PREVENT WORLD WAR III

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Pubilished by Society for the Prevention 1 &TATLS] 1 War Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF WORLD WAR III A Non-Profit Educational Organization BOARD OF DIRECTORS MARK VAN DOREN Honorary Chairman REX STOUT Vice President DR. ALBERT SIMARD Secretary ISIDORE LIPSCHUTZ Treasurer REV. HENRY A. ATKINSON THOMAS CRAVEN JULIUS L. GOLDSTEIN WILLIAM HARLAN HALE EMIL LENGYEL WILLIAM I. LUYTEN ERIC MANN CHAT PATERSON HARRY LOUIS S#LDEN WILLIAM L. SHRER PIERRE VAN PAASSEN MAJ. M. WHEELER-NICHOLSON MRS. BELLE MAYER ZECK ADVISORY COUNCIL GEORGE BACKER KONRAD BERCOVICI REV. ROELIF H. BROOKS STUART CLOETE MORRIS L. COOKE RICHARD DE ROCHEMONT WALTER D. EDMONDS LIONEL GELBER MARY B. GILSON SHELDON GLUECK ALBERT GUERARD BEN HECHT JOHN R. INMAN FRANK E. KARELSEN. JR. CHRISTOPHER LA FARGE HAL LEHRMAN MAJ. ERWIN LESSNER MRS. DAVID ELLIS LIT CLARENCE H. LOW MRS. HAROLD V. MILLIGAN HERBERT MOORE LEWIS MUMFORD ADELE NATHAN LOUIS NIZER QDENTIN REYNOLDS LISA SERGIO G. E. SHIPLER CHARD POWERS SMITH MRS. HIORDIS SWENSON R. J. THOMAS FRITZ VON UNRUH CHICAGO COURTENAY BARBER. JR. MRS. ROBERT BIGGERT 1. 1. ZMRHAL LOS ANGELES F. E. BROOKMAN MAI. JULIUS HOCHFELDER SAN FRANCISCO VERNON E. HENDERSHOT ALBERT RAPPAPORT SIDNEY ROGER ST. LOUIS 1. LIONBERGER DAVIS ALL OF THE ORIGINAL MATERIAL IN THIS BULLETIN MAY BE REPRINTED OR QUOTED WITHOUT FURTHER PERMISSION UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED. CREDIT LINE TO THE SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF WORLD WAR III IS DESIRED BUT NOT NECESSARY. AS PART OF ITS EDUCATIONAL SERVICE. AND BECAUSE OF THE PARTICULAR QUALIFICATIONS OF THE INDIVIDUAL, PREVENT WORLD WAR III PRINTS FROM TIME TO TIME THE PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS OF MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND ADVISORY COUNCIL ON TOPICS OF CURRENT INTEREST. END OF TILE POSTWAR WORLD bJ I!"alier Lipp"iann 6 9 10 "LEBENSRAUM AFRICA" b) 7'. 11. 7 rIeni TI f I GRAB OF AFRICA (artikle from the "Amcriia-I Icrold") 20 "DER WEG"" (Dr. Johann von Leers and the Ex-Mufti) 22 TWO WAR-COMMANDERS ON WAR AND PEACE 23 NASSER'S '"EXPENDABLES" SECRETARY DULLES AND TILE ARAB PLOT AGAINST ISRAEL bI G. F. /1111 j rn ITEMS OF INTEREST INSIDE GERMANY . -"WE FORGET AT OUR PERIL' r.\ Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Published by the SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF WORLD WAR III. Inc. 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, N. Y. Summer Issue, 1957 ltlillffa Z[. In. #oIv? JJtiA.0Aob.Gem? The situation in the Middle East continues to be fraught-with grave dangers to world peace. Unless posi- tive and effective action is taken to thwart those forces which wilfully keep tensions alive and to solve the burn- ing issues in that area, mankind may be faced with the awful spectre of World War III. In the Society's statement "The U. N. and the Middle East Crisis" (November 1956) the observation was made that "for years it has been politically expedient for states- men to pretend there was peace in this vital area." The U. N. itself became the main vehicle through which the real situation was concealed. Consequently, the U. N. Charter, as it- applied- to the Middle -East, was a virtual dead letter. When Britain, France and Israel embarked on military operations against Egypt, the U. N. was quick to condemn them. In retrospect, it is now clear that whatever one may have thought about their moves, they focussed world attention on a festering sore which had been eating away at the prestige and usefulness of the United Nations. For the first time since the State of Israel was born, fundamental elements making for conflict in the Middle East, are spotlighted. The "pure and simple aggression" which originally described the military action, has lost much of its weight as the history of Nasser's endless provocations and lawless deeds were catalogued before the bar of world public opinion. Viewed in this light, the conflict with Egypt can now be traced directly to the insatiable ambitions of the Cairo "strong man." It was mainly through the deceit of the Dictator and his agents that the legitimate aspirations of the Arab peoples were turned into an irrational force of hate and enmity. The ceaseless harrassing of Israel marked by cold- blooded physical violence and economic attrition was the microcosm of the larger conflict between Nasser and the West. If Israel could be forced to bend the knee, the whole Middle East would fall into Nasser's lap, leading to economic strangulation of our most reliable allies in Western Europe. This was Nasser's calculation. If it had been realized, U. S. security would have been placed in the greatest jeopardy since Hitler's planned invasion of the British Isles. Nasser, of course, did not possess the wherewithal to challenge the West without concrete help from outside sources. Though a self-proclaimed anti-Communist, the mutual advantages gained by Hitler and Stalin in their 1939 pact, could hardly be ignored by Nasser and his top German advisors. Thus, the "mariage de convenance" between Nasser and Khruchev was a logical and essen- tial ingredient in the successful development of his plans. All of the hidden ramifications of Nasser's conspiracy were disclosed by the short-lived military, campaign. They. constituted nothing less than a major threat to world peace and security. Yet, the initial reaction of U. S. policy makers toward the conflict was essentially the continuation of the old line. This. position proved to be decisive during the deliberations of the United Nations in November 1956. As in the past, the U. N. devoted its efforts to the surface manifestations while glossing over the basic issues which had turned the Middle East into a caldron of strife and unrest. However, the force of events and the growing awareness of millions throughout the world who may have been blinded by Nasser's cunning propaganda, began to make their impression. Today, our policy makers are beginning to "understand" that the real issues in the Middle East crisis can no longer be swept under the rug. What are some of the major problems which block progress toward peace in the Middle East? Nasser's policy of belligerency toward Israel: The denial of Israel's sovereign rights through unlawful eco- nomic blockade and acts of physical terror and attack run counter to the U. N. Charter and violate resolutions adopted by the Security Council. In terms of its own security, the West can no longer sit by and accept as a matter of course Nasser's defiance on this question. In this connection, a hopeful sign is the President's view that "free and innocent passage" in the Gulf of Aqaba is in accordance with international law. As a logical sequence Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 to the President's position, support of all nations' rights of passage through the Suez Canal, including Israel, must be unequivocal. The problem of the Arab refugees: For a number of years Arab propaganda has endeavored to discredit Israel as responsible for the miserable conditions of hundreds of thousands of refugees. Yet, it is a matter of historical record that the Israeli Government has time and again offered to work out an equitable agreement with the Arab states so as to alleviate the hardships of these unfor- tunate people. It is also a matter of record that the Arab leadership, egged on particularly by Nasser, has rejected such overtures for negotiations. The reason is not hard to find. The Arab leadership looks upon these refugees as pawns whose plight is to be exploited for ulterior motives. The refugee problem would have never developed in its present sharp form, had not the Arab leaders made war on Israel in the first place, and having done so, in- duced the Arabs living in Israeli territory to leave. That the Arabs continue to stall on the question of providing a just solution is indicated by reports of U. N. officials, Fortunately, public opinion is getting to know these facts and this is reflected in new efforts by the United Nations as well as by our own representatives at the U. N. to solve this problem in a concrete and just manner for all concerned. The continuation of hate-inciting propaganda: In the No. 49 issue (Winter-Spring 1957) of Prevent World War III the Society noted that Arab propaganda against the West and Israel was a fundamental impediment to the establishment of normal conditions in the Middle East. "Those leaders who purvey poisonous propaganda, help to create a climate of blind hatred which may prove to be uncontrollable among peoples who are kept igno- rant as to the real state of affairs. As a result, a change from a policy of hostility to one of peace and mutual accommodation becomes virtually impossible, even when the long term interests of the country concerned require it. lr/hen a people are infected by artificially whipped up hatred, those who are responsible for this state of mind become prisoners of it. They are no longer able to act in a statesmanlike manner which is imperative i f the country's welfare is to be safeguarded." In this connection, it is interesting to note that anti- American propaganda emanating from Egypt predates the decision of our Government to withhold financial support for the Aswan Dam project. Many people have been un- der the impression that the Nasser regime began to talk Sough after that episode. The facts show that this is not the case. For example, the Cairo Radio (Oduber 11, 1955) denounced the Mutual Security Program as a weapon by which the United States hoped to "penetrate" the Middle East. On October 14, 1955, the Cairo Radio proclaimed: "Justice and logic require that we now defend Russia and attack America, which has shown falsehood, deceit, and ill-:dill." The outpourings of poisonous propaganda against the United States, the West and Israel continues un- abated, particularly from Egypt and Syria. We cite below a sampling of this propaganda which dominates the news- papers and airways of these countries: "It is being said that we peoples of the colonies should support Christianity and fight for the democ- racy of the Western states, threatened with being uprooted. `Arc not these things the cause of the oppression and servility a f flictlnp us?' "But which states are detonating atomic and hy- drogen bombs? The Christian Western states, which are appealing to iris to help them preserve their civ- ilization. Whose civilization is responsible for dis- crimination among people because of color? The civilization of the Western states. `These Western states, whose Christian religion eulogizes fraternal love and equality of human bein s, are foremost in destroying the lives of their fellowmen in Japan, Kenya, Algeria, Port Said, Malaya, South Africa, and elsewhere. The same states were responsible for the Jews seizing the property and homeland of the people of Palestine.' " (Cairo Radio, 6-9-57.) "'The former Jordanian government which was oppled by the American imperialists with the help the palace and its plotting group was loyal to these agreements.' "The imperialists and their foster child Israel received these agreements calling for cooperation with hatred and anger. They continued working with their agents in Jordan, as they still work with their agents in Syria, until they were successful in terttporarily altering the situation in Jordan. They destroyed the agreements of honor and glory, vio- lated the principles of Arab policy, maltreated the people, and filled the prisons with thousands of detainees including officers, soldiers, and citizens." (Syrian newspaper AN-NASIR quoted by the Cairo Radio, 6-14-57.) "Only a few million dollars have thrown a national government in Jordan out of office. Only a few mil- lion emboldened the Lebanese Premier and Foreign Minister. A f cw millions convinced Nuri as-Said to relinquish power after he had spread terrorism in every inch of Iraq to prepare the way for his masters for a new alliance. "But do these leaders, these governments, and their supporters at least know :chat they are worth in the eyes of America? Did they ever consider how much Israel is receiving compared with what they take themselves, and what Israel is paying? They content themselves with the crumbs while Israel is receiving Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 billions. They sacrifice their interests and the future of their countries. They sacrifice even their very existence and expose themselves to the wrath of their peoples, while Israel pays nothing unless realization of its aims happens-to result in a disadvantage to it." (Egyptian newspaper ASH-SHAB, 6-17-57.) The war-like character of this propaganda is obvious. "It goes beyond the normal practices of exhortation to patriotism as it whips the mind of the people into a state of blind hatred" (The U. N. and the Middle East Crisis). It creates a war psychosis. Peace in the Middle East cannot be built in the path of this hurricane of hate. Therefore, it should be a cardinal task of western statesmanship to work for the curbing of this propaganda. Though the Middle East situation is in a state of flux at the present time, there are signs that Nasser's game is beginning to lose its effectiveness. Even those Arab states which have provided an important base for Nasser's operations, are shying away from his domineering and grasping tactics (see p.- 24.) It is certain that Nasser will try by all means to prevent the disintegration of his Pan- Arabic scheme and, therefore, one must anticipate that he will resort to desperate measures. The appearance of contingents of the Russian Navy in Middle Eastern waters and the delivery of Russian submarines to Cairo must be viewed in this light. New provocations against the State of Israel which has tirelessly sought a peaceful settlement, may be employed by Nasser so as to bolster his prestige. Whatever Nasser's plans, however, they will fail if the United States acts with determination. In concert with our western allies, our Government should insist that the United Nations grapples once and for all with the fun- . Nasser has used his merely nuisance value more skillfully, by far, than Hitler or Mussolini ever did. Hitler possessed the enorm- ous industrial and military power of Germany plus the discipline of the German people. Mus- solini used to be called a sawdust Caesar, but at least he had the military power to conquer Ethiopia, Possibly even Ethiopia and demon- strably Israel could conquer Egypt today, and would gladly do so, if the Western powers whom Colonel Nasser thwarts would stand aside and give their permission. "The crowning irony of the business is that Colonel Nasser owes his security most to the country whose interests he most injures. "And yet it has been the United States which has protected Colonel Nasser in his adventures and which saved him from the logical conse- quences when Britain and France set out to bring him down. He survives today in his palace in Cairo by grace of Washington, and th? UN, the Soviet Union, and Asian-African opinion. It takes real skill to parley such meager assets into such power...." (Joseph C. Harsch, Christian Science Monitor, 3-27-57) damental issues involved in the crisis. The Society is under no illusions with regard to the complexity and difficulties attending the situation in the Middle East. Yet, we are confident that the United Na- tions with the active support of the United States and all freedom-loving countries can achieve positive results. In this connection we advocate the adoption of a program resting on the following principles: 1. Unity of action in the Middle East with France and England; 2. Protection of the sovereignty of all Middle East- ern states, as envisioned by the Eisenhower Doc- trine. 3. A fundamental Israeli-Arab settlement of out- standing differences through peaceful negotia- tions; 4. Insistence that all hate-inciting propaganda in the Middle East against the West cease and that Arab leaders publicly recognize the rights of the Israeli people to live a normal economic life with all of her neighbors; 5. A U. N. program to help the distressed Arab refugees and to contribute to the development of the resources of all the Middle Eastern countries. If the actions of the United States are based on these principles of justice, we shall have safeguarded our own interests while, at the same time, given new faith and con- fidence in the United Nations as man's best hope for world peace. "I HAVEN'T LAID A HAND ON HER" Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 The accuracy of this "jest" became painfully clear on the eve of the Summit meeting in Geneva in 1955. Ade- nauer was not officially present, but his voice in Allied councils was heard above all. On the eve of the meeting, Business Week, 6-18-55, observed that in the whole question of disarmament and collective security "Adenauer will play a leading part" at Geneva. This authoritative publication further reported that the Chancellor "has been giving Eisenhower and then Dulles, MacMillan and Pinay, a fill-in on the ne- gotiating position he wants the West to take." The course of the Geneva Conference and the reports emanating therefrom indicated that Adenauer's hand de- termined many of the major moves of the Allied powers. When Anthony Eden put forth the idea of a demilitarized zone in Europe, Adenauer vigorously protested. Accord- ingly, the Allies dropped the plan. Adenauer's obstructive tactics contributed in no small part toward the inconclu- siveness of the Geneva meeting. This was precisely the precondition for his own journey to Moscow in September 1955 where he made his deals with the Russians. Though Adenauer had blocked serious consideration of the Eden plan, he welcomed the Russian proposal of November 17th, 1956, which, in principle at least, resembled Eden's idea. (N. Y. Times, 1-11-57) Indeed, the Chancellor went further and called for the prohibition of the use of thermonuclear weapons which in the words of one U. S. official "is playing into the Russian hands." (N. Y. Times, 1-11-57) In early May of this year, Adenauer told the press that his government would "gladly agree to (aerial) in- spection." On May 21st, 1957, the Bulletin, published by the Bonn Government, elaborated on Adenauer's view, "The Federal Republic would agree to aerial inspection of the Federal territory, provided that the 'open-skies' sys- tem would also cover a corresponding area beyond the Iron Curtain; such an aerial inspection would be only the first step towards disarmament; therefore, the reuni- fication of Germany is not considered by the Federal Gov- ernment a prerequisite for trying out the 'open-skies' plan ..." It was only when disarmament negotiations in London showed promise that the Chancellor hurried to Washing- ton. Once again it was the Adenauer of the Geneva days. He insisted that aerial inspection of Germany would have to wait until the Russians showed greater inclination to go forward on the reunification of Germany. As regards future meetings of the Big Four Foreign Ministers, Ade- nauer told the President that this might be permissible following the "conclusion of an initial disarmament agree- ment." By blocking the aerial inspection plan, Adenauer had automatically scuttled the possibilities of Big Four nego- tiations even though, for the record, he said they were permissible. WHO MAKES POLICY? At the height of the Middle East crisis, Vice President Nixon hailed the Administration's break with Anglo- French policies as a "declaration of independence that had an electrifying effect throughout the world." Seven months later, Secretary Dulles announced that "In anything which touched directly or indirectly upon Germany and its prospects for reunification, we would act only in the closest concert with Chancellor Adenauer." The Nixon-Dulles pronunciamentos are essentially linked to each other and reflect the present basis of U. S. foreign policy. The Chicago Tribune correspondent spelled out this shift reporting on the Nato Conference in May of this year, "Adenauer's talks today with Dulles added to the impression in some quarters that a Bonn-Washington tie-up had replaced the western big three of Britain, France, and the United States as the prime movers behind the Atlantic pact ... "Observers said that there was no sign of reviving con- sultations among the United States, Britain, and France, a common practice before Britain and France launched their ill-fated attack on Egypt. "Even the Nato council statement last night reflected the image of a Washington-Bonn axis in the emphasis on German reunification, the observers said ..." (5-5-57) Let it not be forgotten that the change in U. S. foreign policy comes less than a dozen years after American GIs shed their blood with our British and French Allies in freedom's defense against German aggression. The "Washington-Bonn Axis" received further support during Adenauer's latest visit to the U. S. A. As a short- term proposition his talks with the President and Secre- tary of State were summed up by the London Economist, "The aim of Dr. Adenauer's fifth visit to the U. S. was to give a decisive boost to his election campaign. It has been achieved." (6-1-57) However, much more was accomplished by way of lasting value to Adenauer and the Germans. The radio commentator, Fulton J. Lewis, after praising Adenauer effusively as one of the "greatest political leaders of the century," declared that the conference in Washington gave West Germany "a guaranty of veto power" over American foreign policy. That "veto power" culminates a trend that became discernible shortly after the end of World War II. Thus, by 1953 a German newspaper, the Deutsche Zeitung, was able to report a popular quip making the round in Ger- many, "Who makes Washington's European policy? Kon- rad Adenauer in Bonn." Approved For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release, 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 As we go to press, Adenauer seems to have reversed himself again, intimating that he might approve aerial inspection for West Germany. Whether the new sommer- sault is due to electioneering considerations, or serves as a decoy to distract attention while he hamstrings disarma- ment negotiations by other means, remains to be seen. In any event, the twists and turns in Adenauer's tactics have but one central objective, i.e., paralyze U. S. policy while leaving the Chancellor free to bargain with the Russians and to prove his usefulness to them. This is the kind of diplomacy which has strong advo- cates in Germany today. In this connection, the Christian Science Monitor, 6-4-57, reported "with unanimity indica- tive of common origin much of the press here, June 4, advocated a more supple foreign policy for West Ger- many" ... vis-a-vis the Soviets. No matter' what the rationalizations in defense of the "Washington-Bonn Axis," the Society, for one, cannot reconcile itself to a situation where vital aspects of our foreign policy are subject to the "nods and nays" of an alien politician representing a power which has twice challenged our security and independence within one generation. Much has been said and written about the Status of Forces Treaties which, according to critics, deprive our servicemen abroad of their constitutional rights. Yet, hardly anyone has raised an eyebrow over the Adenauer- Eisenhower communique which placed an official stamp on Bonn's "veto" on foreign policies bearing upon the very security of our country. 11. . . We need have no illusions about the difficulty of coming to an agreement among ourselves and with Russia which would limit and stabilize the competition in armaments. But this is the central and overriding task today as was the recovery of Western Europe ten years ago. "The task is certainly not to disarm while the world is so divided. Perhaps it is not even to reduce substantially the present scale of arma- ments. The task is to bring the competition it- self under international control before it be- comes intolerably costly, and before the ten- sions of the nuclear testing and of the threat of nuclear war brings us to some breaking point. Walter Lipprnann, N. Y. Herald Tribune, 6-18-57) "The blunt, inside fact of the disarmament talks is that Russia jumped and took over much of the U. S. disarmament plan while the United States was bickering over two things: "1. Old Guard Republican prejudice against modern Republican Harold Stassen as the dis- armament negotiator. "2. The traditional Dulles determination to put Germany ahead of peace with Russia. "The Secretary of State has always bowed from the waist when anything German ap- proaches, dating from the days when, as attor- ney for New York banks he urged the American public to invest in now worthless German bonds. So when reelection-worried Adenauer demand- ed that German unification come before dis- armament agreement, Dulles got jittery." . . . Drew Pearson, 6-10-57) "The French newspaper `Combat' writes as follows to the appointment of General Dr. Speidel to the command of Nato forces. " `Above all let us not be plagued by the childish argument, even more despicable than cynical, that Speidel was not a Nazi. If that were true then the affair Speidel would only be much worse. If, for a cause he did- not be- lieve in, he was responsible for having created martyrs, he would be a monster. We want to believe in Speidel's own interest that he was a Nazi.' "Let it be said that such an `exoneration' or `de-nazification' is fairly bitter for a proven anti-Nazi!" (Deutsche Wochenzeitung, 5-9-57) DANGEROUS MARRIAGE Deutsche Volkszeitung Approved For Release 2006/11/21 CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 jitd4iltQ On By WALTER LUPPMANN D The noted political analyrt, Mr, I!'`alter Lippnrann. has achieved an international reputation for his brilliant conrnmentaires on international Affairs. In this Connection. the New Republic published a surrey by Mr. Lippnrann prepared originally as a Gideon D. Seyniour Memorial lecture at the University of Minnesota. II'e hare re- printed what we believe to be the highlights of Mr. Lippmann's analysis. No one, I think, not even at the lop of affairs and there- fore on the inside of all of the available information, can as yet see clearly, can as yet see as a whole, where we really are and where we ought to go. Everyone knows, of course, that we are in a time of rapid, radical and complicated change. Now, in itself, change is far from being a new experience for the generation to which I belong. We have lived amidst great events for which we were unprepared. We have become involved in wars which we expected to stay out of. We have hoped great things from victory and we have never seen a good peace. But now, if I may put it that way, the world is changed for Americans, not only in the degree of our involvement with the outer world,' but in the very kind of our involvement with the rest of the world. Throughout the 19th Century, and during the two world wars of this century, we have thought that we were living in one world. We have thought that this world had its po- litical center in the western society, the society which con- sists of Europe and the Americas, the society to which we belong. Even the most anti-imperialistic among us has assumed this. We have supposed that all the nations--the old ones who were breaking with the past, the new ones who were emerging from colonial status-that all the nations would have the same fundamental political ideals which we have. not because they are our ideals but because these ideals are universal. The greatest and most fundamental change of our time is that this picture of ourselves and of our place in the world and of our role in the history of mankind is no longer valid. The culture, the ideology of the western society is no longer recognized as universal. It is challenged as it has not been challenged since Christendom was challenged by the expan- sion of Islam. The one world which we always have taken for granted in our thinking has been succeeded by many worlds. We now live amidst these many worlds. They compete with one an- other, they coexist with one another. They trade with one another and, in varying degrees, they co-operate with one another. This change from one world to several worlds is a deep change. It is a change not only in what we think about our foreign policy but in the very way that we have to think about it.... When the war ended in 1918, we hoped and believed that we had won a victory for the idea that the principles and ideals of the Western society are universal. Woodrow Wil- son proclaimed a world order. But it was a world order based on our Western principles and ideals. Moreover, it was to be an order in which the nations of the North Atlantic re- gion would continue to be the political leaders of mankind ... We now know that this was a brilliant illusion. Both France and Britain were profoundly weakened by their fear- ful losses in the First World War. As representatives of the Western philosophy, they were challenged as imperialists over all Asia and Africa. We did not know this in 1918. We took it for granted that with American military and fi- nancial help the worldwide predominance of the Atlantic community would continue. In the Second World War, the role played by the United States was no longer that of an associated power bringing up the reinforcements and the reserves. But before Pearl Har- bor, and before we actually entered the Second World War, we still thought of ourselves in terms of World War 1. We used to talk, you may remember, about aiding the Allies to defend America. In fact, however, it was soon plain that we must take up the whole burden of the war in the Pacific, including the defense of Australia and of New Zealand. In Europe, the French Army had been defeated and Great Britain was under violent assault and strained to the limit. We had not only to supply the weapons and other economic neces- sities, but we had to raise a great army ourselves. The difference between the two world wars is marked by the fact that in the second, as distinguished from the first, the supreme commanders on sea and on land were Ameri- cans. Nevertheless, until World War II ended, we could still believe-perhaps I should say that we tried still to believe- that when Britain and France and Western Europe recovered from the damages of the war, the North Atlantic community would still be the political center of the world. I venture to believe that in the last analysis this was the underlying assumption in the minds of both Churchill and Roosevelt at the close of the war., They believed that with Britain and America acting as partners, they could handle Russia and have the deciding voice in the postwar settlement. They were mistaken.... The greatest powers with which we have to concern our- selves are no longer in the North Atlantic region. They are in eastern Europe and in Asia. While the welfare of the Atlantic community is a close and vital interest of the United States, the Atlantic community is no longer the political center of the world. W'e are living amidst the decline of Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Britain as one of the leading powers of the world, and we find ourselves without a powerful ally in the face of the new powers of eastern Europe and of Asia and of Africa. .. . As a result of the Yalta conference the world was divided into two great spheres of influence. In the one sphere, where the Soviet Union was supreme, Stalin tried to create a new Russian Empire. This empire was founded primarily on the power of the Red Army. In fact, the empire was the territory occupied by the Red army. Stalin's purpose was to make the people of Eastern Europe docile satellites or colonies of the new Russian Empire. The other sphere comprised the rest of the world. It was an unorganized collection of old and new states. It consisted not only of Western Europe, Latin America, and the United States, but also of the old European empires, which then ex- tended across North Africa, Egypt, and the Middle East through India and Southeast Asia to the Dutch Empire in Indonesia. In this sphere, the United States took the ini- tiative in trying to make sure that the Soviet Union did not extend its empire. As the principal military arm of the Communist sphere was the Red army, so the principal military arm of the non- Communist sphere was the United States Strategic Air Force equipped with atomic bombs. This situation lasted until about 1950, as long as only the Soviets had an effective army and only the United States had the atomic bomb. In this uneasy balance of power, the Red army was supreme on the ground in all of Europe and Asia; the United States Strategic Air Force was supreme in the air over Europe and Asia. Each acted as a` deterrent on the other. As against an invasion by the Red army, Western Europe was wholly