SOVIET TRADE TALKS CAN BE FRUSTRATING, CIA FINDS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88-01315R000100130001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 7, 2004
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 20, 1979
• Content Type: NSPR

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THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE
20 August 1979
By Lee Strobel
Cnlce,o Trinune Press Service
. 11
7_ining sessions that can stretch into amount of information normally needed time to play one company off against
years,~negotiating with the Soviet Union 1 to prepare equipment specifications. an d the.other.
can be a frustrating experience unique in price quotes.
international trade. While Western business sales often ar
That's the conclusion of a recently PART OF THE reason for their tight-?
lipped nature is "a lin erin suspicion concluded with a simple purchase orde
declassified Central Intelligence Agency g and some price discussions, the Sovietsl
study that provides interesting insights f of Western business motives," the re- usually insist on full-fledged negotiation
i-!to Soviet foibles and ploys in negotiat- port asserts. "in which they literally nit-pick ove
ii:" contracts with American firms. Among the favorite bargaining ploys
of Soviet negotiating teams is the "wait- every detail."
CIA, Director Stansfield Turner, while ing game," a skill which thet report says And while social functions play only a
attending the American Bar Association the Soviets play better than anyone. minor role in commercial negotiation report 6n- tier anpon here, released the less sensitive, "T; is tactic is based on two assump- in iv'loscow, the Soviets especially aopr
IA IA. amaterialsprog. ram to disclose less tions: [a] that the U.S. team has rela- elate American efforts-to entertain them
C tively little patience, and [b] in order to when they are in the United States.
THE STUDY says that negotiating -a avoid returning home empty-handed, To get on their good side, the report)
business transaction with Moscow is dif- foreign businessmen eventually will suggests a "typical American cookout.
ferent from any other international busi- agree to terms that they normally would If that doesn't work, try a shopping cen4
expedition, -where the Russians are;
real dealings. It's even distinct from the reject." ter the shelves." yl
business practices of its Eastern Euro- The Soviets apparently believe that the fond of "clearing
pear allies, which are described as background of American bargainers
causes them to experience deep feelings
"much closer to the West's negotiating of anxiety and failure if an'agreement is
norms." not reached promptly, and to regard
The report points out that the Soviets compromise as both inevitable and de-
have a double standard on what they sirable.
consider acceptable business conduct. SOMETIMES THE SOVIETS will hold
"For example," it says, `'they fully only one or two opening bargaining ses-
expect that the U.S. team will both sions and then make the U.S. temwraitt
abide by precedent and exhibit predicta- for days, "hoping to pressure
ble behavior. Yet, the U.S. businessman a departure-time decision."
can depend on erratic and unpredictable Another favorite maneuver is to cause
behavior from the Soviets. - confusion by changing their team's lead- i
"They are often late for appointments 1 ership without warning b or explanation, the g gv of
or may simply cancel them without no- or to with the stipulation that
tice." ""just a few words" are changed.
FRUSTRATION cart' he compounded The: report concludes. that there is a
by the "carelessness and inefficiency" reason why the Russians often agree to
of the Soviet administrative and clerical a major contract and then bicker inces-
.
support, which is so poor that meetings santly over charges for items that cost
often are forced to be canceled or post- just a few dollars.
poned. "The Soviets use this tactic. to impress
"The Soviet `ability' to lose files and their superiors that not even' the small-
c'ocuments is legendary, as is their ina-
bility to provide timely and efficient tYP-
.
ing. photocopying. and other clerical est detail has been overlooked. In the!
supports," the report says. negotiations," the report says.
Further complicating matters is the And sometimes, the Russians will con-f
Soviet penchant for secrecy. Sometimes duct negotiations in Moscow with two
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RADIO TV REPORTS, INC.
4701 WILLARD AVENUE, WASH NG?ODN, DC. 20G15 4 8
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PUBLIC AFFAIRS STAFF
All Things Considered...
DATE August 10, 1979 5:00 PM
STATION WETA Radio
NPR Network
Washington, DC
SUBJECT J u s t i f i c a t i o n of New R u l e s and Regulations for C I A
BOB EDWARDS: CIA Director Stansfield Turner charged
today that new rules and regulations aimed at preventing CIA
misconduct are hamstringing the agency. Turner made his remarks
at the annual meeting of the American Bar Association in Dallas.
A.report from NPR legal affairs correspondent Nina
Totenberg.
NINA TOTENBERG: Turner conceded that past misconduct
by the CIA justified some new rules and regulations, but he said
this transition period is, in his words, traumatic. He said that,
in many ways, increased public and press interest in the CIA has
been damaging to the national security.
