SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRESPECTIVES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88-00733R000100150004-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2012
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: November 12, 1986
• Content Type: REPORT

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For Official Use Only
12 November 1986
Vol. 1, No. 12
Science and
Technology
Perspectives
Drilling Platform (PRC) China has produced its first offshore oil production platform.
Designed by the Shanghai Offshore Engineering Corporation to meet
international technical standards and built by the Dalian Shipyard, the steel
platform can produce 4,000 barrels of crude oil and 40,000 cubic meters of
natural gas a day. The platform sits astride 23 oil wells sunk 1,680 meters into
the bed of Beibu Bay in the South China Sea. It will be operated by the
Chengbei Oil Development Corporation of Japan and will begin production
this month. (Beijing CHINA DAILY 22 Sep 86
..... Continued on Page 1
AUSTRIA: "Hyperchip" Development Using Ion Beam Lithography ................................................ Page 4
An ion beam lithography machine has produced "hyperchips" with microstructures 0.1 microns in
width. Eureka is currently funding preproduction studies of the equipment.
USSR: Experiment in Support of Long-Duration Spaceflight .............................................................. Page 7
A one-year hypokinesia (restricted physical activity) experiment is in progress to obtain further
medical data on human reaction to long-duration spaceflight.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA/USSR: CEMA Factory Automation ................................................................ Page 9
ROBOT, a joint Czech-Soviet organization for robotics R&D, will be a focal point of CEMA factory
automation efforts.
ISRAEL: Solid State Technology Facility .............................................................................................. Page 10
Israel has established a solid state electronics facility at the Leshem Institute.
JAPAN: New Multibiosensor .................................................................................................................. Page 11
JAPAN: Laser-Enriched Uranium .......................................................................................................... Page 13
DATA BASE SURVEYS ............................................................................................................................ Page 14
PREVIEWS ................................................................................................................................................ Page 15
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PERSPECTIVES selections are based solely on foreign press,
books and journals, or radio and television broadcasts. Some
of the materials used in this publication will appear as
abstracts or translations in FBIS serial reports. Comments
and queries regarding this publication may be directed to the
Center Chief, to individuals at the numbers listed with terns,
or to the Science and Technology Center at
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DEVELOPMENTS highlights worldwide S&T events reported in the foreign media. Items
followed by an asterisk will be published by FBIS. The contributor's name and telephone number
are provided.
(France) A decline in sales of the Airbus A-300 and A-310 will force
Aerospatiale to lay off 17 percent of its 42,000 employees. The company
plans to use high severance pay bonuses to induce "voluntary departures."
(Paris LE MONDE 10 Oct 86)* Eva L. X2519 [For previous coverage on the
possible impact of declining Airbus sales on the French aerospace industry,
see SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PERSPECTIVES Vol. 1, No. 10 pp 3-
1990. (Paris AIR & COSMOS 18 Oct 86)
(France) The maiden flight of the Airbus A-320 is scheduled for the end of
February 1987, somewhat earlier than planned. The first aircraft is
undergoing preflight testing. Airbus Industrie expects production to increase
from two aircraft a month in late 1987-early 1988 to eight aircraft a month by
4.]
Antidumping Measures (EC/Japan) The EC, fearing an influx of Japanese memory components in the
wake of a US-Japan antidumping accord, is preparing similar antidumping
measures aimed primarily at. those Japanese EPROM and DRAM
manufacturers who sell their products in Europe at prices far below cost. On
27 October the EC formally challenged the US-Japan accord at the GATT,
claiming that the accord violated GATT's antidumping code and that it will
lead to Europe's exclusion from the world semiconductor market. (Paris
ELECTRONIQUE ACTUALITES 5 Sep 86; Frankfurt/Main FINANCIAL
TIMES 28 Oct 86)
Biotechnology (Brazil) During BIOTECNICA 86, a recent biotechnology fair in Belo
Horizonte, the firm Embrabio (Brazilian Biotechnology Company) exhibited
a method for rapidly improving the genetic quality of livestock through a
system of hyperovulation, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer. The
company Bioplanta (Plant Technology Ltd.) demonstrated the inoculation of
plants with phosphate-absorbing fungi to enhance phosphate absorption in
depleted soil. Brazil reportedly will allocate $100 million for a three-year
(1987-89) biotechnology program that will create biotechnology centers in
Rio Grande do Sul, Parana, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Planalto Central.
