THIRD PARTY INVOLVEMENT IN GOVERNMENT-INDUSTRY SECURITY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP87T00623R000100080011-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 10, 2011
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: November 28, 1984
• Content Type: MEMO

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
Security Committee
28 November 1984
MEMORANDUM FOR: SECOM Members
Chairman
STAT
SUBJECT: Third Party Involvement in Government-Industry Security
At our October seminar, we discussed a proposal from the Security Affairs
Support Association (SASA) to act as a broker between the government and its
contractors on personnel security clearance problems. Attached for your
information is a copy of a revised SASA proposal sent me by Maj. Gen. John E.
Morrison, Jr., USAF Ret., SASA Executive Vice President. The letter will be
scheduled for discussion at the 9 January 1985, SECOM lneetina
Attachment: a/s
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
STAT
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40 N oV 04,
DRAFT
Dear (Industry Member)
For several years, SASA has been made aware informally of
difficulties being experienced by U.S. industry in personnel
security clearance matters. Some of the difficulties appear
minor, while others are not. Many seem to be rooted in differing
interpretations of personnel security regulations. Considering
.their nature in the context of the essentiality of maintaining
the highest possible standards in national security matters, we
recognize that solutions satisfactory to all concerned may not
be achievable. Even so, your association believes that the
quest for solutions, properly and sensitively mounted, might
prove immensely beneficial to both government and industry.
We therefore, propose to embark on a tightly controlled
study program to determine comprehensively, the nature and extent
of existing difficulties and subsequently, seek solutions with
appropriate government authorities.
We believe that there has been some hesitancy in expressing
what might be interpreted as complaints in personnel security
matters. However, we feel that this reluctance might be
overcome by having SASA serve as an intermediary to receive and
process industry views on personnel security clearance problems
on a completely non-attributable basis. SASA would not release
the identification of the source of any problems received.
Your association has already sought the informal views
of key government authorities regarding our proposal and has
,received sufficient encouragement to warrant seeking your views
before we proceed further. Specifically, we would like you to
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DRAFT Page 2
advise us if you are interested in having SASA undertake a
program focused on the resolution of personnel security clearance
problems. If the consensus indicates that SASA should proceed
we would intend to use your comments on a completely non-
attribution basis---source identification removed---to finalize
our arrangements with those in government whose cooperation is
essential to program success. Let us repeat our assurance that
all responses will be sensitively handled. Absolutely no source
identification will be revealed whatsoever.
SASA is mindful that it is offering to embark on a
program which involves sensitive concerns of considerable
magnitude and complexity, but we are persuaded that the potential
outcomes for both government and industry thoroughly justifies
such a special effort.
We will be looking forward to your views as soon as
possible. You will receive:. the results of our survey when
completed. Please advise if you have need for further infor-
mation or clarification.
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on""" 13AAMA -
TBi Hi3Clrral SABAlmrrv a~trat~ ASSOCIATION
Robert J. Hermon
UMtsd Todnobglas Corp.
EXECUTIVE
VICE PRESIDENT
John E. Morrison, Jr.
The MVM Group. ho.
SECRETARY/TREASURER
William H. Person
GENERAL COUNSEL
Daniel B. Silver
Clary, GottMrb. Slain i Hamilton
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
CHAIRMAN
Robert F. Welte
Loral Elactratier Slows
MEMBERS
Vice Adm. E. A. Burkhalter, Jr., USN
Inla liponeo CamWty St111
Kenneth Cavinea
McOomsll Douglas Astro aWins
George Cokes
Hughes Airaaf COMM
Anthony Dignazio
Syanm Erg.Nairq Dovalop rent
Corporation
Clerk G. Foster
GTE Govern mt Syata s
Corporation
R.P. Henderson
Haft Corpasdan
Joseph S. Hull
Null Aaoctsts. Inc.
Oliver Kirby
E?Systsna, Ina.
Eugene Kopf
Litton, ITEK Optical Syoano
Donald C. Latham
Dp. undo Soc. Dol. (CN)
Museum boom
Wayne Shelton
Plosrkg Rwach Corp.
Robert D. Smiel
Conwhant
George F. Steq
MITRE Corporation
Nathaniel W. Trembath
TRW Odense Syslon G"
Donald J. Webster
Tadmobpy for Cameniatiom
Monition
Lt. Gen. James A. Williams. USA
Owner. kdalliporcs Aporcy
November 20, 1984
Chairman, DCI's Security Committee
Via Ames ISC, Rm 1225,Ames Building
Washington, D.C. 20505
I have finally recast our proposed letter to
industry and am enclosing it herewith. Note, as I
promised I have asked for industry views as to
whether or not they think a SASA program would be
helpful. No further actions are contemplated until
our survey is completed. At that time we'll talk
further.
Sorry for the delay, but I have been thoroughly
occupied with a SASA Symposium "Software Trends in the
Intelligence Community". You may find the enclosed
material of interest.
All the best.
JEM/hlb
Encls.
80 West Street ? Sulu 110 ? Annapolis, Maryland 21401 ? [phone]
STAT
STAT
STAT
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80 West Street
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
a publication of SECURITY AFFAIRS SUPPORT ASSOCIATION
"SOFTWARE TRENDS IN THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY"
SYMPOSIUM REGISTRATION UNDERWAY
High interest is already apparent in the SASA West Coast Symposium'84 which will take place on Tuesday and
Wednesday 13-14 November 1984. The event, which will be held at the SECRET classification level, is being
conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Outstanding lecturers from both
industry and government will explore with attendees, current developments, mid-term plans and long-range trends
in software applications for intelligence community programs. The symposium will be introduced by Dr. Bill
Mehuron, Deputy Director, National Security Agency, Research and Engineering. Among the list of scheduled
speakers are such highly respected professionals as Dr. Dick Scott of GTE, Mr. Mark Williams, ESL, Col. Bill
Whitaker, WIS JPMO, Mr. Bob Vidensek, ESL, Drs. Harry Boehm and Kwang-I Yu of TRW, Dr. Stewart Steele,
RCA, Dr. Elliott Bell, DOD Computer Security Center, and Dr. Stephen Kent of BBN. Of special interest, Mr.
