THE OAS CHRONICLE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88-01315R000400130006-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 32
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 29, 2004
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: April 1, 1966
• Content Type: BOOK

Volume I
Number 5
April 1966
Appro
P A N
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Secretary General: Jose A. Mora
Assistant Secretary General: William Sanders
"The OAS Chronicle" is a bi-monthly publication of the
Pan American Union, the purpose of which is to provide a
source of up-to-date information for the Foreign Offices,
the diplomatic corps, interested institutions, and persons
specializing in inter-American affairs on major inter-
American events and to make available to them the texts
of important official documents. "The OAS Chronicle" is
published in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. The Pan
American Union Office in Brazil will print the Portuguese
edition.
General Director: Arturo Morales Carrion
Technical Director: Carlos Urrutia Aparicio
Chairman: Arturo Morales Carri6n, Special Advisor to the Secretary General
Adviser: Assistant Secretary for Educational, Cultural, and
Scientific Affairs
Walter J. Sedwitz, Assistant Secretary for Economic and Social Affairs
Luis Raul Betances, Director, Departmentof Administrative Affairs
Francisco Garcia Amador, Director, Department of Legal Affairs
Santiago Ortiz, Director, Office of Council and Conference Secretariat
Services
Miguel Armguren, Director a.i., Department of Public Information
Secretary: Enrique Abal, Special Assistant, OAS Program of Public Affairs
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INTRODUCTION
When this fifth number went to press, the work of the Special
Committee charged with preparing a preliminary draft proposal on
amendments to the Charter of the Organization in Panama had not
yet been completed, nor had the Inter-American Economic and
Social Council finished its work in Buenos Aires. Both the Panama
and Buenos Aires meetings will leave a lasting imprint on the
inter-American system, since they will leave it better equipped to
meet the current and future requirements of the regional community
of nations. The system is now undergoing an important process of
reform, which is to culminate in the Third Special Inter-American
Conference to be held in Buenos Aires next July.
The fifth number contains important references to the Fourth
Meeting of the Inter-American Cultural Council, held at the head-
quarters of the OAS last January, the most recent activities of the
Pan American Institute of Geography and History and the Inter-
American Children's Institute, the Dominican situation, and the
technical electoral missions sent by the Organization to the
Dominican Republic and Costa Rica. Included also is the resolution
adopted by the Council of the QAS on the agreements reached at
the so-called Tricontinental Conference, held in Havana at the
beginning of the year. The section on Documents contains the
agreement signed February 23 at San Salvador, El Salvador,
between the OAS and the Organization of Central American States
(ODECA); the declaration signed at the meeting of the Inter-Ameri-
can Cultural Council; and the most important resolutions adopted
by the OAS Council in January, February, and March.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION ................................................ I
POLITICAL-JURIDICAL AFFAIRS
The Special Committee of Panama ................................... 1
Venezuela Subscribes the Final Act of Rio ............................. 1
The Dominican Situation .......................................... 1
Council Activities ............................................... 2
Denunciation of Peru .......................................... 2
Resolution ................................................. 3
The Security Committee .......................................... 3
Agreements and Treaties ......................................... 4
Electoral Technical Assistance ..................................... 4
Dominican Republic ........................................... 4
Costa Rica ................................................. 4
Juridical Committee ............................................ 5
EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND CULTURE
Fourth Meeting of the Inter-American Cultural Council ..................... 6
Agenda .................................................... 6
Participants and Officers ....................................... 6
Declaration on Education, Science, and Culture ......................... 7
Recommendations of the Study Committees ............................ 8
Education .................................................... 8
Science ..................................................... 9
Advanced Training of Science Teachers .............................. 9
Algebra Course .............................................. 9
Institute for Teachers and Professors of Physics ....................... 9
Latin American Manpower Program ................................ 9
Recent Publications ........................................... 9
Scientific Monograph Program .................................... 9
Culture ..................................................... 9
Inter-American Music Education Institute ............................ 9
IA-ECOSOC Meetings in Buenos Aires ................................ 10
CIAP Estimates External Financing Requirements ........................ 11
Other CIAP Activities ........................................... 11
Meeting of Ministers of Labor ...................................... 11
Pan American Institute of Geography and History ......................... 12
Mission and Organization ....................................... 12
Commission on Cartography ...................................... 12
Commission on Geography ....................................... 13
Commission on History ......................................... 14
Inter-American Children's Institute .................................. 14
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Final Act (Second Special Inter-American Conference)
Statement of Venezuela ......................................... 15
Inter-American Cultural Council
Inter-American Declaration on Education, Science and Culture .............. 15
OAS Council .................................................. 18
The OAS and ODECA ............................................ 25
Agreement between the Organization of American States and the
Organization of Central American States ............................ 25
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POLITICAL JURIDICAL AFFAIRS
On January 11 last, the Council of the
Organization of American States adopted a
resolution to convoke a meeting, beginning
February 25, 1966, in Panama City, Republic
of Panama, of the Special Committee for the
preparation of a preliminary draft proposal
on amendments to the Charter of the Organi-
zation. The convocation was issued in com-
pliance with Resolution 1.2 of the Final Act
of the Second Special Inter-American Confer-
ence, whose text is as follows:
"To entrust to a Special Committee, com-
posed of representatives of each of the
member states, the preparation of a pre-
liminary draft proposal on amendments to
the Charter of the Organization. The
Council of the Organization of American
States shall convoke the aforesaid Com-
mittee to meet in Panama and shall re-
ceive its conclusions. The Council shall
refer these to the governments together
with its observations, if any, at least 60
days before the Inter-American Confer-
ence to be convoked in accordance with
paragraph 1 is held."
The inaugural session of the Special Com-
mittee was held February 26 in the Legislative
Palace of the Republic of Panama. Opening
addresses were delivered by Mr. Fernando
Eleta Almarfin, Minister of Foreign Affairs
of Panama; Ambassador Ilmar Penna
Marinho, Chairman of the Council of the
Organization of American States; and Dr.
Jos6 A. Mora, Secretary General of the
Organization of American States. Ambas-
sador Carlos Becerra, Chairman of the
Argentine Delegation, spoke on behalf of the
visiting delegations.
VENEZUELA SIGNS
THE FINAL ACT OF RIO
The Final Act of the Second Special Inter-
American Conference, which was signed No-
vember 30, 1965, at Rio de Janeiro, was
signed at the Pan American Union by Dr.
Enrique Tejera Parfs, Ambassador, Repre-
sentative of Venezuela on the Council of the
Organization, on behalf of his government on
February 18, 1966,with the following state-
ment:
"Venezuela places on record that Resolu-
tion XXVI, 'Informal Procedure on the
Recognition of De Facto Governments',
does not comprise fully all the phases
involved in the protection of the principle
stated formally in Article 5.d of the Char-
ter of the Organization of American
States."
Tenth Meeting of Consultation
The Tenth Meeting of Consultation of
Ministers of Foreign Affairs held its twenty-
third plenary session, which was not open
to the public, on February 18. The session
was convoked at the initiative of the Special
Delegate of Uruguay, Ambassador Emilio
Oribe, and its purpose was informative, that
is to say, to report on the latest events in
the Dominican Republic to the Special Delega-
tions.
On February 14, the Ad Hoc Committee
reported to the Tenth Meeting of Consultation
that it was continuing to give Provisional
President Hector Garcfa Godoy its full sup-
port and wholehearted cooperation in his
efforts to maintain peace and law and order
and to carry out the preparatory work for
the elections that are to be held in June.
In January 1966, the relative calm pre-
vailing in the Dominican Republic was inter-
rupted by armed conflicts, sporadic attacks
by terrorists, demonstrations, and a general
strike. The most serious incident was the
general strike, which began February 10 and
continued until February 17. Almost all the
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business establishments and government of-
fices closed their doors; public transporta-
tion was paralyzed; and all normal activities
in Santo Domingo ceased almost completely.
The strike resulted in many acts of violence,
during which it was necessary to mobilize
the Dominican police, and on a few occasions,
upon request, some units of the Inter-Ameri-
can Peace Force.
When the strike ended on February 17 and
the political-military crisis was later settled,
the Provisonal Government concentrated on
creating a climate favorable to the forth-
coming election campaign. The Provisional
President not only urged that rules of con-
duct be established for the Dominican police
and armed forces during the campaign, but
requested that certain units of the Inter-
American Peace Force be transferred from
the downtown section of Santo Domingo, where
they were stationed. The Ad Hoc Committee
was happy to inform the President of the
Dominican Republic that measures had been
taken to station almost all units of the Inter-
American Peace Force outside the city limits
by March 1 (Report of the Ad Hoc Committee
to the Tenth Meeting of Consultation, dated
March 3, 1966).
