TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP87T00685R000200390003-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 53
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 15, 2011
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: November 1, 1986
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
Intelligence
Terrorism Review
DI TR 86-010
November 1986
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Terrorism Review
Highlights
13 Syrian Support for International Terrorism: 1983-86
17 Colombia's ELN: A Growing Insurgent Threat
37 Chronology of Terrorism-1986
This review is published every month by the Directorate of Intelligence.'
Appropriate articles produced by other elements of the CIA as well as by other
agencies of the US Intelligence Community will be considered jor publication.
Secret
DI TR 86-0/0
November 1986
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Terrorism Review 25X1
Focus Upsurge in Dramatic Attacks in September
The rapid-fire sequence of terrorist incidents during the first half of September has
raised questions about whether terrorist groups in the Middle East, Western
Europe, and Latin America may have coordinated their actions. We have no
information to suggest this, and there are few historical instances in which terrorist
organizations are known to have communicated their plans for specific operations
with each other.
A variety of factors are likely to have contributed to the coincidence in timing:
? In some cases, the same group may be responsible for several closely timed
attacks. Abu Nidal, in particular, is known to cluster its operations. Although
the evidence is not yet conclusive, that group is a prime suspect in both the
Istanbul synagogue attack on 6 September and the Pan Am hijacking in Karachi
the day before.
? Copycat attacks often follow major terrorist incidents. Terrorist organizations
seeking to maximize their media impact probably calculate that even low-level
actions receive greater publicity in the wake of high-profile attacks. The seizure
of the Iraqi Airways office in Paris by Kurds on 8 September was covered in the
front pages, probably only because it came on the heels of the Karachi and
Istanbul incidents.
? Dramatic terrorist incidents tend to sensitize the worldwide audience to the
broader terrorist problem at a time when many groups are carrying on business
as usual. The Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF) carried out
bombings in Paris of a commuter train, City Hall, a cafeteria, a bar, the central
police headquarters, and a clothing store in order to intensify pressure on French
authorities to release George Abdallah, LARF's leader. Earlier LARFattacks-
intended to reach the same goal-were covered in the press in late 1985, but
were not noticed to the same extent by the public at large. In West Germany, the
attack on the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution on
8 September fits the pattern of Red Army Faction attacks on institutions
representing the state-a pattern that is probably unrelated to any particular
timing. The bombing on 7 September of a Dutch firm involved in construction at
a NATO airbase scheduled to house cruise missiles resembles other actions
against defense-related construction firms that have occurred in several NATO
countries since 1982.
? In some cases, simultaneous timing is purely coincidental. The attempted
assassination on 7 September of Chile's President Pinochet by the Manuel
Rodriguez Patriotic Front undoubtedly required a great deal of planning and
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D/ TR 86-010
November 1986
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only by happenstance culminated in an attack during this period of highly
visible terrorist incidents. Likewise, the murders of several legislators in
Colombia were a result of the domestic political situation rather than a
reflection of international developments elsewhere.
It is becoming increasingly difficult to assign responsibility for specific terrorist
acts to a particular group as we appear to be witnessing the development of a new
phenomenon-the freelance terrorist. Although there are few historical instances
in which terrorist groups are known to have cooperated operationally, there are
increasing signs of contact between individuals who may belong to different
terrorist organizations. The freelance terrorist may be less concerned about
carrying out operations on behalf of a particular group than just participating in
violent activities.
Outlook
Although we may see a falloff in spectacular attacks, international terrorism is
unlikely to decline. During the first half of 1986, the number of such incidents-
450-was up some 25 percent, and the number of casualties increased almost 30
percent over the comparable period in 1985.
These figures allow us to draw some additional conclusions about the September
attacks:
? The trend toward a larger number of casualties in 1986 reflects the willingness
of Middle Eastern groups to carry out indiscriminate attacks designed to cause
maximum casualties and gain worldwide publicity.
? International terrorism tends to be cyclical-periods of low-level activity are
often followed by an outbreak of high-profile attacks. Major terrorist incidents
like the Pan Am hijacking and the Istanbul attack were sophisticated operations
requiring substantial advance planning and logistic procurement. Apparent lulls
in terrorism are likely to be just preparatory periods for future attacks. The
surges, such as we have recently experienced, should probably be expected after
a period of relative quiet.
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Key Indicators
we suspect Abu Nidal may have been responsible.
Pan Am 747 Hijacked
Twenty-two people were killed and nearly 100 wounded 5 September when four
gunmen seized a Pan Am 747 in Karachi. After killing one American, the
hijackers threatened to kill one passenger every 10 minutes unless they were
provided a flightcrew to replace crew members who had escaped during the seizure
and were flown to Cyprus. Although two deadlines passed without further
incident, the gunmen opened fire on the passengers after the airplane's lighting
failed. The four gunmen, along with a fifth conspirator arrested 10 September in
Islamabad, are in Pakistani custody and have given varying accounts of their
origins and goals. Several groups have claimed responsibility for the hijacking, but
explosive belts they were wearing detonated.
Istanbul Synagogue Massacre Kills 22
On 6 September, 22 persons were killed and seven wounded when gunmen posing
as tourists stormed the Neve Shalom synagogue in Istanbul, hurling grenades and
strafing the congregation with machinegun fire. Two terrorists were killed when
Several groups have claimed responsibility, including Islamic Jihad and Abu
Nidal. Although we have not determined who was behind the attack, the operation
was similar to Abu Nidal attacks in Vienna and Rome in 1981 and 1982 in which
terrorists threw grenades and indiscriminately fired on worshipers.
LARF Bombings Rock Paris
In September the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF) carried out a
number of bombings against French interests in Paris in its latest effort to force
the French Government to release LARF leader George Abdallah.' By late August
the press was reporting that LARF was upset over the failure to release its leader
and that it would renew its intimidation efforts after 1 September:
? On 4 September a large bomb misfired aboard a subway train during the evening
rush hour; had it detonated properly, scores probably would have been killed and
wounded.
? On 8 September another bomb went off in the post office in Paris City Hall,
killing one woman and wounding some 20 other persons.
? On 12 September a bomb exploded in the men's room of a department store
cafeteria, injuring 41 persons.
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? On 14 September a bomb was discovered in a crowded bar on the Champs
Elysee. It was removed to a nearby parking garage, but it detonated en route-
killing one policeman and injuring another policeman and a waiter.
? On 15 September a bomb went off in the Central Paris Police Headquarters,
killing at least one person and injuring 50 others, six of them seriously. Many of
the victims were policemen.
? On 17 September a clothing store in the Montparnasse area was bombed, killing
four persons and injuring more than 60 others.
The bombing campaign appears to have strengthened French resolve in the
Abdallah case, at least for the short term. In the face of stiffened public opinion,
the Chirac government apparently decided not to release Abdallah in October but
to try him in February 1987 for complicity in the murders of US and Israeli
diplomats in 1982. He is unlikely to be convicted in either case, however, and could
thus be freed after those trials.
FPMR Attempts Assassination of President Pinochet
On 7 September President Augusto Pinochet was slightly injured following an
attack on his motorcade by about 30 members of the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic
Front (FPMR). At least five security guards were killed and a number wounded
during the rocket and automatic weapon attack. Pinochet reportedly credits his
survival to the quick reaction of his driver, the inability of the rocket fired at his
car to arm itself in flight, and the fortuitous arrival on the scene of a police patrol
car that blocked the terrorists' pursuit. Following the attack, Pinochet reimposed
the state of siege that he had lifted in June 1985.
In the wake of the attack, Chilean security forces are rounding up scores of
suspected leftists. Jose Carrasco, the international editor of the leftist weekly
Analysis, was taken away from his home by unidentified armed individuals on
8 September. Later that day his body was found, riddled with bullets, near a
Santiago cemetery. Also on 8 September unidentified persons killed a judge's son,
and on 9 September the body of a political activist was found in one of Santiago's
slums. At least two of those murdered had some connection to the Movement of
the Revolutionary Left. Paramilitary forces associated with the Chilean security
forces probably are responsible for the killings. Thus far Pinochet's actual
attackers remain at large.
West Germany American Next RAF Target?
The pattern of West Germany's Red Army Faction (RAF) attacks in 1986
increases our concern that the threat to senior American and military diplomatic
personnel in West Germany has increased substantially and probably will remain
high for some time. The RAF hardcore has carried out two assassinations in
1986-Dr. Karl-Heinz Beckurts on 9 July and Dr. Gerold von Braunmuehl on 10
October-and apparently has embarked on a major terrorist campaign with the
support of the group's illegal militants. According to statements made by the group
in claim letters, the targets of these assassinations represented two groups the RAF
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cites as primary enemies-the "military-industrial complex" and the "repressive
organs of the state." The hardcore, however, has yet to hit a third target sector-
the formal military establishment in West Germany.
The claim letters also continued vitriolic rhetoric castigating the American
military establishment for supporting the US and German Governments'
"repressive" policies. The RAF has never attempted to assassinate senior West
German military personnel, although they have carried out bombings and arson
attacks against Army installations. On the other hand, the group attempted to
assassinate US Army Generals Haig and Kroesen and has been responsible for the
deaths of at least six American soldiers and dependents since 1972 in bombings of
US military facilities in West Germany.
Western Europe Kurdish Violence on the Rise
A series of incidents involving Kurds has some West European officials concerned
that increased Kurdish activity could turn violent. A group of about a dozen Kurds
claiming to be armed with explosives seized the Iraqi Airways office in Paris on
8 September and threatened to blow it up unless reporters listened to its protests
against the Turkish and Iraqi Governments. After the group surrendered, it was
found that it had no explosives. A member of the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK)
was arrested on 15 August while picking up explosives to be used in an attack
against the Turkish Consulate in Hamburg, West Germany. A week later, the
Dutch arrested an armed PKK activist planning to attack a Turkish Consulate in
the Netherlands.
The incident on 8 September and the one in the Netherlands probably were in
retaliation for the Turkish air raid on Kurdish camps in Iraq on 15 August that
caused considerable casualties. The Kurdish plot in Hamburg, however, probably
was unrelated and already set in motion before the Turkish raid.
The arrest on 15 August of Faruk Bozkurt, a Kurd allegedly planning an attack on
the Turkish Consulate General in Hamburg, has prompted several incidents in
Western Europe by sympathizers protesting his detention. On 16 September
approximately 60 protesters assembled in front of a West German radio station in
Hanover and demanded Bozkurt be freed. Another 30 demonstrators pressing for
Bozkurt's release seized the West German Consulate in Amsterdam on
24 September and occupied it until police and the consul general negotiated their
peaceful departure. The same day a group occupied a German Reformed church in
Paris until a West German Embassy representative agreed to meet with them to
discuss Bozkurt's case.
The Kurds who seized the consulate in Amsterdam reportedly are supporters of
the Kurdish National Liberation Front, an arm of the PKK, that seeks to obtain
an independent Kurdish state in southeastern Turkey. Last year PKK supporters
and members protesting Sweden's detention of PKK spokesman Husayin Yildirim
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reportedly a PKK member-remains in prison.
occupied several Swedish consulates and held demonstrations in West Germany.
Similar incidents against West Germany are likely to occur as long as Bozkurt-
an attack on the US Embassy in Stockholm.
Americans Threatened in Sweden
Reports of Arab terrorists threatening Americans in Sweden suggests the relative
freedom from terrorism this country has enjoyed may be drawing to an end. On
17 September an anonymous phone caller claimed that a group with Libyan or
Syrian connections was planning to detonate a bomb aboard a ferry while it was
traveling from Stockholm to Helsinki. A short time after the call, Swedish police
observed three men behaving suspiciously in the boarding area of a passenger ferry
preparing to depart Stockholm for Helsinki with some 200 Americans on board.
Police retrieved a piece of paper thrown into a trash can by one of the men that
contained reference to a bomb hidden on the ferry. The men escaped in the crowd
at the dock. Earlier in the month, an Arab terrorist team reportedly was planning
Counterterrorist Vigilante Group Surfacing?
Recent French press reporting indicates that active or retired French intelligence
and police officials may be behind a newly surfaced counterterrorism activist
group. The "French Liberation Front" (FLF) proclaimed its existence in late
August in letters to Paris newspapers, denouncing the government as too soft on
Middle Eastern-sponsored terrorism and citing examples from supposedly
confidential government information. There is currently no indication that the
FLF intends to attack physically Middle Eastern suspects in France.
