PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS TO THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88B00443R001804360029-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 23
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2011
• Sequence Number: 29
• Publication Date: October 23, 1985
• Content Type: MEMO

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NOTE FOR:
FROM: DCI
SUBJECT: President's Address to the
UN General Assembly
Go ahead and show this to Gates,
and anyone else
you think appropropriAte.
William J. Casey
STAT
STAT
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r ' 1
(ELLIU1T/BUCHANAN/KHACHI-GIAN)
OCTOBER 22, 1985
5:00 P.M.
PRESIDENT'S BACKUP COPY
ADDRESS TO THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1985
MR. PRESIDENT, MR. SECRETARY GENERAL, HONORED
GUESTS AND DISTINGUISHED DELEGATES. THANK YOU FOR THE
HONOR OF PERMITTING ME TO SPEAK ON THIS ANNIVERSARY FOR
THE UNITED NATIONS.
FORTY YEARS AGO, THE WORLD AWOKE DARING TO BELIEVE
HATRED's UNYIELDING GRIP HAD FINALLY BEEN BROKEN --
DARING TO BELIEVE THE TORCH OF PEACE WOULD BE PROTECTED
IN LIBERTY's FIRM GRASP. ::.
FORTY YEARS AGO, THE WORLD YEARNED TO DREAM AGAIN
INNOCENT DREAMS, TO BELIEVE IN IDEALS WITH INNO
TRUST. DREAMS OF TRUST ARE WORTHY. BUT IN THESE
40 YEARS TOO MANY DREAMS HAVE BEEN SHATTERED, TOG MAk(
PROMISES HAVE BEEN BROKEN, TOO MANY LIVES HAVE BEEN
LOST, THE PAINFUL TRUTH IS THAT THE USE OF VIOLENCE TO
TAKE, TO EXERCISE, AND TO PRESERVE POWER REhAINS A
PERSISTENT REALITY IN MUCH OF'THE WORLD.
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THE VISION OF THE U.N. CHARTER -- TO SPARE
SUCCEEDING GENERATIONS THIS SCOURGE OF WAR -- REIMAINS
REAL, IT STILL STIRS OUR SOULS AND WARMS OUR HEARTS.
BUT IT ALSO DEMANDS OF US A REALISM THAT IS ROCKHARD,
CLEAR-EYED, STEADY AND SURE -- A REALISM THAT
UNDERSTANDS THE NATIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS ARE NOT
UNITED.
I COME BEFORE YOU THIS MORNING PREOCCUPIED WITH
PEACE, WITH ENSURING THAT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOME
OF US NOT BE PERMIT1LD TO DEGENERATE INTO OPEN
CONFLICT. AND I COME OFFERING FOR MY OWN COUNTRY A NEW
COMMITMENT, A FRESH START.
ON THIS U.N. ANNIVERSARY, WE ACKNOWLEDGE ITS SUCCESSES: THE DECISIVE ACTION DURING THE KOREAN WAR;
NEGOTIATION OF THE NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY;.STRONG
SUPPORT FOR DECOLONIZATION; AND THE LAUDABLE
ACHIEVEMENTS BY THE U.N. HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR
REFUGEES.
NOR MUST WE CLOSE OUR EYES TO THIS ORGANIZATION's
DISAPPOINTMENTS: ITS FAILURE TO DEAL WITH REAL
SECURITY ISSUES, THE TOTAL INYERSION OF MORALITY IN THE
INFAMOUS ZIONISM-IS-RACISM RESOLUTION, THE
POLITICIZATION OF TOO MANY AGENCIES, THE MISUSE OF TOO
MANY RESOURCES.
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- THE U,N, IS A POLITICAL INSTITUTION AND POLITICS
REQUIRES COMPROMISE, WE RECOGNIZE THAT. BUT LET US
REMEMBER -- FROM THOSE FIRST DAYS, ONE GUIDING STAR WAS
SUPPOSED TO LIGHT OUR PATH TOWARD THE U.N. VISION OF
PEACE AND PROGRESS -- THE STAR OF FREEDOM,
WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE WILL WE BE 40 YEARS FROM
TODAY? MAY WE ANSWER -- FREE PEOPLE, WORTHY OF
FREEDOM, AND FIRM IN THE CONVICTION THAT FREEDOM IS NOT
THE SOLE PREROGATIVE OF A CHOSEN FEW, BUT THE UNIVERSAL
RIGHT OF ALL GOD's CHILDREN.
THIS IS THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
SET FORTH IN 1948. AND THIS IS THE AFFIRMING FLAM THE
UNITED STATES HAS HELD HIGH TO A WATCHING WORLD. WE
CHAMPION FREEDOM NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT IS PRACTICAL AND
BENEFICIAL. BUT BECAUSE IT IS MORALLY RIGHT AND JUST.