Kermit (Kay) Speierman, Chief Scientist of NSA will be present to offer a first-hand view of the newly created
National Super Computing Research Laboratory. We are also pleased to announce that our guest speaker at the
SASA hosted symposium dinner on 13 November will be the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, Mr. John
McMahon.
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Symposium Registration Underway - continued
GUEST SPEAKER
MR. JOHN N. McMAHON
Registrations for the symposium will be limited to
a total of 300 attendees with registrations to be
accepted on a "first come, first served basis". Regis-
trations will close on 1 November 1984. Registra-
tion fees are $190.00 for SASA members, $225.00 for
non-members and $90.00 for government and aca-
deme attendees. Fee includes cost of luncheons and
the reception and dinner on 13 November. We urge
any members or others who may be interested in this
specially focused software exchange to seek registra-
tion and motel accommodations as early as possible.
Should you have any questions regarding any
aspect of the symposium, they may be directed to the
Symposium Program Director, Mr. Don Webster,
TCI, [phone] (West Coast), or Mr. Bill Par-
sons, SASA Headquarters [phone] (East
Coast).
SASA AUDIT REVIEW
In compliance with SASA Bylaws governing con-
trol of association funds, an annual audit of the finan-
cial records was conducted by Certified Public
Accountants licensed by the State of Maryland.
Reporting to the Chairman of the Finance Com-
mittee, the audit team advised that "it was not aware
of any material modifications that should be made to
the financial records which appeared to be main-
tained in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles."
The audit team recommended that the fiscal year
of the association be changed to match the SASA tax
year which begins on 1 July each year and runs
through 30 June of the following year. The Board of
Directors is expected to approve this recommenda-
tion at its December 1984 quarterly meeting.
MEHURON RECEIVES
AWARD
Dr. William Mehuron, Member of the SASA
Board of Directors recently received the Exceptional
Civilian Service Award for his "exceptionally meri-
torious service" as the Deputy Director, NSA for
Research and Engineering since 1981. The citation,
presented by Lt. Gen. Lincoln Faurer, Director of
the National Security Agency, stated that under the
direction of Dr. Mehuron, the NSA Research and
Engineering organization has placed renewed
emphasis on all aspects of its mission, including the
performance of basic and applied research, the devel-
opment of technology and the delivery of operational
systems. The successes which his organization has
achieved were attributed to the personal leadership
of Dr. Mehuron and to the sound principles of man-
agement which he established throughout the organ-
ization.
HAGAMAN LEAVES AFCEA
Brig. General Harry T. Hagaman, USMC (Ret.),
Director of AFCEA Intelligence/ Special Projects,
has resigned the latter post effective 12 October 1984
to join the SASA member organization, H.R.B. Sin-
ger Co. as the Director of their Washington office.
During his 2 year association with AFCEA, Gen.
Hagaman spearheaded the growth of the intelligence
interests and activities of the association. His
replacement is expected to be announced shortly
after 1 November.
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CONGRESSMAN
EDWARD P. BOLAND
BOLAND AND ROBINSON
HONORED
A host of colleagues and admirers joined Con-
gressman Edward P. Boland and Congressman J.
Kenneth Robinson at a reception in their honor in
the Rayburn House Office Building on Wednesday
evening, September 26, 1984. Both congressmen
were being honored for their distinguished service as
members of the House Permanent Select Committee
on Intelligence (HPSCI) which they will be leaving
at the termination of the 98th Congress. Mr. Boland
has the distinction of being the first and only chair-
man of the HPSCI since it was established by The
House in 1977. Under the current rules he and others
on the committee who have served for six years must
be replaced by new members. Mr. Robinson has also completed the prescribed
tenure, however, unlike Mr. Boland, he is not seeking reelection and will retire
at the end of this term after 14 years service.
Among the dignitaries paying tribute to the departing congressman were
Speaker Tip O'Neill, Senator Pat Moynihan, and the House Minority leader
Bob Michel. Speaker O'Neill, after expressing his own views of the significant
contribution which each of the honorees had made to our national security, read
letters of appreciation which had been forwarded to each by President Carter.
Similarly, in separate letters read by Mr. Michel, President Reagan expressed
his commendation of the devoted service of both Boland and Robinson. Secre-
tary Weinberger, who could not be present, was represented by Ass't Secretary
of Defense C3I, Mr. Don Latham, who presented Chairman Boland and
Representative Robinson with Letters of Appreciation signed by the Secretary.
SENATOR
DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN
CONGRESSMAN
J. KENNETH ROBINSON
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
THOMAS P. O'NEILL
Speaking for himself and the DCI, Mr. John McMahon, Deputy Director of
Central Intelligence, lauded the exemplary service and contributions of both
honorees.
Other government notables present on the occasion were Judge William
Webster, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Mr. Edward C.
Aldrich, Under Secretary of the Air Force, Vice Admiral E. A. Burkhalter,
Director IC Staff, Lt. Gen. James Williams, Director DIA and Mr. Robert
Rich, Deputy Director NSA.
In addition to those mentioned, there were numerous key industrial figures
on hand to pay their respects to the honorees.
SASA was represented by its Executive
Vice President John Morrison who
expressed to both Congressman Boland and
Congressman Robinson our association's appreciation of their outstanding
service in support of national intelligence.
Other departing committee members being honored at the reception were
Representative Mazzoli, Mineta, Fowler, Gore, Whitehurst and Young.
HOUSE MINORITY LEADER
ROBERT H. MICHEL
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CONGRESS SEES NEED TO STRENGTHEN
COMSEC AND COMPUSEC
PRESIDENT REAGAN SIGNS DIRECTIVE
Congressional Committees in both Houses are concerned over the vulnerability of U.S. communications and
information systems, and will be paying close attention over the next year to the corrective measures now underway
within the Executive Branch to remedy the situation. The Conferees from the Armed Services and Select Intelli-
gence Committees in both the House and Senate have included in the report accompanying the FY 1985 Department
of Defense Authorization Act (H. Rept. 98-1080) a strong statement in support of the need to strengthen U.S.
communications and information systems security.