Resurgence of Rightwing Terrorism?
Recent incidents in southern France indicate a possible increase in rightwing
extremist activity, centering around the anti-immigrant group "SOS France." A
cycle of violence involving the group has included the following events:
? On 18 August four members of the group were killed when the vehicle they
occupied exploded in Toulon. They were probably preparing to bomb an
immigrant in the Maghrebi neighborhood. Claude Noblia and Yvon Richard,
the group's president and vice president, respectively, were identified among the
dead.
? On 24 August Toulon police seized 5 kilograms of explosives, several
handgrenades and a clock (possibly a timing mechanism) in a house that had
been rented by Richard.
? On 29 August a close friend of Noblia was killed by two masked gunmen outside
his home in Sanary, near Toulon. The acquaintance had attended the funeral of
the four members the day before.
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This was an unusual flurry of activity during the normally quiet month of August.
The violence did not continue during September, however. Further attacks on
Middle Eastern immigrants by rightists may be forthcoming after new leaders
emerge in SOS France.
ETA member to take part in the pardon program.
Murder of ETA Returnee May Have Backfired
The Military Wing of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA-M) may have
alienated much of the Basque population by its recent murder of a former ETA
leader pardoned under the terms of the Spanish Government's social reinsertion
program. The program pardons guerrillas who have not committed violent crimes
and who pledge to give up armed struggle. On 10 September an ETA-M gunman
shot to death Maria Dolores Gonzales Catarain in broad daylight at a village
festival in Ordizia near San Sebastian. Catarain, who had been living in exile and
who had been separated from ETA for almost a year, was the highest ranking
The Basque community, including members of ETA, has expressed outrage at the
incident through editorials to the press, strikes, and petitions. Some ETA
members, including many who have been pardoned, have issued a communique
requesting help from the parliament, political parties, and the Basque government
in stemming ETA's current violence. The killing of Catarain appears to have
struck a chord among disparate parts of Basque society outraged by ETA's
violence. ETA's attacks have become increasingly more lethal and indiscriminate,
possibly because it has been hurt by the social reinsertion program, defections, and
Fren~eration with Spanish authorities in returning ETA members to Spain.
attacks are particularly severe, they could affect security for the games.
Basques Protest Barcelona's Candidacy for 1992 Olympics
The Basque terrorist group Fatherland and Liberty carried out acar-bomb attack
on a civil guard patrol on 13 September, injuring three paramilitary civil guards
and a passerby. The alleged reason for the attack was the group's continued
opposition to "oppressive forces of occupation wherever they may be." It is more
likely, however, that Barcelona was the site of the blast because it was seeking to
become the site for the 1992 Olympics. Attacks such as this, however, will raise
questions about Madrid's ability to provide security for the event and if these
Bombings in Algarve May Have ETA Link
Three bombs exploded in the Algarve District early on the morning of
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resemble those used earlier by the Popular Forces of 25 April (FP-25), were made
of plastic "gelomonite" and detonated by battery and watch timing devices. The
untamped bombs reportedly were identical to a series of devices that exploded on
14 July in various parts of Portugal. Two persons died in one of those explosions,
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devices in the past.
Two groups have claimed responsibility for the latest bombings: the "Armed
Commandos of Liberation," a hitherto unknown organization, and the Armed
Revolutionary Organization (ORA) that had also claimed credit for the 14 July
attack. ORA is thought to be a splinter group of the FP-25. The bombings have
drawn attention to an anonymous letter of 23 August to the Portuguese news
agency warning of a well organized and equipped joint terrorist offensive by FP-25
and the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) group against political and
economic targets during the September tourist season. Although ETA probably
was not involved in the attacks or in the manufacture of the devices, its complicity .
has not been ruled out. The Basque group reportedly has used similar explosive
Italy/Greece Agreement To Cooperate Against Terrorism
Rome and Athens on 22 September signed a security cooperation agreement to
combat terrorism, drug trafficking, and organized crime. The agreement, which
calls for biannual meetings between experts to exchange information, resembles
accords Italy has reached with Tunisia, Israel, Morocco, and the United States but
does not cover specific operational areas. The accord reportedly is intended to deal
primarily with terrorism, and only secondarily with drug trafficking and organized
crime. Bilateral cooperative efforts probably will focus on Middle Eastern
terrorism.
groups.
Four Terrorists Seized With Sophisticated Explosives
Moroccan authorities in late August reportedly arrested afour-person terrorist
squad consisting of two Tunisians and two Palestinians. The Tunisians carried
explosives disguised as pottery objects. The four planned to conduct attacks in
Morocco, especially against Moroccan Jews, probably to protest the meeting in
July between King Hassan and Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres. The
terrorists claimed to be loyal to Fatah Central Security member Abdullah Abd
al-Hamid Labib (Colonel Hawari), whereas Moroccan authorities suspect that on
the basis of the operational methods and the explosive devices in the terrorists'
possession, they probably are members of Abu Ibrahim's 15 May Organization.
We believe, however, that the 15 May Organization may no longer be operating as
a unit and that former members probably are selling their services to individuals or
French Diplomat Killed in Beirut
On 18 September French military attache Christian Gouttierre was shot while
entering the French Embassy in Beirut. The assailants had apparently conducted
extensive surveillance of Gouttierre's movements and Embassy security
Gouttierre is the first French diplomat killed in Lebanon since t e renc
Embassy was moved to East Beirut in July 1984.
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His assassination has been claimed by both the previously unknown Front for
Justice and Revenge and the Revolutionary Brigades. The attack also could be the
work of Shia militia who are opposed to the French presence in Lebanon and who
may be holding seven French hostages. The killing may have been inspired by
attacks on French forces of the UN Interim Force in Southern Lebanon and the
Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction bombings in Paris.
after they landed and the PLF has asked Amal for their immediate release.
Israelis Thwart Attempted PLF Attack
An Israeli patrol vessel opened fire on a commando squad that was sailing in an
inflatable dinghy off the southern coast of Lebanon on 10 September. The
commando squad, said to belong to the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF)
reportedly planned to launch an attack against the Israeli town of Nahariyah.
Israeli gunfire wounded at least one of the possibly four commandos and forced the
squad ashore near Tyre. Amal Shiite militia reportedly arrested the commandos
central square in Tehran, killing 20 people and wounding scores of others.
Bombings Mar Religious Holiday
On 16 August a car bomb exploded near a Muslim shrine in the holy city of Qom,
killing 13 and wounding more than 100. The shrine was crowded with Muslims
celebrating the feast of Id al-Adha. Three days later, a car bomb exploded in a
There have been seven explosions against civilian targets in Iran this year. Iranian
authorities continue to blame attacks on US agents, Iraq, and the antigovernment
dissident group Mujahedin i-Khalq. The Mujahedin i-Khalq denied responsibility
for the Tehran attack, but on 20 August, a previously unknown group calling itself
"SYS" claimed responsibility for both bombings. The caller said the group was a
"nationalist organization that aims to make Iran as uncomfortable as possible for
the regime of Ayatollah Khomeini."
French Caribbean UPLG Targeting Air France?
The separatist group Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (UPLG) reportedly is
attempting to place a bomb aboard an Air France jet to Paris from Guadeloupe.
On 20 July the plotters managed to get a bomb to the airport, but heavy security
there reportedly thwarted their effort to put it on an aircraft. UPLG apparently
plans to make further attempts. The plot is said to be partly in response to pressure
from financial-backer Libya, which reportedly wants some action in return for its
money, although no direct Libyan role is evident.
harm than good to the group's cause.
Such an attack would be an escalation for this group. Although the UPLG has
bombed French targets for years, it has usually sought to avoid causing injuries
and some UPLG militants are said to feel that such a bombing could do more
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mine shaft that also housed guerrilla training classrooms and a target range.
FPMR Arms Caches Discovered
Chilean authorities discovered three arms caches between 7 and 14 August,
located in the same general area along the northern coast. The arms belonged to
the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR), a terrorist group affiliated with
the Communist Party of Chile, and consisted of a variety of weapons, including
more than 1,000 Vietnam-vintage M-16s, about 400 Soviet-made rockets, and tens
of thousands of rounds of ammunition. The third cache reportedly was hidden in a
regime has been greatly reduced.
The seizure of the weapons represents a major tactical loss for the FPMR. We
believe that, despite the loss, the group has sufficient arms stored elsewhere with
which to continue its armed campaign. In our view, the Communist Party's ability
to persuade the moderate opposition to increase armed opposition to the Pinochet
to provoke the FARC into renouncing its cease-fire with the government or,
Possible Guerrilla Attacks Against US Embassy
US Embassy personnel in Colombia have tightened security in anticipation of
possible guerrilla attacks. The weekly Communist Party newspaper has hinted that
the US Government may have been involved in the recent murders of several
legislators affiliated with the insurgent Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
(FARC). The killings probably were the work of a rival guerrilla group attempting
a rightwing paramilitary organization dissatisfied with
the government's counterinsurgency policy.
device fell off and exploded harmlessly.
Iraqi Consul Killed in Karachi
Iraqi Vice Consul Nathal Abdul Salam Abd al-Latif was killed on 14 September
when a bomb exploded in his car as he drove to work. An unidentified passerby
was seriously wounded by flying splinters from the explosion. On the basis of
limited observations of the damaged sedan, it is probable that a small
antipersonnel device like a handgrenade exploded inside the vehicle. An Iraqi
dissident group, Al-Rafidain Iraqi Islami, located in Beirut, claimed responsiblity.
The Iraqis, however, have blamed Iran for the attack. Four months ago a bomb
was placed under the car of another Iraqi consular official in Karachi but the
lines were severed.
Radicals Continue Campaign Against Railway System
Leftist extremists launched attacks against rail union officials in August and
severed communications cables along six Japan National Railway lines in
September. The radical group Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction), which conducted
the attacks, reportedly plans further attacks in coming months. The August attack
killed one person and wounded nine-the first time in recent years the group has
injured private citizens. Service was disrupted to more than 1 million commuters
in the Tokyo area on 24 September, when communications cables of six railway
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Airport Bombing on Eve of Asian Games
On 14 September a bomb exploded in a trash can near a crowded main-arrival
terminal at Kimpo Airport, killing five persons and injuring 29. All the dead were
South Koreans. According to press reports, an anonymous caller told police that
radical South Korean students were responsible for the incident. Seoul has claimed
the explosion was a North Korean-engineered attempt to disrupt the Asian
Games, and South Korean investigators have indicated there are similarities
between this attack and the 1983 Rangoon bombing that killed 17 members of a
visiting South Korean delegation. South Korean investigators, however, have been
unable to provide any real evidence that North Korea was behind the Kimpo
bombing. The device is believed to have been composed of either TNT or a plastic
explosive and was detonated with an electrical timer. The attack may have been
the work of South Korean radicals (perhaps students), but their previous bombings
have relied on homemade explosives and incendiaries.
are conducted against security forces and government officials.
MILF Attack on the Catholic Church Kills 11
On 7 September a breakaway faction of the Moro National Liberation Front
known as the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) hurled a fragmentation
grenade into a Catholic Church packed with worshipers in southern Lanao del
Norte Province. Military officials reported that at least 11 persons were killed and
more than 100 injured. The attack was followed by a 10-minute firelight between
government forces and rebels outside the church in which two of the attackers
reportedly were killed while three others escaped. This attack was particularly
blatant in regard to the number of civilian casualties in an area where most attacks
New Baggage Search Procedures for Explosives
The Federal Aviation Administration has issued guidelines for more detailed
searches of suspect luggage by airport personnel because of the increased use of
suitcase bombs against aircraft and the more sophisticated concealment techniques
that have emerged in the last year:
? Items that do not normally contain metal should be checked with a hand wand
and any anomalies detected should be followed up with X-rays.
? Metallic items (especially calculators, shavers, computers, cameras, radios) must
be X-rayed to identify the components.
? All battery-operated items (including those above) must be X-rayed from two
different axes to locate any unusual wiring or components. Batteries must be
removed from the items and placed in luggage carried in the plane's hold.
? Suspect baggage itself must be X-rayed while empty and hand-searched for
modifications, to include the lining, nonstandard hardware, unusual weight, or
unusual thickness in the baggage's sides or bottom.