defenseless. Yet the Red army did not and could not overrun Western Europe. It was contained because the Krem- lin knew what the United States Air Force could do to Russian cities. On the other hand, one might say vice versa, the United States was held in check by the Red army. Let me say a word about how we were held in check. The very highest Ameri- can military authorities knew that if we struck at the Rus- sian cities, the Red army, which was already in Eastern En- rope, would overrun Western Europe. It would occupy the countries of Western Europe against which we could not use the atomic bomb, countries such as Western Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. When the Red army did that it would destroy the existing governments. It would liqui- date the existing leaders in all classes and, before it could be forced to retire, it would probably destroy the big cities and the industrial plants of Western Europe. This was the postwar stalemate, the Red army as against the atomic bomb.... It was when he realized this, that President Eisenhower made his historic declaration that there is now no alternative to peace. The Russians had also realized what the revolution in military weapons meant: This common realization in Moscow and Washington led to the famous meeting at the summit, which took place in Geneva a year and a half ago, in July of 1955. At that meeting, Russia and the United States acknowledged publicly to each other and before the . Contrary to widespread assumptions in the United Nations and in Washington, the issue is not originally the result of Israel's armed in- vasion of Egypt. The issue was raised by Egypt's long-standing insistence on maintaining a `state of war' with Israel and implementing it by both guerrilla raids and a double blockade in the Suez Canal and the Strait of Tiran. It was this Egyptian maintenance of a `state of war' and the exercise of belligerent rights which Egypt derives therefrom that resulted in Israel's military counter-action. Egypt has made no public move or promise to end the `state of war' or to re- nounce the belligerent rights. "The Egyptian claim to belligerent rights un- der its self-proclaimed `state of war' against another United Nations member is both absurd and illegal. It is ruled out not only by the Charter, which bars the use or threat of force in settling international disputes, but also by the armistice agreement of 1949, which Secretary General Hammarskjold interprets as a virtual nonaggression pact. It was specifically rejected by the Security Council in 1951, when it denied Egypt any belligerent blockade rights.... "In these circumstances it would seem that the first duty of the United Nations should be to call on Egypt to end the `state of war' and renounce its claim to belligerent rights as a first condition of peace in the Middle East...." (Editorial, N. Y. Times, 2-26-57) "DO YOU THINK WE'VE GOTTEN ANY CLOSER?" . Courtesy, Washington Post Approved For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 world that with the advent of the new weapons they could not, they would not, they dared not contemplate war. At the time of the Geneva meeting, we were all aware that, beyond these mutual declarations against war, there were no serious agreements reached, or even brought any nearer, on any of the great practical issues of the time-- on, for example, the reunification of the two Germanies, on the problem of the status of the satellites in Eastern Europe, on the future of the Middle East. There is no way of telling whether or not the opportunity existed to go on from Geneva to settlements of some of these problems. If the opportunity existed, it was missed. On our side, the President fell ill and was unable for some time to take the initiative in foreign affairs. On the other side, the Russians stood pat and were unyielding. We do not know what might have been. But what has actually hap- pened is that while we have come no nearer to settlements in Europe, in the Middle East and in the Far East, there has been a rapid disintegration of empires and of alliances. We can see what has happened to the French in North Africa and the British in the Middle East. We know from what has happened in Poland and in Hungary that the Soviet empire in eastern Europe is undermined, and that the Soviet military system, which is known as the Warsaw Pact, is profoundly affected. We know that if NATO is going to survive, it is going to have a very different future from what we expected. A few months ago, at the end of October, the course of events, which I have been describing, burst into violence. It is a remarkable fact, which historians will long be studying and trying to explain, that the explosion in Hungary and the explosion in Egypt took place at approximately the same time. The fact that the two explosions came so very close together may not have been a mere accident. It may well be that the Israeli Government decided to strike when it saw that the Soviet Union was deeply entangled by the rebellion in Hungary. But the two explosions would not have hap- pened if both in Eastern Europe and in the Middle East the situation had not become explosive. These two explosions marked the disintegration of the postwar world.... There will remain the fundamental stalemate between the Soviet Union and the United States, the stalemate which was recognized by the President and the Soviet leaders at Geneva in 1955. In all probability, neither of the superpowers will decide deliberately to make war against the other. On the other hand, both in Europe and in the Middle East, there are very grave issues which, if they cannot be settled by negotiation, may burst into violence. They may become uncontrollable, and they could involve Russia and America in a war they are both trying to avoid... . The supreme question is whether we can, by a great effort of statesmanship, negotiate a settlement which averts these dangers. I am not saying that we can. But at least one can imagine such a settlement. It will have to be a settlement negotiated by the Western Powers with the Soviet Union and ratified by the two Germanies. It will have to provide for the reunification of the two Germanies. It will have to provide for the gradual but nevertheless definite evacuation of the European Continent up to the Soviet frontier by the Red Army in the east, and by the British and American Armies in the west. Only in this way can Poland, Hungary, and the other satellites be liberated. But that will not be enough. The withdrawal of the armies, the unification of Germany, the liberation of the satellites will be possible, will be conceivable--only if we can con- struct by negotiation an all-European security system which is underwritten by the Soviet Union and the United States. It will have to be a sytsem which guarantees the European nations among themselves, and particularly against a revived and reunited Germany. It will have to be a system which guarantees all of Europe against Russia, and it will have to be one which guarantees Russia against Europe. Within such a European system there ought to develop an all-European economy, and beyond that--on the far horizons of hope- the prospect of a European political confederation. In my view the issue of war and peace will be decided primarily in Europe, and, so to speak, along the line of Iron Curtain. The greatest question in the world is whether Europe can cease to be divided and can become united by negotiation and peaceable means. I would go so far as to say that if we could engage the Russians in a serious negotiation which looked to a general European settlement, the problem of the Middle East would become-I won't say soluble-but manageable. I say this because Russia is not vitally interested in the Middle East. She does not need the oil, and she cannot be invaded from the Middle East. Russia is, however, vitally interested in Europe, particularly in Germany and in Poland, and it is there in Europe that we must make a settlement or live in continual danger of a gigantic war. When I look into the future I think of this country as having two great missions to perform. The one is to bring about the European settlement I have just been describing. On this, as I have just said, depends the issue of peace or war. From such a settlement would come a new Europe, a Europe which had lost its empires overseas but had found a new strength, security, and prosperity in its own unity. Our other mission is, I firmly believe, to work out a new rela- tionship between the Western nations and the newly emanci- pated peoples of Africa and Asia. The imperial and colonial age is over. The age which is to follow is only in its dim beginnings, and it is our mission to play a leading part in working out the terms on which the peoples of the East and the peoples of the West can live side by side in confidence, in security, and in mutual respect- "An historic incident occurs this week. The Nato council gathers in Bonn for its first meet- ing in Germany. "The event illustrates the ominous extent to which Germany has penetrated Nato. Already a German officer, General Speidel, commands the Western allies' armies. "Germany is rearming even faster after Hitler's war than she did after the Kaiser's. German divisions are multiplying. The Luftwaffe is re-forming with jets. In Britain these de- velopments rouse deep misgivings. "The rearming of Germany is a foolhardy policy. It should never have been sanctioned." (Daily Express, London, 4-29-57) Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Arabic editions of Hitler's book "Mein Kampf"-"Kifari" -were found among the personal possessions of some Egyp- tian officers captured by the Israelis during the Sinai cam- paign. These editions described (e.g., in the Kolnische Rundschau, 25-11-56) as "nine-volume kitbag editions," were published over a number of years . . . The contents are not only extracts from the book but il- lustrations from Hitler's life and the glamorous Nazi Party Rallies at Nuremberg. Hitler's book.was brought to Arab notice for the first time in 1934 when the Iraqi periodical The Arab World, Bag- dad, printed extracts in instalments. Two years later an Arabic version was available there, and towards the end of 1938 another version, translated by Ali Mohammed Mahbub, appeared 'in Cairo (Commercial Publishing House. 250 pp.), with the author's full length portrait presented on the cover as "the strongest man in the world ..." Extolling Nazi "Anti-Communism" Apart from "Mein Kampf," Nazi ideas were spread among Arabs as early as 1934 in a eulogistic biography of Hitler published in Cairo: "Adolf Hitler, National Socialist Leader. The Jewish Question" (Egyptian Books Publishing Co. 1934. 166 pp.). The author, Ahmad Mahmoud Sadati, made up his 14 chapters almost entirely of German Nazi literature un- aided by any first-hand knowledge of his own or other un- biased evidence. His sources which he faithfully listed' at the beginning, included, in addition to "Mein Kampf," Goering's "Germany Reborn"; "Wie Adolf Hitler der Fiihrer wurde," by Czech-Jochberg; "Die Juden," by Gottfried Feder; "Be- waffneter Aufstand (Der Kommunismus in Deutschland)," by Adolf Ehrt, also "Nazi Germany Explained," by Vernon Bartlett ... "Nasser, the Hitler of the Arab World" In its regular column of extracts from the international press, Die Welt, Hamburg, 12-10-56, reprints from the not otherwise widely known "organ of the Moslem Brotherhood." 11. . . As the days gb by, I wish more and more that the U. S. would make the effort to come to an agreement with the Soviet Union by which neither of these two countries would pro- vide any arms to Near Eastern countries. "This would remove all question of attempts on either side to control these nations, and we could leave the inspection to the UN forces so that we would be sure no arms were coming in surreptitiously. "These nations could then proceed to receive economic aid from either the Soviet Union or the U. S. for projects to improve the standard of living of the people of their countries. . . ." (Eleanor Roosevelt, N. Y. Post, 4-16-57) at Damascus, Mannar, a passage entitled "Praise for Hitler." Commenting on the fact that Colonel Nasser is sometimes called in Britain and France "the Hitler of the Arab World," Mannar is quoted as having said: "It must not be forgotten that, in contrast to Europe, Hitler occupies a respected place in the Arab world. His name arouses in the hearts of our movement sympathy and enthusiasm. These sentiments are due not to his aggressiveness and greed for power but to the fact that he beat down. our traditional enemies, Britain and France. The whole Arab world was pleased at the time when France was routed by the Nazis; it was regarded as retribu- tion for the imperialist crimes which the French still keep committing. "If this is the way we feel about Hitler, the Nazi who is no blood relation of ours, how much more must we support a Leader who has risen from among the Arabs themselves and is inflicting defeat after defeat on the Western Powers, our eternal enemies? Blessed be the Arab people who succeeded in producing, from its own midst, a 'Hitler' who has shown that the Arab nation is entitled to an honourable place in the family of nations and that its sovereignty and freedom must be recognised. The British and French journalists are mistaken if they think they can hurt our feelings by calling Nasser 'Hitler of the Arab world.' On the contrary, that title fills our heart with pride. Long live Hitler the Nazi who shot his arrows into the heart of our enemies; long live the Hitler of the Arab world who opened to his people the gates to glory and eternity!" This passage from the journal of the Moslem Brotherhood at Damascus, quoted by Die Welt, was prominently reprinted . in the monthly magazine of the former Waffen-SS members, Wiking-Ru f, November 1956. (Condensed, Courtesy, The Wiener Library) The cover of the Arab version of "Mein Kampf" was reproduced in the No. 49 Issue of Prevent World War III. "ROW, ROW YOUR BOAT" Rosen in The Albany Times-Union Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 0ruhuu to CaL'w The Middle East crisis is an extremely complicated problem made all the more difficult by outside influences including the nefarious activities of Soviet agents. However, it is a fact that German influences have also been operating in this area with considerable effectiveness. Pan-Germans and former Nazis have gained important positions in a number of Middle Eastern states, particularly Egypt. Prevent World 117ar III has published detailed accounts of this development in the Nos. 41 and 47 issues. Additional information on the role of former Nazis in the Nasser Gov- ernment is contained in an exclusive report published by the National Jewish Monthly (February 1957). These dis- closures deserve to be pondered by all liberty-loving Americans and it is with this in mind that ire have reprinted the report. The violent actions taken by Nasser's government against British, French and stateless Jews resident in Egypt, the con- fiscation of their property, and their de- portation on from 9 to 72 hours' notice, have provided the press with a flood of news which overshadowed the ominous fate that looms over the naive Egyptian Jewish community of more than 10,000 individuals. This ancient Jewish community is be- ing systematically pauperized, maltreated, and interned together with common criminals in unspeakable places of de- tention. Together with the remainder of Egyptian Jews, they are left at the mercy of the State Security Cadre (SSC), which seems to be as precise a copy of the German Nazi Sichcrheitsdienst as Egyptian inexactitude permits. This unit is the military junta's forceful arm which is responsible for Egypt's actions and policies to a far greater extent than is generally known. The Commander-in-Chief of the SSC is Lt. Col. Al Nacher, formerly SS-Gros- saktionsleiter Leopold Gleim, who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Nazi government's SD-Geheimgarde. Addressing a luncheon in Cairo given in his honor by the representatives of the League for (East) German-Arab Broth- erhood (Al-akhwah al-Almaniyah I'Ara- biyah, i.e., Deutsch-Arabischer Bruder- schaftsverband) on December 17, 1956 ---Gleim frankly pointed out the sig- nificance of the SSC as the "backbone of Egypt's protective apparatus against the aggressive elements of Zionism and Imperialism." He thanked the League for its "vast help extended to this young State-a most significant contribution to the mutual efforts in the strengthening and stabilizing of Germano-Arabic friendship and relations." Later on, during more intimate talks with members of the Bruderschaft-- conducted in Hochdeutsch and made ge- mutlich by cigars, Bourbon, and coffee--- Gleim gave an outline of his unit's short history and structure. This outline, when pieced together with additional facts on hand and the already known pro- cedures of the Cadre's activities, sketches a tolerably clear picture of the Egyptian version of Nazism, which found in Egypt ideal conditions for its recrudescence. The plan for the SSC was drawn up by "several technical advisers of German origin," approved by the Ministry of In- terior. The Cadre headquarters were set up in Cairo, and its administration handed over to the 6,249 "arabized" Nazis presently in Egypt (aided by per- haps 70,000 Egyptians). According to Gleim, the unit consists of the following depar(ments: A : The Public Relations Department. (PR-Dpt.) The executive positions in this section are entirely manned by Germans who are holding Arab passports. The PR-Dpt. is headed by SS-Gruppenleiter Moser, a Sudeten German who has now assumed the name of Hussa Nalisman. His right- hand man is SA-Gruppenleiter Bubic. now arabized into Amman. The propaganda machine operates with German precision, according to the Goebbels-Stuermer pattern. Its main tar- get for attacks is, of course, the Jews. Egyptian youth has been responding en- thusiastically to this propaganda. The PR-Dpt. has branches in Berlin (East and West), Vienna, Stockholm, Helsinki. Rome, Milan and Bordeaux; it commands special squads of vans with loudspeakers, which cruise throughout Egypt constantly inciting again-t Ameri- can, British. French, Imperialistic or Zionist Jews---the adjective changing with the broadcaster's mood; and it also owns an independent broadcasting sta- tion which assiduously cultivates the en- tire Arab world. A flood of anti-Semitic literature is being published and distributed in the Middle East and Europe. Egypt's recent bestseller, however, was the new, popular edition of "Kefahi," the Arabic transla- tion of Hitler's "Mein Kampf." This is an abridged, illustrated version which contains photo-reproductions beginning with Hitler's picture as a corporal in Hindenburg's army and up to his cock- posing as the Fuehrer. The complete and unabridged version of "Mein Kampf" was first translated into Arabic in 1951 by the Syrian jour- nalist, author, and owner of the Beirut Printing & Publishing House, Louis al- Haj, formerly Luis Heiden, director of Die Reichsdeutsche Presseagentur, Berlin. Vulgar, colorful posters featuring the Israeli soldier as a bearded villain who bayonets an Egyptian baby, arc blooming in many Egyptian towns. These posters urge the people of Egypt to rise in Jihad -the Holy War-against "the Zionist threat to Islam." Egyptian youth is being assiduously educated for militarism. One of the out- standing examples of this campaign is the target-tent pitched opposite the SSC- HQ in Cairo's Liberty Square, where schoolboys are given an interest in usage of arms. The PR-Dpt, also has a very special branch: the Youth Club of the Deutsch- Arahischer Bruderschaftsverband. Twice weekly this Club has a closed session, when many Egyptian youngsters are sworn in by the Club's chairman, Hussa Nalisman. This requires only one more comment: Colonel Abdul Nasser is the Honorary President of the Club, and had been sworn in as member No. 3. Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 B : The Economic Department. (EC-Dpt.) The EC-Dpt., now so strongly associ- ated with Jewish affairs., is a close enough translation of the SS-Wirtschaftsamt, and it operates on a similar basis. This De- partment was founded on February 2, 1954; it controls the SSC treasury, which is independent of the Government's Ex- chequer. Apart from the annual allow- ance granted to the SSC from the Gen- eral Defense Budget, this treasury ab- sorbs a considerable income from prod- ucts of prison workshops throughout Egypt. The archives of the EC-Dpt. have a "Jewish Section" with a register of all Jewish property in Egypt. It contains Colonel Hatern, of the EC-Dpt., de- clared that "not a single piaster or brick has been confiscated, as the Zionist lies alleged. We have documentary proof that property and currency abandoned by peo- ple who had to leave Egypt were volun- tarily assigned to the administration of the EC-Dpt." Another interesting branch of the EC- Dpt. is the Public Sales Center in Cairo. Whatever remained in the residences which the Jewish deportees "voluntarily" assigned to the administration of the EC-Dpt.-furniture, clothes, paintings, refrigerators, radios, entire libraries, etc. -is being auctioned off. It brings to the SS treasury weekly profits ranging from 500 to 3,000 Egyptian Pounds. C: Secret State Police up-to-date information on this vital sub- That name rings a bell somewhere. If ject, which has now become, a major --translated into German it would be Ge- source of revenue to the SSC treasury. heime Staats Polizei; and if abbreviated: Upon the expulsion of thousands of for- eign and stateless Jews from Egypt, the EC-Dpt. cashed in 14 million Egyptian Pounds in currency, policies, and securi- ties, and 27 million Pounds of real prop- erty and assets abandoned by the Jewish deportees. It is worthwhile noting that the majority of deported Jews had been very rich; this explains why there was no mass deportation of all foreign and stateless Jews, and why individual ex- pulsion warrants were issued. The poorer stateless Jews have been left over, "to be dealt with later on"-as Colonel Abd-al- Qadir Hatem explained. Ge-Sta-Po. Its duties are now carried out by Army intelligence. The major section of this Department is the center of the Egyptian Intelligence Service. Next to it is a section headed by Lt. Col. Ben Salem, former SS-Bann- fuehrer Bernard Bender, who owing to his knowledge of the Yiddish language, was during the war Chief of, the Gestapo Special Branch for detection of Jewish underground movements in Poland and Russia, and who is now playing an im- portant role in Egypt's "economic and political administration." He is also the liaison between the Secret State Police CONY/CT/0 CKADE ISRAEL BNIpaF 2. INCITEMENT TO M4RDER 3. TNREATS TO IMMOY ISRAEL 4. THEFT OF A 6 CANAL 'and the EC-Dpt. Nevertheless Lt. Col. Ben Salem is a- very modest man, and while entertaining some of the young East-German visitors he declared "I never wear a uniform be- cause it makes one look more important than he really is." This is a moot matter, because in addition to all his known and unknown tasks, humble Ben Salem is also Chief of the Interrogation Center of the SSC, better known to the Egyp- tions and to the Egyptian Jews in par- ticular as "The Floating Hell." The Floating Hell is an old, 12,000- ton cargo vessel, the former Italian "Ma- rinajo Rosso," which has been converted into a floating prison of 80 cells where, according to Ben Salem, "only cases of special interest" are being held. The sole "practical device for bringing out the truth" which he was prepared to exhibit, was the recording center in the vessel's former radio cabin, from which a net- work of hidden microphones reaches all the cells. Thus, every word uttered dur- ing the interrogations or at intervals, while prisoners are together, is recorded. The recording center is operated by two men only: tight-lipped Sergei Klin- ikin from Odessa; and his subordinate, Alexei Morganoff, a true Moscovite with an enchanting smile, huge feet, and a Swiss watch. Both have served under Ben Salem ever since General Vlassoff S hanged flags. Only . that was about l one could get out of them. The Floating Hell performed a great Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1. Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 service for Egypt by helping the famous Jewish banker, Mr. Elie Politi, succumb there to the interrogation methods, and sign a document that he had voluntarily assigned 112,000 Pounds-all he pos- sessed. The Floating Hell was also where Lt. Col. Ben Salem had been "most de- lighted to be able personally to handle the affairs of an Egyptian publisher, a Jew named Mr. Salama." (Late news dispatches indicated That their confiscated businesses have been re- stored to a small number of Jews in Egypt-Editor.) Early in November the first phase of Salem's "Solution of the Jewish-Zionist Problem" began to take shape: Conducting 3,000 men of the SSC Executive Force (municipal police units, plainclothes men, and army squads), SS- Grossaktionsleiter Gleim personally su- pervised the combing of the Cairo and Alexandria rural districts, throughout the duration of the curfew. This action resulted in the seizure of 1,711 native Jews-men, women and children-inclu- sive of the six Jewish fellahin families of Mit Ghammar, who are the last survivors of a Jewish community believed to have lived there since 90 B.C.E. During this action, looting, rapine, and eight killings were reported and confirmed. The officers in charge ""re- gretted the incident which resulted due to the refusal of the subjects to follow instructions." These captives have been classified as "Prisoners Category Alif (A)" and con- centrated in the southern wing of the famous French-built prison, Des Bar- rages, in Cairo. No charges were made against them, but on the way to prison, all captives (exclusive of pregnant women and mothers of children below the age of 10) were handcuffed. The northern wing of Des Barrages is packed with "potential deportees" i.e., Jews who have no Egyptian nationality. The sanitary conditions in which those prisoners are being held should be of speical interest to those members of the UN and of the International Red Cross who, during interviews with foreign cor- respondents in Cairo, denied any knowl- edge of such conditions or of the above- mentioned arrests. Cells intended for 10 persons pres- ently shelter 30; and Cell No. 73 is packed with 38 male Jewish prisoners "because they have their own water- Closet," as explained by the Chief War- den, Hadji Mustaffa Ibn-Aziz, who is very friendly but responsive to bakshish only so far as "matters of non-political nature are concerned, because now-a-days politics are dangerous." The male prisoners arc not allowed out of their cells. Their sole opportunity to breathe some fresh air is while they carry out the waterbuckets-a task ea- gerly done every morning in rotation by a couple of prisoners--and while fetch- ing food and water. The daily rations consist of 500 grams of Pittah-bread and two litres of soup per head. Water (two litres per head) is being distributed only once daily, in the morning, and the male prisoners must drink it all at once, because they are not permitted to keep any containers in their cells, Women Are Treated Better The female prisoners are granted 20 minutes a day to walk in the prison courtyard, and mothers may, in addition to that, spend half an hour daily with their children, who have been accom- modated very comfortably in the former recreation hall for prison personnel. Mothers with babies up to the age of three are kept in the prison dispensary and have beds to sleep on. The babies are being provided with adequate and appropriate food and with daily rations of fresh milk. The 18,000 Alexandria Jews (among them some 6,000 natives) classified as "Category Ba (B)" suffered an attack which completely crushed their economic life. Alexandria's Military Governor, Col. Ilusseini, imposed under Security Act penalties, a permanent curfew which lasts from 5 p.m. to 9 a.m., and from 1 t a.m. to 3 p.m. The rest of the time is left for purchase of food which is usually bought with funds obtained through the sale of jewelry or other per- sonal assets, because by order of the SSC. EC-Dpt., 93 percent of every Jew- ish bank account has been blocked "until the position of Category Ba is clarified." Colonel Hatem elucidated this hazy statement as follows: "The Alexandria Jews are known to have strong connec- tions with Israel; but since we cannot bring them to justice without concrete proof and simultaneously cannot let them endanger the State Security by letting them carry on with their underground activities, we are forced to take some slight precautions. These are the "slight" precautions: All Arab enterprises have dismissed their Jewish employees without any com- pensation whatsoever-as per govern- ment orders, Most Jewish enterprises, including the Cicurel Stores and down to small shops, were taken over and only those few Jews who have inter-married were permitted to continue, but they closed their shops ""voluntarily" because they were picketed by the Moslem Brotherhood and their show-windows were stoned. Any custom- ers who attempted to enter Jewish shops were assaulted. All Jewish professionals in Alexandria (with the exception of a few dentists) have been forbidden to practice. 710 prominent Jewish personalities, including a relative of Mrs. Mendes-France, Mr. Guy Cicurel, former President of the Maccabi, and Mr. E. Levy, President of Egypt's Stock Exchange Board, as well as most of the Jewish doctors, have been arrested. According to rumors, they will be tried on charges of treason in a closed session of the Supreme Military Court, The Cairo Jewish community, how- ever, is undergoing an even greater crisis: All the Jewish schools have been closed, all communal activities paralyzed. The Jewish hospital has been taken over by Arab authorities and all Jewish per- sonnel and patients, regardless of their condition, were ejected on one hour's notice. Relatives of some of the more serious cases applied for their admission to Arab hospitals, but met with refusal. Five hundred Cairo Jewish men have been indefinitely interned in the English Grammar School, which was closed down and converted into a detention center with the outbreak of the Suez Canal crisis. Their wives and children, totalling 622, are held captive and 456 Jewish men, women and children are confined in the Hadrah Prison. 