Several state governments are also allocating funds for biotechnology
research. (Rio de Janeiro JORNAL DO BRASIL 17, 19 Sep 86)*
(Yugoslavia) On 12 September the Jozef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana opened
a new facility for molecular biology and biotechnology. The facility was
established by the Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology in
cooperation with the Boris Kidric Chemical Institute. Its program calls for
research in the fields of molecular biology, protein biochemistry,
biotechnology, biosynthesis, immunology, bioactive materials, genetic
engineeriand computer science. (Pristina JEDINSTVO
13 Sep 86
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Fifth-Generation
Computer
Information Sharing
86)* Antwerp Unit)
(France/Japan) An agreement reached by France's INRIA (National Institute
for Research in Information Technology and Automation) and Japan's ICOT
(Institute for New Generation Computer Technology) during a Tokyo
meeting in early October will result in greater cooperation toward
development of a fifth-generation computer. Programming languages,
machine architectures, and means of machine-man communication through
voice and image were discussed. Researchers from the two bodies will meet
again next year. The quality of French AI software is given credit for spurring
Japanese interest in the joint program. (Paris AFP-AGRA Data Base 9 Oct
technology. (Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS 1 Oct 86)*
(Brazil/Portugal) A memorandum of understanding was signed on 30
September between Brazil and Portugal to increase the exchange of technical
and scientific information. The signatories plan to facilitate this exchange
through the establishment of an electronic mail system. The memorandum
also provides for joint projects in the areas of biotechnology and information
Metallurgy (USSR) High-quality steel is being produced from iron ore without blast
furnaces in a process developed at the Chemico-Metallurgical Institute of the
Kazakh SSR National Academy of Sciences. The new method is an
improvement on the advanced direct conversion technology used at the
Oskolsk Electrometallurgical Combine. With the new process, the Combine
uses iron ore in the form of pellets and agglomerate to produce steel. The
technique also permits the use of iron ore concentrate in raw form, thus
increasing reactive surfaces and hastening chemical reactions. The
byproducts are pure steam and iron. The resulting high-quality steel has
possible applications in machine, instrument, and aircraft parts manufacture.
The report does not provide further details on the process. (Moscow
SOTSIALISTICHESKAYA INDUSTRIYA 28 Sep 86; Moscow MOSCOW
NEWS, No 26, 6-13 Jul 86)*
(USSR) The effect of plasma formation (heating gas with a laser) on plating is
being studied at the A. Baykov Institute of Metallurgy at the USSR Academy
of Sciences. In the experiment, a metal plate is placed in a steel chamber
capable of withstanding pressures of up to 200 atmospheres. The chamber is
filled with a gas (nitrogen, methane, or carbonic acid) and sealed. A laser
beam heats the gas to 20,000?C. At this temperature the gas reacts with the
metal plate to form metal nitride or carbide, depending on the gas used. The
resulting metal has applications in the production of drilling rig rings,
surgical instruments, and parts for agricultural machinery. (Moscow
MOSCOW NEWS, No 26, 6-13 Jul 86)*
Nuclear Technology
Transfer
(Helsinki Domestic Service 9 Oct 861
(Finland/USSR) The USSR wants to purchase a nuclear power plant
simulator from the Finnish manufacturers Imatran Voima and Nokia. Soviet
interest was sparked by the companies' development of a highly automated
simulator for technical training at the Soviet-built Loviisa nuclear power
plant near Helsinki. The Soviets are also interested in having Finnish
scientists conduct safety surveys at nuclear power plants near Leningrad.