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The attention given to electronic items reflects both the potential for terrorist use
of timing or power supply equipment in these devices and concern that the most
detectable portion of a sophisticated bomb remains its detonating mechanism.
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Syrian Support for International
Terrorism: 1983-86
Since 1983 Syria increasingly has used surrogate
terrorist groups to advance its objectives while hiding
its hand in terrorism-these groups have since carried
out more than 85 attacks against US, Jordanian,
Palestinian, and Israeli targets. Damascus provides
these groups with safehaven, weapons, and bases, and
terrorist training facilities in Syria and in Syrian-
occupied Lebanese territory.
Moreover, two incidents earlier this year-the
attempted bombing of an EI Al jet in London last
April and the bombing of the German-Arab
Friendship Union in West Berlin the previous
month-revealed direct operational support by Syrian
personnel.
$12,000 in cash, and instructions on how to use the
bomb. On 5 April he returned to London and
picked up the bomb, which had been flown in from
Syria. The Syrian Embassy in London then
provided him with safehaven for 24 hours after El
Al security officials discovered the device in his
girlfriend's luggage.
? British investigators confirmed that Hindawi made
a dry run from Damascus'to London in the company
of two Syrians last February and that several
Embassy employees were involved in the plot.
Italian officials interrogated a third Hindawi
brother and were able to confirm Nizar's ties to
Syrian intelligence.
The Smoking Gun: London and West Berlin
The El Al and German-Arab Friendship Union
incidents provided the most conclusive evidence of
direct Syrian involvement in terrorism since the early
1970s:
? Nizar Hindawi, a freelance terrorist living in
London, claims he went to Damascus and contacted
Syrian officials in late 1985 to seek funding for a
new terrorist group in Western Europe.
? Hindawi then proposed to his brother Ahmed Hasi
in West Berlin that Hasi bomb the German-Arab
Friendship Union because it had withdrawn. its
support for radical Palestinian terrorist groups. Hasi
claims he picked up the bomb at the Syrian
Embassy in East Berlin, and that a Syrian
explosives expert from Damascus fixed the device
after it twice failed to explode. Hasi's accomplice
also independently identified Syrian intelligence as
the source of the bomb.
? Hindawi claims that he received instructions last
February in Damascus from Syrian Air Force
intelligence deputy, Haitham Said, for the bombing
of the El Al jet. Hindawi told interrogators that
Said provided him with an official Syrian passport,
? The El Al bomb was technically similar to the
"voting day" timer bombs used several times last
year by Syrian-supported groups in Jordan. A
similar bomb also was discovered in the luggage of
an individual arriving at Frankfurt International
Airport from Damascus in February 1985.
Palestinian Surrogates
Syria probably directed its own personnel to remain in
the shadows following the failed operation in London.
We see no evidence, however, that Damascus has
curtailed its support-including weapons, documents,
training, and safehaven-to various radical
Palestinian groups, whose terrorist activities continue
unabated.
Syria has provided the Abu Nidal group with
important logistic support since the group moved its
base from Iraq to Syria in late 1983, allowing it to
maintain offices in Damascus and training camps in
the Bekaa Valley, and providing travel documents,
including diplomatic passports. The move to Syria
coincided with an increase in dramatic terrorist
Secret
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attacks by Abu Nidal-the group carried out 14
attacks in 1984 and 23 last year, including 16 in
Western Europe. Syrian support gives Damascus
considerable influence over the group's operations-
probably including choice of some targets:
in the
Rome airport massacre last December, members of
the four-man team trained in Syrian-occupied
territory in Lebanon; they then traveled with Syrian
military personnel to Damascus, where they
remained for four days while final preparations
were made for the attack. Once the team was in
place in Rome, one member reportedly placed
several telephone calls to a contact in Damascus.
points to Abu Nidal as
responsible for the hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in
Karachi. The hijackers claim to be members of the
group and to have been trained in the Bekaa Valley.
One allegedly confessed that the group originally
departed from Damascus. Technical evidence shows
that "suicide belts" worn by the hijackers had the
same packaging, detonator-booster assembly, and
type of explosive as the bomb discovered by El Al
security officials in London. Syria may have
provided Abu Nidal with the devices without
requiring the group to explain when or how it
planned to use them.
? Abu Nidal reportedly was also responsible for the
Istanbul synagogue massacre that resulted in 24
deaths only one day after the Karachi attack. The
terrorists wore "suicide belts" similar to the ones
worn by the Karachi hijackers.
In addition to its primary surrogate, Abu Nidal, Syria
provides varying amounts of support to other anti-
Arafat radical Palestinian groups-including the Abu
Musa Group, the Popular Front for the Liberation of
Palestine (PFLP), and the Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine-General Command
(PFLP-GC). The degree of Syrian influence varies
from almost total control to much more tenuous links:
? Nasser Hasan al-Ali, the suspect in the attempt to
bomb an El Al jet in Madrid on 26 June 1986,
claims to be a member of the Abu Musa group. If
Abu Musa was responsible, it is almost certain that
the group would have informed Damascus. Abu
Musa has been dependent on Syria since its revolt
against Arafat in 1983 and is now almost
completely controlled by Damascus. Al-Ali was
carrying an authentic Syrian passport with a false
identity at the time of his arrest.
? Two other groups supported by Syria, George
Habbash's PFLP and the Syrian Social Nationalist
Party (SSNP), attempted a commando attack on an
The Syrian Terrorist Safehaven
In addition to the radical Palestinian groups, a variety
of other terrorist groups receive Safehaven and
terrorist training in Syria and the Syrian-occupied
Bekaa Valley: the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary
Faction (LARF), the Iranian Revolutionary Guards,
the SSNP, the Japanese Red Army, the Kurdish
Labor Party, Saiqa, and the Armeninian Secret Army
for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA). These
groups are in contact with radical Palestinian terrorist
groups and Syrian officials
Syria also provides Safehaven to a number of
international terrorists:
? Frederic Oriach, the radical pro-Palestinian French
extremist, reportedly also traveled to Damascus in
August to meet with PFLP officials. Oriach was
released from a French prison in April.
? Carlos and his principal lieutenants maintain
residences and an office in Damascus. Carlos
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 reportedly heads a group known as the
"International Revolutionary Organization," which
to date has not claimed any attacks.
? In Jordan last year, the Syrian-controlled Jordanian
? Ali Isawi (also known as Abu Hakim) is one of Peoples Revolutionary Party attempted two anti-US
Carlos's closest Palestinian associates. He normally attacks: bombs were defused at a USAID
travels with Carlos when the latter leaves Syria. employee's home and at the American Center for
Oriental Studies.
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in Paris in February 1982 and held on charges of
transporting arms and explosives. Both admitted to
being members of the Arab Revolutionary Arm-a
Carlos organization-and Carlos reportedly
threatened the French with political assassinations
if they were not released.
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in Jordan, and possibly Lebanon, during the past
three years:
? Hagop Hagopian, head of the ASALA, resides in
Syria and maintains close relations with PFLP
leader George Habbash. The two groups have had
operational ties since April 1982.
? Salim Isawi, a former member of the 15 May
Organization, reportedly now resides in Damascus.
France: A Victim of Syrian Support for Terrorism?
Syria had a role in the
recent series of devastating attacks carried out by
LARF in France, as well as in attacks against French
? May Mansur, the suspect in the bombing of TWA
Flight 8401ast April, has close ties to the Syrian-
backed SSNP, although she claims to have
conducted the operation for the Palestinians.
? Salim Abu Salim, head of the PFLP-SC, and his
wife, Zuhyla Sayih, who is involved in planning
group operations, reportedly reside in Damascus.
Anti-US Attacks Since 1983
Syrian-supported groups have attacked US facilities
in the Middle East 11 times since 1983, and attacks
by Abu Nidal operatives in the Middle East and
Western Europe have killed or wounded over 100 US
citizens. In the Middle East, we believe Syria has
been involved in planning attacks against US targets
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Syrian Support Infrastructure
Assad relies on a selected group of trusted lieutenants
to implement policy-often bypassing institutional
lines of authority-and Syrian involvement in
terrorism reflects his personalistic style of rule. We
cannot be certain about the level of detail Assad asks
from his subordinates about specific operations, and
security officials operating under general policy
guidelines may occasionally overstep their authority:
? Military Intelligence Chief Ali Duba reportedly is
in charge of dispatching Palestinian terrorist squads
to Arab and West European countries.
? Air Force Intelligence Chief Muhammad al-Khuli
has long been identified with Syrian support for
terrorist groups, including Abu Nidal.
? Al-Khuli's deputy, Haitham Said, is believed to be
the principal Syrian link to Abu Nidal. Said, of
course, was also involved in the London El Al plot.
Outlook
In the aftermath of the much-publicized Hindawi
trial in London, Syria probably will continue to avoid
using its personnel in terrorist operations. We have
seen no evidence, however, that Damascus has placed
restrictions on its surrogate groups.
Damascus is likely to move more
cautiously in the coming months, but will not abandon
use of the terrorist weapon to advance its foreign
policy objectives.
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Colombia's ELN: A Growing
Insurgent Threat
The National Liberation Army (ELN), one of the four
principal guerrilla groups in Colombia, may become a
greater threat to domestic order because of its
increased growth and activity.
In line with the general escalation of the insurgent
movement in Colombia, the influence and the threat
posed by the ELN has grown dramatically in the last
two years. The group has increased its membership
and expanded its activities nationwide, especially in
the oil-rich Arauca Intendancy, where ELN guerrillas
reportedly control a large part of the countryside and
attack at will international oil firms operating in the
region. The ELN increasingly has turned to terrorism
and sabotage in its strueele.
Background and Organization
A pro-Cuban Marxist-Leninist organization, the
ELN is the oldest of the major insurgent groups. Less
well known than the M-19 or the formidable
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
organizations, the ELN is a hardline guerrilla group
that is known for its clandestine nature and its
uncompromising policies. The ELN is the only major
insurgent group that refused to participate in peace
talks begun by then President Betancur in 1982. It
makes extensive use of antigovernment propaganda
and has attempted to prevent popular participation in
elections, often by force.
The group is divided into eight regional and five
urban fronts, with four zones of operation in Bogota.
The ELN operates in the central mountain range of
Colombia and is especially active in the northeastern
oil-producing Arauca Intendancy and the Norte de
Santander Department. Ransoms gained in exchange
for kidnaped oil company officials and money
obtained from robbery and extortion operations in
these areas have reportedly greatly increased the
financial reserves of the ELN, enabled the group to
improve its military capabilities, and helped to
consolidate its influence in the Arauca region.
Foreign Support
by Cuban and Nicaraguan vessels.
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Most of the weapons that the ELN uses appear to be
of older vintage and are not sophisticated. Many of
the ELN's arms have probably been captured from
security service arsenals while others are purchased
from the gray arms market. The group reportedly 25X1
may still receive some weapons from Cuba, however.
ELN members in Cordoba may be responsible for 25X1
supervising the smuggling of arms for the group
through a shipyard in Cartagena, which is often used
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DI TR 86-010
November 1986
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The ELN is a member, along with the M-19 and the
People's Liberation Army, of the National Guerrilla
Coordinating Board (CNG), which plans and
coordinates joint guerrilla operations against the
government. Although it has previously criticized
these groups, as well as FARO, for participating in
the government-sponsored peace negotiations, the
ELN has cooperated with the member groups in joint
operations. The M-19 a eared to be the linchpin of
the CNG, but the
ELN may be assuming the mantle as the leading
guerrilla group in the CNG.
Changing Tactics
Although the ELN has maintained its rural fronts
since its inception, recently the group has become
noteworthy for its use of urban terrorist tactics. On
3 September 1985, elements of the group, possibly in
conjunction with the M-19, staged a series of
coordinated attacks against US businesses throughout
In May of this year, the
ELN staged low-level attacks at several US-related
educational facilities in Bogota. Since that time,
however, attacks by the group suggest a probable
escalation of economic sabotage against foreign firms
and other "imperialist influences."
the ELN has also kidnaped executives and technicians
of companies involved in oil exploration and the
construction of pipelines in the Arauca region of
northeastern Colombia. Using funds obtained from
the ransoms for these employees, the ELN has
consolidated its forces in the Arauca area. The ELN
has also adopted the tactic of direct strikes against the
economic infrastructure. On 14 July, ELN guerrillas
bombed two sections of the Occidental-Shell-
Ecopetrol oil pipeline near the Venezuelan border.
