SVERDLOVSK GUIDED MISSILE PRODUCTION PLANT 8

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP87T00076R000102080001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 83
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 11, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 1, 1986
• Content Type: REPORT

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Top Secret
RCA 0910002186
May 1986
Copy r Cl
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Directorates of
Intelligence and
Science and Technology
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile
Production Plant 8 (s)
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Warning Notice Intelligence Sources
or Methods Involved
(WNINTEL)
National Security Unauthorized Disclosure
Information Subject to Criminal Sanctions
Dissemination Control
Abbreviations
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Directorates of
Intelligence and
Science and Technology
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile
Production Plant 8 (s)
Top Secret
Mar 1986
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Summary
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile
Production Plant 8 (S)
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8, located in downtown Sverd-
lovsk, is a key Soviet design, development, and production facility. The plant
has a long history of involvement with a large number of defensive missile
systems and missile-associated equipment and components. Also, the plant
has more recently become involved with offensive, long-range cruise missile
(LRCM) systems.
Also for this system, preparations may be under way to assemble
ground support equipment (GSE) has only recently stopped.
a missile that has some anti-tactical-ballistic-missile (ATBM) capabilities.
The plant is also associated with the production of the SH-08 antiballistic
missile (ABM) and with the SA- 10 air defense missile, which is known to be
assembled at another facility. In addition, the SS-N- 15 and SS-N- 16 antisub-
marine warfare (ASW) weapons are produced at Plant 8 as is the SS-NX-21
LRCM. Plant 8 may also be associated with the production of other naval
weapons. It is associated with attaching the launcher mechanism to the SA-
6/-11 launcher and with the final assembly of the SA-1 1 resupply vehicle. The
launcher mechanism for the AS- 15 air-launched cruise missile (ALCM) is
produced at the plant, as is a component for a space payload for the reusable
space shuttle orbiter. Production of the SA-4 missile and SA-4 and SA-6
space is dedicated to military production,
The production rates for most of these systems cannot be determined. More
than one system is apparently produced in each building, not all of the floor-
Production estimates could possibly be determined with
both an increase in the frequency and increase in the resolution of imagery of
filiated with it.
Because of the volume of products designed and produced at Plant 8, we be-
lieve some production credited to Plant 8 actually occurs at other facilities af-
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R(.9 09100021s(,
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Contents
Summary
Scope Note
Page
Background 1
SAM Systems
SA-6/-11 TELAR and SA-11 Transloader 15
SA-X- 12 System 15
SH-08 High-Acceleration ABM 16
Antisubmarine Warfare System 18
Cruise Missiles 19
SS-NX-21 /SSC-X-4 19
Other Systems 19
Naval Weapons 20
Space Payload 20
A Plant 8 Construction Chronology 23
B Canister History 29
C TEL/TELAR History 65
D Branch of Sverdlovsk Plant 8/Verkhnyaya Salda 79
Probable Missile Fabrication/Assembly Facility
Top Secret
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R('. 1 09/0002/86
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Sverdlovsk Guided Missile
Production Plant 8 (S)
Scope Note This report is a comprehensive analysis of available information
~on the evolution of Sverdlovsk Guided
Missile Production Plant 8 as a key design, development, and produc-
tion facility primarily for Soviet defensive missile systems. The report
describes the growth of the plant since 1959, its involvement with the
production of specific missile systems and missile-associated equip-
ment, and the production status of these systems. This report is de-
signed to provide analysts with insights into the complexities of multi-
system production at a single plant and the inherent problems in
estimating system production rates for such a plant.
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Sverdlovsk Guided Missile
Production Plant 8 (S)
Background
During and immediately after World War II, artil-
lery was produced at Sverdlovsk Guided Missile
Production Plant 8 (figure 1). When first imaged,
in 1959, component parts and associated equip-
ment for a variety of rocket and missile systems
were being produced at the plant. In the late 1960s
and early 1970s, the Soviets reorganized the enter-
prise system, which was implemented to accelerate
and increase the efficiency of transferring new
technology into production, by combining inde-
pendent research institutes, design bureaus, and
production enterprises into a single structure un-
der production associations (POs) and scientific
POs. At this time, Plant 8 was linked with the Yas-
kin and Lyulev Design Bureaus (OKBs) to form
the Sverdlovsk Production Association Machine
Building Factory I/N Kalinina (PO Kalinina). The
Lyulev OKB, collocated with Plant 8, is involved
with missile production technology, while the Yas-
kin OKB, separately located in Sverdlovsk, is in-
volved with the design of missile support equip-
ment. The addition of the Lyulev OKB to Plant 8
may account for 46 percent of the total adminis-
tration/engineering floorspace added between
1960 and 1970. However, conclusions presented
in this research paper apply only to Plant 8 and do
not necessarily reflect the total production associa-
tion.
Since 1959, Plant 8 has gone through four major
periods of expansion: between 1960 and 1970,
1971 and 1975, 1976 and 1980, and 1981 and
1985 (figure 2 and table 1).