ADMIRAL STANSF I ELD TURNER: I f you are a CIA case
spy
overseas attempting to persuade a foreign person py
on behalf of this country, perhaps at the risk of his or her
life, you must have confidence that you can assure that person
that his or her identity will not become public.
Today, while we do and can protect such information,
the plethora of unauthorized leaks within our government has
created a perception that we cannot hold necessary secrets. And
this indeed has hurt our intelligence activities.
As a result, I have proposed a new criminal statute
which would make it an offense to disclose the identity of under-
cover CIA persons or agents whose relationships with the Central
Intelligence Agency are deliberately concealed.
TOTENBERG: Similar legislation has been proposed by
past CIA Directors, but Congress, so far, has failed to act on
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 Approved For Release 2004/10/13 : CIA-RDP88-01315R000100130001-2
2
it, apparently fearing that the language of the legislation
might open up a Pandora's Box that would limit some American
freedoms.
Turner complained today that some new rules and
regulations adopted to curb CIA abuse have hurt the nation's
intelligence-gathering effort. Turner addressed himself
specifically to regulations aimed at protecting the privacy
of American citizens.
ADMIRAL TURNER: Very often, questions of consti-
tutional law have required both the Attorney General's staff
and my legal staff to issue legal decisions in the midst of
an operational crisis. Let me say that in all such instances
the Attorney General and his staf.f have gone out of their way
to give us timely advice and opinion. But still, our options
have often been l i m i ted because of this.
Something over a year ago, a small foreign country
was under siege. Suddenly we found that the best information
coming out of that country happened to be coming from the ham
radio of an American missionary. There was an Executive Order
signed by the President against our conducting electronic sur-
veillance of American persons. The issue here, then, was at
what stage would the interception of these ham radio trans-
missions perhaps be illegal. A ruling was finally made that
as long as the missionary stuck to the CB and normal ham radio
bands, it was all right. But if he tried to be clandestine --
and well he might, because he was in danger for his transmis-
sions -- that would have been an act of privacy, and we would
have to have ceased learning what he was doing and whether he
was safe.
TOTENBERG: Turner said he hopes some of these prob-
lems will be worked out in the CIA charter that Congress is
now drafting.
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PITTSBURGH POST-GAZETTE
11 August 1979
- ief Says
L 'h
iligence 'U
By HUGH CHRISTENSEN
Post.Geiette Staff Writer
DALLAS - Espionage and the rule of
law can live together in a free society.
and the foundations of the coexistence
are now being built, the director of the
Central Intelligence Agency said here
yesterday.
Admiral Stansfield Turner said a bal-
ance can be struck between the gather-
ing of secret information and the rights
of American citizens.
Turner's remarks came on the second
day of the annual meeting of thai-
ca^ R~r ~ssa' iatinn About 8,000 of the
associ~^ on's approximately 250,000
members are expected to attend the
weeklong convention.
The CIA director asserted that the na-
tion's intelligence community already is
moving toward "a hew model of intelli-
gence - a uniquely American model of
intelligence" - under which the need to
gather strategic information is balanced
with the rights of American citizens and
democratic control of the country.
There is. Turner said. a natural ten-
sion between the administration of jus-
tice and the safeguarding. of the
information gathered by intelligence
agencies. Which of the two is more im-
portant, he said, is a question that al-
ways depends n the circumstances of the
particular case.
While the CIA chief repeatedly said he
was not complaining about the legal
rights accorded defendants in espionage
trials, he also made clear that certain
teatures of the criminal justice system
are thorns in the side of his agency.
A criminal case. Turner said, often
presents the CIA with an unpalatable de-
cision whether to prosecute the suspect
and reveal government secrets or drop
the prosecution and see the suspect go
free.
Should .a government employee be ar-
rested while handing a classified docu-
ment to a foreign agent, Turner.said,
present law requires proof that the docu
ment was authentic and that its release
to a foreign power would be harmful to
the nation..
He said the court testimony likely to
be required for this will usually be just
as valuable to the foreign power as
would the successful. delivery of the
original document to its agent. ,
Yet, Turner said. the CIA has an inter-
est in convicting "irresponsible individ-
uals - I. would say even treasonous
individuals - who deliberately disclose
classified information.".
He told his luncheon audience of sev-
eral hundred attorneys that it is untrue
that he has power to make the Justice
Department drop a prosecution. Should
the attorney general refuse a CIA re-?,
quest not to prosecute, Turner said, the.,
agency's only recourse is to put its case
before the president..