The pipeline normally carries about 150,000 barrels
of crude oil per day. The bombing forced the
temporary suspension of production. On 22 July
elements of the group attacked another section of the
pipeline. An ELN spokesman said that the attack was
part of a series of actions "that will destroy the
pipeline so as to prevent the multinationals from
taking away the oil." Between March and April of
this year, the ELN destroyed three helicopters
belonging to oil firms and robbed several oil company
trucks, taking about $80,000.
On 7 June the Venezuelan Ministry of Defense
announced an attack against a Venezuelan border
outpost southwest of Caracas. Various press reports
indicate that the group responsible consisted of ELN
members acting on behalf of the CNG. On the
following day, 25 to 30 ELN guerrillas attacked
another Venezuelan post in an attempt to acquire
arms. In addition to obtaining weapons, the border
attacks by the ELN probably were intended to gain
support from Colombian and Venezuelan peasants in
the border area.
Outlook
The ELN views the presence in Colombia of foreign,
especially US, firms as harmful and has sought to
stymie foreign investment in Colombia through
attacks on these companies. Thus far police and
military forces in the region have been unable to
prevent ELN sabotage and terrorist activities. With
the financial windfall from its kidnaping and
extortion operations, the ELN is now able to upgrade
its military capabilities and improve its previously
neglected propaganda operations. The expanded
military strength and increased local support that will
probably result from these improved capabilities will,
in our view, make ELN activities, both in Arauca and
throughout the country, even more difficult for the
Colombian Government to counter. Its improved
capabilities, combined with the recent growth in its
membership, indicate that the ELN will probably
become a greater threat to domestic order and may
well undermine government attempts to attract new
foreign investment.
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India: Sikh Extremists
on the Defensive
Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's response to the
Sikh militants has shifted from ahands-off to a get-
tough strategy. New Delhi drove Sikh extremists out
of the Golden Temple in Amritsar with its April 1986
raid and continues counterterrorist operations in
Punjab to weaken the underground movement. Since
the June 1984 Army assault on the temple that killed
Sant Jarnail Bhindranwale, the charismatic Sikh
militant leader, the extremists have tried with little
success to overcome the personal rivalries among their
leaders, differences over tactics, and conflicting
priorities that have characterized the movement.
congregation, and began dismantling the "impure"
repairs to the temple made by Army personnel
following the assault in June 1984.
Hindu passengers
The militants, however, still pose a significant
terrorist threat. Deprived of the high-visibility haven
offered by the Golden Temple in the past, they
resorted to their most spectacular terrorist attacks.
Sikh militants assassinated Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi following their 1984 ouster from the temple.
They also placed transistor radio bombs in crowded
urban locations to attract public attention to their
separatist cause and to weaken the legitimacy of Sikh
moderates and the authorities in New Delhi.
Following their forced exit from the temple in early
1986, the extremists staged a machinegun attack in a
crowded market in May and a bus hijacking in July
that ended with the roadside murders of all of its
Militant Tactics and Targets
Sikh militants during 1986 targeted Sikh moderates,
Hindus, and, more recently, security forces. In
January the All India Sikh Student Foundation
(AISSF) and Damdami Taksal followers successfully
challenged the Sikh religious moderates. Leaders of
both groups put aside their differences long enough to
seize control of the Golden Temple from the Sikh
clerical hierarchy nominally aligned with Punjab
Chief Minister Barnala and the moderate United
Akali Dal (UAD) party. The militants claimed the
titles and authority held by the moderate Sikh temple
management committee, called a meeting of the Sikh
With the Golden Temple once again their base of
operations, all three factions tried to strengthen their
political influence among the Sikh populace. The
militants held press briefings and used loudspeakers to
publicize their political message. The AISSF
leadership regularly accused Barnala and other
moderate Sikhs of selling out Sikh interests to Hindu
sympathizers in New Delhi. The AISSF and the
Damdami Taksal also organized voluntary labor to 25X1
tear down and reconstruct the inner sanctum of the
temple. They excluded Hindus, who traditionally
participated in such voluntary labor projects. The
UAD organized a march and demonstration that
forced the adjournment of the state assembly.
The arrest of Mokam Singh, leader of the Damdami
Taksal, in March precipitated intense jockeying for
dominance of the militant movement,
that destroyed the fragile alliance
among the radical factions. While conservative cleric
Baba Thakar Singh took over nominal leadership of
the Taksal, the AISSF and the UAD competed for
Mokam Singh's followers. A month later the AISSF
split into contending factions headed by Kahlon and
Manjit Singh. The squabbling probably contributed
to a temporary lull in violence in Punjab in late
March.
In a dramatic move to assert their leadership and
topple the moderate Sikh state government, five
AISSF leaders-including Kahlon-declared
independence for Khalistan from the temple precincts
in late April. The move backfired, however, when
New Delhi orchestrated a sweep of the Golden
Temple by security forces. The five militant leaders
escaped, but security forces detained at least 300
militants, according to press accounts. Barnala's
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Secret
Sikh militants are divided into three major factions:
the religious fundamentalists (Damdami Taksal), the
"student" activists (All India Sikh Student
Federation-AISSF), and a catchall splinter group
(United Akali Dal). Some members of the Damdami
Taksal and AISSF probably make up the small cells
that carry out terrorist operations.
Damdami Taksal. Sikh militant juundamentalists
have taken the namefor their groupfrom a centuries-
old Sikh religious seminary, the Damdami Taksal,
which Bhindranwale attended. Members are
outspoken in their beliel'that Sikhism must be
protected against absorption by Hinduism and
cleansed 4f secular i~tfluences represented by New
Delhi. Mohkam Singh controlled the Taksal until his
arrest in March 1986. An older, more conservative
cleric, Baba Thakar Singh, has since taken over and
is attempting to mediate between the student
hardliners and the juundamentalists.
AISSF. Police arrested the leader of the powerful
AISSF, Harinder Singh Kahlon, in July 1986.
Kahlon had turned the AISSF into the most active
extremist group in Punjab since Bhindranwale's
death. The AISSF espouses violence to undermine
the authority of the central and state governments
that oppose the establishment of a separate Sikh
state named Khalistan. Kahlon helped lead the
militant takeover 4f the Golden Temple in January
decision to take credit for the security operation at the
temple weakened his political strength in Punjab.
Some Akali Dal members in the state assembly
withdrew their support for Barnala, but with Congress
party support Barnala retains control of the state
government.
Since the militants lost their platform in the temple
and were forced underground, they have resorted to
terrorist attacks to press their cause. Two incidents in
which Sikh extremists murdered Hindus-an attack
in a crowded market in Amritsar in which 11 people
died and a bus hijacking in which 14 passengers were
1986, pushed the Khalistan declaration 4f
independence in April that prompted New Delhi and
the moderate Sikh government in Punjab to order
another security sweep of the temple, and supported a
.five-member Panthic Committee (Committee of the
Faith) to lend religious legitimacy to the Khalistan
declaration.
Manjit Singh formed a separate AISSFjaction in
mid-April 1986, accusing Kahlon of usurping his
authority. The two AISSFlactions spent much of the
time they held the Golden Temple bickering with
each other, according to Indian press accounts.
Manjit Singh created his own religious legitimizing
group, the Panthic Presidium, to counter the
authority claimed by Kahlon's committee and the
moderate Sikh temple management committee.
UAD. Led by Baba Joginder Singh, octogenarian
.father of Bhindranwale this catchall faction prefers
nonviolent political demonstrations to advance Sikh
militant grievances against New Delhi and moderate
Sikhs. The UAD led an unsucces.~ful boycott 4f state
and national elections in September 1985. Despite the
UAD's lack of success, Joginder Singh has support
.from some militant followers loyal to his son and
from rural Sikhs who never were comfortable with
either the "student" extremists or the educated Sikh
moderates who occupy government jobs in the state
and national capitals.
killed-have touched off Hindu departures from
Punjab and raised communal tensions across the
country. Following the bus hijacking, Hindu-Sikh
clashes broke out in New Delhi. In contrast to the
violence after Indira Gandhi's assassination that cost
over 2,000 Sikh lives, the recent clashes resulted in
only four deaths, as curfews and Army and security
force patrols were ordered in at the first sign of
trouble. Sikh militants have also continued their
attacks on Hindu chauvinist and Communist
politicians who protested Sikh violence and have
clashed more frequently with Punjab police and
Border Security Force personnel conducting
counterterrorist operations.
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New DeWi Uses Sikh Moderates as Fig Leaf
New Delhi essentially watched events from the
sidelines following Gandhi's signing of the Punjab
Accords and state elections in 1985, perhaps hoping
the newly elected Sikh moderates would isolate and
weaken the militants on their own.
The militants' retaking of the Golden Temple and
New Delhi's failure to arrange the transfer of
Chandigarh-the capital territory shared between
Punjab and the mostly Hindu neighboring state of
Haryana-in late January 1986 marked the end of
Gandhi's hands-off policy. New Delhi probably
calculated that it could no longer stand by while
Barnala lost the struggle with the extremists. To avoid
becoming the direct target of the Sikh militants,
however, Gandhi orchestrated New Delhi's response
to the militants through the security and political
apparatus of the state government in Punjab. ~~
On the security front, New Delhi has worked through
state officials:
? Barnala named Julius Rebeiro chief of the
beleaguered and corrupt Punjab police force.
Rebeiro has integrated state police and security
forces controlled by New Delhi for some
counterterrorist operations.
? According to Indian press accounts, Rebeiro's
operations have eliminated 10 of 38 top-ranking
Sikh terrorists and captured more than 100
extremists, including 12 "hardcore" members.
? New Delhi publicly put its resources at the disposal
of Barnala's state government.
? Barnala ordered the paramilitary incursion into the
Golden Temple in April this year.
? Barnala has called on New Delhi to tighten security
along the Indian-Pakistani border to prevent alleged
smuggling and cross-border movement by Sikh
militants.
On the political side, Gandhi has taken some steps to
counter the appeal of the Sikh extremists:
? He ordered his bureaucrats to settle promptly all
outstanding compensation claims from Sikh victims
of the riots after his mother's assassination.
? He convened the dormant National Integration
Council in New Delhi that issued public statements
in support of the Barnala government.
? He named a Sikh, Buta Singh, to head the Home
Ministry and added a second Sikh to his Cabinet as
Agriculture Minister
Sikh Militant Prospects
Sikh militants are once again operating underground
without established leadership-the leaders of the
Damdami Taksal and the AISSF have both been
arrested. We expect the competition to take over these
organizations to be intense. The Indian press
speculates that Akali Dal dissidents may attempt to
forge a coalition with their contacts in the Taksal and
AISSF. Another press report suggests that Kahlon,
the jailed AISSF leader, may soon be moved from
Punjab to a jail closer to New Delhi to facilitate
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Sikh extremists will necessarily attempt to provoke
Hindus and New Delhi into retaliatory acts that
offend the sensibilities of estranged Sikhs in India. It
is this cycle of retaliation that offers the most promise
for rallying Sikh support for the extremists and for
creating through migration a de facto Sikh state in
Punjab. The militants probably can expect to receive
additional support toward these ends from Sikhs
outside India.
New Delhi probably can further weaken the Sikh
extremist movement by continuing counterterrorist
operations:
? The central government's chances of continued
success depend heavily on Police Chief Rebeiro's
ability to strengthen and integrate state and on local
police to improve intelligence collection, speed of
response, and morale. The Indian press reports that
Rebeiro will have a difficult time restoring public
confidence in the Punjab police-a force the press
claims is riddled with militant Sikh sympathizers.
? Rebeiro has cautioned that additional training,
weapons, and confidence-building measures will be
necessary to change the police and paramilitary
forces into an effective counterterrorist force-a
process he says could take years.
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? We believe Rebeiro faces a high risk of
assassination that probably would unravel the gains
in the morale and effectiveness of security forces.
? New Delhi, in coming weeks, is likely to establish a
5-kilometer-wide strip along the Indian-Pakistani
border through Punjab to curtail alleged infiltration
of Pakistani-trained Sikhs and arms from Pakistan.
Army troops, rather than paramilitary forces under
Rebeiro's command, probably would be responsible
for security in key districts.