In the report the conferees stated that the communications security (COMSEC) posture and practices of the U.S.
government are poor and that the security of the nation's automated information systems presents a similar problem.
The report goes on to say that although considerable progress has been made, the process of securing essential U.S.
communications is progressing too slowly. The conferees concluded that the advantages the U.S. holds in advanced
technology, strategic policy and planning, nuclear weapons development and deployment, and numerous other vital
areas are in danger.
This concern on the part of the conferees prompted them to direct the Secretary of Defense to provide to the
Committees on Armed Services and Select Committees on Intelligence a report on the status of the measures being
implemented to remedy the deficiencies in COMSEC and an assessment of the additional funds and personnel
required. This report is to be completed by March 1, 1985. Additionally the Armed Services and Intelligence
Committees intend to examine in greater detail the subject of U.S. communications security in connection with
congressional review of the fiscal year 1986 budget request.
The addition of COMSEC language to the Conference report was described by Rep. Beverly B. Byron in a recent
interview with the N.Y. Times as "unusual." The Maryland Democrat suggested the conferees express their concern
after her visit last April to NSA's headquarters at Fort Meade. In Rep. Byron's view, "the problem of improving the
security of the nation's communications was so important that it should not be delayed."
Congressional action on this subject, as expressed in the FY 85 DoD Authorization Act, coincides with other
Congressional and Executive Branch initiatives to strengthen the U.S. COMSEC and COMPUSEC posture. A
number of bills have been passed or introduced in Congress which are designed to discourage fraudulent use of
computers, and the Executive Branch, under the aegis of the National Security Council, has issued a directive
restructuring the policy apparatus overseeing U.S. COMSEC and computer security activities. The directive,
NSDD 145 dated September 17, 1984 supercedes and cancels PD/NSC-24.
COMMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT
In the August edition of "COLLOQUY" I expressed my belief that the SASA
Charter Amendment was one of the major achievements of the Association. My earlier
conviction has been further strengthened by the enthusiastic response from the govern-
ment sector to this accomplishment. SASA headquarters has received numerous
requests for information about our association from federal employees who are express-
ing interest in the various initiatives within our approved operating program. I am
especially pleased to note that our first membership application from a federal employee
has been received. Anyone contemplating submission of an application for SASA
membership might wish to know that the next group of applicants will be presented to
the Board of Directors for approval at its next quarterly meeting tentatively scheduled
for 4 December 1984. Any applications received by 30 November can be processed for
consideration by the Board at that session.
SASA PRESIDENT
DR. ROBERT HERMANN
Planning for the forthcoming symposium at the Ames Research Center on 13 and 14 November is in full swing and
commitments for registration at press time provide a sound basis for optimism over the expected resounding success
of this event. I strongly recommend that anyone desirous of attending not delay in forwarding their registration forms
to SASA headquarters. 4
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LATHAM SWORN IN AS
ASSISTANT SECDEF CII
ASS'"!' SECI)EF C'I
I)oNAI.I) C. I.ATHAM
On August 6, 1984,
Donald C. Latham was
sworn in as the Assistant
Secretary of Defense
(Command, Control,
Communications and
Intelligence). Notwith-
standing the reordering of
the three C's (Communi-
cations used to be first),
this reestablished the
OSD CII function at the
Assistant Secretariate
level, similar to the posi-
tion as it existed from 1977 to 1981.
The requirement to have effective C' and intelligence
oversight functions in the Office of the Secretary of
Defense was recognized during the late 1960's. Lessons
learned during the war in Vietnam, coupled with rapidly
expanding technologies, gave rise to the need for more
immediate management support directly to the Secretary.
In July 1970, the position of Assistant to the Secretary of
Defense (Telecommunications) was established, and by
January 1972 the Congress authorized Assistant Secretary
positions for both Telecommunications and Intelligence
with Dr. E.B. Rechtin and Dr. Al Hall sworn in, respec-
tively. In 1974, the Telecommunications job was moved to
the status of "Director" with command and control
responsibilities added, still reporting directly to the Secre-
tary. Between 1977 and 191, Tom Reed and Dick Schriver
served as the "DTACCS". By 1976, the post-Watergate
scrutiny of intelligence activities led to reorganizations
throughout the Intelligence Community. The ASD
(Intelligence) was also named to be the Director of
Defense Intelligence, and Dr. Tom Latimer (now HPSCI
Staff Director) acted in that capacity throughout 1976 and
early 1977.
In March 1977 the Department of defense merged the
C ` and inteligence functions, creating an Assistant Secret-
ariate for CII managerially subordinated to the new Under
Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. Dr.
Gerry Dinneen was the first ASD (CII), and was dual
hatted as the Principal Deputy Under Secretary for R&E
until 1981. Dr. Bob Hermann (President of SASA) was
the Principal Deputy ASD (C'I) from 1977 to 1979, and
Dr. Harry Van Trees followed from 1979 to 1981.
In 1981, the Department moved to assure more com-
plete integration of C'I programs with major weapon and
electronics systems development. The function was rees-
tablished as a Deputy Under Secretary for CII within the
Office of the USDR&E, and Don Latham was named to
fill the position. During the succeeding years, as C' and
Intelligence programs drew increasing interest on the
Hill, Congress began to press for higher level leadership
and accountability for DoD CII programs. As both
Houses reviewed the Fiscal 1984 Defense Budget, they
concurrently developed firm direction to the Department
for the establishment of a single focal point within OSD
for CII. Finally, the lawmakers added another Assistant
Secretary authorization to an existing DoD sponsored bill
and the ASD (C'I) was again established in law.
Don Latham comes to the new ASD position armed
with the immediate experience of three years as the
DUSD (C'I). His academic background and public and
industrial experience make him uniquely qualified to lead
DoD's CII efforts. This includes military and civilian
service in the National Security Agency, over ten years
with the Martin Marietta Corporation (Aerospace), and
two years as Division Vice president, Engineering with
RCA Government Systems Division before accepting the
White House appointment in 1981. Secretary Latham is
currently serving as a member of the SASA Board of
Directors.
MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
PROCESSING
SASA By Laws provide that all applicants for member-
ship must be sponsored either by two members in good
standing, or one member of the Board of Directors. Addi-
tionally, all applicants must be approved by majority vote
of the Board of Directors. Lastly, the By Laws specify that
all applicants, in order to be eligible for SASA member-
ship, must currently be, or intend to be, engaged in sup-
porting in some manner, directly or indirectly, the efforts
of the intelligence community of the United States
government. This last proviso makes it incumbent upon
the Board of Directors to establish applicant screening
measures for determining membership eligibility prior to
voting on an application.
To meet the By-Law requirements, when possible it is
suggested that members provide prospective applicants
with the names of two members (themselves and one
other), who are willing to serve as sponsors for the individ-
ual or group applicant. By agreeing to sponsor an appli-
cant, you will be attesting to the applicant's or
organization's current involvement, or intention to
become engaged, in providing support to the intelligence
community. Applicants should be advised to provide the
names of the SASA members who will sponsor them on
their application form and forward a copy of their
employer/corporate capabilities manual or equivalent
publication that will provide the information required for
Board of Directors screening. In the event two members
are not available to serve as sponsors, you are requested to
consult with SASA headquarters.
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1984 MEMBERS WELCOMED
The SASA Board of Directors, at its quarterly meeting on 11 September in Washington, D.C. unanimously
approved 15 Group and 13 Individual applications for membership in the Association. The addition of these newest
members brings the SASA 1984 membership attrition to 18 Group and 19 Individual members.
SASA extends its warmest welcome to the following 1984 members:
GROUP
Cray Research
Poseidon Group, Ltd.
Concept & Design, Inc.
Emerson Electric Co.
SAIC
Gould Inc., Computer Systems Division
Space Applications Corp.
BETAC Corp.
P.T. Unger Associates
The Pymatuning Group, Inc.
Birch Associates, Inc.
Sanders Associates, Inc.
Itek Optical Systems
Analytical Assessments Corp.
The MITRE Corp.
H R B- Singer, Inc.
System Development Corp.
Northrob Corp. Defense Systems Division
DUES REDUCTION
SASA is pleased to announce that at its meeting of
11 September 1984 the Board of Directors unanim-
ously approved a reduction of annual dues to $25.00
for individual memberships. The reduction became
effective immediately. The Board also has under
active consideration a comprehensive restructuring
of the overall dues schedule which would take effect
at the beginning of the association's new fiscal year, l
July 1985, which was adjusted from 1 January 1985
by the board at its last meeting.
NEW MEMBERSHIP
CERTIFICATES
More in consonance with its recently attained pro-
fessional status, the association is now in the process
of designing a new membership certificate which will
be available shortly. At that time all members will
receive a registered certificate signed by the SASA
president.
Stephen D. Sawin
William A. Franklin
Harold W. Vorhies
K. Bruce Jenkins
Robert E. Armentrout
Andrew D. Farrell
Joseph John Cane
Martin Hurwitz
Marcus J. Langholz
Russell J. Gaspard
Oliver Rae Kirby
Karl V. Kline
Joel S. Gardner
Jerome Raffel
Raymond A. Ezekiel
Anthony G. Oettinger
Herbert J. Livingston
Donald E. Heitzman
PROPOSED LEGISLATION
ON DCI POST
Senate bill (S3019) proposed jointly by Senators Barry
Goldwater and Patrick Moynihan, Chairman and Vice-
Chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
respectively, would require that the posts of the Director,
Central Intelligence and the Deputy Director of Central
Intelligence be filled by "career civilian or military intelli-
gence officers." Under current law (PL80-253) appoin-
tees to the two top Central Intelligence billets may be
civilians or military officers but the law does not require
intelligence experience. However, the law does preclude
concurrent assignment of military officers in both slots.
The proposed legislation will be considered by the 99th
Congress at which time it is expected to receive a hard look
by the Administration which traditionally desires to make
its own appointments to such posts and by those in Con-
gress who feel that "outsider" talent, in the top intelli-
gence management position, can produce "new views and
new ideas".
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THE ENGIMA SOLUTION:
POLISH - FRENCH CONTRIBUTIONS
The publication in 1974 of Group Captain F. W.
Winterbotham's The Ultra Secret revealed the
fascinating story of the immense contribution to the Allied
cause in World War Two achieved from exploitation of the
German cipher machine Enigma. The story of the events
leading to that war-time cryptanalytic success is equally
fascinating.
The Enigma, an electro-mechanical wired enciphering
machine with a series of wheels, was put on the European
commercial market in the 1920s. It was adopted by the
German Navy in 1926, the German Army in 1929, and the
German Air Force in 1934. Each service subjected it to a
series of modifications such as the addition of variable
inter-connecting plugs between the keyboard and the
wheels, introducing the frequency of changes in the
settings. By the outbreak of the war, the Germans believed
they had a secure machine, even in the event of its capture.
It truly was a formidable challenge for any cryptanalyst.
A team of Polish mathematicians began addressing the
challenge in 1928. Augmented in September 1932, the
team acquired a commercial model and sought to discover
took them just four and a half months to achieve a
mathematical break-through against the
early version of Enigma.
There is evidence that they were aided in
this success by documents provided by the
French. From 1932 to 1939, General
Gustave Bertrand of the cryptanalysis
section of French Intelligence had contact
with a German, Hans-Thilo Schmidt, who
was employed in the cipher branch of the
German Army until 1934 and subsequently
in the German Air Force Communications
Intelligence Section. Schmidt provided over
300 documents on the Enigma, including
instructions for one of the machines; Army keys
for 1932, 1933 and half of 1934; a cipher text with its
clear text basis; and key data - everything except
details on the internal wiring of the wheels.
In 1933 Bertrand approached the British, Poles
and Czechs with the information seeking help in
This device clearly facilitated the exploitation of Enigma
traffic, but details on when the Poles began reading
Enigma, how extensively and how currently, remain
obscure. Nevertheless, it is clear that some messages were
being read.
Meanwhile, the British in April 1937 had manually
broken the Enigma used in Spain by the Germans, Italians
and Franco's forces in the Spanish Civil War. It was a
machine similar to the commercial model. But, by the end
of 1937, the British had given up trying to break the model
used by the German Navy. The Poles too had run into
trouble with German Naval Enigma after April 1937.