830 Cairo Jews are being held in the ruins of Qalat al- Qahira, outside the City. Three of these prisoners were "shot while attempting to escape"-the old Nazi gimmick. It was, however, not explained how they hap- pened to be shot inside the dead-end underground passage of the ruins where six mutilated bodies of Jewish girls were also found. "This Is Only the First Phase" Being literally under house-arrest, im- posed on them by the curfew, the re- maining Cairo Jews are subjected to frequent raids of the Moslem Brother- Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 hood. And over all this looms Nasser's camp, only recently vacated by the 3rd State Security Cadre with its iron grip. Regiment of the Egyptian Liberation Its commander, SS-Grossaktionsleiter Army (the unit which, commanded by Gleim, smilingly declared in front of Col. Nasser in 1948, withstood the Is- his young German visitors that "this is raeli attacks on Faluja) is now being only the first phase." converted at a cost of 17,000 Egyptian It can therefore be easily guessed that Pounds, and patterned on photo-copies the "Second Phase" will be the comple- of the original plan of the infamous tion of Ben Salem's "Solution of the Nazi "Medizinisches Versuchlager Man- Jewish-Zionist problem within territories nerheime bei Dachau," otherwise known of Sovereign Egypt"-a work which is as "Block 10," where hundreds of Jew- now being implemented through five ish girls were sterilized. The photo-copies newly-established concentration camps: of the original plan of this camp were the Heliopolis Fortress, destined to ab- supplied to the SSC by Karl Clauberg's sorb 2,000 internees; the Gizeb Barracks, direct superior, SS-Hauptstabsarzt Hein- which served during World War II as a rich Willermann, presently "arabized" P. 0. W. camp, able to shelter 10,000 into Lt. Col. Naam Fahum, who is now prisoners; two former army training cen- in charge of converting the Samarra Bar- ters, the Mustaffa Hanun-Pasha Barracks racks. near Almaza City, originally built for The stateless and foreign Jews still in 16,000 men, and the Borg al-Arab Bar- Egypt are hoping, probably against hope, racks near Alexandria, which once shel- that the UN will take them under its tered two divisions of recruits. protective wings. Should, however, the A Grim Concentration Camp UN decide otherwise, they will respond The most threatening of all, however, to Nasser's "encouragement" and leave is the fifth concentration camp: the Sa- Egypt-impoverished, destitute, but alive. Marra Baracks in the Suheilla region of But not the native Jews. They have the desert, 200 miles west of Cairo. Thistried to leave Egypt, but Nasser's gov- . When Egypt, in clear violation of her commitments and in defiance of the United Na- tions, excluded from the Suez Canal all ship- ping that served Israel, we did not bring pres- sure to bear on her. On the contrary, we con- tinued to give her economic and military assist- ance, which we planned to increase. When Egypt conducted armed raids into Israeli ter- ritory and prepared for the day when she might conquer Israel, we refrained from urging en- forcement actions that would have set all Asia against us. Here enforcement was not virtually impossible, as in the case of Hungary, but it was inexpedient. "In the light of these facts is it proper to say that, in forcing the Anglo-French retreat, we were simply applying to our European friends a policy of enforcement which we had thereto- fore been applying to our opponents and to the nations of Asia? Or would it be more accurate to say that we could afford to enforce the law on our friends and clients, who were at our mercy-that we might even profit in Asia by doing so-while we could not afford to enforce it against the Soviet Union in Hungary, and the price of enforcing it against the uncommitted peoples of Asia would be higher than we found it expedient to pay? ..." ernment refused most of them exit visas, and most of the foreign consulates re- fused entrance visas as well as racial asylum-thus leaving this ancient and once flourishing community in the sin- ister grip of Nasser's legislative paradox. Egyptian law imposes on them all its restrictions but deprives them of any rights or protection "within Sovereign Egypt"-thus preventing any foreign in- tervention on their behalf, except for . . the UN, maybe? Maybe. Because-in spite of the Cadre's strict censorship on publication of all events in Egypt and on news leaving the country -the UN has ample evidence and in- formation on what is going on there. Why, then, its reticence? Why the. pas- sive attitude towards Nasser's ruthless violation of human rights? The UN must release the facts and warn the world of what Nasser is up to, so that ap- propriate measures can be taken. Because -although economically ruined, interned, maltreated, and humiliated-it is not too late yet. Egyptian Jewry is still alive. (Courtesy, Nat. Jewish Monthly) WORSHIPER OF CRAVEN IDOLSI Courtesy, N. Y. Daily Mirror Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 ll %.0 1 CC&MMW SU 10 J)DhYkh? ? ? While an outraged world focussed at- tention on the Russian tanks crushing the Hungarian revolt, a group of Ger- man industrialists were enjoying the sights in Moscow. Of course, the West German Government had deplored tl:c Soviet action. It is also noteworthy that Chancellor Adenauer's Government "was profoundly disturbed" over U. S. "hesi- tation" during the crisis (New York Times, 11-2-56). According to the New York Times, a senior official in the Bonn Government (unidentified) declared that the prestige of the U. S. "hangs in bal- ance," He warned that if Washington pursued a do nothing policy in Hungary and permitted the Stalinist tyranny to triumph, the moral capital of the U. S. in Germany "will be worth nothing." Bonn's "holy anger" and the visit of the industrialists to Moscow may best be understood not as a contradiction but rather as a division of labor. Berthold Beitz, Krupp's General Manager, put it succinctly: "1 ant a businessman, so what do I care about politics? Let Adenauer see to politics, and let him leave me do my job. All embargo lists (on trade will; the Soviet bloc) should be abolished immediately," The Eastern Contact The "tourists" in Moscow repreccnt- ing some of the largest industrial aggre- gates including Krupp, Mannesmann, Siemens, AEG, Demag and Gutchofl- nungshUtte, were warmly received by the Soviet Minister for Heavy Industry. Their travels were quite extensive rang- ing from a visit to Moscow's industrial and agricultural exhibition to the fato- ries and industries of the Ukraine and the Urals. Judging from subsequent de- velopments, it appears that their sojourn in Soviet Russia has created promising opportunities for both, the Germans and the Russians. This is not to say that the visit of the German industrialists repre- sented a radical shift in Soviet-German relations. It would be more accurate to say that the visit added a powerful stim- ulus to contacts which have steadily im- proved over a number of years. In August 1952 leading spokesmen for the Ruhr conferred secretly with associates of Soviet Deputy Prime Min- ister Mikoyan in Copenhagen, The meet- ing was called at West German initiative with the prior knowledge of the Bonn Government. It took place only 3 months after the Allies had drawn up the Con- tractual Agreement which gave West Germany a free hand in her foreign relations. The meeting retrained a closely guarded secret until former Foreign Min- ister Molotov let the cat out of the bau during a Big Four meeting in Berlin in 1954. Commenting on this sensational disclosure the Christian Science Monitor (-1-17-54) noted that talks between Moc- cow and West German industrialists had "been going on for about 3 years." One year after the secret get-together in Copenhagen, Chancellor Adcnauer made a public statement on Sovic-Ccr- man relations which would be inter- preted as a followup of that sleeting. As reported in the Frankfurter Allge- meinc Zcitung (7-7-53) the Chancellor urged the strengthening of economic ties bctwe_n West Germany and tl:e Sovies and expressed confidence that this would facilita'e clo-er political undcrsranding. "Already today the states of the Euro- pean Schuman plan have formed a mar- ket of 157 million people. Thus from the point of view of the Riirsian econ- omy these countries represent a highly interesting trade partner. Years ago there refits a tine when the economy of Ger- many and Russia complemented one art- other in a magnificent way. The economy of an integrated Europe, including Ger- many, could do vastly more. The greater the economic integration (between li7est- ern Europe and Russia), the grea.'er the political security." Since then other German political leaders have repeated the Adenauer thesis. As recently as February 10, 1956, Foreign Mini-ter von Brentano to!d tl-e U. S. News & World Report: "ll''ithou! doubt the economies of both countries (Rarsia and Germany) could supnle- ment each other in a most tt.ceJul trlarr- ner. Playing the Right Cards - At the Right Tinter (;cite understandably the delicate ni- ture of Soviet-German relations has taxed the ingenuity and frne:se of German of- ficialdom. Bonn is incli^cd to discourage publicity about this side of its diplomacy since it could p!ace the Chancellor, "God's gift to the West," in an em- barrassing light. Conte ,uently, the gen- eral line passed down to those who write about this touchy subject, may be summed up in these words: "The less said, the better." It was with this dictum in mind that Adcnauer and his associates tried to deflate the importance of his trip to Moscow in 1955. At a press conference in July of that year, Herr von Brentano assured report- ers that Adenauer would remain stead- fastly loyal to the West regardless of the impending talks with the Kremlin. Indeed, he declared, the Chancellor would not even think of going to Mos- cow if he felt there was no hope of altering the Russian stand on German unification, Though Adenauer has shown a marked talent for talking one way to Moscow and another to Washington, this fact does not seem to have registered among our top policy makers. Prior to his trip to Moscow he conferred at length in Washington and told our experts that he would not agree to the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Kremlin. Ile said he was going to talk tough and would, insist that there could be no ex- change of ambassadors until substantial progress had been made on the problem of German unity. It was only after his policy of toughness was transformed into a posture of meekness that U. S. policy makers showed the first signs of shock. It has always been surprising to us that Washington should have been taken aback by the results of the Bulganin- Adcnauer get-together. After all, as early as May 7, 1954, the Chancellor specifi- cally stated to his own people that diplo- matic relations between West Germany and the Soviet Union "might be estab- lished in the not too far future." He said by way of explanation. "Our trade with the Soviets has been intensified lately." Thus, Adenauer consistent with his previous statement in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, had given clear in- dication of what he was up to. However, Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Washington in 1955 preferred to believe in the stories which Adenauer had handed out for American consumption. Washington's chagrin over the diplo- matic rapproachment between the Krem- lin and Bonn was heightened still further when the U. S. Ambassador to Moscow Charles E. Bohlen reported that nego- tiations between Adenauer and Bulganin had been decisively in Moscow's favor. According to Drew Pearson (10-1-55) Bohlen reported to the State Department that Adenauer "had been virtually putty in Russian hands, and warned that the U. S. could not trust the West Germans to stand up against the Kremlin in the future." As if to anticipate criticisms of his dealing with Moscow, Chancellor Adenauer told the press just before de- parting from Russia, "I swear that I made no secret. agreement with the Rus- sions." Fact and Fiction In the maze of diplomatic maneuver- ing and intrigue, it is not easy to sepa- rate fact from fiction. The passage of time, however, does help to clear the air. Thus, in October, 1956, the Russians sent a long note to the West German Government on the problem of unifica- tion. The Kremlin complained that Bonn was not "endeavoring to solve on the basis of mutual understanding questions that have not been settled and which interest both sides and obviously con- tradicts the agreements made between our governments during the Moscow ne- gotiations in the year 1955." While the note did not reveal all of the specific agreements which were supposed to have been reached between the two govern- ments, it made reference to "firm agree- ment on the question of the development of trade ..." It is significant, we think, that Adenauer has never denied that he reached such an understanding with the Russians. On the contrary, the informa- tion which has been published relative to this issue, points to the fact that the Germans no less than their Russian counterparts are very much interested in an agreement. Shortly after the Russians had sent their note of complaint to Bonn, the new Soviet Ambassador to West Germany, Andrei A. Smirnov, received a cordial welcome from leading German officials. The New York. Times (10-26-56) re- ported: "The West German Government is eager to make use of Mr. Smirnov's presence here ... The official policy now is to 'activate' Soviet-West German rela- tions in the hope that bit by bit the basis for serious negotiations on German re- unification can be established." The Times referred to the first round discus- sions between the Soviet Ambassador ". . . It will be recalled that the French govern- ment was able to obtain the approval of the National Assembly for the Paris Agreements only on the strict understanding that the new German army would never be equipped with atomic weapons. "But it is now affirmed that the weapons for- bidden to Germany are to be fabricated in Spain. "According to recent reports, Franco has offered all facilities for their manufacture, and the United States is prepared to finance some extra ones for experimentation in atomic weapons-more for the benefit of Germany than of Spain. "If this information is correct it would be a repetition of what happened during the twenties. The Versailles treaty explicitly limited the num- ber and kind of military equipment permitted the small new German army authorized by the victorious Allies...." (J. Alvarez Del Vayo, Gazette & Daily, 1-30-57) and the Bonn Foreign Office which would include "an improvement of trade relations" and "a cultural and scientific exchange." "Love Notes" and the Fair As the new year was ushered in, the eagerness of the Bonn Government to talk about trade with the Soviets grew considerably. The Frankfurter Rundschau (1-5-57) reported that the West German Government "no longer takes a negative attitude to the conclusion of a trade agreement between the Federal Republic and Soviet Russia." A spokesman for the Government, according to the newspaper, declared that Chancellor Adenauer "after his talks with Soviet Ambassador Smir- now shortly before Christmas seemed fully agreeable to take this subject under consideration." The Associated Press of the same date reported that this devel- opment resulted partially from the pres- sure of West German industrialists who hope to profit from it. Several days after these reports appeared in the press, the Chancellor spoke at a news conference. The Times described him as "relaxed and in good humor" and "maintained his new 'flexible' posture while making it clear that he was not rushing out to curry Soviet favor." He emphasized that he wanted to expand trade with the Soviets. In a message to the Soviet Govern- THE DIRECT WIRE Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 ment (March 1957) which referred to Bulganin's original complaint, the Chan- cellor agreed to discuss ways and means of expanding trade relations which would "improve the political atmos- phere." Moscow seemed pleased to learn that the Chancellor felt this way and promptly notified Bonn that the Soviets were ready to conduct negotiations "in the very near future." The deal was sealed when the West German Govern- ment informed Moscow that it was pre- pared to negotiate trade and consular agreements (New York Times, 4-18-57). The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung viewed the exchange of these notes as "a sure sign that the Federal Govern- ment plans concrete negotiations between the two countries in which diplomatic relations are not merely empty formal- ities." Following on the heels of this diplo- matic exchange, the Germans opened their Hannover Fair. Judging from de- scriptions in the press, one is almost tempted to believe that a most important consideration governing the organization of this fair was to impress the Russians with the great possibilities of trade be- tween the two countries. The London Financial Times (4-22-57) said that re- ports had been circulating that "massive Soviet trade bids may be made" at the fair where four Soviet trade delegations totaling 50 high ranking officials, were expected. A New York Times reporter observed that the Russian technical and trade experts were coming in sufficient strength "to inventory the fair and draw up 1 ists of manufacturers producing goods needed by the Soviet Union" (4-27-57). Commenting on this devel- opment the Times correspondent stated that when the German trade negotiations arrive in Moscow, the Soviets will have conveniently prepared for them the lists of specific goods which they desire. On the following day (4-28-57) the Times correspondent reported that the Soviet Ambassador and his colleagues from Moscow "made a bee-line for The Krupp pavilion on their arrival at the fair." He also mentioned that such great con- cerns as Demag, Kloeckner and Rhein- stahl received "the personal attention of the Soviet officials." The fair made a hit with the Russians. The Soviet Ambassador sent a telegram to the exhibition stating that it had aroused great interest in Russia. He ex- pressed the hope that through this event Soviet officials would "be able to make valuable contacts with German business- men and thus strengthen economic and scientific relations" (Frankfurter Allge- meinc 7eitung, 4-27-57). Wilfried Braun, Chairman of the Board of Hartmann & Braun A. G., Frankfurt, told the Frankfurter Allge- meine that the embargo on Russia was no longer "disturbing" his exports to that country. He informed the press that within a few weeks he would fly to Russia with a private delegation of Ger- man industrialists, He saw great possi- bilities in exports to the eastern bloc and said that payment arrangements were always prompt and never produced any difficulties. The "Fire Buries Bright" Obviously the profit lure has kindled a fire among the Ruhr industrialists. Un- der these circumstances the task of diplo- macy became more difficult. In simple terms, the problem is to contain this enthusiasm so as to avoid giving alarm to Washington which has placed so much trust in "tier Alte." Thus, we find reports in the press (which seem to be inspired) indicating that the Germans are "re- luctant" to deal with the Russians and are "worried" lest the Soviets demand too much, The New York Times (4-21- 57) describes how West German officials are allegedly concerned over the Soviet Government's propaganda for large scale trade relations. We are told that Bonn is determined to place a limit on com- mercial transactions with the Russians. We have also been given to understand that Adenauer will not enter into "a formal trade agreement with Russia" but will only consent to "an informal trade agreement . - ." (New York World Telegram, 4-27-57). Can one think of a better example of hairsplitting? It is hard to believe that the mores of the German cartellists are so unique that they will go out of their way to avoid making as much profit as they can from trade with the Eastern bloc. Fact is that German trade with the Soviets and the satellites has risen spectacularly. West Germany's trade with the East was 710 million DM in 1950. In 1955 it reached the figure of 1,351 million DM and for the first 10 months of 1956 1,786 mil- lion DM. In 1956 trade with the Soviet Union alone was 25076 of what it had been in the previous year. These statistics tell the trend. In some respect trade with the Russians is even more significant than the overall statistics indicate. Ac- cording to an article published in the Soviet publication New Times "West Germany's Stake in Soviet Trade" (March 1957) it is stated that in 1956 "the USSR stood first in Western Ger- many's imports of pig iron (23 per cent), second in her imports of rye (26 per cent) and third in her imports of as- bestos (17 per cent). It was the second biggest buyer of West-German shipping (18 per cent) and copper wire, and third to fifth biggest buyer of certain types of rolled steel." Studies conducted by West German Government experts show that exports to the Soviets could reach as high as $1 billion annually. These export plans will unquestionably be borne in mind by Bonn diplomats in future negotiations. "The fact that German experts drew up these plans would appear to contradict the internal propaganda line that trade with the Soviet Union does not have a future" (New York Times, 9-18-55). The Times report could have added that these statistics and studies also belie the propaganda which the Germans have been passing out to the West. Bonn has not only pretended that fu- ture trade with the Soviets will be of little value but its top leaders are al- ways careful to assure the West that commercial dealing with the Russians will not assume diplomatic significance. On the other hand, the German people are told a different story. The German newspaper Die Welt (4-15-57) carried a special editorial under the title "Trade with Russia." It noted that a future trade agreement with Moscow would not only step up contacts between the two coun- tries in the economic sphere but in the political as well. "There is," the edi- torial observed, "the desire to again take up old contacts and connections with which we have had such favorable expe- riences between the two wars, Politically the creation of trade relations with Rus- sia can become a trump card for us, A genuine trade agreement would really be the biggest trump of all ..." Because of the importance of future negotiations which would involve vital political con- siderations, the editorial believes that Bonn should entrust these negotiations "only to the best man who is in a pasi- tion to maintain relations to the Commit- tee for Eastern Matters of German in- dustrialists." - The above editorial was in sharp con- Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 tract to previous positions taken by the Bonn Government. On May 2, 1956, a spokesman for Chancellor Adenauer told the press that the Bonn Government would not negotiate a trade agreement with the Soviet Union until the Soviet Government was ready to consent to the reunification of Germany in "peace and freedom." A few weeks later von Bren- tano repeated this point at a press con- ference and dismissed a trade agreement with the Russians as "by no means ur- gent." As recently as January 11, 1957, Adenauer declared that his government would not negotiate a commercial treaty with Moscow. But this promise may be evaluated in the same light as Adenauer's previous pledge not to establish diplo- matic relations with Moscow. Fact is that such negotiations are now under way. Ironically, agreement to negotiate came shortly after Adenauer had succeeded in obtaining a veto power over vital aspects of US policy (see p. 4). As previously noted, Germany went into secret con- ference with the Russians in Copenhagen after winning the Contractual Agree- ment. They seem to be repeating ! The Larger Goal There is no question but that leading circles in West Germany look upon the trade negotiations as a stepping stone toward resolving political issues between Bonn and Moscow. Chancellor Adenauer has stressed this tie-up and the Soviets, too, share the same views. Thus, along- side the preparatory steps for the con- clusion of a trade agreement we find Soviet and German sentiment speculating on the wider ramifications. In the Jan- uary 1957 issue of the Russian publica- tion "International Affairs," several il- luminating documents on former Soviet- German economic relations are repro- duced allegedly taken from German archives. On February 17, 1920, the top executives of the Allgemeine Elektrizi- taets Gesellschaft, Felix Deutsch and Walter Rathenau, wrote a lengthy memo- randum dealing with the problem of establishing economic and political ties with the Bolshevik Regime. The German industrialists urged that Germany "with all haste" should establish contacts with the new Russian regime and declared that Germany's future relations with the East "will evidently be brightest if Ger- man foreign policy succeeds as soon as possible in establishing relations between Germany and the Eastern states which would make the latter refrain from agree- ing to desires of the Entente for a re- striction of relations between Germany and Russia." They expressed alarm lest the Entente took the initiative before the Germans. They further warned, that the closer the understanding between the Entente and the Soviets "the greater the danger that Germany will miss the mo- ment for laying the foundations of a suc- cessful Germany policy in Eastern Eu- rope." Elaborating on their views the memorandum said, "The decisive point is that Germany will be either- a colony .of the Entente countries, the object of exploitation by them, and if necessary a purveyor of hired troops who will have to fight for the glory of the Entente any- where in the world where, the criminal working of the Versailles Conference kindles a war, or she will succeed in ex- ploiting the political possibilities which offer themselves in the East of Europe and winning a modicum of independence and freedom which will guard her against the worst privations and oppres- sion. Besides the fact that Central and Eastern Europe are neighbours and eco- nomcially complete each -other, they also have common needs, and Russia and Germany have the common fate of de- feated nations. Cleverly and carefully to make use of the points of contact given here, and by developing them to construct a dependable framework for German foreign policy is a need the importance of which has probably never been felt so strongly as today, when the demands of the Entente for extradition (of crim- inals-Ed.) are aimed at tainting the name of Germany with indelible dis- grace for centuries." Toward the conclu- sion of this memorandum the industrial- ists declared: "But the revival of German influence in Russia gives Germany at the same time the possibility of being an in- termediary between Russia and other countries, particularly the Ignited States of America. These countries call for German mediation because psychologial- ly the British and Americans do not un- derstand the Russians as well as the Ger- mans who have at least had the rich ex- perience of the pre-war period." The Russian publication also reproduced let- ters from Stresemann and from Krupp, stressing the importance of the Eastern contact. It does not take a bright mind to figure out why the Russians should have reproduced these documents at this time. Bulganin's note to the Germans of February 5, 1957 seems to fit in exactly with the Russian propaganda offensive designed to reawaken the "good old times." Bulganin did not equivocate and the letter is particularly warm and friendly. Here are some choice excerpts: "Whether there will be peace or war in Europe depends above all on the fu- ture relations between our- peoples. That is why both our Governments must be aware of their responsibility for the des- Deutsche Volkszeitung Approved For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 tinies of the peoples of their countries and for the destinies of peace in Eu- rope ... "After thoroughly analyzing the pres- ent situation my colleagues and I have come to the conclusion that the vital in- terests of the Soviet and the German peoples call for a decisive turn in the relations between the USSR and the Federal Republic of Germany .. . "Only such a turn in the relations be- tween our countries can guarantee that the two great peoples-the Soviet and the German-will never again be forced to squander their forces and wealth, bleeding each other white ... "It is not difficult to understand that those who want to push the Federal Re- public of Germany onto the road of rear least of all care for its future, or the interests of the German people. They obviously count on evading the retalia- tory atomic blow and on placing in jeopardy the Federal Republic of Ger- many hoping that others will pull their chestnuts out of the fire ... "We hope, however, that the national patriotic forces that will not allow their country to be drawn into war gambles will prevail in the Federal Republic of Germany ... "It was not without reason that in the past the most far-sighted statesmen of Germany, attaching great importance to the strengthening of German-Russian relations, vigorously denounced the at- tempts to set Germany at loggerheads with Russia ... "It is no exaggeration to say that there are tremendous possibilities for the large- scale development of over-all economic contacts between the Soviet Union and the Federal Republic of Germany to the mutual advantage of both sides. The Federal Republic has a highly developed industry and can count on big and ad- vantageous orders from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union in its turn also has broad possibilities for selling goods to the Federal Republic of Germany needed by its industry and agriculture. "Ire raise the question of expanding trade with the Federal Republic also because the Soviet Union regards the de- velopment of such contacts as a firm foundation for improving the political relations between states." Business Week (2-16-57) reported that the Bulganin message to Adenauer looked "like the first gambit in a differ- ent Soviet approach to the German ques- lion . . . Bulganin Wrote as though he thought a Soviet-German agreement would settle all the problems of Europe." Mutual Admiration Society Soviet propaganda latched on to the note with a steady drumbeat on the enormous good that would come from close ties between Moscow and Bonn. One Russian commentator reported an important conference to be held in Dus- seldorf by West German business circles. According to him, the meeting evoked great enthusiasm and was filled to capac- ity--200 people were refused entrance. The same commentator quoted German newspapers and businessmen to the effect that good relations with the Russians was a "must" He referred to an article published by the Rheinischc Post, an or- gan closely associated with Adenauer's party, which said that a trade treaty with the Soviet Union would be of mutual benefit. Another publication associated with German industry, West Post, de- clared that a trade treaty with Russia "would help to improve the political climate in the relations between the two countries ..." It also noted that one of Germany's top financiers, Robert Pferd- menges, perhaps Adenauer's closest ad- visor, had also spoken favorably for the conclusion of an agreement with the Russians. As the political flirtation grew charmer, Soviet propagandists began to recall the halcyon days of the 1920s and 1930s when close economic and political co- operation existed between Germany and the Soviets. Thus, a special article re- cently appeared in the government news- paper Izvestia entitled "The Spirit of Rapallo and Our Times." The writer of the article, N. Polyanov, spoke about "the lessons of Rapallo" which marked what he called "sincere friendly coopera- tion" between the two countries. Surely, he Said, this spirit must still be alive. "Is it not time to achieve a decisive change in relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the USSR, a change towards confidence and friend- ship? The possibilities in this direction have by no means been exhausted." The love note excited Adcnauer too, and he publicly declared that it was of decisive significance. At the same time, he told reporters that he would not dis- cuss its contents because the time was premature. The Russians, always with an eye towards exploiting the propaganda value of their diplomatic moves, were uninhibited and publicized the contents of the note all over the world. Bonn was extremely annoyed by this publicity. One German newspaper, the Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, published a cartoon of "Auntie Adenauer" watching Mar- shal Bulganin announcing in a television screen the text of his latest note; Aden- auer is incensed and says, "But I thought that was our special secret." Poor Aden- auer did not take into account the Rus- sian temperament which can be embar- rassingly frank. The well-known German commentator Reinhard Gerdes, speaking over the radio on February 8, 1957, found great poten- tialities in Bulganin's note: "They (the Russians) may with to obtain a disarm- ament agreement through the mediation of the Federal Government. The Chan- cellor should see to it that despite all caution the Soviet request will not be turned down." The idea of Germany holding the last word on East-West re- lations is certainly an attractive one for German diplomacy, especially if Aden- auer is able to prove to the Russians that they can obtain advantageous terms through his good offices. On February to, Herr Gerdes returned to this theme mentioning that Adenauer's statement on the possibility of halting the test of H bombs "was also designed to increase Soviet readiness for talks with Bonn ..." As though he was talking to the Soviets, Gerdes once again empha- sized Adenauer's "position of trust in the Western world" and the role that he could play as mediator between the United States and Russia. Another Ger- man radio commentator, Otto Herr, also waxed enthusiastically over Bulganin's note. Here was a great opportunity which the Federal Republic must not neglect. "Among the Vestern nations," he told his listeners, "the Federal Republic is the biggest supplier of the Soviet Union anyway.,, It has been rightly stated that a well informed public opinion is the surest guaranty for an intelligent and farsighted foreign policy. In our opinion, it is a real tragedy that the American people, as we have stated many times in Prevent World War III, have come to know only one side of the German coin. Respon- sibility for this state of affairs which can do great harm to the national interest, rests in the first place with those who formulate our policy towards Germany. Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 zCUM cokil& )7 19 American Pro-Adenauer Paper Predicts the Coming Showdown Between Germany and the U. S. A. Dear Editor: Scanning some German language newspapers printed in the United States, I came across an article which amazes even the hard-boiled observer of German geopolitical scheming. On April 24, 1957, the "America-Herold," a political weekly printed in Winona, Minn., carried an article "The Grab of Africa" which is translated below. The article reveals Germany's true aims in Africa and anticipates in the not too distant future a showdown over the Dark Continent between a United Europe and the "greedy Wall Street imperialists." in essence the "America-Herold's" article could be regarded as Bonn's prematurely issued ultimatum to the United States "to keep hands off in Africa." The America-Herold has been an outspoken apologist on German war crimes. Among its regular feature writers are such prominent political figures as Prince Hubertus zu Loewenstein and Dr. Hans von Hentig, two Pan-German propagandists whose activities have been disclosed by the Society in the past. The America-Herold also publishes articles by leading Bonn politicians such as Chancellor Adenauer, Foreign Minister von Brentano and the State Secretaries Hallrtein and Lenz. In addition, this German paper is often filled with Bonn's official propaganda handouts or with unsigned articles which deal with certain "hot" geopolitical questions. In short, the America-Herold, as so many other German language papers in the U. S., functions as an unrestrained propaganda wheel for the interests of the Bonn Republic. The record shows that almost all of the German language papers in the U. S. have served the Nazi cause and were subsidized by the Hitler government in one form or another. Today these papers, supposedly American publications, serve Dr. Adenauer's game of "Welt- macht" politics. Let me demonstrate what this means by pointing out the highlights of the article in question. Interpreting Vice President Nixon's recent state visit to several countries in Africa as a demonstration of "Wall Street's greedy designs," the author expects in the future "very serious tensions between Europe and the United States." Africa, warns the article, is the last underdeveloped continent, a rich storehouse of raw materials that must not fall into American hands. To secure the limitless raw materials of Africa for the industrial plant of the old continent, is for Europe "a question of life or death." Wall Street's present "offensive" to grab the riches of Africa must be stopped. Therefore, Germany must regain her strength and rally the forces of Europe in order to "defend" Africa. The showdown will come when the reunification of Germany will lead to a unified and strong Europe. That, says the article, will change the whole balance of power in the world and a'situation will develop in which "the American people will be confronted with the necessity, forced upon them, of paying the bill for Wall Street's greed for money!" The "America-Herold" article demonstrates two facts very clearly: First, that the ruling circles in the Bonn Republic, the industrialists, the Ribbentrop diplomats in the Bonn Foreign Office and the geopolitical schemers of the Hitler-Haushofer tradition still adhere to the old German blueprint of "Weltmachtpolitik"; secondly, that these planners are convinced that Germany's "third try" again will be a showdown with the Anglo-American world. The political planners in Bonn certainly do not want to fight the Bolsheviks in the Urals. Of this they have bad enough! Their hopes today center around the thought of how they can undermine the British and American world. position. The issue is quite clear: The coming German battleground is Africa, the only great raw material storehouse available to the West. Here the Germans are determined to tell us point blank: Stay out or you Americans will have a fight on your hands! This is frank geo- political language in the best Hitler style. It is my hope that this article will serve as an eye opener. By now our diplomats and intelligence scouts should know the whole story about Bonn's planning in Africa. Enough of this self-incriminating material has been published by Dr. Adenauer himself and by "A German parliamentary delegation has recently returned from a trip of inspection of commercial possibilities in Asia which went as far as Bangkok, Thailand. One aftermath of this trip has been a spate of proposals designed to attract Arab and Asian students to German uni- versities and technical schools and applicants for industrial training to German factories. At the present time there are 3,000 or 4,000 Asian students and some 5,000 trainees in factories and it is hoped to multiply these figures. . . . "The intensive development of commercial and educational contacts with the nations of Asia and the planned expansion of these con- tacts is one of several proofs that Germany, after Hitler tried to solve its problem of earning a national livelihood by military conquest and exploitation, has now set out on a much more promising road. It is the absence of any specter of German political ambition that is an asset to the German businessman and engineer in this `anti-colonial' age." (William Henry Chamberlin, Wall St. Journal, 1-29-571 Approved For Release 2006/11/21 :, CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 his whole group of assorted geopolitical masterminds. To refresh our memories we need only mention but a front page article which appeared many years ago under Dr. Adenauer's own signature in his ideological mouthpiece, the "Rheinischer Merkur" (5-20-50). Dr. Adenauer then acclaimed the Schuman Plan as the beginning of "a long-range economic venture in Africa" that would bring fulfillment to the German dream. A Jew years later the same Rheinischer Merkur (6-24-55) complained bitterly about "America's economic offensive into Africa, the last available rare material storehouse in the western world." The paper then warned that it would be foolish for Europe to continue an ostrich-like bead in the sand policy in fare of America's dangerous penetration of Africa. In a similar vein the nationalist German magazine "Nation Europa" wrote in its August 1954 issue that Germany and France together must rally their strength, organize Africa and then "convince the Americans that it might be wise for them to scurry on to their ships and get out." For many years now the German industrialists and geopoliticians hire clamored in secret memoranda, in books and articles, that Europe and Africa must be wielded into a new super-continental bloc far more powerful in population and economic resources than the U. S. S. R. and the United States. This great African venture is pushed quietly and relentlessly by the industrial and financial barons of the Rhine and Ruhr. Up to ibis time nobody in Washington has dared to intercede against Dr. Adenauer's "tremendously bold plan'": First the creation of the new Leberstraum, Eurafrica, followed by rapproarhement with Russia. If this comes to pass, the United States will soon be confronted with the showdown "made in Germany." Every diplomatic more by the U. S. A. which has resulted in undermining the traditional position of Britain and France in the Middle East and Africa is hailed and exploited by the Bonn Republic. Washington's past policies have contributed enormously to a development that has played right into the hands of the German schemers, They know only too well that fruition of their plans would bring them the gift of a rich continent to replace a few more or less important colonies which they lost after World War I. Today the Germans can well afford to be against "colonies" if they are in the process of taking over two continents. It would be wise if our Germany Firsters in the Pentagon and the State Department would place the following article as a perma- nent reminder on their desks. T. H. Tetens. THE GRAB OF AFRICA A Translation from the "America-Herold" Winona, Minn.) The official trip of U. S. Vice President Nixon to Africa, carried out with such great pomp, awakened world public opinion for the first time to what attentive observers have foreseen with great worry: American big business is beginning to take over the "black continent" for its own expansion as a sort of "second South America." This development should disturb every friend of peace; more so, it should most deeply disquiet all those desirous of good relations between Europe and America, for it contains potentialities of new and really serious friction between Eu- rope and America, which for the present-due to the pre- ponderous power of America and the present division and weakness of Europe-may still seem unimportant, but which in the years to come will put the greatest strain upon the relations between Europe and America- Let us first look at the facts: big business in America for a long time has recognized in Africa a chance to recover its source of raw materials and its market for its products which it lost to the Red Moscow-Peiping imperium in Asia. Wall Street adroitly understood, and continues to understand to project itself in the foreground as the natural heir to the colonial powers, above all, England and France. Wall Street is repeating the same game in Africa that it has played so successfully in Burma and India against Eng- land, in Indonesia against the Netherlands and in Indo-China against the French. In the role of a champion in the fight for national freedom, Wall Street Dollar imperialism becomes the successor of the economic position held by the former colonial masters. The new nations only discover very grad- ually, that national independence without economic and fi- nancial freedom amounts to only a half-baked thing. This game, which Wall Street has played so successfully in the Far, Middle and Near East since 1945, is now to be repeated in Africa. In the light of the commercial interests of Wall Street, the economic and financial points of view have priority, but they will be masked through political moral attitudes---a procedure for which England itself for centuries has furnished the pattern ! Any one aware of history will react with a disdainful smile when reading American Vice-President Nixon's re- marks: that America only wants to draw Africa within its orbit, to prevent it from falling into the hands of the com- munists! This is how it looks according to the report of the "Zilricher Tat" of March 12, 1957: "U. S. Vice President declared at a Press Conference on Saturday, A f rila with its tremendous resources and 200 mil- lion inhabitants constitutes "object number one for the corn- nnmtist movement'." It would be wise to consider Wall Street's intention in this situation more seriously, than within the motivations advanced by Nixon ! There can he no doubt about world capital, concentrated in Wall Street and controlled from there, being increasingly determined, to exploit Africa's wealth for itself and turn its 200 million inhabitants into cheaply paid industrial proletarians: they would be used as replacements for the "far too costly" white industrial work- ers and thus increase the profits of financial capital manifold; on the other hand it would open up the possibility of a continuing pressure against the unions-for lower wages. Above all, Africa represents a challenge to world finance because of its immense riches in ores of all kinds, of which until now only the deposits in South Africa, Rhodesia and the Belgian Congo have become known and developed; the vast wealth of Morocco and Ethiopia staggers the imagina- tion. Oil of course, ranks in second place, its existence hav- ing been proven by French discoveries in Algeria, Maureta- nia and the Sahara in large quantities; without doubt it also occurs in other regions of Africa. Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 In this sequence there follows uranium, important today, absolutely indispensable tomorrow; as is generally known, the Congo is still its greatest world supplier-and the gamut of all known minerals, which Africa offers in sheer inex- haustible volume and which only await development and transportation. All this is understandable ! But all this is also known in Europe-with this difference: that these raw materials repre- sent a question of life and death for factory Europe! Where- as for Wall Street they only are a question of monetary gain! This leads to serious and compulsively increasing conflicts of interest between American high finance and European economy-the results of which is partly dependent upon the attitude of the American people, partly upon the unity and strengthening of Europe; and, last, not least, upon the attitude of the peoples and nations of Africa. The American people must know that, due to the greedy grab of Wall Street in Africa, it will find itself in serious and compulsively increasing opposition to all European peo- ples, for whom this is a question of life or death! American politics, whose dependence upon Wall Street is at least as large as it is upon the American voter, may be indifferent to this for the time being; but when the day of the coming reunification and strengthening of Germany arrives-and with this, the unity and strengthening of Europe-then the weight of this problem will increase; and the American peo- ple could be confronted with the necessity, forced upon them, of paying the bill for Wall Street's greed for money! H. HOOVER JR.'S THREE HATS "According to reports published in the Amer- ican and European press . . . Mr. Herbert Hoover, Jr., former Under Secretary of State, has accepted General Franco's invitation to be chief engineer of Spain's oil trust .. . Mr. Hoover's mission, according to reports, "can facilitate the exploitation by a Spanish- American group of the oil deposits in the Sa- hara, which up to now have only been tapped by France." "Herbert Hoover, Jr., former Under Secretary of State, returned to the State Department as a part-time consultant on oil imports and Middle East affairs." "Herbert Hoover, Jr., who is retiring from his job as Number One to John Foster Dulles at the State Department, has agreed to go to the Middle East to act as a special `adviser' to King Saud on behalf of President Eisenhower. . ." (Sefton Delmer, Daily Express, 2-12-57) Decisive will be, what solution the peoples and nations of Africa will choose: for submission to Dollar Imperialism or for co-operation with Europe ! For unhealthy industrialization by transformation of its own inhabitants to industrial prole- tarians-or for an economy complimentary to that of Europe, whereby Africa will develop its agriculture in full freedom and self-determination, while the distribution of its-mutual- ly developed-natural resources to "Factory Europe" will offer a secure basis. That such a "natural symbiosis" between Europe and Africa simultaneously represents the best, in fact, the only bulwark against the infiltration of Communism in Africa, is just as certain as the fact, that the cultural self-development of the African peoples will be secured through their own develop- ment of the economy! Nothing would be more ominous for Africa than the proletarianization of its masses enforced by big finance: the slums of Johannesburg, created by the Roths- childs, Rhodes and Oppenheimers and painfully being il- luminated by the Boer government, bear witness to this. Wall Street's grab of Africa is just as much of a threat to Europe as it is to Africa-and, in the final analysis, against the American people themselves ! The exploitation of human beings through Financial Imperialism is more throt- tling and worse than that experienced through old-style power imperialism-and the solution is solidary cooperation of the free peoples-in this case: the free peoples of Europe and Africa! "YOU SAY YOU HAVE THIS IMPRESSION THAT YOU KEEP SMELLING OIL?" Herblock, Courtesy, Washington Post Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Dr. Johann ton Leers and the Ex-Mufti All-out support for Egypt is proclaimed in the German Nazi journal still published in Buenos Aires, Der ll"eg. Whatever may be thought of Colonel Nasser's action in na- tionalising the Suez Canal, he was right, says an article in the September 1956 issue, and all blame must lie with "the hare-brained policies of some Western Powers." (Pleasure is expressed at the fact that "step by step the imperialist powers are being deprived of what they once grabbed and through generations exploited.") Conveying their "sincere wishes" to the Arabs in their "faithful struggle," the German Nazis in Argentina affirm the "inconquerable hope" that this new rebellion will catch on among our own people." It will be remembered that already last year (see this Bul- letin, September-December 1955) one of the ll"eg's most prominent contributors, Dr. Johann von Leers, now in the employ of Colonel Nasser's foreign propaganda services in Cairo welcomed the Arabs' "struggle for independence" on the ground that "anything calculated to destroy the Democratic-Communist world tyranny forced upon us in 1945 is a clarion call of freedom to us Germans." lie was pleased to think that "the idea behind the rising of Arab nationalism" was "to prepare for the approaching struggle against the oppressor Powers." "Jewish Bolshevism" Presumably he does not now include among the oppressor Powers Soviet Russia. But it is interesting to recall how, true to the doctrine of "Mein Kampf," he used to denounce "Jewish Bolshevism" whenever Hitler prepared for fresh aggression. One wonders what he thinks now of Cairo as he wrote in 1938 about Prague: "That place has really be- come a branch office of Moscow, just as Moscow is a branch office of Wdrld Jewry. It is often by no means easy to dis- tinguish where Czech propaganda ends and Bolshevist pro- paganda begins. They shade off into one another, working hand in hand." (Hakenkreuz-Banner, Mannheim, 23-9-38). Leers probably owes his present employment in Cairo to the good offices of the ex-Mufti who keeps in close contact with Der (Veg. In the January 1953 issue he had compli- mented Leers on his "very important work in favour of the traditional friendship between the German and Arab Nation." Now (August 1956) he compliments Der lVeg on having '"always championed the Arabs' righteous cause against the powers of darkness embodied in World Jewry." In the course of an interview with him, printed in the same issue, the ex-Mufti is stated to have denounced "the support given to the Zionists by the Christian churches in some European countries, especially Germany." "Are they go- ing to call for a crusade against Islam?", he blandly asked. The interviewer remarks: "The new anti-Islam tendency, especially among Protestant theologians, is well known and being carefully and suspiciously watched. We clearly see the parallels between German nationalism and the Arab struggle for freedom, both nations writhing under the same imperial- ist oppression," etc. "The Old Paganism" Der tr'eg recently celebrated its tenth anniversary. In a leading article, No. 7-8, August 1956, the editor, Eberhard Fritsch, explains how he had always hoped to keep alive the "fire" of Nazi "truculence." If he were to sum up what it was that caused people to read his journal, he would say, he writes, "it is the old paganism that was aroused in them." A characteristic representative of that paganism is Dr. J. von Leers. In his anniversary contribution, on "The New 't.Xrorld Age," he forecasts the end of the Christian era, as he had already done in a booklet 22 years ago ("Der Kar- dinal and die Germanen"). He thinks that "it will soon be impossible for people performing miracles with hypnotism, spiritual healing, telepathy and occultism, to be fobbed off with the tribal god Jehovah and to force their new piety into old bottles." A reference to the "dying faiths" which, through their "neglect," had caused "the reactions of National Socialism and Bolshevism," is also contained in a long Open Letter to the Editor by Hans Grimm, the author, who rehashes most of his sanctimonious tricks of white-washing Nazism. The German people's "will to live and to assert itself," he writes, had "to a terrifying degree been reduced by the much in- voked repentance." In its devout effort to defend the Nazis cause, Der Weg does not mind representing Hitler who had always boasted of his infallibility, as a fool who was deceived by "thieves within the house ..." An interview with Leon Degrelle, the Belgian quisling, is printed, on the occasion of his 50th birthday, in the journal of the "Belgian Social Movement," Courrier du Continent, July 1956,.. . The September 1956 issue of Der WY'eg, Buenos Aires, which reprints this from the Belgian paper, also carries a leading article by Sir Oswald Mosley, the British Fascist Chief. Contact in the U. S. A. The Il-eg publishing firm, Durer Verlag, has a "United Nations Correspondent" in New York. He is H. Keith Thompson, describing himself as a "journalist and public relations counsel," who was mentioned as a joint director of "Le Blanc Publications" in the it"iener Library Bulletin, No. 1-2, 1956. On October 1, 1956, he sent a telegram to Ad- miral Doenitz to mark "the occasion of his release from 11 years of illegal confinement by the 'Allies' for 'war crimes'." In this telegram, Thompson referred to the "despicable Nuremberg proceedings brought about by the criminal co- guilt of the U. S. A. and world Jewry." An appeal in October to the American News Company to discontinue distribution in the United States of Der Weg remained unanswered. In letters to Mr. Henry Garfinkel, President of the American News Company, the American Jewish Congress described Der Weg as a "mouthpiece of present-day Hitlerism."(Condensed, Courtesy, The Wiener Library) Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R0004004800.17-1 Jwn ltlaA-L'Azdnu nn Wm .and Ow" The following quotations have very exceptional meaning, coming as they do from two national heroes: the French victor of the two decisive Marne battles of World War I, Marshal Foch, a deeply devout Catholic, and Field Marshal Hindenburg, the van- quished general in this campaign, whose insolent words reveal all of the unchanged mentality of Prussianism. Because the "spirit" of Hindenburg continues .as part of the "equipment" of the German officer, his words assume added importance in the face of German rearma- ment. Die Oesterreiehische Nation. Marshal FocH (on the centenary of Napoleon's death, 1921): "Napoleon had to fall, because he forgot that no man is God, that the nation is above the individual, that morals stand above the man, and that peace is enthroned above war." HINDENBURG (in an interview with U. S. Captain Mac- Mahon, May 15, 1923) : "We will take revenge, even if it will take 100 years, for history repeats itself, and what I want more than anything in this world, is, that I myself can take up arms against France." FocH: "As if our nation could live on glory instead of by work! As if in a decent world the moral concept would not prevail over power, depending solely upon force, no matter how ingenious!" HINDENBURG: "War cannot be conducted with sentimentalism. The more bitter a war is conducted, the more humane it is in reality. War agrees with me like a rest cure at a spa. "A pattern of peril develops in British policy towards Germany. "First the Government agrees to rearming the, Germans. And now Mr. Macmillan assures them that Britain also supports their ambition to re- unite with Eastern Germany. "He tells them: `We shall do everything we can to help you.' "Britain should do nothing at all to further this dangerous German ambition. "it is bad enough that Britain should ever have been led into accepting German rearma- ment. But this new commitment is even worse. "For what is the danger? That one day the Germans will use their new guns to fight for their old lands. And then Britain will be dragged in to help rescue these allies of hers from the Russians. "There is only one safe policy for Britain to adopt towards the Germans. No reunification. No rearmament. No commitments at all." (Daily Express, London, 5-9-57) FocH: "It is the absolute duty of all, a duty higher than the command of victorious armies: to serve the people for its happiness, just as the people believe in itself; to help justice attain the upper hand. For, above war, there is peace." HINDENBURG (addressing the "Stahihelm" in Gross- Schwuelper) : "You are young people and you have played the Trium- phal Entry of Paris march very well for me. But I hope, that you will play this march at some time in the future, where it belongs, at the right place, where I have already been in 1870." FocH ("Soldatenworte) : "The wisest man will err, if, in questions of decisions affecting humanity, he depends only upon his own views and insight and distances himself from the moral law of society, which is founded upon respect for the individual and the principles of liberty, equality and fraternity, the basis of our culture, as it was conceived by Christianity." "Of course, there's no such thing as the Ger- man Riviera, But with an apt sardonic turn` of phrase, the French today call their Cote d'Azur by another name-Cote d'Allemagne, or the German coast. "For the Germans, who are collectively and individually the richest people in Europe, have this summer almost replaced the Americans as the No. 1 tourists here. . "The recent headlines show the power that Germany commands and which gives their tourists today a special ascendacy-" `Dulles to Work With Adenauer On Arms Plans.... U. S. to Seek Bonn's View Before Making Any Accord With Russia on Europe. . . . Germans to Be Consulted by U. S . . . . Atomic Arms for U. S. Forces in Germany. . . . Krupp to Enter Atom Field...." "But what one wonders most objectively of all is: Where do all the Germans come from? In the past year, one has seen them in multi- tudes in Cairo, in Lebanon, Syria, even in Iran and Iraq. Passing through Germany last week, they seemed to be more numerous than ever before in the Fatherland. The roads through France are jammed with them.... (Bill Richardson, N. Y. Post, 6-23-57) Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 It seems that modern dictatorships, by their very nature, thrive at the expense of their strongest supporters. Both Hitler and Stalin turned their friends and allics--domestic and foreign-into obedient satellites. When this was achieved, they liquidated the leaders who had helped them, and replaced them with their own henchmen. Those who remember the pre- war Hitler and Stalin period, will also recall how these dic- tators cooperated with the various kings of the Balkan coun- tries only to undermine their positions and oust them at the opportune moment. The "Expendables" Egypt's "strong man," Gamal Abdul Nasser, is filled with the same "gratitude" toward the Arab Kings. They are pawns -his "expendables." Yet, Nasser would have never reached the position he now enjoys, without the concrete help and financial support of the Arab Kings. If the Kings ignored the fate which befell a number of European rulers, one would expect them to sit up and take notice when one of "their own," former King Farouk, was sacked by the Egyptian dictator. However, this did not happen. Instead, they heaped praise on the "bright young man." There appeared to be no doubt in their minds that Nasser's sole ambition was to revive the ancient glories of Islam. After all, it was he who outlined the grand design which made such a marked impression on the Kings. "When I consider the 80 million Muslims in Indonesia, and the 50 million in China, and the millions in Malaya, Siam and Burnia, and the nearly 100 million in Pakistan, and the more than 100 million in the Middle East, and the 50 million in the Soviet Union, together with the other mil- lions in far-flung parts of the world--when I consider these hundreds of millions united by a single creed, I emerge with a sense of the tremendous possibilities which we might realize through the cooperation of all these Muslims, a cooperation going not beyond the bounds of their natural loyalty to their own countries, but nonetheless enabling them and their brothers in faith to wield power wisely and without limits." (Egypt's Liberation by Premier Gamal Abdul Nasser, Public Affairs Press, Washington, D. C., page 113.) Whatever aspirations the Arab Kings may have had with regard to this project, it goes without saying that Nasser had no intentions of taking a back seat. Possessed with the "Fuehrer complex," he wrote: "And now I go back to that wandering mission in search of a hero to play it. Here is the role. Here are the lines, and here is the stage. We alone, by virtue of our place, can perform the role" (ibid., page 114). In Nasser's self-appointed role "supporting actors" are super- fluous. This holds especially true for the Kings who are logically regarded by Nasser as a barrier to his insatiable ambitions. Discussing one of the chief elements with allegedly pre- vented the Arabs from destroying Israel in 1947-48, Nasser writes, ". . . then, each in its own internal affairs encountered the same factors, the same ruling forces that had brought about their defeat, and forced them to bow their heads in humilia- tion and shame" (page 95). Therefore, it is clear beyond the shadow of a doubt, that the Arab Kings are regarded by Nasser as an intolerable stum- bling block. It is they who must submit completely to his will. But submission is only a temporary respite. They will live on his sufferance until the day that he prepares his assassins for the coup de grace. Former French Premier Mollet referred to Nasser's book as the new "hilein Kampf" wherein an oriental Hitler lays bare his boldest dreams. The French statesman was not playing on words. Nasser's book shows all the earmarks of German geopolitical theory and even terminology. Nasser writes about the allegedly outdated concept of political boundaries and national states (page 84) and stresses the need for "living space" (page 85). In developing his thesis he delineates the three "circles": Arab, Islamic and African. Nasser tells us that they are tangent to each other through the center which is Egypt. To hold the three "circles" firmly and to wield them as a gigantic geopolitical unit which can, if it wills, strangulate the world, is Egypts holy mission "since no one else is qualified to play it" (page 88.). Kizig Hussein vs. Nasser The crisis that shook Jordan in the Spring of this year has its roots in Nasser's dreams. Like Hitler, the Egyptian dictator operates according to plan. When Hitler marched into the Rhineland, some people thought that this was merely the act of a German patriot asserting "the God-given rights" of his people. If those trusting souls had seriously studied "Mein Kampf" they would have recognized that Hitler's move was but a preparatory step toward wider pickings. Nasser's seizure of Suez was also praised by many people as the expression of a legitimate national aspiration. A care- ful examination of Nasser's writings shows that the grab was not the work of an Egyptian patriot but the initial thrust of a man who desires nothing less than to be the lord and master of the whole Islamic world and its resources. It was a move to prepare the groundwork for the Jordan "An- schluss" with Syria and Egypt--the nucleus for the Arab "circle." That Nasser and his strategists were working day and night toward this goal was hardly a secret. Yet, the king of Jordan, entranced by the thought of becoming a "big" king, seemed oblivious to the facts of life. Nasser had carefully prepared the attack. The govern- mental apparatus in Jordan was honeycombed with his agents and stooges. However, it seems that the rather crude methods of Nasser began to tell on the king, Toward the beginning of the crisis Hussein found his tongue. Ile warned his then Prime Minister Suleiman Nabulsi that the Communist danger had grown. There were individuals, he declared, "who feign loyalty to Arab nationalism, indulge in hullabaloo, prevarica- tion, falsehood and heroics, thereby seeking to conceal their evil designs against Arab nationalism and the fact that they cooperate with our enemies in misleading the masses and exploiting the people." For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-013158000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Nabulsi contemptuously ignored Hussein for he knew that the King had become more and more isolated since the British had been ousted in March 1956. At that time Hussein was hailed as a great patriot. Actually, the riots and demon- strations resulting in the removal of the British General Glubb as the Chief of the Arab Legion, had been engineered by Egyptian agents together with an assortment of pro- Communists and Nasserites who had infiltrated Jordan's government. Hussein's difficulties were compounded by the fact that by losing the British subsidy of 30 million pounds annually, he had placed himself at the mercy of Nasser who had solemnly pledged that Egypt, Syria and Saudi Arabia would make up a great part of the deficit. While the noose around Hussein's neck was drawn more tightly, Prime Minister Nabulsi, an ardent