Commission on Human Rights
Between January and March of this year,
the Inter-American Commission on Human
Rights continued its activities in the Domini-
can Republic. Dr. Manuel Bianchi, Chairman
of the Commission, and Drs. Carlos Alberto
Dunshee de Abranches and Daniel Hugo
Martins, members, represented the Com-
mission in the Dominican Republic.
During this time, the Commission con-
tinued to receive reports and complaints of
acts allegedly in violation of human rights,
which indicated an increase in acts of vio-
lence, especially of the terrorist type. In
all these cases, the Commission transmitted
the reports received to the competent author-
ities and requested of them the necessary
information to clear up the acts reported and
enforce observance of, and respect for, the
rights concerned. As stated in one of the re-
ports received by the Commission: The most
common motive for the acts of violence re-
ported is political or ideological. A few
cases involve personal vengeance." In many
cases, the Commission helped to see that
the lives of individuals who alleged that they
were victims of arbitrary arrest, persecu-
tion, or threats of death were respected.
The Commission had several talks with
the President of the Republic, judicial author-
ities, and other officials, for the purpose of
fulfilling their mission more effectively. The
Commission made a point of informingthem-
selves on the development of the administra-
tion of justice in the country in order to be
able to evaluate better the human-rights
situation in the Dominican Republic.
The Commission continued to make trips
to various places in the interior of the country.
On these trips, the members of the Commis-
sion were accompanied by a government
judicial representative so that they could
carry out their mission without having to
notify the local authorities first.
Since the electoral process provided for
in Articles 49 and 51 of the Institutional Act
began on March 1 in the Dominican Republic,
the Commission gave careful consideration
to those rights directly related to voting, of
which the most important are freedom of
expression, association and assembly, free-
dom of movement, as well as respect for
political ideas and guarantees of a free,
universal, and secret vote.
On January 19, 1966, Ambassador Juan
Bautista de Lavalle, Representative of Peru
on the Council of the OAS, requested, on be-
half of his government, the convocation of a
special meeting of the Council of the Organi-
zation to formulate a denunciation on the
violation of the principle of nonintervention,
set forth in the Charter of the Organization
of American States and confirmed by the
General Assembly of the United Nations in
its Resolution 2131 (XX), adopted at the
session held December 21, 1965. The convo-
cation was seconded by the Ambassadors,
Representatives of Colombia and Venezuela
in notes dated January 23 and 24, respectively.
At the special meetings held by the Council
on January 24 and 28 and February 2, state-
ments were made by the representatives of all
the member states of the Organization, and
it was considered that the final resolutions on
financial, political, and military assistance
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to Communist subversive movements in the
Western Hemisphere and in other parts of
the world, adopted at the so-called conference
of solidarity among the peoples of Asia,
Africa, and Latin America, held at Havana
in the first half of January 1966, in which
delegates from the Soviet Union, Communist
China, Cuba, and other states participated,
were a violation of the principle of noninter-
vention, since, as a result of the conference,
a permanent committee of twelve members
as well as a special organization for the
promotion of subversion, terrorism, and
civil war in the hemisphere were established
in Havana.
In view of the above considerations, a
resolution was adopted at a meeting of the
Council of the OAS in the afternoon of Feb-
ruary 2, the operative part of which reads
as follows:
"1. To condenm emphatically the policy
of intervention and aggression of the com-
munist states and other participating
countries and groups, manifested in the
discussions and decisions of the so-called
conference of solidarity among the peoples
of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, held
in Havana during the first two weeks of
January.
of the indirect forms of aggression, such
as the promotion of civil strife in another
state, or the organization of armed bands
and the furnishing of war material or
elements of combat and of money with
offensive intentions against another.
"4. To proclaim the American states'
reiterated adherence to the principles
of nonintervention and self-determination
of peoples set forth in the Charter of the
Organization and in Resolution 2131 (XX),
of December 21, 1965, of the United
Nations General Assembly.
"5. To call upon the `Special Committee
to study Resolutions 11. 1 and VIII of the
Eighth Meeting of Consultation of Minis-
ters of Foreign Affairs' to make an urgent
study and investigation of the delibera-
tions, conclusions, and projections of the
so-called conference of solidarity among
the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin
America, held in Havana, and to submit
a report to the Council of the Organiza-
tion along with such recommendations as
it deems pertinent.
"6. To request the Secretary General
of the Organization of American States 3
to transmit this resolution to the Sec-
retary-General of the United Nations,
with a request that he distribute it among
the member states."
"2. To denounce especially, as an act
contrary to the peace and security of the
hemisphere and in violation of the princi-
ples of the Charter of the United Nations
and of Resolution 2131 (XX), of December
21, 1965, the open participation at the
aforesaid Havana Conference of official
or officially sponsored delegations of
member states of the United Nations that
also voted in favor of the aforementioned
resolution.
"3. To declare, in accordance with the
Charter of the United Nations and Resolu-
tion 2131 (XX), of December 21, 1965,
adopted by the General Assembly of the
United Nations, and also in conformity
with the Charter of the Organization of
American States and resolutions of the
Inter-American Conferences and Meet-
ings of Consultation of Ministers of For-
eign Affairs, that a state is responsible
not only for the open use of force against
another but also for giving support to any
The Special Committee to which para-
graph 5 of the resolution refers, composed
of the Representatives of Argentina, Colom-
bia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guate-
mala, Panama, Peru, and the United States,
are now working on the preparation of the re-
port requested by the Council of the OAS.
THE SECURITY COMMITTEE
The Special Consultative Committee on
Security began its Sixth Regular Meeting at
its headquarters, the Pan American Union,
on February 28, 1966.
This meeting of the Committee was orig-
inally scheduled for the second half of April
1966. The date was put forward in view of
the importance attributed by the Committee
to the so-called conference of solidarity of
the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin
America, held in Havana, Cuba, in the first
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half of January, since it considers that
conference to be a threat to international
peace and security.
In addition to studying the plans of the
conference held in Havana and their possible
effects on the American nations, the Com-
mittee will consider other matters that were
agreed on as part of the agenda to be taken
up during the Sixth Regular Meeting.
Deposit of Instrument of Ratification
On November 16, 1965, the Government
of Brazil deposited its instrument of ratifi-
cation of the American Treaty on Pacific
Settlement (Pact of Bogota), which was signed
April 30, 1948, at the Ninth International
Conference of American States, held in
Bogota, Colombia, from March 30 to May 2
of that year. The instrument of ratification
was dated November 9, 1965.
Agreement Between the OAS and ODECA
The Organization of American States
(OAS) and the Organization of Central Ameri-
can States (ODECA) signed an agreement that
establishes more formally, on a broader and
more effective basis, the relations of coop-
eration existing between the two organiza-
tions since 1961, at which time they entered
into an agreement at the Secretariat level
in conformity with standards approved by the
Council of the OAS in 1954.
The agreement was signed February 23,
1966, at ODECA headquarters in San Salvador,
Republic of El Salvador, by Dr. Jos6 A. Mora,
Secretary General of the OAS, and Dr. Albino
Roman y Vega,Secretary General of the Or-
ganization of Central American States.
Dominican Republic
In conformity with the request sent by the
Provisional Government of the Dominican
Republic to the General Secretariat of the
Organization for its cooperation "in the pre-
paration and process of the elections that
are to return the country to constitutional
normalcy," the Secretary General appointed
Messrs. Eduardo Arroyo Lameda, Richard
M. Scammon, and Juan Pedro Zeballos to
provide the Dominican Government with tech-
nical services in the electoral field.
On January 27, 1966, Messrs. Arroyo
Lameda and Zeballos transmitted their re-
port directly to Dr. H6ctor Garcfa Godoy,
Provisional President of the Dominican Re-
public. On February 14, Mr. Scammon sent
a communication to the Dominican Govern-
ment expressing his agreement with the
contents of the report of January 27.
The report states that the Electoral Tech-
nical Mission first examined the Institutional
Act and other constitutional and legal provi-
sions now in force in the Dominican Republic,
as well as the Book of Instruction that
governed the action of the military elements
and police in 1962 and the Instructions for
election Boards that were also in effect that
year.
Upon their arrival in Santo Domingo, the
members of the Mission placed themselves at
the disposal of the Central Election Board,
under whose direction and authority the elec-
tions of June 1 are to be held. The members
of the Board immediately lent their coopera-
tion, providing the Mission with a copy of the
ballot that the Board will distribute to voters
for the elections in June 1966. Also, at the
request of the Mission, the Board provided
the members with a report of the proposed
measures and programs for the forthcoming
elections, and the cooperation expected from
the Technical Mission was discussed.
In the opinion of the Mission, the Domini-
can election system is acceptable, and under
it the elections can be held in a satisfactory
manner. The Mission noted that both the
conduct of the election campaign and freedom
of suffrage are protected by laws now in
force (Articles 92 to 98 and 111 to 118 of
Law No. 5,884). The Technical Mission noted
the desirability of widespread distribution of
the Booklet of Instructions for the voter in
order to prevent coercion and other illegal
interference by the military and the police
during the election campaign and the election
itself, and in the counting of ballots.
