LETTER TO ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR FROM EDWARD NEILAN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 22, 2004
• Sequence Number: 76
• Publication Date: January 4, 1977
• Content Type: LETTER

Approved For Release 2004/10/28: CIA-RDP
"AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES ON ASIA ANO THE PACIFIC"
Jan 4,1977
Washington. DC 20505
Assistant to the Director
Central Intelligence Agency
I will continue to write my ASIA MET'0 column on a syndicated
Effective Jan. 1.I am Editor & Publisher' of THE ASIA MAIL.
Unclassified CIA Finished Intelligence.
but would like to continue,receiving notices of
I have recently changed.my main journalistic affiliation..
Dear Sir:
basis for Copley News Service.
ASIA MAIL and an indication of the recent CIA publications
I have enclosed a corrected address notation; co-pies of THE
which, I would, apnrecia'te. receiving.
.Thank you very much.
Sincerely,
war e i an
Editor & Publisher
STAT'
POTOMAC=ASIA C6P11M"rCVM15W8aISU"1'4 I 0A, W19dtMR,a'OOR43LtOJ10. 02113113 [phone]
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 :CIA-RDP88-013148000100010076-1
Michael Morrow on U.S. Policy in the Mekong
A Look Ai Ja pa s Economic ' is
`True Confessions' Of A Foreign Service Wife
"AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC"
Sen. John Sparkman
President-elect Jimmy Carter takes office at a time when
America's position in Asia and the Pacific is more favorable
than at any time prior to World War II.
President Truman was sworn in while World War II was
still raging: President Eisenhower assumed office amid the
burden of the Korean War: Presidents Kennedy and Johnson
inherited both the beginning of America's deep ink.oivemer:t
ill indochina and a policy to contain China which. with time,
became counterproductive: President Nixon took office
after the Southeast Asian involvement had become a full-
scale war: and President Ford was sworn in as America's
policy in Indochina was rapidly failing.
Thus, relative to the problems that recent Presidents have
faced. President ('arter will be confronted by few pressing
issues in Asia and the Pacific.
- American forces are not involved in conflict in Asia.
Only the 40.000 l S. troops in Korea remain on the Asian
mainland.
- Except for relations with Vietnam. Cambodia. Laos and
North Korea. which are kept distant by choice, relations with
Japan and all other nations in the region are good.
- U.S. policy toward China has changed from containment
to one which recognizes reality.
-- The dire predictions of a loss of American prestige
throughout Asia as a consequence of the collapse of
American-supported regimes in Indochina have not
materialized.
- The Association of Southeast Asian Nations has made
promising steps toward regional cooperation.
The factors augur well for President Carter as he begins to
plot a course for American policy in Asia. But the slate is not
clean. There are potential trouble spots and problems which
must be dealt with. Among these are:
1. Of foremost importance is the question of normalizing
relations with the People's Republic of China. America's
relations with the country that contains one-fourth the pop-
ulation of the globe have been at a stalemate since liaison of-
fices were established in Peking and Washington three and a
half years ago. The Taiwan issue is the only obstacle to nor-
malization. I suspect. the U.S. policy of not facing up to this
problem has been largely for political reasons relating, first,
to President Nixon's Watergate problems and, later, to
President Ford's campaign for re-election. Further delay in
facing up to the Taiwan issue could make the ultimate deci-
sion more difficult and controversial. I believe that a way can
be found to protect America's interests in Taiwan.
2. Nearly a quarter century after the end of their war, the
basic conflict between North and South Korea remains un-
resolved. As the last vestige of American military involve-
ment on the Asian mainland, American troops in South
Korea maintain units in front-line positions. These United
(See CARTER, Page 7)
EIGHTY CENTS
JANUARY 1977
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATING
SERVICES
We will estimate the cost of your construction
project any place in the world.
We have a complete staff of professional estimators
that can estimate any type of construction project,
any size and any trade.
If you are planning to build a: road, bridge, dam,
railroad, hotel, office building, housing, hospital,
school, pipeline, pump station, chemical plant,
refrigeration plant, power station, sewerage plant,
electrical plant, oil plant, harbor facilities, new
city, building, complex, utility plant or any type of
Fonstruction project contact us and we will estimate
the materials required, labor and all costs.
If you are planning to renovate, upgrade, remodel,
add an addition to an existing project contact us
and we will do all the estimating that is required for
material, labor and all costs.
Charles Krull, President
International Construction Estimating Services, Ltd.
616 Sixth Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11215 U.S.A.
Cable INTESTSER Telex ITT 421504
MAO TSETUNG Poems
Four Essays on Philosophy
Selected Readings from the Works
of Mao Tsetung
Selected Works, 4 Volumes
Selected Military Writings
----------------------
ORDER FORM
-Poems, pa. $1.00
Poems, cl. $2.50
Four Essays on Philosophy, pa. 60'
Selected Readings from the Works of Mao
Tsetung, cl. $2.25
Selected Readings from the Works of Mao
Tsetung, pa. $1.75
Selected Works, 4 volumes, cl. $15.00
- Selected Works, 4 volumes, pa. $10.00
Selected Military writings, pa. $2.75
- Selected Military Writings, red pl. $1.25
I enclose $ - for the above, including
sales tax in the states of California, New York
and Illinois; in addition, 500 postage and han-
dling on orders under $5
Name
Address
City State Z
Please send free catalog of books, maga-
iines, etc.
Send to:
CHINA BOOKS &
PERIODICALS, INC.
2929-24th Street, San Francisco CA 94110
125 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 1(X)03
210 W. Madison Street, Chicago IL 60606
CURRENT EVENTS
-CHINA-
Foreign Broadcast Information Service
Daily Report: People's Republic of China
... 20,000 PRC news releases a year
... Fully translated
... Published avery day
... Contact J. Apistolas
National Technical Information Service
Springfield, Virginia 22161
[phone]
Index to FBIS Daily Report: PRC
Every article indexed
Detailed subject breakdown
... Contact James P. Murray, Ph.D.
NewsBank, Inc.
22 West Putnam Avenue
Greenwich, Connecticut 06830
[phone]
Survey of PRC Press
... Comprehensive reporting
... Complete translations
... Contact J. Apistolas
National Technical Information Service
Springfield, Virginia 22161
[phone]
DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS
ON JAPAN AND KOREA 1969-1974
A CLASSIFIED BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
LISTING OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH
COMPILED AND EDITED BY
FRANK JOSEPH SHULMAN
V
A-
tl91
The latest guide to academic work on Asia compiled
and edited by Frank Joseph Shulman. This publication
contains nearly 1500 entries for research undertaken at
universities throughout the United States and in fifteen
other countries. The entries provide detailed
bibliographical data including information about the
availability of the dissertation typescripts and the loca-
tion of published summaries in Dissertation Abstracts
International. Send for your complimentary copy.
To, Ms. Gloria Worrell, University Microfilms Inter-
national 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48106
Would you kindly send me complimentary
copy/copies of Doctoral Dissertations on Japan and
Korea by Frank Joseph Shulman. Thank you very much.
Name:
Address:
Letters...
Korea Human Rights
Dear Editor:
I would like to congratulate Mr. Earl Voss for writing such
a soothing article-'on "Human Rights" (THE ASIA MAIL.
Nov. 1976). I certainly enjoyed reading the article and I have
no doubt that there will be many Koreans as well as our
American friends who felt the same way as I did about the
article. I do hope that Mr. Voss' thoughts on Korea will
reflect in the foreign policy of (the) Carter administration.
Ei Whan Pai. President
Overseas Economic Research Institute
Seoul. Korea
Cheers
Dear Editor:
THE ASIA MAIL is really very good - an impressive job!
Mrs. John W. Pratt
Publicity Director
Harvard University Press
On China Ties
Dear Editor:
Thank you for the interesting copy of THE ASIA MAIL. It
will fill a great need and I wish you success.
I certainly subscribe to the belief that our relations with
continental China must be adjusted. I do not believe we are
justified in sacrificing the interests of the Formosan Chinese
as we seem now so ready to do.
Americans seem always so ready to slip back into the old
sentimental attachment to China, the patronizing missionary
Big Brother approach now transmuted into political terms.
Don't let THE ASIA MAIL become a resurrected I.P.R.
production. Be sure the hard-liners get a hearing as well as
the China-lovers.
What are we to do if Chiang Ching-kuo thanks us one day
for our past help and then announces that he has invited
Moscow to become his protector and guarantor? I wish one
of your proposed symposia could review the alternative
courses that may be possible.
Geroge H. Kerr
Honolulu, Hawaii
Prophet of Doom
Dear Editor:
Robert Ichord is a prophet of doom. Unfortunately, he's
right!
His article "Nuclear Technology Diffusion in Asia" in the
December issue of THE ASIA MAIL certainly gave me pause
for considerable reflection.
It's frightening to think that ten years ago no one in Asia
had either nuclear power or nuclear weapons. Now, two
Asian giants are capable of blowing everybody up and -
from the Ichord article - others will soon follow.
Ten years from now, who won't have nuclear weapons in
Asia? That's the question that needs answering. What will
become of us when the likes of Kim II-sung, Park Chung-hee,
Ferdinand Marcos and Lee Kuan-yew are armed with
nuclear weapons?
President Carter, a nuclear technician, has his work cut
out for himself.
Arthur Foley
Seattle. Washington
Pro-Military Bias
Dear Editor:
Your December banner-headline "Thailand Seeks
Stability" shows the obvious pro-military bias of THE ASIA
MAIL. Actually. the October 6 coup was the most de-
stabilizing event to occur in Southeast Asia since the Tonkin
Gulf incident of ten years ago.
When Thailand had its democracy. Southeast Asians had a
chance at regional cooperation in the aftermath of the In-
dochina war.
The military coup undermines all possibility of coopera-
tion and makes another Indochina war inevitable ... hardly
a "stabilizing" development.
Stewart Potter
Kansas City
The Asia Mail January 1971
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
Consulting Editors
Russell Brines
John Burgess
Chang Kuo-sin
Parris H. Chang
Arthur Ciervo
Tillman Durdin
William Glenn
Stanley Karnow
Nicholas H. Ludlow
Ruth Lor Malloy
Arthur C. Miller
Edward Neilan
Melvin W. Searls Jr.
R.H. Shackford
Sterling Slappey
Earl H. Voss
Anne Willis
Executive Editor
Phillip L. Anderson
Associate Editors
Donna Gays
Jay Henderson
Fred Watson
Advertising Coordinator
Joan M. Stapleton
Advertising Assistant
Phyllis Hanlon
Circulation-Promotion
Leonard Himaka
Mailing Addresses:
Editorial & Adver-
tising:
The Asia Mail
P.O. Box 1044
Alexandria, Va. 22313
Tel: [phone]
Subscription:
The Asia Mail
Subscription Dept.
P.O. Box 942
Farmingdale, New
York 11737
Advertising
Representatives
West Coast:
Charles C. Keely Jr.
304 South LaBrea Ave.
Los Angeles, Calif.
90036
Tel: [phone]
Hawaii:
Crossroads Press Inc.
Stephen S. Lent, Vice.
Pres.
P.O. Box 833
Honolulu, Hawaii 96808
Tel: [phone]
Editorial con-
tributions are welcome
and should be address-
ed to "The Editor." It
is preferable to query
before sending a com-
pleted manuscript or
artwork. Every effort
will be made to return
manuscripts but The
Asia Mail is not respon-
sible for their loss.
THE ASIA MAIL is published
monthly by Potomac-Asia Com-
munications, Inc., 128 So. Royal St.,
Alexandria, Virginia 22314.
Subscription Rates: 811 per year.
Students $9. Foreign $18. Canadian
subscriber, add $1 to the U.S. rates.
Application to mail at controlled
circulation rates is pending at Alex-
andria, Virginia.
Copyright (U 1876 by Potomac-
Asia Communications Inc. All
rights reserved. Application for ti-
tle registration has been made to
U.S. Patent Office.
Postmaster: Send Form 3579 to
The Asia Mail, P.O. Box 942, Far-
mingdale. N.Y. 11737.
"AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC"
THE ASIA MAIL
Vol. 1 No. 4
Contents for January 1977
Jimmy Carter's Asia ...........................1
On Japan's Economic Vitality ................... 4
On Tokyo's Steel Imports ....................... 5
Dimensions of Islam: Review ................... 6
U.S. Military in Asia ........................... 7
`True Confessions' of a
Foreign Service Wife ....................... 9
Think Asia!: Column ......................... 10
U.S. Policy in the Mekong . . . . . . ............... 12
Ring of Fire III: Review ...................... 14
India's Economic Comeback ................... 15
Yankee Teacher in Japan: Review . . . . . . ........ 17
New Asian Immigrants . . . . . . .................. 18
Style Dims Warrior: Review ................... 18
The Last Word: Faces of Asia ................. 23
Letters ....................................... 2
Bookshelf ...................................19
Classified ................................... 20
Bulletin Board ............................... 22
Sen. John Sparkman
Scott Runkle
Richard P. Simmons
Bernice Williams Foley
Stefan H. Leader
Bailey Morris
Ruth Lor Mallo
Michael Morrow
Donna Gays
Jeremiah Novak
Earl R. V
NARML-Emi
Page 4
Page 10
Page 12
January 1977 The Asia Mail
Isao Fujimoto
Arielle Emmett
Contributors
SEN. JOHN SPARKMAN, Chairman of the Senate Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations, wrote this month's cover arti-
cle on "Jimmy Carter's Asia" at the invitation of THE ASIA
MAIL.
SCOTT RUNKLE is a consultant to the Embassy of Japan
and to the U.S.-Japan Trade Council.
RICHARD P. SIMMONS is president of Allegheny Ludum
Steel Corporation and Chairman of the Committee on Inter-
national Trade of the American Iron and Steel Institute.
BERNICE WILLIAMS FOLEY is currently Director of the
Martha Kinney Cooper Ohioana Library in Columbus. She
lived three years in China where she taught at the Nanking
Language College.
STEFAN H. LEADER is a senior analyst with the Center for
Defense Information in Washington, DC.
BAILEY MORRIS writes regularly for The Washington Star.
RUTH LOR MALLOY is author of "Travel Guide to the
People's Republic of China" published by William Morrow &
Co., Inc.
MICHAEL MORROW, a free-lance journalist now based in
Hong Kong, has lived in Asia for the past ten years.
DONNA GAYS is an Associate Editor of THE ASIA MAIL.
JEREMIAH NOVAK is a businessman who just returned
from an extended stay in India. After six years in Asia, he
now lives in State College, Pennsylvania.
EARL H. VOSS, former Diplomatic Correspondent of The
Washington Star, is a Consulting Editor of THE ASIA MAIL.
ISAO FUJIMOTO teaches community development in the
Department of Applied Behavioral Sciences at the University
of California, Davis. He is working on a book "Views From
The Other Side," chronicling the Asian experience in
America.
ARIELLE EMMETT'S first contribution to THE ASIA
MAIL was "China Images: Review" which appeared in our
November 1976 issue. Her home and writing base is New
York City.
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
On Japan's Economic Vitality
Scott Runkle
Economic experts are in general agreement that inter-
national economic recovery will be as critical as it will be dif-
ficult. The New York Times' leading economic writer,
Leonard Silk, even states that: "the most acute economic dif-
ficulties that Mr. Carter is likely to face as President will be
global".
In this global context, there exists a little-understood
paradox as regards Japan. On one hand, U.S. steel and
electronic manufacturers are increasingly vociferous in their
protests about American purchases of competitive Japanese
goods. And in Europe, the outcry against Japanese imports
becomes ever-louder.
On the other hand, Japan itself is troubled by the fact that
its industrial production has slumped for the third month in a
row, with consumer spending also down, while its inflation is
hovering around 10 per cent.
Therein lies a paradox which is worrisome not only to
Japan, but also to the United States. Japan, lfke the U.S., is
one of the "locomotive" economies; the health of its $58
billion market for imports from dozens of nations affects in
substantial measure the rate of world recovery. Conversely,
when the Japanese economy is in the doldrums, as it appears
to be now, international recovery is slowed.
The ever-closer interdependence of the economies of the
United States, Japan and Western Europe is one of the
critical considerations for the U.S. and Japanese
governments. However, the special circumstances of Japan's
economy are still little understood in the United States, mak-
ing it tempting to use Japan (and particularly its export sur-
plus to the U.S.) as a handy "whipping boy".
Far more than any other major, industrial nation, Japan
was severely mauled by the oil crisis of 1973 and its after-
math. Japan is almost wholly dependent on imported oil (80
per cent from the Middle East) for its energy, unlike the
United States, which not only has domestic oil, but also large
supplies of coal and natural gas. Whereas Japan paid $6
billion for its oil imports in 1973, it now pays a staggering $20
billion for a smaller quantity of oil. The oil crisis triggered a
devastating inflation in Japan (at a yearly rate of over 30 per
cent at one time) and, when the government had to apply the
deflationary brakes, caused a severe recession. Moreover,
Japan ran a large deficit in its balance of payments in this
AUTHENTIC JAPANESE PINBALL MACHINE
rACMTMKO
Exotic and colorful. A game with 32" high
lots of action requiring skill and
dexterity. Steel balls whirl
through mazes, wheels and p V
jackpots. =7 , ,
LIGHTS FLASH! BELLS RING!
~
~~?
..
Pachinko machines such as _
these are played daily by 80 ?
million Japanese. The machine
you order has been in service
h
in a casino along the Ginza in
Tokyo. Each machine is
thoroughly reconditioned and
will provide years of flawless
performance.
SALE PRICE 5995 t~sl
Reg. 57995
Stand and 300 balls incl.
PLEASE RUSH ME_PACHINKO PINBALL
MACHINES.
Name:
Address:
Send check, money order, BAC or MC (give Exp
date & MC bank no ) Del add] 1 week return privilege
PA( -1NKO Mouse
3410 Clairmont Road NE Atlanta, Georgia 30319
[phone] Dept B
difficult period: $10.0 billion in 1973, $6.8 billion in 1974 and
$2.7 billion in 1975.
Only in early 1975 did Japan begin to emerge from its
long recession. As the U.S. economy picked up steam, the de-
mand for imports of Japanese automobiles, electronic
products and steel rose sharply. Japan's world-wide exports
increased by 19 per cent through September 1976. with most
of this increase reflecting growing demand in the United
States and other industrialized nations. U.S. imports from
Japan rose 35 per cent over 1975 (when such imports actually
dropped 10.4 per cent). Largely on the strength of its buoyant
export sector, as well as on the expansion of domestic
demand, Japan's real GNP shot up 13.4 per cent in the first
quarter of 1976, but grew only 4.5 per cent in the second
quarter and, according to Japan's Economic Planning Agen-
cy, slumped to 1.3 per cent growth in the third quarter.
Because its recovery was slower and shallower than that of
the United States, Japans' overall imports rose only 10.5 per
cent in the first three quarters of 1976, making for a con-
siderable global trade surplus during this period. As the year
progressed. however, export growth slowed (as predicted)
while imports picked up more rapidly.
The most dramatic increase in Japan's imports was from
developing nations, and notably those of Asia. Most Asian
nations registered a sharp increase in their exports to Japan
in 1976, and those of South Korea. Taiwan. Singapore and
Malaysia were up by 50 per cent to 100 per cent in the first
nine months of 1976. greatly stimulating the economic
recovery of these nations.
At first glance. Japan's trade position looks enviable.
However, Japan imports far more services than it exports
and it must therefore export more goods than it imports -
an important but inadequately understood factor in its
foreign economic relations. This is the reverse of Great
Britain, for example. which traditionally has a surplus in "in-
visible trade" to offset a trade deficit. This "invisible" factor
is so important for Japan that "the Japanese economy could
not survive without a surplus of trade balance," as explained
by the Embassy's Financial Minister, Mr. Fujio Matsumuro,
speaking in late 1976 before the National Foreign Trade
Council in New York.
In the first nine months of 1976. Japan's invisible trade
balance (mostly transportation, insurance. tourism and
repatriation of profits) was $4.6 billion in deficit, while its
merchandise balance of trade was $6.6 billion in surplus -
making a net surplus of $2 billion. Moreover. almost all of
Japan's invisible deficit is with the United States and
Western European countries. In 1974, for example, its total
invisible deficit was $5.8 billion, of which $2.8 billion was
with the United States and $1.5 billion with Great Britain.
Thanks to its merchandise trade surplus, Japan showed a
modest balance of payments surplus of $2.2 billion during the
first 10 months of 1976, after three years in which it suffered
an aggregate deficit of $19.6 billion. While this short-term
reversal is welcome. it constitutes no bonanza for Japan.
which will still show a huge four-year (1972 through 1976)
deficit of approximately $17 billion in its balance of
payments. This, rather than Japan's current (and possibly
short-lived) surplus in its merchandise trade balance, is the
salient fact of Japan's international economic position.
In sum, weighing the invisible deficit against the merchan-
dise surplus. Japan is by no means taking advantage of its
trading partners. nor is it "getting rich" on its apparent trade
surplus.
What about Japan's exports to the United States' Japan
does not force its products on American consumers, nor are
these products produced by "cheap labor", nor are they
"dumped" in the U.S. market. Today. Japanese goods are
often more expensive than comparable American-made
merchandise. and must compete on the basis of quality and
reliability. Typical examples of this are Sony color TV sets,
which cost $50 to $100 more than most other sets of com-
parable size, and Nikon cameras. which are prized for their
quality despite high price tags. Likewise. Japanese cars are
sought after by American consumers as being high in quality.
style and dependability, not necessarily because they are
cheap.
American consumers have shown great preference for
such Japanese products. During the first 10 months of 1976.
although sales of foreign cars in the U.S. decreased to 14.9
per cent of the total U.S. market compared with 19.3 per cent
last year. Japanese cars were so popular that they
represented 60.5 per cent of total import sales as contrasted
with 51.3 per cent in 1975. Toyota and Datsun are the best-
selling imports, with Honda now overtaking Volkswagen for
third place.
Likewise in electronics, Japanese tape recorders, stereo
sets. pocket computers, color TV sets and CB radios are in
heavy demand by American consumers (7.7 million Japanese
CB sets alone were imported in the first 9 months of 1976).
Steel is another matter, where price is important. but
where Japanese mills have no built-in advantage. On the con-
trary, overall raw material costs of iron ore, coking coal and
energy are actually higher in Japan than in the United States,
and wages (including fringe benefits) are comparable. Yet
Japanese steel is highly competitive in world markets,
primarily because of modern equipment. advanced
technology and high productivity.