FREE PEOPLE, WHOSE GOVERNMENTS REST UPON THE
CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED, DO NOT WAGE WAR ON THEIR
NEIGHBORS. FREE PEOPLE, BLES.ED.BY-ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY, AND PROTECTED 5Y LAWS THAT RESPECT THE
DIGNITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL, ARE NOT DRIVEN TOWARD THE
DOMINATION OF OTHERS.
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- WE READILY ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE UNITED STATES IS
FAR FROM PERFECT. YET WE HAVE ENDEAVORED EARNESTLY TO
CARRY OUT OUR RESPONSIBILITIES TO THE CHARTER THESE
PAST 40 YEARS, AND WE TAKE NATIONAL PRIDE IN OUR
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PEACE:
WE TAKE PRIDE IN 40 YEARS OF HELPING AVERT A NEW
WORLD WAR AND PRIDE IN OUR ALLIANCES THAT PROTECT AND
PRESERVE US AND OUR FRIENDS FROM AGGRESSION. WE TAKE
PRIDE IN THE CAMP DAVID AGREEMENTS AND OUR EFFORTS FOR
PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST ROOTED IN RESOLUTIONS 242 AND
338; IN SUPPORTING PAKISTAN, TARGET OF OUTSIDE
INTIMIDATION; IN ASSISTING EL SALVADOR's STRUGGLE TO
CARRY FORWARD ITS DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION; IN ANSWERING
THE APPEAL OF OUR CARIBBEAN FRIENDS IN GRENADA; IN
SEEING GRENADA's REPRESENTATIVE HERE TODAY, VOTING THE
WILL OF ITS OWN PEOPLE. AND WE TAKE PRIDE IN OUR
PROPOSALS TO REDUCE THE WEAPONS OF WAR.
WE SUBMIT THIS HISTORY AS EVIDENCE OF OUR
SINCERITY OF PURPOSE. BUT TODAY IT IS MORE IMPORTANT
TO SPEAK TO YOU ABOUT WHAT MY COUNTRY PROPOSES TO DO,
IN THESE CLOSING YEARS OF THE 20TH CENTURY, TO BRING
ABOUT A SAFER, A MORE PEACEFUL, A MORE CIVILIZED WORLD.
LET US BEGIN WITH CANDOR -- WITH WORDS THAT REST
ON PLAIN AND SIMPLE FACTS. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
AMERICA AND THE SOVIET UNION ARE DEEP AND ABIDING.
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-5-
- THE UNITED STATES IS A DEMOCRATIC NATION. hERE
THE PEOPLE RULE. WE BUILD NO WALLS TO KEEP THEM IN,
NOR ORGANIZE ANY SYSTEM OF POLICE TO KEEP THEM MUTE.
WE OCCUPY NO COUNTRY. THE ONLY LAND ABROAD WE OCCUPY
IS BENEATH THE GRAVES WHERE OUR HEROES REST. WHAT 1S
CALLED THE WEST IS A VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION OF FREE
NATIONS, ALL OF WHOM FIERCELY VALUE THEIR INDEPENDENCE
AND THEIR SOVEREIGNTY. AND AS DEEPLY AS WE CHERISH OUR
BELIEFS, WE DO NOT SEEK TO COMPEL OTHERS TO SHARE THEM.
WHEN WE ENJOY THESE VAST FREEDOMS AS WE DO, IT IS
DIFFICULT FOR US TO UNDERSTAND THE RESTRICTIONS OF
DICTATORSHIPS WHICH SEEK TO CONTROL EACH INSTITUTION
AND EVERY FACET OF PEOPLE's LIVES, THE EXPRESSION OF
THEIR BELIEFS, THEIR MOVEMENTS, AND THEIR CONTACTS WITH
THE OUTSIDE WORLD. IT IS DIFFICULT FOR US TO
UNDERSTAND THE IDEOLOGICAL PREMISE THAT FORCE IS AN
ACCEPTABLE WAY TO EXPAND A POLITICAL SYSTEM.
WE AMERICANS DO NOT ACCEPT THAT ANY GOVERNMENT HAS
THE RIGHT TO COMMAND AND ORDER THE LIVES OF ITS PEOPLE,
THAT ANY NATION HAS AN HISTORIC RIGHT TO USE FORCE TO
EXPORT ITS IDEOLOGY. THIS BELIEF -- REGARDING THE
NATURE OF MAN AND THE LIMITATIONS OF GOVERNMENT -- IS
AT THE CORE OF OUR DEEP AND ABIDING DIFFERENCES WITH
THE SOVIET UNION, DIFFERENCES THAT PUT US INTO NATURAL
CONFLICT -- AND COMPETITION -- WITH ONE ANOTHER.