Costa Rica
In accordance with a request submittedby
the Government of Costa Rica to the General
Secretariat of the Organization on January 6,
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1966, for a group of observers to be sent to
Costa Rica to witness the conduct of the
presidential and legislative elections that
were going to be held there on February 6,
the Secretary General of the Organization
instructed that an Electoral Technical As-
sistance Mission, composed of Drs. Vfctor
F. Goytfa, Justino Jimenez de Arechaga, and
Henry Wells, be sent.
On February 9, the Electoral Technical
Mission transmitted its report to Mr. Fran-
cisco J. Orlich, President of Costa Rica,
directly. The report is divided into four
parts, in which the work and comments of
the Mission are set forth. These include
"the holding of interviews with representa-
tives figures of all the political parties
participating in the election; the study of
the constitutional, legal and regulatory pro-
visions applicable to the electoral process;
direct examination of the operation of the
electoral offices during the pre-election
process, and personal observation of the
election itself in various areas of Costa
Rica, as well as of the activity carried out
by the Supreme Election Tribunal after the
polls were closed." Moreover, while the
Mission was in Costa Rica (January 31-
February 9), they got in touch with persons
of all social classes in order to obtain
complete information on the elections, with
special attention being given to the activity
of the parties and their publicity in the press
and on radio and television.
The Mission pointed out, in Chapter I on
election laws, that "the system of laws and
regulations governing electoral acts is com-
posed of provisions contained chiefly in the
Constitution now in force (November 7, 1949),
as amended, the law establishing the Supreme
Election Tribunal and the Civil Register, the
Election Code, and the administrative regula-
tions issued on the basis of such laws" and
went on to say that "in short, the Mission
considers that the Republic of Costa Rica
.has an election system that meets the condi-
tions required, in theory, for representative
democratic government." However, the Mis-
sion suggested certain changes in order to
improve it, and expressed the belief that it
would be useful to disseminate the system
"in order to encourage other countries of
the regional organization to alter their own
laws on this important matter."
Chapter II of the Report examines the
election organization, especially with respect
to the Civil Register and the Personal Identi-
fication Card. A number of comments were
made on these two points to the effect that
the normal functioning of election activities
depended largely on the efficient operation
of the Civil Register and the Identification
Card system.
Chapter III, relating to the electoral pro-
cess, contains comments regarding the elec-
tion campaign, such as the behavior of
citizens, the conduct of the campaign by the
political leaders (tone set, cost, and length)
and, finally, on the election itself, balloting,
closing of the polls, and subsequent acts.
In Chapter IV, the Mission set forth its
general conclusions to the effect that it had
"the opportunity to witness an exemplary
expression of political democracy" and added
that "certainly the Costa Rican people have
reached such a high level of political maturity
that the only thing left is the gradual
strengthening of their constitutional system."
Finally, the Mission stated: "Like all
human activities, the Costa Rican election
system can be improved." On the basis of
their experience and observations, the Mis-
sion made certain recommendations to be
taken into account, not only in the field of
electoral legislation and organization "but
even in the smallest detail of political
practices. "
During its special meeting of March 31,
the OAS Council elected Mr. Jorge Trfas
Monge, of the United States, as a member
of the Inter-American Juridical Committee
of Rio de Janeiro. He replaced Mr. Covey
T. Oliver, present United States Ambassador
to Colombia, who had resigned. Mr. Trfas
was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and
obtained his doctorate in juridical sciences
at Yale University.
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EDUCATION, SCIENCE, AND CULTURE
FOURTH MEETING OF THE
INTER-AMERICAN CULTURAL COUNCIL
At its meeting on November 1, 1965, the
Council of the OAS adopted a resolution
expressing approval of the holding of the
Fourth Meeting of the Inter-American Cul-
tural Council at the headquarters of the
Organization, beginning on January 18, 1966.
In accordance with the Statutes of the
Cultural Council, the Committee for Cultural
Action prepared the following agenda, which
was approved by the Council of the Organi-
zation.
Agenda
I. EVALUATION, COMPARISON, AND
FINANCING OF EDUCATIONAL,
SCIENTIFIC, TECHNOLOGICAL,AND
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
A. Comparative report on education-
al, scientific, technological, and
cultural development (1963-1965).
1. Country studies.
2. Regional study.
3. Revision of questionnaires for
national reports.
B. Review and determination of re-
sponsibility, procedures, and
methodology for these studies.
C. Financing of educational, scientif-
ic, technological, and cultural de-
velopment.
1. Mobilization of internal re-
sources.
2. Contribution of external re-
sources.
Activities of the Secretariat in car-
rying out the decisions and recom-
mendations of the Inter-American
Cultural Council. Decisions of the
latter and their budgetary implica-
tions.
III. INTER-AMERICAN PROGRAMS AND
MACHINERY
A. Advisory service, training, and
technical assistance for the devel-
opment of education, science,
technology, and culture.
1. Programs of the Special Devel-
opment Assistance Fund.
2. Direct technical assistance.
3. Fellowship and Professorship
Programs.
4. Programs and funds of the In-
ter-American Cultural Coun-
cil.
B. Technical meetings recommended
by the Inter-American Cultural
Council. Analysis of results and
adoption of pertinent measures.
C. Relations and coordination of func-
tions of the Inter-American Cul-
tural Council and of the Committee
for Cultural Action with other or-
gans of the OAS.
D. Relations of the Inter-American
Cultural Council and the Commit-
tee for Cultural Action with spe-
cialized agencies of the United
Nations and with other govern-
mental and non-governmental or-
ganizations.
E. Committee for Cultural Action:
Studies, work, and new activities.
Participants and Officers
The Meeting was held at the headquarters
of the Pan American Union from January 18
to 25, 1966. Delegations of the following
countries participated: Argentina, Bolivia,
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Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Do-
minican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nica-
ragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United
States, Uruguay, and Venezuela.. Observers
from various international organizations and
agencies also participated.
Dr. Jose Manuel Siso Martfnez, Minister
of Education of Venezuela, was elected Chair-
man of the Meeting, and Dr. Ismael Antonio
Vargas, Minister of Education of Costa Rica,
Vice Chairman. Two study committees were
appointed, which were divided into four
working groups.
At the inaugural session, addresses were
delivered by Dr. Jose A. Mora, Secretary
General of the OAS; Dr. Daniel Arango,
Minister of Education of Colombia; Dr.
Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa, Acting Chairman
of the Council of the OAS; and Mr. Charles
Frankel of the Delegation of the United States.
At the closing session, addresses were
delivered by Dr. Jaime Posada, OAS Assist-
ant Secretary for Education, Science, and
Culture; Dr. Patricio Rojas Saavedra, Vice
Minister of Public Education and Chairman
of the Chilean Delegation; and Dr. Siso Mar-
tfnez.
Declaration on Education,
Science, and Culture
The Inter-American Declaration on Ed-
ucation, Science, and Culture was approved
and signed by the delegations at the closing
session. This Declaration contains several
recommendations of basic standards in the
above-mentioned fields, including the fol-
lowing:
1. The primary aim of education is the
full development of each human being.
The achievement, of this purpose is of
decisive importance to the over-all devel-
opment of peoples. Therefore, it is neces-
sary to guarantee, in accordance with
constitutional provisions, equality of edu-
cational opportunities for all inhabitants,
without distinction as to race, nationality,
sex, language, creed, or social position.
2. Common or elementary basic general
education given in the corresponding
school shall be compulsory and shall be
offered to the population between 6 and 15
years of age, and when given by the state
it shall be free. The minimum period of
compulsory attendance at this level shall
be six years, but efforts shall be made to
extend it gradually to achieve greater
cultural, social, and economic develop-
ment.
3. Access to middle-level education
shall be extended to the largest possible
portion of the youthful population, in ac-
cordance with the educational planning
goals and the manpower needs of each
country.
4. Access to higher education shall be
recognized and facilitated for the qualified
population. This education should be
widened in accordance with the require-
ments of national development, in order
to take care, at the level of higher educa-
tion, of professional training; scientific,
technological, and humanistic research;
and the dissemination of culture, as well
as specialization and advanced training
of those already practicing a profession.
5. Adult education, as a permanent ac-
tivity, shall be an integral part of the
educational system and shall create op-
portunities at all levels and of all kinds
for promoting the improvement of the
living conditions of this population group.
In particular, it shall be oriented toward
community development, the elimination
of illiteracy, industrial and agricultural
training, and renewal of knowledge and
techniques, and the dissemination of cul-
ture.
6. Within their national development
plans, the member states shall formulate
sectoral plans for educational, scientific,
technological, and cultural development,
which shall be evaluated periodically.
7. Each country shall devote maximum
financial support to the education sector
and to the development of manpower re-
sources, in accordance with the priorities
established in the national development
plan.