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, facility bound-
aries were established in anticipation of future ex-
pansion. The plant is divided into a western half
and a separately secured eastern half. Two trans-
shipment yards, an eastern and western yard, are
along the northern side of the facility. Rail and
'The Soviet enterprise system is a generic term used to refer to the plant,
the design bureau, and the research institute and is the cornerstone of
the development and production processes. The production associa-
tions and scientific production associations are not necessarily within
the plant with which they are associated. (S)
road service is available in both halves of the facil-
ity, although production buildings are found only
in the western half. 25X1
In 1959, Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production
Plant 8 consisted of three fabrication/assembly
buildings, three administration/engineering build-
ings, one cafeteria, one vehicle maintenance build-
ing, seven shop/forge/foundry buildings, one large
transshipment building, various other support
buildings, and two transshipment yards (figures 2
and 3 and table 2).
In 1964, three large SA-4-associated fabrication/
assembly buildings were being added to the plant.
These are the only production buildings that can
be associated with a specific system. Also in 1964,
four new administration/engineering buildings
were completed, possibly for the Lyulev OKB (fig-
ure 2 and table 2).
Between 1971 and 1975, moderate levels of fabri-
cation, support, and administration floorspace
were added to the plant. However, over one-fifth
of the floorspace added was for administration/en-
gineering buildings, an indication of the reorgani-
zation of Plant 8 from strictly a production facility
into a production association with two design bu-
reaus. In 1972, prototype missile canisters-as op- 25X1
posed to series production canisters-were ob-
served in the northern half of the eastern
transshipment yard, another indication of reorga-
nization. Prototypes have been observed there
since 1972.
Two major fabrication/assembly buildings were
completed between 1974 and 1976; one contains a
probable hydrostatic test stand (figure 4). (A hy-
drostatic test stand is used to test filament-wound
motor cases and/or possibly canisters.) Support for
motor case and/or canister production during the
development and production of new missile sys-
tems as well as support for other series production
probably occurs in these buildings.
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Table 1
Periods of Major Construction at Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8
Function Floor
Existi
space Floorspace Added Total Plant
ng (sq m) Floorspace
Befor
e1960 1960-1970 1971-1975
1976-1980 1981-1985 (sq m)
Admin/Engr 18,2
31 42,952 10,585
13,540 4,173 89,481
Production Spt 32,4
39 29,316a 2,977
18,658 12,658b 96,048
This table is classified
Figure 1
Locations of Sverdlovsk and Verkhnyaya Salda
?
Verkhn
?
Sverdlovsk
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Figure 4
Probable Hydrostatic Test Stand, 13 July 74
A new large vehicle storage/maintenance area was
completed in 1981. This increase in vehicle stor-
age and maintenance indicates that wheeled vehi-
cles were to become the primary mode of intra-
plant transportation in support of new programs.
In recent years, preparations were being made to
modernize production capabilities at Sverdlovsk
by adding computers and robotics. One building
for computers and an attached building for com-
puter support were constructed between 1981 and
A large specialized fabrication/assembly
completed in December 1985.
A more detailed chronology of the construction at
Plant 8 can be found in Appendix A.
The Verkhnyaya Saida Probable Missile Fabri-
cation/Assembly Facility, the Saida branch, is dis-
building, which may house robotics, was externally cussed in Appendix D.
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Significant amounts of work may be done at other
facilities affiliated with Plant 8. We are not confi-
dent we have identified all these "subcontractors,"
and infrequent coverage of the Salda branch, one
we have identified, precludes an accurate produc-
tion rate estimate (Appendix D).
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 is
one of six defensive missile production facilities in
the Soviet Union, but it is the only defensive mis-
sile production plant that also produces the GSE
for defensive missiles, offensive missiles, and of-
fensive missile GSE.
Plant 8 has been or is involved with production of
GSE for four SAM systems; this GSE includes the
SA-4 transporter-erector-launcher (TEL), the SA-6
TEL, the SA-X- 12 (both for the GLADIATOR and
the GIANT) transporter-erector-launcher and ra-
dar (TELAR), and the SA-X- 12 resupply vehicle
that is referred to as a transloader, the SA-11 re-
supply vehicle, referred to as a transloader, and ei-
ther the SA-6 and/or the SA-11 TELAR (chart 1).
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Overall System Development at Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 *
SA-4 Missile
SA-X-12 Giant
SH-08 (ABM)
SS-N-15/16b/21"
SS-N-16a
SA-6/-11 TELAR/
Transloader
SA-X-12 TELAR/
Transloader
Transitional Periods
Series Production
Prototype/Preseries Production
In addition, the SS-
his reflects the position of Plant 8 as a NX-21 LRCM is produced at Plant 8, and the
key weapons production facility in the Soviet plant is probably involved in the production of its
Union. ground-launched version. Plant 8 may also be in-
volved with prototype work on additional naval
Series production of the SH-08 ABM and the GI- weapons and is the production facility for a com-
ANT subsystem of the SA-X- 12 SAM will begin at ponent for a space payload for the reusable space
PO Kalinina, following State approval and accep- shuttle orbiter. Small boats are manufactured at
tance of those systems and completion of a pro-
duction facility for the s stems.
