OF THOSE INVOLVED.
AS A RESULT OF EXCELLENT INTELLIGENCE WORK, VIGOROUS POLICE
ANTI-TERRORIST ACTIVITIES, AND INCREASED COURT ACTIONS, ITALY
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SINCE THE EARLY 1980s HAS BEEN ONE OF THE COUNTRIES IN EUROPE
LEAST AFFECTED BY TERRORISM. A KEY FACTOR IN THIS EFFORT WAS
THE TURN-AROUND IN SUPPORT FOR THE ITALIAN SECURITY SERVICES
BY MOST PARTIES IN THE ITALIAN PARLIAMENT AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC.
AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THIS, DESPITE THE CURRENT CRUMBLING OF POLITIC
WILL AT THE TOP WHICH MAY BE TEMPORARY, THE ITALIAN ANTI-TERRORIST
FORCES NOW HAVE THE UPPER HAND AND ARE DOING EXCELLENT WORK IN
FIGHTING TERRORISM IN EUROPE.
ANOTHER SUCCESS STORY IS THE REPUBLIC OF EL SALVADOR.
THAT SMALL COUNTRY--THE VICTIM OF BOTH EXTERNALLY-SUPPORTED
AGGRESSION AND TERRORISM--HAS RISEN TO GRAVE CHALLENGES POSED
BY PURVEYORS OF VIOLENCE WHO RECEIVE THEIR ORDERS FROM MANAGUA
AND HAVANA.
IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, WE HAVE WITNESSED AN INCREASE IN V~
MARXIST-DIRECTED TERRORISM THAT HAS INCLUDED BOMBINGS OF CIVILIAN
INSTALLATIONS, THE MINING OF PUBLIC ROADS, ARMED ROBBERIES,
BRUTAL KIDNAPPINGS, AND ASSASSINATIONS. THIS INCREASING TURN
TO TERRORISM HAS COME ABOUT IN PART BECAUSE OF THE GROWING
POPULAR SUPPORT FOR PRESIDENT DUARTE'S GOVERNMENT AND IN PART
BECAUSE OF THE RAPIDLY FALTERING POLITICAL AND MILITARY FORTUNES
OF THE REBELS. THE INSURGENTS INCREASINGLY HAVE FALLEN BACK
ON DRAMATIC ACTS OF VIOLENCE TO DRAW ATTENTION TO THEIR CAUSE
AND FORCE PRESIDENT DUARTE'S POPULARLY-ELECTED GOVERNMENT TO
SHARE POLITICAL POWER.
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YOU MAY RECALL THAT LAST JUNE A GANG OF MARXIST THUGS
STAGED A BLOODY MACHINEGUN SLAYING OUTSIDE A SIDEWALK CAFE OF
13 UNARMED PEOPLE--INCLUDING FOUR OFF-DUTY U.S. MARINES AND
TWO U.S. BUSINESSMEN. THE SO-CALLED CENTRAL AMERICAN REVOLUTIONAR
WORKERS PARTY--WHICH CLAIMED "CREDIT" FOR THE JUNE SLAYINGS--
IS A MEMBER IN GOOD STANDING OF THE FIVE-GROUP SALVADORAN
MARXIST ALLIANCE AND HAS ITS COMMAND HEADQUARTERS IN MANAGUA,
NICARAGUA.
THE SALVADORAN GOVERNMENT RESPONDED QUICKLY AND DECISIVELY
TO THIS URBAN TERRORIST THREAT. SINCE THE JUNE MASSACRE, THE
SALVADORAN ARMY HAS LAUNCHED OPERATIONS AGAINST THESE TERRORISTS
AND OTHER MARXIST BASE CAMPS IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN MOUNTAINS
THE ARMY'S OFFENSIVE HAS PROVED QUITE SUCCESSFUL AS A LARGE
NUMBER OF INSURGENTS--INCLUDING SOME FIELD COMMANDERS--WERE KILLED,
COMMUNICATION LINES WERE DISRUPTED, AND SUPPLIES CAPTURED.
CAPTURED DOCUMENTS AND PRISONERS, IN TURN, PROVIDED VALUABLE
INTELLIGENCE WHICH THE SECURITY FORCES PROMPTLY USED IN ROUNDING
UP SOME 40 URBAN TERRORISTS, INCLUDING TWO OF THE ACTUAL
TRIGGERMEN INVOLVED IN THE JUNE KILLINGS. THE TRIGGERMEN WILL
BE TRIED FOR MURDER.