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Patent Bank (Brazil) The recently created Technological Information Availability Center
(Profint) is providing copies of international patents to subscribing Brazilian
firms from a patent bank containing some 18 million entries. These firms are
free to copy products and processes without paying royalties or fearing
penalties because Brazil only recognizes the validity of patents registered in
that country. Brazil itself reportedly will issue 75,000 patents this year. (Sao
Paulo 0 ESTADO DE SAO PAULO 29 Aug 86)
R&D Financing (Argentina) Early in 1986 Argentina's leading banks signed an agreement,
dubbed ARGENTEC, to provide loans at favorable rates to domestic
scientific and technological firms for research and development, import and
assimilate foreign know-how, and export of indigenous technology. The
banks involved are the Banco de la Nacion Argentina, Banco Nacional de
Desarrollo, Banco de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Banco de la Provincia de
Cordoba, and Banco de Mendoza. (Buenos Aires BOLETIN DE LA
SECRETARIA DE CIENCIA Y TECNICA March 1986)
RACE Phase II (EC) Following the successful definition phase of the RACE (R&D in
Advanced Communications Technologies for Europe) program, the EC
Commission has recommended that member countries contribute 800
million ECU to finance the program's second phase, which will run from
1987 to 1991. This phase will focus on the development of common
standards and new, cost-effective technologies for broadband
communications. The program's continuation, however, may be hampered
by the EC's current inability to adopt an overall research program and by the
reluctance of some EC countries to share their technological skills. (Paris LE
MONDE 21 Oct 86) Antwerp Uni
Antwerp Unit
(Czechoslovakia) The 1985 robotics automation plan to manufacture 3,108
robots and 1,505 automated workstations has been exceeded with the
production of 4,174 robots and 1,565 workstations. The Czechs continue to
face high manufacturing costs, spare parts shortages, and installation
problems. (Paris MONITEUR DE COMMERCE-ISIS Data Base 2 Jun 86)*
Scientific Cooperation (Italy/Poland) Italian and Polish representatives to the Bilateral Scientific
and Technological Cooperation Commission in Warsaw have signed a
cooperation protocol in the areas of physics, electronics, chemistry,
biochemistry, and telecommunications. The protocol covers the period 1986-
88 and includes a series of projects ility studies have been
completed. (Rome ANSA 12 Sep 86)
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AUSTRIA: "HYPERCHIP" DEVELOPMENT USING
ION BEAM LITHOGRAPHY
Key Points: Scientists at Austria's IMS (Ion Microfabrication Systems) have developed an ion
beam lithography machine that projects ion beams onto a wafer to produce patterns with sharp,
clearly defined edges. The technique represents a major step in the integration and
miniaturization of semiconductors.
"Hyperchips" have been experimentally produced using an ion beam lithography machine
developed by Drs. Gerhard Stengl and Hans Loeschner at IMS, according to VDI NACHRICHTEN of
25 July. Hyperchips are highly integrated, miniaturized semiconductors able to perform the high-speed
calculations required for the development of next-generation computers. Although current electron-
beam and X-ray lithography techniques have reduced microstructure line widths to about 1 micron
(Mitsubishi claims to have developed a prototype chip with a 0.3-micron pattern using X-ray
lithography technology. See SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PERSPECTIVES Vol. 1, No. 8 pp 6-8.),
the IMS equipment has produced hyperchips with line widths of "just under 0.1 microns," according to
Loeschner. IMS calculations indicate that .01-to-.02-micron line widths are possible.
The process is based on a so-called "duo-plasmatron" developed by IMS (but not further described)
and a special lens system. This equipment accelerates and focuses ion beams so that extremely fine and
densely packed microstructure patterns are literally "pounded out" of a wafer surface.
The first step in the process is the creation of a plasma by ionizing helium or hydrogen in a vacuum
generated by the duo-plasmatron. By means of an electrical high-tension field, ions are drawn out of the
plasma in the form of beams. The beams are then accelerated by an immersion lens through a mask
containing a tenfold enlargement of the wafer pattern. In the next phase the ion beams are aligned and
shot through a system of projector lenses onto a two-square-millimeter wafer surface. Acceleration and
focusing resolve the ions into units akin to the individual dots or picture elements on a photographic
print. In the IMS process, the impact of 1,000 ions forms one picture element.
Hyperchip showing line width of 0.2
microns. IMS claims a 0.1-micron
capability.
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The IMS process is reportedly a major advance in the production of wafer patterns with sharp,
clearly defined edges. In conventional processes, the lines created by a mask often have fuzzy edges
which merge into one another. This has required broader spaces between lines and a limited number of
microstructures on a wafer surface. The IMS process, however, allows increased microstructure density,
thereby boosting the level of semiconductor integration and miniaturization.