Trouble mounted when, on 15 September 1938, the
Germans introduced two new wheels, making five now
available for selection. While the Poles worked out the
wiring for the new wheels, they ceased to be able to read
traffic as of mid-December 1938. The French also could
make no progress on their own, so General Bertrand
invited the Poles and British to a conference on Enigma.
This meeting in Paris on 7-9 January 1939 did not result
in any exchange of Enigma results. The Polish
cryptanalysts were under instructions not to disclose their
successes unless the other participants revealed some
progress. The Poles apparently concluded that the French
and British had nothing to offer.
It is interesting to note that British policy as late as
April 1939 still precluded cryptanalytic exchange
SASA HISTORIAN
ROBERT E. DRAKE
exploiting it. Neither the Czechs nor the British manif-
ested much interest, but the Poles quickly entered into
limited collaboration with the French. Helped by a Pole
working in an Enigma factory in Germany, the Polish
team in 1934 began to develop its own crude Enigma
machine. Several experimental models were put together
through French-Polish cooperation between 1934 and
1938. The Poles and French also collaborated on the
interception and decryption of German signals between
1936 and 1938.
In 1937 the Polish team developed the Bombe, a
machine devised for finding Enigma keys by the rapid
automatic testing of tens of thousands of possible
combinations. Improved versions evolved up to 1939.
Not long after this rather abortive meeting,
the Poles invited the British and French to
meet again in Warshaw on 24-25 July. The
Poles were obviously prompted to take this
initiative by the deteriorating international
situation coupled with their continuing lack
of success against Enigma. They
consequently decided to ask for close
collaboration with France and Britain.
So it was that the Poles at this historic
meeting explained their methods for breaking
Enigma and agreed to provide the British and
French each with a copy of a Polish-built Enigma
machine and technical drawings of the Bombe. It
was further agreed that the British would
concentrate on breaking daily keys while the Poles
would be responsible for more theoretical research.
By 16 August 1939 the promised Polish materials,
including information on wheel wirings, were in British
hands. The war began on 1 September.
By October the Polish cryptanalysts were in Paris with
Bertrand's organization and in December, with help from
the British, made the first war-time break into Enigma.
Another break was soon achieved by the British, and the
exploitation of Enigma was set in motion. Between Janu-
ary and June 1940, when Bertrand's group disbanded
upon the fall of France, over 120 Enigma keys were solved,
mostly by the British. By the end of May the first British-
made Bombe was delivered. From the summer of 1940
more and better models followed and formed the essential
basis for the Ultra contributions to Allied victory in World
War II.
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COLLOQUY - OCTOBER 1984
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Security Affairs
Support Association
(SASA)
Software Trends
in the
Intelligence
Community
13-14 November 1984
NASA Ames Research Center
Mountain View, California
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1
SASA Gratefully Acknowledges
the Symposium Support Provided by
*Mr. Clark G. Fiester
*Mr. Donald Littler
*Mr. Luther L. Smith
*Mr. Donald Jacobs
*Mr. Richard B. Gentile
*Mr. James Leer
National Security Agency
GTE Government Systems
Corporation
GTE Government Systems
Corporation
ESL, Incorporated
GTE Government Systems
Corporation
GTE Government Systems
Corporation
ESL, Incorporated
National Security Agency
Technology for Communi-
cations International
Ames Research Center
Commissioned Officer's Mess
Moffett Naval Air Station
THE SECURITY AFFAIRS SUPPORT ASSOCIATION
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WELCOME!
The Association is very pleased to welcome you to its symposium on
"Software Trends in the Intelligence Community." This event is being
sponsored by the Department of Defense and has been designed for you -
the senior and middle management personnel from industry, govern-
ment and academe who have interests in gaining an appreciation of
current developments, mid term plans and long range trends in software
applications for intelligence community programs. It is our hope that
you will find the program not only highly informative but personally
enjoyable as well.
SASA is extremely grateful to the outstanding professionals from
government and industry who have been willing to devote their time to
sharing their knowledge on software trends with our symposium atten-
dees. Many, many thanks to each of them. We also deeply appreciate the
superb cooperation and support extended to the association by the
Director and staff of NASA Ames Research Center and the Commander
and staff of the Moffett Naval Air Station.
Before your departure, we would be indebted if you would give us your
thoughts on the symposium and any suggestions for themes that you
would like the association to address in the future. Please make your
comments on the last page of your symposium notebook.
U
THE SECURITY AFFAIRS SUPPORT ASSOCIATION
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P R 0 G R A M
13 NOVEMBER 1984
0730
- 0900
Registration
0900
- 0915
Administrative
0915
- 0930
Welcome
0930
- 0945
INTRODUCTION TO STIC - Dr. William 0. Mehuron
0945
- 1045
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS
Dr. Richard W. Scott, GTE Government Systems Corporation ... In the last two years, Artificial
Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key technology that is on the threshold of making a major impact on
both commercial and DoD activities. The DoD Intelligence community has several new initiatives to
evaluate and exploit this technology. To date, however, there are a few Al systems which are used to
support DoD operations. This presentation will discuss the develpment of both current and planned
Al systems for use in operations. Key challenges to the development of successful AI applications will
also he represented.
1045 - 1100 Break
1100 - 1200 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY
Mr. Mark A. Williams, ESL, Incorporated ... One of the main objectives of Artificial Intelligence is
to make machines more useful by having them exhibit characteristics we associate with intelligence in
human behavior. To achieve intelligence behavior, Artificial Intelligence systems must implement
techniques that address a number of issues that deal with what the system needs to know, how to
combine what it knows to draw conclusions, and how to deal with uncertainties. This presentation will
first define the main technical issues involved in achieving intelligent behavior and describe their role
in the implementation of Al systems. Proven techniques that address these technical issues will then
be itemized and described. Advantages and limitations of the various techniques will be indiciated,
followed by a survey of current tools and AI programming languages that implement these techniques
The presentation wil conclude with a discussion of some of the pragmatic considerations for designing
and building Al systems.