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Production rates for systems produced at Plant 8
cannot currently be determined for the following
reasons:
? In contrast to our past understanding of prac-
tices, but more in line with recent trends in the
Soviet defense industries, more than one system
is apparently being produced in a single assem-
bly building. We do not know what portion of to-
tal floorspace is available for any one system
and, therefore, cannot use floorspace as an indi-
cator of production capacity.
? Apparently, covered indoor storage for the mis-
siles is adequate for current production rates be-
cause we see fewer canisters2 than would be ex-
pected, considering the volume of production
However, as
rates increase, we expect more canisters and pos-
sibly GSE to be stored in the open. If this occurs,
production rate estimates may be possible, even
though the use of canvas and netting to cover
shipping containers has increased. Otherwise,
Large amounts of SA-4 equipment, stored in open
transshipment yards, had been identified on satel-
lite imagery of Plant 8 by December 1966. Produc-
tion of SA-4 equipment may have begun as early
as 1965 in three large fabrication/assembly build-
ings, although
As many as
250
shipping canisters an oosters and 30 TELs
were seen at any one time between 1966 and 1975
(Appendixes B and Q. The shipping practices at
that time indicate that missiles and possibly TELs
were held in the yards until enough equipment was
available for a unit. Exact counts of the TELs or
chassis, however, could not be made after the con-
struction of a protective shed (begun in 1970) in
the western transshipment yard concealed some of
these vehicles. However, the number of SA-4 mis-
sile shipping canisters generally declined between
1975 and 1978, while counts of SA-4 TELs and
chassis remained fairly constant. No confirmed
SA-4 TELs were seen at Plant 8 after June 1979,
and by July 1983, the number of SA-4 canisters
had dropped to no more than six.
SAM Systems
SA-4
The SA-4 was the first missile produced in mass
quantity at Plant 8. First deployed in 1967, the
SA-4 is a mobile, medium- to high-altitude, medi-
um-range SAM consisting of four solid-propellant,
strap-on boosters and a liquid-propellant sustain-
er. It is deployed with Soviet forces in the USSR
and Eastern Europe and with East European na-
tional forces. The SA-4 missile and booster were
produced solely at Plant 8, and the launcher mech-
anism of the SA-4 TEL chassis, which was shipped
in from another plant, was assembled at Plant 8.
SA-6 TELs were first observed at the plant in
1969. The SA-6, a mobile, low- to medium-alti-
tude, short- to medium-range tactical SAM, is de-
ployed in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact
countries and is exported to many other countries.
At Plant 8, the launcher mechanisms were at-
tached to chassis received from another plant(s),
identified at Plant 8, indicating that only the SA-6
TEL, and not the SA-6 missile, was produced at
the plant. Between 1969 and early 1985, an aver-
age of 15 to 20 TELs was observed. No SA-6 TELs
'The canisters that are observed are probably empty and have been used
or are awaiting use.
'Evidence of direct shipping stems from repeated observations of tracks
in the snow during the winter months. These tracks lead directly into
the transshipment building and not to the individual canisters within
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During the 1970s, the Soviets developed/modified
a version of the SA-6 TEL to include a target en-
gagement radar. Two systems are associated with
this modification, the SA-6 TELAR and SA-11
TELAR. The SA-6 TELAR has a three-rail launch-
er mechanism, and the SA-11 TELAR has a four-
rail launcher mechanism. The SA-11 is a short-
range, low- to medium-altitude, mobile, tactical
SAM. This system has capabilities against fixed-
wing and rotary aircraft and may have some capa-
bilities against cruise missiles. The new SA-6/-1 1
chassis was first observed at Sverdlovsk in 1980.
Between five and 30 of these chassis have been ob-
served in both transshipment yards (Appendix Q.
The launcher mechanism is probably attached to
the chassis at Plant 8 before final assembly at an-
other facility. Neither the SA-6 nor the SA-11 mis-
sile is produced at Plant 8.
It is not certain whether the SA-6 TELAR or the
SA-1 1 TELAR is being series produced at Plant 8.
Fabrication and installation of the rail mechanism
and the crane of the SA-11 transloader (resupply
vehicle) probably occur at Plant 8.
SA-X-12 System
The GLADIATOR, one of two subsystems of the
SA-X- 12, is a multialtitude, medium- to long-
range system primarily for use against aircraft.
Missiles are transported in and launched from can-
isters mounted on a TELAR. The GLADIATOR
TELAR and transloader can carry up to four canis-
ters each. The GIANT is the other subsystem of
the SA-X- 12 and is believed to have ATBM capa-
bilities, with a secondary function as an air de-
fense weapon. The GIANT TELAR and trans-
loader can carry only two canisters each; however,
they are larger than the canisters of the GLADIA-
TOR system. The same chassis are probably used
for both the GIANT and GLADIATOR TELAR
and transloader.
In 1972, the GLADIATOR prototype canister was
first observed, and the SA-X- 12 system was first
Both Plant 8
However, by the end of 1972, they
considered the GLADIATOR a separate missile
system. Work on both canisters was proceeding at
Safonovo Plastics Plant and Leningrad Machine
Building Plant 232 (Bolshevik Machine Building
Plant).