8. Each country shall adopt a policy on
science and technology that, through ade-
quate institutions, shall encourage and
spread teaching and research and intensify
the regular and advanced training. of
scientific and technical personnel.
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Recommendations of
the Study Committees
The two Study Committees that were set
up approved the following recommendations:
To instruct the Committee for Cultural
Action to revise the technical aspects and
coordinate the various goals and plans set
forth at these technical meetings in order
to form a body of basic principles and con-
cepts in the areas of education, science, and
culture that may serve as a basis for speci-
fic plans of action at the governmental level.
Participation of education in development
plans. Establishment of administrative and
teaching corps for education. Adaptation of
the educational system to the requirements
of social change in Latin America. Responsi-
bility of the local community in public educa-
tion. Community development. Expansion and
improvement of education at the elementary
and middle levels. Modification of the method-
ology of education. Encouraging the teaching
of public administration in Latin America.
Regular and advanced training of university
professors. Promotion of reading materials
for the masses. Priorities in the OAS fellow-
ship program. Promotion of student credit.
Transmission of culture and symposia of
intellectuals. Promotion of exchanges in the
arts and humanities in the hemisphere. Broad
dissemination of cultural values. Importance
of general cultural manifestations. Promotion
of scientific and technological activities. Pro-
motion of scientific and technical personnel
training. Manpower planning and develop-
ment. Regional integration of technological
research. Perfecting scientific communica-
tion media. Textbooks and materials for
science teaching in secondary education for
the formulation of a program. Meeting of
research workers. Creation of a regional
experimental science laboratory for sec-
ondary school teachers of Central America
and Panama. Inter-American publishing es-
tablishments for the distribution, translation,
and circulation of books published in the hem-
isphere. Development of scientific research
in Latin America. Installation or enlargement
of scientific and technical documentation
centers. Proposal for the establishment of
an inter-American scientific advisory com-
mittee and its regulations. Work coordination
policy among international agencies that pro-
vide technical assistance. Scientific research
centers associated with the OAS. Promotion
and preservation of authentic folk art. Pro-
motion of training in business administration
in Latin America. Mobilization of resources
of the private sector for the construction of
school buildings. Teaching and planning of
specialized education. Inter-American tech-
nical meeting on the preservation and use
of the cultural heritage of the member states
of the OAS. Development of scientific and
technological education, and inter-American
meetings of science and technology.
Under the publishing program of the Gen-
eral Secretariat in the field of education,
several publications have appeared within the
past two months. These include the following:
"Bases del anuario comparativo del desarro-
llo de la educacibn, la ciencia y la cultura,
1964," which examines the progress achieved
in implementing the plans and programs
adopted by the several member states for
the development of education, science, and
culture and for the incorporation of these
aspects in the over-all development planning
of each country. This is a provisional edition
giving data on 15 countries. Using the com-
ments, suggestions, and guidelines received
from the governments, the General Secre-
tariat will perfect the work in order that a
Yearkbook on Education, Science, and Cul-
ture may be published regularly.
"Reuniones T6cnicas. Planeamiento de la
Educacion Media,' which contains the con-
clusions reached at the Technical Meeting
on Middle-Level Education Planning, held in
Mexico from June 14 to 26, 1965. Through
this report, the Pan American Union is
endeavoring to contribute to the study of the
problems this very interesting subject pre-
sents and to encourage the preparation of
plans and programs to expand and modernize
middle-level education.
"Prontuario de la Legislacibn Educativa de
America" (No. 4), which is an orderly presen-
tation of certain laws enacted recently in the
following countries: in Argentina (on the ope-
ration of the Superior Technical Teachers
Institute); in Brazil (on the regulations of the
law on student representation organs); in
Honduras (on the establishment of the Office
of Over-All Educational Planning); and in
Panama (on the establishment of the Man-
power Training and Utilization Institute).
"Servicios de EducaciOn T6cnica y Forma-
cibn Profesional en Argentina, Brasil, Co-
lombia, Peru y Venezuela,' describing the
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tasks to be carried out in the field of man-
power training for industry, agriculture, and
commerce in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia,
Peru, and Venezuela.
"Latin American Studies Programs andCen-
ters in U.S. Universities," which provides a
directory of the centers devoted to the study
of the economic, social, and educational
problems of Latin America in major uni-
versities in the United States.
SCIENCE
Advanced Training of Science Teachers
As part of the General Secretariat's pro-
gram to improve the teaching of science, a
center for the advanced training of teachers
in that field is in operation in Montevideo,
Uruguay. The center, which has been in ope-
ration since July 1, 1964, offers basic univer-
sity-level courses, which are, the average,
three-month courses.
Algebra Course
The Pan American Union sponsored a
course in algebra at the School of Engineering
of the University of the Republic in Monte-
video, Uruguay, which opened on January 1
and and ended on April 1, 1966. Twenty-
eight teachers from 12 member states at-
tended.
Institute for Teachers and Professors
of Physics
The General Secretariat, in cooperation
with the Universidad Mayor de San Andr6s
at La Paz and the Ministry of Education of
Bolivia, conducted a course for teachers and
professors of physics as a contribution to an
improvement in the teaching of physics in
secondary and normal schools and to en-
courage the revision of physics curricula.
Twenty-eight professors and teachers at-
tended the course, which lasted five weeks.
Latin American Manpower Program
The Pan American Union, In cooperation
with the Superintendency of Development of
the Northeast (SUDENE) of Brazil, at Recife,
Pernambuco, has offered a course for govern-
ment officials on methods employed in making
basic studies on manpower planning and de-
velopment. Thirty students from several
Latin American countries participated in the
course, which lasted five weeks.
"Concepto Moderno del Nucleo. " "Norma-
lizaci6n T&cnica en la Am6rica Latina.'
"La Emigraci6n de Recursos de Alto Nivel
y el Caso de Chile.' "Caracterfsticas de los
Institutos Latinoamericanos de Investigaci6n
T6cnol6gica." "La Enseflanza de las Ciencias
y de la Ingenierfa en la Am6rica Latina.
(ECIAL) - Informe National de Guatemala."
Scientific Monograph Program
Under the auspices of the Department of
Scientific Affairs and the National Science
Foundation of the United States, a group
of 25 outstanding Latin American and United
States scientists met at the Pan American
Union between December 13 and 15, 1965,
to evaluate the present Scientific Monograph
Program of the Department and especially
to make recommendations, keeping in mind
the offer of the National Science Foundation
to grant additional funds to expand it. The
Foundation granted $66,000 to cover the
expenses of editing, preparing, and pub-
lishing approximately 15 monographs in a 9
period of 18 months.
CULTURE
Inter-American Music Education Institute
On February 14 of this year, an agreement
was signed by the OAS and the University of
Chile governing the operation of the new Inter-
American Music Education Institute.
The Music Division of the Pan American
Union and the University of Chile initiated
special courses in March under the agree-
ment as a continuation of the movement de-
veloping out of the recommendation of the
First Inter-American Conference on Music
Education, held in Puerto Rico in 1960,
which pointed out the need of the Latin
American countries to have a center for the
training of music education teachers and
specialists, who, in turn, would later be
expected to promote music education in their
own countries, and to cooperate with the
governments in the inclusion of the music
programs that tend to develop the human
personality from elementary school to the
university.
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ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS
IA-ECOSOC MEETINGS
IN BUENOS AIRES
The Fourth Annual Meetings of the Inter-
American Economic and Social Council at the
Expert and Ministerial Levels opened in
Buenos Aires on March 15 to evaluate the
first five years of the Alliance for Progress
and to chart the course of hemispheric
development for the next five years of the
program.
The purpose of the meeting was to con-
sider the structure of internal and external
development financing, including the struc-
ture of the external debt, and the flow of
public and private capital; foreign trade
problems, including barriers to the expansion
and diversification of exports, progress and
obstacles in regional economic integration,
10
trends in export prices, limitations on access
to external markets, and measures to pro-
mote the increase of Latin-American mone-
tary reserves; progress made and problems
encountered in programs of agrarian reform,
integration of national markets, moderniza-
tion of agriculture, and aspects of community
development (cooperatives, extension servi-
ces, rural housing, and the like.)
Proposals to amend the OAS Charter in
the economic and social fields would also be
considered. These proposals stem from
decisions of the Second Special Inter-Amer-
ican Conference held in Rio de Janeiro in
November 1965. The program and budget of
the OAS Special Development Assistance Fund
would be discussed, and new members of
CIAP and of the OAS Panel of Experts were
to be nominated.