devotee to the Nasser cause, was already speaking of the end of Jordan. On one occasion he proclaimed flatly, "Jordan's destiny is to disappear." Another time he said, "Jordan cannot live alone. Our intentions were from the beginning to work for Arab unity. The first step is a sort of federation and the first phase of federation is to have it between Syria and Jordan . . . Practical negotiations are now making progress . . . There is no longer any doubt that federation is coming." Nabulsi's words were translated into the demonstrations and riots in April which threatened to overthrow King Hussein. The London Economist (4-27-57) reported how the rioters carried the flags of Jordan, Syria and Egypt. Nasser's picture was most prominent. The main slogan of the mobs was, "Federal Union With Syria and Egypt!" It was these initial demonstrations which broke Nasser's spell over Hus- sein. By the end of April the King, with great courage smashed the, conspiracy and the Nasserites fled or were im- prisoned. Provocation Through Propaganda At the beginning of the crisis Nasser was confident of success. Although he regarded Hussein as "an emotional, irresponsible playboy" (New York Times, 4-28-57), he was sure that his loyal followers in Jordan would keep the King in line. Egyptian propaganda reflected the carefulness with which Nasser played his cards during those dramatic days. On April 18, 1957, the Cairo radio reported a commentary from the Syrian newspaper Barada: "The battle is now tense in Jordan between the forces of imperialism and reaction and the forces of patriotism, and the Jordanian people who are renowned for their gallantry and strength in defense." The radio also referred to another Syrian newspaper, An-Nasr which said that Hussein should seek the advice of his Arab "friends," i.e., King Saud and Presidents Al-Quwwatli (Syria) and Nasser. The paper declared that they were the true "trustees" of Jordan and that they were dedicated to helping Hussein achieve complete freedom. "We do not be- lieve that King Hussein's opinion is different from that of the three leaders or that his means are different from ours." Nasser's propagandists were trying to give Hussein the benefit of the doubt. With a condescending air they por- trayed him as the innocent victim of an "alien imperialistic conspiracy." The Cairo radio (4-22-57) pretended to weep over Hussein's plight and charged that the ousting of Nabulsi and a couple of pro-Nasser generals was really the work of the "imperialists." Yet, even in this broadcast there was al- ready a faint hint that perhaps Hussein himself was no longer willing to toe the mark: "Is it possible by these torturous means, devoid of honor, sincerely, straightforwardness and respect for the will of the people, to succeed or divert a people from their aims and objectives?" Hussein's name was not mentioned but this ominous warning was made: "Those who planned the plot, who participated in it, and those who supported it, will relent sooner than they imagine ..." Thus, Nasser's propagandists shifted to a bolder line as it became apparent that Hussein was "getting out of hand." On April 23, the Egyptian radio denounced what it called the "conspiracy against Jordan." It named the "heroes" of Jordan's independence, i.e., Generals Nuwwar, Huyari and former Prime Minister Nabulsi. Since it was the King who had eliminated this trio from positions of power, the Egyp- tian propaganda guns were inevitably shifting their sights on the King himself. This was the meaning of the Egyptian radio broadcast on the following day which termed the strife in Jordan "the struggle of Arabdom." The broadcaster af- firmed that the "Arab nation" was in the midst of the battle in Jordan and that Jordan "will triumph in the same way the Arab nation has triumphed." As the plot against Hussein unfolded with all its ramifi- cations, the King finally took to the radio on April 25, 1957. Though he castigated Israel he also leveled a sharp attack against his Egyptian "friends": "I had to believe that the slightest duties of cordiality and gratitude would have re- quired our brethren in Egypt to cease at least inciting the people through the press and radio by attacking .my person- I who had sworn my blood for the sake of dear Egypt at the time of its catastrophe-and to cease fabricating statements and falsifying utterances in an attempt to plot out the con- SEEING THINGS Cartoon by Marcus, Courtesy, N. Y. Times Approved For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 spiracy against the throne-the plot which is being investi- gated by a reliable group headed by a higher ministerial com- mittee, the plot which is confirmed and upheld by the fleeing of certain conspiring officers for fear of being uncovered. "I was patient for a long time regarding the mistakes of these Egyptian tongues and pens which attacked and defamed us, which attempted to incite certain of our people against us and destroy the true situation in our country and which re- leased lies, rumors, and propaganda. We were patient and will remains patient, suppressing rage and forgiving (them?) in fulfillment of our promise to Egypt and in maintaining our solidarity, fraternity, Arabdoni, and unity. We had hoped that this misleading propaganda would not flare up. spread, and become brutal in a way which has become difficult for our Arab dignity and prestige, and our national heritage to tolerate injustice and wrong." On April 27, the Egyptian radio toned down--apparently stung by Hussein's accusations. Once again Cairo pretended to shed tears about the dangers to Jordan's independence and security. "0 Arabs," an Egyptian radio commentator de- clared. "Who is Jordan? Jordan is your country and mine. Jordan is our country, my brother. Jordan is the country of all the Arabs. The independence of Jordan is my independ- ence and yours, my brother. The independence of Jordan is our independence; it is the independence of all Arabs. The security of Jordan is your security and mine, my brother. The security of Jordan is the security of all the Arabi." The "new" approach emphasized that Egypt had not been interfering in Jordan but was only naturally solicitous for her welfare. "We of the Voice of the Arabs," the Cairo radio said, "have no right to speak in the name of Jordan. Jordan has its own nationalism ..." In this connection it will be recalled that on April 18, the Egyptian radio had named Nasser as one of the trustees of Jordan's fate, but Hussein's surprising show of defiance obliged the Egyptian propagandists to disclaim any thought of intervention. However, the change was of short duration for on May 4, the Cairo radio once again began to employ threats and innuendoes: "Those who concocted the Jordanian plot did not take into consideration the fact that the day will come when the plotters will be disgraced, when everything will be exposed before the eyes of world public opinion, and when the mask will he taken off the faces of those who plotted and committed crimes without heeding the lessons of his- tory. Truth can never be suppressed, and crime will never pay." The following day (5-5-57) the Cairo radio sought to discredit Hussein's policies: "The Jordanien budget, which the present government will submit, cannot be described as a budget of an Arab state proceeding in the caravan of libera- tion. It is a novel budget, the main item of which is Ameri- can aid given to this Arab country as a reward for those who hatched the imperialist plot and for the bold measures they took against the free and struggling people." On May 8, it became clear even to Egyptians that the King was winning out. The Cairo radio was incensed and railed against "the imperialists and their stooges." As if it were warning Hussein directly, the radio quoted Nasser: "We shall antagonize those who antagonize its and we shall be peaceful to those who are peaceful to us." The Egyptian Home Service, broadcasting on May 10, de- plored that Jordan "by virtue of the plots of imperialism and its lackeys has been transformed into a state about which the imperialists deem it their right to speak with malice ..." It charged that Jordan's status had changed "after it permitted the sup porters of reaction and imperialism to raise their hands and stand in the way of the people's will." The broad- cast concluded with the warning that the "people" would yet emerge victorious "for the sake of the whole liberated Arab world." Exposing Nasser However, by this time the Jordanian propaganda machine had largely outgrown its fears and inhibitions and struck back. It noted that at one time the Egyptians would praise Arab leaders when they did the bidding of Cairo and would denounce them when they strayed from Nasser's camp. The broadcast referred to the stand taken by the Egyptian press on the crisis in Jordan. It charged that the Egyptian papers relied on information of traitors to Jordan and accused Egypt of having lied about the true conditions obtaining in the capital of Jordan. The broadcast noted that when General Hyari first accepted the post Chief of Staff under Hussein, the Egyptian press smeared him as an "imperialist stooge." On the other hand, when he fled to Damascus the same paper praised him. The Jordanian radio commentator, understating the case, noted that this kind of propaganda based on false reports and provocation, "harms relations between Egypt and the other Arab states." In conclusion the commentator said: "We re- quest that the Egyptian Government and the Ministry of Guidance in Egypt reimpose supervision of the Egyptian press and the Voice of the Arabs broadcast so as to avoid in the future any misunderstanding between sister Egypt and any other Arab state." As was to be expected Cairo, by this time, arrogantly ignored Jordan's rather mild protest of in- terference. _KID ROW Courtesy, N. Y. Herald Tribune Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 This forced Hussein's hand and on May 11, the Jordanian newspaper Al'Urdan broke wide open the conspiracy hatched by Nasser and his cohorts. It was a plot, the newspaper de- clared, which not only involved the overthrow , of King Hussein but also the thrones of the kingdoms of Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Libya. The newspaper named names of key Egyptian agents and also revealed the identity of certain representa- tives from the various Soviet embassies in the Middle East. The people of Jordan were told the pertinent facts concern- ing the nefarious role of Egyptian representatives in Jordan. King Hussein was their target and one of the leading organ- izers of the plot against the King was the Egyptian Military Attache Fuad Hilal. Together with the Egyptian Consul Gen- eral in Jerusalem he was expelled from Jordan. The expul- sion deepened the rift between Jordan and Egypt and showed that the King had become disenchanted with Nasser's Pan- Arabic schemes. In recounting the "zigs and zags" of the Egyptian propa- ganda line during the crisis, one thing becomes clear, i.e., Nasser strove with all his might to control the events in that country so that his, dream of absorbing Jordan would be fully realized. It was a cat and mouse game-first pretending to be concerned about Hussein's difficulties-pretending that Egypt had no desire . to interfere but on the contrary wished Hussein well. When Hussein sought to clean out the nest of Nasserites the Cairo radio began to squeal like a stuck prig, yet even then direct attacks against the King were avoided. However, the logic of events in Jordan could no longer con- tain the feeling of outrage which grew in the breasts of Nasser and his co-conspirators. They threatened Hussein and even now seek in every possible way to turn his people against him. The Jordan story has had a profound effect on recent de- velopments in the Middle East. Like a flash of lightning it cleared up the heavy atmosphere of confusion and illusion made, impenetrable by the cunning propaganda and bold ac- tivities of Nasser and his henchmen. King Saud vs. Nasser The crisis in Jordan would have never reached such grave dimensions, had it not been for the fact that Nasser not only received help from the minions of Moscow but also from King Saud of Saudi Arabia. Saud, too, had sat at the feet of the "bright young man" from Cairo. Nasser fascinated him and undoubtedly the King dreamt about the day when, the whole Moslem world would lay prostrate before his throne. It was therefore relatively easy for King Saud to provide millions of dollars for the terrorists and propagandists who flooded the Arab world under the direction of Nasser and his Nazi advisers. It was Saud's money received from the royal- ties paid by American oil companies, that subsidized the activities of Nasser's men in Jordan. Events in Jordan shocked King Saud and the confidence which he reposed in Nasser, began to wane. Indeed, it has been reported that after Nasser blocked the Suez Canal there- by cutting off much of Saudi Arabia's oil revenues, the King began to wonder where Nasser's program would lead to. King Saud received his answer in relative short order. Ac- cording to reliable reports, the King discovered that the Egyptian Military Attache in his capital had organized and financed a terrorist band whose ultimate target was the King himself. Saud's security police arrested the plotters who were armed with guns, grenades and explosives. The men admitted planning the King's assassination and implicated Col. Ali Khashaba, Egypt's Military Attache. According to Time Magazine (5-13-57), the King was outraged and expelled a number of Egyptians and ex-Palestinians. "He then backed Hussein to the limit." Nasser was dumbstruck. The idea that he might lose Saud's subsidies made him desperate. According to Joseph Alsop (New York Herald Tribune, 5-6-57), top Nasser represen- tatives sought out King Saud in the very shadow of the sacred Kaaba in Mecca. One Egyptian member of the dele- gation swore that Nasser was innocent as a newborn babe ! Nasser did not deny that the plot existed but disavowed personal responsibility ! By this time even Saud seems to have reached the point of understanding that he might suffer the fate of other leaders, including King Michael of Rumania and Jan Mazeryck of Checkoslovakia. Reports in the press now tell us that Saud has definite second thoughts with re- spect to Nasser's dream world. Saud who financed Nasser in Jordan hoping that he would be richly rewarded for the money; Saud who had helped Nasser in spreading terror throughout the Middle East; Saud who paid for the riots against the King of Iraq, was sobering up at last. Nasser. Reaches for Iraq The Government of Jordan had accused Nasser of fo- menting rebellion against other thrones in the Middle East. These facts have been published in the West last year. The Cartoon by Marcus, Courtesy, N. Y. Times Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-013158000400480017-1 noted British correspondent Sefton Delmer reported to the London Daily Express (1-23-56) that the King of Iraq had proceeded to purge his army, having learned that Nasser had infiltrated "the officer corps with the aini of overthrowing Iraq's anti-Soviet Premier Nuri, forcing the abdication of the King and establishing the same kind of military dictatorship in Iraq as in Egypt." As in Jordan and Saudi Arabia the Egyptians worked through their military attache. Col. Mahmoud Gamel Al Hinawi, Cairo's Military Attache in Baghdad, was respon- sible for the operation. Only the quick and resolute action of the Iraqui Government uncovered the plot which resulted in the arrest of Col. IIinawi's number one agent, the German trained Egyptian Commando Officer Cpt. Mohamed Ali Issa. Commenting on the plot, Delmer wrote: "Yes, it is a strange world when ultra-rich princes of Saudi-Arabia distribute dol- lars they have received from American oil companies to Com- munist agents in order that the Communists may spread chaos and anarchy in the neighbour country." Underittining Libya The King of Libya has also found his friend Nasser a bit difficult. Nasser's agents are omnipresent in Libya-as they are in other countries of that area. The London Economist (4-13-57) noted that many of the townspeople in Libya and especially the youth "feel the attraction of the Pan-Arab ideas and methods of which Col. Nasser has made himself the exponent." Nasser, of course, has fully exploited these Pan-Arab sen- timents and his agents have distributed tons of propaganda material throughout the country. The propaganda has been markedly effective to the extent that "humble Cyrenaican parents can be seen urging their children to lisp the name of Gamal Abdul Nasser as they gaze at portraits of the Egyptian leader in the windows." Nevertheless, King Idris has also be- come uneasy. The Egyptian military attache in that country, Ishmail Sadek, organized a so-called "Front For The Struggle Of The Libyan People." Ignoring the fact that he was but a guest of Libya, he publicly accused the Government of King Idris of being "the servant of imperialism." He backed up his charge by smuggling in at least 28 cases of automatic arms which were hidden in the Egyptian Embassy for future distribution at the appropriate time. The activities of Sadek impelled King Idris to take a stand. The Government sent him out of the country along with a number of "teachers" supplied by the Egyptian Government to instruct young Libyans. Nasser Is "Pro-Nasser" Perhaps some people who like to indulge in historical anal- ogies might want to depict Nasser as Egypt's Thomas Jeffer- son resolutely opposed to monarchy. However, such compa- risons are preposterous and misleading. It is a known fact, for example, that Moscow, too, has disposed of kings but who would want to compare Stalin with Thomas Jefferson? "Pro- republicanism has no part in Nasser's philosophy. The Leban- ese Government which is a genuine republic, can testify to that. The Egyptian dictator, under the guise of fighting "im- perialism," has been busily at work trying to undermine Lebanon and its republican institutions. The Lebanese Government has already exposed this con- spiracy hatched by the Egyptian Ambassador Abdel Hamid Chalib. The Ambassador has had large funds at his disposal to interfere in the political life of Lebanon. Joseph Alsop, reporting in the New York Herald Tribune (5-20 and 5-22- 57), states that the Egyptian Embassy in Beirut is the chief political headquarter for the pro-Egyptian forces. These ele- ments have tried to create turmoil and civil war during the recent elections, but the Lebanese leaders who apparently have been wise to Nasser's designs for a much longer time than the Arab kings, have successfully smashed the plot. The "Education" Angle Nasser's drive to subvert the regimes of the Arab kings not only involves terror, assassination and civil war, it also in- cludes a carefully laid out program to win over Arab youth. The London Economist (4-27-57) devoted an informative article on this subject under the title "Egypt's Empire-Build- ers," Realizing the growing urge on the part of the Arab youth to gain literacy and taking advantage of the fact that in most Arab countries there are few native born teachers who are equipped to meet the educational needs of the peo- ple, Nasser has developed a corps of teachers throughout the Arab world. While the standard and quality of Egyptian pedagogy may be inferior to that of western standards, it is still high by the standards of the Middle East. "In each oil- bearing country, therefore, the protagonist of a 'greater Arab nation' under Egyptian management has an instrument ready to band-the schoolmaster for the new school, not to men- tion the inspector for the schools systems as a whole." Even in the tiny sheikdom of Kuwait the number of Egyptian teachers is more than double that of native teachers. While not all of the Egyptian teachers in the various Arab countries are pro-Nasser, the London Economist notes that everywhere they are interspersed "with members of Egypt's Cultural Mission-men and women glib with patter from NASSER'S NETWORK "Nasser is rapidly building up a new spy-network in Arab countries in place of his badly discredited military attaches-expelled from five Arab countries during the last 15 months for espionage and sabotage. "Most advanced is his reorganization in Libya-area holding best British and U. S. air bases in North Africa. "Here the new spy chief is Tewfik Shallabi, ostensi- bly a modest embassy archivist. " (His predecessor, Colonel Sadek, the military at- tache, was expelled in November.) "Shallabi's deputy is an Egyptian brigadier named Muhamad Tabei, But Tabei is in mufti, listed as a consul. "The Egyptians have at their service a platoon of Libyan agents indoctrinated in Egypt. "Shallabi and Tabei have ample funds and they are using them lavishly. Three new Egyptian clubs have been opened to replace the one closed by the Libyans. "Newspapers and journalists are being bought to print anti-Western, propaganda. "A special effort is being made to buy leading trade unionists so that control of Libya's trades unions may pass into Egyptian and Soviet control. "My information is that they are proving successful" (Sefton Delmer. Daily Express, London, 6-13-57) ease 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-013158000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Cairo's Ministry of National Guidance and capable ('like the one rotten mano in a basket,' as an Iraqui put it) of in- jecting into a whole school the tincture of disloyalty to the local ruler or government." From time to time some of these teachers are dismissed for becoming too enthusiastic over Nasser and for paying little heed to their duties as teachers. As noted in the case of Libya, a number of the 600 Egyptian teachers in that country were deported. The same holds true for Iraq where groups of teachers have been dismissed al- though there are still about 500 of them in the country. The Economist observes that even when. the more ardent Nasserites among the teachers are removed, there are still jobs in other Middle East countries. "A point that at once strikes anyone who scrutinizes the efficient work they are doing, is their proprietary behavior. 'We are doing this and that. We intend to run a university here.' Who is we? Egypt's greater Arab nation, not the Kuwaitis." Wherever they go, these Egyptian teachers who are subsidized by Cairo, faithfully spread the gospel preached by the "bright young man." Hitler saw the value of this kind of operation and succeeded in establishing powerful fifth columns in many countries abroad as an adjunct to his military plans. The amazing influence that Nasser's teachers exert through- out the Arabic world, prompts the Economist to ask the "$64,000 question": "How far is a ruler such as King Saud, or the Sheikh of Kuwait, aware of - the anomaly whereby he is paying Egyptians to teach the next generation of his sub- jects that thrones and hereditary rule are out of date, that AMONG NASSER'S ELITE "For the Just-So-We-Know-Where-We-Stand- Dep't.: Back in 1938, when the Hitter hordes putched their way into Austria, a Dr. Herman Neubacher, engineer and high-ranking S.S. official, was named Mayor of Vienna. He was well remembered by the populace for having had a hand in the assassination of the nation's beloved President Dollfuss. In '45 Neubacher was sentenced by the Tito government of Yugo- slavia to twenty years as a war criminal-and released after 5 years. What is Neubacher's current assignment? He's one of the most trusted advisers of Dictator Nasser of Egypt..." (Hy Gardner, N. Y. Herald Tribune, 3-12-57) WHAT HE WANTS A few months of Nasser's bluster and plotting have done more to destroy his prestige than years of delicate diplomacy. "For he has revealed to the Arab lands which he aspired to lead that he has nothing to offer them. On the contrary, it is he who wants some- thing from them-their oil and their inde- pendence ... the western race that has created the wealth that produces superb classrooms and self-wiping blackboards, is fit only to be booed, and that a role of importance for the Arabs hangs on creating a greater Arab nation run in subservience to Cairo?" To what extent the question can be answered, only the future will tell. If the rate of present developments con- tinues, the kings may have to give their answer sooner than they expect. "To the Bitter End" Nasser's role in Jordan has helped to dispel many illu- sions. The kings are no longer as comfortable as they were when Nasser first came to them. His initial failure in Jordan was in no small part due to the support that Hussein received from the Kings of Saudi Arabia and Iraq. This cold fact must have made a profound impression on. the Egyptian dictator and may induce him to take more drastic measures. Will the Kings be prepared for the coming counter attack? Nasser's next move may be camouflaged by the smokescreen of a new drive on Israel. The "bright young man" has been adept in employing the bogey of Israel as a means of whip- ping recalcitrants back in line. Will the Kings dare to pene- trate the anti-Israel fog which has already led them to the brink of self-destruction? There is no doubt that the struggle between Nasser and the Arab Kings will continue to the bitter end. Nasser will never give up his dream to rule the Arab world and only the Kings stand in his way. If the Egyptian dictator is to suc- ceed, he must eliminate them. WHO CONTROLS THE SUEZ CANAL? Courtesy, New York Herald Tribune Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 "The Arab states don't want the refugees settled, for if they were they would lose their most precious propaganda piece against Israel. As Ralph Galloway, until recently head of United Nations relief in Jordan, has said, 'The Arab states do not want to solve the refugee problem. They want to keep it an open sore, as an affront to the United Nations and as a weapon against Israel. Arab leaders don't give a damn whether the refugees live or die.' "Recently, Henry Labouisse, director of U. N. R. W. A. declared that the Arab states have placed so many obstacles in the way of U. N. help for their own fellow-Arabs that it may be necessary soon to suspend such relief entirety. The Arab aim is to foster in the refugees the notion that return to their former homes is the only desideratum." (James A. Pike, N. Y. Times, 5-19-57) * * * The crack-up of the Arab alliance so proudly pro- claimed at Cairo only a few months ago provides convincing evidence that events in the Middle East are not turning out to Nasser's liking. Jordan and Saudi Arabia have rejected his brand of leadership as well as the Soviet influence that lies behind it. They have found that the United State: stands ready to offer help and support with no strings attached. "But even if Nasser's ambitions have been temporarily checked they have by no means been crushed. Indeed, the setbacks administered to them may well have the effect of pushing the Egyptians and Syrians into further dangerous adventures ..." (Editorial Excerpt, N. Y. Herald Tribune, 6-18-57) "... It must be clear, especially from the recent disclosures on the Aswan Dam, that Dulles regards Nasser not as a friend but as someone to be overcome and brought to terms. Dulles' defect is that he dare not will the direct means to achieve the end he desires. Caught between his religious heritage, his legal training, and his Machiavellian self-image, he must always seek the means that will square all three. "As a result he is always seeking policies that will enable him to be a legal expert, to pose as a great moral champion, and at the same time use the most cynical duplicity in the history of American foreign relations. If the results prove disastrous, as they have on the canal, he falls back on the belief that the judgment of history will prove him right .. . "My own theory about Dulles is that he is a vain man who has a glory-image of himself as a great adventurous diplomat, even when the truth is that most of his moves are confused and often contradictory ones, taken without any real pattern or any basic philosophy . . . "To be sure, some of his gambits-including the one on Nasser have proved disastrous blunders. The double-take on the Aswan Dam led by a fateful inevitability to the Suez war, which Dulles then tried to retrieve by betraying our allies and stripping both them and ourselves of bargaining power--which is where we are now .. . (Max Lerner, N. Y. Post, .1-3-57--4-21-57) "When United States aid was being pumped into Egypt Nasser planted the idea that Egypt might be anxious to join a western defense alliance if only the British would give up Suez first. And so, under pressure from the United States, the British got out of Suez and Nasser immediately nation- alized the canal. Now we are witnessing the results of a new rxistake in foreign policy. "For a long time Nasser was a darling to many of our diplomats and State Department officials even after he made his arms deal with the Soviet Union. And he still continues to get aid from us ..." (American Taxpayers Association, 1-57) * * * "It is time that we stopped being frightened by false stereotypes and propaganda cliches about the Arabs and the Middle East. The illusion of a united, all-powerful Arab world ready to act as one force in a holy war against the outsider has been shattered by the events since October 29. Words like colonialism, imperialism, and Arab nationalism have taken on an unwarranted power to frighten and in- timidate .. . "The policy of arming the Arab rulers which was begun by this administration is one of the major factors in the Middle East crisis and a contributory reason for the state in which we now find ourselves. This policy was responsible for stirring up the rivalry between Iraq and Egypt to a new high pitch and tempted Colonel Nasser to open the gates of the Middle East to the Soviet Union, thus giving the Kremlin the opportunity she had been seeking in vain for more than a century. The extent of Communist penetration of Egypt, the large numbers of so-called technicians, and the vast stores of Soviet-bloc arms that were built up in Egypt shocked the free -world when they were exposed by the Israeli sweep across the Sinai .. . (Cong. James Roosevelt, Congressional Record, 2-14-57) "Secretary Dulles has a painful propensity for toying with brinkmanship, but in our opinion he has reached the brink of another lower depth when he exposed himself as an apologist for King Saud's discrimination against American citizens of the Jewish faith. "Mr. Dulles has gained for himself the reputation of being not only a semantic contortionist, but an historic distortionist. Some months ago he tried to explain away Saudi Arabian discrimination against Jews with the wholly false rationaliza- tion that the Arab animosity against Jews derived from the fact that Jews had killed their Prophet Mohammed. Now he has come to Arab defense with the preposterous thesis that King Saud's continued discrimination against American Jews was partly motivated by the fact that he was discriminated against by New York City when it refused to give him an official reception on his recent visit to the United States. "Since Mr. Dulles did not quote the King as having said that, it must be assumed that the effort to equate New York City with Jews was the exclusive brainchild of our Secretary of State. Secondly, even a Secretary of State is expected to Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 know that Saudi Arabia's discriminatory policies against Americans of the Jewish faith antedate his visit to this country ...' "Mr. Dulles' whitewashing attempt will be rejected not only by the Jewish citizenry of the country, but by decent men of all faiths and colors ..." (Seven Arts Feature Syndicate, 5-2-57) . .. When this correspondent was in Cairo last summer, another reporter was thrown out of the country for writing that he had met Dr. Johann von Leers, a notorious Nazi propagandist during World War II, and identified him as the head of the Egyptian Government's anti-Israel propa- ganda work. The report persists, however, that von Leers is in Cairo as a propaganda consultant to the regime. "It is no secret that the regime has called upon Dr. Hjal- mar Schacht, one of Hitler's economic brains, for advice in that field. What is perhaps ironic, however, is that the method which the Communist bloc is using to penetrate Egypt-gaining the country's economic dependence by be- coming` almost the one and only market for its principal export commodities-strikingly similar to the methods em- ployed by Dr. Schacht to . bring Rumania into Hitler'~; camp (Arch Parsons, Jr., N. Y. Herald Tribune, 2-21-57) * * * "The greatest and most powerful weapon in world politics today, more powerful than even the H-Bomb, is ready to our hand. I mean the weapon of the appeal to genuine national- ism, as against the brand of Nasser and Khrushchev. "Yet it is almost wholly, and