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In 1974, prototype canisters for both systems were
at Emba Missile Test Center (MTC).? Emba MTC
is a primary test and development area for tactical 25X1
SAMs. Numerous crates of various sizes have also
been observed at Sverdlovsk and at Emba MTC
and may be related to testing of the SA-X- 12 pro-
totypes.
served in the eastern transshipment yard.5
Between 1975 and 1978, prototype canisters for
both the GLADIATOR and GIANT were ob-
4Two types of prototype canisters associated with each subsystem of the
SA-X-12 have been observed. The earlier prototype canisters of the GI-
ANT and the GLADIATOR featured a conical cap. Later versions, fea-
turing a slightly domed cap and a shorter overall length, were identified
at Sverdlovsk Plant 8 in 1977 for the GLADIATOR and in 1980 for the
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and a GLADIATOR
TELAR/transloader was first observed at Plant 8
in January 1983.
This order may have represented machine
The solid-propellant motors are filled prob-
ably at Perm Solid Motor Production Plant.
The launch cradle mechanism is probably pro-
duced and installed at Plant 8, and the command
guidance radar for the GLADIATOR TELAR is
installed on a chassis supplied by another plant.
The cradle mechanism and the crane for the trans-
loader are probably installed at Plant 8. TELAR or
transloader chassis were first observed at Plant 8
in March 1982, but little was done with them for
several months. In January 1983, the complete
TELAR/transloader was first observed in the
transshipment area, and one or two TELARs/
transloaders have been present on subsequent oc-
casions.
number of launch vehicles and
transloaders being delivered to Emba MTC and
the Orenburg troop training facilities. These deliv-
eries indicate that initial operational deployment
may occur in early to mid-1986.
Although the GIANT missile is not yet in series
production
tional areas-one for series-produced items and the other for prototype
items (Figure 3). Typically, the series-produced items are in the south-
tion/assembly building that was externally com-
plete in December 1985 and will probably be oper-
tools needed to fit out the large specialized fabrica-
ational in early 1987.
However,
GIANT TELARs/transloaders have not been seen
there, and no increase in the number of GIANT
TELARs/transloaders at Emba MTC has been ob-
served. The start of series production of the GI-
ANT is probably dependent on successful comple-
tion of flight testing at Emba MTC and comple-
tion of the specialized fabrication building.
SH-08 High-Acceleration ABM
The Lyulev OKB was involved in the devel-
opment of the missile motor and first canister. F_
Developmental work on the SH-08 conical motor
from the early 1970s through 1984 so closely par-
alleled that on the smaller GIANT conical booster
that the two systems were confused at least once
by the Soviets, when an order for a component
part used on both systems was mistakenly identi-
fied with the GIANT rather than the SH-08. Also,
IIn 1974, the
two systems were linked for the first time when
Zubets, a motor design bureau (MPB), was to ship
'Some of the references refer to a designator originally interpreted as
that of the SA-10. However, we believe that information provided indi-
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both mandrels used in the production of the mo-
tors within a month of each other to Safonovo
Plastics Plant. Both mandrels were shipped while
Zubets MPB was developing the SH-08 and the
GIANT motors, indicating similar motor winding
technology. Other parts were also used for both
motors.
Sary-Shagan MTC,
The activity and involvement of Plant 8 indicates
that some of the prototype work was most likely
performed in the missile-associated fabrication/as-
sembly building that was completed in 1975. Both
the GIANT and the SH-08 will most likely be se-
ries produced in the large specialized fabrication/
assembly building that was externally completed
in December 1985. Additional work may be per-
formed in other buildings at the plant and at the
Saida branch. Series production of the SH-08 will
probably be contingent on the successful comple-
tion of the flight test program at Sary-Shagan
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In the latter part of the year, a large
conical motor, probably for the SH-08, was ob-
served in the test facility transshipment yard at
Perm Solid Motor Production Plant, indicating
that the motor had probably been tested.
The first confirmed test firing of the SH-08 was
conducted at the missile test range at Sary-Shagan
MTC ono On an SH-08
canister was first observed outside the secured
eastern transshipment area at Plant 8, indicating
that the canister was empty. The canister likely
served as a shipping container for this test firing.
MTC
An alternate view7 is that the SH-08 ABM may be
series assembled by the PO Kalinina. However,
imagery revealed SA-10/SA-N-6 canisters
at that facility at about that time.' However, there
is no data to suggest that the Soviet Navy is spon-
soring development of a naval variant of the SH-
08 ABM, for use either aboard ships or ashore to
'The holder of this view is the Office of Science and Weapons Research,
Central Intelligence Agency (C).
From 1976 to 1981, only the aforementioned SH-
08 ABM canister was observed at Plant 8, but by
the end of 1981, three more had been added. Since
1983, an average of 13 to 14 SH-08 canisters has
been observed at Plant 8 (figure 5), with a high
count of 17. Testing of the SH-08 continues at
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defend naval installations against attack by strate- canisters modified with a lengthened nose, were
gic ballistic missiles. used to transport the SS-N-16a submarine-
Therefore, a direct association of the SH-08 devel-
opment and production pro grams with PO Kalin-
ina can only be derived
Such production may have begun at a remote
plant subordinate to the PO, which, according to
Antisubmarine Warfare Missile Systems
ASW missile canister prototypes were first ob-
launched, long-range ASW missile and possibly
other prototype equipment. Several bulbous-end-
ed, air-dropped payload test vehicle canisters (BL-
05s) were also observed in 1972.