Indeed, production costs of Japan's steel industry soared
by 56.3 per cent (mostly in raw material and energy costs) in
the period 1970-75, while production costs in the United
States were up only 9.3 per cent. Even with this disadvan-
tage, Japan's steel prices for heavy plates and sheets (for ex-
ample) rose substantially less than comparable U.S. prices.
thereby improving the competitive position of Japanese steel
in world markets and even in the United States.
A striking illustration of Japan's handicap is coking coal.
Japan's coking coal comes mostly from West Virginia - the
same source for Pittsburgh's steel mills. But whereas this
coal travels only a few dozen miles to Pittsburgh. to get to
Japan it must go by train to Newport News, Virginia before
making the long sea voyage to Japan. Despite such intrinsic
disadvantages, Japan's exports of finished steel were 33
million tons in 1975, of which 9.9 million went to Asia. 6.3
million to the United States. 5 million to the Middle East and
4.1 million to Western Europe. The United States bought
less than 20 per cent of Japan's steel exports in 1975. con-
trasted with 53 per cent in 1968.) In 1975. moreover. in order
to produce this steel, Japan bought $1.7 billion of U.S. coking
coal and $277 million of U.S. scrap.
The competitive position of Japanese products in U.S. and
world markets has been obtained despite Japan's almost
total lack of raw materials and energy, and despite its great
distance from most large industrial markets. Basically,
Japan must "live on its wits" and its skills as a processing
economy, being alert to marketing new products quickly and
taking advantage of new techniques for producing them ef-
ficiently.
Examples of alert Japanese entrepreneurship are
numerous, ranging from the early introduction by Japan of
transistorized radios and TV sets to development of relative-
ly pollution-free automobiles well before Detroit. Looking
toward the future, Japan has already developed a new
electric car which has a range of 300 miles without charging
batteries and a top speed of 60 miles per hour.
Not only do Japanese consumer products meet a real de-
mand and need in the United States (and in many other
countries) but, in the case of steel, the availability of
efficiently-produced and price-competitive Japanese steel is
an important deterrent to inflation in an industry which has a
long history of inflating prices in the absence of such com-
petition.
Nonetheless, despite high consumer demand for Japanese
products, U.S. steel and electronics manufacturers are ex-
pected to press for new protectionist barriers against
Japanese products in early 1977. They are expected to point
to Japan's trade surplus with the United States as evidence
(See JAPAN, Page 17)
The'> 'sia'Mail January w7
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
On Tokyo's Steel Exports
Richard P. Simmons
The U.S. Steel industry is continually being urged to achieve
a greater degree of economic efficiency and, indeed, we are
committed as an industry to allocate huge sums to this ongo-
ing goal. But domestic industry competitiveness is only one
side of the economic equation. Another side is foreign trade
policy.
If the U.S. and international trade policies are such that
they condone or ignore practices by which other
governments through agreements or understandings can
manipulate access to the American market - without our
knowledge or without our concurrence as a government --
then these policies need to be overhauled. Otherwise. the
domestic steel industry and its workers are operating under a
false premise, namely. that increased productivity and ef-
ficiency are the answer to foreign competition.
Our steel industry which provides the country with its
supply of steel mill products. is a major industrial compo-
nent of the U.S. economy. Combined steel company employ-
ment approximates 700.000 persons. including those in
mining. transportation and other non-steel related
operations. In 1975. these workers received almost $10 billion
in wages and salaries.
Manufacturing companies and other users requiring steel
as their basic raw material. employ millions of workers of
the U.S. economy. Before they can allocate capital for expan-
sion. they must have guaranteed access to an assured source
of steel for at least a major portion of their requirements.
Thus economic growth in the U.S. and growth of industrial
job opportunities depend in substantial part on an adequate
supply of steel.
But just as the United States can no longer take for granted
the adequacy of its national energy supply. neither can it
assume that the future supply of steel will always be ade-
quate for our national requirements. Formidable economic
barriers to the necessary expansion of steelmaking capacity
are a major concern of the American steel industry. They are
also at the heart of the world steel industry's concern.
It is clear our domestic economy needs an expansion of
steelmaking capacity if our economy is to continue to grow
and if we are to remain strong as a nation.
The current outlook gives us no assurance that the substan-
tial gap between the steel .industry's capital requirements
and its potential future sources of funds can be bridged. If
profitability and capital availability do not improve, the
economic consequences are obvious: scarcities of many steel
products: fewer new jobs created: fewer existing jobs main-
tained. slower economic growth and increased dependency
on uncertain foreign sources.
Steel expansion must occur in this country. if the U.S. is to
have a supply adequate for future growth conditions. And
from the viewpoint of real comparative advantage, it makes
sense to expand in the ITS.. since our industry is now one of
the two most efficient low-cost producers in the world, with
an ample home supply of raw materials.
Steel. for the past fifteen years. has been a deficit account
in the U.S. balance of trade. Last year imports into the
United States exceeded exports by $2.2 billion. For the first
nine months of this year, the deficit is already $1.9 billion.
Compared to the rest of the world. the American steel in-
dustry ranks among a diminishing minority. We operate as a
private enterprise industry within a world steel industry
directly and indirectly supported by foreign governments.
Today an estimated 44' of world raw steel production is un-
der direct government ownership.
Foreign government ownership and subsidies in steelmak-
ing do not necessarily create an efficient steel industry. and
are not something we envy. On this score. the American in-
dustry's business performance can be compared to that of its
leading world competitors. With respect to productivity of
capital. although inadequate by any yardstick. the U.S. in-
dustry is clearly the world leader in return on assets
employed. With respect to the efficiency of labor utilization
-- that is man hours per ton produced -- our industry and
Japan's - about equal --are the world leaders.
But foreign government ownership. subsidies. and social
policies do affect the international conditions under which
we must compete both at home and abroad. Labor is regard-
ed as a fixed cost in many foreign steel industries. In order to
maintain employment in their own steel sectors. foreign
suppliers come into market on the low side of the cycle with
imports at prices not reflecting their full costs of production.
and therefore their true comparative advantage. They leave
on the high cycles. The cyclical swings for the t1 S. producers
are thus amplified, resulting in less efficient production.
higher costs. and discouraging future investment. The im-
January 1977. Tjie Asia Mail
pact on U.S. steel employment is naturally traumatic. We ful-
ly understand that,if we want our kind of economy to con-
tinue. then competition must prevail not only with other
economies. but among ourselves. We do not want to cartelize
the steel industry and would refuse to participate in any
arrangements designed to fix production rates or prices in
our own or world markets.. even if proferred to us. We do not
want trade policy assistance from our government but we do
not know how to compete with foreign companies who do
not have to earn a profit or generate capital for investment.
Nor do we intend to ignore the increasingly blatant violation
of U.S. and international law in the trade area.
We shall continue to press for steel sector discussions in
GATT, to alleviate the problems inherent in governmental
intervention in steel trade and foreign commercial practices
which reflect these interventions. Unless a concerted effort
is undertaken by the U.S. and other steel producing nations
to respond to the need for a truly effective steel sector
negotiation. we can only look forward to continued inter-
national trade friction in steel. It would be a sad commentary
if lack of cooperation among governments were to yield
negative rather than positive results in the steel trade sector.
As to the current arrangement between Europe and Japan.
unfortunately. the evidence we are presenting here today
does not apply just to a one-time agreement through the year
1976. There is clear evidence that steel restraint agreements
between Europe and Japan. if allowed, are bound to con-
tinue into the future. And the evidence indicates that such
agreements will develop between Europe and other
countries exporting steel to the EEC.
For our government officials who are concerned about
trade liberalization, these developments taking place in the
world steel market should be cause for consternation. Let me
cite some facts. Imports into most of the developing
countries are already controlled, largely to protect their
domestic steel industries. Japan is a closed market for im-
ports: only 200.000 metric tons were imported in 1974. The
European Economic Community is rapidly becoming a con-
trolled market for imports.
The result: only the United States. and a few smaller ex-
traneous markets remain free and open to imports. Is this
what trade liberalization is all about? Should we stand idly by
as a government and permit the constriction of world steel
trade to take place, while thereby increasing the deflection of
steel into the United States market? Let me read from the In-
dustrial Bank of Japan. September. 1976 Quarterly Sum-
mary:
"Turning to market geography. the creation of an export
cartel within the Japanese steel industry means that a cut-
back in exports to the expanded EEC market will probably
be unavoidable. This phenomenon should be balanced out by
major growth in exports both to the United States and those
two giants of the Communist world. China and the Soviet
union. For an industry like steel. which had to withstand the
cold blast of the 1975 recession. the bright prospects for 1976
exports and the economic recovery they will fuel is a warm-
ing sign indeed."
To condone this parceling of the international
marketplace. with the U.S. the one major open world
market. is to condone the perpetuation of a double standard
for steel trade policy. If our industry is efficient and cost
competitive. should it be weakened by bilateral actions large-
ly of other nations who seek protection of their home
markets and free access to ours'' This is what our case is all
about.
Let me call your attention to some recent developments
which lend support to my contention that we are witnessing
only the beginning of trade-deflecting bilateral
arrangements.
On July 21. 1976 the European Commission came forward
with a document entitled. "The Problems of the Steel In-
dustry". The document is popularly known as the Simonet
Plan. referring to Mr. Simonet who is a member of the EC
and whose responsibilities include the Steel
Directorate. The Simonet Plan consists essentially of three
parts:
1. Analysis and continuous statistical monitoring of the
steel markets:
2. Improved coordination of investment trends leading
eventually to equilibrium between supply and demand: and
3. Initiation of appropriate procedures in the event of a
crisis. on the basis of indicators defined in advance.
What concerns us as an industry and should concern the
trade officials in the U.S. Government is how under part
three the E(' intends to regulate imports of steel
duringperiods of self-proclaimed "crisis." As we understand
the anti-crisis plan which is to become operational in early
1977, the Commission intends to issue production guidelines
and to fix minimum reference prices in a crisis situation.
But. for the domestic measures to be effective, the Com-
munity plan intends that steel imports will be indexed to
production.
How does the Simonet plan propose to regulate imports?
Permit me to quote from a recent European report sum-
marizing Mr. Simoneh's statement before a meeting on
November 25 of the ECSC Consultative Committee:
"... it is not a question of fixing import quotas, but by
negotiation the Commission will merely try to secure a
reasonable attitude from the steel exporting countries who
should be able to adapt their deliveries to the Common
Market to the production cuts adopted by the Community
steel industry."
During the course of the debate on November 25, a
representative of the French iron and steel industry
reportedly stated that "the fixing of import quotas should be
avoided since this is bound to lead to retaliatory measures
which would affect other economic sectors of the Com-
munity." A representative of the Luxembourg iron and steel
industry "stressed," according to the report. that "the
success of the anti-crisis plan will largely depend on the ex-
tent to which certain third countries agree to limit their ex-
ports. The ideal solution would be for these reductions to
correspond to the production cuts made by the European in-
dustry."
So. here we are confronted with a plan that may become
effective in a few weeks in which the European Common
Market is emphasizing its intent to encourage restraint
arrangements with Japan and other steel exporting countries
whenever the European steel market is in a crisis situation.
The European objective is clear: Avoid the imposition of
formal import quotas because this may lead to GATT com-
plications and the threat of retaliation: instead, achieve
restraint of trade by use of so-called voluntary bilateral
restraints which are simply transparent ploys to avoid ac-
cusations that such agreements are clear violations of GATT.
It should not come as a surprise to those involved in mul-
tilateral trade negotiations that cooperation has not been
forthcoming from the EEC or Japan on the issue of steel sec-
tor trade negotiations. or on reform of the GATT safeguard
procedures. In fact, why should we expect any such coopera-
tion when the European Coal and Steel Community develops
bilateral solutions to their problems while continuing their
policy of increasing exports to the U.S.?
Moreover. as long as Europe continues to exert voluntary
bilateral pressure on Japan and other exporting nations to
restrain steel imports. GATT Article XIX dealing with
safeguards will be meaningless. Japan may also wish to avoid
(See STEEL, Page 21)
1NA
Old and New
A Series of Fifteen Filmstrips
by John King Fairbank,
Chairman of The Council on
East Asian Studies
For the China Trader,
An Ideal Introduction to China
China Old and New is a brilliant and compact in-
troduction to China, perfect for businessmen who
want to acquire a grasp of China's history, politics,
and culture. Based on an outstanding collection of
visual materials at Harvard, and written and nar-
rated by America's foremost China expert, China Old
and New can be used as
-an orientation program for overseas execu-
tives:
-an education program for the home office:
-a refresher course for individuals with some
knowledge of China's post.
China Old and is available on a preview basis. For
more information, return this coupon:
Dept. AM
Audio-Visual Division
Harvard University Press
79 Garden Street
Cambridge MA 021 38
Name
Company:
Address
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
Special to
Asia Mall Readers
Braddock Publications, Inc. is now offering the 1977 edition of its ac-
claimed FEDERAL-STATE-LOCAL GOVERNMENT DIRECTORY to Asia
Mail Readers at the pre-publication price of only $4.25 each-a savings of
$70 per copy. (Retail Price is $4.95). This offer expires January 31, 1977.
The Directory will contain the new changes in the Carter White House,
Executive Departments, the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, In-
dependent Agencies, Regulatory Agencies, Congressional Committees
and Subcommittees; Governors, State Legislative leaders; quasi-govern-
mental organizations; mayors of major cities; telephone sources of the
latest government statistical information, and protocol forms of address.
Send to: Braddock Publications Inc., 1028 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite
905, Washington, D.C: 20036.
Please send me copies at $4.25 each, plus $35 each for
postage and handling (Total $4.70). All prepaid orders sent postage paid.
Name
Address
City State Zip
The Directory is scheduled to be available in March, 1977.
Introducing the world's most
respected view on games
Quite simply, Games & Puzzles
Magazine is unique. There is no other
publication quite like it anywhere in the
world.
Started four years ago by a small
team of games experts, games inventors
and journalists who were games
devotees, Games & Puzzles has since
grown substantially to become
recognised throughout the world as the
leading authority on games, games
inventions and games playing.
The magazine is witty, entertaining,
and most of all objective and highly
informed: its subscription list reads like
a who's who of the games world.
So if you're interested in playing,
inventing or even making games, it's the
one publication in the world you really
can't afford to miss.
What Games & Puzzles has to offer
Games & Puzzles examines the world
of games every month with three points
in mind: to provide a totally
independent, objective viewpoint; to be
authoritative; and to provide its readers
with a thoroughly readable and
entertaining magazine.
We write our magazine for people
With the increasing
interest in wargames
and wargaming we have
recently added a special
section on wargames,
incorporating reviews of
published games, advice
on tactics, articles on
the history and nriuins
Classical games
Our chess section, `Chess for
Everyone' is written for the social
chessplayer, not the expert.
You'll also find regular articles on the
other classical games: backgammon,
draughts, dominoes, etc.
Catering for the crossword
enthusiast
We are generally
acknowledged to have
the world's leading
crossword compilers
among our
contributors.
You'll find interesting
articles written for both
the expert and the
beginner and, of course,
a number of absorbing
puzzles to solve in
every issue.
Oriental games
Games originated in the Orient, so
it's hardly surprising that some of the
world's greatest games are to be found
there - Go, Shogi, Mah-Jong.
like you: people who simply enjoy
playing games.
Keeping up with new games
We have our own panel of games
experts who systematically test and
report on new games. Over the last four
years we've reviewed over 300 games,
rating and reporting on them all for our
readers.
Keeping up with new books
Every month we review new books on
games, puzzles, crosswords and any
other games subjects which we feel
might be of interest to our readers.
We look at them all, explain the
principles, investigate the tactics and
tell you where to find them.
Puzzles and competitions
No magazine on the world of games
could fail to explore the neighbouring
world of puzzles and competitions
We have pages of them, from the
simple to the highly erudite
Our monthly forum
Our readers' comments, criticisms,
notes and queries are freely aired in our
monthly forum.
Feature articles
Our editorial staff and guest
contributors can always be relied on to
provide articles of interest for you every
month on every conceivable aspect of
the world of games.
Our monthly report on the latest
news
A general melange of news, reviews
and interviews to keep our readers bang
up-to-date on the games world.
Unusual games. Where to get them
If you've read about or seen a game
(most likely in Games & Puzzles) and
want to know where to find it we'll tell
you where to look.
Or if it really is difficult to find we'll
get it for you, and then mail it to you.
Free Games Voucher with every
issue
Not only can we get you any game
you're looking for, but we also offer you
a 40p voucher with every issue of the
magazine towards your next games
purchase.
Our games testing
panel is always ready
and willing to offer
advice to readers who
are games inventors.
We can advise on the
various technical
aspects of games
invention, the
commercial prospects,
who to contact, and
even to test your game
for you.
Special Introductory Offer
For new subscribers we offer a
3-months' trial period so you can vouch
for yourself that our magazine really is
all we claim. (And you'll still be eligible
for the 4op games voucher offer;.
If, during the initial 3-month period,
you wish to cancel your subscription,
we will immediately refund you your
money in full.
Games and Puzzles
To: Circulation Manager
Games & Puzzles
i i Tottenham Court Road
London WiA 4XF
England
I enclose a cheque; money
order; postal order for
# ........for t(3 years
commencing ..................................
19 ....................
_.....
I und
s
d th
t I
er
tan
a
may at any
time during the initial 3-month
period cancel my subscription and
I reclaim my money in full.
Name ............................................
Address ..._ ................... _......... _...
..............
I Signed ......................... _...............
Subscription rates
;.hie ,.J. / h.e, ,.
Umtcd Kmgd-.,m (.4 %c (.14.40
othe[ e:oon[ncb ((-4C 4'e, 20
L' SA Canada $tzoc t;60o
Ile w - - - - a A
VOPAsGS s:
The Dimensions
Of Sufism
Mystical Dimensions of Islam
By Annemarie Schimmel
The University of North Carolina Press
1975, 506 pps. $14.95.
Bernice Williams Foley
In the author's own estimation, writing about Sufism. which
succinctly can be defined: "To find joy in the heart when
grief comes," is a difficult, almost impossible task. And yet,
Annemarie Schimmel. Professor of lndo-Muslim Culture at
Harvard University. has accomplished the impossible, as it
were, and has reached her goal in her chapters on this
religion's theosophic speculations, its history. psychology
and its mystical Persian poetry.
I.7aism is the accepted name for Islamic mysticism. Its two
iiiajor facets, scholarly theoretical discourses and popular
saint worship. bring to the devotees of Sufism the under-
standing that they have spiritually reached only what is
already within themselves.
Historically, the origin and early development of this
mysticism of the East were generated out of Muhammad's
own mysticism. Several specific theories attest to the above
statement. These, explained by the author, will interest
scholarly students. For the general reader, the portion of the
book devoted to Persian and Turkish mystical poetry has
great appeal. These poetic lines may be interpreted either as
mystical or erotic, and the dissension between these two
schools of thought is deep. Then - in a brief and surprising
statement -- the author denigrates both of these theories of
interpretation by writing. "Yet both claims are equally wide
of the mark."
Professor Schimmel believes that, in the typical lyric
poetry of these eastern countries. certain Islamic images
taken from the Koran and the Prophetic tradition can turn
into symbols of a purely aesthetic character. There is scarce-
ly a poem of the greatest masters of Persian. Turkish and
Urdu poetry that does not reflect the religious background of
Islamic culture. One must not look, therefore, for either a
purely mystical or for a purely profane interpretation of
these poems. Their ambiguity is intended. The poetry of
Sufism is a hybrid of the mystical and erotic. The author
declares that English translations lose much in opalescence
She stresses the importance of poetry in the study of Sufism
and she devotes many pages to this study. quoting poetic
lines and interpreting their meanings.
The Islamic roots of Sufism are deep. "Sufism is to possess
nothing and to be possessed by nothing." In its formative
period. Sufism meant mainly an interiorization of Islam and
the declaration that God is One. The Sufis have always
remained within Islam They designated Adam as the first
Sufi. endowed with God's spirit. After Adam's fall, he did
penitence in India for 300 years until he became a true Sufi.
The words of the Koran are the cornerstone of Sufic
mysticism. Herein are the beginnings of the Muslim belief in
free will and predestination. an unusual combination.
Muhammad is the first link in the spiritual chain of Sufism.
These mystics equate all earthy governments with evil. They
believe in color symbolism, with green being the highest and
heavenly color. They have the same spiritual divisions of
Heaven which correspond to those named in the Christian
Bible, the Terrestial. Telestial and Celestial Kingdoms of
God. These are the degrees of Heaven to which the souls
proceed after death. The degree is determined by that per-
son's purification achieved while still it his mortal body.
Fasting and sleeplessness are important parts of Sufism.
If this author has omitted any important facet of Sufism
during its historical development and that of its literature
(chiefly poetry). this reviewer is not aware of it.
Professor Schimmel's balanced treatment offers the
reader a fine. overall concept of mysterious Sufism. She ex-
plores its psychology and its religious orders. Her emphasis
on Islamic poetry is justified. The reader is not surprised to
learn from the inside jacket that Annemarie Schimmel has
had long acquaintance with and personal knowledge of
Turkey. Iran and the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. She has
published numerous books and translations in German.
Arabic and Turkish.
To paraphrase two lines in this book which read. "A man
asked Abu Hats. Who is a Sufi:" " -- we can say: the reader
of this volume will never again ask 'who is a Sufi." because
he now knows.
The Asia Mail Janaury 1977
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Approved For Release 2004110/28 CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
Problems for President Carter
Future of U.S. Military in Asia
Stefan H. Leader
When President Carter takes office on January 20th he will
find U.S. military forces in Asia and the Pacific in a state of
flux and uncertainty with numerous policy issues in need of
early attention. He will have the opportunity to exercise
strong leadership and make several important decisions on
the future of these "forward deployed" U.S. military units.
and by so-doing. put his personal mark on U.S. Asian policy.
There are now about 134,000 U.S. soldiers, sailors. airmen
and marines scattered across Asia and the Western Pacific.
The bulk of these forces are in Japan 145.000). South Korea
(40.000), the Philippines 114.600), Guam (9,600), or aboard
the 50 warships of the Navy's Seventh Fleet (18.900). The
remainder are scattered among Australia (700). Taiwan
(2200), Thailand (1200). Midway and Johnson Islands (about
1.000 total).