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- WE WOULD WELCOME ENTHUSIASTICALLY A TRUE
COMPETITION OF IDEAS, WELCOME N COMPETITION OF ECONOMIC
STRENGTH AND SCIENTIFIC AND ARTISTIC CREATIVITY, AND,
YES, WELCOME A COMPETITION FOR THE GOOD WILL OF THE
WORLD's PEOPLE, BUT WE CANNOT ACCOMMODATE OURSELVES TO
THE USE OF FORCE AND SUBVERSION TO CONSOLIDATE AND
EXPAND THE REACH OF TOTALITARIANISM.
WHEN MR. GORBACHEV AND I MEET IN GENEVA NEXT
MONTH, I LOOK TO A FRESH START IN THE RELATIOKSHIP OF
OUR TWO NATIONS, WE CAN AND SHOULD MEET IN THE SPIRIT
THAT WE CAN DEAL WITH OUR DIFFERENCES PEACEFULLY, THAT
IS WHAT WE EXPECT.
THE ONLY WAY TO RESOLVE DIFFERENCES IS TO
UNDERSTAND THEM, WE MUST HAVE CANDID AND COMPLETE
DISCUSSIONS OF WHERE DANGERS EXIST AND WHERE PEACE IS
BEING DISRUPTED. MAKE NO MISTAKE: OUR POLICY OF OPEN
AND VIGOROUS*COMPETITION RESTS ON A REALISTIC VIEW OF
THE WORLD. THEREFORE, AT GENEVA, WE MUST REVIEW THE
REASONS FOR THE CURRENT LEVEL OF.MISTRUST.
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- FOR EXAMPLE, IN 1972 THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
NEGOTIATED IN GOOD FAITH A BAN ON BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN
WEAPONS, IN 1975 WE NEGOTIATED THE HELSINKI ACCORDS ON
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS; AND DURING THE DECADE JUST
PAST, THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOVIET UNION NEGOTIATED
SEVERAL AGREEMENTS ON STRATEGIC WEAPONS, YET, WE FEEL
IT WILL BE NECESSARY AT GENEVA TO DISCUSS WITH THE
SOVIET UNION WHAT WE BELIEVE ARE THEIR VIOLATIONS OF A
NUMBER OF THE PROVISIONS IN ALL OF THESE AGREEMENTS.
INDEED, THIS IS WHY IT IS IMPORTANT THAT WE HAVE THIS
OPPORTUNITY TO AIR OUR DIFFERENCES THROUGH FACE-TO-FACE
MEETINGS -- TO LET FRANK TALK SUBSTITUTE FOR ANGER AND
TENSION.
THE UNITED STATES HAS NEVER SOUGHT TREATIES MERELY
TO PAPER OVER DIFFERENCES, WE CONTINUE TO BELIEVE THAT
A NUCLEAR WAR IS ONE THAT CANNOT BE WON AND MUST NEVER
BE FOUGHT, THAT IS WHY WE HAVE SOUGHT, FOR NEARLY
10 YEARS, STILL SEEK, AND WILL DISCUSS IN GENEVA
RADICAL, EQUITABLE, VERIFIABLE REDUCTIONS IN THESE VAST
ARSENALS OF OFFENSIVE NUCLEAR WEAPONS.
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- n -
- AT THE BEGINNING OF THE LATEST ROUND OF THE
ONGOING NEGOTIATIONS IN GENEVA, THE SOVIET UNION
PRESENTED A SPECIFIC PROPOSAL INVOLVING NUMERICAL
VALUES. WE ARE STUDYING THE SOVIET COUNTER-PROPOSAL
CAREFULLY. I BELIEVE THAT WITHIN THEIR PROPOSAL THERE
ARE SEEDS WHICH WE SHOULD NURTURE, AND IN THE COMING
WEEKS WE WILL SEEK TO ESTABLISH A GENUINE PROCESS OF
GIVE-AND-TAKE.
THE UNITED STATES IS ALSO SEEKING TO DISCUSS WITH
THE SOVIET UNION IN GENEVA THE VITAL RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE SYSTEMS, INCLUDING THE
POSSIBILITY OF MOVING TOWARD A MORE STABLE AND SECURE
WORLD IN WHICH DEFENSES PLAY A GROWING ROLE.
THE BALLISTIC MISSILE IS THE MOST AWESOME,
THREATENING, AND DESTRUCTIVE WEAPON IN THE HISTORY OF
MAN, THUS, I WELCOME THE INTEREST OF THE NEW SOVIET'
LEADERSHIP IN THE REDUCTION OF OFFENSIVE STRATEGIC
FORCES, ULTIMATELY, WE MUST REMOVE THIS MENACE -- ONCE
AND FOR ALL -- FROM THE FACE OF THIS EARTH.
UNTIL THAT DAY, THE UNITED STATES SEEKS TO ESCAPE
THE PRISON OF MUTUAL TERROR BY RESEARCH AND TESTING
THAT COULD, IN TIME, ENABLE US TO NEUTRALIZE THE THREAT
OF THESE BALLISTIC MISSILES AND, ULTIMATELY, RENDER
THEM OBSOLETE.