IMS also claims to have overcome problems inherent in conventional optical systems. Its special
series of projector lenses can be "artificially improved," according to IMS, to produce the optical quality
needed to focus the ion beams. Inaccuracies in depth of field resulting from adjusting distances between
the projector lenses and the wafer are eliminated because the paraxial trajectory of the ion beams allows
greater tolerances than in conventional systems.
IMS photo of its ion beam lithography machine.
IMS hopes to sell its DM2.5 million invention to the semiconductor industry. A possible
application is in high-speed computing for machine image and speech recognition systems. Eureka is
providing IMS, the Technical University of Vienna, Siemens, and the Fraunhofer Institute in Berlin
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with Fr34.5 million over the next three to five years to prepare the ion beam lithography machine for
cost-effective pilot and series production, according to the Eureka Secretariat in Paris. The machine is
tentatively scheduled for commercial use by the early 1990s.
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USSR: EXPERIMENT IN SUPPORT OF LONG-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT
Key Points: A hypokinesia experiment involving long periods of bed rest and restricted physical
activity is currently under way at the Biomedical Problems Institute in Moscow. The goal of the
one-year study-the longest and most elaborate in a series of such experiments-is to obtain
precise data on physiological effects associated with spaceflight. Findings produced by the study
will support the recently reaffirmed Soviet goal of extending the duration of cosmonaut missions.
The Soviet manned space program has successfully performed a number of long-duration missions,
including a 237-day flight in 1984-the longest single mission to date. With the completion of the latest
125-day flight in July of this year cosmonaut Leonid Kizim became the first person to have spent a total
of over one year in orbit. Ten Soviet cosmonauts have now logged over 200 days in space. Of these, four
have spent over 300 days in orbit:
Cosmonaut
Number
of Flights
Flight
Durations (days)
Cumulative
Days in Orbit
L. D. Kizim
3
13+237+ 125
375
V. V. Ryumin
3
2+ 175 + 185
362
V. A. Solovyev
2
237 + 125
362
V. A. Lyakhov
2
175+ 150
325
As mission durations increase and new mission profiles such as manned interplanetary flights are
considered, questions of the medical effects of weightlessness and readaptation to gravity conditions
become more acute. One element of the Soviet biomedical support program has involved hypokinesia
studies with volunteer experimental subjects. Hypokinesia is known to. produce physiological effects
similar to those which occur in spaceflight. These include muscle atrophy, changes in cardiovascular
function, and demineralization of bone tissue. The first experimental studies in this area began more
than 20 years ago in the USSR and other countries. A six-month hypokinesia study was carried out
about 10 years ago in the Soviet Union. In 1984 the Soviet press described a four-month study involving
15 experimental subjects (See JPRS-USP-84-004, pp 80-81).
A feature article in the 26 September issue of IZVESTIYA and several earlier press accounts
published in August (KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA, 10 August, and SOTSIALISTICHESKAYA
INDUSTRIYA, 20 August) describe a hypokinesia study currently under way at the USSR Ministry of
Health's Biomedical Problems Institute in Moscow. The experiment began in April 1986 and is
scheduled to continue for an entire year. This project is said to be the largest scale study of this type ever
undertaken, not only in terms of duration, but also with regard to the scope of the research program and
the amount of technical equipment involved. In addition to the Biomedical Problems Institute, research
support is being provided by the All-Union Cardiological Center,the Central Scientific Research
Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, the Scientific Research Institute of Medical Radiology, and
other facilities.
Ten volunteer subjects have been following a strict bed rest regimen with the head inclined at an
angle five degrees lower than the feet. The lower position of the head creates a redistribution of blood
toward the upper part of the body similar to that which occurs in weightlessness. The subjects are
divided into two groups of five. For the first four months of the study one group simply followed the bed
rest routine with no use of exercise or other countermeasures. The second group has employed a number
of countermeasures from the start of the experiment. These include drugs, vitamins, and two hours of
exercise every day, the same exercise schedule followed by cosmonauts on the Salyut station. The
subjects use the same type of equipment employed in orbital flights. A bicycle-ergometer and stationary
running track have been adapted with counterweight systems so that they can be used while maintaining
a horizontal position.