Another legal problem, he said, is
posed by defense attorneys who at the
last minute demand a. large number of
classified documents for.use in prepar-:
ing their cases. Should the trial judge de-
cide the request is proper, Turner said,
the intelligence agency` again will be
dropping its case or revealing classified
When the gathering of intelligence.
citizen, Turner said, CIA operatives now-
must worry about possibly violating fed-
eral law by invading the American's pri
"The initiative of an intelligence oper'--
ative can be dulled, and . there can be
stances, Turner said. "F -_''::?>:
He said his. agency, is slowly.'
recovering from the blow to its morale
tigations than "unfortunately ' destroyed
some of the, support and confidence
which the American?public has tradition
all had'in its intelligence community."- ;
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NEWARK STAR-LEDGER (iv',J. )
11 August 1979
Internally, Turner said there is in-
creasing public attention c.n the Cf since
the intelligence investigations of 10775-776
"Those investigations brought TA4M
assures
ry
By HERB JAFFE
DALLAS - Adm. Stansfield
Turner, director of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency (CIA), yesterday told the
American Bar Association that the U.S
intelligence community is alive and well
and is quietly undergoing an overhaul to
counteract public criticism of recent
years.
Turner said the constraints imposed
on intelligence gathering after the Water-
gate years has resulted in reforms which
he said will eventually result in "a newt
model of intelligence, suited to the goals
and ideals of the American people, espe-
cially in the delicate area of prosecution
vs. disclosure."
The CIA director revealed he has
had "a harmonious relationship" with
outgoing Attorney General Griffin Bell,
both in keeping the Justice Department
apprised of CIA activities and in deter-
mining when cases of persons involved in
espionage activities can be prosecuted
without disclosing classified data"
Referring to changes in intelligence
gathering, Turner said regulations and
oversight "do not weaken us." He ex-
plained that oversight of the intelligence
system serves as a check against abusive
practices by the CIA and ii other U.S.
intelligence gathering agencies.
"The new oversight procedures-in-
elude the President himself,, aspecial
intelligence oversight force that looks
into our activities\and reports directly to
the President, twpp committees of Corr-
gress, and the rrledia," which Turner
characterized as " lnore persevering than
ever in attempting,to find out what were
Still, he said. "We are faced with
constraints in atte oting to influence
certain world even .".On this basis, the..
CIA has expanded f sphere of influence,
he explained, making "foreign policy-
.
"Our sphere of it
expanded. We need to
terest has vastly
e more astute in
areas of politics, economics, food needs,
population growth, narcotic, trafficking,
terrorism - and not jus~military intelli_
gence. This places more demands on us,"
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A New York advertising agency has
been directing a sleek new' recruiting
camnaion for . than avanrn in hie-d-iri.
focus than ever on in tei!igonce: They de-
stroyed some suooort and confidence the
pubiic once had in intelligence.
"There has been increasing suspi-
cion of whether inteiligence is invading
the privacy of individual. I can tell you it
is not." Turner emphasized. "But we have
to.asure the public of that,-"
Turner asserted that "a plethora of
leaks" in intelligence activities has hurt
the CIA, adding that he has proposed a
new criminal statute that would make it
an offense to disclose the identity of an
agent in any intelligence agency. He said
the proposed hilt is now being reviewed
by the Carter Administration and that he
is hopeful it will soon be law.. 'r
"There is a natural tension in v bt'iitig
criminal justice and the safeguard of-se-
rurity,- he said. "Sometimes it becomes a
dilemma when we are-asked to disclose
evidence in a prosecution.
"Last winter the attorney general-
found it necessary. in fact. to abort the.
prosecution of two individuals from ITT:
to avoid such a dilemma. It is a dilemma
involving law enforcement and the
protection of the Constitution in one
re- " lie said.
He explained -that the discovery
procedure would make it mandatory. to
turn over evidence in cases that very
otten are of a classified nature, although
Turner acknowled,ed that "there is too
much classified material and too much
classification in government.
" _
i,ly responsibility in such areas is)
that the attorney general have all thei
necessary information. Access should not'
be a point of concern. The attorney gener-
al is entitled to all access.
If the attorney general decides'to
prosecute where I disagree, on the basis
of national security, then the President
must make the decision. I can't frustrate
a prosecution. but by the. same token a-
criminal trial in the L.S. is a public
event," he added. "demanding all precau-
tions on our part in the use of evidence:"
Meanwhile, the CIA.has started a
':pepped up:' advertising campaign to re-
cruit new agents and the results have
been "tremendous." an agency spokes-
man said yesterday.
Suffering from- a battered public
image after several years of congression-
at investigations. and freedom of infor-
. ma t ion suits, the once supersecret agency
has faced a dropoff in recruiting.