Ti
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- HOW IS MOSCOW THREATENED -- IF THE CAPITALS OF
OTHER NATIONS ARE PROTECTED? WE DO NOT ASK THAT THE
SOVIET LEADERS -- WHOSE COUNTRY HAS SUFFERED SO MUCH
FROM WAR -- LEAVE THEIR PEOPLE DEFENSELESS AGAINST
FOREIGN ATTACK. WHY THEN DO THEY INSIST THAT WE REMAIN
UNDEFENDED? WHO IS THREATENED IF WESTERN RESEARCH --
AND SOVIET RESEARCH THAT IS ITSELF WELL-ADVANCED --
SHOULD DEVELOP A NON-NUCLEAR SYSTEM WHICH WOULD
THREATEN NOT HUMAN BEINGS, BUT ONLY BALLISTIC MISSILES?
SURELY, THE WORLD WILL SLEEP MORE SECURE WHEN
THESE MISSILES HAVE BEEN RENDERED USELESS, MILITARILY
AND POLITICALLY, WHEN THE SWORD OF DAMOCLES THAT HAS
HUNG OVER OUR PLANET FOR TOO MANY DECADES IS LIFTED BY
WESTERN AND RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS WORKING TO SHIELD THEIR-
CITIES-'AND'. THEIR CITIZENS AND ONE DAY SHUT DOWN SPACE
AS AN AVENUE FOR WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION.
IF WE ARE DESTINED BY HISTORY TO COMPETE.
MILITARILY, TO KEEP THE PEACE, THEN LET US COMPETE IN
SYSTEMS THAT DEFEND OUR SOCIETIES RATHER THAN WEAPONS
WHICH CAN DESTROY US BOTH, AND MUCH OF GOD'S CREATION
ALONG WITH US,
SOME 18 YEARS AGO, THEN-PREMIER ALEKSEI KOSYGIN
WAS ASKED ABOUT A MORATORIUM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN
ANTI-MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM. THE OFFICIAL SOVIET NEWS
AGENCY, "TASS," REPORTED HE REPLIED WITH THESE WORDS:
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- "I BELIEVE THAT DEFENSIVE SYSTEMS, WHICH PREVENT
ATTACK, ARE NOT THE CAUSE OF THE ARMS RACE, BUT
CONSTITUTE A FACTOR PREVENTING THE DEATH OF PEOPLE,.,.
MAYBE AN ANTI-MISSILE SYSTEM IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN AN
OFFENSIVE SYSTEM, BUT IT IS DESIGNED NOT TO KILL PEOPLE
BUT TO PRESERVE HUMAN LIVES."
PRESERVING LIVES. NO PEACE IS MORE FUNDAMENTAL
THAN THAT, GREAT OBSTACLES LIE AHEAD, BUT THEY SHOULD
NOT DETER US, PEACE IS GOD's COMMANDMENT. PEACE IS
THE HOLY SHADOW CAST BY MEN TREADING ON THE PATH OF
VIRTUE.
BUT JUST AS WE ALL KNOW WHAT PEACE IS, WE
CERTAINLY KNOW WHAT PEACE IS NOT.
PEACE BASED ON REPRESSION CANNOT BE TRUE PEACE AND
IS SECURE ONLY WHEN INDIVIDUALS ARE FREE TO DIRECT
THEIR OWN GOVERNMENTS.
PEACE BASED ON PARTITION CANNOT BE TRUE PEACE.
PUT SIMPLY: NOTHING CAN JUSTIFY THE CONTINUING AND
PERMANENT DIVISION OF THE*EUROPEAN CONTINENT. WALLS OF
PARTITION AND DISTRUST !MUST GIVE WAY TO GREATER
COMMUNICATION FOR AN OPEN WORLD. BEFORE LEAVING FOR
GENEVA, I SHALL MAKE MAJOR NEW PROPOSALS TO ACHIEVE
THIS GOAL.
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- PEACE BASED ON MUTUAL FEAR CANNOT BE TRUE PEACE
BECAUSE STAKING OUR FUTURE ON A PRECARIOUS tALANCE OF
TERROR IS NOT GOOD ENOUGH. THE WORLD NEEDS A BALANCE
OF SAFETY,
FINALLY, A PEACE BASED ON AVERTING OUR EYES FROM
TROUBLE CANNOT BE TRUE PEACE. THE CONSEQUENCES OF
CONFLICT ARE EVERY BIT AS TRAGIC WHEN THE DESTRUCTION
IS CONTAINED WITHIN ONE COUNTRY,
REAL PEACE IS WHAT WE SEEK, AND THAT IS WHY TODAY
THE UNITED STATES IS PRESENTING AN INITIATIVE THAT
ADDRESSES WHAT WILL BE A CENTRAL ISSUE IN GE4EVA -- THE
RESOLUTION OF REGIONAL CONFLICTS IN AFRICA, ASIA, AND
CENTRAL AMERICA.