The largest U.S. military force in Asia is in South Korea.
and consists of about 33,000 soldiers, most with the Second
Infantry Division, and about 7,100 airmen supporting three
squadrons of F-4 Phantom fighter-bombers. The Navy has
only a very small force of about 200 officers and men in South
Korea. The U.S. also maintains about 600 nuclear weapons in
South Korea and U.S. officials have said they might be used
in the event of war.
U.S. ground troops and nuclear weapons in South Korea
were significant political issues in the U.S. even before
Jimmy Carter raised questions about them in the course of
his campaign. Carter's assertion, that if elected he would
withdraw U.S. ground forces and nuclear weapons from
South Korea, focused public attention on the matter once
again. Revelations about the oppressive policies of the Park
government and its use of bribery to foster a favorable
climate of opinion in the U.S. Congress have eroded support
for the U.S. presence in South Korea and could give Carter
Carter
(Continued From Page 1)
States forces inevitably will be involved in fighting if there is
an outbreak of hostilities. The tree-cutting incident which
resulted in the death of two American officers and the subse-
quent reinforcement of U.S. forces in the area clearly il-
lustrates the dangers inherent in the Korean situation.
Unfortunately, the continued presence of these troops has
been made to appear to he the symbol of the American com-
mitment to Koeea. Yet, the commitment to Korea is contain-
ed in the mutual security treaty with that country which
pledges that. in the event of an armed attack on South Korea,
the I U.S. will "act to meet the common danger in accordance
with its constitutional processes." That commitment will re-
main regardless of haw many American troops are on the
scene.
During the recent campaign. President-elect Carter stated
that he favored withdrawing U.S. ground forces "over a time
span to be determined after consultation with both South
Korea and .Japan." This basic approach was endorsed by
former Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird who said in a
recent interview: "South Korea doesn't need our ground
troops. American manpower is not the important thing:
South Korea has a two-to-one edge on the ground." The
defusing of the Korean situation will be one of the most sen-
sitive and vexing problems confronting the new Ad-
ministration.
3. Indochina is an area which also deserves early attention
by the President. It is time for American policy toward
Southeast Asia to look to the future and not the past. The
Ford Administration policy of opposing trade or other
elations with Vietnam. Cambodia and Laos, of vetoing Viet-
nam's application for admission to the United Nations and of
refusing to send an Ambassador to Laos has not been effec-
tive. This policy has not obtained information about
America's missing-in-action and it is out of step with the
policies being pursued by the non-Communist nations of
Southeast Asia. I am now persuaded that unless there is a
change in policies by the Vietnamese and Cambodians we are
far more likely to obtain information about our missing-in-
action through normal relations than through continuation of
the existing policy.
strong congressional support for a phased reduction of U.S.
ground troops in South Korea.
President Ford and Secretary of State Kissinger have
insisted that no changes be made in U.S. military forces in
South Korea on the grounds that any change in the status quo
would be destabilizing. They have expressed concern that
any withdrawal of U.S. forces might be seen as a sign of
weakness and might tempt an attack.
The future of U.S. military forces and bases in the Philip-
pines is also under a cloud as a result of efforts by the Marcos
government to alter the terms under which the U.S. makes
use of its three bases in the Philippines, the Subic Bay Naval
Base, Clark Air Force Base and Cubi Point Naval Air Station.
Negotiations have been under way since April 1976 on the
future status of these U.S. bases. The, Philippinos have
demanded that the U.S. acknowledge nominal Philippine
sovereignty over the bases by flying the Philippine flag and
appointing Philippine commanders. In addition the Marcos
government has demanded annual rental payments. This
could take the form of cash, additional military aid or both.
The attitude of President-elect Carter on the Philippine
base issue is a source of some uncertainty. It is possible that
Carter's interest in the moral dimension of foreign policy -
particularly human rights issues - could lead the new Ad-
ministration to take a somewhat more critical look at the
Marcos government and U.S. ties to it. If this were to occur it
could have major ramifications for the U.S. military
presence in the Philippines.
Another area where the future of U.S. ties is uncertain is
Taiwan. U.S. military forces on Taiwan have declined steadi-
ly since the U.S. and China signed the Shanghai cqmmunique
in 1972. and will probably continue to decline. However, a
substantial number of the 2200 military personnel remaining
on Taiwan are involved in mainland oriented intelligence ac-
tivities and there is some reluctance in the intelligence com-
4. Although relations with Japan are good, they could be
better. In the past. American policy has too often taken
Japan for granted. There should be closer consultation and
cooperation between the countries than in the past and there
should be no more shocks. as in the Nixon Administration.
5. In the Philippines, the negotiations for continuation of
the U.S. bases are likely to remain in abeyance until the new
Administration has time to assess the situation. With
goodwill on both sides and an appreciation of the importance
of the bases to both countries and to stability in the Pacific. I
am confident that satisfactory arrangements can be worked
out.
6. The October military coup in Thailand. which threw out
a fledgling parliamentary system, could eventually present
the United States with a dilemma. The final departure of
American military forces from Thailand last July was in the
interest of both countries. Any overture by the new Thai
government to turn back the clock in this respect should be
examined very carefully. In view of the smouldering in-
surgency in the northeast. Vietnamese suspicions of the new
government, and the existence of the multilateral SEATO
treaty which has practical application only to Thailand. the
seeds for trouble in Thailand may sprout. I hope that the new
Administration will be cautious in this situation.
7. Congressional concern over human rights matters is par-
ticularly acute when considering foreign aid provisions for
South Korea. the Philippines and Indonesia.
Congress has taken an active interest in foreign policy
matters relating to Asia in recent years and I expect that it
will continue to do so. President-elect Carter is well aware of
Congress' determination to play a more active role in the
shaping of foreign policy, as demonstrated by his November
23 meeting with the members of the Senate and House Com-
mittees which have primary responsibility for foreign policy
matters. The spirit of his meeting with members of the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations is a good omen for future
cooperation between the President and the Congress.
In summary. while the Asian scene surveyed by the newly
inaugurated President Carter is likely to be basically benign,
potential troubles lie ahead, and there is an agenda for ac-
tion.
munity to move these activities elsewhere. Assuming a con-
tinuing commitment by the new Administration to improved
relations with the PRC a solution to this problem will have to
be found.
The future of the mutual defense treaty with the
Nationalist government of Chiang Ching Kuo, presents a
somewhat more difficult problem. Recently Senatoo Man-
sfield returned from a trip to the People's Republic and urg-
ed immediate termination of the U.S. treaty with Taiwan.
Mansfield's statement has already generated opposition from
other senators. The future of the U.S. treaty with Taiwan will
undoubtedly be a difficult issue for the new Administration
even if the withdrawal of U.S. troops is not.
A final issue of some importance involves the future of the
Seventh Fleet in the Western Pacific. For years the Seventh
Fleet and its powerful aircraft carriers has been the domi-
nant military force in the region. It still is. Navy philosophy
has been "keep as much of the fleet deployed as far forward
as possible." Recently, however, budgetary restraints and
overhaul backlogs have forced the Navy to look at the
possibility of reduced forward deployments.
From Johnson Reprint's collection
of rare and elegant publications...
NIPPON
VOLUMES I-IV (COMPLETE)
PLUS SUPPLEMENT
Now, for the first time, a deluxe facsimile
edition of NIPPON has been published.
The edition is limited to 485 numbered
sets for the entire world.
First published over 120 years ago, Sie-
bold's masterwork drew upon the re-
searches of foremost Japanese scholars
and provides a mine of information on
Japanese history, religion, folklore, art,
and numerous other fields. NIPPON laid
the foundations for western scholarship on
Japan. It was NIPPON's maps and pre-
cise geographical data which enabled Com-
modore Perry to make his historic expe-
dition to Japan in 1853-54.
NIPPON is truly magnificent . . . illus-
trations include architectural plans, maps,
landscapes, portraits, and drawings of cos-
tumes, festivals, religious deities, relics,
weapons, furniture, and more.
$2,750.00, the set
Published by Kodansha Ltd., Japan
Distributed throughout the world
(except Japan) by
JOHNSON REPRINT CORPORATION
Prices subject to change without notice
Johnson Reprint Corporation
A Subsidiary of
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
111 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003
Please send me your color brochure containing
complete information on NIPPON.
Name
Address
City/State/Zip
AM77
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Discover Orientations-discover Asia and the Pacific
You are a regular reader of The Asia Mail. You have much more than a passing interest in
all the fascinating aspects of the region and with things Oriental.
You are, in fact, a person who would appreciate Orientations-a unique magazine that looks at Asia and the
Pacific through the eyes and minds of experts; a magazine that brings into focus every aspect of that region in a wealth
of well-informed editorial and lavish illustration.
Orientations-a discovery, in words and pictures, of the lives, history, culture, art, fashions, food and
exotica of the oldest-and subtlest civilisations in the '.,.orld.
Collecting
Western connoisseurs and
collectors are looking to the East
now-to the rich and varied
heritage of peoples whose
centuries-old art forms have
survived to this day, and are still
there for you to find. If only you
can first find the right guicance
and advice.
You can, with Orientations,
Orientations provides a full
coverage of the art and antiques
of Asia and the Pacific, everything
from introductory articles for the
beginner to specialist articles for
the expert. It points out the
pitfalls, and highlights the
opportunities. And its publishes
are continually attempting to locate
items of particular interest to its
readers.
Culture
To the visitor, Asia wears a mask
-a mask of strange faces, strange
customs and strange tongues.
Orientations takes you behind the
mask. It explores, and leads you
to an understanding of, the oldest
and subtlest civilisations of man.
Whether it is returning to the
beginnings, to the roots of a
people's traditions and beliefs, o'
guiding you into modern times,
to see the changes that the years
have wrought, Orientations will
bring you closer to a knowledge
and an appreciation of Asia and
the Pacific-that incredibly varied
region that houses over one half
of the world's population.
Or; i;tanons is your personal discovery of Asia and the Pacific,
Its ' rtisr'_comes naturally, because it is edited by professional
.,!nalists .,ho v:ere born, and who live, in the region-working
.,it";rsand photog'aphers of international stanoing.
f;c.n the first issue (January 1970), the publisher of
O~~.nlsi,oIrs has insisted on a quality of printing and general
pis. matron normally reserved for the finest art books. The result
is , r~~~uno'ine that is unlike any other magazine in the world,
11 i)y 8:in size, it is 'perfect bou:od', in a strong, laminated
c~_.s It-contains some 80 pages-most of them in full colour.
Jr Wcj!rnns is a magazine that you will enjoy reading at your
Ir au. e, and kccp to read, and refer to, again and again.
History
The comprehensive history of the
lands and peoples of Asia and the
Pacific has yet to be written,
And it seems unlikely that the
writing of it could ever be
completed, as long as new
discoveries continue to make their
alterations and additions.
Orientations delves back into the
events of the past, and keeps pace
with the developments of today.
Chronicling the lives of the
foreigners who brought their
influences to the region .. .
assessing the significance of fresh
evidence. and challenging the
validity of the old . . . month by
month, piece by piece,
Orientations shapes a more than
2,000-year kaleidoscope of triumph
and tragedy.
Travel
Well-known interior designer
William Pahlmann has traveled
extensively in the East. He knows
the region well, and he obviously
likes it. "If you are in a position
to travel, go there, he wrote in
a recent, widely-syndicated article.
"And if you have already been,
or can't go, I recommend that you
read as much as you can on the
subject. From my standpoint, one
of the best things you can read is
a magazine called Orientations .. .
I am hoarding my copies ... and
friends who insist on borrowing
them have to sign them out, like
in a library."
Reading about travel in
Onentat/ons is an unusually
satisfactory substitute for travel
itself. Because Orientations goes
beneath the glossy-brochure
surface of Asia and the Pacific to
give you a scent of the breath that
gives the region life.
Your personal discovery of Asia and the Pacific.
For just US$25 a year.
To: The Asia Mail,
P. 0. Box 1044, Alexandria, VA 22313, USA.
(Please mark the envelope 'Orientations'.)
Please send me one year (12 ISSULS) of Ortentations to the address belo"
El I enclose my remittance of US$25
(CheqUes to be made payable to Orlentations
^
I would like to pay vvi-th my American F xpress
Card No
Narne of card
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
True Confessions'of a U.S.
Foreign Service Wife...
Bailey Morris
In many ways. Nina Hudson's is a tale of survival, the story
of a woman who learned to manage as a dependent. as "com-
pany baggage'' in a bureaucratic system that doesn't bend for
individuals.
There are no real villains in Hudson's story. but to women
like her. it is a dark and forbidding chronical of loneliness
and ultimate frustration.
She speaks of the other side of a life traditionally thought
of as glamorous. filled with foreign travel, high-level
diplomatic contacts and sparkling functions.
.And though it has taken nine years to bring Hudson to the
point where she can talk about it. even now. she is a little
hesitant. She doesn't want to embarrass anyone. doesn't
want to denigrate the life. doesn't want to expose her hus-
band and herself.
She feels strongly. however. that something needs to be
said about the frustration. about the spouses of foreign ser-
vice officers driven to illegal work. to divorce and even to
medical evacuation.
Only recently. she says. .she heard that the State ])apart-
ment is studying the divorce rate among foreign service
employees and ''mediyacs' medical evacuations) of women
with nervous conditions brought on by their lives in foreign
countries. 11 has gotten to be quite a problem." she says.
so imam people have been medically evacuated from
different posts
A State Iepartment medical officer said there is no such
study- underway although at one time such a study had been
considered ..We did have an accumulated list which iden-
tified individuals but with the passage of the I'rivacv Act we
either had to declare it or destroy it and we destroyed it.'' he
explained. A meaningful study would have involved the in-
dividuals, he said. However. the Department does have "the
number'' of medical evacuations which have occurred over
the past five years because of psychiatric problems.
alcoholism or drugs. The rate of medivacs seems relatively
stable from year to year, the officer said. and involves less
than 100 persons annually.)
Nina Hudson has been hack in this country for only a few
weeks after three years overseas and it is clear that she
is a stronger person now than when she left
Speaking in a soft southern voice. her finely-sculptured
mouth pursing and relaxing as she talks. Hudson tells about
making it to the mid-career level of foreign service life but
not wilfirrut great cost.
The lite has taken her to three foreign countries where she
has gone underground. so to speak. in order to work illegally
at two of the three posts-
. There are lots of people who have gone around) these
rules r the work permit and job laws in foreign countries) and
solved their individual problems but it's always awkward for
them because they hays to face the fact that they're breaking
the Lm She explains
Once. when offered a job she couldn't hear to turn down.
Ifudson tried to give up her diplomatic immunity but was ad-
vised that she couldn t not unless she wanted to become a
test case
_( wing up diplomatic immunity often comes tip in comver-
sation oycrscas but vou're always told you can't do it
that you 11 have to give up everything. including commissary
privileges.'' she savs.
I nable to cut through the tangle of rules and regulations at
her last post. Hudson made an illegal arrangement which
allowed her to work professionally as a textile designer And
she feels better for it
To understand what finally pushed Hudson into accepting
a well-paying job and organizing a women's action group at
her last post. it is necessary to go back to the beginning.
Leaning forward. pushing a hand through her frosted,
brown curls, Hudson speaks of her first years as a foreign ser-
vice wife.
She. like many- others, was 'thrilled'' by the prospect of
the life. When her husband's first assignment turned out to
be "a good European post," it seemed even better.
At that time, she thought of herself in the traditional roles
of wife and mother. 'When we went overseas. I thought that
we would have a family ... I thought that I would take on
January. 1977 The Asia Mail
the roles of chief cook and bottle washer and I was happy to
do it.'' she says.
But that didn't happen. ''We didn't have a family so it
wasn't enough to just sit at home." she explains. Nor was it
enough for her to involve herself in the activities which were
then required of foreign services spouses.
Chuckling. half with amusement and half with distaste. she
describes her first dealings with an ambassador's wife - the
chatelaine of the mission.
'She the ambassador's wife) had written a book on social
usage and she was very rigid ... Every month she had a
coffee for embassy wives which you were required to
attend." Hudson says.
You had to go unless you were sick and called in to say
you couldn't he there ... you had to be there a few minutes
before the doors were opened and if you were late. the doors
were closed and you weren't allowed in," she explains.
"I was young then and down at the bottom of the totem
pole so I just sort of did these things routinely, without
questioning." she says.
Still. she remembers being "inwardly horrified" about it
all. Specific incidents stand out in her mind. Once, for ex-
ample, one of Hudson's friends "was called down in public
and severely reprimanded for not having attended a coffee."
This sort of thing couldn't happen now, not since 1972
when spouses were declared independent and therefore not
required to participate in any foreign service activities. Still,
it stands out in Hudon's mind as the incident that spurred
her into taking one of the first steps in her quest for personal
independence. "Everything ... has been built on top of
something else." she says.
Hudson remained active - going to school, learning the
language and fighting the work permit problem. She also
continued her search for odd. jobs, though remaining essen-
tially a "homemaker" in a foreign country.
"Most foreign service people are very resourceful ... if
they are not working. they go out and explore the country.
learn the language ... The ones who don't do this are the
ones who have real problems." she says.
At some point Hudson's not quite sure when - dis-
illusionment set in.
"The romance of anything new just lasts for so long and
then. you want depth." she says. "Suddenly. it's the super-
ficiality of the existence that's disturbing."
For awhile. she says. the entertaining and parties had been
fun. But it didn't remain that way.
ISee CONFESSIONS, Page 21)
IF YOU 19 RE NOT
AFRAID OF BEING
RIGHT TOO SOON
Five years before the near-bankruptcy of New York, The Washington Monthly, the liberal
magazine that questions liberal orthodoxy, began its attack on the swollen bureaucracies with
articles called "We're All Working for the Penn Central" and "America the Featherbedded."
We then questioned the high salaries and pensions enjoyed by civil servants and warned of
the growing power of public employees' unions.
The Washington Monthly has been ahead of its time in many other ways. It was the first
magazine to reveal the political contributions of the dairy lobby, and in ill article that won
two of journalism's most distinguished awards, the first to tell of the Army's spying on
civilian politics.
It was the first to reveal the Nixon impoundments, the first to report why Congress didn't
investigate Watergate before the election, and in so doing, became the first monthly magazine
to do original reporting about Watergate. In an article that won yet another award, it told
"Why the White House Press Didn't Get the Watergate Story."
Our article on the dangers of nuclear hijacking was a year ahead of The New Yorker's.
Our case against social security was made two years before Harper's. And two years before
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.'s The Imperial Presidency, we published "The Prince and His Courtiers
at the White House, the Kremlin, and the Reichschancellery."
Time says The Washington Monthly is "must reading." The New York Times says it's
"indispensable." And The Washington Post says it "dues its specialty- government and
politics--better than any other magazine around." If you aren't afraid of being right too soon,
give it a try.
free copy offer
I'll give it a try. Please send me a free copy of your latest issue. If I like t,
will receive a one-year subscription for only S8 -half the regular price.
If I don't like it, I'll simply write "cancel'' across the bill and that will be
that. In either case, the complimentary copy is mine to keep,
Payment enclosed []Bill roe
Name
Address
City State
The Washington Monthly
r v v v , vvamnrrigion, U.U, LUUJb ' ' "' I
----------
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
THINK ASIA!
Bargains Down Under
Ruth Lor Malloy
IT'S A GOOD TIME TO BUY A KANGAROO. The recent
171Z`- decrease in the cost of the Australian dollar means
171'2 lower prices there for North American visitors.
For example. the Austrail Pass which used to be $135 for
14 days of first class rail travel in Australia, now is $111
Air fares to Australia even on QL'ANTAS, however. are not
affected.
KOREAN AIRLINES makes a bid in the cheapest-air-fare-
to-Asia department with a $650 round trip fare from Los
Angeles to either Seoul. Taipei or Manila. This is still more
than the $493 San Francisco to Hong Kong rate of the Asian-
American Recreation Club mentioned last month.
There are advantages though. You book only 10 days in ad-
vance, not Asian-American's 35. You fly on regularly
scheduled flights with no chance of cancellation, the airlines'
clerk insisted.
But you do have to stay 30 days -- not 29 or 35. For flights
to Taipei and Seoul, you have a choice also of 60 or 90 days.
There are no stop-overs.
Flights can be booked through any travel agent or phone
[phone]. There are two flights a week.
NEW YORK-KABUL-NEW YORK on a 7 to 120 day excur-
sion is another bargain at $735. Passengers fly Pan-Am. Air
India. Lufthansa or British Airways to London or Frankfurt
and then change to Ariana.
Ariana Afghan Airlines is at 535 Fifth Avenue. Suite 1609.
New York. N.Y. 10017. 1212) 697-3660.
AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVELERS CHEQUES cannot
be cashed in the People's Republic of China, says the Liaison
Office here.
It's a misinterpretation of American Express' membership
in the US-Republic of China Economic Council. says Stephen
S. Halsey. a senior vice president of one of the largest travel
services in the world.
"This Council is similar to many others which are formed
to promote trade between the United States and the other
country ... We are doing everything we can to overcome the
misunderstanding .. ..
In
Tsimshatsul
the business and
shopping centre of
HONG KONG,
there Is also
MERLIN
the pride of
STAY WITH US AND ENJOY THE MERLIN HOSPITALITY
No. 2, HANKOW ROAD. KOWLOON,
HONG KONG. TELS. 3-667211
3-667221, CABLE. MERLIN, HONG
KONG. TELEX: HX84291. P.O. BOX
5372 TSIMSHATSUI POST OFFICE
HONG KONG.
Utell International American Express
Space Bank Hotel Express &
Thomas Cook Tophote's
A HORTI('t'LTURALIS'l' for Bangladesh. a mechanical
engineer for Papua New Guinea - these are the current
openings in Asia with International Voluntary Services Do
you know anyone')
This Peace Corps-type organization which operates in
Africa and Latin America as well as Asia. pays a "modest
stipend' 1$80 a month, plus expenses for two year terms.
"We differ from the Peace Corps in that we are smaller.
non-governmental and hire non-Americans as well as
Americans." sags Bob Minnich. Recuitment coordinator
Old Asia hands might remember WS" work in Laos. and es-
pecially in Vietnam in the 60's. directed by Don Luce of
''tiger ('ages" fame
IVS works mainly in rural development. using volunteers
trained in medicine. education. agriculture. management.
etc. In Asia. it also has volunteers in Indonesia
The address is 1555 Connecticut :Avenue. NW_ Washington
IL(' 20036. (2021 Dt!7-5533.