In 1975, two four- or five-banded canisters, associ-
ated with the SS-N- 15, were identified at Plant 8.
The SS-N- 15, a submarine-launched, medium-
range missile that delivers a nuclear depth bomb,
was first deployed in the mid-1970s. From 1976 to
1978, from five to 50 canisters associated with the
SS-N- 15 were observed, indicating that series pro-
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The final assembly of the SS-
From 1979 through 1985, ASW canisters dominat-
ed the northern portion of the eastern transship-
ment yard and overflowed to the western trans-
shipment yard. The increase in the number of
canisters from 25 to 15010 was an indication that
series production of the SS-N-16b had begun and
that it was deployed during this time. The SS-N-
16a also entered series production and was de-
ployed during this time. The ASW missiles are
probably being produced in a large fabrication/as-
sembly building that became operational in 1976,
just prior to the start of series production of these
systems (item 17b, figure 2 and table 2).
tate identification of the four SS-N- 16 variants,
have been observed in the diameter or length of
the two types of ASW canisters at Plant 8.
NX-21/SSC-X-4 is possibly being performed in ar-
eas formerly used for SA-4 missile production be-
cause the basic production techniques are similar
No specific canister at Plant 8 can be attributed
solely to the SS-NX-21 /SSC-X-4 system. A distinc-
tive five-banded canister seen in large numbers at
Plant 8 has been associated with SS-NX-21 /SSC-
X-4 testing at Nenoksa Naval Missile Test Center;
however, this canister also carries the SS-N- 15 and
launcher.
Other Systems
The contemporary canister is a nine-banded, canister; the
modified SA-4 canister was lengthened from its original
Although A-1
'The SS-NX-21 and the SSC-X-4 missiles probably used common com-
ponents during the flight test programs, indicating that these are vari-
ants of the same design. Therefore, it is like) that production of the
SSC-X-4 began at Sverdlovsk in late 1985.
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Appendix A
Plant 8 Construction Chronology
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Appendix A
Plant 8 Construction Chronology
This appendix provides a thorough explanation of
construction within Sverdlovsk Guided Missile
Production Plant 8 (figure 2 and table 2) and es-
tablishes either multiple system-to-building associ-
ations or building functions.
Sverdlovsk Plant 8-Baseline
In 1959, Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production
Plant 8 consisted of three fabrication/assembly
buildings (items 64, 66, and 75; figures 1 and 2);
three administration/engineering building (items
24, 42, and 76); one cafeteria (item 33); a vehicle
maintenance building (item 69); seven shop/forge/
foundry buildings (items 31b, 41a, 44, 53, 59, 60,
and 63); one large transshipment buildin item
40); and various other support buildings.
Until 1959, Plant 8 was involved with the produc-
tion of artillery pieces, with examples now dis-
played in an outside museum next to an adminis-
tration support building (item 70). With the
establishment of the production association, in-
creased administration and production space was
needed. This increase included the construction of
fabrication/assembly buildings, administration/en-
gineering buildings, additional forge/foundry and
heating plant sections, as well as cafeterias and
storage buildings.
Since 1959, Plant 8 has gone through four major
periods of expansion: between 1960 and 1970,
1971 and 1975, 1976 and 1980, and 1981 and
1985 (table I).
Transportation within the facility changed from
rail service to predominately road service since the
initial expansion. There are two road and two rail
entrances. A rail and a road entrance are near each
of the two transshipment yards and next to the
materials storage areas at the eastern end of the
larg-
plant. Some of the rail lines among the older,
unused.
er buildings have been removed or appear
Fabrication/assembly buildings constructed after
1965 are all road served.
In the late 1950s, the steamplant (item 27) was lo-
cated on the easternmost edge of the production
area. Expansion of the facility to the east left the
steamplant in a more central location. The steam-
plant was enlarged in 1965; and in 1983, construc-
tion began on a new section
In the early 1960s, three large SA-4-associated fab-
rication/assembly buildings (items 29, 45, and
46a) were constructed. These are the only produc-
tion buildings that can be associated with a specif-
ic missile system. Sections were added to the
forge/foundry buildings (items 31 a, c, and d and
41 c and d). The south section of a fabrication/as-
sembly building (item 46b), which was begun by
May 1965, was not externally complete until Au-
gust 1971. A cafeteria was also constructed (item
48).