OUR OWN POSITION IS CLEAR: AS THE OLDEST NATION
OF THE NEW WORLD, AS THE FIRST ANTI-COLONIAL POWER, THE
UNITED STATES REJOICED WHEN DECOLONIZATION GAVE BIRTH
TO SO MANY NEW NATIONS AFTER WORLD WAR II. WE HAVE
ALWAYS SUPPORTED THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE OF EACH NATION
TO DEFINE THEIR OWN DESTINY. WE HAVE GIVEN
$300 BILLION SINCE 1945 TO HELP PEOPLE OF OTHER
COUNTRIES, AND WE hAVE TRIED TO HELP FRIENDLY
GOVERNMENTS DEFEND AGAINST AGGRESSION, SUBVERSION. AND
TERROR,
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- WE HAVE NOTED WITH GREAT INTEREST SIMILAR
EXPRESSIONS OF PEACEFUL INTENT BY LEADERS OF THE SOVIET
UNION. I AM NOT HERE TO CHALLENGE THE GOOD FAITH OF
WHAT THEY SAY. BUT ISN'T IT IMPORTANT FOR US TO WEIGH
THE RECORD, AS WELL?
-- IN AFGHANISTAN, THERE ARE 118,000 SOVIET
TROOPS PROSECUTING WAR AGAINST THE AFGHAN PEOPLE.
-- IN CAMBODIA, 140,000 SOVIET-BACKED VIETNAMESE
SOLDIERS WAGE A WAR OF OCCUPATION.
-- IN ETHIOPIA, 1,700 SOVIET ADVISERS ARE
INVOLVED IN MILITARY PLANNING AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS
ALONG WITH 2,500 CUBAN COMBAT TROOPS.
-- IN ANGOLA -- 1,200 SOVIET MILITARY ADVISERS.
INVOLVED IN PLANNING AND SUPERVISING COMBAT OPERATIONS.
ALONG WITH 35,000 CUBAN TROOPS.
-- IN NICARAGUA -- SOME 8,000 SOVIET BLOC AND
CUBAN PERSONNEL, INCLUDING ABOUT 3,500 MILITARY AND
SECRET POLICE PERSONNEL.
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- ALL OF THESE CONFLICTS -- SOME OF THEM UNDER WAY
FOR A DECADE -- ORIGINATE IN LOCAL DISPUTES BUT THEY
SHARE A COMMON CHARACTERISTIC: THEY ARE THE
CONSEQUENCE OF AN IDEOLOGY IMPOSED FROM WITHOUT,
DIVIDING NATIONS AND CREATING REGIMES THAT ARE, ALMOST
FROM THE DAY THEY TAKE POWER, AT WAR WITH THEIR OWN
PEOPLE. AND IN EACH CASE, MARXISM-LENINISM's WAR WITH.
THE PEOPLE BECOMES WAR WITH THEIR NEIGHBORS.
THESE WARS ARE EXACTING A STAGGERING HUMAN TOLL
AND THREATEN TO SPILL ACROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES AND
TRIGGER DANGEROUS CONFRONTATIONS. WHERE IS IT MORE
APPROPRIATE THAN RIGHT HERE AT THE UNITED NATIONS TO
CALL ATTENTION TO ARTICLE 2 OF OUR CHARTER WHICH
INSTRUCTS MEMBERS TO REFRAIN "FROM THE THREAT OR USE OF
FORCE AGAINST THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OR POLITICAL
INDEPENDENCE OF ANY STATE...."? ,
DURING THE PAST DECADE THESE WARS PLAYED A LARGE
ROLE IN BUILDING SUSPICIONS AND TENSIONS IN MY COUNTRY
OVER THE PURPOSE OF SOVIET POLICY. THIS GIVES US AN
EXTRA REASON TO ADDRESS THEM SERIOUSLY TODAY,
LAST YEAR I PROPOSED FROM THIS PODIUM THAT THE
UNITED STATES AND SOVIET UNION HOLD DISCUSSIONS ON SOME
OF THESE ISSUES, AND WE HAVE DONE SO. BUT I BELIEVE
THESE PROBLEMS NEED MORE THAN TALK.