AVERAGE ANNUAL RATES OF INCREASE IN GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
,AT CONSTANT MARKET PRICES, 1950-55, 1955-60, AND 1961-65
Country
1950-1955
1955-1960
1961-1965
1961
1962
1963
19642/ 1965b/
Argentina
1.4
0.9
-0.1
4.1
-5.0
-6.4
6.6 5.6
Bolivia
-1.8
-2.6
2.0
0.9
1.7
2.5
3.3 2.5
Brazil
2.4
2:5
0.2
3.7
1.8
-2.0
-0.5 1.4
Chile
6.9
1.0
1.7
0.9
4.1
0.2
-0.3 2.5
Colombia
2.3
1.1
1.6
2.0
2.1
0.5
1.8 1.6
Costa Rica
3.2
1.5
1.7
-5.0
4.4
2.1
0.0 0.9
Dominican Rep.
4.2
1.8
-0.3
-2.4
7.0
4.3
-0.7-10.0
Ecuador
2.2
1.2
1.4
-0.6
1.3
-0.7
3.2 1.8
El Salvador
2.1
0.9
4.5
4.3
5.7
4.1
4.2 3.6
Guatemala
-0.7
2.3
3.9
0.9
-0.4
9.4
2.7 3.9
Haiti
-0.4
0.1
0.0
-4.4
'3.8
0.1
-1.8 -2.3
Honduras
-0.8
1.5
1.6
0.4
2.4
0.3
1.1 2.6
Mexico
2.9
2.7
3.4
0.2
1.5
2.9
6.4 2.4
Nicaragua
5.0
-1.3
4.7
2.9
6.7
3.7
4.2 4.0
Panama
0.3
2.7
3.9
5.2
6.7
0.8
2.9 2.1
Paraguay
0.3
-0.1
0.5
3.1
-0.9
1.4
0.4 1.8
Peru
2.6
2.0
2.9
6.4
4.6
1.0
2.6 3.4
Uruguay
2.8
-1.1
-1.4
0.6
-3.9
-3.3
0.0 0.0
Venezuela
4.6
2.4
4.2
-3.1
3.9
6.8
3.9 1.8
Latin America
2.4
1.8
1.4
2.3
0.9
-0.8
2.9 2.5
a/ Provisional
b/ Preliminary
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The key documents prepared for the meet-
ing included reports on national development
efforts presented by number governments,
and analyses of various aspects of develop-
ment and international cooperation presented
by CIAP and the OAS Secretariat.
Development trends and analyses of
development problems were summarized
in a 350-page document prepared by the
General Secretariat and entitled "The Future
of Latin America's Development and the
Alliance for Progress.'
The report reviews the progress made
since the signing of the Charter of Punta
del Este and deals with problems of industry,
agriculture, foreign trade, capital formation,
investment, mobilization of manpower, urban
growth and housing, rural life, and agrarian
reform.
The report also presents CIAP's latest
estimates on trends in Latin American
economic growth compared with earlier
periods.
CIAP ESTIMATES EXTERNAL
FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS
One of the principal functions of CIAP is
to make an annual estimate of the need for
and availability of external financing for
Latin-American development.
On the basis of the 1965 cycle of country
reviews and of an analysis made at CIAP's
Sixth Meeting held in Washington, January
10-15, the Committee estimated total re-
quirements for external financing in 1966 at
approximately $2.9 billion, slightly above the
requirements for 1965 ($2.8 billion).
To meet these requirements, CIAP es-
timated that financing by the World Bank,
Inter-American Development Bank, and the
United States Agency for International Devel-
opment, Export-Import Bank, and Food for
Peace Program would amount to $1.4 billion
and compensatory financing from official
sources, to $333 million. The remaining
$1.15 billion would come from private banks,
suppliers, and external private investments.
OTHER CIAP ACTIVITIES
CIAP presented to the OAS meeting in
Panama, its recommendations for incorpo-
rating into the OAS Charter the Economic
and Social Act of Rio de Janeiro. CIAP
proposed primarily to strengthen Chapter
VI of the present Charter by combining
principles of economic, social and cultural
development and cooperation.
CIAP also continued its studies on (a)
measures to promote expansion and diver-
sification of exports, including special
programs of export promotion; (b) social
security policy and administration in Latin-
American countries; (c) promotion of com-
munity development through voluntary
agencies, and (d) problems of international
liquidity.
The agreement between Venezuela and
the OAS relating to holding the Second Inter-
American Conference of Ministers of Labor
was signed at the headquarters of the Orga-
nization on March 21 by Ambassador Enrique
Tejera Parfs, Representative of Venezuela
on the Council of the OAS, and by Dr. Luis
Radl Betances, acting in charge of the Pan
American Union in the absence of the Sec-
retary General of the OAS whowas in
Buenos Aires, and of Dr. William Sanders,
Assistant Secretary General, who was in
Panama.
The Meeting will be held at the Hotel
Macuto in the Federal District of Venezuela
from May 7 to 14.
When the agreement was signed, Dr.
Betances said that it was very significant
that, at the very moment when amendments
to the OAS Charter were being considered
in Panama, the agreement to hold the Second
Inter-American Conference of Ministers of
Labor, which would study "matters of such
fundamental importance to our regional com-
munity as labor problems and the human
relations deriving therefrom' was signed.
He pointed out that "the First Conference of
Ministers of Labor, held in Bogota in 1963,
achieved results of undeniable positive value'
and maintained that "this Second Meeting of
the top governmental authorities in the labor
field will undoubtedly continue the work
begun three years ago and perfect it."
Ambassador Tejera Parfs recalled, in
turn, that "Venezuela was the site of one of
11
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the most powerful, best organized labor
movements in the world." He added that
"no climate can be more favorable than that
prevailing in my country today, because of
its democratic stability, the power of its
workers, the social conscience of its man-
agement class, and the holding of this Second
Conference. "
SPECIALIZED ORGANIZATIONS
12
PAN AMERICAN INSTITUTE
OF GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
Mission and Organization
The Pan American Institute of Geography
and History serves as an organ of inter-
national cooperation in cartography, geogra-
phy, history, and related fields. Created in
1928 by the Sixth International Conference of
American States in Havana, Cuba, it began'
to function in 1929. The fields of activity of
the Institute are consistent with the geogra-
phic length and breadth of the Americas
and the antiquity and variety of their history
and culture.
The headquarters of the Pan American
Institute of Geography and History and its
Commission on History are in Mexico City.
Its Commission on Cartography is in Buenos
Aires and its Commission on Geography in
Rio de Janeiro. Each Commission is com-
posed of one representative from each
member state, and their committees are
made up of technical experts from the
various countries that have such experts in
fields of specialization. There are at present
28 active committees that operate under the
direction of the three Commissions, partici-
pating in work programs established by the
Commissions; thus, 450 specialists of the
American republics and Canada are now
actively engaged in PAIGH plans and
programs.
The central reference library, which is
open to the public, is at PAIGH headquarters.
There are around 100,000 volumes, a large
collection of periodicals, and some 15,000
maps on the cartography, geography, and
history of the Americas, in the library.
The Institute is collecting a large store of
scientific and technical information, which
is available to researchers and students.
Commission on Cartography
The tremendous increase, in both quality
and quantity, in basic cartography carried
out since the Commission on Cartography
was organized in 1941 is one of the clearest,
most tangible achievements of the American
nations through the Institute to date. Since
this Commission was established, a surpris-
ing increase can be noted in the production
of various kinds of basic maps and charts
that are essential to the discovery and
development of resources and that also
contribute to national and international se-
curity. This Increase in production has been
accompanied by an actual improvement in
the quality of the work and in the adoption
of uniform standards. The basic geodetic
control carried out by different countries
similarily follows a system of uniformity
in the procedures used and the accuracy of
results.
The Inter-American Geodetic Service is
another example of the procedures of organ-
ized cooperation followed by the PAIGH.
This service was established in Caracas in
1946 during a Meeting of Consultation on
Cartography. Through it, a system of
topography and geodetic positions, of latitude
and longitude taken with great precision has
been created. The cartographic work has
served to link the American nations closely
together. In addition, this ensures that all the
work done in the future in the fields of topog-
raphy and cartography will have a uniform
base. This geodetic survey is unique in its
class because it is the longest in the world.
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The impact of the Second World War
enhanced the importance of air cartography,
and in 1943, a permanent committee on
aeronautical charts was established. In 1944,
the PAIGH adopted the first standards for
aerial navigation charts for the 22 American
nations. These standards were adopted in
Chicago in November of that year by the
International Aviation Conference, which
set up the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO).
The Institute is now considering to what
extent it can participate in the experiments
in the application of remote control data to
the problems of cartography, geography, and
the geophysical sciences. It is now possible
to determine through satellites a large part
of the information that was formerly obtained
from aerial photographs, but the size of the
areas covered and the frequent intervals at
which satellite data is collected can revo-
lutionize cartographic, geographic, and
geophysical research, as well as its
application.
Another specific result of the work of
the Institute in this field has been to reveal
the need to establish specific courses in
cartography in the institutions of higher
learning, since there are not enough experts
trained in this field. As a result, some
countries have established the career of
topographical engineer, and others have
included geodetics and photogrammetry.