INTRIGUED BY PSY('HIC St'R(;ERY' If you're serious
about giving it a try, who not contribute your efforts to
science"
Pamela de Maigret hopes to take twenty Americans to the
Philippines in late spring for treatment by this controversial
method of healing.
The results will be studied by a group of doctcurs at the
t'niversity of Philippines led by Dr. Leo Lazatiri of the
I Caltrasa Foundation. she says.
The Americans must he checked first by their own
American doctors. undergo the quick. painless healing ritual
under the ''trance'' of a reputable healer in the Phi tippines
"Then they will return to their own doctors periodically for
examinations for five year"
When It Cones To The
ORIENT
We Are Specialists
-
- Personal Attention
Individual, Family Plan, Group Tours
Japan Korea China
Hong Kong Bangkok Singapore
WORLDWIDE TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS
687-6444
I
I;~ fir nrf:
FAR-EASTERN TRAVEL
INTERNATIONAL Inc,
501 FIFTH AVENUE
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017
Report, at pt'ogre's 'nr Li: toast hr'h?rri~;,. the "tad'-
'1 he purpose is t ( :rt it heating a, to 'Is t -~e take
place Als de Maigt I clam . that rn main c a c~ it doe, She
has watched 200 se,=sions imt,l%ing hemorrhoids cancerous
tumor remissions, kidnec disease diabetes. cataracts, et(
An Amer(' in. Ms de Mnigiet encountered p"ethic healing
in Brazil where she was a geologist
The heap l all unegiieocably state that healing takes
place magnetic-:ill? before b(idc entrv is made.' she saes.
''hut the patient needs the psychological impact of the
bloody operation in orde:' to inobolize his own homeostasis
or ability to mairitmn the healing
'Body entry' is made with the healers bare hand without
instruments.
The maximum cost for the patient is $1.200 for travel and
accommodations.' says Ms de Maigret_ We are hoping to
get a subsidy so it might be less The treatment in the Philip-
pines is free but healers will accept donations.
Inquiries to Pamela de Maigret. sent c o this column. will
be forwarded.
CAN.. I' (.ET A ('MINA VISA" If you're desperate to go. }our
chances are excellent if you take the Queen Elizabeth 2
world-circling cruise leaving New York on January 15 But
it's not too late'
Cunard hi:; permission to allow 700 passengers entry dur-
ing March for a 3-day tour of Canton and vicinity. it
passengers take any segment that includes Hong Kong
This means the cheapest passible cost would be the Ilong
Kong to New York segment which starts at $3.320 plus $225
for the China trip. 'T'hen there s the travel to Hong Kong
Cunard organized a China excursion for 500 passengers in
1975. No passenger who applied was refused permission. it
says
Write Cunard Line Ltd.. 555 Fifth Avenue. NY('. NY.
10017 or contact your travel agent
HI'SINh:SSMEN AND SHOPPERS BE%%ARI:'. If youre
headed for Asia soon remember the lunar New Year starts
February 18.
If you can believe their representatives here, Hong Kong
and Taiwan stores will he closed at least the first dac while
government offices will be closed through the 21,;t
Singapore has a one day holiday. The Chinese liaison Of-
fice said government offices 'might' be closed on the 21st as
well as the 18th and 19th but no one could give me a definite
answer. The holiday is known as the Spring Festival in China
While it is not a national holiday in other countries. people
of Chinese ancestry will not be working it they can help it
Like Christmas here. it is a time for feasting and family
reunions.
Tourists can enjoy the parade too lion and dragon
dances. stilt walkers and -( robats Macau is probably the
only place where fire crackers are not illegal. Let me know it
you hear any and where besides the ('hinatowris of North
America)
The new year is the Year of the Snake which it you believe
that sort of thing. is supposed to be a good one for losers
adulterers diplomats. polito ins and intellectuals I wonder
if there's a relationship''
:Among other upcomtnr: to lida%s. India celebrates
Republic I)ay on .Ianu,ir,, 2r; wit,: most businesses and all
goscrnrnent offices closed In New Delhi ask to sec- the
Beating of the Retreat at th" intpi "sir( ,ccretariat both
are relics of the British Hai
:Australia and New %ealand haa( holiday" the last cceek in
January too Burn. h.i t nian Das February 12, Ind Iap.n
has Adult'. I )ac what as to els idea' : on .1mmai% 15 and
National 1 o , , a n d a t i cn 1 is on r et'tuars I I- St~rre~ and ellires
will he closed
Hong Kong 1977
t el., Pu a d i t ',I, , J I B r " n,In,I
d is wn e PC_ I dl _.: nt,r sl 7' :1r de :t.'J.~}Ki'r ! r t edi.'o
JS>33UPOBo,4 'Aa,h UL'dii2rr! 20?
I) .i 'ant, on order,'? 21 r p:._,
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 CAN ANYONE GIVE ME a good reason why the National
'Museum in New Delhi is organizing NOW an exhibition in
connection with the 2.600th anniversary of the birth of
Buddha? At least, that's what India News says.
The anniversary is several decades away'
THINKING OF ADOPTING an Asian child? Here's what
some American adoption agencies and volunteers are saying:
- It is best to keep a child in his biological family and the
best way to do this is to help the family as a group. Next
choice is to place the familyless child in an adoptive home in
his own country. If these two cannot be done. then place-
ment in an adoptive family in another country is
recommended.
-- Most of the adoptable children come from South Korea.
One agency. Holt, is also working in the Philippines and ex-
pects to be ''opening adoptions in Thailand in the foreseeable
future." Kathy Sreedhar and Americans for International
Aid find homes for Indian children.
- The number of infants needing overseas homes is
decreasing in Korea because of increasing adoptions by
Korean families. The Korean government is currently plan-
ning to lower the number of foreign adoptions by 20 per cent
a year with all foreign adoptions ceasing in 1980. Some agen-
cies are skeptical that this will happen, however. South
Korea is sensitive to North Korean criticism that it is
"selling" its children.
- Eurasian babies, especially girls. are more in demand in
Hong Kong, Thailand and the Philippines than children who
do not have a caucasian parent. On the black market, some
Thai families have paid $10,000 for one Eurasian. A
Caucasian-Filipino baby could cost up to $7,000.
If anyone has a theory why this is so, do let me know.
The mothers are usually bar girls who receive little if any
of the money. the babies being sold by their pimps or bar
owners. In many cases, the mothers must pay back debts in-
curred while they were in no shape to work.
Such black market children have no legal rights: they
could be abandoned if the step-parents die. There is no
follow-up, no way to insure that the children are not abused.
- In the past, there have been no legal adoption agencies
in Asia. Traditionally, the extended family took care of
orphaned relatives.
- A legal adoption of an Asian child in the U.S. costs
upwards from about a thousand dollars including transpor-
tation. It can take a minimum of 6 months.
Because we're looking for places that other readers can
also patronize, we must have names and addresses.
Marks will go for the most interesting reasons: e.g. there's
a tiny hotel run by a family in Bali where the old grand-
mother sits in the lobby, warmly greeting the guests to her
"home." If she likes you, she might ask her grandchildren to
lend you their bicycles. She might even send a grandson
along as a guide - free. You feel she cares .. .
Another example: theres a blue and white houseboat in
Kashmir, a favorite because of the mountain setting and the
exotic world that comes floating out to you - the vendors
each selling fresh flowers, honey, fresh fruit, candy, hot
coffee, clothes - a tailor comes too.
A little paddle boat is at your disposal. cushioned,
canopied, with curtains drawn at your behest. It has a helpful
paddleman, taking you from lake to another, stopping if you
wish. to watch the wood-carvers. And in the evening, the
owner comes to chat by lantern light and , Ps to sell his
copperware. Bantering with him is fun.
Need more time? We're extending the deadline to the last
day of January. Judges will be a panel appointed by the Asia
Mail, annonymous because we haven't found volunteers yet.
It will be up on the tricks of hotel public relations people (I
hope I.
Remember. it's 100 words or less, prose or poetry. Asia for
us (we never did very well in geography) is Afghanistan east
to Hawaii with Australia thrown in as a bonus.
The hotels must be accessible to most people. This
eliminates hotels in the People's Republic of China, North
Korea. Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea because the average
tourist cannot visit there.
It does include Samarkand, Bukhara and Tashkent, places
in Soviet Asia that are relatively easy to visit.
First prize is a two-year subscription to the Asia Mail; se-
cond prize a one-year subscription: third prize - there will
be six of them - are Asia Mail T-shirts.
Please send as many entries as you want. Some people
have more than one favorite. Think Asia, Box 706, Adelphi,
Md. 20783. Send a self-addressed, stamped envelope if you
want your entry returned. We regret we cannot acknowledge
receipt.
All winning entries become the joint property of the
author and THE ASIA MAIL. We'll print some in future
issues.
- Some agencies will accept single parents. especially for
hard-to-place older or handicapped children.
- The Foreign Adoption Resources office has published a
book listing all agencies working in all countries and a
limited do-it-yourself section for those with the inclination.
persistence and fortitude to fight the bureaucratic
procedures themselves. (Available for $3.00 plus postage
from P.O. Box 774, Boulder. Col. 80302.)
Some agencies and volunteers who say they can process
Asian adoptions are listed. Some are better than others but I
am in no position to judge.
Americans for International Aid and Adoption
1370 Murdock Road, Marietta. Ga. 30067.
Holt Adoption Program, Inc., P.O. Box 2420,
Eugene, Oregon. 97402
Livingstone Adoption Program
Dillon Family & Youth Services, Inc..
2547 E. 21st., Tulsa, Ok. 74114
OURS. 3148 Humboldt Avenue South
Minneapolis. Minn. 55408
Kathy Sreedhar, 2562 36th St., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20007
Rosemary Taylor Agency, Friends of Children
14 Brookside Road. Darien. Conn. 06820
Connecticut/New England only.
Tressler-Lutheran Service Associates
905 S. Beaver St.. York. Pa. 17403
Central Pennsylvania only
Welcome House, P.O. Box 836
Doylestown, Pa. 18901
CONTEST NEWS. What is a hotel? For the purpose of our
"Favorite Hotel in Asia and Why" Contest announced last
month, a hotel is any structure in which a stranger can
customarily sleep overnight for a fee.
This eliminates most government bungalows, school dor-
mitories, missionary guest houses (unless they are open to
the general public) and Sikh temples. It does include the
YMCA and Youth hostels. the Okura, the Oberois. resort cot-
tages and house boats.
If you're an imaginative manager,
consider the unconventional convention center.
WATER SPORTS
FOR WATER SKI-ING.SNORKLING
FISHING.BOATING SURF BLAZING AND
MANY MORE AQU ACTIVITIES
TIRTA BAR
SWIM UP TO THIS DELIGHTFUL BAR
FOR TEMPTING THIRST QUENCHERS
INTERNATIONAL DINING. DANCING
AND ENTERTAINMENT NIGHTLY
A- P AN INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL
OOL
PANDAW
Attention: Marketing Manager
POOLSIDE SNACK BAR
FOR APPETISING SNACKS / I'm interested in Conventioning in Paradise.
AND COOLING DRINKS I
BARUNA PAVILION
GARDEN RESTAURANT FEATURING
SUPERB SEAFOOD SPECIALITIES
Name :
Address :
11
Company :
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
PANDAWA STAGE I BAI I uAl SUPPER C I in
.....Tel :.............. ......... .........
 "NESE SWORDS
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
~ The Acheson Assumption
Wanted. Also interested in armor, Hara Kin
Knives, etc. $50 to 10,000 paid. Send photo &
tel. no. To: Fred Lohman 3403 N.E. Broad-
way, Portland, OR 97232. Bonded & Insured.
DEAK & CO. INC.
(WASHINGTON)
1800 K. ST. N.W.
WASHINGTON
[phone]
ASIA - PACIFIC REGION
WHOLESALE BANKNOTE BUY/SELL RATES
as of December 17, 1976
BUY SELL
Australia - (dollar)
1.02
1.08
China-P.R. -(renminbi)
China-Taiwan - (new Taiwan dollar)
No Market
.0220
.0260
Fiji - (dollar)
.90
1.05
HongKong - (dollar)
.2080
.2130
India - (rupee)
.09
.0980
Indonesia - (rupiah)
.0016
.0019
Japan - (yen)
.00335
.00375
Korea S. - (won)
.0016
.0019
Malaysia - (ringgit)
.3920
.3980
New Zealand - (dollar)
.80
.95
Philippines - (piso)
.tear
1250
Singapore - (dollar)
.39
.41
Sri Lanka - (rupee)
.04
.07
Thailand - (baht)
.045
.0552
U.S.S.R. - (ruble)
.2660
.29
Shown are currency units that may be bought for one dollar (ex-
cept in the case of the Australian dollar, Fiji dollar, New Zealand
dollar and Soviet Russian Ruble, which are quoted in U.S. dollars
and cents.)
Rates of exchange given without engagement by Deak & Co. iWashington) Inc Rates
subject to change without notice.
SELLING PRICES FOR
OFFICIAL TRANSFERS ABROAD
As of December 17, 1976
Australia
1.0675
Malaysia
.4080
China-Taiwan
1.91
New Zealand
.9350
China - P.R.
Not Applicable
Pakistan
.1050
Fiji
1.10
Philippines
.14
HongKong
.2150
Singapore
.4185
India
.1145
Sri Lanka
.13
Indonesia
Not Applicable
Thailand
.0510
Japan
Korea S.
.003426
Not Applicable
U.S.S.R.
1.35
DEAK & CO.
SERVICES
Foreign Drafts
Foreign Remittances
Foreign Currencies
Foreign Collections
U.S. Dollar Travelers Checks
Travelers Checks Expressed in
Foreign Currencies
Pre-Packed Currencies
Blocked Funds
Gold Bars
Numismatic Gold Coins
Bullion gold Coins
Silver Bars Bullion
Silver Coins
OFFICES WORLD
WIDE
New York. NY-
Miami, Florida
Los Angeles. Calif.
San Francisco. Calif.
Vancouver. Canada
Toronto, Canada
Honolulu. Hawaii
Guam
Hong Kong. B.CC.
Macao
Saipan,
Chicago. Ill.
Delhi. N.Y.
Fleischmann. N.Y.
Montreal. Canada
Stamford. Conn
Zurich. Switzerland
Geneva. Switzerland
Vienna. Austria
Puerto Rico
London. England
Deak - Perera Group: World's Largest Foreign
Exchange Organization
U.S. Policy in the Mel
Michael Morrow
Beyond the flightline, the straight rows of cement block
buildings, the cyclone fencing and the guardposts, Udorn did
not wait. A dreary, decadent and often violent town, it had
grown like a wart on the backside of the war. Now it
shriveled, and only five journalists had stayed the extra day
to watch stragglers Lutz and Jones earn their asterisk in the
history books.
And so they did at 10:31 on the morning of December 20,
1975. Pilot Joe Lutz and Radar Operator Rich Jones, neither
of whom had ever dropped a bomb in anger, eased their ail-
ing Phantom off the Udorn runway. The mottled green im-
age disappeared like a blowfly against the dry season sky of
Northeastern Thailand.
n February 1859, the fleet of French Admiral Rigault de
Genouilly seized Saigon: an era began. In April 1975, the
troops and tanks of NVN General Tran Van Tra re-took the
city; an era ended. Be seeing you. Lutz: sorry you missed
out, Jones. It is just no longer necessary, desirable, or even
very possible to permanently base American combat air-
planes in mainland Southeast Asia.
End of story? Not quite. At the 432nd Tactical Fighter
Wing's Udorn headquarters. a rusting metal arch was left
behind. Attended by a hedge of red "feung fa," the arch bore
three words: "And Kill Migs." More than a quarter of a cen-
tury, but still only a link or two in the chain of command
divided that left-over slogan from an historic injunction of
former Secretary of State Dean Acheson.
On the eve of communist takeover in China in 1949.
Acheson launched a committee to reassess the United States'
Asia policy: as he wrote in a memorandum to Philip Jessup.
he had just one underlying concern: You will please take it
as your assumption that it is a fundamental decision of
American policy that the United States does not intend to
permit further extension of communist domination on the
continent of Asia or in the Southeast Asia area ..." And so
the United States has fought. and paid others to fight. Every
Secretary of State since then has subscribed to the Acheson
assumption.
American intelligence knew that from the Yenan period
onward, the Chinese communists were receiving little aid
from the Soviet Union. Acheson, and many other senior
American diplomats, chose nonetheless to envisage a
monolithic Communist Block because they saw it assaulting
the free market world they believed in.
Given his historical place and time, Acheson at least had
the excuse of Stalin for his mistake. But the policy that has
followed from his assumption in Southeast Asia, and par-
ticularly in the Mekong countries of Cambodia, Laos.
Thailand and Vietnam. has been, bluntly put. a policy of kill-
ing communists, or those poeple so aligned or so described.
It has been a policy of opposing drift toward or rapproche-
ment with "the Left" as a matter of principle.
As Professor Hans Morgenthau and others pointed out
long ago. it has been a stupid policy; it has been a brutish
policy and it has been a failure. However it is still a policy
that endures. and now Cyrus Vance. who if not present at the
beginning then enough so later on, is Secretary of State.
I)o we have any reason to think that the Acheson assump-
tion will be put to rest" Not much. I should think, but
Thailand and the Mekong Basin generally is the place to look
for an answer. If Mr. Vance, his boss Mr. Carter. and
whoever else it is who will count in the new administration's
formulation of foreign policy. intend a new strategy for
Southeast Asia. they should know that this is the terrain that
counts. If they intend just another game of dominos. then
they owe Mr. Kissinger and the Republican presidents he has
served a debt for doing so little to get American policy out of
that rut.
"Fifty-two months and ten days ago. in a moment of
tragedy and trauma, the duties of this office fell upon me.
President Lyndon Johnson told the American people wearily
on March 31, 1968. His address that night not only marked
the end of his own political career, but also the beginning of
an end to the Vietnam War. Rhetoric aside. it carried
promise.
In that March speech Johnson repeated a pledge he had
made at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore in April
1965: "that the United States would take part in the great
work of developing Southeast Asia, including the Mekong
Valley -- for all the people of that region ... (that) North
Vietnam could take its place in this common effort just as
soon as peace comes.'
Well, peace has come. It has not come on'American terms
because those terms were historically untenable, but it has
come nonetheless, and the President's words have more
relevance to our time than they did to his: "Over time, a
wider framework of peace and security may become
possible. The new cooperation of the nations of the area
could be a foundation stone .. .
In announcing his Pacific Doctrine in Honolulu in
December 1975, President Ford allowed that "Peace in Asia
requires a structure of economic cooperation reflecting the
aspirations of all the peoples of the region." The only struc-
ture he mentioned, however, was the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations. "Americans will be hearing much
about the ASEAN organization." the President said. "All its
members are friends of the United States." The Indochina
countries are not friends of the United States - Vietnam in
particular. ASEAN so far has all the makings of another anti-
communist club with the Mekong River as its most critical
frontier. The notion of Mekong cooperation once suggested
by President Johnson has become anathema.
It is indeed ironic that during the period 1957-75 the United
States gave $45.6 million to the UN-sponsored Committee for
the Coordination of Investigations of the Lower Mekong
Basin, the only functional regional body linking Thailand
with its Indochina neighbors, but cut off funding of the Com-
mittee shortly after the fighting had stopped in Indochina.
Despite signals from Laos and Vietnam that they wanted
the Mekong Committee to continue and expand its activites:
the $1.3 million American grant for fiscal 1975 was limited by
an act of Congress to Thailand's use only. and the Bangkok-
based secretariat was told that even Thai-related aid could
not be expected in the future. The largely American-
controlled United Nations Development Program also cut
the Committee's funding. Only the intervention of UN
Secretary General Kurt Waldheim. who visited Bangkok
briefly in February 1976 has assured sufficient budget to hold
the Committee's secretariat together until mid-1977.
Such information should not come as much surprise. The
United States now twice vetoed Vietnam's admission to the
United Nations since the war's end. and formal American
diplomacy remains in the hands of men whether they are
loyal to Mr. Kissinger or Mr. Vance is of little importances
whose contempt for the Vietnamese is only thinly veiled.
Which calls back to mind the last few days of 1975. As
Lieutenants Lutz and Jones were struggling with a fluttery
rudder at Udorn air base. and as the anniversary of the
Christmas bombing was fast approaching. four American
Congressmen journeyed to Hanoi.
Coming when it did. the visit was itself significant. Prime
Minister Pham Van 1)ong told the Representatives that
theirs was -a meeting starting peace and friendship between
the two countries '' Whether history proves him right or not
we shall wait and see. The words in any case were accom-
panied by a gesture. The ashes of three missing American
flyers (Navy Commander Jesse Taylor. Air Force Captain
Ronald Perry and Air Force Lieutenant Colonel ('rosley Fit-
ton) were turned over in a simple ceremony on the tarmac of
Gia Long airport.
The Vietnamese took the occasion seriously and handled it
with a certain magnanimity. even permitting an American
military officer accompanying the Congressmen to change
into uniform and to drape American flags over the three
small wooden boxes which held the ashes. In dignity. the
men began their journey home.
Ambassador Charles Whitehouse, a former aide to
Ellsworth Bunker in Saigon and previous to his Bangkok ap-
pointment ambassador to Laos. was noticeably missing from
the honor guard that removed the remains now in metal
military coffins) from the UN plane that had shuttled the
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 gong
Congressional party to and from Hanoi. Only when the cof-
fins had been placed on a waiting air force C-130 did the Am-
bassador's long black limousine pull up before the small
cluster of newsmen and officials. Whitehouse, accompanied
by a silver poodle, emerged dressed in a dapper beige lounge
suit. "I hope you don't mind a macabre question" he
quipped: "how big were the boxes?"
Ambassador Whitehouse remains at his post, last seen in
November turning over four American helicopters to
Thailand's Border Patrol Police. Since the October 6 coup in
Bangkok. Thailand's future is now the macabre question.
Out to avenge an alleged (and it would appear fabricated) in-
sult of Thailand's Crown Prince, Royalists, spearheaded by
units of the CIA-inspired BPP, burned alive, beat to death,
sexually assaulted and hung leftist men and women students
from Bangkok's prestigious Thammasat University. As one
writer put it. the event marked the beginning of "Southeast
Asia's equivalent to the Civil War in Spain."
Despite the denials, it is difficult to believe that the U.S.
government did not at the very least have an oblique role in
the October 6 coup, and in the carefully orchestrated brown-
shirt violence leading up to it during the previous two years.