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FOR THAT REASON, WE AkE PROPOSING, AND ARE FULLY
COMMITTED TO SUPPORT, A REGIONAL PEACE PROCESS THAT
SEEKS PROGRESS ON THREE LEVELS:
FIRST, WE BELIEJE THE STARTING POINT MUST BE A
PROCESS OF NEGOTIATION AMONG THE WARRING PARTIES IN
EACH COUNTRY I'VE MENTIONED -- WHICH, IN THE CASE OF
AFGHANISTAN, INCLUDES THE SOVIET UNION. THE FORM OF
THESE TALKS MAY AND SHOULD VARY, BUT NEGOTIATIONS --
AND AN IMPROVEMENT OF INTERNAL POLITICAL CONDITIONS --
ARE ESSENTIAL TO ACHIEVING AN END TO VIOLENCE, THE
WITHDRAWL OF FOREIGN TROOPS AND NATIONAL
RECONCILIATION,
THERE IS A SECOND LEVEL: ONCE NEGOTIATIONS TAKE
HOLD AND THE PARTIES DIRECTLY INVOLVED ARE MAKING REAL
PROGRESS. REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE
SOVIET UNION SHOULD SIT DOWN TOGETHER. IT IS NOT FOR
US TO IMPOSE-ANY SOLUTIONS IN THIS SEPARATE SET OF
TALKS. SUCH SOLUTIONS WOULD NOT LAST. BUT THE ISSUE
WE SHOULD ADDRESS IS HOW BEST TO SUPPORT THE ONGOING
TALKS AMONG THE WARRING PARTIES. IN SOME CASES, IT
MIGHT WELL BE APPROPRIATE TO CONSIDER GUARANTEES FOR
ANY AGREEMENTS ALREADY REACHED. BUT IN EVERY CASE THE
PRIMARY TASK IS TO PROMOTE THIS GOAL: VERIFIED
ELIMINATION OF THE FOREIGN MILITARY PRESENCE AND
RESTRAINT ON THE FLOW OF OUTSIDE ARMS.
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- FINALLY, IF THESE FIRST TWO STEPS ARE SUCCESSFUL,
WE COULD MOVE ON TO THE THIRD -- WELCOMING EACH COUNTRY
BACK INTO THE WORLD ECONOMY SO ITS CITIZENS CAN SHARE
IN THE DYNAMIC GROWTH THAT OTHER DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES -- COUNTRIES THAT ARE AT PEACE -- ENJOY.
DESPITE PAST DIFFERENCES WITH THESE REGIMES, THE UNITED
STATES WOULD RESPOND GENEROUSLY TO THEIR DEMOCRATIC
RECONCILIATION WITH THEIR OWN PEOPLE, THEIR RESPECT FOR
HUMAN RIGHTS, AND THEIR RETURN TO THE FAMILY OF FREE
NATIONS.
OF COURSE, UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THESE NEGOTIATIONS
RESULT IN DEFINITIVE PROGRESS, AMERICA's SUPPORT FOR
STRUGGLING DEMOCRATIC RESISTANCE FORCES MUST NOT AND
SHALL NOT CEASE.
THIS PLAN IS BOLD. AND IT IS REALISTIC, IT IS
NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR EXISTING PEACE-MAKING EFFORTS; IT
COMPLEMENTS THEM. WE ARE NOT TRYING TO SOLVE EVERY
CONFLICT IN EVERY REGION OF THE GLOBE, AND WE RECOGNIZE
THAT EACH CONFLICT HAS ITS OWN CHARACTER, NATURALLY
OTHER REGIONAL PROBLEMS WILL REQUIRE DIFFERENT
APPROACHES, BUT WE BELIEVE THAT THE RECURRENT PATTERN
OF CONFLICT THAT WE SEE IN THESE FIVE CASES OUGHT TO BE
BROKEN AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
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- WE MUST BEGIN SOMEWHERE, SO LET US BEGIN '4HERE
THERE IS GREAT NEED AND GREAT HOPE. THIS WILL BE A
CLEAR STEP FORWARD TO HELP PEOPLE CHOOSE THEIR FUTURE
MORE FREELY, MOREOVER, THIS IS AN EXTRAORDINARY
OPPORTUNITY FOR THE SOVIET SIDE TO MAKE A CONTRIBUTION
TO REGIONAL PEACE WHICH IN TURN CAN PROMOTE FUTURE
DIALOGUE AND NEGOTIATIONS ON OTHER CRITICAL ISSUES.
WITH HARD WORK AND IMAGINATION, THERE IS NO LIMIT
TO WHAT, WORKING TOGETHER, OUR NATIONS CAN ACHIEVE.
GAINING A PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF THESE CONFLICTS WILL
OPEN WHOLE NEW VISTAS FOR PEACE AND PROGRESS -- THE
DISCOVERY THAT THE PROMISE OF THE FUTURE LIES NOT IN
MEASURES OF MILITARY DEFENSE, OR THE CONTROL OF
WEAPONS, BUT IN THE EXPANSION OF INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AND
HUMAN RIGHTS.
ONLY WHEN THE HUMAN SPIRIT CAN WORSHIP, CREATE,
AND BUILD, ONLY WHEN PEOPLE ARE GIVEN A PERSONAL STAKE
IN DETERMINING THEIR OWN DESTINY AND BENEFITTING FROM
THEIR OWN RISKS DO SOCIETIES BECOME-PROSPEROUS,
PROGRESSIVE, DYNAMIC, AND FREE.