In addition, the Inter-American Geodetic
Service established as far back as 1952 the
Latin American Cartographic School, which
offers curricula of varying length on geodetic
surveys, geodetic calculus, cartographic
drawing, photogrammetry, and map repro-
duction.
Training films constitute an important
part of both the higher learning programs
and the programs for the advanced training
of personnel of cartographic agencies, and
therefore the PAIGH has produced 10 films
on various aspects of cartography.
Commission on Geography
In the field of geography, the Institue is
actively interested in mineral, plant, animal,
and human resources. It guides and assists
the member states in acquiring exact
knowledge of resources and the manner of
using them to the best advantage. The sci-
entific fields that this work covers includes
woods, classification and utilization of soil,
climatology, fauna, geology, hydrology, me-
teorology, mineralogy, oceanography and
fishery, population studies, land settlement,
and economics.
The activities of the Institute took on
new significance in 1946 with the creation
of its Commission on Geography, which has
its headquarters in Rio de Janeiro. The
assistance given to 14 countries in the
standard preparation of the 1950 Census of
the Americas is a good example of coor-
dinated effort. It was done in cooperation
with the Inter-American Statistical Institute.
The Commission on Geography contributed
to the improvement of the 1960 Census by
preparing a study on minimum acceptable
statistics.
In 1954, the PAIGH completed a study on
the existing information on the natural
resources of the member states, pointing
out shortcomings and the areas that require
attention. Missions of experts on fauna,
geology, hydrology, fishery, and soil and plant
life, acting under the direction of a spe-
cialist in geography, were sent to every nation
to evaluate the research done in those fields 13
as well as the activities of the professional
academic institutions.
In recent years, owing to the stimulus
provided by the PAIGH, national institutions
have been established in several countries
to enable them to have a central geographic
research agency. In most cases, there was
no such geographic institution before; and
when there were national agencies on soils,
vegetation, hydrology, geology, climatology,
and meteorology, there was little or no
connection between them. Today, this situa-
tion has changed radically.
Largely owing to the stimulus of the
Institute, the universities of Latin America
are increasingly giving more attention to
suitable courses on geography. In many
education centers, basic courses on the
subject are being given, and in.some, such
as the University of San Marcos, the Uni-
versity of Mexico, and the University of
Santo Domingo, Institutes of Geography have
been established. The work of the PAIGH in
this area is not limited to the university
level, but extends also to elementary and
secondary schools.
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14
Commission on History
The Commission of History was estab-
lished in 1946 during the Fourth Assembly
of the PAIGH, held in Caracas. The efforts
of the Institute are directed more toward
improving the quality and accuracy of history
works and to raising the level of the curricula
of the educational institutions. It favors the
preparation of works of history, taking into
account the cultural and modern anthro-
pological knowledge. It promotes research
on historiography and archive science,
archeological, anthropological, entograph-
ical, linguistic, and folklore research. Ac-
cordingly, many of PAIGH efforts are devoted
to the publication and broad distribution of
historical monographs, documents, and
directories.
The PAIGH, in cooperation with UNESCO,
is preparing directories of the material
microfilmed by the UNESCO Mobile Unit
and sent to the national archives and prin-
cipal libraries of the American countries.
The Unit has visited seven countries, and
the directories for those countries have
been issued.
The Pan American Institute of Geography
and History has made an extensive study of
the "History of America Program," one of the
most important projects of the Commission
on History. In the development of this Pro-
gram, three different aspects are considered:
the Indian period, the period of colonization,
and the period of national development.
INTER-AMERICAN
CHILDREN'S INSTITUTE
A 2-month course in applied nutrition,
sponsored by the Inter-American Children's
Institute, was started on March 1 in Port-
au-Prince, Haiti. The participants included
specialists from the Pan American Health
Organization and the Inter-American Institute
of Agricultural Sciences, as well as Haitian
fellows and specialists.
The Second Inter-American Regional
Seminar on Vocational Education for Adoles-
cents and Young Adults was held in Caracas
from March 27 to April 2,1966. And in Tegu-
cigalpa, Honduras, the Third Regional Inter-
American Seminar for Establishing Regu-
lations for Protecting Minors in Integrated
Development Programs was heldfromMarch
27 to April 3. Fellows from Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama and the United States participated
in this Seminar.
The Inter-American Children's Institute
sent technical assistance missions to Argen-
tina and Haiti, the former to the Province
of Mendoza and the latter to assist the
Government of Haiti in its national nutrition
program.
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DOCUMENTS
(Second Special Inter-American Conference)
Venezuela places on record that Resolution XXVI, "Informal Procedure on the Recog-
nition of De Facto Governments" does not comprise fully all the phases involved in the
protection of the principle stated, formally in Article 5.d of the Charterof the Organization
of American States.
INTER-AMERICAN CULTURAL COUNCIL
INTER-AMERICAN DECLARATION ON
EDUCATION, SCIENCE, AND CULTURE
From the study of the progress achieved in the fields of education, science, and culture
in the member countries, the growing importance that the governments are attributing to them
within their over-all development plans is obvious;
Important progress has been achieved in the institutional organization of each of the
member countries in planning its economic and social development, while, in addition, mutual
inter-American and international collaboration toward this end has been intensified; moreover,
the need has been felt for the urgent revision of the machinery of cooperation of the inter-
American system, particularly standards of inter-American cooperation in the economic, social
and cultural fields, as well as of the functional structure of the Organization of American
States as defined in the Charter now in force;
In spite of the progress made in the general field of development, and particularly that
of education, science, and culture, a constructive task of extraordinary magnitude lies ahead
designed to improve living conditions of the American peoples in conformity with the objectives
set forth in the Charter of Punta del Este, which established the Alliance for Progress;
During the course of recent years and as a result of increasing attention paid to the most
urgent educational, cultural, and scientific needs of the Americas, a collection of principles,
criteria, and recommendations have been produced that now constitute a body of doctrine,
an expression of the realities of the member countries; and
It is advisable for the member states to take this body of doctrine into consideration in
formulating and introducing amendments to the Charter of the Organization in. matters relating
to education, science, and culture,
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The Fourth Meeting of the Inter-American Cultural Council
16
1. Education, by making possible the full manifestation of man's aspirations, and therefore
the expression of the cultural attributes of each people, should constitute the broadest basis of
freedom, social justice, and peace, the indispensable conditions for true good will among
nations.
2. To bring about this good will, education in America has the unavoidable obligation to
promote and strengthen the principles of representative democracy and respect for the fun-
damental rights of man.
3. The economic, social, and cultural development of the American peoples, for its proper
over-all realization, depends primarily on the effort and political decision of each nation and,
at the same time, on a frank and firm inter-American cooperation.
4. Systematic action in the field of education, science, and culture should have priority
in the over-all development plans of each country.
5. Implementation of the education policy is a effective means for helping to solve the
the problem of insufficient economic productivity. Manpower training, in turn, is a necessary
condition for the development and improvement of cultural and technical levels, and for that
reason it is necessary to further a coordinated effort in the economic field and in that of
education, science, and culture.
6. Every investment in education is an economic investment for the more rapid develop-
ment of the region. Investments for the development of education, science, and culture are
development investments. Their effectiveness depends in large measure on suitable pro-
gramming and internal institutional organization.
7. The high rate of population growth in our countries,and particularly of the population
under 20 years of age, together with the present deficient educational system, the increasing
demand for properly qualified personnel, and the progress in scientific and technological
knowledge required by societies in process of rapid development, make it imperative that
education be given a high priority in assigning national resources and in international coop-
eration and financing.
8. Countries should cooperate with one another to the extent of their capabilities and
within the terms of their legislation to increase national efforts and stimulate inter-American
and international cooperation for the development of their manpower, and for research into
and the conservation of their natural resources, by coordinating the economic, technical,
and educational aspects and channeling these so as to achieve the development goals sought.
9. The effective over-all development of each country demands full information, as well
as participation in the formulation and implementation of development plans by the various
national sectors, in order to obtain their support and achieve the goals of general welfare that
are sought.