tragically, an unused weapon. If we fashioned our foreign policy by reason and logic and national interest we would use this unused weapon . . ." (Max Lerner, N. Y. Post, 4-15-57) * * * "The United States brought to bear the full weight of its power and influence to bring about the withdrawal of France and England from Egypt, even as it has now done to bring about Israeli withdrawal. "It cannot therefore evade the moral and political neces- sity to use the same power and influence, within and outside the United Nations, to make Nasser desist from blackmailing France, England and Israel. Washington, almost single- handedly, rescued Nasser from total military debacle. Short of sacrificing every shred of honor and prestige, it cannot accept a slap in the face as reward for that service .. . "Appeasement of Nasser now, in the light of United States and United Nations commitments to Israel-and by implication to France and Britain as well-could only bring nearer and perhaps make inevitable the crisis of war which it seeks to avoid." (A. N. Spaniel, Chairman, International Latex Corp., N. Y. Times, 3-21-57) * * * Israel, which got a legitimate start in life with U. S. doing the mid-wifery, is uniquely the one state in our day threatened with annihilation. "As proof of its intent, Egypt openly engaged in acts of war against Israel, such as blockading the Strait of Tiran. U. N. hardly more than yawned. "Is then the new rule for intervention, which U. N. seeks to enforce as a principle, that if a nation formally engages in war, after what it considers due provocation, it must be denied any remedy, any spoils, any possibility of corrective action? To accept that idea must say, in effect, that it is a respectable act to fight and die in self-defense but unpardon- able to disarm one's assailant. Absurd, of course, but not more absurd than to call Israel a lawbreaker ..." (S. L. A. Marshall, Detroit News, 3-3-57) * * * ... Like all movements that live by the appeal to hatred, this nationalism, which attracts so many young people and idealists, is none the less an inwardly ugly movement. It is capable of such, dark treachery as the bomb plot against King Saud of Saudi Arabia, organized by the Egyptian Mili- tary Attache. In propaganda and in organization, it employs every device in the Fascist book. It has now even produced, a Middle Eastern `La Prensa' case, in the form`of Nasser's recent seizure of 'El Ahram' which used to be the most re- spected independent newspaper printed in Arabic. "By hatred, this nationalism wins support. But it is also a betrayal of the masses to whom it beckons. For every practical Arab interest now calls for equal friendship with the West. Yet Nasser is moving more and more rapidly to- ward the kind of overt cold war with all the Western powers, including his recent rescuer, the United States, which will surely condemn the masses he leads to another generation of squalor and suffering ..." (Joseph Alsop, N. Y. Herald Tribune, 5-23-57) * * "The agreement between King Saud of Saudi Arabia and U.S. "OKAY - NOW SCRAM" Courtesy, Washington Post Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-013158000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 that 'the two governments will exert efforts to settle justly President Eisenhower, as published in a communique, pledges the problems of the Middle East by peaceful and legitimate means within the UN Charter' and that 'they assert their firm opposition to the use of force in any form as a means of settling international disputes.' "I hope that by this it will be understood that our friendly feeling extends to all of the countries of the Middle East, including Israel, and that we recognize the fact that economic sanctions are sometimes a form of force. These sanctions, as we know, have been threatened against Israel .. . "There can be no disagreement with the paragraph of the agreement that recognizes the independence of all peoples .. . If this part of the agreement applies to Israel as well as to all the Arab states, then a beginning has been made to- ward a good understanding. "I am not sure that the strengthening of the armed forces of any country in the Middle East has much value. I would much rather see an agreement reached between the Soviet Union and the U. S. against supplying military equipment to any country . . ." (Eleanor Roosevelt, N. Y. Post, 2-12-57) ... Secretary of State Dulles is technically correct when he claims no secret deals were made at the Bermuda Con- ference. Inside fact is, however, that President Eisenhower initialed nine secret memos spelling out general policy agree- ments. "Some memos actually were nothing but agreements to dis- agree .. . "Other memos dealt with the Middle East, guided missiles, atomic tests, British arms reductions, and German reunifica- tion. "Most interesting fact about the memos was that the British demanded they be written and initialed because they recalled how other agreements had been forgotten about or denied by Dulles. "They also remembered how Mrs. Meir, the Israeli foreign minister, had submitted her U. N. speech to Dulles in ad- vance and received his complete 0. K. only to have him renege on certain parts of it later ..." (Drew Pearson, Gazette & Daily, 4.4-57) * * * "The plain fact is that Nasser had his way, and those who don't like it had better get to work on ways and means of applying the screws to the Egyptian boss. That means, among other things, to build tankers and pipelines as substitutes for the Suez Canal. Then Nasser, with a shrunken treasury, might learn something." (Editorial Excerpt, New York Herald Tribune, 5-13-57) "Vice President Richard Nixon's highly publicized friend- ship tour of former Anglo-French African colonies has left a bitter after-taste here which may sour America's relations with its French ally long after Suez and Colonial Nasser have been forgotten . . . "A majority of Frenchmen have come firmly to believe that Washington's anti-colonial policy is nothing more than a cloak to hide the real goal of replacing European commercial and financial interests with American firms and American money _ . ." (Claudia Parker, Gazette and Daily, 4-10-57) * * * "... Meanwhile, there is one problem which cannot await a general settlement-the Arab refugees. This ever-growing Communist infection must be tackled in Jordan, where they number 500,000, if nowhere else. Four governments hold the key-America, Britain, Jordan and Israel. If Israel would take back 100,000 or sa----and Ben-Gurion gave me good grounds for hoping she would if Jordan would play her part -America and Britain should spare neither money nor effort to get Jordan to resettle the residue by promoting largescale irrigation schemes." (Anthony Nutting, N. Y. Herald Tribune, 5-24-57) * * * "It is surely a strange situation when the great powers of the West must rely on the doubtful reasonableness of the Egyptian dictator, rather than their own power, to get an acceptable settlement of the vital Suez Canal issue. The situation arose because blind folly on both sides permitted the Western Alliance to come apart at the seams . . ." (Stewart Alsop, N. Y, Herald Tribune, 3-25-57) . . . Britain's decision to permit its ships to use the Suez Canal was inevitable. Thanks to the United Nations the canal is open; thanks largely to the United States it is under Egyptian control. With Middle Eastern oil so vital London had little choice but to accept use of the canal on whatever terms it could get .. . "Beyond all these factors lie the basic discontent of the West over a situation which leaves the canal's future involved in inter-Arab rivalry and the Soviet effort to expand its in- fluence into the Middle East, What it all boils down to is that Nasser has won a big victory, The West has suffered another painful demonstration of the impossibility of reason- ing with an arrogant, power-thirsty dictator, Only force makes an impression on such people. And if power is lacking, or if the exercise thereof is impractical, then there is no use of continued prattling that the U. N. can somehow win through with high-sounding principles. .,.~,.. approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21 CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 i& aitab ow aqwo~ui gmmi By G. F. HUDSON In a public statement issued on March 15, after the arrival of Major-General Abdel Hassan Latif as Egyptian Gov- ernor in Gaza, the Israeli Foreign Min- istry declared: "For the Egyptian dictator there is apparently reserved a unique code of international law and conduct whereby, while waging a one-sided warfare against Israel, he is to be given the shelter of the United Nations." This sentence does not exaggerate the state of affairs which has arisen as a result of the application in the United Nations of a double standard of law for judging the actions of Israel and Egypt respectively. It is now a fact of history that the United Nations under the lead- ership of the United States and the Soviet Union, and with the active connivance of the Secretary-General, has shown ex- treme partiality and injustice in dealing with the Israeli-Egyptian conflict. It re- mains to seek an adequate explanation for this extraordinary episode and to consider what it implies for the future. There has never been an international crisis in which the facts have been so little in dispute. Nobody denies-least of all the Egyptians themselves-that Egypt claims to be in a state of war with Israel and therefore to exercise belligerent rights. Nobody denies that Egypt has for six years kept the Suez Canal closed to Israeli shipping in defiance of a resolu- tion of the Security Council, has forcibly kept Israeli shipping out of the Gulf of Aqaba, and has organized systematic raiding of Israeli territory by f edayeen bands. Nobody, in other words, denies that Egypt has been committing acts -of war against Israel ever since the conclu- sion of the 1949 armistice, which was supposed to lead to a negotiated peace settlement. Yet, as soon as Israel also exercises belligerent rights and commits acts of war against Egypt, virtually the whole world as organized in the United Nations (including not only the Arab and Mos- lem states, which were predisposed to side with Egypt, but also governments which might have been expected to ap- proach the issue impartially) agrees to treat Egypt as an innocent victim of aggression and order the Israeli forces to withdraw without exacting from a defeated Egypt any renunciation of bel- ligerency. It can, of course, be argued that mil- itary occupation of another country's ter- ritory is so different from blockade and guerrilla raids that the one must formally be reckoned as war and the other not. But it is clear that governments which invoke this distinction in regard to the Israeli-Egyptian conflict would not be willing themselves to accept the logical implications of the principle. If, for example, the Russians were to start firing on American ships in the Baltic or shooting rockets into California from submarines in the Pacific, one can- not imagine John Foster Dulles explain- ing to the American people that nothing had been done to justify armed retalia- tion because no Russian troops were in NASSER: This is the Secretary General of the U. N.... Yes, I'm listeriingl Aux Ecoutes, Paris occupation of any part of American ter- ritory. It is only Egypt which is deemed to possess, uniquely among the nations of the world, the right to wage war with- out interference and yet to be protected by the world's security organization from the normal risks of belligerency. It was also argued during last month's crisis that no Israeli conditions for with- drawal could be accepted because it was not for the aggressor to lay down terms for the cessation of his offense.. Any pledges given to Israel, it was held, would mean that a nation was profiting by an act of aggression, and this was something the UN could not tolerate. But it should never have been neces- sary for Israel to demand guarantees and be put in the position of bargaining with the UN over terms for evacuation. The UN of its own accord should have required a renunciation of belligerency by both sides as part of an Assembly resolution for putting an end to the state of war between Israel and Egypt. Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-013158000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 In view of the fact that Egypt openly claimed belligerent rights, it was the plain duty of the Assembly to call on Egypt to renounce these rights at the same time that it required Israel to evac- uate Egyptian territory-especially as Egypt was manifestly incapable of bring- ing about an Israeli withdrawal by her own strength. If the Assembly failed to perform this duty, it was in no way due to any moral scruples about "rewarding aggres- sion," but solely due to the formation of a log-rolling bloc of interests which made it possible to obtain a two-thirds vote for sanctions against Israel, but not for any restriction on Egypt . . . The Arab world is up for auction to the highest bidder, and the bids are required not only in economic aid or concessions but also, and above all, in toleration or support for the pan-Arab designs against Israel. Nobody acquainted with pan-Arab propaganda and the sentiments of Arab politicians can honestly doubt that these designs, unless checked and restrained from outside, must sooner or later lead to an all-out Arab-Israeli war. The ma- jority of Arab leaders frankly declare that Israel must be eliminated as a state; the few moderates who are willing to accept the existence of an Israeli nation insist on such a reduction of its territory that it would cease to be viable, Not only does the anti-Israeli cause arouse the strongest emotions among Arabs, but it is also the only issue on which the separate Arab states can effectively he combined. And this means that it is a political necessity for politicians aiming at increased influence in the Arab world to dwell on it and exacerbate it as much as possible. Since the Israelis have no intention of submitting to national extinction (or even to deprivation of territory which they now hold) without a desperate fight, the present policies of Israel's Arab neighbors must inevitably result in war -whenever the Arab leaders feel that they have attained military superiority over Israel and are reasonably sure there will be no great-power intervention against them. The military superiority they require is a matter of modern arms, of training in their use, and of close coordination between the forces of the Arab states directly concerned. Manpower is not a problem, for the odds in terms of popu- lation are overwhelmingly on the side of the Arabs. But time is needed to bring the Arab armed forces to the point where they will be qualitatively a match for the Israelis. The arms deliveries from the Soviet bloc, by nullifying the West- ern attempt to keep peace in the Middle East through a balance in military sup- plies, have made the .project of a serious attack on Israel one of practical politics. Last October, when the Israelis struck against Egypt, the confederates were still unprepared.. The Egyptians had not yet had enough training to handle the heavy weapons with which they had been provided, their staff work proved quite inadequate, and neither Syria nor Jordan took any military action in sup- port of Egypt. The result was a setback in the Arab timetable. But this cannot be more than a post- ponement of the day of wrath, and the former buildup has now been resumed. Soviet arms are again coming into the Middle East, and the United States, under its agreement with Saudi Arabia and the provisions of the Eisenhower Doctrine, is also engaged in arming Arab states, even if supplies are not at the moment going directly to Egypt. The recent proceedings in the United Nations and the course of American diplomacy as conducted by Secretary Dulles have given the Arab leaders more reason than ever before to hope that they can achieve the destruction of Israel without serious interference from outside. They have, therefore, only to wait until their mil- itary strength matures and meanwhile keep the poi boiling by agitation, propa- ganda, threats, incidents and the partial exercise of belligerent rights. There is only one thing that can stop this rake's progress toward another war in the Middle East, and that is a firm declaration by the Western great powers that they will not allow what the Arab leaders intend to do. If the United States, with or without Britain and France, were to give Israel within her existing frontiers a definite guarantee against armed attack (as un- ambiguous as that which has been given to Formosa) and at the same time to recognize Israel's right to retaliation for as long as Egypt claims to exercise rights of belligerency, then the propagandists of the destruction of Israel would have to desist from their perpetual rabble- rousing. They would then know that they could never make war on Israel without making war on America, and that they could never, therefore, deliver the goods which they teach their mob- audiences to expect from them. The long-term effect of such a decla- ration would be to pacify the Middle East by removing the hope of destroying Israel from the realm of practical poli- tics. But the immediate result might well be an outburst of fury and resentment among the Arabs which might be dam- aging to American oil interests and lead the Arab rulers to make dramatic ges- tures of appealing to Russia. There would, in fact, be little danger in this, for if the Soviet Government were con- vinced that America would protect Israel against an Arab attack it would be very unlikely to support such an attack, unless it intended to go to war with America in any case. But clearly the short-term tension would involve a period of unpleasant- ness for the Secretary of State, and Dul- les is not willing to face such a prospect. His idea of a Middle East policy is to win the friendship of the Arab states, particularly Saudi Arabia, and to avoid offending them in any way-a policy which is obviously incompatible with any sort of guarantee to Israel. It is charitable to suppose that Dulles believes that he will be able to use the influence he expects to gain in the Arab world to restrain its leaders, when the time comes, from an all-out attack on Israel. If so, he has fatally overestimated the restraint which can be exerted by counsels of moderation on an inflamed nationalist fanaticism when there is no deterrent of military commitment to sup- port them. But it is really not fair to Dulles to assume that he is the victim of such illusions. He is a diplomat of great knowledge and experience; his defects are not of intellect, but of character. The only reasonable inference to be drawn from his recent behavior is that he un- deFstands very well the price that has to be paid ultimately for the ends he pursues and that he is prepared to pay it. The man who goes to an auction de- termined to get what he wants must be ready to bid as high as is necessary. The Arabs require payment primarily in the form of material and diplomatic support for their design of destroying Israel; Arab friendship as between America and Russia is to go to the power which will make the better offers to this end. And ved For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 35 if Dulles is to beat Russia in this game, tion of Israel. he must in the long run do everything The American and British policies, to- to help the Arabs short of using Ameri- ward Israel are also in harmony with can bombers to wipe out Tel Aviv. But the attitude of the Soviet Union. The why should he not? Israel is not his Communists have always been hostile country, and he thinks it important to to Zionism-in the early days because it conciliate the Arabs. was a rival to Marxism for the ideolog- In such a policy, Dulles can expect to ical allegiance of the younger generation and later be find a good second in Selwyn Lloyd, a worthy representative of the pro-Arab "camel corps" school of British Middle Eastern diplomacy. Britain was trying to buy Arab friendship by an anti-Israeli policy long before the Eisenhower Ad- ministration entered the market. Nothing during the last two years has whetted Arab appetites more than Sir Anthony Eden's Mansion House (Guildhall) speech in the autumn of 1955. Eden in- dicated then that the condition of a Palestine peace settlement must be an Israeli willingness to make territorial cessions. Britain's subsequent quarrel with Nas- ser over Suez superficially brought her into an alignment with Israel against Egypt, but British-Israeli relations in fact remained as bad as ever. Eden appears to have imagined that by proclaiming the Anglo-French intervention in Egypt to be a move to separate the Egyptian and Israeli forces he could dissociate Britain from the Israeli action. As it turned out, nobody took the Eden ver- sion seriously; in the eyes of the Arabs, the British were acting in collusion with Israel, and the universal Arab sympathy for Egypt was far greater than it would have been had Britain used force against Egypt immediately after Nasser's rejec- tion of the London Conference proposals for international administration of the Suez Canal. Since the fiasco of the Suez interven- tion, however, the British Government has been making tentative attempts to regain Arab favor by showing hostility toward Israel. Selwyn Lloyd has publicly returned to the Eden thesis that Israel can have peace only if she is willing to cede territory. Since Israel's present ter- ritory is the bare minimum needed for strategic and economic viability, and since there is no juridical or moral ground for requiring territorial cessions from Israel any more than from the Arab states, this attitude is nothing but an encouragement to the Arab leaders to intensify pressure and threats against Is- rael. It is a way of giving notice that Britain is not committed to any protec- of East European Jewry, cause the state of Israel, allegedly an outpost of American imperialism,, was feared as a source of influence over Jews in Russia and the satellite countries. Since the Eisenhower Administration took over in Washington, it must have been obvious to the Kremlin that Israel no longer enjoyed American favor or support, but Russia has found a new motive for hostility to Israel in the desire to obtain predominant influence in the Arab world. Recent Russian policy has been to suggest to the Arabs that if only they will dissociate themselves sufficiently from all ties with the West, they can count on Russian help to achieve the aim of eliminating Israel. It is this Russian championship of the Arab cause which has created the market in Arab friendship open to bids by the Western powers. In the Middle East, competitive coexistence between Russia and the West has become competitive anti-Zionism. It may be a source of satis- faction to those who feel nostalgia for the good old days of Big Three unity that America, Britain and Russia have found in a common partiality for the enemies of Israel at least one subject in world affairs on which they can agree. Their concord in conspiracy for the ob- literation of a small people is all the more impressive in that it would cer- tainly have had the unreserved approba- tion of Hitler. But a rivalry for the more effective fulfilment of Arab desires is not, of course, the same thing as a real agree- ment about the future of the Middle East. The Russian purpose is to become sole patron of an Arab confederacy and to exclude the influence of the West. Thus, Moscow has no interest in coop- eration with the West for a settlement, even at Israel's expense. With America, Britain and Russia all competitively aligned against Israel, France is the only power which definitely takes Israel's side in the conflict. This is not, it must be admitted, because the French have a greater regard for abstract Approved For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 justice, but because their view of their national self-interest happens to coincide with the aim of preserving the Israeli state instead of aiding and abetting Arab plans to destroy it. The French have no oil holdings in Arabia or Iraq, or pipe- lines through Syria, and therefore less susceptible to blackmail from that quar- ter. Their attention is concentrated o:i North Africa, where they regard Egypt as their principal enemy, and they are therefore ready to support Israel as a check on Egypt. But it is not primarily on French sup- port that Israel, apart from reliance on her own right arm, bases her hopes for future survival. It is on the general atti- tude of public opinion throughout the Western world, and not least in America and Britain. This public opinion holds that Israel is entitled to national inde- pendence and security, that the same principles of law should be applied im- partially to Israel and the Arabs, and that a "solution" of the conflict which compels withdrawal of victorious Israeli forces while leaving Egypt with belliger- ent rights is unjust and absurd. The feeling of the American people on the matter was shown clearly enough, both in the press and in Congress, when it was a question of the United States voting for sanctions against Israel. Not even President Eisenhower's broadcast availed to persuade the nation that black was white when it was so obviously black. Nor was the verdict of public opinion any different in Europe .. . It is this strong current of public opinion which will in the end frustrate the schemes of the American and British Foreign Ministers for buying the Arabs by complicity in the murder of Israel. The American people are too decent for Dulles and the British nation is not bad enough for Selwyn Lloyd. A series of episodes in recent history has shown that the foreign policies of democratic nations cannot in the long run be conducted along lines which are repugnant to the WILL WE LEARN THE LESSON? "... Here is where the lessons of history should trouble our awareness. What happened in 1933 and 1934 and 1935 and 1936 under the Nazis? Oh, they weren't killing any Jews then. There weren't any con- centration camps or gas chambers or crematoria then. The Nazis were only making things unpleasant for the Jews ... "And now we are confronted with a new totali- tarianism, a new dictatorship on the banks of the Nile. And to what lengths this dictatorship program of persecution may go, the thinking mind fears to con- template. In the 1930's there were those who said that the Nazi treatment of the German Jews is an internal matter. Why worry about some 600,000 German Jews when world peace is on our agenda? The massacre of 6 million was in part a result of the world's indiffer- ence. Today, in 1957, we cannot say, 'Why worry about the Jews in Egypt? It's an internal Egyptian matter; after all, there is the Arab-Israel conflict.' "It is not without significance that much of this anti-Jewish program in Egypt is being directed by former Nazis, and that there is today an axis between Dictator Nasser and the Soviet Union with its history of Stalin's and Khrushchev's antisemitism. , ," (From Congressional Record, 2-14-57, excerpts' of address by Gov. Theodore R. McKeldin of Maryland. at public meeting on Egyptian Terror against Egyptian Jewry, Statler Hotel, Washington, D. C,) consciences of the great bulk of their citizens. The policy which has recently been pursued by Secretary of State Dulles must lead inexorably, if it is continued, to the perpetration of a great interna- tional crime. But it can be foreseen with a high degree of certainty that, before that point is reached, the American peo- ple will rebel against the policy. The danger is that the turn will come too late to avert war in the Middle East, and that catastrophe will overtake the West- ern democracies while they are trying to extricate themselves from commitments to the Arabs. A world war can start in Palestine if there is doubt about Amer- ica's position-as there was over Korea in 1950. Today there is still time to reconsider policy and relate it to the fundamental principles for which the Western democracies stand. But the time is short. (Co,adeeced, Courtesy, The New Leader) "BEST SELLER" "On the occasion of its fifth anniversary, the journal of the former Waffen-SS, Wiking-Ruf. November 1956, states that it now has a five-figure circulation with readers in 28 countries including Scandinavia, Spain, France, Belgium, Italy, Britain, U. S. A., the Middle East. Africa, Indochina, Latin America and Australia." ("Bulletin," The Wiener Library) HITLER'S ECHO "Nasser's anti-Jewish arm has reached out to South Africa in Swahili-language broadcasts from Cairo clearly aping the rantings of Hitler, Goering, Himmler and the rest of the barbarians who fed on the blood of six million Jewish victims of the aberration of the century. In a broadcast pretending to cement a base of friendship between the peoples of Egypt and East Africa. the Voice of Hitler speaking through the Voice of Cairo delivered itself of this filth: "The British have filled the colonies chock-full of Jews, and if a son of the country finds himself in need, he has no one to go to except a Jewish moneylender. The usury of these Jews, brought in and looked after by the British them- selves, is unmentionable." Hitler's ghost directed the venom against the Jews in Kenya. Tanganyika and Malaya." (WNS, 4-26-57) Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 DANGEROUS CRITICISMI "We learn from an absolutely reliable source that Mr. Bohlen was recalled from Moscow and sent to the golden retreat of Manila for having violently criticized Mr. Dulles' policies in the Near East. "In a series of reports Mr. Bohlen attempted to put Mr. Dulles on guard against his tentative folly of ap- peasing Nasser. It was necessary, according to him, to support France and Great Britain in their endeavors to put an end to the dictatorial adventure which im- periled the most important strategic crossroad of the world, or convoke a four-power conference with the Russians on all the pending problems. In one case or the other, Nasser would have had to go and the Suez Canal would have returned to its international status. "For having foreseen the truth, Mr. Bohlen had to go; just as before him, Mr. George Kennan was ditched for having condemned the policy of the 'rollback,' the liberation of the satellite nations." (Aux Ecoutes, Paris, 4-12-57) NASSER'S EXTERMINATION EXPERT "John Stanley Grauel was a minister before he made history running the gauntlet of the British Navy aboard the famous Israelian vessel, 'Exodus 1947.' He now describes himself as 'The only Methodist minister who ever became a Rear-Admiral in the Jewish Navy."