New Delhi cannot expect, however, to eliminate Sikh
militancy until it addresses longstanding Sikh
grievances:
? Gandhi's moves this spring and summer to enlist
national political support for the moderate Sikh
Barnala government in Punjab suggest he still hopes
to enact commission recommendations on territorial
transfers and water sharing between Punjab and
neighboring Haryana.
? New Delhi probably will continue to prop up a Sikh
government in Punjab at least through 1986-
calculating that a buffer is needed to prevent
recurrence of the direct confrontations between the
militants and the central government that tend to
win the extremists' popular support in Punjab.
? Gandhi has said publicly he is willing to talk with
any Sikh group that renounces violence and
Khalistan-opening the door for discussions with a
host of dissident religious and political factions. In
our view, Gandhi's flexibility is designed to appeal
to Sikh moderates and to guard against Sikh
militant efforts to discredit Barnala by equating him
with New Delhi.
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An Overview of International
Terrorism, January-June 1986
International terrorist attacks are on the rise, and the
United States continues to be a favorite target.
During the first six months of 1986, nearly 450
international terrorist incidents occurred worldwide-
a 25-percent increase over the comparable period last
year.' Of these, some 125 attacks~r one-fourth of
the total-were directed against US interests:
? As in recent years, international terrorism continues
to be a problem of the Middle East. More than half
of all international terrorist incidents recorded for
the first six months of 1986 occurred in the Middle
East.
? About 20 percent of the international terrorist
attacks for the six-month period occurred in
Western Europe, down slightly from the 1985 total.
Despite some government counterterrorist successes,
indigenous terrorist organizations-among them
West Germany's Red Army Faction (RAF) and
France's Action Directe (AD)--continued to stage
attacks. In early July the RAF claimed
responsibility for the assassination of Siemens
executive Karl-Heinz Beckurts near his home in a
Munich suburb. That same month, AD carried out
four attacks against French interests, including an
attack against a police headquarters that left one
dead and some 20 persons injured.
? During the six-month period, Latin America
accounted for 15 percent of international terrorism,
although international terrorism continues to be a
small subset of all political violence in the region.
Peru, Chile, and Colombia were the venue for most
such terrorism.
? In the first six months of 1986, there were about as
many international terrorist incidents in Asia as
there were for all of 1985. Among the more
significant events were the series of homemade
rockets fired at the State Guest House in Tokyo by
the leftist Japanese group Chukaku-ha (Nucleus
Faction), as heads of government were arriving for
the Economic Summit in early May. Although the
rockets missed their target, and caused only
minimal damage, the incident caused great
embarrassment to the Nakasone government.
In the first half of 1986, Libya, Syria, and Iran
continued to be active in supporting terrorism. Tripoli
and Damascus were involved in dramatic incidents
that were departures from their previous patterns of
terrorist-related activity. Libya sponsored attacks in
April against US diplomatic personnel in Khartoum,
Sudan, and Sanaa, Yemen Arab Republic; and Syria
almost certainly was behind the attempted bombing
of an El Al jetliner in London in mid-April. Iran,
following a period of inactivity on the terrorist front,
is suspected of involvement in a series of bombing
attacks against Kuwaiti oil facilities on 17 June.
The United States was a frequent target of
international terrorism in the first half of the year. In
the first six months of 1986, 10 Americans died at the
hands of international terrorists, and some 80 were
wounded:
? Forty percent of all international terrorist attacks
against US persons and property for the half year
occurred in Latin America, particularly in Peru,
Chile, and Colombia. In Peru, the Maoist insurgent
movement Sendero Luminoso increasingly has
attacked urban targets, and the United States has
borne the brunt of much of its activity directed
against foreigners. Chile and Colombia, as in 1985,
have continued to be principal venues for anti-US
terrorism. Twice as many anti-US incidents
occurred in Latin America during the month of
April as occurred in any other region in any other
month during the period.
Secret
DI TR 86-010
November / 986
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? Leftist groups in West Germany accounted for some
10 incidents-or one-fourth-of all anti-US
violence in Western Europe for the first half of
1986. Most of these were low-level attacks directed
against military installations.
? Some 15 international terrorist incidents were
directed against US interests in the Middle East
during the first half of 1986. This level is roughly
the same as the total number of anti-US incidents in
the region for all of 1985. So far this year, most of
the anti-US violence has occurred in Lebanon.
The highest level of international terrorist activity in
the first half of 1986-well over 100 incidents-took
place in April. Some of these attacks probably were a
response to US naval operations in the Gulf of Sidra
in late March and subsequent airstrikes on Tripoli
and Banghazi in mid-April. Past experience
demonstrates that a dramatic upsurge in international
terrorist incidents usually occurs in the immediate
aftermath of significant political or military events. In
the wake of the Israeli incursion into Lebanon in June
1982, for example, a rash of international terrorist
incidents occurred worldwide, with many claimants
linking their actions to solidarity with the Arab
victims.
Terrorist operations continue to become more
indiscriminate in nature, reflecting apparent
disregard for the fate of bystanders and others not
specifically targeted. In the early-April bombing of
the La Belle discotheque in West Berlin, for example,
two people died, and more than 200 persons of various
nationalities were wounded (another died from his
injuries two months later). The total number of
casualties for the first half of 1986-more than
1,250-increased by nearly 30 percent for the
comparable period in 1985. The number of fatalities
dropped substantially-by more than one-third-
while the number of persons wounded increased by
well over 100 percent. Forty-five percent of all
casualties in 1986 occurred during April.
During the first half of 1986, more than one-fifth of
all international terrorist incidents were conducted
against business targets. This reflects the growing
trend in terrorist attacks against more vulnerable, less
protected targets as security increases around
diplomatic and military installations. The number of
attacks against business interests worldwide exceeded
the combined total of attacks against diplomatic and
military targets for the period.
Bombings remained the favored type of attack, used
in nearly 60 percent of all incidents for the period.
Counted among these were some 14 vehicle bombings,
employed most frequently in the Middle East.
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Chronology of Significant Terrorist Incidents, January-July 1986
Lebanon: In West Beirut five gunmen kidnaped the second secretary at the South
Korean Embassy. His current status is unknown. The Organization of the
Oppressed and two previously unknown groups-the "Fighting Revolutionary
Cells," which provided a photograph of the diplomat, and the "Green Brigades,"
which demanded ransom~laimed responsibility.
France: In Paris a bomb exploded in a large shopping complex, injuring at least 26
persons, including one American. The Committee for Solidarity with Arab and
Near Eastern Political Prisoners, a covername used by the Lebanese Armed
Revolutionary Faction, claimed responsibility.
10 February Italy: In Florence terrorists assassinated the former mayor of Florence, Lando
Conti. The Red Brigades claimed responsibility.
Italy: In Rome members of the Union of Communist Combatants shot and
wounded residential economics adviser Antonio da Empoli. Da Empoli's
bodyguard killed one of the four terrorists, and the Italian police reportedly
arrested two others. The Union of Communist Combatants may be associated with
.the Red Brigades.
2 March West Bank: The pro-Jordanian mayor of Nablus was assassinated outside City
Hall by an unidentified gunman.
West Bank: In Jerusalem an American tourist was shot by unidentified assailants.
The man, probably mistaken for an Israeli, was slightly wounded. The anti-Arafat
Palestinian group Abu Musa was most likely responsible.
8 March Lebanon: In West Beirut four members of a French television crew were kidnaped,
possibly by a faction of Hizballah. Two of the captives were released on 20 June.
Egypt: In Cairo the wife of an Israeli Embassy employee was killed and three
other Israelis were wounded when terrorists ambushed their car while they were
leaving the Cairo Trade Fair. The attack was claimed by a group calling itself
Egypt's Revolution.
Japan: In Tokyo three homemade incendiary rockets were fired into the grounds of
the US Embassy, and two rockets were fired into the grounds of the Imperial
Palace. None of the rockets did any damage or caused any casualties, although one
rocket landed on the roof of the Embassy. The radical leftist Battle Flag Faction
claimed responsibility. Other leftist groups conducted homemade rocket attacks in
the following weeks in efforts to derail the Economic Summit.
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Bolivia: In La Paz a previously unknown group calling itself "Los Commandos del
Pueblo" claimed responsibility for a dynamite explosion at the US Embassy. The
incident caused minor damage and no casualties. In a communique sent to a local
radio station, the group said it acted in retaliation for US aggression against
Libya, Nicaragua, and other Third World countries.
Lebanon: In West Beirut two British citizens were kidnaped. Their bodies, along
with that of American hostage Peter Kilburn, were discovered on 17 April. The
note accompanying the bodies said they had been executed in retaliation for the
US raid on Libya. Kilburn was kidnaped in West Beirut in November 1984.
29 March West Germany: In West Berlin the German-Arab Friendship Union was bombed.
Three Palestinians were implicated in the attack.
18 April
Greece: A bomb exploded aboard TWA Flight 840 as it approached Athens,
killing four Americans and injuring nine other persons. Although it was damaged
severely, the plane was able to make an emergency landing in Athens. A previously
unknown group, the "Arab Revolutionary Cells," claimed responsibility for the
incident in a communique issued from Beirut. The major suspect in the case
remains a Lebanese woman with ties to the Syrian-backed Syrian Social
Nationalist Party.
West Germany: A bomb explosion inside a popular West Berlin nightclub, the La
Belle discotheque, killed two persons-including one US serviceman-and injured
more than 200, including 60 Americans. Another US soldier died two months
later. A Palestinian was arrested in connection with the bombing. Libya is believed
to have sponsored the attack.
Thailand: A bomb exploded at Bangkok's Erawan Hotel, killing one person and
wounding two others. US Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger was scheduled
to attend a dinner there later that evening. No group claimed responsibility.
Sudan: Unidentified assailants shot and seriously wounded a US Embassy
employee in Khartoum. Black September claimed responsibility. Libya is believed
to have sponsored the attack.
United Kingdom: London police arrested an Irish woman at Heathrow Airport as
she attempted to board an El Al flight with a suitcase bomb. Her Palestinian
boyfriend, who planted the explosives, was arrested two days later. In his
confession, he stated that Syrian officials were extensively involved in assisting
him.
Greece: In Athens gunmen killed Dimitros Angelopoulos, director of Greece's
largest iron and steel works, as he walked to work. The Greek terrorist group
Revolutionary Organization 17 November claimed responsibility.
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18 April
23 April
25 April
3 May
Turkey: Turkish authorities thwarted a plot by Libyans to stage a grenade attack
against the US Officers' Club in Ankara. According to the Turkish indictment of
five Libyans implicated in the attempt, about 100 persons were attending a
wedding party at the time the attack was scheduled to occur.
Lebanon: The Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims-a covername
used by Abu Nidal~laimed that it had executed British UN employee Alec
Collett, who was abducted in Khaldah in March 1985. In a communique, the
group asserted that it had murdered Collett in retaliation for British support of the
US raid on Libya.
Yemen Arab Republic: In Sanaa an unidentified assailant shot and wounded a US
Embassy communications officer near his residence. Libya is believed to have
sponsored the attack.
Sri Lanka: Tamil separatists bombed an Air Lanka passenger jet preparing to take
off from Colombo for the Maldives. The blast blew the tail off the jet and killed 16
people.
Japan: In Tokyo the leftist radical group Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction) fired five
homemade rockets at the State Guest House, where heads of government were
arriving for the Economic Summit. The rockets, which missed their target, caused
no injuries and only minimal damage.
Indonesia: In Jakarta two mortar projectiles were fired at the US and Japanese
Embassies, but both failed to explode. An hour later, a car bomb exploded in the
parking lot of an office building housing the Canadian Embassy and destroyed at
least six cars. The previously unknown "Anti-Imperialist International Brigade"
claimed responsibility for the attacks, stating that they were conducted in
retaliation for the antiterrorism declarations of the Tokyo Economic Summit
earlier that month. Jakarta police found the fingerprints of a member of the
Japanese Red Army at one of the launchsites.
Kuwait: A bomb exploded at an oil well near Kuwait City, and two blasts occurred
at manifolds near Kuwait's oil tank farms, causing considerable damage. Iran is
believed to have sponsored the attack.