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Dr. A. I. Grigoryev, first deputy director of the Biomedical Problems Institute and the scientific
director of the current study, has reportedly been involved in medical support for the Soviet space
program for many years. According to Grigoryev, the regimen of two hours of physical exercise
performed every day by cosmonauts during orbital flight has proven to be effective against
cardiovascular and motor-support system deterioration. However, the routine is inconvenient and
requires major expenditures of time which could be more profitably spent in other activities. One aim of
the present study is to find effective but less time-consuming techniques for achieving the same result.
The 10 subjects are being monitored and tested regularly using precision techniques which would be
impossible to use in orbital flight. Examination methods include computer tomography and detailed
biochemical testing and analysis of hormonal balance. The subjects are transported periodically by
ambulance to the Cardiological Center for special examinations. Except for a few specific references the
initial press accounts do not discuss experimental results of the study. According to one commentary,
centrifuge experiments have shown that after 100 days of the hypokinesia regimen the experimental
subjects could withstand g-loads as well as they did after the first two to three weeks of the experiment.
In answer to a question on the issue of calcium loss, Dr Grigoryev states that the subjects are losing
about five grams of calcium per month.
A follow-up article in the 5 October KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA provides some additional
details at the halfway point of the experiment. According to this account, some modifications have been
introduced into the standard program of physical exercise. The test subjects log about five kilometers on
the stationary running track and about ten kilometers on the bicycle-ergometer every day-the same
amounts as cosmonauts in orbit-but they exercise with "greater intensity." In addition, they perform a
special set of exercises (not described) to prepare them for high physical loads. At the four-month and
eight-month points in the experiment special centrifuge tests are conducted to simulate a landing on
Earth. Tests of physical work capacity and ability to maintain a vertical posture are also performed.
Commenting on the findings obtained at the midpoint of the study, Grigoryev states that the new
exercise regimen seems to hold promise for prevention of changes in the cardiovascular and metabolic
systems. He also states that the drugs used in the study have been successful in combating changes in
calcium metabolism.
Notably absent in the accounts of the experiment is any reference to a specific psychological support
program for the subjects. Except for one telephone call per week no personal contact with family
members is permitted during the experiment. Apart from the scheduled medical tests the 10 subjects are
apparently left to spend their time as they wish-reading, studying, watching television, or conversing.
The press commentaries refer only briefly to some difficulties of adjustment and personal conflicts
among the subjects at the start of the experiment. Coincidentally, the 8 August issue of SOVETSKAYA
ROSSIYA published excerpts from the diary of a participant in a similar type of experiment conducted
by the Biomedical Problems Institute in 1967-68. This early experiment was a study of a closed
environment life-support system rather than a hypokinesia experiment. However, the experiment
required that three volunteer subjects spend a full year confined to two small experimental chambers.
The published diary excerpts are noteworthy for their frank references to the psychological stress
associated with living in the confined quarters and the deterioration in personal relationships which
took place among the three individuals.
Recent Soviet statements at the 37th Congress of the International Astronautical Federation in
Innsbruck reveal that extending the duration of manned space missions remains a prime objective of the
Soviet program. The 11 October issue of the French journal AIR & COSMOS reports a statement at the
congress by V. Ryumin, Soviet cosmonaut and flight controller, to the effect that the next cosmonaut
manning of the Mir station will take place at the beginning of 1987 and is scheduled to last 10 months.
Ryumin added that if there are no adverse effects on the cosmonauts after that period in orbit, still
longer flights will be undertaken.
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CZECHOSLOVAKIA/USSR: CEMA FACTORY AUTOMATION
Key Points: Czechoslovakia and the USSR have placed new emphasis on ROBOT, an R&D
organization tasked with the modernization of Czech and Soviet machining plants through
innovative robot technology. More than a bilateral venture, ROBOT reportedly will play a major
part in the CEMA plan to develop an integrated factory automation system.
Established in 1980, ROBOT encountered early financial setbacks resulting from an overly
ambitious and poorly defined R&D program. However, with the intensified drive to improve CEMA
industrial technology and production, Prague and Moscow have now moved to revitalize the
organization through increased funds and staff. ROBOT, which is located at the Presov Pedagogical
Faculty, is expected to have a staff of 170 (including 55 Soviet specialists) by the end of the year,
according to the Bratislava daily PRAVDA of 19 September. Yevgeniy Kanayev, previously a
department head at the Experimental Scientific Research Institute for Metalcutting in Moscow, will
have a four-year term as deputy director general of ROBOT.