WE NEED ONLY OPEN OUR EYES TO THE ECONOMIC
.
EVIDENCE ALL AROUND US. NATIONS THAT DENY THEIR PEOPLE
OPPORTUNITY -- IN EASTERN EUROPE, INDOCHINA, SOUTHERN
AFRICA, AND LATIN AMERICA -- WITHOUT EXCEPTION ARE
DROPPING FURTHER BEHIND IN THE RACE FOR THE FUTURE.
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- BUT WHERE WE SEE ENLIGHTENED LEADERS WHO
UNDERSTAND THAT ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND PERSONAL INCENTIVE
ARE KEY TO DEVELOPMENT, WE SEE ECONOMIES STRIDING
FORWARD, SINGAPORE, TAIWAN, AND SOUTH KOREA -- INDIA,
BOTSWANA, AND CHINA. THESE ARE AMONG THE CURRENT AND
EMERGING SUCCESS STORIES BECAUSE THEY HAVE THE COURAGE
TO GIVE ECONOMIC INCENTIVES A CHANCE.
LET US ALL HEED THE SIMPLE ELOQUENCE IN ANDREI
SAKHAROV's NOBEL PEACE PRIZE MESSAGE: "INTERNATIONAL
TRUST, MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING, DISARMAMENT AND
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ARE [NCONCEIVABLE WITHOUT AN
OPEN SOCIETY WITH FktEDOM OF INFORMATION, FREEDOM OF
CONSCIENCE, THE RIGHT TO PUBLISH AND THE RIGHT TO
TRAVEL AND CHOOSE THE COUNTRY IN WHICH ONE WISHES TO
LIVE,"
AT THE CORE, THIS IS AN ETERNAL TRUTH, FREEDOM
WORKS, THAT IS THE PROMISE OF THE OPEN WORLD AND
AWAITS ONLY OUR COLLECTIVE GRASP. FORTY YEARS AGO,
HOPE CAME ALIVE AGAIN FOR A WORLD THAT KUNGERED FOR
HOPE. I BELIEVE FERVENTLY THAT HOPE IS STILL ALIVE.
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- THE UNITED STATES HAS SPOKEN WITH CANDOR AND
CONVICTION TODAY, BUT THAT DOES NOT LESSEN THESE STRONG
FEELINGS HELD BY EVERY AMERICAN: IT's IN THE NATURE OF
AMERICANS TO KATE WAR AND ITS DESTRUCTIVENESS. WE
WOULD RATHER WAGE OUR STRUGGLE TO REBUILD AND RENEW,
NOT TO TEAR DOWN. WE WOULD RATHER FIGHT AGAINST
HUNGER, DISEASE, AND CATASTROPHE. WE WOULD RATHER
ENGAGE OUR ADVERSARIES IN THE BATTLE OF IDEALS AND
IDEAS FOR THE FUTURE.
THESE PRINCIPLES EMERGE FROM THE INNATE OPENNESS
AND GOOD CHARACTER OF OUR PEOPLE -- AND FROM OUR LONG
STRUGGLE AND SACRIFICE FOR OUR LIBERTIES AND.THE
LIBERTIES OF OTHERS. AMERICANS ALWAYS YEARN FOR PEACE.-
THEY HAVE A PASSION FOR LIFE. THEY CARRY IN THEIR
HEARTS A DEEP CAPACITY FOR RECONCILIATION.
LAST YEAR AT THIS GENERAL ASSEMBLY, I INDICATED
THERE WAS EVERY REASON FOR THE UNITED STATES AND THE
SOVIET UNION TO SHORTEN THE DISTANCE BETWEEN US. IN
GENEVA -- THE FIRST MEETING BETWEEN OUR HEADS OF
GOVERNMENT IN MORE THAN 6 YEARS -- MR. GORBACHEV AND I
WILL HAVE THAT OPPORTUNITY.
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SO, YES, LET US GO TO GENEVA WITH BOTH SIDES
COMMITTED TO DIALOGUE. LET BOTH SIDES GO COMMITTED TO
A WORLD WITH FEWER NUCLEAR WEAPONS -- AND SOME DAY WITH
NONE, LET BOTH SIDES GO COMMITTED TO WALK TOGETHER Or
A SAFER PATH INTO THE 21sT CENTURY AND TO LAY THE
FOUNDATION FOR ENDURING PEACE.
IT IS TIME, INDEED, TO DO MORE THAN JUST TALK OF A
BETTER WORLD. IT IS TIME TO ACT. AND WE WILL ACT WHEN
NATIONS CEASE TO TRY TO IMPOSE THEIR WAYS UPON OTHERS,
AND WE WILL ACT WHEN THEY REALIZE THAT WE, FOR WHOM THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF FREEDOM HAS COME DEAR, WILL DO WHAT WE
MUST TO PRESERVE IT FROM ASSAULT.