... At a luncheon of the radio, teevee, stage, musicians and bandleaders division of the U. J. A. Grauel re- vealed that Eichmann, a released war criminal, has joined Egyptian Dictator Nassers' inner-circle. His ex- perience qualifies him perfectly for the job. At one time Herr Eichmann was 'Extermination Engineer' for Hitler. This was back in the dark ages when rats ex- terminated people..." (Hy Gardner, N. Y. Herald Tribune, 5-10.57) * FILLING THE "VACUUM" ... In the Middle East, German companies have achieved the upper hand as a result of Arab reluctance to deal at present with the British, the French, as well as the Americans in the light of the confusing Suez crisis. Germany is seriously expounding the possibilities of extending its economic interests in the Far East, as can be gathered from the fact that thus far in 1957 two leading German government officials have visited the area with declared economic purpose. This em- phasis followed closely a business mission to the area which reported that all German industry needed to expand its markets in the Far East were long-term, low-interest loans..." (Curtis J. Hoxter, N. Y. World-Telegram & Sun, 5-4-57) NO COMMENT "Because no adequate German equipment was available U. S. army trucks brought an 18-ton monu- ment to a cemetery in Herborn, Germany. "The huge statue is being erected to honor German soldiers killed in World War II:' "THE WORST" "Secretary of State John Foster Dulles is 'the worst Secretary of State in modern times,' Rep. Wayne Hays (D-Ohio) told the Gazette and Daily. Hays is a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. "He stalked out of a committee hearing in protest against Dulles' insistence that part of his testimony on the administration's Middle East plan must be given in secret. "'The damage that Dulles has done will live with us for generations, 'the congressman said...' "Hays' criticism followed a similar attack on Dulles by Democratic Sen. Kerr Scott of North Carolina. Scott called for Dulles resignation..." (Gazette and Daily, 1-17-57) * "And now it gives me great pleasure to close the Canal, not only to British, French, and Israeli ships -but to all ships that do not think Egypt the most advanced and wonderful nation in the world]" Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 A "NEW" CONSORTIUM "Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's six-day visit to Iran is one in a series of visits which West German officials are making abroad, principally to different parts of Asia... "Chancellor Adenauer's visit to Teheran, the press points out, is primarily due to the Chancellor's love of travel ... But the fact that his entourage included Dr. Albert-Hilger van Scherpenbeg, chief of the eco- nomics section of the Foreign Office, carries its own significance. "In fact, it is assumed that Bonn expects from this visit a great increase in German-Iranian trade and that arrangements for large German credits to make this possible may be reached. Simultaneously, it is hoped that the German-Italian-Japanese consortium which is seeking concessions for building a pipeline from Qum will be successful. "Germany has been a very welcome economic partner of Iran during the past few decades. This is strengthened by the fact that West Germany has had no political position to defend in the Near East and that Soraya. Empress of Iran, has close German family connections ..." (J. Emlyn Williams, Christian Science Monitor, 3-29-57) FROM SUEZ TO GIBRALTAR "Egypt soon will buy arms from Spain as well as from the Soviet bloc ... "This assumption stems from the recently concluded visit to Spain of a military mission headed by the Egyptian Army's chief supply officer, Gen. Rizkalla Attia.. . "General Franco defined his position in the Israel- Arab dispute. He said: 'We can assure you that we have not been insensible to your sufferings and that we share the feelings of the Arabs who have been ex- pelled from their homes.' "General Attia had told the Spanish press earlier that the link between Spain and Egypt was very im- portant because Spain holds the key to the Mediter- ranean at Gilbraltar, whereas Egypt at Suez holds the key to the Arab people." (R;chard Mowrer, in Madrid. Christian Science Monitor, April, 57) TAPPED "... West German industrialists were slopped from smuggling the machinery and prefabricated parts of an entire steel rolling mill to Russia. Telephone calls be- tween the West German agents and the go-between in East Berlin gave the game away." (Sefton Delmer, Daily Express, London, 6-13-57) MOVING INTO SYRIA "The German concern Dickers has been given a Syrian #270,000 contract to supply 32 oil storage depots with a total capacity of 50,000 tons. Syria has been receiving refined oil from Russia and Lebanon." (Financial Times, London, 3-21-57) INTERESTING "The United States Department of State desires West Germany to take over the badly shaken trade positions of England and France in the Near East. This informa- tion was given by Arab King Saud at a secret con- ference on the Mediterranean island of Ibiza, attended by Arab and Spanish politicians, as well as U. S. Ambassador to Madrid, Lodge. Saud declared, how- ever. that during his talks in Washington he stated his doubts about this project due to Bonn's close col- laboration with French colonial policy within the framework of the common market Similar misgivings were transmitted to Bonn by the new Spanish Phalanx Minister Solis, who maintains good relations to West German industry." (Der Spiegel. Hamburg, 3-23-57) SO VERY PEACEFUL "Russia has signed an agreement with Egypt for construction of an atomic reactor and laboratory for nuclear research in Egypt, a member of the Russian United Nations delegation said. "Vladimir Barkovsky, counsellor of the Russian dele- gation, told the all-college conference on 'Tensions in the Middle East' at Iowa State Teachers College that the Soviet Union also would train Egyptians to operate the reactor ... GUESS WHO DID ITI "Unknown persons overturned and demolished twenty-six Jewish tombstones at the cemetery of Tho- ley, the Saar. "This was the third incident of the kind in West Germany within four weeks. Last month, eighty Jewish tombstones at the international cemetery at Salzgitter, Lower Saxony, were overturned and demolished ... "At the Salzgitter cemetery, the vandals also put up a sign bearing the Swastika that read: 'Germany awaken-Israel perish.'...,. OPERATION "CANADA" (N. Y. Times, 5-12-57) "The Mannesmann combine, having acquired $20m. of the share capital of Algoma, Canada's second larg- est steelmakers, through its subsidiary, Mannesmann International Corporation, of Toronto, is now the largest single shareholder in Algoma..." (Financial Times, London, 5-2-57) IN SUNNY SPAIN "Private West German business interests are nego- tiating with Madrid for the development of a German armaments industry on Spanish soil. "The two principal figures are Willy Messerschmitt, Hitlers' ace aircraft designer, and Claude Domier. another World War II plane builder. "Krupp, the Ruhr steel magnate, and Henschel, the loc:motive and truck manufacturer, are among the leading industrialists involved... "Anticipating armaments orders. Messerschm4tt and Dornier already have bought into the Spanish aircraft (Gazette and Daily, 3-7-57) Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 FULL BLAST IN TURKEY , "Renewing prewar ties with Turkey, West Germany s Krupp will build a new blast furnace at Turkey's only steel mill, in Karabuk. Other straws in the wind for Krupp, construction of a second steel mill in Turkey and a railway between Turkey and Iran, also develop- ment of wolfram deposits, and help in building a bridge across the Straits of Bosporus." * (Business Week, 6-8-57) STEEL FOR THE SOVIETS ... Embargo lists do not seem to have hampered German trade with Soviet Russia. Considerable quan- tities of steel sheet were sold to Russia last year, and talks about the export of plate are in progress. "Germany does not insist on payment in hard cur- rency any more: both limited convertible marks and transferable sterling are being accepted." (Financial Times, London, 2-13-57) BACK IN HARNESS 7~C "Okinori Kaya, paroled war criminal and author of Japan's 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere,' is reported to be planning to try to make a political comeback. Kaya, 68 years old, was Finance Minister under Hideki Tojo; World War II Premier. He applied for membership in the ruling Liberal-Democratic Party and was said to be planning to run for the House of Representatives in the next national election." (A. P., 5-14-57) ATTENTION:. STATE DEPARTMENT "Tourists visiting the Syrian Embassy and consulates for travel literature today reported receiving copies of the anti-Jewish forgery, 'The Protocols of the Elders; of Zion.' "The pamphlets are printed in French from plates believed to originate in Nazi Germany. They are given out along with maps and customary travel folders to Americans who inquire about visiting Syria. The 'Protocols' allege to be a blueprint of a Jewish plot for world domination. The forgery originated in Czarist Russia in 1905. It was revived in the 1930's by the Nazis." (J. T. A., 6-11-57) . The second chance to revise our European policy, created for us by the satellite revolt, will not last forever. Given time, the Kremlin will bend every effort to restore its posi- tion in Eastern Europe. Meanwhile, if we fail to seize the opportunity of the moment and con- tinue along our present course, it is not hard to see what will happen. The British will reduce their forces stationed in Germany. The French will remain bogged down in North Africa. Ger- many, now at long last seriously at work to, create an army, will definitely become the dominant power in Western Europe. This will mean that, eventually, the fate of Europe will be decided, not by the United States, Britain and France in negotiation with the Soviet Union, but by Russia and Germany." .... (James P. Warburg, Forum Foreign Policy Assn., 4-11-57) 39 MORE LOOT FOR ABS? "The Deutsche Bank Group has become a partner in a European bank group which is to render financial assistance in the economic development of Africa and the areas of Africa held by France. It has taken over one-half million Luxemburg francs of the 21/2 million francs of the capital of the newly founded 'Consortium European pour le developpement des resources natu- relles de l'Afrique' in Luxemburg. The German interests on the Administrative Board of this bank group are in the hands of the Chairman of the Board of the Sued- deutsche Bank, H. J. Abs, _ and the Chairman of the Board of the Deutsche Bank West, F. Groening." (Sueddeutsche Zeitung, 12-12-56) HE GETS AROUND "Close cooperation has been arranged between the Deutsche Bank group and the Banco Commercial Transatlantico in Barcelona. "Herr Abs, of the Deutsche Bank, will join the Board of the Barcelona bank and up to 10 per cent of its share capital will be acquired by a subsidiary of the Deutsche Bank, the Deutsche Ubersee_ Bank." (Financial Times, London, 1-4-57) BULWARK AGAINST COMMUNISM "The firm..of Friedrich Krupp announced it received orders to build a $4 million plant to produce man- made fibers in Soviet Russia. "A Krupp spokesman said this was the first large industrial order by Russia to a West German firm. "A contract for construction of the plant was signed in March. It needs government approval, said the spokesman, adding that Krupp was certain of getting official consent for the project. . (N. Y. World-Telegram & Sun, 6-20-57) "Were you sent here to get me out, or to get him in?" Scott in The London Daily Sketch Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 I lJhatoovut vu 9"nuH ij'"vea! Staff: It is reasonable to assume that most persons conversant with the history of German militarism must think, above all, of the German General Staff. The char- acter of this "Institution" is unique and in fundamental respects differs from the role of the general staffs of other major countries. John W. Wheeler-Bennett, in his ex- haustive study of this subject (The Nem- esis Of Power), notes that the forces controlled by the German General Staff "dominated the 11'reintar Republic from the moment of its birth . . , first sup- ported, and then condoned the overthrow of the Republic and . . . made a major contribution to Hitler's coming to power." The basic reason why the Ger- man General Staff (hereafter initialed GGS) bears these responsibilities lies in the fact that its functions encompass far more than the military phases of planning and waging wars. The GGS was the clearing house and ultimate arbiter of the political and eco- nomic policies pertaining to the domestic and foreign affairs of Germany. It co- ordinated the activities of powerful in- terests and groups ranging from the ar- dent Pan-Germans to the traveling sales- men of Krupp and IG Farben. It served as the final censor of ideas and, at the same time, was the fountainhead of the German dream to rule the world. The power and the influence of the GGS was recognized by the Aliles after World War I, and the Versailles Treaty called for its suppression. However, the proscription was to no avail as the GGS, under various guises, succeeded in main- taining its grip on Germany's destiny. The Danger to Peace The demand for the abolishment of the GGS and the German Officer Corps which replenished its ranks, rose again after World War IL The US Foreign Economic Administration which made a thorough analysis of the German war potential at the end of the war, declared that peace could not be won without the elimination of the GGS and its re- establishment prohibited under any cir- cumstances. At the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials the Allied prosecution charged that the GGS was a criminal organization and should be so judged by the Tribunal. In his summation of the Prosecution's case against the GGS Brig. General Telford Taylor referred to a passage in Sumner Welles` book, Time For Decision; "The authority to which the German people have so often and so disastrously re- sponded, was not in reality the German emperor of yesterday, or the Hitler of today, but the German General Staff. It will be said that this insistence that the German General Staff has been the driv- ing force in German policy, is a danger- ous oversimplification. I am not dis- posed to minimize the importance of other factors in Germany history. They all have their place but I am convinced that each of them has played its part only in so far as it was permitted to do so by the real matser of the German race, namely, German militarism, personified in, and channeled through, the German General Staff .. . "Whether their ostensible ruler is the Kaiser, or Hindenburg, or Adolf Hitler, the continuing loyalty of the bulk of the population is given to that military force controlled and guided by the German General Staff. To the German people, the Army today, as in the past, is the in- strument by which German domination will be brought about. Generations of Germans may pass. The nation may un- dergo defeat after defeat. But if the rest of the world permits it, the German General Staff will continue making its plans for the future." Similar warnings were raised by other prominent Americans. General Julius Ochs Adler, the late treasurer of the New York Times, urged that the GGS should be "imprisoned for life if not shot" because it represented a continual danger to world peace (New York Times, 7-6-45). President Eisenhower minced no words on this subject. He declared: "The German General Staff it- self must be utterly destroyed. These wars of Germany's have been, from the standpoint of the general staff, merely campaigns-merely incidents. They start- ed back in 1806 under Scharnhorst, and they have determined to rule Europe, and, in my opinion, they have used these political leaders that have come along in order to implement their own ideas and planning. If they found a Hitler-like leader with his tremendous ability of mob psychology, who could get the whole German nation behind him, he was use- ful. It happened he got so powerful he dominated them. "Now, how are you going to destroy that German general staff is something else again, because many of them have the excuse they did their duty as honor- able soldiers. But my opinion is that it should be made utterly impossible for them to function again" (New York Herald Tribune, 6-19-45). The numerous voices of Allied leaders calling for destruction of this dangerous "institution" reflected the deepest wishes of the peoples who had been victimized by German militarism. Have their hopes been realized or are we going through the same make believe world as after World War I? This question inevitably arises as both, East and West, race to rearm the former enemy. Does the rearmament of Germany pre- clude the resurgence of the GGS-or are we closer to the truth when we say that German rearmament without the GGS is as inconceivable as a flame with- out oxygen? Toward the end of World War II Life Magazine carried an ar- ticle on German militarism wherein it was stated that the GGS "is reborn as soon as two trained German officers meet in a ratskeller and talk war or simply sit and think about how to win the next war." Even if we should regard Life's descripution as an oversimplification, it is none the less essential to know what is happening today and what may be antici- pated. Admittedly this is a difficult as- signment and we do not pretend at this juncture to be able to draw hard and fast conclusions. The difficulties are com- pounded by the fact that by tradition and practice the GGS is a highly secret- ive organization. Moreover, news about military affairs in Germany is scant and superficial. For example, we are told that military uniforms will no longer be styled along the old Wehrmacht lines, nor will there be any more goose-step- ping. This may make good news but it Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 hardly tells us anything about the inner developments relative to the new German armies. Recognizing these handicaps it is pos- sible to gather tidbits of information which come to the surface now and then. Though they do not form a complete picture, they are straws which we dare not ignore. The remainder of this ar- ticle is devoted to an examination of these bits of evidence. Post-War Signs In the January 29, 1950 issue of the New York Times, Drew Middleton wrote a lengthy article under the title Ghosts Of The Old Wehrmacht. He discussed the dangers inherent in the re- vival of Germany's military power. "What insurance," he wrote, "has the West that the re-establishment of the German army will not produce some new von Seeckt or Scharnhorst?" Answering his own question, Mr. Middleton said: "It may be argued that the German of- ficer corps was decimated in World War II, which is true, and that the eveneral Staff is scattered and impotent in Ger- many today, which is also true. But, given the basic condition of a German army, would not these elements reunited, espe- cially in a period when Western eyes are fixed' on Moscow rather than on Bonn?" On March 6, 1950, the Associated Press reported from Bonn that German generals "of the old GGS have started a campaign to restore the German Of- ficer Corps to its former glory." One of the members of this group, Gen. Fritz Koch, boasted that contact- was main- tained between some 4000 generals, members of the GGS, .the Supreme Com- mand and others who held key positions under Hitler. While former High Com- missioner McCloy minimized this de- velopment other Allied officials, accord- ing to the A. P., said that this movement "might serve as the nucleus for a new GGS." Gen. Koch was not bashful when he was questioned by western newsmen with respect to the activities and possibilities 41 of his group. "Money is only a secondary problem," he said. "We want our honor restored," he declared. "We want an apology for the post-war defamation of the German Officer Corps." In defiant tones he declared that the Allies could not prevent the German Military from recovering its strength and unity, "we top flight officers have known each other for decades and nobody can keep us from keeping in touch with each other." The year 1950 also marked the ap- pearance of the so-called Bri derschaft. As far back as the No. 35 issue of Pre- vent World War III, the Society ex- posed this organization as consisting. of former German army officers under the leadership of General von Manteuffel, former commander of the Greater Ger- many Division. It was ascertained that the Bruderschaft membership consisted of a number of high ranking former of- ficers of the GGS who receive the sup- port of powerful financial circles in Germany, including Chancellor Aden- auer's close friend and advisor, the bank- SiTU~q~~oN VACANT-- FOR R~~ P ll I MAN TO COMMAND a ?.iJali fical'ions essentr' . 0/ saw no R D& THOSE SPEIDEL DISCLOSURES - BY CUMMINGS Courtesy, Daily Express, London Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 er Robert Pferdmenges. The first meeting of this militaristic organization took place on December 11, 1950. Its deliberations were secret but nevertheless there were sufficient leaks to indicate that the Bruderschaft's main aim was to uphold the traditions of German militarism and to rally those forces that were associated with the various enter- prises undertaken by the GGS. he Bruderschaft paid particular atten- tion to Russo-German relations and veered toward the Bismarckian policy of close union between Germany and Russia. We shall refer to the Bruder- schaft again when we deal with German militarism and Russo-German relations at the present time. The activities of German militarists proceeded apace without any particular hindrance by the occupying powers. In- deed, developments reached the point where the London Daily Express felt it justified to report to its readers that "the GGS, the mercilessly effective ma- chine which for 100 years drew the plans for European wars is here again" (7-16- 51). The early signs pointing to the re- surgence of German military activities drew little atteniton in the western press. However, two years ago the New York Post ran two sensational articles by its correspondent William Richardson who wrote that "the West German Defense Ministry is planning to revive the GGS." Mr. Richardson noted that in spite of Bonn's plans to put the GGS in new clothes "it will remain basically the GGS concept of Gneisenau and &harnhorst." Mr. Richardson brought out the fact that many experts believed that the most dangerous angle about the revived con- cept of the GGS was precisely that it had been conceived in Bonn by the men who rebelled in 1914 against Hitler. "Their 'actions in 1944 made them the darlings of the west. They were feted and honored by Allied Occupation of- ficers and Konrad Adenacer as the good, the democratic elements in Germany, but in a hard-headed sense they had built their entire Post-war careers on this foundation of disaffection against au- thority, the revolutionary approach. It paid off" (3-17-55). Richardson referred to the fact that it was not until 1944 that powerful mem- bers of the GGS decided to rebel against Hitler; that is, when they knew that Hitler's game was up and that it was essential to plan for the future. Thus, by irony, as Mr. Richardson brings out, the Allies have applauded the so-called rebels against Hitler who ----in reality-rebelled because their main concern was the pres- ervation of Germany's military potential above anything else. In a subsequent report on this sub- jest (3-22-55) Mr. Richardson observed that the detailed planning which the West German Defense Ministry had un- dertaken for the new army, ostensibly on a democratic basis, could be used "to conceal and distort the true German de- fense picture from our own and NATO authority." lie noted that the GGS had succeeded in fooling the Allies after World War I and that, therefore, it was Certainly not beyond the realm of possi- bility that they would repeat. To those who find comfort that many of the Ger- man generals were not Nazi party mem- bers and did not actively participate in some of the more horrifying crimes per- petratrd by Hitler's Wehrmacht, Mr. Richardson wrote, "These observations are quite beyond the point. Some of the finest men in western Europe may serve on the GGS, but they are still men who regard Koenigsberg as their mecca, and Marburg home of the Teutonic Knights as their spiritual capital. They are dedi- cated to a tenth century concept of chiv- alry, a Bismarckian approach of real- polirik, a 1925 concept of camaraderie and concealment and a 1944 belief that Routing authority does pay." About the same time that Mr. Rich- ardson made his disclosures, the French newspaper France Soir (2-22.55) car- ried a report from its correspondent in Bonn entitled "A Vest Pocket General Staff." The correspondent noted that the Bonn Defense Ministry consisted of for- mer members of the GGS who made special efforts to hide their true identity. They are an aristocratic group, he wrote, "the former officers of the GGS coming from that 'General Staff' which was the nursery of the big German military lead- ers." Ile estimated that there were about 900 of these high officers but that about 890 remained secluded and are unknown to the outside world while the remaining 10 act as their spokesmen on all mat- ters. They are the specialists on "public relations." They are the ones who tell all that needs to be known about what the German military is doing and plan ning. The "New" Structure Reports concerning the internal or- ganization and structure of the German military leadership are pertinent to this survey. In 1919 Hitler's foremost expert on tank warfare, General Heinz Guder- ian, prepared a memorandum on mili- tary organization for American military officials. The essentials of this memo- randum take on particular significance when they are compared to the setup which the West German Federal Re- public has devised for its own military organization. Guderian advocated that the three branches of the armed forces-Army, Navy and Airforce-be directly subor- dinate to the commander-in-chief of all of the armed forces. He proposed that the commander-in-chief of the armed forces should be directly responsible to the Chief of State. This concept of a tightly knit military organization whose sole civilian control would be in the per- son of the Chief of State was denounced by Cognressman Thomas H. Werdel: "The German plan outlines a military high command which is the ultimate, the millennium in the complete Prussian GGS concept. It holds that the military should control the destiny of the nation at time of war and have decisive voice on everything which affects the military in time of peace." The Bonn Government boasts that its military structure is a radical departure from the past. However, in essential re- spects there is a startling similarity be- tween the Guderian plan and Bonn's setup. In time of peace the West German Defense Minister possesses the supreme authority of command. It is admitted in the "Bulletin" of the German Govern- ment (5-17-56) that "the Defense Min- ister in his capacity of 'civilian' com- mander-in-chief enjoys a standing which from a political point of view puts him in a strong position." Thus, the defense minister has approximately the same function in times of peace as Guderian's Chief-of-State. Directly subordinate to the minister of defense is the so-called Inspector General of all of the armed forces. Just as Guderian sought the abolishment of the independent high commands of the various branches of the armed forces, so does the new setup in West Germany enable the Inspector General of the armed forces to dominate all of the branches. The Inspector General in turn is directly accountable to the all power- ful Minister of Defense. The centraliza Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 tion of the armed forces is the very heart of the plans advocated by West Ger- many's Defense Minister Franz Josef Strauss. Time Magazine (10-29-56) dis- cussed the Strauss plan and noted that it was "tantamount to a German General Staff." The New York Times (1-17-57) reported that Herr Strauss wanted to streamline the command structure in which authority was broadly dispersed. "His idea is to centralize the military leadership in the person of a dynamic officer," In this connection the New York Times reported (2-12-57) Strauss as stating that under his plan "the top military officer (Inspector General) would have some of the duties assigned to the chief of the old German General Staffs . . . It appeared that the Inspector General's role would be determined in a large measure by the personalities of the officer and the defense minister." In other words, ultimate control over the German military leadership will depend upon personalities and not law. Certainly this is not a departure from the past. At the end of May, Herr Strauss an- nounced that final reorrlanization of the military leadership had been achieved. General Heusinger becomes the Inspector General and all military branches which heretofore had a certain amount of in- dependence, will be subordinated to his command. General Heusinger's powers are enhanced by the fact that he will not only rule over the armed forces but also over the civilian sections of the Defense Ministry. If General Heinz Guderian were alive today, he would be the first to congratulate Herr Strauss. It is significant that in all of the de- fense planning including organizational problems, Chancellor Adenauer's Gov- ernment has employed the services of some of the highest officers of Hitler's GGS-including Field Marshal von Man- stein, General Franz Halder, and General Walter Wenck. Ideology" Ideological questions are also impor- tant as regards the new German Army. German officers are becoming more and more articulate in expounding theories as to what kind of army the Germans should have. The New York Herald Tribune (12-9-53) reported that there were strong cliques among former Ger- man officers who show no enthusiasm for democratizing the German army and "would like to see the return of the more Spartan disciplinary notions of the past." The Tribune story disclosed that the German Soldier Calendar for 1954, distributed annually by the German vet- erans paper Soldaten Zeitung, carried as its frontispiece a flattering full page portrait of former Grand Admiral Rae- der, a convicted war criminal and one of Hitler's closest military associates. At the same time this calendar published an article by the West German Defense Ministry on the problem of "democrat- izing" the new German army. One for- mer Major General Wilhelm Sneth, a holder of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross and a commander of one of Hit- ler's panzer divisions, expressed his idea of democratization as follows: "The of- ficer should be exactly like the prewar officer who stood the test superbly while on the front in World War II ..." The re-establishment of Germany's military - glory and the "honor" of her soldiers is a favorite theme among the German brass. In July 1952, the two leading figures of the present German military setup, Generals Heusinger and Speidel, declared that it would be impos- sible to recruit desirable officers for West German military contingents "unless a substantial number of war criminals are released from Allied jails" (New York Times, 7-24-52). The position taken by Heusinger and Speidel has received the full support of leading German politi- cians including Chancellor Adenauer. The granting of sovereignty to West Germany and the statements of Allied authorities repeated over and over again to the effect that the security of the west- INSPECTION " . The Soviet price has been neutrality for Germany. The three major Western powers have rejected it. "Reports reaching this capital indicate that the Soviet price may be more attractive in the future to smaller members of the Atlantic alli- ance than it has been in the past. "This is- because Dr. Konrad Abenauer, Chan- cellor of West Germany, a member of the alliance, has been talking about atomic weapons for the new West German forces. The Con- tinental powers do not like the idea of a nuclear power in the center of Europe. "This is not solely because confidence in West Germany's good intentions is less in the capitals of smaller nations than it is in Wash- ington or London. A more important reason is that West Germany's emergence as a nuclear power would insure that any war fought in Europe would be a nuclear war." (Drew Middleton, N. Y. Times, 4-15-57) Nothing to Hide - Yet! StN-Karikatur, Eckart Munz Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 ern world depended upon Germany's GGS were put on trial, they were given chief of the operations branch of the fighting power, has increased the arro- comparatively light sentences and subse- Nazi armies under Hitler. He worked gance of the German military, No longer quently freed. Germany will have no out the plans for German aggression do they stress democratization; instead difficulty in finding the personnel to lead against Belgium, Holland, and France. they deride the "fandangled ideas" of the armed forces, especially since there Afterwards, he wrote a book wherein the Allies. An effective fighting ma- are about 1700 former generals available. he attacked Hitler for failing to wipe chine, they say, cannot be built on the What has been the attitude of the out the British army at Dunkirk. "anarchic liberalism" preached by the Bonn Government toward the staffing of Gen. Hcusinger was a close pal of one West. The "traditionalists" have become "new" personnel for the army? Accord- of Hitler's top generals, Jodl, who was more prominent in the councils of the ing to former Defense Minister Blank, hanged at Nuremberg for war crimes. German Defense Ministry and publica- "toe will make no blanket discrimination Hcusinger once characterized Jodl as "a tions representing the old German Offi- among the applicants. IY'e will judge thoroughly decent man." cer Corps denounce what they call "alien every applicant on an individual basis General Hans Speidel. Recently the influences" at work. Demands have been according to his military ability and his central land forces of NATO were placed put forth to put an end at once to the human qualities. That will be the solu- under the command of Gen. Hans Spei- so-called defamation of the German mili- Lion of the problem of the reenlistment of del. The appointment created a furor in tary, to grant full equality to all of the members of the W/affen SS" (New York Western Europe. The peoples victimized former members of the Waffcn SS and Herald Tribune, 12-29-53). by German aggression were at loss to to free all German war criminals. The Deutsche Soldaten Zeitung demanded greater awareness of the fact that "the Bonn Government is living off the divi- dends of the moral capital that the Ger- man armies have built up in the world in the last 200 years" (New York Herald Tribune, 1-16-56). The speed with which the tradition- alists have come