Peru: A bomb exploded aboard a tourist train that travels from Cuzco to Machu
Picchu, killing eight persons, including one American, and wounding 36 others,
including eight Americans. An American teenager died of her injuries several days
later.
Spain: A suitcase bomb exploded at the El Al counter at Madrid airport during an
inspection. Thirteen persons were injured, three seriously. The arrested terrorist
said he was a member of Abu Musa, an anti-Arafat Palestinian group.
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France: LARF Lashes Out
The Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF)
reemerged in September from six months of self-
imposed restraint by attacking French targets in a
new wave of bombings designed to force the French
Government to release LARF's imprisoned leader,
George Abdallah. But the plan seems to have
backfired. In August most observers believed Prime
Minister Chirac would release Abdallah this fall. The
bombings, however, caused a hardening in French
public opinion against terrorists. The French
Government decided not to release Abdallah but to
try him in February 1987. Paris probably contacted
other LARF members, through intermediaries, in
order to end the violence.
Although the group is quiet now, it probably retains
some capability to resume bombings in France.
LARF could begin attacks on US interests out of
frustration at the US role in keeping Abdallah in jail.
The group has also threatened to carry out attacks in
Italy, which holds two other LARF members, but it
lacks the capability to pressure both Paris and Rome
at the same time; it is most likely to shift its focus to
Italian targets if Abdallah is freed.
LARF's Latest Attacks
In an attempt to press Chirac into releasing Abdallah,
LARF members set off a series of bombs in Paris in
September reminiscent of the cluster of attacks
carried out during the period December 1985-March
1986. They were conducted against "soft" targets,
designed to cause large numbers of civilian casualties
and to exert maximum pressure on French
authorities:
? On 4 September a bomb partially detonated aboard
a subway train at the Gare de Lyon. There were no
casualties, but the bomb could have caused as many
as 200 deaths had it exploded as planned.
? On 8 September the post office in the Paris City
Hall (the building housing an office of Prime
Minister Chirac, who is also Mayor of Paris) was
bombed. One woman was killed and at least 18
other persons were injured.
? On 12 September a bomb went off near a
department store cafeteria in the La Defense
shopping complex, wounding 42 persons.
? On 14 September a waiter discovered a bomb in the
crowded Pub Renault on the Champs Elysees. It
exploded as he and two policemen were carrying it
to a parking garage, killing one of the policemen
and wounding the waiter and the second policeman.
The second policeman later died of his wounds.
? On 15 September Paris Police Prefecture
Headquarters on the Ile de la Cite was bombed; one
person was killed and 51 others were injured.
? On 17 September two men in a car deposited a
bomb on the sidewalk in front of the Tati clothing
store on the Rue de Rennes in the Montparnasse
area, killing five persons and wounding as many as
60 others.
The Committee for Solidarity With Arab and Middle
Eastern Political Prisoners (CSPPA}-a LARF
covername~laimed responsibility for all these
bombings and renewed its demand for the freein of
Abdallah and two other terrorists.
Secret
DI TR 86-010
November 1986
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LARF is believed to have been responsible for a series
of bombings in the winter of 1985:
? On 7 December bombs exploded in the Galeries
LgJayette and Printemps department stores on
Boulevard Haussmann, injuring 35 persons.
? On 3 February a bomb exploded in the Hotel
Claridge shopping arcade on the Champs Elysees,
injuring eight persons. On the same day, a bomb
was jound on the Ei,~"el Tower and dej'used.
? On 4 February the Gibert-Jeune bookstore on
Boulevard Saint Michel was bombed, wounding
four persons.
? On S February the FNAC sports shop in the Forum
des Halles was the target oj'a bombing,? nine
persons were injured.
? On 17 March a bomb went o,/j'aboard the high
speed train,from Paris to Lyon, injuring 10 persons.
? On 20 March the just deaths occurred when a
bomb exploded in the Point Chaud shopping arcade
on the Champs Elysees, leaving two dead and 28
wounded. On the same day another bomb was
,found and dej'used aboard a subway train at the
Chatelet station. This bomb and the EiJj'el Tower
bomb were similar in construction to the 4
September Gare de Lyon device.
France Strikes Back
No bombings have occurred since 17 September.
French police have intensified their counterterrorist
efforts since then, but we doubt they have damaged
LARF's capabilities to operate. Rather, publicity
about LARF members has probably caused them to
flee or go underground. Paris issued arrest warrants
and posters on 15 September for two Abdallah
brothers, Robert and Maurice, for the pub bombing
the day before, but the two held a public news
conference on 16 September in northern Lebanon.
After the Tati bombing, the police put out similar
warrants and posters for Emil Abdallah and Salim al-
Khuri on the basis of eyewitness accounts that the
former delivered the bomb and the latter drove the
car. Emil also appeared in northern Lebanon the next
day. When the police issued warrants and photos for
nine LARF suspects, seven of them surfaced in
Lebanon to declare their innocence. French police
believe Abdallah clan members actually conducted
the attacks, then fled to Lebanon, and they have
produced airline schedules and eyewitnesses to
support this contention.
On 14 September, in the wake of the first three
bombings in Paris, Prime Minister Chirac announced
broad new measures to fight the current terrorist
bombing campaign:
? Visas will henceforth be required for all visitors to
France, except citizens of the European Community
and Switzerland.
? Army troops will assist police and customs officials
in border control.
? The government will strengthen cooperation with
foreign governments in order to fight terrorism.
? French police and security services will improve
cooperation among themselves and strengthen
security in public places.
? The government will take steps to control the
movement of known terrorists and immediately
expel anyone suspected of assisting "extremists."~
Thus far, the government is sticking to its tougher
visa policy in the face of international objections,
increased security measures in Paris are plainly
visible, and 12 Lebanese suspects (two with ties to
George Abdallah) have already been expelled.
French police found two explosives caches in
September, and this may have contributed to the lull
in bomb attacks. On 17 September authorities
announced the uncovering of a 40-kilogram cache of
explosives of Swedish origin-grenades, detonators,
and detonator wire. The explosives belonged to the
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
and were discovered following information obtained
from one of 12 Lebanese arrested early in the
investigation. All 12 were deported, although no
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connection to the bombings could be proved. We
believe the bombers may have had PFLP help, but it
is not clear whether their explosives came from this
lot. On 20 September the police were led to another
cache 145 kilometers east of Paris by an Iranian who
was later arrested along with three other Iranians.
This cache contained 15 kilograms of explosives, 200
meters of fuse wire, and a firearm, but again no
connection to the bombing campaign could be
demonstrated.
Paris: Public Outcry, Private Deal
After the March 1986 bombings, French officials
reportedly arranged a truce with LARF pending
Abdallah's release, expected to occur in August. In
July, however, Abdallah was convicted of weapons
offenses in Lyon and sentenced to four years in prison.
Under French law he could have been freed after
serving half of his sentence (including pretrial
confinement)-that is, in late October 1986 (not
counting time off for good behavior). LARF
apparently became impatient with the pace of French
justice, which had been slowed somewhat by US
Government pressure not to release Abdallah.
Probably in hopes of prodding the government, LARF
revived the CSPPA for a new round of bombing
attacks.
Until the September wave of bombings, it still
appeared that Abdallah probably would be released in
late October, after serving half of his four-year
sentence. Most observers expected a judicial decision
not to prosecute him in connection with the 1982
murders of US and Israeli diplomats. Increasing
public pressure not to give in to terrorists, especially
after the outrage over the Tati bombing on
17 September, made this an untenable option. On
26 September, after two weeks of tough antiterrorist
talk by Prime Minister Chirac and other officials, the
Minister of Justice publicly stated that Abdallah
would be tried for complicity in those murders,
probably by February. A preliminary hearing is
expected in November
Attacks in Lebanon
In August and September, four members of the
French peacekeeping forces in southern Lebanon were
killed-by bomb, machinegun fire, and attacks by
militia forces, primarily the pro-Iranian Hizballah-
and 20 others were wounded. In addition, at least two
French citizens were apparently kidnaped in Beirut
(one subsequently escaped). On 18 September alone,
the day after the single worst bombing in Paris, two
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members of the French contingent of the UN Interim
Force in Lebanon were killed, and a French military
attache was assassinated as he arrived at the
Embassy. Coming on the heels of the bombings in
Paris, it is possible that some of the anti-French
violence in Beirut had been inspired by the campaign
in France. There is no evidence, however, of any
connection between the attacks in Paris and Lebanon.
LARF's Next Moves
LARF could renew its bombing campaign if Abdallah
is not released after a trial, now scheduled for
February 1987. LARF may once again conduct
selective assassinations, but probably recognizes that
such attacks represent higher risks than bombings. As
long as the group wishes to achieve maximum
publicity and exert maximum pressure on the French
Government, indiscriminate bombings are likely to
remain the weapon of choice.
Implications
Italy could be the next victim of a resurgent LARF. It
has two leading members of the group serving long
jail sentences. The CSPPA has already threatened to
conduct attacks in Rome like those in Paris if these
two-Josephine Abdu and Abdallah al-Mansuri-are
not released. We could expect a shift in focus to Rome
once George Abdallah is released. We have no
evidence that LARF has sufficient resources to mount
a sustained campaign in Italy in the near future, but it
might attack Italian interests in the Middle East.
Before the 1984 arrest of Abdallah in France and the
1984 and 1985 arrests of Abdu and Al-Mansuri in
Italy, LARF represented the most lethal threat to US
officials in Western Europe-killing or wounding five
in France and Italy in little more than two years.
LARF, through the CSPPA, has publicly condemned
the US pressure on France in the Abdallah case and
threatened to bring its bombing campaign to the
United States. We judge that LARF does not have
the needed infrastructure to undertake such
operations in the United States, but the group could
resume attacking American officials or begin
attacking places where Americans congregate, in
Europe or the Middle East.
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1 December 1640
1 December 1918
1 December 1918
1 December 1940
1 December 1958
2 December 1971
2 December 1975
2 December 1980
2 December 1985
3 December 1934
4 December 1892
S December 1982
6 December 1917
7 December 1920
7 December 1960
8 December 1974
8 December 1982
9 December 1961
9 December 1962
10 December 1956
The Terrorism Diary for December
event.
Below is a compendium o.1'December dates of known or conceivable significance to
terrorists around the world. Our inclusion of a date or event should not by itseU
be construed to suggest that we expect or anticipate a commemorative terrorist
Portugal. Independence Day.
Iceland. Independence Day.
Yugoslavia. First independent state constituted.
Thailand. Founding of Communist Party.
Central African Republic. National Day (proclamation of republic).
United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi National Day (federation of independent
emirates took effect).
Laos. National Day (proclamation of republic).
E! Salvador. Murder of four American nuns by government troops.
Philippines. Military officers acquitted in Aquino trial.
Peru. Birthday of Sendero Luminoso leader Abimail Guzman.
Spain. Generalissimo Francisco Franco's birthday.
Spain. Death of GRAPO leader Martin Luna.
Finland. National Day (commemorates independence from Russia).
Burma. Student uprising against British rule.
Ivory Coast. Independence Day.
Greece. Declaration of parliamentary republic.
Suriname. Execution of 15 opposition leaders.
Tanzania. Independence Day.
Tanzania. Republic Day.
Angola. Founding of Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).
Secret
DI TR 86-010
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10 December 1966
11 December 1958
12 December 1963
12 December 1964
12 December 1979
13 December 1974
14 December 1983
16 December 1961
16 December 1961
16 December 1971
16 December 1971
16 December 1972
17 December 1907
18 December 1958
21 December 1923
21 December 1948
21 December 1967
23 December 1956
24 December 1951
25 December
25 December 1876
25 December 1979
Middle East. Founding of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).
Burkina. Republic Day.
Kenya. Independence Day.
Kenya. Republic Day.
Europe. NATO decision to modernize nuclear forces by installing Pershing II and
ground-launched cruise missiles.
Kuwait. Bombing of US Embassy and other facilities by members of Iraqi Dawa
Party.
Malta. Republic Day.
Chile. Founding of Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR).
Bahrain. Accession of Shaykh Isa bin Salman Al Kalifah.
South Africa. Founding of military arm of African National Congress (ANC),
Umkonto we Sitzwe.
Bangladesh. Victory Day (de facto independence).
Bangladesh. Republican constitution becomes effective.
Bhutan. National Day.
Niger. Republic Day.
Nepal. Independence Day.