AMERICA IS COMMITTED TO THE WORLD, BECAUSE SO MUCH
OF THE WORLD IS INSIDE AMERICA. AFTER ALL, ONLY A FEW
MILES FROM THIS VERY ROOM IS OUR STATUE OF LIBERTY,
PAST WHICH LIFE BEGAN ANEW FOR MILLIONS -- WHERE THE
PEOPLES FROM NEARLY EVERY COUNTRY IN THIS HALL JOINED
TO BUILD THESE UNITED STATES.
THE BLOOD OF EACH NATION COURSES THROUGH THE
AMERICAN VEIN -- AND FEEDS THE SPIRIT THAT COMPELS US
TO INVOLVE OURSELVES IN THE FATE OF THIS GOOD EARTH,
IT IS THE SAME SPIRIT THAT WARMS OUR HEART IN CONCERN
TO HELP EASE THE DESPERATE HUNGER THAT GRIPS PROUD
PEOPLE ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT.
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IT IS THE INTERNATIONALIST SPIRIT THAT CAME
TOGETHER LAST MONTH WHEN OUR NEIGHBOR, MEXICO, wt,S
STRUCK SUDDENLY BY AN EARTHQUAKE. EVEN AS THE MEXICAN
NATION MOVED VIGOROUSLY INTO IACTION -- THERE WERE
HEARTWARMING OFFERS BY OTHER NATIONS OFFERING TO HELP
AND GLIMPSES OF PEOPLE WORKING TOGETHER, WITHOUT
CONCERN FOR NATIONAL SELF-INTEREST OR GAIN,
AND IF THERE WAS ANY MEANING TO SALVAGE OUT OF
THAT TRAGEDY, IT WAS FOUND ONE DAY IN A HUGE MOUND OF
RUBBLE THAT WAS ONCE THE JUAREZ HOSPITAL IN MEXICO
CITY.
A WEEK AFTER THAT TERRIBLE EVENT AND AS ANOTHER
DAY OF DESPAIR UNFOLDED -- A TEAM OF WORKERS HEARD A
FAINT SOUND!COrMI~G SOMEWHERE FROM THE HEART OF THE
CRUSHED CONCRETE'AND TWISTED STEEL. HOPING BEYOND
HOPE, THEY QUICKLY BURROWED TOWARD IT.
AS THE LATE AFTERNOON LIGHT FADED, AND RACING
AGAINST TIME, THEY FOUND WHAT: THEY HAD HEARD -- AND THE
FIRST OF THREE BtBY GIRLS -- NEWBORN INFANTS -- EMERGED
TO THE SAFETY OF THE RESCUE TEAM.
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- HERE IS THE SCENE THROUGH THE EYES OF ONE WHO WAS
THERE, "EVERYONE WAS SO QUIET WHEN THEY LOWERED THAT
LITTLE BABY DOWN IN A BASKET COVERED WITH BLANKETS,
THE BABY DIDN'T MAKE A SOUND, EITHER. BUT THE MINUTE
THEY PUT HER IN THE RED CROSS AMBULANCE EVERYBODY JUST
GOT UP AND CHEERED."
WELL, AMIDST ALL THAT HOPELESSNESS AND DEBRIS CAME
A TIMELY -- AND TIMELESS -- LESSON FOR US ALL. WE
WITNESSED THE MIRACLE OF LIFE.
IT IS ON THIS THAT I BELIEVE OUR NATIONS CAN MAKE
A RENEWED COMMITMENT. THE MIRACLE OF LIFE IS GIVEN BY
ONE GREATER THAN OURSELVES. BUT ONCE GIVEN, EACH LIFE
IS OURS TO NURTURE AND PRESERVE -- TO FOSTER NOT ONLY
FOR TODAY's WORLD BUT FOR A BETTER ONE TO COME.
THERE IS NO PURPOSE MORE NOBLE THAN FOR US TO
SUSTAIN AND CELEBRATE LIFE IN A TURBULENT WORLD. THAT
IS WHAT WE MUST DO NOW. WE HAVE NO HIGHER DUTY -- NO
GREATER CAUSE AS HUMANS. LIFE -- AND THE PRESERVATION
OF FREEDOM TO LIVE IT IN DIGNITY -- IS WHAT WE ARE ON
THIS EARTH TO DO.
EVERYTHING WE WORK TO ACHIEVE MUST SEEK THAT END
SO THAT SOME DAY OUR PRIME MINISTERS, OUR PREMIERS, OUR
PRESIDENTS AND OUR GENERAL SECRETARIES WILL TALK NOT OF
WAR AND PEACE -- BUT ONLY OF PEACE.
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- WE'VE HAD 40 YEARS TO BEGIN, LET US NOT WASTE ONE
MORE MOMENT TO GIVE BACK TO THE WORLD ALL THAT WE CAN
IN RETURN FOR THIS MIRACLE OF LIFE.
THANK YOU, GOD BLESS YOU,
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