The organization is currently working on a streamlined R&D program that includes a flexible
system for machining crankshafts, a combination system based on the SRT-32 lathe and the UM-160
robot, and a combination system based on the SN-400-1 foundry machine and the MRL-10 robot.
ROBOT's top managers dismiss the notion of robots being able to do "anything and everything" as a
myth propagated by the West, the PRAVDA article reported. They stated that the organization will
emphasize an integrated approach in which equal importance is given robot, machine tool, automatic
conveyor, and computer R&D.
Beyond its bilateral functions, ROBOT will operate within the broader CEMA organization
INTERROBOT, which, according to the East Berlin journal AUSSENWIRTSCHAFT, coordinates
CEMA robotics R&D and devises new technical concepts for industrial robot development. For
example, as part of INTERROBOT's diversified efforts, the USSR will concentrate on the development
of robots for metalworking and foundry work, Bulgaria on robots for application of coatings and for
machine building and electronics assembly, and Poland on robots for welding. Czech R&D will focus on
further development of robots for die casting and assembly.
Moreover, ROBOT will have a somewhat autonomous status in INTERROBOT that will allow
Czechoslovakia to assign R&D work to other INTERROBOT members. As a result, INTERROBOT
may be requested to conduct supporting research on Czech flexible manufacturing systems, machine
tool centers, and robotized work stations.
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ISRAEL: SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY FACILITY
Key Points: Israel has opened its first solid state electronics facility. Its laboratories and clean
rooms reportedly will enable the Israelis to conduct advanced R&D on weapons and support
systems.
The Israeli Armaments Development Authority (RAFAEL) has opened the country's first solid state
electronics facility at the Leshem Industrial Institute in the Galilee. Although the Israeli Government
has not publicized the opening, the Tel Aviv daily HA'ARETZ of 10 October claims that this facility
puts Israel on a par with advanced industrial countries in its capability to develop sophisticated
components for missile systems, night vision equipment, and electro-optical and electronic devices.
Designed with the help of US solid state electronics firms, the facility reportedly contains a "large
number" of laboratories whose specific functions were not detailed in the HA'ARETZ report.
Component assembly will be done in clean rooms that limit dust accumulation to a "few particles" per
liter and whose temperature will be kept constant to within a half degree centigrade. Relative humidity
in the clean rooms will not fluctuate more than 5 percent.
The Leshem Institute was established about two years ago by RAFAEL as part of the Jewish
Agency's plan to industrialize the Galilee. The institute is located in an area of the Segev region which
ensures controlled access and affords the installation ample space for expansion.
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REPORTS surveys science and technology trends as detailed in articles, books, and journals. It
also includes summaries and listings of articles and books which may serve as potential sources
for future research. Conference proceedings will occasionally be presented in this section.
JAPAN: NEW MULTIBIOSENSOR
A new multibiosensor has been developed by a research team under Haruaki Katsube of Saitama
University, according to NIHON KOGYO SHIMBUN of 3 September.
The biosensor was developed using a separated gate-type FET (field-effect transistor) with a thin
immobilized film on the gate electrode. The new device has three sensors (for urea, glucose, and pH)
mounted on a single-crystal silicon substrate. The sensor is one square centimenter in size.
1 IME 07) I. -Tl \'(7
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2 (a)( ~~ID b)I ~~1 V
It
A
rn ~
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1) Blueprint of new multibiosensor
2) Surface view
3) Cross-section
4) Iridium oxide film
5) Source terminal
6) Drain terminal
7) Gate electrode
8) Immobilized enzyme
9) Epoxy resin
10) Tantalum oxide film
11) Indium oxide film
12) Gate metal
The structure of the new multisensor eliminates the problem of component damage resulting from
enzyme film corrosion. The porosity of immobilized enzyme film allows acids and alkalis to seep into
the gate electrode. The new sensor prevents seepage through an arrangement that places the enzyme film
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away from the gate electrode rather than directly on top of it. In the assembly process, the enzyme layer
is mounted on a conductive iridium oxide film which is connected to the edge of the gate electrode. The
sensor's components, except for the enzyme film, are then bonded with epoxy resin. Although the
enzyme film remains exposed to moisture, its separation from the gate electrode protects the sensor's
electronic components from damage.