In any case Washington finds Bangkok's new radical rightists
more to its liking than its old bourgeois democrats. and it
was almost obscene how quickly news was leaked that
Americans in civilian clothes had been based at reactivated
Takhli air base to support military aircraft dropping in to and
from the Indian Ocean base on Diego Garcia.
In Thai history October 6 will likely prove the headwaters
of a river of no return. It has driven many of Thailand's finest
intellectuals into the mountains, or across the Mekong into
Laotian exile, and it has locked Thailand's socialists into a
life or death struggle with Thai monarchists. The "residual
presence" of the American military in Thailand, about which
former Defense Secretary Schlesinger was so concerned, has
been secured for the time-being, and foreign businessmen
may even be able to count on five years of relative stability.
But the line has never been drawn like this before, and the
ramifications of civil war could well spread far beyond
Thailand's borders.
A civil war in Thailand must now be taken as inevitable. If
the Acheson assumption holds, then the United States will
likely be drawn in on the side of the monarchists, and
American influence will go to hardening ASEAN into an anti-
communist block. In that event, Indochina countries, Viet-
nam in particular, will not only be excluded from region-
wide plans for economic cooperation, but forced to contend
with a gameplan the ultimate result of which would likely be
the ongoing bifurcation of their own Mekong Basin com-
munity. The domino theory can still be made a self-fulfilling
prophecy.
The emerging political and economic potential of the
Mekong countries has already established that they
themselves can fill much of the "vacuum" left by the retreat
of American hegemony on the end of the Second Indochina
War. The crucial question - and one over which the United
States as the most active outside power still holds influence
- has become "how." not "whether" these countries will
conduct their own relations, and particularly how Bangkok
and Hanoi. epicenters of power in the Mekong Basin. can ac-
commodate one another.
The notion of such an accommodation is not so novel as
might first appear. Although it is now all but forgotten
history. Ho Chi Minh once lived in a small Thai town not far
from the Mekong River. and he once received small arms
from the Thai government to fight the French. In 1947, then
Thai Prime Minister Pridi Phanomyong, leader of the Thai
resistance during World War II and like Ho Chi Minh a
recipient of American aid during that period, journeyed to
France in an unsuccessful attempt to mediate Indochina's in-
dependence. Having failed, in September 1947 he invited the
Indochina revolutionaries into a formal association called the
Southeast Asian League: somewhat ironically the first
attempt at a regional community.
The winds of the Cold War had already begun to blow, and
Pridi was soon forced into exile by a coup d'etat that
restored to power pro-fascist collaborators of Japan's World
War II occupation. For a brief period, however, the Viet-
namese and Lao independence movements had actually
operated from a wooden house on Bangkok's main street.
Silom Road. "I hoped that when these people had regained
their independence we could work closely with them," Pridi.
who is still in exile, told an interviewer in Paris two years
ago.
Pridi not only helped lead the 1932 putsch that ended ab-
solute monarchy in Thailand, but was Thammasat Univer-
sity's first rector, helping to explain the leading role the
(See MEKONG, Page 21)
"AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC"
A new publication, a new market...
A new opportunity for advertisers!
Reach 30,000 to 60,000 Asia-interested
Americans- executives, opinion leaders, business-
men and scholars in Washington, D. C., New York,
Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco,
Seattle, and Honolulu.
Reach the people who make the decisions-about
trade, about policy, about travel.
Reach a profile of Asia-interested Americans that
has never before been so precisely pinpointed.
Join these prestigious firms who have advertised in the historic in-
augural (October), second (November), third (December) and fourth
(January) issues of THE ASIA MAIL:
American Enterprise Institute
The Asia Letter Ltd.
Asia Week Magazine
Benihana of Tokyo
Braddock Publications
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
China Airlines
China Books and Periodicals, Inc.
Christian Science Monitor
D. Cogar, Inc.
Deak and Co., Inc.
Diplomat National Bank
Far Eastern Travel International Inc.
Games and Puzzles Magazine
Georgetown Center for Strategic
and International Studies
Harvard University Press
Hong Kong 1977 Calendar
Hotel Bali Beach
Hotel Merlin - Hong Kong
Inflation Survival Letter
International Construction Estimating Services
Johnson Reprint Corp.
Kothari Publications, Inc.
Minkus Stamp and Publishing Co.
National Committee on U.S. China Relations
National Council for U.S. China Trade
National Technical Information Service
Orientations Magazine
Pachinko House
The Rosicrucians
Temple Publicity Services
Trader Vic's
University Microfilms International
University of California Press
University Press of Hawaii
University Publications of America
The Washington Monthly
Washington D.C. Area Restaurants -
China Garden, China Gate, Empress,
Golden Palace, Imperial Garden, Kowloon,
Orchid 7, Ruby, Trudie's
Warren Ball Intercontinental Marketing
WFF'N Proof Games
Windjammer Cruises
Xerox University Microfilms
JOAN M. STAPLETON
ADVERTISING COORDINATOR
THE ASIA MAIL
P.O. BOX 1044 ALEXANDRIA, VA. 22313
WEST COAST REPRESENTATIVE: Charles C. Keely, Jr., 304 South LaBrea Ave.,
Los Angeles, Ca. 90036 Tel. [phone]
HAWAII REPRESENTATIVE: Crossroads Press Inc., Stephen S. Lent, P.O. Box 833,
Honolulu, Hi. 96808 Tel. [phone]
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Ring of Fire III
P 6 "-.
IF YOU WANT...
... INSIGHTS on Asia from leading American scholars and business
experts...
... PERSPECTIVES on U.S.-Asian relations from distinguished
members of the House and the Senate ...
... INTELLIGENT VIEWS AND REVIEWS of Asia books, cuisine
and arts ...
TIPS on travel to Asia, merchandise, services and job oppor-
tunities in Asia and Asian fields ...
YOU WANT TO SUBSCRIBE
TO
THE ASIA MAIL
TO: THE ASIA MAIL, SUBSCRIPTION DEPT.
P.O. BOX 942, FARMINGDALE, NY 11737.
Yes, I do want the inside story on what Americans are
thinking, saying and doing about Asia. Send me THE
ASIA MAIL for
One Year, $11.00 Two Years, $20.00
Name-
Address
And enter a subscription to THE ASIA MAIL for
One Year, $11.00 Two Years, $20.00
as my gift to:
Name
Address
Bill Me Payment Enclosed
(NOTE: Rate for students is $9.00 per year. Rate for
foreign addresses is one year at $18.00, two years at
$35.00. Canadian subscribers add $1.00 to U.S. rate.)
SUB T }j/LBE
TO
THE
Polynesia's Sacred Isle
By Edward Dodd
Dodd. Mead & Company. 1976, 224 pps.. $10.00
Donna Gays
Edward Dodd's third book in "The Ring of
Fire" series on the culture of Polynesia is a
personal narrative in which he attempts to
lure the romanticist, not the historian or
anthropologist. There are few statistics.
judgements or evaluations in "Polynesia's
Sacred Isle."
As part of the Society Island group, Raiatea
is an insignificant island only 20 miles long and
some 10 to 12 miles wide, lying some 3000
miles from the nearest continent. It is a
hundred miles northeast of the more
popularly-known Tahiti. The name "Raiatea"
in the old Polynesian language can best be
translated to mean "expansive sky."
Dodd first came upon the island in the late
1920's with a group of fellow Yale graduates
who were attempting to sail around the world.
Although none of them completed the trip,
Dodd was so enamored of Raiatea that he
returned in the late 1950's with his wife. It was
then they met Turo who was to become like a
son. Eventually, the two families shared a
home.
At Fetuna, on the southern end of the
island. the Dodds built their dream house to
which they have returned nearly every other
year for two to four months at a time for the
past dozen years. Turo. his wife, and his ever-
growing family occupy the house the
remainder of the time.
Raiatea, according to Dodd, is the
birthplace of the Polynesian culture. It has
been written elsewhere that. while Raiatea
was the spiritual center. Tahiti has been the
cultural center. It was, however, to Raiatea
that the settlers came from Samoa before
settling on the other islands.
Dodd attempts to explain Raiatea's
significance through chants and recitations
that remain from the past.
He explores the geological and botanical
history of the island and writes of the ''tiare
apatahi," a rare flower flourishing some 2,000
feet high atop the sacred mountain of
Temehani. This beautiful flower is a botanical
wonder that refuses to thrive elsewhere in the
world.
Dodd speculates on how the trees, fruits and
flowers came to be a part of the legends.
superstitions. customs, religion and history of
the island.
We learn that Raiatea is the central-Pacific
birthplace of the still-practiced art of fire-
walking.
It is the origin of the breadfruit. We learn
also that the Raiateans are master-builders of
the canoe. particularly the great double-
canoes which took the islanders to Hawaii, the
Cooks and New Zealand.
Dodd writes at length of the Ariori Society
who would be regarded by most cultures as
obscene, evil entertainers in a tightly organiz-
ed society free of sexual morals. A greatly
respected, or perhaps feared group. they were
capable of spreading the gospel of Oro, an an-
cient diety, in a highly effective manner. It is
perhaps because of this that the people
accepted Christianity so readily from the mis-
sionaries who arrived in the 1800's.
THE CHINA LETTER
means business
The next time you're flying into Hong Kong, Tokyo or
Shanghai, ask the passenger next to you in the first class sec-
tion if he reads The China Letter. Chances are he'll say
"Yes."
The China Letter means business if your business is
China. Explaining the political backdrop to the China
market is our specialty. Published monthly, $175 per year.
You subscribe to a newsletter, you get an information ser-
vice.
Want to hear more? Write: William Douglas Jr., Senior
Representative USA, The China Letter, Box 54149, Los
Angeles, CA 90054. Or telephone [phone].
`i,.,ber
nccober 1976
r agmatiscs" andradical in
Dear n the s -ca rea~ccf C~ Lice cnaf rman ANE'been
Sir: Ve have
SHONNN b etweeuse ew~CHI ANC CHIN=. YAp WF.N-YtiAN-_-
THE V 1f1TICAL has co e, idea Randa boss n bns
leadershiP ,,.0 ?iSE-TLN~ s and P-Pa fore s
CNIA w
the Chine Se ls~ (), Yiant n" {o r to r
The radtc Premier CNANG CHllN- And bac is
ah i?3=-pis.~Y~peking a
Vice really ofe
HLN oed - e predic sed`LO~ at all this e of CoP nch freer _
also a .er, . is have ~~a one
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
India: Silent Revolution (II)
This is the second and concluding part of Jeremiah Novak's
"India: Silent Revolution," which began in the December
issue of THE ASIA MAIL. If you missed the first installment,
write for a free copy of the December issue: Ms. Phyllis
Hanlon, THE ASIA MAIL, Box 1044, Alexandria, VA 22313.
Jeremiah Novak
It is this situation which the band of economists faced in
1972 which called forth their greatest efforts. The relevance
of Dr. Dhar's 1966 paper was that the analysis of the problem
which he had given them still applied in 1973. Dr. VKRV Rao
and his colleagues updated Dr. Dhar's analysis and prepared
the case for presentation to the Prime Minister.
According to men who sat through that first meeting with
the Prime Minister in September 1973, the Prime Minister
remained relatively quiet but receptive to the arguments and
proposals which the small band made. In the discussion I)har
and Rao lead the Prime Minister through the intricacies of
what was proposed.
After hearing the economists out she proposed that the
men make their proposal to the cabinet. This was arranged
by' her in October 1973. Prior to the meeting the working
paper had been circulated to key members of the cabinet - a
group that would later be lablelled as the "Economic Com-
mittee. "
In addition to the economists, the cabinet ministers who
attended this meeting were Y. B. Chavan-External Affairs,
C. Subramanian-Finance, T. A. Pai-Industry, and D. P. Dhar-
Planning. and J. Ram-Agriculture.
The meeting was a heated one but the six economists won
the argument by simply pointing to the chaos that existed in
the economy. They pointed out that the drought occured
because the irrigation was not in place. They noted that there
was no coordination between the central bank and the
finance ministry so that money was being created far faster
than increases in production. They noted that private
business had not expanded its investment and that the public
sector was running at an unexplainable deficit.
Although it was not included in the working papers the
economists were critical of the fact that. as far as economic
policy was concerned. the cabinet did not coordinate its
policies. Each ministry did as it chose without any attempt to
find out how their policy either meshed with the economic
plan or how their actions affected other ministries.
Although the cabinet was far from happy with the criticism
it received and by no means convinced that the program be-
ing offered would work, the cabinet, at the Prime Minister's
prompting. agreed to extend discussion of the working
paper. However, there was one key result of this meeting.
Shortly after the meeting the Prime Minister told all
ministers that no decision on economic matters could be
taken without first being cleared by the inner cabinet com-
mittee comprised of the above minishers.
According to V. Ramachandran. P N. Dhar's assistant, this
decision to enforce economic disipline on the cabinet marked
the first time in history that the cabinet had to clear every
decision to see if it conformed to the five year plan.
"This decision." he said. "created the institutional
mechanism to assure coordination at the top. In the past
every cabinet member created policies based on his desires.
As a result. Indian planning, which had always been praised
for its foresight. was frustrated by poor policy implemen-
tation. Now all policies must conform to the plan."
Over the next few months. Ramachandran continued.
there were repeated cabinet meetings. "We met two or three
times a week. There were constant disputes between the
cabinet and the economists. Had it not been for P.N. Dhar
and the Prime Minister, the working paper would have been
shelved. "
And C.H. Hanumantha Rao recalled. "Separate meetings
had to be held with each minister and his staff. We tried to
convince the ministries either to retract old programs or to
implement new ones. This went on until the spring of 1974."
As a result, each ministry was told to draft its own
fanuary' 1977 The Asia Mail
proposals, which were reviewed by the cabinet's inner
economic committee. and either approved or sent back for
revision.
As the months passed a new group emerged in the second
echelon of the cabinet. and these men eventually played
pivotal roles in the development of a new economic policy.
Some of the key figures were: Man Mohan Singh of Finance:
S. Chakravorty of Planning: P.N. Haksar of Planning and B.
Javlin of Industries.
Two early symptoms of India's new economic mood were
apparent in May 1974. The first was that India had
successfully concluded negotiations with the World Bank for
a $1.5 billion loan. That the Bank had set conditions on the
loan was known at the time. Later it was learned that the
Bank had accepted the six economists's working paper as a
basis for granting credit.
The second symptom was the government's strong action
in crushing the national railroad strike in May 1974. by first
securing railroad property and then sending in troops.
And finally the government's policy was made explicit in
July 1974, exactly a year before the emergency, when Mrs.
Gandhi spoke at the opening ceremonies of the Institute for
Economic and Social Change at Bangalore. This Institute had
been founded by Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao. And the Prime
Minister's speech is recognized as the turning point in the
nation's economic policy. The program which she then enun-
ciated. had the full support of her cabinet and was the result
of nearly a year's work. Mrs. Gandhi's three major points
were that:
-Cost of living allowances to labor were to be impounded
in order to check the nation's inflationary spiral:
-One-third of dividends were to be impounded as well. to
control corporate spending until the economy cooled off:
-Taxes on windfall gains were to be increased.
One point that Mrs. Gandhi failed to mention, but which
was vital to the new policy, was that there would exist a new
coordination between the Finance Ministry and Reserve
Bank of India: and that henceforth. government spending
and money creation were to be limited, taking into con
sideration actual productivity.
Coming as it did just six weeks after the government crush-
ed the railroad strike, the Prime Minister's speech had an
almost immediate effect. as the Finance Ministry took action
to see that the new policies were implemented. The result
was that over the following 11 months wholesale prices fell
by nearly 13 per cent. as the quantity of money in circulation
was controlled.
During this same period leading up the declaration of an
emergency the government took other actions to stimulate
the economy, such as liberalization of imports. regularization
of license capacity. and delicensing of some industries. In ad-
dition, more funds were allocated for irrigation projects. and
incentives were increased to encourage exports and farm
procurement programs.
These policies were implemented one at a time, and were
never announced as being part of the government's new
overall economic schema. Indeed, few noted the changes
because this period was one of further deterioration on the
political front.
Near anarchy reigned throughout India. A combination of
Gandhists, right-wing Hindu nationalists and communists
threatened to topple the government. In February 1975 D.P.
Mishra, the Minister for Railways. was assasinated. In April
1975 the opposition forces joined to form a loose coalition.
The State Government of Gujerat was overthrown. Eighteen
million man hours were lost to strikers. Mrs. Gandhi was
'lied in a lower court and convicted of a minor campaign
violation. And it looked as though the gain made against in-
flation under the new economic program would be lost as a
result of the political upheaval.
It was against this background that Mrs. Gandhi declared a
state of emergency.
This declaration. backed by the arrest of opposition
leaders and muzzling of the nation's media. crippled the
divisive forces. Stability soon returned to the political and
economic fronts. and over the next year the economy took a
major turn upward.
The nation's GNP grew by 10.6 per cent. Agricultural out-
put. aided by a good monsoon, grew by 18 per cent. Exports
grew by 10 per cent during a period when world trade,
overall. decreased by 6 per cent. And the public sector, under
Mrs. Gandhi's dictate that it become more productive, grew
by 16 per cent and turned in a handsome profit for the first
time.
These results were attributed to the government's new
economic program.
To understand what has occurred since the government
began its new economic schema it is worth recapping the ma-
jor policy changes over the past two years:
Effective control of the money supply was implemented.
-Rlost industries were delicensed.
--Public enterprises were directed to become more ef-
ficient, to increase capacity utilization and to increase
profits.
--Export incentives were increased.
-Imports were liberalized.
-A first priority effort was made to increase irrigation
projects.
-Taxes were lowered on income and assets, including for
corporations.
--Outlays for the private sector were increased by 68 per
cent in the final Fifth Plan document issued in 1976.
-Tax incentives for research and development were in-
creased.
-Foreign capital inflows were encouraged.
-Expenditures in power generation were doubled for in-
dustrial and farm use.
-Twenty million tons of grain stocks were accumulated as
a hedge against drought.
-The government began to actively solicit foreign loans
and grants.
-Efficiency was increased in posts, telegraphs and other
communications facilites.
Nearly all of the above was taken into account in the first
point of Mrs. Gandhi's twenty point program which she
issued at the time the emergency was declared:
"The streamlining of production, procurement and dis-
tribution of essential commodities, strict economy in govern-
ment and the continuance of steps to increase productivity."
As one of the economists responsible for India's economic
turn-around put it. "That one paragraph in the 20 point
program is our paragraph. It summarizes our program."
The working paper provided to the government by the six
economists was designed initially only to control the in-
flationary situation which had arisen during 1972-3. As the
working paper said at the outset,
"We would like to make it clear at the outset that we are
dealing with the short period problem of inflation and unrest
that has overtaken the country today and threatens to bring
to a halt the attempt that is being made to combine economic
growth with social justice ..."
Whatever the economists' design the program they in-
itiated in 1974 has more than short run implications. The
very concept of combining economic growth with social
justice implies that the economic plans of the future must
emphasize growth first, followed by social justice. unless the
former inflation repeats itself.
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 The first indication that the new econorPer1? ( dw t ReN bPARj(Q thcfa4TWt A?Fg11JActllt9A0gJW010076-1
designed for future as well as present situations came when
the final Fifth Year document was presented to the public on
Sept. 25, 1976. The plan proved important in four respects:
* This plan, which replaces the draft plan issued in 1973,
clearly defines agriculture as the leading sector.
SPECIAL
OFFER
* The plan increases private sector outlays by 68 per cent, The second benefit from agricultural development is that
while increasing public sector outlays by only 13 per cent. the emphasis on development of power and water supplies
* The plan assumes that all the policy steps listed above re- creates a demand for industrial goods and a steadily grow -
main in effect. According to one member of the Planning ing market for cement, pumps, electric motors, tractors, fer-
Commission, "A further reduction in the regulation of in- tilizers and other farm products. At the same time, the in-
dustry can be expected." crease in agricultural production keeps down the price of
* The plan unashamedly calls for more foreign aid. and food and other wage goods, thus making industry more ef-
makes no attempt to emphasize the theme of self-reliance. ficient.
And although Indian government officials take pains to A second change in the plan's emphasis calls for higher
emphasize that the new plan's philosophy parallels that of outlays in the private sector. This, too, has two aspects. The
the draft outline of 1973, and that there is only a shift in first is, according to the working paper, that the private sec-
emphasis. close scrutiny and in-depth talks with Indian tor had suffered a net decline in assets in the period from
Planners leave no doubt that a new development strategy has 1966 to 1973 as a the result of hostile regulations and con-
been launched. fiscatory taxes. This sector had in the past been one of the
The plan's pivotal aspect concerns the provisions for most vibrant parts of the Indian economy. and the architects
development of agriculture. As Yoginder K. Alagh of the of India's new economic system felt that it needed a better
Planning Ministry put it, "The idea is to vastly expand ex- atmosphere and easier credit to regain its momentum.
penditures on irrigation and power." By so doing India gains Further, when it is realized that most private enterprise in
two ways. First, better irrigation, through surface water and India is conducted by farmers the plan's emphasis on
wells, coupled with the use of high yielding seeds, would give agriculture meshes with the increased outlays to the private
India's biotic revolution a chance to occur at the targeted sector.
rate of 4 per cent a year ... an exponential rate which is The second aspect of only marginally increasing the public
Asia has a new voice
in the world.
Its called
ASIAWEEX!
L6LN.,
The Asian News Weekly
that provides Asia's
only independent
regional reporting
-factually
and with authority
by 3.16 per cent a year. compounded. from 1961 to 1972.
According to Alagh, a graduate of the University of Penn-
sylvania, "The key to progress is water. Once the water is in
place. we can predict the productivity increases based on
historical rates of growth in productivity."
8"..-b- 2A. 874 T
l 7
i
4`114111
--.-==moo
Yes, I am interested in knowing more about ,
ASIAWEEK. Please send me full subscription details,
and a free introductory copy of the current issue.
Mail today to: ASIAWEEK, The Asian News Weekly, GPO Box 2333, Hongkong
sector reflects the belief of the six economists that the public
sector had been operating well below capacity and was not in
need of increased outlays until current capacity was utilized
efficiently. Thus the decision to restrict outlays in this sector
is part of the long run policy to make the public sector pay its
own way.
The third change in the plan is the continued reduction in
regulation and control in industry. As one economist in the
planning commission put it. This group of policies helps
both the private and the public enterprises because it
reduces red tape and decentralizes decision making."