1200 - 1315 Lunch at Moffett NAS
1315 - 1415 SOURCE LANGUAGES - ADA: THE STATE OF THE ART
Col. William A. Whitaker, USAF, WWMCCSJoint Program Management Office ... The World
Wide Military Command and Control System (WWMCCS) Information System (WIS) is one of the
first major mission critical Defense systems to be designed and implemented in Ada. The choice of
Ada supports the "software first" philosophy of the program which dictates a machine independence
only possible with Ada. This presentation addresses the state of Ada technology as seen by a large
system, and the expectations for the near future.
1415 - 1515 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY
Mr. Robert Vidensek, ESL, Incorporated ... The need for reliable, accurate and field maintainable
software predicates the need for integration of good software management practices and software
development techniques. Methodologies for management to stay abreast of development status and
recognize problems early and for software development teams to better generate the product and
suport management needs are paramount. This presentation describes a development approach with
methodologies to help satisfy those needs.
1515 - 1530 Break
1530 - 1645 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Dr. Barry W. Boehm, Dr. Kwang-I Yu, TRW, Incorporated ... Current commercial database
technology is maturing, but is still unable to support a number of critical intelligence community
requirements. These include extra-high levels of performance, reliability, and security, and the ability
to support multiple data models. This representation will discuss the status and results of several
advanced research projects which address some of these critical needs.
1800 - 2100 Reception and Dinner at Moffett NAS
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P R 0 G E. A M
0730 - 0900 Registration
0900 -1000 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Dr. Stewart A. Steele, RCA, Government Systems Division ... This presentation assesses Digital
Signal Processing Technology, and discusses future trends. Basic building block elements and chips
are defined with their relationships to the required technology. Various architectures existing today
and planned for the future, including a current assessment of data flow approaches, are presented. The
important issue of software and the implication of its use for real-time digital signal processing is
discussed. The type of development tools required to build modern cost effective digital processing
units are also identified. Important hardware/software trade-offs and their influence on the perfor-
mance of a system are quantified. Trends, as they apply to micro electronics, architectures, and
expected performance, are highlighted.
1000-1100 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS
Dr. Dennis Wilson, Ford Aerospace and Communications Corporation ... With the advent of V H S IC
technology, digital signal processing is becoming a more powerful means of implementing signal
processing functions. Algorithms that will be implemented using the digital signal processing software
range from demodulators and demultiplexers of communication signals to signal recognition and
selection processing. After signals are reformatted and selected, they may be compressed for storage or
transmission, then re-expanded. Among these algorithms are some of the most demanding algorithm
development tasks of today. The selection task includes such things as voice keyword recognition. The
software that is used to implement the algorithms can also be a very demanding real-time software
design task. The algorithms of digital signal processing and the software that will implement those
algorithms on the machines of the future will be explored.
1100- 1115 Break
1115-1215 SECURE SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
Dr. D. Elliott Bell, DOD Computer Security Center."Secure Software Systems" can refer to a
large number of different concepts of "secure"; including, Physical security, identification and
authentication security, and "computer security". Furthermore, with the advent of software systems
that are more and more distributed (in a variety of senses), secure software systems can include other
concepts such as TEMPEST and COMSEC. This presentation will address primarily the current
state of computer security in software systems, as exemplified in vendor products and in research
projects. Also covered will be the modern dilemma of the intermingling of computer security and
COMSEC in the new world of distributed systems that include terminals and peripherals with
significant computational power and storage capacity. Areas of possible and probable advance in the
state of the art for secure software systems will be outlined briefly.
1215 - 1330 Lunch at Moffett NAS
1330 - 1430 INTERNET SYSTEMS AND PROTOCOLS
Dr. Stephen Kent, BBN Communications ... Packet Networks are rapidly becoming the preferred
means of interconnecting mainframes, terminals and personal computers, for both long haul and local
connections. This trend is based on many factors, including the economic advantages that accrue from
multiplex communications, and the development of standards that allow communication among
equipments from diverse vendors. Members of the DoD Intelligence Community have been in the
forefront of the transition to this technology, often advancing the state-of-the-art in areas such as high
band width packet switching and packet network security. This presentation will examine current
packet netwoi k technology, protocol standards, inter-networking and future trends. Examples will be
drawn from packet networks deployed and under development for the DoD intelligence Community.
1430 - 1530 NATIONAL. SUPER COMPUTING RESEARCH LABORATORY
Mr. Kermith H. Speierman, National Security Agency . . . The National Super Computing
Research Laboratory is being established to perform research in parallel processing using advanced
parallel processing prototype architectures and software. Research will be conducted in algorithms,
languages, representational methods, operating systems, and machine architecture. This research will
be centered on a set of real applications that are important to our national security. The prototypes will
he specially built under contract with industry in collaboration with universities who have been doing
research in this area. As many as six (6) different prototypes will be built. The availability of different
architectures in the laboratory will encourage comparative analysis and a deeper understanding of the
relationship between algorithm structure and processor structure. Emphasis will be on learning how to
do parallel processing on real problems.
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B I O G R A P H I E S
DR. WILLIAM O. MEHURON
Dr. Mehuron was appointed Deputy Director for Research
and Engineering, National Security Agency (NSA) in July 1981.
In this position, he is responsible for directing the research,
technology, system development, and system acquisition pro-
gram to meet signals intelligence (SIGINT), secure communica-
tions (COMSEC), and computer security (COMPUSEC)
requirements.
The Research and Engineering Organization, directed by Dr.
Mehuron, has over 2,000 professional, technical, administrative,
and support personnel. It has a multi-million dollar budget, and
over 300 projects ranging from the basic research to large-scale
system acquisition.
Prior to his NSA assignment, Dr. Mehuron served with the Department of the Navy for six years,
most recently as Director of Research and Development Plans for the Navy's RDT & E organization.
Before entering government, Dr. Mehuron worked 15 years in private industry, with RCA, GE and
the MITRE Corporation.
Dr. Mehuron received his BSEE degree with Distinction from Purdue University in 1959. He
earned a MSEE in 1962 and a PhD (EE) in 1966 from the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Mehuron is
a member of the SASA Board of Directors.