The physical configuration, size, and construction
period of two sections of a forge/foundry building
(items 41 c and d) indicate that they were most
likely associated with TEL and later with TELAR
production, in particular the SA-4 and SA-6 TELs,
SA-6/-II TELARs, and the SA-X- 12 TELARs/
transloaders. Another fabrication/assembly build-
ing (item 66) may also be involved with TEL-
AR production because truck-pulled trailers,
parked outside the building, could easily transport
vehicles to the transshipment yards or to the TEL/
Current facility boundaries were most likely estab-
lished during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Rail
service to a storage building (item 2) and a petro-
leum, oils, and lubricants (POL) storage area (item
1), both in the eastern portion of the facility, was
established by the mid-1960s and remains the
easternmost portion of the current facility bound-
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TELAR test area outside Sverdlovsk. A fabrica-
tion/assembly building (item 45) may be associat-
ed with the finishing of articles from a nearby fab-
rication/assembly building (item 46). This assess-
ment is based on articles outside the building and
the traffic pattern in the facility. Access is readily
available to large vehicles. One of the fabrication/
assembly buildings (item 29) was most likely the
SA-4 missile final assembly building. It is near a
rail line, and transport of the missiles could be ac-
complished using rail-mounted cranes in the trans-
shipment yards. The forge/foundry sections (items
41c and d) produce the raw materials for both mis-
The administration/engineering buildings added
to this facility in the mid-1960s (items 21, 72, 73,
and 74) indicate a marked increase in the design
function. The Lyulev OKB, associated with this
production association, may be located in these
b
ldi
ngs
ui
.
In addition, several small support buildings were
constructed, including a possible laboratory (item
71) and a large final product storage and transship-
ment b
il. in
i_.--_
u
g
38
Sverdlovsk Plant 8-1970 to the Present
Additional construction began in the early 1970s,
when one large and one small fabrication/assembly
building (items 17 and 34a) were built. The large
fabrication assembly section (item IN contains a
probable hydrostatic test stand. Its completion in
April 1975 probably indicates that the building is
involved with the prototype production of some
missiles and series production of others, in partic-
ular the SS-N- 15, SS-N-16a/b, the GLADIATOR,
and probably the SH-08 and GIANT. Just after the
external completion of an addition to a fabrica-
tion/assembly building (item 17b), construction
began on a possible acoustical building (item 10),
which was later linked to the fabrication/assembly
section (item 17b). The center portion of the possi-
ble acoustical building, not now visible, is an open
area without internal walls. Components, instead
of entire missiles, may also be tested within the
buildi
n
The eastern area of Plant 8 may be considered the
missile section of the facility, and the western area
may be considered the TEL/TELAR area. The fab-
rication/assembly section (item 34a) of a fabrica-
tion/assembly building, constructed between Au-
gust 1971 and January 1974, may be involved with
small items associated with the systems produced
there or may be involved with civilian products. F
Construction of a specialty workshop (item 13)
was started in July 1974 and completed in April
1977. It is associated with a wood conditioning
building (item 12), which indicates that these two
buildings are involved with small items (possibly
woodworking and painting) and/or civilian prod-
uctn
Construction was started in the late 1970s on a ve-
hicle maintenance area in the southern section of
the facility, near the POL storage area (item 1).
Five buildings (items 14, 15, 16, 22, and 23) and a
large vehicle parking area were added. Some of the
vehicles now parked in this new area were kept at
various locations in the plant. The placement of
this area along the southern edge of the facility in-
di
cates anticitdi
pae expanson.
A waste treatment building (item 26) was added to
Plant 8 in 1977. Other miscellaneous support and
,.a__ _._
st
orage
In 1978, construction was completed on the fuel
storage area (item 52), in the southwestern part of
the plant. Construction in this area was possibly in
response to the addition of the SS-NX-21 /SSC-X-4
missile to the production schedule of this plant.
This area 1s pro a y e
fueling facility for this system. It is separately se-
cured, and at least one of the buildings within the
area has a drive-through capability. Just after the
completion of this area, construction began on a
shop (item 49), which may be used to support the
fuel storage area. Different types of canisters,
some of them canvas covered, have been seen out-
oFvi
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side this building. Support in the production of
part of prototype SS-NX-2 I /SSC-X-4 missiles
probably first occurred in the missile-associated
fabrication/assembly section (item 17b) of that
fabrication/assembly building.
In recent years, Sverdlovsk has been preparing to
modernize production capabilities by adding com-
puters and robotics. Between 1981 and 1983, a
computer building (item 8) and an attached build-
t-
ing for computer support (item 7) were construc
ed in the eastern portion of the plant
They may support
the production association or may be for the cali-
bration of radar for the various missile systems.
In 1982, construction began on a large specialized
fabrication/assembly building (item 19). Each bay
of the building appears to have a different func-
tion, but the building will probably be for series
production of missiles. Delays in the construction
of this building were due to problems with docu-
mentation and building supplies. Although con-
struction of this building started at a slow pace, it
f shed very quickly. Based on the comple-
n-
facturing and assembly may be done there. An ad-
ditional administration/engineering building (item
20), near the southeastern corner of a fabrication/
assembly building (item 19), may be used to sup-
port this fabrication/engineering building.
Estimates of the number of people working at
Plant 8 have been made using existing cafeteria
space. Assuming that these cafeterias are operating
at capacity, approximately 12,000 to 16,000 peo-
ple (using three or four dining shifts, respectively)
may be employed at Plant 8. However, this esti-
mate may be high because one cafeteria (item 18)
may not be operating to capacity. This cafeteria
was recently connected to a nfabrication/assembly
ot be at capacity
building (item 19), and may yet
because the fabrication/assembly building was just
ti
-
. Therefore, the es
mates may reflect a plant population in 1986 or
1987. Additionally, not all of the people are in-
volved in missile production. Some people are in-
O
n
volved in the roduction of civilian products.