In laboratory tests with the multibiosensor, urea and glucose levels have been measured in the 5-to-
200-milligram range. The sensor provided consistently accurate data over a one-week evaluation period.
The Katsube team hopes to use the sensor in blood chemistry procedures.
STAT
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JAPAN: LASER-ENRICHED URANIUM
The Japanese Government has turned to the private sector in an effort to close the gap with the US
in laser-enriched uranium technology. Japanese scientists estimate that they are a decade behind their
US counterparts in developing a laser enrichment technique that would halve the cost of current
separating enrichment methods, the Tokyo press reported in September.
As a result, the Federation of Electric Power Companies on 17 September established a private
research group called the Laser-Method Uranium Enrichment Technology Research Group (LUETRG).
Prior to the LUETRG, government organizations such as the Science and Technology Agency were
responsible for laser-enrichment technology. The new group is composed of Japan's nine major electric
power companies and the Japan Atomic Power Company, the Central Research Institute for Electric
Power, and the Japan Nuclear Fuel Industry Company.
The LUETRG will conduct a five-year development program that includes the building of a pilot
production facility. The group has budgeted 20 billion yen for the research, half of which will be
provided by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI).
The press provides only a broad outline of LUETRG's research schedule. Initially, the group will
focus on the definition of a basic approach and then on equipment development. This phase is to be
followed by the refinement of laser devices and the construction of separation chambers for the isotopic
mixture. The final step involves the completion of equipment testing and an evaluation of test results.
The objective of this R&D effort is the production of 1 to 5 tons SWU (separative work units, a
measurement of work required to separate an isotopic mixture into a higher percentage and a lower
percentage concentrate) per year by 1990.
The Tokyo press noted that Hitachi, Toshiba, and Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industry also have
been developing laser equipment for uranium enrichment. Moreover, the Sumitomo Metal Mining
Company is developing an enrichment method using a company-manufactured YAG laser. The Japan
Atomic Energy Research Institute reportedly will begin work on a sophisticated free-electron laser (FEL)
for use in uranium enrichment.
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DATA BASE SURVEYS
DATA BASE SURVEYS presents an annotated list of documents compiled by the FBISAntwerp
and Milan SST Units from searches of European commercial data bases on specific technical
topics suggested by consumer requirements. Additional searches and full-text translations of the
documents cited below can be provided on request.
The following list is the result of a Milan Unit search of SIGLE-a database containing
bibliographic references to grey literature from European Community countries and Sweden-for FRG
documents on government-sponsored advanced technology research.
TOPIC & DESCRIPTIVE
ORGANIZATION
BMFT (Federal Ministry for
Research and Technology)
BMFT/Motoren and Turbinen
Union
BMFT/Fraunhofer Institute for
Applied Solid State Physics
BMFT
Fraunhofer Association
Milan Uni
Conference papers from the April 1986 "BMFT Status
Seminar on Aerospace Science and Technology"
highlight leading-edge European space research.
Phase 3 of the "Ceramic Components, Gas Turbines"
project is described in a June 1986 research report.
A February 1986 paper entitled "Advanced
Development of Diffusion Bonding-Process for Joining
Turbine Blades with Complex Cooling Configuration
and Other Near Net-Shape Components: Final Report"
explores FRG efforts in a field that has applications in
aeronautical and automotive technology.
A 100-page, 1986 report examines the findings of the the
multiyear program "Liquid Crystal Materials and
Electrooptic Effects for High Information Content
Displays."
The proceedings of the January 1986 BMFT seminar
"Utilization of Remote Sensing Data in the Federal
Republic of Germany" demonstrate the wide range of
applications for remote sensing technology in the FRG.
BMFT funding, personnel, and research are detailed in
the "Proceedings of the BMFT Status Seminar 28-30
April 1986."
This March 1986 document presents the official 1986
research plan of the Fraunhofer Association.
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PREVIEWS is an annotated list of selected science and technology items being translated by
FBIS. The list may also contain previously published items of wide consumer interest.