Finally, the acknowledgement in the final fifth plan that
overseas loans would be acceptable carries with it the
recognition that savings in India are not adequate yet. This is
a realistic conclusion that eliminates the need for further
rhetoric about economic autarchy.
The planners are aware that they will have to increase ex-
ports to pay off foreign loans and also have to increase
capital inflows in the form of new investment. As one critic
put it. 'When you accept foreign loans you have to accept
foreign capiial.'
All four changes in emphasis in the newltiv completed plan
give strength to the thesis that the working paper of the six
economists has had a permanent effect on the planning
process and that the new plan is following the Tobin Mlason
Model as used in Korea. Taiwan, the Philippines and Brazil.
While the model has been chanced to meet Indian stan-
dards, there is little question that the economists responsible
for the change arc aware of the influence of the model on
their thinking. Moreover. they point out. that their model in-
corporates ''many of the best features of the Soviet.
Agrarian. and Fabian models while not sacrificing efficien-
We are embarked upon a new course that will require
five to ten years to bring its best results.' said P.N. Dhar.
Dhar. a Kashmiri. smiled at this point and said. ''But it will
bring the kind of results that it has brought elsewhere."
Too modest to predict the economic miracle these policies
have brought in other countries. Dhar prefers to say that
''development comes in pauses and lurches.- Yet many of
his colleagues are sure that the new policies will result in
growth rates of at least 6' ~ a near from now to the end of the
century. Yoginder Alagh, who is responsible for long term
prospective planning, said, 'India is on its way." And his
boss Dr. Shankar Ghose. the financial wizard who straighten-
ed out the finances of West Bengal and is now planning
minister. said. 'Y'ou can say that the Indian economy has
reached its takeoff at last.''
With the change in policy initiated by the six economists
and the concretization of their ideas in policy and in the new
five year plan, it has become possible to look at projections
of India's future with the confidence that the policies are
suited to growth and to balance the needs of social justice
with the requirements of growth.
It is interesting to note that both the planning commission
and an independent study commissioned by the Ford Foun-
dation agree on future projections. Both groups of
futurologists are looking for growth rates of nearly 5.6 '1 to
7" per annum between now and the year 2001. At these rates
the per capita income of Indians would treble by the end of
the century and the GNP will increase to nearly 270 billion
dollars in the same period. This will give India, by the end of
the century, the same GNP as Japan's in 1970.
F. A. Mehta of the Ford Foundation. who published an
overall view of the Indian economy this year in the Ford
Foundation's "Second India Series". believes that the above
rate of growth is eminently reasonable for the Indian
economy and that even if the population of India grows from
its current level of 600 million to one billion by the end of the
century per capita income will more than triple.
The essential underpinning of the growth projections of
both the Ford Foundation and the government planners is
the agricultural projection. as agriculture accounts for over
half of the total GNP.
It is remarkable, therefore. that both forecasts have
chosen a 4" rate of agricultural growth as achievable.
On the industrial side. again both groups are forecasting in-
dustrial growth at the rate of between 7 and 9'( between now
and the end of the century.
Yoginder Alagh of the Prospective Planning Group of the
Planning Commission said. "Despite two of the worst
Each issue of ASIAWEEK brings you,
in easy-to-read English, the week's
main news -- politics, business,
finance, arts, new books, people,
social affairs. Famous writers
contribute Guest Columns, outside
experts explain specialised subjects.
The coupon will bring you your own
introductory copy of the current
issue.
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 droughts in history, cereal production iAct .tlacpmpj
compound rate between 1961 and 1972. If irrigation continues
to expand. we will certainly be able to increase production by
4':, per annum on an average between now and the end of
the century."
Hr. V.M Rao in his book in the Ford Foundation Series
also posts a 4 rate as attainable. but cautions that the
record of the Indian government in carrying out programs in
the agricultural sector is anything but encouraging.
Nevertheless, there is reason to believe that the long run itn-
plic'ations of irrigation will only be achieved through periods
of trial and error. '.Host economists now warn that the
governmmnt must manage its surpluses more cites lively to
provide food supplies during lean years ''Buffer Stock
management is crucial to our performance.' said Ur. (' II.
Hanumantha Rao.
At a press conference on September 75. ]Jr. S. Chakravorty
said that 'Fundamental to the planning process is a surplus
in the agricultural sector so that wage goods prices wilt be
held down. He stressed that this meant an urgent commit-
ment to increase buffer stocks and to increase time irrigated
land in order to increase productivity and to immunize India
to the vagaries of the monsoon.
The awareness of the role of agriculture cannot he un-
derestimated in India today. The failures in 1966 and 1972
made its commitment to agriculture As a result. Indian's in- 4
dustrial sector now has a solid base upon which to build_A,
industry, the major emphasis now is oil productivity. muder- Entrance to Kai-sei Gak-ko, where William Elliott Griffis
nization, and technological change taught in Tokyo. From Edward Warren Clark, "Life and
We have a great deal of unused or poorly used capacity
which we must. through better and more modern manage-
ment use more productively."
For foreign investors, there is It new set of instructions
which was published in April of this year called "Guidelines
for Foreign Investors Although the guidelines are similar
to those issued in the past, there is a change in tone in the
new booklet. As more than one official in the government
says. "We are open to projects that bring in new technology
more jobs, and create exports."
In part, the new atmosphere is due to an awakening in In-
dia than foreign savings can hest be attracted to India if new
capital comes in the form of investment. This is particularly
true since the government seems more willing than ever to
try the IMF rules, which it has not done in the past. The
government has seen other countries like Brazil and Iran
succeed within the western rules and now we want to he one
of the success countries."
It is when this whole mood is appreciated that one can see
closely the reality of the high projections of the futurologists.
It has to be stressed that India today is following a model
that in general has been successful in other countries. There
is simply no reason to believe that it will not be successful in
India.
Japan
Continued from Page 4)
of unfair competition. and to allege that Japan itself deals
unfairly with its imports from the United State.
In fact. it has been many years since Japan dismantled tine
last of its import quotas on foreign manufactured goods.
while the United Slates does have such restrictions today
notably on specialty steel products and textiles. Moreover.
Japan's tariffs are as low or lower than those of the United
States or the EE('.
Some U.S. and European criticism focuses on alleged
Japanese "non tariff harriers", notably including Japanese
restrictions until recently) on foreign autos which do not
meet Japan's strict standards of emission control. These
standards are not imposed to inhibit imparts of foreign cars,
of course. but because dense population and serious pollu-
tion problems make such standards essential. Nonetheless.
out of consideration for foreign car producers. Japan will
allow them probably at least two years to reach Japanese
standards of emission control.
Japanese business and government circles are convinced
that any nco-protectionism would not only he wholly un-
justified, but would also cause serious harm both to Japan
and to the United States land notably to American con-
sumers) while retarding or even aborting world economic
recovery.
Since Japan's recovery seems to have lust Its steam, as
witnessed by the three-month slump in industrial production
and consumer spending, the immediate challenge is to regain
economic momentum as rapidly as possible.
'toward that end. Japan's cabinet decided tin November)
on a series of business-stimulating measures. These include
projects for spending $3.4 billion in public works. private
housing and increased financing for smaller businesses, as
well as an incentive program to accelerate investment in new
plants and equipment
Yankee Teacher
In Meiji Japan
An American Teacher in Early Meiji Japan
By Edward It. Beauchamp
The University Press of Hawaii
1976, 154 pps, $4.75 paper.
This is the 17th publication in a series. Asian Studies at
Hawaii. published by The University Press of Hawaii, and
gratifying evidence it is of the growing effectiveness of the
East-West Center concept, an early Lyndon B. Johnson
promotion dating back to his days as Senate Majority Leader
.
in the 1950s
In this doctoral thesis, now-Professor Beauchamp provides
it somewhat misty picture of William Elliot Griffis' brief but
important turn as one of the yatoi )employed foreigners) who
helped Japan emerge from its long isolation in the Meiji
Restoration period Griffis had the unusual opportunity of
working as a teacher both in the remote feudal setting of
Fukui and in Tokyo, then a brand new national capital in its
early development phase. from 1870 to 1874. Meiji had conic
to the throne only two years before Griffis' arrival.
Griffis performed scientific experiments in the Emperor
Meiji's presence and worked with the Meiji statesmen who
helped transform Japan from Feudalism into a modern
state.
Beauchamp's picture is somewhat misty because the
materials from which he worked were limited, principally
letters from Griffis to his family in Philadelphia. Beauchamp
draws sparingly front Griffis' many publications, including
his most important work. "The Mikado's Empire." con-
sidered to have been the most widely read work on Japan in
this country up to World War lt. Beauchamp provides, non-
etheless, an interesting introduction to the formidable tasks
the Japanese undertook in bringing their isolated culture
into full contact with the outside world. The Japanese
reserve in accepting American missionaries is a case in point.
Some of the early American missionaries' activities in the
Orient can make some of today's Americans wince, but Grif-
fis' role was apparently less disturbing. For instance he
cautioned Japanese Christians in Tokyo and Yokohama
against embracing the peculiarities of one particular sect of
Christianity. no matter how hard some of the more zealous
missionaries pushed. When Christ's apostles spread His
word, Griffis wrote in a letter to Japans a Christians, the
Christian religion "was greatly influence by the peculiar
kinds of mind in the various nations. Ilene Christianity was
variously modified, just as the same seed Ill be modified by
various soils and climates." Europe ins' versions of
Christianity became diverse just as their languages became
Adventures in Japan" New York American Tract Society,
1878).
diverse. Griffis wrote, and since the Japanese were a
homogeneous people. there was no need of introducing the
various sectarian dimensions of Christianity.
Griffis worked hard to elevate the position of women in
,Japan, but with only modest success. There was still a good
deal to be done when Ethel Weed and her small hand of
Japanese women went to work on the some problem in
MacArthur's occupation.
It is interesting that Beauchamp finds Griffis going along,
to the extent that he does, with the traditional Japanese
myth that the imperial family descended from the heavens,
thus laying the basis for the divinity of the emperor. Griffis
could not accept all this as true history, but lie did find a cer-
tain element of truth in the details of tine stories. Griffis con-
cluded that the historical accounts of various ancient rulers'
exploits. "though exaggerated in mirage and fable, are in the
main. most probably historic." He found many disbelieving
,Japanese, of course, among them one student explaining
simply that "it is my duty to believe In them" (the myths.)
Griffis wrote in 1915 of the dangers that the institution of
the emperor might be captured someday by ambitious men
for their own manipulations, to the detriment of the
.Japanese people as a whole. That, of course, happened 20
years later, to the present occupant ^flhe throne, who non-
etheless survived to celebrate the 50th anniversary of his
reign - stripped. however, of his forefathers' claim to
divinity,
INTERCONTINENTAL
MARKETING CORP.
Is the leading subscription agent for
Engllsh-language (and many foreign-
language) publications In Japan.
Send for our free list of publications
from Asia and subscription prices.
INTERCONTINENTAL MARKETING
CORP.
IPO BOX 5066 TOKYO
100-31 JAPAN (Air Mall)
-JJ T-f ia #Xcs ~f
4103 flCrX 16~h 41 Gt0'ht**'74Rf 1-19-3 1d#i1S5 s7o
128 : 11111HEd6 (661) 8 3 7 3 rirS011 (667) 7 3 9 1
attti&ca.Yuri^a1rYR IM!).S*aiAlantar (SO)
.rfa[w004^}^ ISO) .9....1 A-.I..*KRJ
.-aaMa tH)[N ISA) . waffar.tcts (55)
^-1e^ st%r Y[^ 1551 .-5arfa^R1k (5a)
5555:5*7394
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
NEW ASIAN IMMIGRANTS
This is the second and concluding part of Isao Fujimoto's
"The New Asian Immigrants," which began in the
December issue of THE ASIA MAIL. If you missed the first
installment, write for a free copy of the December issue: Ms.
Phyllis Hanlon, THE ASIA MAIL, Box 1044, Alexandria, VA
22313.
Isao Fujimoto
Under these pressures, there will be a need, for a national
Asian American networking system for information
retrieval, for lobbying, for keeping different community
groups informed as to what is happening where. Also need
for National level organizations that Asians and communities
can turn to for counsel and coordination of efforts will
become more critical. For example, the National JACL has
encouraged the sponsoring of Vietnamese refugees by in-
dividual chapters. But leaving it at this is too parallel to the
government's effort to find sponsors for Vietnamese
refugees and stopping there. The proposed self-help
resources centers elevates the JACL effort beyond such
limitations. Sponsoring chapters will be needing advice, if
not help in the form of technical assistance, information.
workshops or field consulting. As refuge families go through
various stages of adjustment and integration into community
life, problems and needs will change. Rather than leave the
solution to each chapter and draining unnecessary energy in
duplicated trials and errors, a pooling of skills in resolving
these issues with a field staff will not only provide an ef-
ficient use of resources but can contribute also to morale in
unifying all these support communities together.
One of the better avenues for recognizing the needs of the .
Asian American community from a national level is the crea-
tion of offices or projects such as the Office of Asian
American Affairs, the National Project on Asian and Pacific
Island Americans of the US Commission on Civil Rights, the
Pacific Asian Coalition, the Asian Studies Programs, not to
speak of other possibilities such as a federation of Asian
Women or a council of Asian American Churches. For the first
time, and when the need becomes most apparent, there is
the makings of a nation wide network of similarly concerned
efforts that can respond to Asian American communities in
their efforts to broaden access, stay in touch with other
groups, enable resource sharing and working in concert on
problems of mutual concern.
The need to implement such a network linking Asian
American communities and groups for the purposes men-
tioned takes on a sense of urgency. This is influenced by the
politics of the Indochinese refugee situation and the com-
plexity of circumstance surrounding the Asian experience in
America. On the one hand here is the need to focus attention
on the maldistribution of services and the limits to which the
resources of the ethnic community can be taxed to resolve
problems arising among its own people without the
assistance of government funding. At the same time, there is
the delicate balance of organizing communities to become
more effective political entities without unduly arousing the
hositility of a public suspectible to the mention of visible
scapegoats, especially at a time of economic depression and
continued system breakdown. Asians have been cast in this
role all too often in the past.
There is also the problem of enlightening administrators
who hunger for examples of success and find it both political-
ly and intellectually convenient to continue to assume that
Asian Americans do not have problems and are not about to
veer from this myth unless confronted by facts or pressure or
both. Among the offices that do respond. as in the case of the
Task Force on Refugees, the response can be limited or even
counterproductive if based on experiences with Europeans
and insensitive to the needs of people from the Eastern
Hemisphere.
All this adds up to the continued need for Asian American
communities to develop parallel institutions while also
widening avenues for greater input into exsisting institutions.
This means encouraging and supporting organizing at the
local level within specific Asian groups while also pushing
ahead nationally on a Pan-Asian basis. In such context. a
networking system takes on central relavance.
What then about the specific role of Asian American
communities to new immigrants? On the one hand there is
apathy or indifference if not some hostility. According to
those working on services to new immigrants, some of this
inaction can be attributed to the struggles and battles waged
in the past without assistance in a Laissez Faire, competitive
market system. Then there's the belief that newcomers are
no different in their needs or privileges from what the earlier
pioneers experienced and' hence should have to work out
problems themselves. On the other hand, there are those
who see in a common Asian identity, a kinship predicated by
mutual need for survival - that is if one is in need. then all
are needed. For those Asian Americans who see the realities
of a society where it is just as common, if not easier, for in-
dividual Asians to be judged categorically rather than on in-
dividual merit, there is good cause to rally to assist other
Asians in need.
Certainly America is a long way from the open society it
would like to claim to be with well informed citizens judging
everyone on individual merit. Despite the response of
military base personnel and their families towards the In-
dochinese refugees, the latent pools of animosity in many
veterans who fought against Asians over the past 40 years
does not make matters any easier. Examples of the latter are
cases of discrimination both overt and covert involving Asian
Americans working with former officers now in ad-
ministrative positions.
If anything, the influx of immigrants means a rekindling
and renewal of each Asian American's identity. Though peo-
ple may be more scattered and assimilated into different
communities, the bond of Asian ethnicity rests more on
social nearness than it does on common residence. The fact
that Asians are a recognizable minority makes indifference
and escape from the issues that much more difficult and un-
realistic. Given this reality, what are the roles for Asian and
Pacific Island American communities?
For one thing, Asian Americans provide a very vital
linkage between the ethnic and dominant community. Many
service agencies, staffed by Asian Americans. are as much in-
formation clearing houses and conduits matching resources
to needs, as brokers and go betweens that prevent the im-
migrant from being completely isolated from the society he
came to be part of.
Secondly there is the matter of meshing the needs of the
settled Asian Americans with the needs on the new Due to
the visibility and numbers of the latter, and the apparent
visibility of their problems, aid that comes to the Asian
American community tends to favor the immigrants as
witness language skills centers. manpower services. and im-
migrant services. In contrast, unbelieving authorities work-
ing on the assumption that there are no problems among
Asian American born here. are slow to respond. Working in
concert can expedite matters.
Then there is the matter of Pacific rim policies that affect
old and new Asian and Pacific Island Americans alike. Tied
into this is the reality of understanding ones cultural
heritage as a basis of understanding more clearly ones iden-
tity in the face of larger issues such as the foreign policy of
the United States. Just as the youth in the minority com-
munity must look beyond elders in the community for the
source of his restraints, so the Asian American must see how
his life and affairs of his community are affected by larger
global issues.
Tied to understanding ethnic and cultural heritage is the
stuff of survival. Chances for social improvement are
greater, as Kramer has discussed in her book about minority
community. when there is a strong family at the core along
with a strong cultural heritage. Culture need not instruct one
in how to survive but does offer reasons for survial. To sur-
vive, the why proceeds the how. When one wants to five. one
finds a way.
Lastly the Asian and Pacific Island American can add to
the vitality of the minority community, making more clear
its function as a way station than a trap. All people in a
mobile society are like ships at sea. Some carry cargo of
different types and some get battered in storms. We all need
places to dock. to rest and to repair, a place to check in.
Refugees, immigrants, marginal people and the socially
mobile all have needs for safe ports in safe territories. The
minority community can be such a vital way station,
providing critical resources and psychic support, being nur-
turing and supportive without suffocating or limiting
members in the guise of the security that it provides.
Style Problem
Dims Warrior
The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts
By Maxine Hong Kingston
Alfred A. Knopf. Inc., 1976. 209 pps.. $7.95
Arielle Emmett
Maxine Hong Kingston, a Chinese-American who has never
seen her homeland. attempts an exorcism in her first work.
"The Woman Warrior." She is determined to rid herself of
the demons that riddle her Chinese and American past, to
sort out the dreams and nightmares of her life in a
Chinatown laundry, and to ask. once and for all. "what is
Chinese tradition. and what is the movies
T: ese are by no means modest goals. Kingston plows into
uiem headlong. wielding her pen in anl act of frenetic confes-
sion like the sword of the legendary woman warrior. Fa Mu-
lan, whom she longs to emulate. But redress of grievances -
and there are many. indeed - is simply not enough.
Kingston is writing a memoir, and in doing so she fails to give
the reader a coherent framework upon which to fully under-
stand the complexities of her life.
The problem is clearly one of style. not substance. The
author begins her story, in fact. with a brilliant idea her
mother's account of a forbidden chapter in the family's past.
the history of a disgraced aunt.
"You must not tell anyone ... what I am about to tell you.
In China your father had a sister who killed herself. She
jumped into the family well. We say that your father has all
brothers because it is as if she had never been born."
Kingston's aunt commits suicide because she bears the
child of an anonymous man, not her husband's, incurring the
wrath of the starving, ghost-mongering villagers who curse
and ransack the family house even prior to the baby's birth.
The aunt is thereafter stripped of her name and identity
forced to roam the underworld "always hungry." begging
food from other ghosts because her own family refuses to
feed - and recognize --- her. Kingston somehow identifies
with this "No Name kk oman." who is at once a rebel, a vic-
tim, and an outcast. and in writing the memoir she seeks. in
a way. to properly avenge the woman's death
Her tool of vengeance however, is a fantasy. Kingston at
an early age is infected by her mother's incessant "talk-
stories'. about the fabulous dynasty-wrecker. Mu Lan. a
swordswoman trained by the immortals for 15 years in the
tactics and mind-tricks of monkeys. tigers. and dragons. This
warrior woman. the author adds. is the only female with
enough power to supplant her own father in battle. and "get
even" with anyone who means her family harm.
Significantly. Kingston envisions herself as this woman
warrior. bearing the names and grievances of her on family
carved in blood upon her back.
The grievances are too numerous to be counted.
Kingston's family in China, she reports. is gradually and
pathetically whittled away by the Communists. Ifer mother,
Brave Orchid. a "scientific'' and headstrong woman trained
in Canton in medicine. midwifery. and exorcism. is forced to
give up her lucrative and honored practice and revert again
to a "slave-wife" in the family's Chinese laundries in New
York and California: both of which are lost. Her father grows
thin and loses hope of returning to his homeland: yet another
aunt, Moon Orchid, goes read after being rejected face-to-
face by an affluent. Americanized husband who left her in
China thirty years earlier. Maxine herself, a sullen, resentful
child, flunks kindergarten and paints all her pictures in black
for the first three years of school. Fueled by her mother's
fears. she grows up hiding from all the barbarian "ghosts"
around her - "Grocery Ghosts," "Social Worker Ghosts."
the "Noisy. Red-Mouthed Ghosts ' who taunt the family in
their laundry. She is tormented by memories of her grand-
father equating girls with "maggots": of her mother force-
feeding the family with "blood puddings awobble" and
bowls of monkey brains and skunk. And her childhood
answer to being tortured is to torture others - which she
does, very effectively, in the school lavatory after hours.
We can't argue with Kingston's vision, however dark. The
weakness of the memoir is not its truth. but the way in which
she records it. Taken individually. many episodes are indeed
powerfully and succinctly written. Kingston particularly ex-
cels at catching the nuances of an intimate moment: "I
helped my parents carry their tools. and they walked ahead
(See WARRIOR, Page 22)
The Asia Mail January 1977
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Bookshelf...
DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS ON JAPAN AND KOREA,
1969-1974
A Classified Bibliographical Listing of International
Research; compiled and edited by Frank Joseph
Shulman; University Microfilms International, 300 North
Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106; 1976, free. Nearly 5000
entries for research undertaken at U.S. and foreign un-
iversities are contained in this valuable and comprehen-
sive bibliography of East Asia. Entries provide informa-
tion about the availability and location of published thesis
summaries. The volume is the first supplement to Dr.