Summary
The evolution of Sverdlovsk Plant 8 has been an
ordered one. The appropriate space and capabili-
ties for systems currently being produced were
added before they were needed. It was only recent-
ly that large increases in floorspace were needed at
the plant. The increase in floorspace also appar-
ently resulted in an increased need for heat and
steam production. In the future, any increase in
the floorspace of Plant 8 may be outside the
boundaries of this facility, as it was with the
branch of Plant 8 at Saida. Alternatively, any
changes in production may warrant a retooling of
existing buildings.
was i
tion of this building in December 1985, we project
that series production will begin in early 1987.
L____- The timing of this building in-
dicates that Plant 8 will probably be the series pro-
duction facility for the GIANT and the SH-08 mis-
siles. Both missile systems use conical motors, and
these motors have been seen at the same develop-
ment and production facilities, indicating that
both motors will probably require similar assem-
bly technologies. It is unlikely that complete final
assembly will be performed in this building be-
cause a branch of the plant may be performing that
task, but fitting out and some component manu-
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Appendix B
Canister History
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Appendix B
Canister History
This appendix provides a chronology of the evolu-
tion of missile research, development, and produc-
tion at Plant 8, from 1966 through 1985, by pre-
senting the number of canisters observed on a
sampled date from each year (table B 1). A spring
or early summer date was chosen to provide a
baseline as nearly constant as possible. When that
was not possible, the best available imagery for the
year was used. This appendix was not designed to
provide a means of determining production rates;
at the present time, except for the SA-4 system,
production rate estimates cannot be made from
the numbers of canisters present in the yard be-
cause the canisters are probably empty. However,
the numbers of canisters do give an appreciation
for relative levels of activity over a long period of
time.
Organizational changes in the early 1970s necessi-
tated modification of the transshipment yards to
accommodate prototype and preseries production
of a variety of new systems. This modification was
most likely due to the increase in the responsibil-
ities of the plant. A second modification of the
transshipment yards occurred in the mid-1980s,
possibly in anticipation of future systems.
It should be noted that in the prototype or early
limited production of systems such as the SS-N-
16a, SS-N-15, GLADIATOR, GIANT, and the
SH-08, the quantities of canisters were consistent
with those seen in other years because those num-
bers represented the same canisters. The canisters
were sometimes shifted within the yard but re-
mained there. Those canisters were probably emp-
ty and remained at the plant for several years be-
fore being removed. The Soviets seem to follow
very closely their practice of producing items in
lots of fives and tens when in preseries production.
Certain crates appeared to be uniquely associated
with certain systems, while others remained un-
identified or were probably used by several sys-
tems. Certain smaller component canisters ob-
served at Sverdlovsk were also observed at naval
missile storage areas, Emba MTC, and the branch
at Verkhnyaya Salda. Determination of the specif-
ic function of these crates and canisters will re-
quire further study.
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8
Date
Year Type Canister
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
SA-4 shipping canister 16 40 134 - - 190
SA-4 booster canister - - 50 poss 46 - 96
1968
1969
SA-4 shipping canister 86 26 68 - - 180
SA-4 booster canister 8 28b 8 92 - 136
crate - - 168 - - 168 25X1
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SA-4 shipping canister 36
SA-4 booster canister 10
long crate -
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SA-4 shipping canister - 26 100 14
SA-4 booster canister 18 40b 46 -
long crate - - - -
SA-4 booster canister
SA-4 booster canister
modified
SA-4 canister
canister with
bulbous end (BL-05)
GLADIATOR
prototype canister
component
canister
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1965-No high-resolution imagery was available.) 25X1
1966--In 1966, both transshipment yards were crowded with equipment. The western transshipment
yard had no roof cover, and SA-4 TELs, SA-4 shipping canisters, SA-4 booster canisters, and a
large number of unidentified objects were shipped from there. The buildings in the eastern trans-
shipment yard were much the way they appeared at the end of 1985. However, the area north of
the rail line was much smaller in 1966 and provided only limited storage capacity.
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1967-Both transshipment yards remained crowded. Again, large numbers of unidentified objects were
in the western transshipment area. No physical changes to the yards were apparent. 25X1
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1968-No usable imagery was available. 25X1
1969-The eastern transshipment yard was crowded with SA-4 shipping canisters, while a relatively
small number of canisters were in the western transshipment yard. A large number of unidenti-
fied crates were within the eastern transshipment area and, because of their location within a se-
cured area, may have contained components of the SA-4.
1970-A storage shed to house approximately 16 TELs had been constructed in the western transship-
ment yard, denying further accurate counts of vehicles. The southern portion of the eastern
transshipment yard had been expanded. Unidentified material remained in the western trans-
shipment yard.
1971-The physical appearance of the transshipment yards remained unchanged. The absence of mis-
sile shipping canisters in the western transshipment yard continued until 1984.