D. ELLIOTT BELL
D. Elliott Bell is the Deputy Chief of the Research and Devel-
opment Office of the Department of Defense Computer Security
Center. He received his B.S. in mathematics at Davidson College
in 1967 and his M.S. and Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University in
1969 and 1971, respectively. He spent twelve years at the MITRE
Corporation working on a variety of assignments, including basic
computer security modeling work. Since joining the Computer
Security Center, he has been involved in the general R&D pro-
gram and in the BLACKER Phase 1 program.
DR. BARRY W. BOEHM
Dr. Boehm is currently Chief Engineer of TRW's Software and
Information Systems Division. Previously, he headed the Infor-
mation Sciences Department at The Rand Corporation, and was
Director of the 1971 Air Force CCIP-85 study. His responsibili-
ties at TRW include direction of TRW's internal software R&D
program, contract software technology projects, the TRW soft-
ware development policy and standards program, the TRW S oft-
ware Cost Methodology Program, and the TRW Software
Productivity System, an advanced software engineering support
environment.
Dr. Boehm received his B.A. in Mathematics from Harvard in
1957 and his M.A. and Ph.D from UCLA in 1961 and 1964, respectively. During 1978-79 he was a
Visiting Professor of Computer Science at USC; he is currently also a Visiting Professor of Computer
Science at UCLA. He serves on the Governing Board of the IEEE Computer Society, and on the
editorial boards of several journals. His most recent book, Software Engineering Economics, was
published by Prentice-Hall in September 1981.
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B I O G R A P H I E S
DR. STEPHEN T. KENT
Dr. Kent is the Chief Scientist of BBN Communications Corpo-
ration, a subsidiary of Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. At BBN,
he has served as project leader or principal investigator for a
number of projects, including the development of end-to-end
encryption systems for packet switched networks, design of a
secure transport layer protocol, design of personal authentication
systems, and performance analysis of end-to-end network secur-
ity systems. Dr. Kent is the author of several publications on the
topic of network security. He is the communication security
editor for the journal of Telecommunication Networks and a
member of the board of directors of the International Association
for Cryptologic Research. Dr. Kent has served as a national lecturer for the ACM and has lectured on
the topic of network security in the United States and Western Europe for George Washington
University, USC, MIT, the Department of Defense and several private firms. He received S.M., E.E.
and PhD. degrees in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
DR. KWANG-I YU
Dr. Kwang-I Yu was born in Hong Kong and grew up in
Malaysia. He became a United States citizen in 1980. He joined
TRW in December 1980, after completing his dissertation on
"Communicative Databases" (an architecture for managing large
numbers of distributed databases) at Caltech.
At TRW, Dr. Kwang-I Yu is a senior staff engineer in the
Software and Information Systems Division of the TRW Defense
Systems Group. His principal duty has been to direct IR&D
research in the database technology area. He also advises on major
proposals and contracts. Currently, he is the principal investiga-
tor of the "Associative Mass Storage Device" IR&D project,
where he leads a team of engineers in the development of advanced computer architectures for
relational database management and text processing. Dr. Kwang-I Yu holds a B.S. in Physics and
Mathematics from the Univerity of Richmond (Virginia) and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from
Caltech.
DR. RICHARD W. SCOTT
Dr. Scott is currently responsible for Artificial Intelligence tech-
nology applications at GTE Government Systems, Western Div-
ision, Mountain View, California. Dr. Scott is the program
manager for the development of several knowledge-based sys-
tems in support of DOD intelligence applications. He also man-
ages Western Division's Al independent research and
development program.
Dr. Scott has 18 years experience in the design and develop-
ment of C' systems with emphasis on the automation of intelli-
gence processing and analysis systems. Previously, he was the
program manager for the development of a real time ELINT C;I
system. In his activities at GTE, he has extensive interface with the R&D, S&T and operational
elements of the DOD community.
In addition to his current Al related activities, Dr. Scott has expertise in the areas of data base
management, modeling and decision analysis. Dr. Scott received his PhD from Standford University
in 1974.
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B I O G R A P H I E S
KERMITH H. SPEIERMAN
Mr. Speierman graduated from the University of Southern
California in June 1953 with an AB Degree in Mathematics, and
pursued graduate studies at the University of California from
August 1954 to March 1955.
From August 1953 to August 1954, Mr. Speierman was a
Programmer with the Electro Data Corporation. Between Sep-
tember 1955 and January 1959, he was Chief, Mathematics Sec-
tion, Atomic Energy Division, Babcock and Wilson Company.
Mr. Speierman then joined the Burroughs Corporation as Assist-
ant to the Manager of the Technical Services Department, Elec-
tro Data Division, and subsequently was Senior Staff Scientist,
Burroughs Laboratories, from February 1959 until November 1965.
In November 1965, Mr. Speierman joined the National Security Agency and was assigned as Chief,
Software, C9, until July 1973, when he was appointed Deputy Chief, Information and Computer
Services, C Group and from January 1974 to May 1977, Mr. Speierman served as Chief. In August
1980, Mr. Speierman became the Deputy Director for Telecommunications and Computer Services
and on 1 June 1983 was designated as Chief Scientist, NSA.
DR. STUART A. STEELE
Dr. Steele is Manager of Computer Control and Software Sys-
tems at RCA, Moorestown, NJ. He is responsible for 300 compu-
ter system personnel developing software intensive real-time
systems. Applications include Air Traffic Control, Command
and Control, Distributed Processing, Signal Processing, Simula-
tors, Radar Processing, and Intelligence Data Gathering. High
technology efforts are in Ada and Advanced Operating Systems.
Prior experience includes guidance and control system engi-
neering and he has served as Assistant Professor of Electrical
Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University with responsi-
bility for the Digital Systems Laboratory.
Dr. Steele has published over 40 papers in the Computer Control and Software Engineering field.
He has a B.S. in EE from Bucknell University and an M.S. and Ph.D. in EE from the Pennsylvania
State University.
ROBERT J. VIDENSEK
Mr. Vidensek has over 25 years of experience in software
development. That experience spans both line and project man-
agement at McDonnell Douglas, TRW, the Aerospace Corpora-
tion, and currently ESL.