Ireland. Proclamation of republic.
Palestinians. Founding of Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
Egypt. Victory Day (withdrawal of foreign forces from Port Said and Suez).
Libya. Independence Day.
Christian world. Christmas.
Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam's birthday.
Afghanistan. Beginning of occupation of Soviet troops.
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27 December
27 December 1949
28 December
28 December 1945
30 December 1896
31 December 1964
Jl December 1968
China. Mao Zedong's birthday.
Philippines. Communist Party of the Philippines founded by Jose Maria Sison on
Mao's birthday.
Jewish world. Chanukah (Festival of Lights) begins (ends on 3 January).
Indonesia. Transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands.
Latin America. Equivalent of US April Fools' Day-traditionally sees many
hoaxes and bomb threats.
Nepal. National Day (the king's birthday).
Philippines. Execution of national hero Jose Rizal.
Afghanistan. People's Democratic Party founded.
Philippines. Founding of Communist Party/Marxist-Leninist.
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Chronology of Terrorism-1986
this publication are not included.
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international events involving
terrorists, or the use of terrorist tactics, that have occurred or come to light since
our latest issue. In some cases, the perpetrators and their motivations may not be
known. Events and developments that have already been described elsewhere in
custody in February
Italy: Red Brigades memberJlees house arrest in Frascati. Giovanni Alimonti had
been accused of membership in an armed group and was released to probationary
for Action Directe members.
France: Lyon court charges woman claiming to be "victim"of Action Directe with
receiving stolen items. Pascale Turin admitted using her apartment as a safehouse
claimed responsibility.
Netherlands: Amsterdam police defuse two bombs found near train station. One
bomb had been placed at a restaurant and the other at a local department store.
Although an anonymous phone call tipped off police to the bombs, no one has
thought to be members of the ETA's "legal" Commando Orbaiceta.
Spain: Police arrest three alleged members of Basque Fatherland and Liberty
(ETA) cEf'ter failed grenade attack along Bilbao waterfront. A fourth suspect
escaped, but the arrests led police to an ETA weapons cache. The detainees are
in jail at the time.
West Germany: Firebomb attack on USAir Force vehicle in West Berlin causes
minor damage. Police found the slogans "Support the hunger strike of the CCC
prisoners" and "Fight against NATO" painted on a nearby wall. No group has
claimed responsibility, but the attack may have been conducted in support of
leaders of the Belgian Communist Combatant Cells, who were on a hunger strike
second device defused by police. There were no injuries. No group claimed
responsibility, but police suspect the Basque group Fatherland and Liberty.
Spain: Bomb explodes at military housing project in Madrid on eve of elections;
suspect Croatian extremists.
West Germany: Unknown assailants throw two Molotov cocktails at Yugoslav
Consulate General in Stuttgart, causing minor damage but no injuries. Police
backed terrorists.
Austria: Vienna police abort attempted rocket attack on Iraqi Embassy. Two US-
made 3.5-inch bazooka rockets were disarmed 35 minutes before they were set to
launch by timer. No one has claimed responsibility, but police suspect Iranian-
Secret
D/ TR 86-010
November 1986
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Minister Thatcher and members of her Cabinet.
United Kingdom: London court sentences member of Provisional Irish Republican
Army to eight lire prison terms. Patrick Magee had been found guilty in the
bombing of the Grand Hotel in Brighton in the October 1984 attempt to kill Prime
West Germany: Hamburg policeJind fake bomb across street.lrom US Consulate.
No one claimed responsibility.~~ 25X1
23 June Greece: Arson attack on ruling Socialist Party o.,~ices in Athens causes extensive
damage. The organization Anarchist Action claimed responsibility for the attack.
10 June of tuberculosis.
Spain: Nearly 100 jailed members oJBasque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) stage
hunger strike at prison near Ciudad Real. They were protesting poor living
conditions in Spanish jails after imprisoned ETA member Joseba Asensio died on
Italy: Agreement signed in Rome with United States to expand cooperation in
combating international terrorism. The agreement extended a 1984 accord on
collaboration against drug trafficking and organized crime to include terrorism.~~ 25X1
Red Revolutionary Front.
Netherlands: Police deJase bomb outside European Community irtlormation o,,~ice
in The Hague. Pamphlets left at the scene claimed responsibility on behalf of the
protest US aid to the Nicaraguan Contras.
Spain: Bomb explodes at o,,~ce oJUS 3M Co. in Bilbao, injuring a policeman.
The Basque group Iraultza claimed responsibility for the attack, claiming it was to
to protest construction of a waste treatment plant.
Spain: Bomb explodes at Portugalete construction site, seriously injuring crane
operator. The Basque group Iraultza claimed responsibility, saying the attack was
responsibility.
Spain: Bomb explodes in trash container on Bilbao street, injuringJour policemen
and apasser-by. The device evidently was detonated by remote control as two
police cars drove by. The separatist group Basque Fatherland and Liberty claimed
responsibility.
Spain: Bombing oJCivil Guard convoy on Zarauz highway kills one policeman,
wounds six others. The Basque group Fatherland and Liberty claimed
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? 29 June West Germany: Police discover 40 kilograms of explosives near nuclear power
station in Grundemmingen. A previously unknown group, the "Edelweiss Pirates,"
left letters at the scene demanding the immediate closure of the facility.
safehouse containing weapons and explosives.
Spain: Civil Guards in San Sebastian arrest policeman suspected of belonging to
Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETAj. Two other persons were arrested for
participating in ETA intelligence operations. The arrests led to the discovery of a
of Socialist Muslims, a covername for the Abu Nidal Group.
Italy: Rome court sentences Palestinian youth to 14 years in prison for 1985
bombing of British Airways o,B"ice. One person was killed and 13 others were
injured in that attack, which was claimed in the name of the Revolutionary Order
released two of them; the ship's captain was detained for three days.
Cyprus: "Large quantity"of explosives discovered during search of Irish ship
docked in Limassol. The explosives were found in three commercial containers on
the ship. Police arrested the three crewmembers, all British nationals, then
responsibility.
Northern Ireland: Part-time member of Ulster Defense Regiment killed in car
bomb blast in Ballynahinch. The Provisional Irish Republican Army claimed
group, claimed responsibility.
West Germany: Christian Democratic Union chapter o,,~'ice in Wilhelmshaven
damaged in arson attack. "Militant Anarchist Action", a previously unknown
number of Libyan nationals in the country.
Italy: Rome court suspends expulsion orders for five Libyan citizens. The orders
were issued in connection with the Italian Government's decision to curb the
postpone their appearances at hearings.
Italy: Rome police arrest lawyer suspected of providing arms to jailed terrorists to
aid in their escape. He also is charged with having provided Red Brigades
members with a topical substance that causes skin irritation so that they could
convicted for several murders committed in Rome between 1978 and 1980.
Italy: Three Armed Revolutionary Nuclei members given lire sentences. They were
2 August Namibia: Bomb explodes at Walvis Bay meat market, causing five deaths and 19
injuries. The South West Africa People's Organization is suspected. ~~ 25X1
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the government suspects the African National Congress.
South Africa: Limpet mine in trash can outside Muizenberg post o,,~"ice damages
postal facility and nearby shops and Jiats. Although no one claimed responsibility,
according to feminist issues.
West Germany: Rote Zora claims responsibility for arson attack on the Institute
Jor Human Genetics in Muenster. The incendiary device caused minor damage to
two rooms. The group is part of the Revolutionary Cells and chooses targets
eighth person to have been arrested in the Olivier case.
France: Photographer arrested in Paris investigation of Action Directe (AD)
leaders. The suspect's name was found in an address book belonging to AD leader
Andre Olivier, who had been arrested in Lyon last March. The photographer is the
claimed responsibility, and there were no casualties.
Philippines: Bomb explodes outside home oJmayor ojEscalante. No one has
Authorities suspect the extremist Basque group Iraultza.
Spain: Guards deJaseJirebomb at residence oJBank oJAmerica o.,6icial in
Madrid. The incident followed an anonymous phone call threatening Americans.
claim of responsibility.
South Africa: Two gasoline bombs destroy bus in Cape Town. The attackers
ordered passengers off the bus so that there were no injuries. There has been no
Afghanistan-Pakistan: Bomb explodes inside passenger train traveling from
Chaman Hozuri to Quetta. Three persons were killed and two others were injured.
Sri Lanka: Unident4/ied attackers throw grenade at house of leftist political party
leader. The grenade failed to explode. ~~ 25X1
coast port of Trincomalee. No casualties were reported
Sri Lanka: Powerful explosion at Mud Cove jetty damages cars and boats in east
10 August West Germany: Bomb destroys US serviceman's car parked in public lot in
Hanau. No group claimed responsibility. ~~ 25X1
the name of the "Fighting Unit Crespo Cepa Gallende."
West Germany: Three bombs damage communications tower and trans/ormer shed
at Federal Border Police facility near Bonn. A claim letter received later
indicated that illegal militants of the Red Army Faction carried out the attack in
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Italy: Former Libyan diplomat released from jail while awaiting trial. He was
arrested in April for plotting to kill the US Ambassador to Italy in 1985. ~~ 25X1
casualties.
West Germany: Christian Democratic Union o,,~ce in Wilhemshaven target of
second arson attack. Militant Anarchist Action, a group that took credit for a
similar attack on 6 July, claimed responsibility for this incident. There were no
critically injuring one man. No group has claimed responsibility.
Namibia: Handgrenade explodes in Magistrate's Court Building at Tsumeb,
claimed responsibility.
West Germany: Bomb causes minor damage to electronics manylacturing firm in
Wuppertal. The Westinghouse subsidiary was involved in SDI research and the
West German nuclear power industry. Supporters of the Red Army Faction
14 August West Germany: Unident~ied persons throw Molotov cocktail at car belonging to
US serviceman in Wesel-Buederich. No group claimed responsibility.~~ 25X1
Spain: Car bomb explodes near cafe in Basque city of Bilbao, injuring two
policemen and apasser-by. No group claimed responsibility, but authorities
suspect the military faction of the terrorist group Basque Fatherland and Liberty.
Cyprus: Lebanese man arrested in Larnaca for possession of suitcase filled with
grenades and a pistol. The suspect said he was only a courier for an Arab in
Cyprus and did not know who the weapons were for.
charging the victim was a police informer.
Northern Ireland: Thirty-year-old Catholic man shot to death in his home in
Be(1ast. The Provisional Irish Republican Army claimed credit for the murder,
locker. He admitted to planning a bomb attack at the official's home.
West Germany: Turkish Kurd co~esses to targeting Turkish consul in Hamburg.
Police caught the man as he was about to remove explosives from a train station
16 August Spain: French car burned in San Sebastian. No group claimed responsibility, but
Spanish police believe the Basque Fatherland and Liberty group was responsible.
Liberation of Corsica.
Corsica: Three bombs damage bank, local notary's residence and car, but cause no
injuries. There was no claim, but police suspect the National Front for the
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West Germany: Firebombs destroy two large construction vehicles in Wuppertal.
An unsigned claim letter found at the site indicated members of the Red Army
Faction periphery carried out the attack. The vehicles were being used in a road-
building project linking a West German Army facility with a nearby highway.
were no casualties. Police suspect the Basque group Fatherland and Liberty.
Spain: Showroom of French.~irm Peugeot Talbot firebombed in Navarre. There
Spain: Basque group Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) kills army colonel in
Villareal. His death brought the fatalities from ETA attacks to 32 this year.
suspect the Basque group Fatherland and Liberty.
Spain: French car firebombed in San Sebastian. There were no injuries. Police
group Terra Lliure (Free Land).
Spain: Arson attack against Catalonian separatists results in forest fire. A
vigilante group called "Catalan Militia" claimed responsibility for setting a forest
fire near a Catalonian shrine as a protest to the terrorist actions of the separatist
Sao Tome: Alleged leader of Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) separatist
organization deported to Sao Tome from Ecuador. Alfonso Echegarry had spent a
year in exile following the French crackdown on ETA members living in France.
dissidents often met there. Police have no suspects in the incident.
United Kingdom: Bomb explodes in London shop killing one person and injuring
12. The shop specialized in anti-Khomeini videotapes and literature, and Iranian
hospital. The band killed three policemen in the process.
Ecuador: AUaro Vive, Carajo! terrorists rescue imprisoned members from
in Manila. No one has claimed responsibility.