10. American cultures are dynamic cultures, with an emphasized projection toward the
future. The enrichment of the cultural, scientific, and educational wealth of the American
peoples constitutes a powerful instrument for guaranteeing the personality of each nation and
the solidarity of the hemisphere. An accelerated economic development separate from the
values of the spirit would operate against the moral balance of the American nations; and
RECOMMENDS:
To the member states that in preparing and introducing amendments to the Charter of
the Organization they bear in mind the following basic standards in the fields of education,
science, and culture:
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1. The primary aim of education is the full development of each human being. The achieve-
ment of this purpose is of decisive importance to the over-all development of peoples. Therefore,
it is necessary to guarantee, in accordance with constitutional provisions, equality of educational
opportunities for all inhabitants, without distinction as to race, nationality, sex, language, creed,
or social position, on the following bases:
a. Common or elementary basic general education given in the corresponding schools
shall be compulsory and shall be offered to the population between 6 and 15 years of
age, and when given by the state it shall be free. The minimum period of compulsory
attendance at this level shall be six years, but efforts shall be made to extend it
gradually to achieve greater cultural, social and economic development.
b. Access to middle-level education shall be extended to the largest possible portion of
the youthful population, in accordance with the educational planning goals and the
manpower needs of each country. In this connection, education for work should be
substantially increased in all areas.
c. Access to higher education shall be recognized and facilitated for the qualified
population. This education should be widened in accordance with the requirements of
national development, in order to take care, at the level of higher education, of
professional training; scientific, technological, and humanistic reasearch;; and the
dissemination of culture, as well as specialization and advanced training of those
already practicing a profession. Likewise, its diversification shall be encouraged
through the establishment of institutions that will open new opportunities for higher
education as demanded by scientific, technological, and cultural development.
d. Adult education, as a permanent activity, shall be an integral part of the educational
system and shall create opportunities at all levels and of all kinds for promoting the
improvement of the living conditions of this population group. In particular, it shall
be oriented toward community development, the elimination of illiteracy, industrial and 17
agricultural training, the renewal of knowledge and techniques, and the dissemination
of culture.
2. Within their national development plans the member states shall formulate sectoral
plans for educational, scientific, technological, and cultural development, which shall be
evaluated periodically, in order to reorient the structure, content, and methods of education,
to adapt them to scientific and technological progress, to cultural needs and to the requirements
of national development.
3. Each country shall devote maximum financial support to the education sector and to
the development of manpower resources, in accordance with the priorities established in the
national development plan.
4. Each country shall adopt a policy on science and technology that, through adequate
institutions, shall encourage and spread teaching and research and intensify the regular and
advanced training of scientific and technical personnel.
5. Proper conservation of the cultural heritage is the inescapable duty of the state, inas-
much as the cultural personality of the nation has its basis in the sum of these monumentary,
artistic, and documentary testimonies.
6. The countries shall promote the ideals of union and fraternity through broader exchange
of persons, as well as of expressions of the humanities, sciences, and arts, and shall promote,
with due respect for the personality of each member state, free cultural exchange through all
means of expression.
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STATEMENT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OF ECUADOR
18
By voting favorably for the preceding declaration, the Delegation of Ecuador thereby makes
no commitment whatsoever with respect to the position that its government may take during
the forthcoming meeting in Panama of the Special Committee to prepare a preliminary draft
of amendments to the Charter of the Organization of American States.
STATEMENT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OF ARGENTINA
The Delegation of Argentina makes no commitment whatsoever with respect to the position
that its government may take during the forthcoming meeting in Panama of the Special Com-
mittee to prepare a preliminary draft of amendments to the Charter of the Organization of
American States.
STATEMENT OF THE REPERSENTATIVE OF GUATEMALA
By voting favorably for the preceding declaration, the Delegation of Guatemala makes no
commitment whatsoever with respect to the position or policy that its government may adopt
during the forthcoming meeting in Panama of the Special Committee to prepare a preliminary
draft of amendments to the Charter of the Organization of American States.
The Representatives of the American states who participated in the Fourth Meeting of
the Inter-American Cultural Council sign this Inter-American Declaration on Education,
Science, and Culture at the Pan American Union headquarters, Washington, D.C., United States
of America, on the twenty-fifth day of January, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-six.
This Declaration shall be deposited with the General Secretariat of the Organization of
American States through the Executive Secretariat of the Inter-American Cultural Council,
which shall send certified copies of it to the governments of the American states, the members
of the Inter-American Cultural Council, and the Committee for Cultural Action.
The Executive Secretariat of the Inter-American Cultural Council shall be charged with
publishing this Declaration in the Final Act of the meeting, in the official languages of the
Organization.
PLACE AND DATE OF THE SECOND INTER-AMERICAN
CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF LABOR
(Approved on January 11, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the report on the place and date of the Second Inter-American Conference
of Ministers of Labor, submitted by the Committee on Inter-American Conferences,
1. To thank the Government of Venezuela and accept its generous offer to be host to the
Second Inter-American Conference of Ministers of Labor, in Maracay, State of Aragua.
2. To convoke the Second Inter-American Conference of Ministers of Labor, as a spe-
cialized inter-American conference, for the period May 7 to 14, 1966.
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AGENDA OF THE SECOND INTER-AMERICAN
CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF LABOR
(Approved on January 11, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the report on the agenda of the Second Inter-American Conference of
Ministers of Labor, submitted by the Committees on Inter-American and on Economic and
Social Affairs,
1. To transmit the attached draft agenda for the Second Inter-American Conference of
Ministers of Labor to the governments of the member states for their observations and to fix
February 16, 1966, as the date for its approval by the Council of the Organization.
2. To request the Inter-American Committtee on the Alliance for Progress to present a
report to the Council on the draft agenda within fifteen days.
PLACE AND DATE OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL MEETINGS
OF THE INTER-AMERICAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
(Approved on January 11, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the report on the convocation of the Fourth Annual Meetings of the Inter-
American Economic and Social Council, submitted by the Committee on Inter-American
Conferences,
1. To express its appreciation for and accept the generous offer of Argentina to be host,
in the city of Buenos Aires, to the Fourth Annual Meetings of the Inter-American Economic
and Social Council.
2. To approve March 15 as the opening date for the Fourth Annual Meetings of the
Inter-American Economic and Social Council.
INVITING GOVERNMENTS OF STATES NOT MEMBERS
OF THE OAS TO PARTICIPATE AS OBERVERS IN
THE FOURTH MEETING OF THE INTER-AMERICAN CULTURAL COUNCIL
(Approved on January 11, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the report on inviting governments of states not members of the OAS to
participate as observers in the Fourth Meeting of the Inter-American Cultural Council, submitted
by the Committee on Inter-American Conferences,
To authorize the Secretary General of the Organization to invite the governments of the
following countries to participate as observers in the aforementioned meeting: Belgium, Ca-
19
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nada, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, the Nethelands,
Norway, Spain, and Trinidad and Tobago.
CONVOCATION OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR
THE PREPARATION OF A PRELIMINARY DRAFT
PROPOSAL ON AMENDMENTS TO THE CHARTER
OF THE ORGANIZATION
(Approved on January 11, 1966)
20
1. To convoke the Special Committee to meet in Panama City, beginning on February 25,
2. To entrust the General Committee of the Council with preparing draft regulations for
the Special Committee, to be submitted to the governments of the member states in order that
they may present to the Council of the Organization, prior to the first day of February, the
observations they deem pertinent, so that the Council may prepare the text that will be sub-
mitted to the Special Committee for final approval.
RESOLUTION CONCERNING THE DENUNCIATION BY
THE GOVERNMENT OF PERU ON VIOLATION OF THE
PRINCIPLE OF NONINTERVENTION
(Approved on February 2, 1966)
The Ambassador, Representative of Peru, in the note of January 19, 1966, addressed to
the Vice Chairman of the Council, in his capacity as Acting Chairman requested on behalf of
his government
. . . the convocation of a special meeting of the Council of the Organization, to formulate
a denunciation on violation of the principle of nonintervention, set forth in the Charter
of the United Nations and ratified by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its
Resolution 2131 (XX), adopted at the session held last December 21;
The aforementioned convocation was seconded by the Ambassadors, Representatives of
Colombia and Venezuela, in notes dated January 23 and 24, respectively;
At this special meeting, the Council heard statements by the Representatives of Peru,
Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, the Dominican Republic, the United States, Costa Rica, Haiti,
El Salvador, Ecuador, Argentina, Panama, Nicaragua, Honduras, Paraguay, Guatemala, Brazil,
Mexico, Uruguay, and Chile, who expressed unanimous support of the denunciation by the
r':n.?ornmant of Parni
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In the city of Havana, during the first half of this past January, and under the official
sponsorship of the Government of Cuba, a so-called conference of solidarity among the peoples
of Asia, Africa, and Latin America was held, with the participation of delegates from the
Soviet Union, Communist China, Cuba, and another states, as well as communist parties and
groups from other countries, the final resolutions of which proclaimed a pledge by the partic-
ipants to give financial, political, and military aid to communist subversive movements in this
hemisphere, the same as in other parts of the world;
This policy of intervention and aggression in the Western Hemisphere by some of the
communist states constitutes a violation of the principles of nonintervention by one state in
the internal and external affairs of another and of the self-determination of peoples, which were
the object of Resolution 2131 (XX) adopted December 21, 1965, by the General Assembly of
the United Nations, principles laid down in the Charter of the Organization of American States;
As a result of the so-called conference of solidarity among the peoples of Asia, Africa,
and Latin America, a permanent committee of twelve members was established in Havana
consisting of representatives of communist countries and groups of those three continents,
as well as a special organization for the promotion of subversion and civil war in Latin America;
This policy of intervention and aggression endangers the peace and security of the
Western Hemisphere; and
The Eighth Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, held at Punta del
Este, Uruguay, in 1962, in paragraph 1 of Resolution II requested the Council of the Organization
of American States
. . . to maintain all necessary vigilance, for the purpose of warning against any acts of
aggression, subversion, or other danger to peace and security, or the preparation of
such acts, resulting from the continued intervention of Sino-Soviet powers in this hemi-
sphere, and to make recommendations to the governments of the member states with 21
regard thereto,
1. To condemn emphatically the policy of intervention and aggression of the communist
states and other participating countries and groups, manifested in the discussions and decisions
of the so-called conference of solidarity among the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America,
held in Havana during the first two weeks of January.