But with help from Madison Avenue.
the agency has found 4.000 to 5,000.
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ARTICLE A llED
ON PA GE
THE WASHINGTON POST
13 August 1979
To el 6 1_1
'or the Little Man
1LLAS-CRRITICS of the legal profession are
never in short supply. There's always some-
one ready to knock the lawyers about their fees
and the way they conduct their business.
But at the National Conference of Bar Presi-
dents here last week, the critics were the lawyers
themselves. And they had some tough things to
say about the way law is practiced and why it has
to change.
Their message: Lawyers have turned their busi-
ness into an industry geared to big issues and rich
clients. Ordinary persons with small problems
cannot get the legal help they need for a reason-
able price. The lawyer's traditional role as counse-
lor has deteriorated because lawyers are too busy
putting out quality paperwork. The profession has
failed to tell the public about its legal needs. And
the public still sees the lawyer as an unapproach-. about fees and services, said Dean David T.
aide authority figure in a plush office and a pits. Link of. the University of Notre' Dame Law
stripped suit. I: School. And, the,,lawyers are unhappy with the
The real crunch comes for the middle-class. 'growing management tasks of their jobs. Many
Expensive cars and homes can be bought on install- :lawyers 'are "slipping." Link told the bar leaders.
meat. Lawyers, however, are tailor made, high "They're becoming mechanics" instead of being
priced and paid-on-delivery counselors.
Lawyers have heard this talk before. But their . But the practice of .jaw caxt be streamlined
res onse--so far, anyway: has been slow at best. ~ with sophisticated office hardware that can im-
p rove services, lower fees and' make attorneys
Sometimes we take ourselves too seriously, es- ha to be law ers," Link said.
pecially when we talk about our own practice o of nGood I be
e r are concerned about quality- !
law." said Thomas S. Johnson, the chairman of the
American Bar Association's Consortium on Legal not time.. or efficiency-but they fail to realize
that" part of quality Is reasonable price," Link
Services and the Public.- said.
He warned the bar leaders, "The American pub-
ie is running out of patience and we are running Maybe lawyers could make better use of fancy
equipment--If they can afford to buy it-and
out of time." maybe. that will result in more reasonable fees..
Johnson and three othei'Meakers put the ques- he real question . is whether the legal .pro
dents lion of and what.should be executives done who to about filled a 300 bar presi ballroom L-feThe -re-al
continue to leave the. business of one ordinary. problems to., young aawyers, the solo
morning 'for a session on economics of law
practice and legal needs-part of the ABA's 101st practitioners and the legal clinics, or whether
it. decides that the bar as a whole should share
annual meeting here..
in this unprofitable responsibility to the public.
"We are not serving a vast portion of the pub- At this point, the best the lawyers can say is
lie with legal services," said one of the speakers,
Gary C. Huckaby, chairman of the ABA's commit- that they're thinking about it.
c-a
tee on delivery of legal services.
"We'd have no respect for the medical prof es- Adm. Stansfield Turner, the director of the
Sion if theyi refused to treat an in
said. But the lawyers have no
fordable-way to treat complaint;
hinds of cases don't lend themselves to "econorni-.
cal solutions," liuckaby told the lawyers.
One solulion; lluckabysaid;"would' be for the
organized bar to try to get lawyers to accept
those- kinds "of cases on an "assigned. risk basis"
for a reduced fee. Others suggested that lawyers
agree to take --fees oft 'installment rplans,' start
group legal practices'like doctors-and support
prepaid legal plans.
The lawyers also have" to matte contact with,
the public, inform them.. about potential legal
problems and then see to. it that legal services +
are delivered..
"The 'ordinary, person ; is -'afraid; of''legal prob-
lems, afraid of conflict and-' afraid of lawyer,"
Yale' Law School Professor GeoffFey.::G._ Hazard
'Jr.' told the lawyers...
But while the legal profession is` familiar tititli'
those concerns, is ..also .;reluctant to change '
its ways.
"The dominant tendency is to" [maintain the
status quo] 'so we render legal services tomorrow
in the [same] form andmeasur.e as they were-
'rendered by our forefathers," Il'azard said.
The lawyers know the clients are unhappy
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limited by rulings from tl-,e U.S. attorney
gQr3eral a'aaut the legality of its opera-
tions. . -'
During s questio>-and-axsszver period-
after his address, Turner said il;e gov-
ernrnenk has "far Lao mxach classified
material" that need not be secret.-
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Iic some of is
reports
with the thou
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that"if we give out more, we'll be better.
able to protect what. remains."~.._ :.; =;_~.
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