to the forefront has alarmed some sections of the German people. This is reflected in the demand made by the Sociel Democratic Party for parliamentary investigation of mili- taristic and nationalistic indoctrination of the officer corps of the new army. The immediate cause for this demand stems from the activities of the so-called Democratic Workers Association, found- ed in 1951 under the patronage of high officials in the Federal Chancellory. The activities of this organization include lec- tures and briefings for German army of- ficers. According to the New York Times (3-7-57), the Association has attained a "preeminent position in the education of the Officer Corps." The "New" Leadership Intimately connected with the ideolog- ical battles of the traditionalists is the question of leadership responsible for the West German armed forces. Here again the data on hand concerning the top brass is scanty. The Germans just do not like the kind of publicity and are extremely sensitive to inquiries. We do know, this, however, that nearly half of the members of Hitler's German General Staff and High Command were alive at the end of the war and had escaped charges of war crimes. Even in the ma- jority of cases where members of the The Waffcn SS was adjudged as a understand how the principles underly- notorious criminal organization at Nu- ing NATO could be squared with the remberg but now those who belonged to appointment of this man. it are being welcomed into the ranks of The "public relations experts" have the armed forces. It is true that there is tried to build up Speidel as a scholarly a screening board that is supposed to Ph.D. who hated Hitler and loves the weed out individuals who are regarded French. But facts cannot be whitewashed. as objectionable. But it remains to be Speidel was a member of the old Reichs- seen how effective this board will be, wehr that had been organized by Gen. especially as Germany's militaristic tradi- von Seeckt which, in turn, became the tions are revived. nucleus of Hitler's Wehrmacht. His mili- At the end of 1954 it was estimated tary qualities were recognized by the that the personnel section of the Defense GGS in the early 1930s and he was ap- Ministry had already recruited 40 gen- pointed first as an aide to the military erals, 250 colonels and 21,500 other of- attache of the Reich Embassy in Paris. ficers. In 1956, according to the German Subsequently, he was named head of the newspaper Die Welt, 31 out of the 38 Western Division of Counter Espionage generals that now head up the new Ger- in the GGS. man army, were members of the former During his stay in Paris he directed GGS. As of October 1, 1956, 100 of German espionage activities in all of 237 colonels and 84 of 225 Lt. Colonels Western Europe with particular emphasis were likewise GGS officers. Six of the on the armies of the Western European generals, 64 colonels and 75 Lt. Colonels countries. He advised Hitler of the poor led combat units in World War 11 for a state of preparations of the French army period of more than 3 years. This would before 1938. It was he who drew up the clearly indicate that these particular of. armistice terms in June, 1940, which ficers were heart and soul with the Ger- turned out to be oppressive and de- man war effort at least while the going moralizing for the French people. In was good addition to these activities, Speidel was While it is not possible to deal in de- responsible for the deportation of thou- tail with all of the key members aszo- sands of non-Aryans from France and for dated with the GGS we think it would the brutal murder of many others who be instructive to examine briefly the resisted the German occupation. The ba4kgrounds of some of them. London Daily Express (5-20-57) car- ried a lengthy article on Speidel's crimi- The "Big Brass" nal record which was exposed by a General Adolf Heusinger. Hcusinger series of secret documents made available who has been described as the typical to that newspaper by Lord Russell of Prussian officer. is now the head of the Liverpool. German armed forces. He sparked the The Speidel appointment evoked pro- campaign for the freedom of German tests from important sections of the odiccrs who had been charged and im- press in Western Europe. Political lead- prisoncd for war crimes. Heusinger was ers also questioned the propriety and Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 morality of the appointment. Emanuel Shinwell, former British War Minister and Minister of Defense observed in the House of Commons that his appoint- ment was deplorable. "There is no doubt," he declared, "that at least until 1944 he (Speidel) was an ardent sup- porter of the Nazi creed." This is the man who is now entrusted with the fate of hundreds of thousands of European soldiers. General Hans Roetiger. Roetiger is the former Panzer General who worked closely with Heinz Guderian. He held various posts during the war. Among his assignments was that of chief of staff under Field Marshal von Kleist and sub- sequently under Marshal von Kesselring who commanded Hitler's forces in Italy. Kesselring had been sentenced and tried as a war criminal for his brutalities against the Italian people. We are not aware of Roitiger's connections with the outrages perpetrated by von Kesselring. Roetiger is an old military hand having served the GGS in two world wars. He fought both on the Russian and French fronts during World War II. In 1954 he took over the management of the Hamburg branch of the so-called German Society for Military Science. Unquestion- ably this organization was one of the camouflaged setups that the GGS em- ployed in order to maintain the continu- ity of the GSS' planning after the de- feat. It was at a meeting of this Society that a leading officer of the Defense Ministry, Col. Fett, expressed confidence that the Paris Agreement would enable Germany to achieve Bismarck's plan of assuring the Fatherland "a predominant position in western Europe." One of Roetiger's favorite slogans: "We should take care not to be drowned in tradition, but, rather, to be borne along by it." General Joseph Kammhuber. Gen. Kammhuber, one of Goering's closets as- sociates, has now been appointed Chief of the German Air Force. During the war he led formations of Goering's Luft- waffe which "distinguished" themselves in the bombing of many European cities. Like his associates mentioned, he served the GGS in two world wars. In 1940 when the Nazis launched their barbarous air assaults against western Europe, Kammhuber directed a squadron to. bomb the German city of Freiburg. It is said that this fake attack was then used by Nazi propaganda as an alibi for the bombing of open cities in western Europe. Admiral Oskar Ruge. Adm. Ruge took over the German Navy after the former head, Capt. Adolf Zenker, delivered a speech in which he urged the German Navy to remain true to the traditions of Hitler's Grand Admiral Doenitz. Ad- miral Doenitz was found guilty of war crimes and served a 10 year sentence. Ruge was a U-boat specialist and responsible for the sinking of many al- lied ships during the war. Again, as in the case of his associates, he served the GGS in both 'wars. For his services to Hitler's cause he was promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral. Incidentally, Cap- tain Zenker has now been appointed Commander of Naval Forces in the North Sea. General Walter Wenck. Gen. Wenck had the distinction of commanding Hit- ler's "last stand army" outside Berlin. Though he is not yet an official member of the German armed forces, he is a great favorite of Chancellor Adenauer and there has been much talk that he would ultimately become the commander- in-chief of all of the armed forces. In March, 1945, after most people recog- nized that Hitler's game was up, Wenck took over the job of protecting Hitler's last stand in Berlin with the aid of an army made up predominantly of 16 and 17 year olds. One of Wenck's orders of the day called upon these youngsters to save the Fuehrer: "Soldiers of the Army, Group Wenck, you are ordained to lib- erate the Fuehrer who is battling in Ber- lin." While the Speidels and the Hen- singers speak about their so-called op- position to Hitler during the last days of the war, General Wenck cannot even make that claim. The backgrounds of other leading figures in the new German armed forces were examined in the No. 46 issue of Prevent World War III. From the foregoing it is clear that the top personnel of the German armed forces consists of individuals who had close ties with German militarism as far back as World War I. In 1952, when the plans for reviving the German army were unfolded, the noted news corre- spondent Spencer D. Irwin made an observation which deserves to be pon- dered by all security minded Americans: "The impression that they (the new leaders of the German armed forces) love the West but despise the East is skillfully planned for Western - espe cially American, gullibility. But, as we said, a general staff made up of Germans may be called European but it can never be anything but German. For this blind- ness we may pay a horrible price in the future" (Cleveland Plain Dealer, 10-12- 52). The Von Bonin Plan A 'survey of present trends in the Ger- man armed forces would be incomplete Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 without reference to the so-called "af- fair von Bonin." In 1955, Col. Bogislav von Bonin, working in the West German Defense Ministry, proposed a new strat- egy for the German armed forces which created a great stir in Germany and among Allied military officials. Von Bonin declared that the NATO concept of mobile strategy was ill suited for Germany. He stated that Western plan- ning concentrated on the defense of other countries in Western Europe at the ex- pense of Western Germany. NATO plans, he alleged, made it inevitable that West Germany would be turned into a major battlefield while NATO forces would, if necessary, withdraw behind the Rhine and regroup there. Von Bonin also declared that the plans for twelve German divisions would represent "an offensive force." By this he did not want to imply that it intended to take the ini- tiative by attacking the Soviet bloc, but rather that it was offensive minded. In other words, von Bonin was stating that from a military point of view the NATO strategy would sacrifice the substance of Western Germany and invite attack from the East. On the basis of these criticisms and on the allegation that Western Germany was not capable for the time being to produce and support twelve divisions, he recommended a "purely defensive strategy." This would entail the station- ing of anti-tank combat groups along the 500 mile long interzonal frontiers. These groups would be aligned in depth with a national militia to repel mass in- fantry attacks and six armored divisions to mop up any enemy armored break through. The force required would consist of roughly 150,000 men. It would be purely a German force and would operate sep- arately from NATO units beyond the Rhine. Moreover, it would be exclusively composed of professional volunteer sol- diers. The von Bonin plan does not merely constitute a military concept di- rectly opposed to the ideas of NATO but also involves considerations of high politics. In other words, it is a political- military proposition so characteristic of much of the planning of the old GGS. The political aspect of the von Bonin plan is probably more significant than his military proposals. Basically the po- litical goal is to develop the kind of mili- tary force which could perpetuate and consolidate the rebirth of the German military while, at the same time, to open up possibilities for negotiations with the Russians. As the Manchester Guardian (4-14-55) noted: "Von Bonin's plats could be held to assist a political devel- npmrent in which the West German army would gradually overhaul, balance, and then become superior to the existing cadre army of the People's Police in Eastern Germany. This three-year process would give the Rlirsians plenty of opportunities o f making a firm and fair offer to end the cold tear in Central Europe and so a/lorn the reunification--'in peace and fnaedom,' as Dr. Adenauer would have it-of the whole of Germany." The Political Objective Von Bonin believed that the NATO strategy would destroy the possibilities of a reunified Germany with its own national army. lie envisaged instead the kind of military setup which would not appear to be offensive to the Russians on the one hand but would also form the nucleus of a larger army if and when this would be required. The British writer Dennis Healey, writing in the New Leader (5-9-55) observed that von Bonin's plan had, in reality, little to do with the defense of West Germany in NATO. `"It is to produce the sort Of lI"eat German army which can at any moment be taken out of NATO and merged with East German forces to serve for the defense of a neutral united Ger- many.'.' In analyzing von Bonin's plan and objectives, Mr. Healey made refer- ence to the work of General von Seeckt who was responsibel for the revival of the German army in spite of the limita- tions imposed upon it by the Versailles Treaty. Von Sccckt, a typical member of the GGS devoted entirely to its cause, left no stone unturned in the effort to build up Germany's military might. He engineered secret agreements with the new Bolshevik regime in Moscow which enabled the German army to train per- sonnel in Russia. Von Seeckt strongly b licved in close understanding and co- operation with the Russians as a means of reviving Germany's power and as a counterweight against the West. Speaking about von Bonin's plans, Mr. 1-lcaley says, if they come true "It is poos- srble to see ,on Bonin playing the role of a ton Sceckt as commander of the forces of a united Germany and seeking Soviet help to evade any provisions for keeping Germany weak and neutral." Like von Seeckt, von Bonin has been ,'rongly attached to the traditions of the GGS. He was the son of a Potsdam of- ficer and belonged to the elite of the officer corps. According to the memoirs of the German General Faber du Faur, von Bonin typifies the spirit of Potsdam in its highest form. Describing a meeting with von Bonin, General du Faur writes: "He (von Bo- nin) told me and his comrades at our officers mess in Potsdam while his blue eyes had a far off look so that they were only seemingly held in place by his own eyelashes, that only Hitler could save us " von Bonin joined the Nazi party after I litler came to power. Prof. Gordon Craig, in his study of NATO and the new German army (Princeton Univer- sity) notes that von Bonin "had been a fervid supporter of Hill-r during most (if the war." Von Bonin's plan was not the product of a disgruntled officer who was out for personal publicity. On the contrary, it reflected a very strong undercurrent of dissatisfaction among German military leaders who resented any thought that Germany's own interest might be sub- ordinated to the general plans for the defense of Western Europe. A number of German generals had no use for the original EDC setup which would have integrated German armed forces contin- gents within an overall western defense pattern. They preferred a national Ger- man army and General Hans Speidel who now holds a key po:t in, NATO, shared these views. It is' also a fact that the von Bonin plan which was presented to the German Defense Ministry in July, 1954, was not immediately rejected. More than four months elapsed before von Bonin found himself at "odd,;" with his military su- periors. His plan was rejected on tech- nical grounds and he was obliged to re- sign from his office. That his plan re- ceived favorable support in the German military setup is shown by the fact that leading generals and military writers came to his defense. Field Marshal von Manstein, one of Hitler's military strate- gists in World War 11, expressed h~s sympathy and support. This same gentle- man now advises the German Defen-e Ministry in matters pertaining to German war plans. Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Von Bonin "Out" - -His Plan "In" Leading officials in NATO sighed with relief when von Bonin was dismissed but it seems to us that their optimism was unwarranted. All indications now seem to point to the fact that the von Bonin plan has not been junked. Indeed, from what has been said and done by Defense Minister Strauss it would appear that the von Bonin plan is the essence of the new German strategy. The similarity between von Bonin's and Herr Strauss' attitudes toward key military questions is striking. Just as von. Bonin tried to discredit the EDC, so did Herr Strauss describe it as "a device for recruiting a German suicide squad to cover the retreat Of the NATO forces in the event of a Soviet attack." At noted above, von Bonin protested the NATO strategy alleging that it would sacrifice Germany. Strauss, too, has bit- terly criticized NATO planning. Time Magazine (10-29-56) reported Strauss insisting that the new German army must "be as independent as possible, be- cause he felt that the NATO strategy was not in Germany's best interests." A subsequent criticism of NATO made by Herr Strauss, was reported in the London Daily Express. (1-7-57): "It is intoler- able that we Germans should be the bow- and-arrow footsloggers for the American atomic knights on horseback. According to latest reports, Strauss in- tends to build up anti-tank units that will stand guard over West Germany's eastern frontier. As though he were talk- ing to the Russians, he said that these units were "purely defensive. It couldn't be considered a threat by anyone" (Re- porter Magazine, 4-18-57). This was pre- cisely von Bonin's idea and, as advocated by von Bonin, West Germany's Defense Minister also envisaged the creation of a larger German force that would take care of the interior zone of West Germany. This would not require the twelve divi- sions which had been originally planned and promised by Chancellor Adenauer. It is now common knowledge that Strauss has cast aside these promises (New York Times, 4-15-57). Strauss now conceives of a small professional army consisting of approximately 150,000 men. This is the kind of force which, according to the Christian Science Monitor (3-21-57), might be "acceptable" to the Russians and could be a factor in helping to bring about the reunification of Germany. While the army will be predominantly professional and comparatively small in numbers, just as the old Wehrmacht under von Seeckt, its possibilities for ex- pansion are beyond question. By the same token it is a setup which offers great opportunities to do business with the Russians in the old von Sceckt tradition. Defense Minister Strauss Speaks The political character of the "new thinking" with regard to the German army was outlined by Strauss in a rather sensational article which appeared in a German weekly review that is closely associated with the Bonn Government. As noted by the New York Times cor- respondent (2-0-57), Herr Strauss' ar- ticle outlines "the basic prerequisites for a return to the Bismarckian policy of strength and the use of this policy to force the western and eastern powers to reunify Germany." Strauss emphasises, as did von Bonin, that the West German army should be used as a bargaining counter. A united and rearmed Germany, Strauss writes, must decide its own future and if the Germans desire to break away from the western alliance nothing can be done to prevent it. He insists that the Bonn Gov- ernment must conduct its diplomacy in such a way as to make Germany "so indispensable to its western friends and so responsible for the potential enemy that both sides would find it worthwhile to talk with Germany." The potential power of the new German army, accord- ing to Strauss, would give the Germans a real opportunity to be heard. Thus, it is clear that the grand strategy of the Defense Minister points toward the es- tablishment of a powerful, rearmed, re- united Germany which could be realized through the old game of playing off East and West against each other. The "]Eastern" Set-Up We have devoted much of this article to military developments in Wept Ger- many primarily because there is more information available as compared with the Eastern Zone. However, it would l:e wrong, in our opinion, to underrate what is occurring in the eastern zone and the connecting links between military devel- opments there and in West Germany. Speaking in the House of Commons in 1951, the noted British MP R. H. Gross- man said, "There is no doubt about it that there is a great knowledge of what is going on in both parts of Germany owing to the fact that German generals on both sides exchange information." In this connection we would remind our readers of the "pioneering" work done by the so-called Bruderschaft organized in early 1950. In the No. 37. issue of Prevent World War III we described the Bruderschaft organization and noted that it was establishing contacts with the military authorities in the eastern zone. In July, 1950, one of the leaders of the Bruderschaft, Franke-Greiksch, declared in Frankfurt, "I have succeeded in enter- ing into good relations with the Soviets." The French newspaper L'Aube reported that conversations had taken place be- tween Franke-Greiksch and the chief of the peoples police of East Germany un- der which all former German officers who were not placed in the West Ger- man army, would be accepted in the East German army. The ties between the GGS and the Soviets have a long history which we need not go into here. However, it should' be noted that towards the col- lapse of Germany in World War II a memorandum issued by the GGC advo- cated a close cooperation between the Soviets and the Germans. We can also point out to the fact that the late Field Marshal von Paulus, a favorite of the Soviet General Staff after his capture at Stalingrad, worked diligently to cement relations between German officers in the East and in the West. In February, 1955, von Paulus organized a get-together of East and West German officers, including a number of generals who pledged to work for the "glory of the Fatherland.". As in the case of the West German army, the eastern setup is also heavily dominated by former members of the GGS. More than one half of all of the German generals in the Soviet zone come from the old Wehrmacht. It is estimated that of 1500 staff officers 30 per cent were members of Hitler's Wehrmacht. At least 7 of the 30 generals were former members of the GGS. At this point we would not want to make a final judgment with regard to the nature and direction of German mil- itary developments. Yet, the trends are not at all assuring, We say this bearing in mind the tens of millions of people who have suffered by the ruthless wars conceived of and directed by Germany's General Staff. Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-013158000400480017-1 9rrAidQ gjvcmr~. PLANNING FOR THE DAY "Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's followers deliber- ately sabotaged a Government atomic-powered bill because they feared it would stop the West German armed forces from having nuclear weapons. .. They killed a constitutional amendment pro- viding for the development of nuclear power for 'peaceful purposes' .. . "Parliamentary sources said the rebels (Adenauer's followers) ... had in mind the possibility that some day West Germany would want to make its own atomic weapons, which would be impossible if the Constitution provided only for peaceful use of nuclear power." (A. P., 7-2-57) * PFERDMENGES' "THOROUGHBRED" "... To most, his name. Dr. Robert Pferdmenges, means nothing. And in seven years in the German Parliament, he has yet to make a speech. "Yet Pferdmenges' office in Room 102 H is one of the most important in the capital. For Pferdmenges is Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's closest friend and most trusted adviser ... "Plerdmenges is that rarest of rarities--a successful amateur politician. Professionally he is one of Ger- many's most powerful, and wealthiest, bankers--part owner and manager of the famous Salomon Oppen- heim banking house which financed Ruhr industry between wars . . . "Asked his views of Adenauer's prospects, Pferd- menges replied positively: 'He's still the best horse in our stable. And he will be elected Chancellor again next September. " (Newsweek, 4-1-57) THOSE "HELPFUL" GERMANS "The future of the tiny sun-baked port of Elath and a sit-mile strip of Israeli coastline are at stake in the current United Nations debate on Israel. "Elath and the coastal strip lie at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba, a narrow 100-mile long body of water that extends north from the Red Sea between Egypt's Sinai Peninsula to the West and the Arabian Penin- sula to the East .. . "With the help of German advisers, the Egyptians established at Ras Nusrani a coastal battery that com- pletely commands the narrow strait ..." (Hanson W. Baldwin, N. Y. Times, 3-2-57) * "SOLIDARITY FOREVER' "The 'Sudenten German Association' which is the representative body of 2,000,000 ethnic Germans from Czechoslovakia who were expelled to West Germany after the war,. has publicly declared its solidarity with Hermann Krumey, the ex SS leader arrested here for having been instrumental in the deportation of several 100,000 Hungarian Jews to the Nazi death camps. "A statement in which the politically influential or- ganization refuses to disavow Krumey was adopted by the presidium of the Waldeck 'Sudeten German Association' of which Krumey has been chairman for several years. In the town of Korbach, a dozen miles from the huge concentration camp he obtained a gov- ernmental refugee loan and therewith built up a pros- pering business as druggist and merchant, without changing his name or concealing his record. "For a time Krumey was the agent in Vienna of the notorious SS Colonel Karl Adolf Eichmann, chief ex- terminator of European Jewry. In March, 1944, he was assigned to Budapest, where he selected the Budapest 'Jewish Council,' arranged the mass deportations to Auschwitz and signed the notices ordering Jews to appear for 'resettlement, " . . . U. T. A.. 5-9-57) * RED CHINA'S TRADE PARTNER "West Germany, Communist China's biggest West- ern trade partner, followed Britain's lead and abol- ished special restrictions on trade with the Peiping government. The Bonn government is the seventh to break away from the U. S. position . . ." (N. Y. World-Telegram and Sun, 6-21-57) NAZIS AT WORK * "The German police announced that eighty grave stones marking Jewish graves were overturned last night in the foreign cemetery here. A straw figure was hung from a second Jewish memorial. Across its breast was the inscription 'Germany awake, Israel perish.' The police suspected that radical-rightist political groups were responsible." (A. P., 4-20-57) RESURGENCE "Church and civic leaders are expressing alarm at the outburst of anti-Semitic feeling and Nazi flag- waving recently displayed in various parts of Ger- many. Bishop Otto Dibelius, head of the German Evangelical Church, warned that recent desecration of Jewish cemeteries in West Germany indicated a 're- growth of anti-Semitic tendencies."' (Reuters, 5-25-57) "MODERN WISE MEN" Fistbelti, N. E. A. Service Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-013158000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 LIKE "OLD TIMES" "Military leaders of Japan and West Germany con- ferred today for the first time since the two nations were allies in World. War II. "Informed sources said the meeting resulted in agreement to establish mutual exchanges on military matters. "The meeting was between Gen. Keizo Hayashi, chairman of the Joint Staff Council of the Japanese Defense Forces, and Franz Josef Strauss, West Ger- many's Minister of Defense ..." (A. P., 5-22-57) * TOGETHER AGAIN "West Germany's big three in banking, split up under the allied decartelization program after the war, will be virtually reunified before the end of the month. "Joining of the Dresdner, Deutsche, and Commerz banks runs parallel to the remerger of the country's big industrial combines split up under the Allies' postwar 'operation Trust-Bust' . . . (N. Y. World-Telegram and Sun, 5-7-57) * AUSTRIA?-NOT YET .. . "Nationalist agitators have taken to the hustings in the hope of rekindling enthusiasm for the idea of a 'greater Germany.' "This 'Grossdeutschland' would include all the east- ern territories annexed or conquered by Hitler as of September, 1939. These territories are the Sudeten- land, the Lithuanian coastline, and the Polish Corridor. "The reannexationist ambitions of the nationalists RETURN FROM THE BRINK OF SUEZ exclude Austria on the ground that Austrians have a right to decide their own political status ..." (M. S. Handler, N. Y. Times, 4-11-57) * TELL IT TO ADENAUER- "A Cologne policeman and official of a police union has protested the appointment of former Gestapo offi- cials to responsible police jobs in the German states and cities. "Georg Buerke, chairman of the local police division of the Public Services Union, termed 'intolerable' the appointment of ex-Gestapo men to executive positions in the police hierarchy. He said the trade unions would never agree that such people were 'acceptable' for top jobs. (J. T. A., 5-13-57) CARING FOR THE GESTAPO "Even though Gestapo service was hitherto ex- cluded from the scope of a general pension law passed some years ago, the Hesse Administrative Court has, in effect, removed the 'discrimination' against Gestapo officials and put them on almost the same footing as other public officials with respect to pension benefits." U. T. A., 2-14-57) "WE FORGET AT OUR PERIL" "There have been far too many post-war books, films, and plays written to expound the thesis that the Germans, though misguided and misled, were in the main honest manly types who fought the good fight like any Christian soldier; I do not want to run the risk of seeming to belong to.this gang .. . "You will recall a remarkable discovery we made when we conquered Germany-that there were actually no Nazis there at all, just millions of `decent Germans' suffering terribly because of the awful things they'd been made to do by other people . . "Why the Western world should be avid to swallow this particular brand of eye-wash, no man can say. For Nazi Germany was not a nation of honest dupes and simple soldiers: they knew, all of them, exactly what they wanted, and they were prepared to go to any lengths to get it. Until they were beaten (when all colours change overnight) they were total enthusiasts for world-domination, ' whole- hearted agents of a hideous tyranny which, if not finally checked, would have brought the curtain down on human freedom for genera- tions to come. "They sing sweetly now (and others sing for them): everything now is love, and hands- across-the-trenches. It was, in fact, all a fright- ful mistake. But twice in this century it has been a mistake: twice these people, and no other, have engulfed the world in misery and blood- shed, in pursuit of their dream of power. The mistake, of course, then as now, was in losing. We forget this at our peril." (Introduction by Nicholas Monsarrat to "U-BOAT 977," by Heinz Schaeffer) Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1 LOW'S COUNT ON EGYPT'S ATTITUDE "... At Munich, Chamberlain saw only the risks associated with participating in little wars and forgot that as England abandoned strong points it was more and more exposed to the danger of a world war. America must not make the same error. America must support the out- posts of the West such as Israel, whose security and integrity are essential to American strategic interests and to American strategic needs. Tradi- tionally, the United States has been on the side of the underdog. Israel is a small, democratic nation which has hoped for freedom and needs American support for survival. The United States cannot afford to abandon Israel and the values and achievements which it represents." (Hon. James Roosevelt, Congressional Record, 5-6-57) ` . . . We have fallen into what may prove to have been an irreparable error in the way we took our stand on the Anglo-French- Israeli intervention. Instead of insisting from the outset that their attack was provoked by Nasser, and that the intervention and the provocations must be cured together, we have insisted that the intervention must be liquidated first before the causes which provoked it are dealt with. We put all our pressure on Britain, France and Israel. We put no pressure on Nasser, and we have cleared Egypt without obtaining any serious assurances from anybody-from Nasser, from Krishna Menon, or from the Soviets-that this would not bring about a return to the status quo ante from which the explosion erupted... . (Walter Lippmann, N. Y. Herald Tribune, March, 19571 Approved For Release 2006/11/21: CIA-RDP88-01315R000400480017-1