Shulman's, Japan and Korea: An Annotated Bibliography
of Doctoral Dissertations in Western Languages, 1877-
1969. The supplement is available free of charge from the
publisher. See page 2 for coupon advertisement.
CHINA'S SCIENTIFIC POLICIES
Implications for International Cooperation; by Charles P.
Ridley; American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy
Research, 1150 17th St., NW, Washington, DC 20036, and
Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stan-
ford University, Stanford, CA, 1976, 92 pps.. $3 paper. The
prospects for future exchange of scientific information
between the U.S. and the P.R.C. will offer little for the
American scientist involved in new research in his field,
according to this new AEI-Hoover policy study. Internal
political factors and power struggles within China have
resulted in the disruption and shifts away from work in
basic medical research, biochemisty and organic
chemistry. The Chinese, however, are interested in
cooperation tied to utilitarian and applied research in
agriculture and medicine which have a direct effect on
national development.
THE MAKING OF A PEASANT DOCTOR
By Yang Hsiao: Foreign Language Press, distributed in
the U.S. by China Book & Periodicals, 2929 24th St., San
Francisco. CA 94110; 1976, 199 pps.. $1.50 paper.
"Barefoot doctors," a product of the Cultural Revolution,
work the fields as well as prevent and cure illnesses for
China's peasants. Hung-yu, as one of those educated by
Mao Tse-tung Thought is determined to serve his fellow
villagers while fighting the class enemy in this short pic-
turesque novel.
SUN YAT-SEN
Frustrated Patriot: by C. Martin Wilbur: Columbia
University Press. 562 West 113th St., New York. NY
10025; 1976, 413 pps., $16.50. Dr. Sun's 30-year fund-
raising efforts among overseas Chinese and foreign in-
vestors and his unsuccessful attempts to acquire support
from the major foreign powers are the central topics of
this new book describing the former Chinese leader's
frustrated political life. Strongly devoted to the political
reform of his country. he drafted imaginative plans for
China's economic development. Impossible to achieve in
his own day, they were to become interwoven into plans
for international cooperation for the aid of un-
derdeveloped nations.
YENCHING UNIVERSITY AND SINO-WESTERN
RELATIONS, 1916-1952
By Philip West; Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
MA 1976, 330 pps., $16. Founded by Western missionaries
in 1916, Yenching University was an impressive example
of Western-Sino cooperation. The ties between
Easterners and Westerners at Yenching in the early half
of this century were both educational and religious. It was
a rising national consciousness, student radicalization
and, ultimately, war that stamped out that religious bond
by the late 1940s.
RUSSIAN STUDIES OF CHINA
Progress and Problems of Soviet Sinology: by E. Stuart
Kirby; Rowman and Littlefield, 81 Adams Dr., Totawa.
NJ. 07512: 1976, 209 pps., $20 Soviet concerns in all fields
of China studies, including hisotrical, cultural, polticial
and economic, are surveyed. While the book is not all-
comprehensive, it does provide the reader with an in-
troduction to the formalized studies which have been on-
going for nearly three centuries. Mr. Kirby focuses on
present-day ideology and information.
WOMEN IN THE WORLD
A Comparative Study. Lynne B. Iglitzin and Ruth Ross.
editors: Clio Books, 1976, 429 pps. The emancipation of
Chinese women, changes in China's marriage law, and the
effect of industrialization on Hong Kong's women are just
three areas covered in this collection of essays expressing
women's views and rights. The book, which recognizes
that women are developing their own strengths and con-
sciousness of the need for change, was an outgrowth of a
January 1977 The Asia Mail
1974 symposium, "Social and Political Change: The Role
of Women." sponsored by the Center for the Study of
Democratic Institutions and the University of California.
THE LONG AND SHORT OF CHINESE COOKING
James Rollband, Crossing Press, Trumansburg. NY
14886. 1976, 223 pps., $9.95 hardcover, $5.95 paper. A com-
plete and comprehensive guide for the novice cook in-
cludes information on methods, equipment, ingredients,
and menus. Mr. Rollband has simplified the sometimes
difficult procedures of the Chinese restaurant into easy-
to-follow home methods.
ASIA'S NEW GIANT
How the Japanese Economy Works; edited by Hugh
Patrick and Henry Rosovsky; The Brookings Institution,
1775 Massachusetts Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20036;
1976, 943 pps., $19.95 cloth, $10.95 paper. How the
Japanese have managed their economy over the past two
decades and an assessment of present and future
economic prospects are examined by a group of leading
U.S. social analysts paired with some younger Japanese
scholars. This highly recommended book provides a basis
for understanding how Japan emerged from devastation
following World War II to become the world's third
largest industrialized nation in less than a quarter of a
century.
INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION IN JAPAN
By Richard E. Caves and Masu Uekusa; Brookings In-
stitution; 1976, 168 pps., $9.95 cloth, $3.50 paper. The
authors set about to disprove the accepted theory that
Japan's industrial society differs from those of the West
in structure and practices. Caves and Uekusa explain the
similarities and differences between the industrial
organizations of the U.S. and Japan and conclude that the
influence of Japan's institutions on the economy differ lit-
tle from Western industrial economies.
From A MEDITATOR'S DIARY by Jane Hamilton.
Merritt, Harper and Row Publishers.
HOW JAPAN'S ECONOMY GREW SO FAST
The Sources of Postwar Expansion; Edward F. I)enison
and William K. Chung: Brookings Institution: 1976, 265
pps.. $10.95 cloth, .$4.95 paper. The sources and
magnitude of Japan's growing economy are compared to
those of the West. According to the authors, Japan's high
growth rate resulted from five major areas: Increase in
labor, increase in capital, reallocation of labor from
agriculture and self-employment, improved technology in
production, and economies of scale. Denison and Chung
see little decline in the high growth rate for the rest of the
20th century.
JAPAN'S MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES
By M.Y. Yoshino; Harvard University Press, 79 Garden
St., Cambridge, MA 02138; 1976, 191 pps.. $12 50. The
rapid growth of Japan's economy, its accomplishments,
implications on the rest of the world and the impact on
her own culture and society, are significantly examined
by Professor Yoshino. Because Japan is seeking mul-
tinational development, present cultural practices within
the business community must be reexamined and new
managerial practices must be adopted. The author
proposes that this may weaken Japan's stability and
strength.
JAPAN: THE PARADOX OF PROGRESS
Edited by Lewis Austin; Yale University Press, 92A Yale
Station. New Haven. CT 06520; 1976, 338 pps.. $20.00.
Japan, center of a paradoxical struggle between tradition
and modernity, faces a changing future that holds a cer-
tain amount of danger for this nation so dependent on
outside sources. Eleven essays examine different facets of
Japanese culture and the problems of a society wherein
rapid growth generates conflict between traditional
values and advanced technology. Such problems as how
Japan, the world's third largest economic power yet
dependent almost entirely on imports of raw materials,
would exist in a world of scarcity and how Japan's non-
violent international policy can survive in a time of
nuclear proliferation.
THE NEW ECONOMICS OF GROWTH
A Strategy for India and the Developing World; by John
W. Mellor; Cornell University Press: 1976, 335 pps.,
$11.50. Development strategy is determined by economic
factors. Mr. Mellor has determined that increased
employment and greater participation of the poor rather
than a redistribution of existing output will result in
greater economic growth. For both rural and urban
development, the author chooses a plan for technological
change in agricultural production. India is the blueprint
for the underdeveloped world.
PLAIN TALES FROM THE RAJ
Images of British India in the twentieth century; edited
by Charles Allen; St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Ave., New
York, NY 10010; 1975, 240 pps., $12.95. Experiences vary-
ing from the carefree Edwardian childhood to the loss of
confidence in Anglo-India, the war, partition, departure
and final regrets comprise this transcription of the
reminiscences of some 70 ordinary British men and
women who went to India over the past 50 years. Mos-
quito nets and snake charmers come alive in these stories
which were once part of a radio series by the same name.
THE AGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE INDIAN
POPULATION
A reconstruction for the states and territories, 1881-1961;
Sudhansu Bhusan Mukherjee: East West Center. East
West Population Institute. 1777 East-West Road,
Honolulu, III 96822: 1976, 280 pps., $5.00 paper. A book
primarily intended for demographers, economists, and
planners involved in India's population studies, it is also
widely accepted by others as a substantial study of the
subject as it pertains to the present and future. India, uni-
que as a developing country having an ongoing series of
population reports for more than a century, has made lit-
tle information available to scholars in the past. The East-
West book provides numerous tables and diagrams perti-
nent to the study.
A MEDITATOR'S DIARY
A Western Woman's Unique Experiences in Thailand
Temples: by Jane Hamilton-Merritt; Harper & Row
Publishers. 10 East 53rd St , New York, NY 10022: 1976,
157 pps.. $6.95. The author's struggles, fears and often-
hallucinatory experiences during meditation draw the
reader closer to the real world of Buddhist meditation.
This personal account of a Western woman's experiences
living in Buddhist monasteries in Thailand relates not
only the changes in her, but offers a practical introduction
to home meditation and tranquility
PHILIPPINES: THE SILENCED DEMOCRACY
By Raul S. Manglapus: Orbis Books, Mary Knoll, NY
10545; 1976. 205 pps., $7.95. Written by the Philippine's
most notable political exile, this book reveals how the
needs and desires of Ferdinand Marcos are served by the
military and economic leaders in the U.S. He uses the
book as an appeal for a return look at America's role in
the Philippine's past especially from the time of Teddy
Roosevelt and his "Manifest Destiny." The second half of
the book is devoted to that period in history as written by
Manglapus in 1974 in his musical comedy, "Manifest
Destiny"
BALI PROFILE
People, Events. Circumstances, 1001-1976; by Willard A.
Hanna: American Universities Field Staff, 4 West
Wheelock St.. Hanover, NH 03755: 1976. 140 pps.. $9.95
paper. A dearth of information is available on the culture
of Bali, but little has been written about her historical
relationships with Westerners. Willard Hanna has put into
chronological order the development of this rapidly grow-
ing Pacific Island and the influence Western visitors and
rulers, particularly the Danes and the Dutch, have had on
colonialism, revolution and modernization.
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 minimum.)
Send classified orders and Box Ieplles to Ili( Hsi,
Mail, P.O. Box 1044 Alexandi a, Viigini
THE ASIA MAIL
3 FFOR2
NEW YEAR
CLASSIFIED BARGAIN
Start the New Year off on a positive money-saving
note by advertising yourself, your services and your
needs in THE ASIA MAIL's three-for-two classified
special offer. Three months for the price of two. Just
write your ad in the coupon below, multiply the
number of words times 50 cents and multiply that
figure by two. (But actually you get three insertions
that will reach at least 30,000 readers and as many as
60,000. New subscribers being added each month!) If
you have an Asia-related sales message, THE ASIA
MAIL is the medium for you!
rommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmms
L IFIED INSERTION ORDER . C ASS .
THE ASIA MAIL P.O. BOX 1044 ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22313 ;
Please enter my ad in three issues of THE ASIA MAIL starting with
the issue. For words in two issues, I enclose IN
$ (The third issue is free!) Or charge my ^
f BankAmericard number
. (.50
Classified
T
CHINESE ANTIQUES and objets d'art
for sale or trade. Details, TAM Box
12P.
POSITIONS
AVAILABLE
J
EDITOR with many years magazine
experience, would like to relocate
to Hong Kong if situation is right.
Single, no hang-ups. Reply to TAM
Box 12S.
PROFESSOR, early 50s, tired of
academic life seeks challenging
new career preferably in South or
Southeast Asia. Now living San
Francisco area but will pay own
relocation expenses. TAM Box
12T.
PROFESSIONAL ACTOR, with ex-
perience in Kabuki and Noh techni-
que available for teaching, direc-
ting. performing. Reply TAM Box
12R.
EMPLOYMENT
SERVICES
TEACHERS - ADMINISTRATORS.
Current school, college opening
list in U.S. $5.95; abroad: $5.95.
Library openings $4.95. Leading
placement sources U.S. $3.95:
Foreign $4.95. EISB Box 662, New-
ton, Mass. 02162.
EMPLOYMENTII U.S.! Foreign!
Skilled, Equal Opportunity, All
Fields, Directory, Application,
Resume Instructions. $3.00
National Information, Department
AM, 422 Washington Building,
Washington, D.C. 20005.
PAID AND VOLUNTEER WORK
WORLDWIDE. MONTHLY
EMPLOYERS REPORT "JOBS
WORLDWIDE" $3.00 (Refundable
to J.W. Subscribers). Alexander,
Box 357 AM, South Pasadena, CA
91030.
SERVICES 1
WORDSMITHS. Research, writing
projects large/small. Professional
writers, editors consortium.
Original, confidential. Specialties;
geopolitical, historical. Box 5882,
Chicago 60680.
COPY
per word,
15 word ;
BANKAMERICARD
NAME ADDIIE$S
CRY STATE
DP TELEPHONE
POST OFFICE BOX NUMBER AND TELEPHONE NUMBER COUNT AS TWO WORDS EACH. ABBREVIATIONS AND
ZIP AS ONE WORD EACH. THE BOX NUMBER COUNTS TWO WORDS, $5 CHARGE FOR HANDLING AND
FORWARDING OF BOX REPLIES.
LIBRARY INFORMATION RESEARCH by
professional librarians. All fields.
Photocopies provided. Box 8202A.
Pittsburgh, PA 15217.
TIRED OF PAYING MONOPOLY
COMMISSIONS TO BIG TIME
BROKERS? We'll handle your trade
on any exchange at BEST RATES
anywhere in the nation. Call Kulak
Voss. [phone], or write
6320 August Drive, Springfield,
Va. 22150.
DATES UNLIMITEDI Meet singles in
Tokyo, Hong Kong, San Francisco,
Los Angeles, Seattle. No gays. Call
DATELINE, Toll free (800) 451-
3245.
RESEARCH WRITING, EDITING
available from experienced
professional. Any subject, any
length manuscript considered.
TAM Box 12F.
4391. Washington. D.C. 20012.
[phone].
RESEARCH, WRITING, EDITING -
papers, reports, manuscripts,
theses. All Subjects -
professional, literary, academic.
Confidential. Nationwide library
facilities. INTELLEX, Drawer 3000,
Dayton, WA 99328.
CHANGE YOUR NAME - improve
your image - increase your
profits! Expert, confidential ser-
vices for large/small businesses.
CONSULTREX, Drawer 3000.
Dayton, WA 99328.
ARE YOU GREAT WITH IDEAS - but
awkward with words? Have a pro
to help, in strictest confidence. I'll
rewrite or edit your speech, thesis,
letter, article or book if you give
me the raw material. Top
professional rates but quality
assured. Write SCRIBE 8109
Ainsworth Ave., Springfield, Va.
22150.
THE JAPAN LETTER tells who's doing
what to whom in Tokyo business
circles. Weekly "Focus" feature
recommends hotels, restaurants,
health spas in Tokyo. Fortnightly
newsletter, subscriptions $55 per
year. THE JAPAN LETTER, Box
54149, Los Angeles, CA 90054.
HAWAII BUSINESS coverage is com-
plete in Pacific Business News,
published weekly by Crossroads
Press, Inc. For subscription details
write P.O. Box 833, Honolulu,
Hawaii 96808.
REAL ESTATE
OAHU HAWAII BEACH COTTAGE.
Sleeps four. Tennis, Pool. $260 per
week. Condominium. P.O. Box 129
- ma, Pleasantville, NY 10570,
USA.
HONG KONG APARTMENT, available
January-February-March, ideal for
visiting couple or bachelor. $550
monthly. TAM Box 12Y.
THREE BEDROOM HOUSE in Shinjuku
section of Tokyo, available for
calendar 1977. Close to subway,
bus transportation, $1,100
monthly with two-month deposit
required. Details and photo write
TAM Box 12X.
RESTAURANT. Western-style, for
long-term lease in Taipei. Owner
going on extended vacation for
health reasons. Excellent
prospects if you know Taiwan and
the food business. Principals only.
TAM Box 12A.
WANTED: Information on rental
condominium to sleep five in any
major ski area, east or west. Reply
TAM Box 12B.
ASIA. Catalogues of scarce books
issued. Write Hall, 30 Staines
Road, Twickenham, 'IW2 5AH
England.
PEKING REVIEW, Far Eastern
Economic Review bound volumes
from 1960s. Fine condition.
Includes period of Great
Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
For sale as set or individually.
TAM Box 120.
INSIDER'S GUIDE to Hong Kong, cuts
through chaff, tells you what you
really need to know about business
and pleasure in British Crown
Colony. While they last - $5. Box
3477 Sheugwan, Hong Kong BCC.
THE CHINA MARKET is coming to life
again. For basic facts and trends,
outlook for future, you need: "The
Future of the China Market,
Prospects for Sino-American
Trade " Published 1974, American
Enterprise Institute. Mail orders
write directly to AEI, 1150
Seventeenth St. NW. Wash., D.C.
20036.
ASIA AND MIDDLE EAST Rare Out-of-
Print catalogue from Asian Rare
Books Inc., 507 Fifth Avenue (307)
New York, NY 10017.
AIRCRAFT
LEARJET 25C, custom outfitted,
range up to 2,000 miles. Excellent
condition. Special navigational
features. Owner reducing fleet.
Principals only please. Write TAM
Box 12C.
SABRELINER 40, Dual FD 108's, ex-
cellent engine and interior. Like
new. No reasonable offer refused.
TAM Box 12D.
, AUTOMOBILES
THE ONE you've been waiting for!
1954 Jaguar XK-120. Runs like a
dream. Cleveland, Ohio location,
$9,000. TAM Box 12E., or phone
[phone].
RARE MAPS I
J
RARE MAPS of the 16th-19th cen-
turies. Our handsome, profusely il-
lustrated catalog 7, $2.00. The
Windsor Collection, 111 Canter-
bury Drive, Wilmington. Delaware
19803.
JOIN OUR RANKS, help us reduce
the population by at least 50%.
Free Brochure: Negative Popula-
tion Growth, Inc., 103 Park
Avenue, Room 414, New York, NY
10017.
MATH WITHOUT TEARS
GHOSTWRITING. Library Research.
Access to all the facilities of the
Nation's capital. Also: Send $1.00
for our large catalog of prewritten
research. Writers Unlimited, Box I
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
In lively non-technical language Mr Hartkopf gives a
basic understanding of many of the everyday appli-
cations of mathematics.
Emphasizing the practical aspects of math, the au-
thor avoids mathematical terms and jargon and takes
the reader from simple counting to trigonometry and
calculus MATH WITHOUT TEARS is written with a
light touch and is filled with interesting anecdotes,
spiced with humor Learn math in the comfort of your
own home at minimum cost 10 day money back guar-
antee
Math Without Tears by Roy Hartkopf
Emerson Books. loc.. Dept AM. Beckanan. New Perk 10511
The Asia ;Nail January 1977
 in Northern Virginia. Politics,
economics, relationships of
Peking-Taipei-Washington.
Details. TAM Box 12G.
TALL. HANDSOME, self-assured,
educated, understanding, witty
man sought by woman of same
qualities. TAM Box 120.
MALE HAIKU FREAK would like to ex-
change original Haiku poems with
Japanese female. Bob Ragatz,
11405 Glyndon Drive, Jericho, NY
11753.
WASHINGTON WOMAN, com-
municative, intelligent, seeks good
conversation and meaniful ex-
periences for non-commital
relationship. TAM Box 12H.
SUPERMAN SEEKS SUPERWOMAN
for adventuresome experience.
Must be outdoors type. TAM Box
121
ATLANTA DIVORCEE longtime resi-
dent of Yokohama, would like to
meet refined gentleman in 50s who
has some interest in Japanese art,
culture and, ideally, language. Will
exchange photos. TAM Box 12J.
THREE KOREAN GALS, with tastes
ranging from kind to kinky, want to
meet Los Angeles businessmen in
35-40 age range. Object: Under-
standing American culture. Will
exchange photos. Chang Sisters,
TAM Box 12K.
INTELLIGENT Marina del Rey,
California bachelor, 52, would like
to meet serious, intellectual
Japanese or Chinese lady for com-
panionship. TAM Box 12L.
SENSITIVE CHICAGO WIDOWER,
mid-forties, Jewish, seeks single,
cultured lady to share art, theatre,
dining, music, Only secure, un-
Steel
selfish should respond. TAM Box
12N.
YOUNG INTROVERT seeks national
correspondence with other Asian-
Americans. Share thoughts and ex-
periences. Confidential. Reply
TAM Box 12U.
JAPANESE EXCHANGE STUDENT
looking for home with American
family in Washington D.C. area.
Speaks English, clean, respectful.
References. Reply TAM Box 12V.
COMPANIONABLE Baltimore Old Asia
Hand, late 40s, humorous, outdoor
loving, seeks meeting with woman
of similar interests in 30s, 40s.
TAM Box 12M.
SINGLE BOOKLOVERS gets cultured,
single, widowed or divorced per-
sons acquainted. Nationwide.
Write Box AE Swarthmore, PA
19081.
WANTED IMMEDIATELY 50 Million
People Who Want To Be More
Humane To Humans - has
resulted in our receiving over 10,-
000 letters to date from women
who are searching for sincere,
genuine friendships and com-
panionship. If you are 25 years of
age or older and would like to meet
at least 10 individuals within 250
miles of your location (US), then
send $2.00 and a self addressed,
stamped envelope to: PEOPLE
BENEATH THE SKIN, ATTN: Direc-
tory, P.O. Box 544, Folsom, PA
19033.
SEND
REPLIES TO:
TAM BOX
The Asia Mail
Box 1044
Alexandria, Virginia 22313
any discussion in the GATT on bilateral restraints resulting
from the flood of steel exports from Japan to other
countries. In 1976. ,Japan's steel exports will total $10 billion
about one-sixth of the dollar value of all Japanese exports
with more than $2 billion routed to the open U.S. market.
Rather than face questions in GATT posed by these restraint
agreements concerning fair and non-discriminatory rules for
the conduct of world trade in steel Japan may prefer to con-
tinue quiet bilateral arrangements with Europe when they
become necessary.
But where will that leave the United States? I would aver
- out in the cold when it comes to fair and equitable rules
for international trade in steel.