LET ME GIVE YOU ONE FINAL THOUGHT ON WHICH MUCH FURTHER
STUDY AND WORK IS NEEDED. DR. ALEXANDER TALKED THIS MORNING
ABOUT THE TERRORIST NETWORK. THIS NETWORK MAY NOT BE A COMPONENT
OF BUT IT WORKS IN UNISON WITH WHAT THE SOVIETS HAVE DEVELOPED
INTO THE MOST POWERFUL WEAPONS SYSTEM THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN.
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REMARKS OF WILLIAM J. CASEY
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
BEFORE
THE METROPOLITAN CLUB OF NEW YORK CITY
1 May 1985
Metropolitan Club
One East Sixtieth Street
New York, New York 10022
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Let me now give you an insight on how all this happens. In early 1981,
I had a talk with Bob Ames, our CIA Middle East expert, who died at the hands
of a terrorist attack in Beirut in 1983. Stationed in Aden, South Yemen, in
1967, he met and befriended the young revolutionary Abd'al Fatah Ismail, who
became President of South Yemen and is now back in Aden after being exiled
briefly to the USSR. Abd'al Fatah told Bob of his experience in the higher
comsomul school which the Soviets maintain for training young revolutionaries
from non-Communist countries. He explained that he had been taught in Moscow
that he would need 20 years, a generation, to consolidate his revolution. He
would have to control the education of the youth. He would have to uproot
and ultimately change the traditional elements of society. This meant
undermining the influence of religion and taking the young away from their
parents for education by the state. He was taught that to control the people
he would have to establish block committees and a powerful secret police.
Finally, Abd'al Fatah spoke in impassioned terms of a need to export revolution
to carry out his mission as a dedicated Marxist-Leninist and to ensure that
attention was focused on neighboring countries thus diverting attention from
his own country and allowing it to consolidate its revolution.
Bob Ames said that as he looked back, Abd'al Fatah--with Soviet bloc
help--had done as he said he would. He captured and subverted a legitimate
war of liberation. He killed or drove into exile those members of the movement
who believed in democracy and then went about the work of consolidating a
Communist regime and began armed subversion against Oman and North Yemen.
In Ethiopia, Angola, Afghanistan, Nicaragua, and Grenada, dedicated
Marxist-Leninist revolutionaries followed this Soviet blueprint with only
slight modifications.
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Our analysts have studied this blueprint for taking over a government
and consolidating a totalitarian regime as it has been exemplified in seven
totalitarian regimes; six Marxist-Leninists in Cuba, South Yemen, Ethiopia,
Angola, Grenada, Nicaragua, and the Islamic revolutionary government of Iran.
They have identified 46 indicators of the consolidation of power by a Marxist-
Leninist regime. These indicators measure the movement toward one-party
government, control of the military, of the security services, of the media,
of education, of the economy, the forming or takeover of labor or other mass
organizations, exerting social and population control, curbing religious
influence and alignment with the Soviet bloc.
Of the 46 indicators, Nicaragua in five and one-half years has accomplished
33. They have established control of the media, taken over radio and TV,
censored the broadcasts of Sunday sermons of the Archbishop of Managua, and
subjected the only free newspaper, La Prensa, to a brutal daily censorship.
They have taken control of the education system. Nicaraguan textbooks now
teach Marxism. They attack the tenets of Western democracy. They attack
traditional religious teachings and encourage children to maintain revolutions y
vigilance by watching for signs of ideological impurities in their neighbors,
friends and relatives. The Sandinistas have taken control of the military.
They have taken control of the internal secret police and have established a
Directorate of State Security. That directorate, according to our reports,
has hundreds of Cuban, Soviet, East German and Bulgarian advisors. There ar
Soviet advisors at every level of the secret police. In fact, it is safe to
-say that it is controlled by the Soviet Union and its surrogates. Block
committees have been established to watch and control the people. The Church
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has been persecuted. Witness the campaign mounted by the Directorate
of State Security to harass and embarrass Pope John Paul II during his 1983
visit to Nicaragua. They have used political mobs (similar to the Red Guards
of Soviet and Chinese revolutionary history) to attack democratic politicians,
union members and religious leaders. And finally, just as Abd'al Fatah told
Bob Ames what he must do, and following Hitler and Khrushchev, the Sandinistas
have told the world, that they would spread the example of Nicaragua beyond
El Salvador to Honduras, Guatemala, and the entire region.
An integral part of this blueprint for subversive aggression is deception
and disinformation to manipulate and influence public opinion and policies in
western countries. This takes many shapes and forms.
A worldwide propaganda campaign has been mounted and carried out on
behalf of the Sandinista regime and Salvadoran guerrillas which would not
have been possible without the capabilities, the contacts, and the communications
channels provided by the Soviet bloc and Cuba. The Sandinistas themselves
have shown remarkable ingenuity and skill in projecting disinformation into
the United States itself. Perhaps the best example of this is the systematic
campaign to deceive well-intentioned members of the western media and of
western religious institutions.