Philippines: Unidentified gunman kills Marcos loyalist leader near Hilton Hotel
Philippines: Nine armed men kill mayor of Dinalupihan, Bataan, in his car.
Police suspect members of the New People's Army.
Netherlands: Bombs damage two buildings in Amsterdam in protest against city's
bid to host 1992 Olympics. A previously unknown group calling itself
"Revolutionary Cells Commando Within the Blue" claimed responsibility.
Belgium: Bomb causes extensive damage to o,,~ces of socialist trade union
federation in Antwerp, but no injuries. There have been no claims for the attack.
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,finding arms in his home in Rome. Five other Filipinos also were arrested.
Italy: Antiterrorism squad arrests Dormer Philippine Ambassador to Vatican gj'ter
25 August Spain: Paramilitary Civil Guard in Bilbao finds bomb under his car. The Basque
separatist group Fatherland and Liberty is believed responsible.
Turkey: Dev Sol (Revolutionary Lef[)firebomb attack against district o,,~'ice of
ruling party in Istanbul results in extensive damage. Seven militants wrote
slogans on the walls protesting government military operations in southeastern
Turkey and Iraq. Three high-ranking Dev Sol members were arrested for
cooperating with the attackers.
luggage.
Netherlands: Authorities deport Japanese citizen Yu Kikumura to Japan. He was
released by a Haarlem court on a technical plea of improper arrest. He had been
arrested at Amsterdam airport last May for carrying hidden explosives in his
Fatherland and Liberty group claimed responsibility.
Spain: Civil Guard convoy bombed near Basque town of Ikaztegieta. There were
no injuries, but all three vehicles were reportedly damaged. The Basque
conduct counternarcotics operations on Bolivian territory.
Peru: Bomb attack against Bolivian Embassy in Lima causes no injuries, little
damage. The People's Revolutionary Command claimed responsibility for the
bombing, which was carried out to protest Bolivia's decision to allow US troops to
Authorities believe the device was planted by Afghan Mujahedin
Afghanistan: Suitcase bomb explodes at Jalalabad airport, killing 16 persons.
27 August France: Suspected Spanish Basque militant arrested in Bayonne expelled. The
separatist allegedly is a member of the Anticapitalist Autonomous Commandos.
one seriously.
Spain: Basque Fatherland and Liberty bombs bridge in Basque town of
Guipuzcoa. A Civil Guard jeep was damaged and both its occupants were injured,
and Liberty.
Portugal: Car bomb injures army captain in Lisbon suburb. No group claimed
responsibility, but a note to an international news agency praised both the
Portuguese Popular Forces of 25 April and the Spanish Basque group Fatherland
of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty living in exile in France.
Portugal: Police arrest three suspected members of Antiterrorist Liberation Group
in Lisbon. The group has reportedly killed at least 12 members and sympathizers
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Corsica: Bombs explode at bank and store in Ajaccio cafe in Sartene. Police
defused two other devices. No group claimed responsibility, but the National Front
for the Liberation of Corsica is suspected.
30 August Spain: Basque Fatherland and Liberty terrorists firebomb French-registered
vehicle in Bilbao. As in similar attacks, there were no casualties.
Peru: Dynamite charge explodes in a store in Callao, wounding six Soviet sailors.
The store was frequented by Soviet personnel. Sendero Luminoso, which has
previously attacked Soviet facilities, probably is responsible.
country.
West Germany: Revolutionary Cells claim responsibility for bombing Federal
Administrative O.,~ce building in Cologne. The group indicated it was attempting
to disrupt West German documentation of Third World immigrants entering the
night before.
Spain: Members of Basque terrorist group Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) burn
three French-registered vehicles in San Sebastian. The attack followed the
burning of two vehicles belonging to ETA sympathizers in nearby Renteria the
1 September Turkey: Gunmen disguised as police kill alleged police informant in Bingol
Province. Local press reports claimed the four attackers, who escaped, belonged to
the Kurdish Worker's Party.
Justice Ministry has begun extradition proceedings
France: Police arrest suspected leader of Italian leJtwing terrorist group Prima
Linea in Basque town of Hendaye. Giovanni Stefan was sentenced in absentia in
1983 to life imprisonment for involvement in a 1976 murder in Milan. The Italian
to be used against Ulster security forces.
Ireland: Irish Army demolition personnel defuse six mortar projectiles hidden in
van near border with Northern Ireland. Irish authorities believe the mortars were
responsibility. There were no injuries.
Spain: Bomb explodes outside Hispano Americano Bank in Barcelona, causing
serious damage. Terra Lliure (Free Land), a Catalonian separatist group, claimed
adequate disposal. No group has claimed responsibility
Colombia: Three bombs explode at Mormon Church in Valledupar, causing
extensive damage but no casualties. After the first bomb exploded, police allowed
two more bombs to explode because they had no training or equipment for
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4 September Spain: Spanish bomb squad experts set o.,6`'bomb in state employment o.~ce in
Bilbao. The explosion damaged the building and several nearby cars.
5 September Belgium: Suspected member of Revolutionary Front for Proletarian Action
released from prison. Chantal Paternostre was freed for lack of new evidence
against her. She had been arrested on 15 August 1985.
documents found at an Action Directe hideout in March 1986.
France: Lyon police arrest two women for 1981 armed robberies by ~"iche Rouge,
splinter group of Action Directe. Evidence for the arrests was culled from
West Germany: Arson attack against Bavarian state o,,6`ice of socialist party in
Munich causes little damage and no injuries. There was no claim for the attack.
group Tupac Amaru is not thought to have any connection to the attack.
Netherlands: Bomb explodes at firm involved in construction at Woensdrecht
airbase scheduled to house NATO cruise missiles, causing extensive damage but
no injuries. A previously unknown group, the "Tupac Amaru Commando of the
Revolutionary Cells," claimed responsibility for the attack. The Peruvian leftist
8 September Sweden: Bomb destroys the Stockholm o,,~"ice of ~lrican National Congress. No
claim of responsibility has been received.
illegal militants of the Red Army Faction carried out the bombing.
West Germany: Bomb causes major damage to Cologne headquarters of Federal
0.,~"ice for Protection of Constitution. A caller to a local newspaper took credit for
the attack in the name of the Revolutionary Cells. A newspaper, however, received
a letter signed by the "Fighting Unit Christos Tsoutsouvis" that suggests that
damage but no casualties. No group has claimed responsibility.
Sri Lanka: Unknown assailants boobytrap three homes, causing minor property
9 September Spain: Madrid police detain three Basque separatists. They were accused of
trying to kill two Civil Guards.
Italy: Rome police defuse bomb found outside building housing leading Libyan
company and families. There has been no claim of responsibility for the incident.
10 September Canary Islands: Spanish merchant ship machinegunned o,,6`'Western Saharan
coast near Cabo Corveiro, killing one seaman. Maritime officials suspect that the
Polisario guerrilla movement is responsible for the attack. Polisario has conducted
a half dozen such attacks since 1984.
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I1 September United Kingdom: Provisional Irish Revolutionary Army attacks Londonderry
police headquarters. There were no injuries and the building sustained only
superficial damage.
France: Suspected member of Anticapitalist Autonomous Commandos expelled in
government campaign to cooperate with Spain infighting terrorism. The Spanish
Basque militant was handed over to police at the Hendaye border post.
Spain: Young man killed in Aranjuez when bomb explodes in his hands. There has
been no claim of responsibility and there was no obvious target nearby.
12 September Corsica: Bomb attacks against travel agency, bank, and car in Bonifacio cause
damage but no injuries. Two alleged members of the National Front for the
Liberation of Corsica were arrested for the attacks.
1 ~ September Peru: Chap,@`eur at Presidential Palace murdered in Lima. The victim, who was
also an off-duty police officer, was dragged from his car by suspected members of
14 September Northern Ireland: Provisional Irish Republican Army kills leader of Protestant
Ulster Volunteer Force in Bejfast. The Provisional IRA claimed it carried out the
attack in reprisal for the victim's involvement in a wave of killings of Catholics.
Sri Lanka: Tamil guerrillas attack state-owned sugar mill in Trincomalee,
killing one employee.
IS September Luxembourg: Explosion destroys residence in Luxembourg City, killing a male
occupant. The cause of the explosion is not known. It has not yet been determined
whether he was connected to several nonfatal bombings in Luxembourg last
winter.
West Germany: Bomb damages the Munich o.,~"ices of Panavia, company involved
in production of NATO fighter aircraft. No group has taken credit, but the
relation of the target to NATO suggests that supporters of the Red Army, Faction
probably were responsible.
Argentina: Four skeletons.found jutting out of mud on bottom oJ'lake in Buenos
Aires believed to be victims of "dirty war"of late 1970s. The discovery is said to
confirm earlier reports that the Army used the lake to dump bodies of murdered
leftist suspects. The lake is near La Perla, one of Argentina's most notorious
detention centers, where torture reportedly was routine and at least 1,000 persons
died from 1976 to 1983.
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Pakistan: Time bomb devices planted by unknown assailants destroy three United
Nations' ambulances in Alizai. No one has claimed responsibility.
IS-16 September Netherlands: Firebombs slightly damage four government buildings in
Amsterdam; police defuse highly sophisticated bomb outside Royal Palace. A
previously unknown group, the "Down With Lubbers" commando, claimed
responsibility for the arson attacks, in protest of the national budget. There was no
claim for the second incident.
16 September India: Two assailants shoot and kill Hindu militant leader in his shop at Phillaur
Town. Although authorities suspect Sikh terrorists, no arrests have been made. ~
Sri Lanka: Grenade blast at headquarters compound of Ceylon Workers Congress
injures three persons in Colombo. This incident is similar to a grenade attack on
union headquarters three months ago. No one has claimed responsibility.
Bangladesh: Homemade bombs explode at clandestine manrElacturing plant in
Khaka, killing two persons and injuring at least seven others. Police arrested 12
other persons. ~~
17 September Greece: Three gunmen driving stolen taxi spray two Athens police stations with
bullets, but cause no injuries. The men reportedly told the taxi driver they
belonged to the 17 November terrorist organization before tying him up and
stealing his taxi. There has been no claim for the attacks, however, and they do not
resemble 17 November's usual operations.
India: Four unidentified assailants kill prominent minority leader at his home in
Assam. Authorities suspect the United Liberation Front of Assam is responsible.
18 September West Germany: Bomb explodes at research institute in Tuebingen; police deJase
second bomb. The explosion caused about $50,000 in damages but'no injuries.
There was no claim for the attack, but Red Army Faction illegal militants
probably are responsible.
Peru: Police surprise two terrorists assembling a bomb at the Palace of Justice in
Lima. The suspected Sendero Luminoso members fled, leaving behind three sticks
of dynamite in a restroom of the building.
Peru: Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement attacks Chilean Embassy and its
chancery in Lima, causing only slight damage and no casualties. The terrorists
threw two sticks of dynamite and engaged in a brief shootout with police before
fleeing in a vehicle. The day marked the anniversary of Chilean independence.
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20 September Italy: Two alleged Red Brigades members given l4fe sentences jor 1981 murder of
i~1'ormer's brother. Thirteen others were sentenced to terms ranging from 26 years
to a 17-month suspended sentence, and nine more were cleared of charges.
23 September Italy: Two convicted Red Brigades members escape Jrom hospital in Novara. Both
were transferred from a nearby prison after becoming weak from a hunger strike.
They escaped by sawing through the bars of skylights in their rooms.
24 September France: Franco-American founder of securityJirm shot dead in Paris. No one has
claimed responsibility.
25 September West Germany: Registries ojjoreigners are targets oJbombings in Hamm and
Hagen. The explosions caused considerable damage but no injuries. The
Revolutionary Cells claimed responsibility for the two attacks.
Spain: Police in Guernica detonate car bomb containing 36 kilos oJexplosives
and shrapnel. Authorities suspect the Basque separatist group Fatherland and
Liberty was responsible for the bomb.
Italy: Court acquits Lebanese oJstealing passports later used byAchille Lauro
hijackers. However, the court sentenced him to four months in jail for using a
passport that belonged to another Lebanese man.
29 September Belgium: Bomb explodes at Brussels Masonic Lodge headquarters, injuring
nearby resident. No group has claimed responsibility.
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