His current assignment at ESL is corporate Software Practices
Manager where he is responsible for generations and administra-
tion of software development policies and for assisting project
managers in the use of and shaping of those policies to project
particulars. He is also responsible for auditing software activities
for on-going projects and for recommendations leading to project
redirection as audit resu tT warrant. In his role of Software Practices Manager, he originated and
developed a software quality assurance group and a software configuration management group at
ESL.
He is the father of ESL's Software Productivity Improvement Project (SPIP) and serves that
project as a member of its steering committee.
Mr. Vidensek holds an MS degree from Kansas State University.
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B I 0 G R I. P H I E S
COL. WILLIAM WHITAKER, USAF
Col. Whitaker has more than 28 years in the United States Air
Force, much of that at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory spe-
cializing in field testing and computer simulation of nuclear
weapons and their effects. He served as Chief Scientist of AFWL.
In 1973 Col. Whitaker was transferred to the Pentagon, Office of
the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, where he was
responsible for Defence basic research, advanced weapons tech-
nology, and advanced computer technology. He identified the
need for software research and established and chaired the High
Order Language Working Group, which formulated and ran the
effort that produced the Ada language. He continued this as
PHOTO
NOT
AVAILABLE
Assistant to the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. He has become a user of
Ada at his subsequent assignment as Technical Director for Digital Technology with the Air Force
Armament Laboratory and in his present position as Director for Advanced Technology of the World
Wide Military command and Control System (WWMCCS) Information System (WIS). WIS is one
of the largest early systems to use Ada as the implementation language and Col. Whitaker has been
involved in preparing the technology foundation that led to the decision to use Ada and in developing
and evaluating tools, techniques, standards, and guidelines for implementation.
He holds B.S. and M.S. degrees from Tulane University and a Ph.D. in Physics from the University
of Chicago.
MARK A. WILLIAMS
As Manager of the Artificial Intelligence center at ESL, Mr.
Williams is responsible for Al research and development, Al
marketing support, staff training, new concept formulations,
technology infusion, and AI equipment and facilities. His current
technical efforts involve the application of Al to tactical and
strategic reconnaissance. Specific areas of research include multi-
ple, distributed, autonomous and cooperating expert systems for
signal understanding, and the integration of Al techniques with
conventional signal processing techniques.
Prior to becoming the Al Center manager, Mr. Williams was
responsible for automated SIGINT signal acquisition and classification technology at ESL. Pattern
recognition theory and digital signal processing techniques were applied to achieve high probabilities
of correct classification for both single channel VHF/UHF signals and for baseband signals carried in
multiplexed, multichannel communications systems. Concepts of machine learning and articifial
intelligence were applied to the automatic classifiers to yield adaptive classification algorithms capable
of improving performance during system operation.
DR. DENNIS L. WILSON
Dr. Wilson has a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and more
than 20 years of experience in digital signal processing algo-
rithms. He is currently with Ford Aerospace and Communica-
tions Corporation where he leads a group involved in advancing
the state of the art in the algorithms and implementation of digital
signal processing. Specific projects that have come under Dr.
Wilson's direction include advanced signal recognition and signal
demodulation algorithm development.
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GROUP PARTICIPANTS
Ampex Corporation
BBN Communications Corporation
Booz ? Allen & Hamilton, Inc.
California Microwave, Inc.
Central Intelligence Agency
Computer Sciences Corporation
Computer Science Innovations, Inc.
Cray Research, Inc.
Defense Intelligence Agency
E-Systems, Inc., Garland Division
E-Systems, Inc., Greenville Division
Electrospace Systems, Inc.
ESL, Inc.
Ford Aerospace and Communications
Corporation
Gould, Inc.
GTE Government Systems Corporation
Harris Corporation
HRB-Singer, Inc.
Hughes Aircraft Company
Intelligence Community Staff
Intercon Systems Corporation
Litton ITEK Optical Systems
Lockheed Missile & Space Company, Inc.
Loral Electronic Systems
McDonnell Douglas Astronautics
Company
National Security Agency
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
Planning Research Corporation
Probe Systems, Inc.
RCA
Science Applications International
Corporation
System Development Corporation
Sperry Corporation
Stanford Telecommunications, Inc.
Technology for Communications
International
Technology Development of California
The Aerospace Corporation
Titan Systems Corporation
TRW
Ultra Systems Defense and Space
Systems, Inc.
US Army Missile Command
US Marine Corps
United Technologies
United Technologies Corporation
United Technologies Norden Systems
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SASA Board of Directors and Officers
President
Dr. Robert J. Hermann, United Technologies Corporation
Executive Vice President
Maj. Gen. John E. Morrison, Jr., (USAF) (Ret.), TheMVM Group, Inc.
Secretary/Treasurer
Mr. William H. Parsons, Consultant
General Counsel
Daniel B. Silver, Esq., William B. McGurn, III, Esq., Cleary, Gottlieb,
Steen & Hamilton
Chairman of the Board
Mr. Robert F. Welte, Loral Electronics Systems
Members
Vice Adm. E.A. Burkhalter, Jr., USN, Intelligence Community Staff
Mr. Kenneth Caviness, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company
Mr. George Cokas, Hughes Aircraft Company
Mr. Anthony Dignazio, Systems Engineering Development Corporation
Mr. Clark G. Fiester, GTE, Government Systems Corporation
Mr. R. P. (Phil) Henderson, Harris Corporation
Mr. Joseph S. Hull, Hull Associates, Inc.
Mr. Oliver Kirby, E-Systems, Inc.
Mr. Eugene Kopf, Litton ITEK Optical Systems
Honorable Donald C. Latham, Assistant Secretary of Defense C3!
Dr. William O. Mehuron, National Security Agency
Mr. Wayne Shelton, Planning Research Corporation
Mr. Robert D. Singel, Consultant
Mr. George F. Steeg, MITRE Corporation
Mr. Nathaniel W. Trembath, TRW Defense Systems Group
Mr. Donald J. Webster, Technology for Communications International
(TCI)
Lt. Gen. James A. Williams, USA, Defense Intelligence Agency
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Security Affairs Support Association
SASA is headquartered in downtown Annapolis, Maryland.
Requests for additional information by telephone or mail are
welcomed.
Security Affairs Support Association
80 West Street, Suite 110
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
[phone]
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