There are many examples of Nicaraguan deception. The Sandinista press,
radio and government ministry have put out claims that the US used chemical
weapons in Grenada, that the US was supplying Nicaraguan freedom fighters
with drugs, and that the US might give the opposition bacteriological weapons.
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REMARKS OF WILLIAM J. CASEY
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
before
THE UNION LEAGUE CLUB
The Union League Club
New York City
Wednesday, 9 January 1985
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What do we see in the occupied countries--Afghanistan, Cambodia, Ethiopia,
Angola, Nicaragua--in which Marxist regimes have been either imposed or
maintained by external forces? In the aggregate there has occurred a holocaust
comparable to that which Nazi Germany inflicted in Europe some 40 years ago.
Over four million Afghans, more than one-quarter of the population, have had
to flee their country into Pakistan and Iran. The Helsinki Watch tells us
that they have fled because "the crimes of indiscriminate warfare are combined
with the worst excesses of unbridled state-sanctioned violence against civilians."
It cites evidence of "civilians burned alive, dynamited, beheaded; crushed
by Soviet tanks; grenades thrown into rooms where women and children have
been told to wait...From throughout the country come tales of death on every
scale of horror, from thousands of civilians buried in the rubble left
by fleets of bombers to a young boy's throat being dispassionately slit by
occupying soldiers." Tens of thousands of children have been taken from
their parents and sent outside of the country for reeducation.
In Cambodia, 2-3 million people, something like one-quarter of the
pre-war population, have been killed in the most violent and brutal manner
by both internal and external Marxist forces. The invasion of the country
by the Vietnamese army in 1978 and the scorched earth policy adopted then
created a famine. When international relief agencies, including the Red
Cross and the International Rescue Committee, tried to feed the starving
population by a "land bridge" of trucks coming in from Thailand, the Vietnames
government blocked them. We estimate that some 350,000 civilians died in
that year.
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In Nicaragua, our Department of State has reported--and intelligence
sources confirm--widespread violations of basic human rights. The International
League for Human Rights has stated that the Sandinistas have forcibly relocated
up to 14,500 Indians and completely destroyed entire villages. In late 1983,
some 200 members of one of the largest non-Marxist political parties, the
Democratic Conservative Party, were in jail for political activities. Censorshi
is extensive, opposition leaders have been prevented from traveling abroad,
people in the cities are organized block-by-block and kept under the scrutiny
and control of a system of neighbor informers based on the Cuban system.
Angola is an economic basket case as a Marxist government is kept in
power by the presence of 30,000 Cuban troops. In all these countries the
indigenous army formed by the Marxist government suffers large and continuing
desertions to the resistance and is almost entirely ineffective.
In Ethiopia, a Marxist military government is supported with extensive
military support from Moscow and thousands of Cuban troops as it spends
itself into bankruptcy trying unsuccessfully to extinguish opposition in its
northern provinces. By collectivizing agriculture, creating state farms and
collectives, and keeping food prices low in order to maintain urban support,
it has exacerbated a famine which threatens the lives of millions of its
citizens. It has blocked emergency food deliveries to the hungry remote
areas, particularly those in provinces where insurgencies are active. It
has exploited the famine by using food as a weapon. In urban areas, for
example, food rations are distributed through party cells. In government-
controlled emergency feeding stations, incoming victims must be registered
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and certified by party authorities. The government is using the drought and
famine as an excuse to forceably relocate tens of thousands of victims from
northern provinces hundreds of miles to the south, without any evident efforts
to receive them in the new camps.
Cuba, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Angola, and Nicaragua, all economic basket
cases, receive in the aggregate five to six billion dollars in military and
economic aid from the Soviet Union. This enables Vietnam to maintain the
fourth largest army in the world, Ethiopia the largest army in Africa, Cuba
the second most powerful military apparatus in the Western Hemisphere, Nicaragu
a military force larger than all its Central American neighbors put together.
There are over 100,000 Soviet troops in Afghanistan, 170,000 Vietnamese
troops in Cambodia, 40,000 Cuban troops in Africa. This is worldwide
military aggression directly and by proxy. That and the horror of it is the
bad news.
The good news is that the tide has changed. Today in Afghanistan,
Angola, Cambodia, Ethiopia, and Nicaragua, to mention only the most prominent
arenas, hundreds of thousands of ordinary people are volunteers in irregular
wars against the Soviet Army or Soviet-supported regimes. Whereas in the
1960s and 1970s anti-Western causes attracted recruits throughout the Third
World, the 1980s have emerged as the decade of freedom fighters resisting
Communist regimes. In many places, freedom has become as exciting and
revolutionary as it was here in America over 200 years ago.
c
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