2. To denounce especially, as an act contrary to the peace and security of the hemisphere
and in violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of Resolution 2131
(XX), of December 21, 1965 the open participation at the aforesaid Havana Conference of official
or officially sponsored delegations of member states of the United Nations that also voted in
favor of the aforementioned resolution.
3. To declare, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and Resolution 2131
(XX), of December 21, 1965, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, and also
in conformity with the Charter of the Organization of American States and resolutions of the
Inter-American Conferences and Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs,
that a state is responsible not only for the open use of force against another but also for giving
support to any of the indirect forms of aggression, such as the promotion of civil strife in
another state, or the organization of armed bands and the furnishing of war material or elements
of combat and of money with offensive intentions against another.
4. To proclaim the American states' reiterated adherence to the principles of noninter-
vention and self-determination of peoples set forth in the Charter of the Organization and in
Resolution 2131 (XX), of December 21, 1965, of the United Nations General Assembly.
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5. To call upon the `Special Committee to study Resolutions IL1 and VIII of the Eighth
Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs' to make an urgent study and inves-
tigation of the deliberations, conclusions, and projections of the so-called conference of
solidarity among the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, held in Havana, and to submit
a report to the Council of the Organization along with such recommendations as it deems
pertinent.
6. To request the Secretary General of the Organization of American States to transmit
this resolution to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, with ;a request that he distribute
it among the member states.
AGREEMENT FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN THE
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES AND THE
ORGANIZATION OF CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES (ODECA)
(Approved on February 16, 1966)
22
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the report on an agreement for cooperation between the Organization of
American States and the Organization of Central American States, submitted by the Committee
on Inter-American Organizations, and considering that Article 53.d of the Charter authorizes
the Council to conclude agreements or special arrangements for cooperation with other Amer-
ican organizations of recognized international standing,
1. To approve the conclusion of an agreement for cooperation between the Organization
of American States and the Organization of Central American States, the text of which shall be
that appended to the report submitted by the Committee on Inter-American Organizations.
2. To authorize the Secretary General of the Organization of American States to sign
the said agreement.
BUDGETARY ESTIMATES FOR THE MEETING OF THE
SPECIAL COMMITTEE IN PANAMA
(Approved on February 16, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the report on budgetary estimates for the meeting of the Special Committee
to prepare a preliminary draft proposal on amendments to the Charter of the Organization,
submitted by the Committee on Program and Budget,
1. To authorize the Secretary General to withdraw from the Working Capital Fund up to
$181,300.00 to cover the expenses required by the aforesaid Special Committee. The Secretary
General will account to the Council for the expenditures made.
2. To include in the proposed Program and Budget for the fiscal year 1966-1967, the
reimbursement of these funds to the Working Capital Fund, in accordance with Article 84 of
Regulations of Pan American Union.
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INVITATION TO GOVERNMENTS THAT ARE NOT MEMBERS
OF THE OAS TO PARTICIPATE AS OBSERVERS IN THE
FOURTH ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
(Approved on February 16, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the report on inviting governments of states that are not members of the
OAS to participate as observers in the Fourth Annual Meetings of the Inter-American Economic
and Social Council, submitted by the Committee on Inter-American Conferences,
To authorize the Secretary General of the Organization to invite the Governments of
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and
Tobago, and the United Kingdom to participate as observers in the aforementioned meetings.
NEW DATE FOR THE SIXTH MEETING OF THE
INTER-AMERICAN NUCLEAR ENERGY COMMISSION
(Approved on February 16, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
To express its agreement that the Sixth Meeting of the Inter-American Nuclear Energy 23
Commission be held at the headquarters of the Pan American Union from April 12 to 16, 1966.
CONVOCATION OF A SPECIAL INTER-AMERICAN
PORT AND HARBOR CONFERENCE
(Approved on February 16, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
To approve April 19 through 21, 1966, as the dates for holding, at the Pan American
Union, the Special Inter-American Port and Harbor Conference.
FIRST REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO MAKE
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE OPERATIONS
OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNION
(Approved on February 21, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the first report of the Special Committee to Make an Analysis of the
Administrative Operations of the Pan American Union,
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1. To transmit the first report of the Special Committee to Make an Analysis of the
Administrative Operations of the Pan American Union, together with its appendices, to the
Special Committee to prepare a preliminary draft proposal on amendments to the Charter of
the Organization that will meet in Panama this month, in view of the usefulness of the ob-
servations contained therein.
2. That the Social Committee to Make an Analysis of the Administrative Operations of
the Pan American Union, established on June 9, 1965, shall continue to function until it presents
its final report during the course of this year.
RESOLUTION IV OF THE SECOND SPECIAL
INTER-AMERICAN CONFERENCE
(Approved on February 21, 1966)
24
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the report on Resolution IV of the Second Special Inter-American Con-
ference, on coordination of the activities of international and inter-American organizations,
submitted by the Committee on Inter-American Organizations,
To transmit the report submitted by the Committee on Inter-American Organizations to
the Special Committee that will meet in Panama beginning February 25, 1966, to prepare a
preliminary draft proposal on amendments to the Charter of the OAS, so that it may take
into account the observations contained therein in connection with the objectives set forth in
Resolution IV of the Second Special Inter-American Conference, regarding "coordination of the
activities of international and inter-American organizations."
AGENDA OF THE SECOND INTER-AMERICAN CONFERENCE
OF MINISTERS OF LABOR
(Approved on February 21, 1966)
THE COUNCIL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES,
HAVING SEEN the report on the agenda of the Second Inter-American Conference of
Ministers of Labor, submitted by the Committee on Inter-American Conferences; and
Bearing in mind the observations presented by the governments with regard to the draft
agenda, as well as the note dated January 20, 1966, from the Chairman of CIAP on the same
subject,
To approve the agenda for the Second Inter-American Conference of Ministers of Labor
appended to the report submitted by the Committee on Inter-American Conferences.
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AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES AND THE
ORGANIZATION OF CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES
The Organization of American States and the Organization of Central American States,
mindful of the desirability and the advantages of maintaining close cooperative relations and
of coordinating their efforts in order to facilitate the effective achievement of the objectives of
the two organizations, agree upon the following:
To maintain a continuous exchange of studies, information, publications, and documents
dealing with activities of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, and legal fields.
II
To consult each other on programs of common interest.
III
To invite each other to conferences or meetings of common interest, in accordance with
decisions or regulations now in effect or that each Organization may adopt. The representatives
designated by each party shall participate in the meetings of the other as observers.
The Secretary General of the Organization of American States and the Secretary General
of the Organization of Central American States shall make the necessary administrative
arrangements to ensure the effective collaboration of the two Organizations in pursuit of their
common objectives.
This Agreement shall enter into force on the date on which it is signed by the authorized
representatives of the Organization of American States and the Organization of Central American
States.
(s) Jose A. Mora (s) Albino Roman y Vega
Secretary General of the Secretary General
Organization of American States Organization of Central
American States
25
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Editor-in-Chief: Carlos Urrutia Aparicio, Special
Assistant to the Department of
Public Information
Associate Editors: Jose Miguel Ribas, economic and
social affairs
Jose Carlos Ruiz, educational,
scientific, and cultural affairs
Manuel Canyes, juridical -political
affairs
Alzora Eldridge, specialized or-
ganizations
Angela Soler, documents
The Organization of American States (OAS) unites
the 21 republics of the Western Hemisphere for the
common purpose of maintaining the peace, ensuring
freedom and security, and promoting the welfare of
all Americans. The member states are Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile; Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guate-
mala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru the United States, Uruguay, and Vene-
zuela.
The OAS is an outgrowth of the International Union
of American Republics, created in 1890 during the
First International Conference of American States,
held in Washington, D. C. Today, it operates through
a large number of agencies and institutions throughout
the Hemisphere, all contributing to the objective of
preserving the peace and security of the member states
and promoting, by cooperative action, their economic,
social, and cultural development. The Pan American
Union, the central and permanent organ and General
Secretariat of the OAS, has its headquarters inWash-
ington, D. C.
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 051.1-E-7190 $0.50
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