EUROPE REPORT: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BRITE: BASIC RESEARCH IN INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR EUROPE
Official EC information package on BRITE program for 1985-89. Details conditions for
participation, principles governing contracts, and financing procedures. Included is a list of the 95
projects and the companies involved. (Brussels PRESS RELEASE BRITE 4 Feb 86 and 19 Jun 86;
Brussels INFORMATION PACKAGE FOR THE SECOND CALL FOR PROPOSALS FOR THE
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY PROGRAM BRITE 1986). Published in EUROPE REPORT:
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 15 Oct 86.
EURAM: EUROPEAN RESEARCH ON ADVANCED MATERIALS
Official EC publication on advanced materials research in the EURAM program. Outlines purpose
of project and research topics,. which include metallic materials, engineering ceramics, and
composites. (Brussels RESEARCH ACTION PROGRAMME MATERIALS IV. ADVANCED
MATERIALS 1985; Brussels Supplement to OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES 19 Jun 86). Published in EUROPE REPORT: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
17 Oct 86.
EC SELECTS PROJECTS, PREPARES PHASE II OF ESPRIT
Responsibilities within the EC for various aspects of ESPRIT program; excerpts from evaluation
report issued in October 1985 by an independent panel of experts giving recommendations for
Phase II and citing project statistics for Phase I. (Bonn DAS PARLAMENT 16-23 Aug 86; Brussels
ZWISCHENBEWERTUNG VON ESPRIT 15 Oct 85)
FINNISH ISO SYSTEM TO ACCESS EUREKA DATA BASES
FUNET (Finnish University and Research Network) has received from Digital Equipment
Corporation as a gift an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) information system.
The article examines how the system will allow information sharing with other Eureka participants
and computer-to-computer data transfer for file updating. (Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMAT
25 Sep 86 p 17)
FRENCH PLANNING OFFICE PROPOSES MEASURES TO BOOST NEW TECHNOLOGIES
The article discusses the 83 proposals made by the French General Planning Commission to
promote new technologies in France. The technological fields studied are microelectronics,
microcomputing, new materials, and biotechnology. (Paris LE MONDE INFORMATIQUE 6 Oct
86 p 74)
FRENCH Al ACHIEVEMENTS WITH LISP, PROLOG, MAIA
This overview describes various versions of the Lisp and Prolog families being developed in France.
It also outlines French research efforts to develop computers supporting Al applications. (Paris
SCIENCES & TECHNIQUES Oct 86 pp 41-50)
FRENCH CNET DEVELOPING NEW OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY
CNET has developed an all-French prototype machine to draw various optical fibers to
manufacture cable in one continuous process. The article describes the technical aspects of the
process. (Paris SCIENCES & TECHNIQUES Oct 86 pp 13-14)
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FRANCE EXPLAINS REFORMS IN CNRS; MILITARY, CIVIL R&D BUDGET FOR 1987
Series of articles on "fundamental research" as the priority of the CNRS and on the new system of
managing the military and civil R&D budget through the minister of finance. Breakdown of the
finalized 1987 French R&D budget is included. (Paris AFP SCIENCES 9 Oct pp 1-6; Paris
LIBERATION 10 Oct p 39; Paris LE MONDE 11 Oct p 10)
Helmar Krupp, a professor at the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems Technology and Innovative
Research, argues that manned space missions are "absurd" and urges the FRG to reject them. He
discusses manned microgravity research and industrial production in space and addresses the
subject of civilian spinoffs of "premilitary" space research. (Munich INDUSTRIEMAGAZIN Oct
86 pp 19-20)
LATIN AMERICA REPORT
RIO HOLDS SIXTH BRAZILIAN COMPUTER FAIR
Extensive coverage of exhibits gives overview of domestically manufactured hardware and
software. Major exhibits are described and evaluated. (Rio de Janeiro DATA NEWS 9 Sep 86 pp 6-
20)
WORLDWIDE REPORT: TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH, AND
DEVELOPMENT
EFFECTS OF CGE-ITT DEAL ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET ACCESS,
COMPETITION
Series of articles maps CGE takeover of ITT; provides an interview with new CGE Chief Pierre
Suard in which he discusses company strategy; and looks at the reaction of other West European
telecommunications firms (such as Siemens, Ericsson, Italtel, and Plessey) to the takeover. (Munich
INDUSTRIEMAGAZIN Oct 86 pp 27-49)
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