A postscript to Simmon's statement is this excerpt from
the testimony of C. William Verity. Chairman. Armco Steel
Corporation, before the Section 301 Committee of the Office
of Special Trade Representative for Trade Negotiations in
Washington D.C. Dec. 9.:
"Lets say the Japanese can sell steel in our market if they
are $30 below our price - even though this price may be well
below their total cost. They can get away with this because
they are not dependent on profits for their survival. As a key
industry and instrument of national policy. they know that
the Government will see to it that the steel companies get
the money necessary to carry out national economic and
social objectives. Therefore, they can afford to export at
prices we couldn't touch. The Japanese believe that such
financial support to the steel industry is better than putting
out $12,000 a year in unemployment benefits to an un-
employed steel worker.
"Why not do the same thing in America?
... First, American steel companies cannot sell for long
at a loss because we neither have nor want government sub-
sidies.
"... Secondly, steel trade with Japan is a one-way street.
Although they have no official restraints on steel imports
now. I am convinced that they would never allow substantial
tonnages to enter their market in competition with domestic
steel. The Government would keep it out through "Ad-
ministrative Guidance" or other means. In contrast. the U.S.
market is virtually wide open - in both good and bad
times. "
pproved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
`Confessions'
(Contined from Page 9)
"I realized that people would come to our house and it was
just because of John's job . . . People would sit there and
never ask me what I was doing. what my interests were . . . I
mean whole evenings would go by and not one person would
ask me ... I was just the cook," she says.
One day, Hudson was horrified to discover "a pattern
developing in my life." It was a pattern of "learning
languages and leaving a country and not having anything to
show for it."
It frightened her. "It was a nice experience but I wanted
something to build on."
With these seeds of growing discontent. Hudson moved to
her husband's third post - An Asian country with one of the
largest U.S. missions abroad. It was there that things began
to snap into place.
When they first arrived, she says, "I was so wrought up ...
I said to my husband, 'I keep doing these things and it never
leads to anything.' "
Along with the "frustration and boredom" Hudson
brought to Asia. she felt determined not to learn another
language but to pursue her design work, instead.
Early in the first year at her third post. Hudson reached
yet another turning point. "When we got married in 1964."
she explains, "my mother gave me 'The Feminine Mystique'
and a book by Ashley Montague called "The Natural
Superiority of the Female' ... At that time, I said. 'Mother, I
don't want to be superior' ... and I wouldn't read the
books."
But, by the time she got to Asia, "I was getting frustrated
... I didn't really know what was wrong and I didn't know
what my feelings were about why I couldn't get the work per-
mit. I just knew I was irritated and something seemed unjust
about the whole thing." she recalls.
''I started probing to find out who was in a similar situa-
tion ... and I found lots of them." she says.
Through it all. Hudson says, her husband was "very sup-
portive." even when she was at a low point and the going was
rough. The ''pressure" she felt not to embarrass him only
added to her problems.
"When I'm not very happy ... I can tell you it affects us all
.. I know it creates a morale problem for my husband and I
can't help but believe it does for the State Department,
generally," Hudson says.
Other husbands were also supportive, according to Hud-
son. who says the spouse's action group started quite small
but kept growing.
Most of the spouses - in one case, a man - joined the
group after a personal experience left them frustrated and
hostile, Hudson says.
By this time. Hudson was working illegally in a job that,
while not in her field, had been easy to get.
"I taught English in a school that had been hiring
diplomat's wives for years ... No one had ever gotten a work
permit ... Everyone advises you when you get the job just to
keep your mouth shut ... As long as the embassy doesn't
know about it, it's okay." she says.
Hudson continued to plug away at design work until she
finally received her reward - a small job doing some art
work for a magazine. From her magazine designs came an
offer from a huge textile firm to do work on a royalty basis.
Hudson took it, fully realizing she had broken through a
barrier.
"I realized that there was a certain amount of luck involv-
ed and I wished that everybody could have the luck," she
says.
This time, when Hudson came back to the States, she had
something to build on - designs that are still bringing in
royalties and which have led to offers from big apparel firms
here.
She thinks she now has what she has been looking for -
"the personal satisfaction of doing something that someone
else wants, of feeling fulfilled ... of standing on my own."
Still, Hudson feels scarred by the experience and the
"needless" difficulty she encountered getting where she is.
She is certain if the State Department took even a slight in-
terest in the problems of spouses - showed a willingness to
discuss them and correct the ones that can be solved -
everyone would benefit.
And that is why she agreed to tell her story.
Reprinted with permission from The Washington Star.
Mekong
(Continued from Page 13)
young intellectuals of that university have played in bringing
change to what is still a semi-feudal country. October 6,
which followed a wave of assassinations of left-wing figures,
has once again swung the pendulum against such
rationalizers. Pichai Rathanakun, Foreign Minister before
the coup, and the first Thai Foreign Minister ever to visit
Hanoi, is now in exile. Anand Panyarachun, Undersecretary
of Foreign Affairs and architect of what was called a new
Thai foreign policy of 'equidistance" has been removed
from his position.
Among those arrested after the coup was Pansak
Vinyaratn, editor and publisher of a Thai news weekly, who
in 1974 became the first Thai journalist in recent times to
openly travel to Vietnam and to report about his experience.
Pansak was released on a large bond only after his arrest
attracted widespread international attention. Khaisaeng
Suksai, an elected Socialist Member of Parliament who less
than two years ago led a Parliamentary delegation to Viet-
nam, fled into exile in Laos even before October 6 after his
party's Secretary General was gunned down in Bangkok.
Since the coup. he is said to have joined the resistance and to
be one of the leaders of a government in exile now forming.
Even before October 6, American attempts to counter a
rapprochement between Bangkok and Hanoi so upset one
Thai Foreign Ministry spokesman (who has since lost his job)
that he remarked: "When a big power does it. you call it
detente: when we do it. you call it defeatism ... We have liv-
ed with the Vietnamese more than 400 years. We know
perfectly well their mentality. Why can't you (Americans)
allow us to live in peace for five years. Then we can show you
that we can be a neutral country, or at least play a part in
neutralizing the region for the benefit of every superpower."
In May 1975 a Bangkok English-language magazine.
Business in Thailand, ran an article describing the Viet-
namese as "an aggressive, acquisitive, bellicose and
xenophobic race imbued with delusions of superiority and a
Messianic sense of manifest destiny. It can be safely conclud-
ed that the Vietnamese have not lost the will, the appetite.
nor the determination for conquest ..." The article was in-
spired - like a similar one in Bangkok's major English-
language daily. the Bangkok Post - by an American army
study ("External Support to the Thai insurgency: the 35th
PL 95th NVA Combined Command") which quietly - and
anonymously - surfaced during the final throes of fighting
in Cambodia and Vietnam. The study. which was also cir-
culated among Thai officials, purported a Vietnamese
master plan to bring the Western bank of the Mekong, and
indeed the entire lower Mekong watershed, under Hanoi's
political and economic suzerainty.
Certainly Vietnam emerges from the second Indochina
War with unprecedented prestige and strength. Thailand. on
the other hand. finds itself wedded to the United States in a
downgraded anti-communist alliance, and domestically rack-
ed with social upheaval the dimensions of which remain un-
certain. Still, there is little or nothing to support the allega-
tion that Vietnam has territorial or political designs on
Thailand, that the Thai Communist Party would cooperate
with such designs should they exist. or that the Thai Com-
munist Party or any other political group could coopt
Thailand's present revolutionary tendencies toward such an
end.
Given the political, military and economic realities which
pertain, the Mekong River as a new Southeast Asian Maginot
Line is folly, regardless of whether one stands on the West
Bank or the East bank: to so conceive it is only to serve
"bellicose and xenophobic" prophecies like the Acheson
assumption.
The Vietnamese appear to have grasped this far better
than the Americans. On the war's end, while the United
States was busy with the Mayaguez incident and other
maneuvers which intentionally or otherwise frustrated Thai
efforts at ostpolitik, Vietnam sent two high-level delegations
(one led by the deputy foreign minister) to Bangkok, the first
dispatched anywhere in the world once the fighting had
stopped.
Unfortunately, failure in Indochina appears to have taught
theUnited States more about the erosion of its own political
institutions under the weight of superpower than about the
myopic and negative way it has played the superpower role.
In fiscal year 1975 alone American military assistance to
Thailand ($42.5 million) was roughly equivalent to the total
1957-75 American assistance to the Mekong Committee ($45.6
million). In 1976, American military assistance budget for
Thailand was nearly doubled (to $81.75 million), while as
mentioned earlier, that of the Mekong Committee's was cut
entirely.
An argument can be made for destructiveness for its own
sake, but international relations of that type have no place in
the repertoire of a leading global power if we are all to es-
cape the apocalyptic tendencies of our century. The point
remains that if there are to be constructive relations in the
Mekong Basin the valencies of the Basin must be promoted.
The limitations of American power acknowledged, the
United States is in a position to assist with the task.
January 1977 "' The Asia 'Mail 21
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 Bulletin Board
THE NORTHEAST
"Masterworks in Wood: China and Japan", the winter exhibition at the Asia House
Gallery, 112 East 64th St New York. will be shown January 13 to March 27. Seventy-one
works of sculpture and decorative art from 26 museums and private collections in America
and England will show the great mastery which was exercised in this medium from the fifth
century B C.. in China to the nineteenth century in Japan. Gallery hours are daily. 10 a.m
to 5 p.m.: Sundays, l to 5 p.m Thursdays until 8:30 p.m
A ten-film retrospective of the work of Tatsuya Nakadai, Japanese film actor. continues
through January 14 at the Japan House His films include ' When a Woman Ascends the
Stairs" and "Yojimbo" Admission is $2 for members and $3 for non-members For further
information, contact the Japan Society. 333 East 47th St.. New York. NY 10017.
The Yoki Yamada Retrospective, a series of eleven films, will begin January 19 at the
Japan House. Director Yamada will be present for opening festivities For further infor-
mation, contact the Japan Society
Chartering for International Shipment, a three-day course based on the Evening School of
the World Trade Center, will be held in New York on January 26-28. 1977 The working-
course will offer students information on charter problems negotiations. and necessary
preparations to chartering from the viewpoint of the shipowner the broker and the
charterer For further information about the program, which is limited to 30 persons. call
Eunice Coleman, Program Manager at 1212) 466-3170.
Yoga Study Tour, an accredited program sponsored by Queens College ('I, NY. will
emphazise the study of Yoga philosophy during a three-week tour of India The tour, led by
Professor Ananad Mohan. will leave New York on January 14. 1977 For further infor-
mation Destination World Ltd . at 12125 371-0600
"Chinese Folk Art" includes over 50 examples of basketry. clothing. pewter. leather
goods. and jewelry dating from the early 15th to the early 20th century. The exhibit may be
".Japanese Early Blue and White Export Ware" is on exhibit at the 1tetropu?tan slme.un
of Art. New York, through June 1977 lncloded are about 50 pieces 14 the tope nt 17th ( en
turv porcelain shipped to Holland and remaining Europe bt the Dut -ti East India Company
Brushwork of Ch'ing Masters. 30 paintings and examples of c.'lligraphr b, tho s vi' artist
acute during the t'hing dynasty 116441911,. may be viewed at the (-hung l'heng Art
Gallery. St Johns t niversity. Jamaica. NY until January 9 1977
"Hashimoto Kites", in exhibition, will be at the Gilbert tiler Gallo, 1921 Prair st St
Philadelphia. Mondays until Saturdays. 10 a in lc 5 p at . through January 15
WASHINGTON AND THE SOUTHEAST
Gallery Amerasia formerly Gallery Asial, a cultural center of fine arts. holds continoous
exhibits at the Amerasta (enter 2142 F St NW. Washington. D(' from 10 a in to .5 p in Monday thru Friday. and from 2 to 5 p in . Saturday and Sunday For information regarding
classes. showings or 'vents, call 1202) 331-0129 Timothy Chang show a Chinese watercolor
exhibition. continues thru January 12 Helene Mr('arthv. Oriental watercolors. and Peggy
Zee. silks, reens. will exhibit their works January 15 to February 6
Jain Minature Paintings: ,t New Interpretation, an illustrated lecture by Or Stella
Kramrisch Curator of Indian and Himalayan Art at the Philadelphia Museum of Art and
Professor of South Asian Art at the Institute of Fine Arts.. New York t'niversity. will be
held Tuesday January 11. 1977 at 830 p.m in the gallery auditorium of the Smithsonian
Institutions Freer Gallery of Art 12th St and Jefferson Dr. SE Washington l)(
The National Bonsai Collection, fifty-three bonsai including plants from the imperial
Japanese Household and Japanese private collections are presented by the Japanese people
through the Nippon Bonsai Association in honor on the Bicentennial. They may he seen at
the National Arboretum 24th and H St NW. Washington DC daily from 10 to 230.
Not all...
diplomats, hitch-hikers, ministers,
secretaries, figureheads, jewel thieves,
journalists, bureaucrats, traders, ex-
patriates, scholars, shoguns, brokers,
socialists, concubines, cadres, bankers,
satraps, barefoot doctors, vagabonds,
swagmen and CPA's wear THE ASIA
MAIL T-shirt.
...but they should.
Exclusive first edition of THE ASIA MAIL T-shirt will be available in
three enthralling colors: South Pacific Blue, The East Is Red, and
The Green Revolution, with THE ASIA MAIL in black letters.
Small, medium, large, extra large. And washable. A mere six bucks.
THE ASIA MAIL P.O. Box 1044 Alexandria, Virginia 22313
I've always been a discriminating trendsetter. Send me THE ASIA
MAIL T-shirt post haste. I enclose $6.00 for each order. (502 each for
shipping. Order of five or more gets a free shirt.)
Small Medium Large Extra Large
Color(s)
Name
Address
City State Zip
The 161h Annual 'its 7a,g of Joe ioulhrast Regional I orn, iroie of the Association for
Asian Stodie, w ' ' : . , t Id a Its I curls t Of i e s , 1 : : , I i ays, irN 2(F2z 1977
i'anei swns a, Sod ;led Jot ride, a in and p m a run r, 21 ioil i it Saturda, it X.
Januar, 22
"International 'shipping ein.nciai and tax Aspe,t a two-day meet.ng for ,kippers
,hart' ors- carry', and la, and urcm tai exe, uU,es wJl be held it the International House
in New S trlear, 1:,:1ui,, 2" rood 2f
"Introduction to international Taxation,-" a seminar fns attorneys. ( P.AS and corporate
execuh,es in man, 'iii t,ona! i'ees will meet Januan 24 ar:d 25 in NewrBrleam The
program is designed pp 'ifira!ls tor'ho:se entering the taxation field who have had little or
no prior exposure to t
"Fundamentals of Foreign Exchange," a seminar designed to answer questions of
floating exchange rates so-m' energy prices yolatiie prices of gold tax uncertainties and
other problems is scheduled 6,r larnaiv. 26 and 27 in New Orleans
'Foreign Inxesunem in C.S Real Estate" is a seminar for owners broker, real estate
protI ft, managers- c-orpon[e real estate managers. real estate law'sers, accountants and
other professionals concerned over the question of 1 S real estate marketers seeking
foreign investors It will be held January 27 and 26 in New Orleans
These programs are Bing xporsored b, The World bade institute at the Rurld grade
Center in New fork to Cooperation with Inernational House R orld Trade t enternn New
Orleans Further information rnav be obtained from the program manager in New 'sork at
2121 461,3165 Registration max he made by calling the registrar at 212, 466-4044 or by
writing Registrar World Trade Inst:hrte. One World Trade tenter. 55W New York. Vi'
10(143
THE MIDWEST
"Visions of ( ourtlx India". 80 Indian miniatures dating tram 1650 to 1850 from the
Punjah Hills states have been sele(ted be Rilliam G archer from his own collection to be
shown at the St Louis Art .Museum Des-em ber 10 to January 16
"The Future of Taiwan-. one in it series of sen' oars sponsored he The World Affairs
oun'd of Northern (ahforma. will be presented on Januar; 10 at the Stir r id'Affairs Coun
cil 406 Softer St . San Francisco (' A ' ph 982-25411 Another emmar ( rots Benefits and
,Avenues to Normalized Relations- will be presented on January 24 The eries which is
limited to 2530 persons will formulate it program of recommendations an the question of
normalizing relations with the Peoples Republic of t 'hina
"The Last Empire: Pfrtoriai Photographs of India." an exhihit organized be the Asia
House Hillery. may be seen until Januur, 16 at rite I nn ersit 'l oseom I niversity of
Calitornia. Berkeley. ('4
Chinese Jades from Southern California Collections. 60 examples of Chinese jade dating
hack from Neolithic times to the 20th century are on exhibit at the I.os ;ngeles County
Museum of Art through I'ehruarc 6. 1977
The International Institute of Protein Food Teehnologc will present two short courses on
"Textured Vegetable Proteins and Extrusion Technology April 4 to April 29 and May 2 to
'slay 25 1977 The fee for each course is $970. which includes tuition, room and board For
further information- contact Director of Training. I PVT P O Box 630. Santa Monica CA
90404
"The Art of Tosnkuni", paintings h, Japanc ukiyo-e artist will be on exhibit December
7 until January y at the Spalding (louse Hrosofulu aeademr of Arts
"Ancient Funerary Art", an exhibit of tomb furnishings and funerv objects from china.
Japan. Southeast Asia. and the Near East continues through February 20 at the Spalding
House. Honolulu Academy of Arts
Ukivo-e Art from the Permanent Collection may be clewed at the Art Gallery of Greater
Victoria. British Columbia December 14 to February 27.
Warrior
(Continued from Page 18)
of me so straight. each carrying a basket or a hoe not to over-
burden me, their tears falling privately ..." Too often,
however, she forgets the vital dictum that "less is more,"
playing with words to the point of absurdity and inflating an
image until it practically pops:
"Her forehead and knees against the earth, her body con-
vulsed and then released her onto her back."
(Question - are "her body" and "her" separated in this
situation? Can one release the other onto "her back"?)
"The round moon cakes and round doorways, the round
tables of graduated size that fit one roundness inside
another, round windows and rice bowls ... The villagers
were speeding up the circle of events ... This roundness had
to be made coin-sized so that she would see its circumference
... People who refused fatalism because they could invent
small resources insisted on culpability .. .
Whatever that means. When Kingston grows erudite she
writes kitsch - it's as simple as that. Her habit is to
manipulate a reader's impression by carefully interjecting a
generality, abstraction. or value judgement into a specific
gesture. "My aunt combed individuality into her bob, her
body and her complexity seemd to disappear." "Brothers
and sisters had to efface their sexual color," and positively
the worst - "Concrete pours out of my mouth to cover the
forests with freeways and sidewalks."
By far Kingston's biggest mistake is that she devotes so
much time to the story of her nameless aunt and the aveng-
ing warrior, only to drop them in the remaining narrative
like hot potatoes. And though we can infer that the mere
reporting of these two spirits is, as the author states, suf-
ficient "vengeance - not the beheading, not the gutting, but
the words," we are still left with the hollow feeling that both
Mu Lan and No Name Woman were sacrificed for the com-
pany of lesser ghosts.
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
 R. Lurie. Check the bottom of the page (upside down)
for the answers. Twelve-for-twelve means you are a
genuine Asian Affairs Expert. If you get 10 or 11 cor-
rect, you're still qualified to be an Ambassador
Without Portfolio. Nine correct means you have to
start out as Third Secretary at our Embassy in
Kathmandu. Nepal. Eight correct means you're eligi-
The Last fiord: Faces of Asia
`I'll Never Forget Old `What's-His-Name?' "
If you're as great an authority on Asian affairs as you
think you are, you ought to be able to score 100 per
cent on this test of providing the names that go with
these well-known faces. All have been prominent at
one time or another on the Asian political scene. To
make the drill a little more difficult we've given you
the faces as they strike the imagination of artist Ranan
5 .........................
10 .........................
ble to be hired as a stringer in our Tokyo bureau. If you
can identify seven of the faces and can also speak and
write Burmese, you have a chance at the USIA Direc-
tor's job in Madrid. Anything less than seven, kid, and
you lose your membership in the Association of Asian
Studies.
3 ................ .....
7 .........................
8 .........................
12 .........................
?e3a0N g1iON JO Juns-II w!NI
S
?weula!A JO ~uoQ uuA wegd aalwaid ?1'
?elpoqule3 jo uugdweS nalq}I
?uedep 1o ejuuuj Ian)eN ia1siuiK mud .iawjo3 ?g
?sawd
?soe,l Jo aalwaid .iawaol `ewnogd euennOS aaulad ?y
-dlllgd aql jo soaaeN ?:q pueulpiaj luapisaad
?9
?ejue-l !IS JO aIleueiepueg aatsluip awlad ?1
?eipogwe3 Io ION uo'] 1uaplsaad aaw.noA ?Zl
?eulgd
to 2uid-oelsH 2uaZ Jalwaad ~flndaU iawaoA ?J
uej-e140 uaA luaplsaid euig0 1s11euolllN '0I
?uewlalA g1aoN to dui0 uaSnJN OA ?uaD ?6
January 1977 The Asia Mail
?eipogwej jo KnouegiS wopoaoN aaulad ?g
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
:11VISV 30 SIOVd,, 01 S11:4MSNV
 Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1
Benihana. For the fun of it.
Giving people a good time is serious busi-
ness at Benihana. Which is why our chefs never
smile until you're satisfied.
From your front row seat at the famed
hibachi table, you thrill to drama, suspense, in-
credible sleight-of-hand as your personal chef
turns prime steak, succulent shrimp and tender
chicken into theatre. There's comedy as the
mushrooms fly. High humor as those bean
sprouts dance. One bite and you're in heaven.
What other restaurant gives you a show
you can enjoy almost as much as the meal it-
self? Visit Benihana soon, for lunch or dinner.
For the fun of it.
BE111KAnA of TOKYO
New York, Chicago, Lincolnshire, (1l., San Francisco, Las Vegas, Encino, Manna del Rey Beverly Hills, Phoenix, Ariz., Seattle, Harrisburg, Pa., Bala Cynwyd, Pa ,
Ft. Lauderdale, Miami, Portland, Ore, Boston, Bethesda, Md., Houston, Dallas, Atlanta, Farmington, Conn., Short Hills, N. J., New Orleans, Honolulu, Toronto, Tokyo
We honor the American Express, Diners Club and Carte Blanche credit cards
Approved For Release 2004/10/28 : CIA-RDP88-01314R000100010076-1