1972-This year marked the most noticeable year for physical changes in the eastern transshipment
yard (figure B 1). The secured area north of the rail line was greatly expanded. For the first time,
prototype missile canisters were observed in this northern area, marking its beginning as a proto-
type yard. The three prototypes were the modified SA-4 canisters, believed to contain 25X1
a prototype SS-N- 16; the canisters with a bulbous end, containing the BL-05 air- 25X1
dropped test vehicle; and an
GLADIATOR prototype canister. 225X1
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Date
Year Type Canister
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
modified
SA-4 canister
canister with
bulbous end (BL-05)
GLADIATOR
prototype canister
modified - 1
SA-4 canister
canister with - 4
bulbous end (BL-05)
GLADIATOR - 2
prototype canister
GLADIATOR - 4
prototype canister
106
162
Small component - Numerous - - - Numerous
canister
Unid canister - - 2
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1973-No apparent change to the eastern transshipment yard was observed.
1974-A new addition to the TEL shed in the western transshipment yard had been constructed since
1972. No changes in the physical appearance of the eastern transshipment yard were observed,
however, numerous small component canisters and crates of varying sizes were in the prototype
area of the northern part of the eastern transshipment yard (figure B2). Crates of sizes similar to
two of these crates were also observed in the SA-X- 12
support area at Emba MTC in 1974.
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Date
Year Type Canister
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
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modified - 7
SA-4 canister
banister with
bulbous end (BL-05)
9LADIATOR
prototype canister
GIANT
prototype canister
_Japprox)
canisters
125
7 25X1
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1975-Foundations for the construction of an addition to the TEL shed and a shed over the rail transfer
point in the western transshipment and were observed. This year marked the first observation of
the GIANT prototype canister
in the prototype area of the eastern transship- 25X1
C
ment yard. Two four- or five-banded canisters that may be associated with the SS-N- 15 were also
in that yard. Shadows obscured what may have been the same types of crates as observed in 1974
(figure B3). In addition, round unidentified objects were first observed in 1975 and were still
present through 25X1
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Date Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Year Type Canister Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
canister - 6
GLADIATOR
prototype canister
GIANT - 5
prototype canister
GLADIATOR
prototype canister
4- or 5-
__](approx) - 6
component canister
_Japprox) - 2
component canister
Crate/round object - Numerous - - - Numerous
(various sizes include
three types of square
boxes seen at Emba)
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1976-The shed over the rail transfer point in the western transshipment area was complete. Additions
to both ends of the TEL storage shed in that yard, as well as widening of an existing shed, were
also complete. Six additional TELs may now be stored under cover. The prototype area of the
eastern transshipment yard contained many different types and sizes of crates and canisters,
while the southern portion was relatively empty of SA-4 shipping canisters. The large number of
canisters may have indicated that the SS-N- 15 has entered series or preseries pro- 25X1
duction. Also present were smaller component canisters, usually associated with naval ASW
weapons. The SH-08 ABM canister was first observed in July 1976 and remained outside the se-
cured area of the yard until the early 1980s. Prototype GLADIATOR canisters were no longer
present in 1976. 25X1
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Date
Year Type Canister
modified - 10
SA-4 canister
canister
with bulbous end (BL-05)
GIANT
prototype canister
GLADIATOR
canister
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
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9 - - - 9 25X1
4-5 - - - 4-5 25X1
10-14i - - - 10-14 25X1
10 - - - 10 25X1
2 - - - 2 25X1
2 - - - 2 25X1
3 - - - 3
5 - - - 5
7 - - - 7
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1977-No changes to the physical appearance of the transshipment yards were observed in 1977. Fewer
SA-4 shipping canisters were evident in the southern part of the eastern transshipment yard, and
no SA-4 shipping canisters were evident in the northern prototype area (figure B4). The present-
day configuration of the GLADIATOR canister and the SS-N-1 6a canister, both observed in the
prototype yard, were confirmed. Large numbers of both long crates (possibly associat- 25X1
ed with SA-4s), long component canisters associated with naval weapons), as well as 25X1
several unidentified canisters in the ran e were observed within the prototype 25X1
area. This year marked the first observation of nidentified canisters. 25X1
25X1
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Table Bl
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Date Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Year Type Canister Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
modified - 9
canister - 10
with bulbous end (BL-05)
GIANT - 5
prototype canister
GLADIATOR
canister
25X1
10 25X1
5 25X1
6 poss 25X1
38 25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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1978-The area just north of the western transshipment yard was being cleared and prepared for the
eventual construction of a large storage building that may be related to the transshipment of
equipment. The eastern transshipment yard appeared to have reached a peak of activity. More
types and numbers of equipment were present than ever before or since. The northern prototype
area in the eastern transshipment yard appeared to have been divided, with one corner devoted
to canisters for SAM prototypes and the remainder of the area occupied by naval weapons canis-
ters. Large numbers of SS-N- 15 canisters were again in this area, as well as substantial numbers
of the production-configuration SS-N-16a canisters. Ten canisters of the SA-10 size range= 25X1
meters long) were in the northern prototype area, but identification could not be confirmed be-
cause they were canvas covered. This year also marked the identification of possible SUW-N-1
and SUW-N-2 (surface-to-underwater ASW missiles) canisters, which are not prototype or series
produced at Plant 8. These canisters may have been involved with transportation of unidentified
articles to the plant. 25X1
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Date
Year Type Canister
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
long crate
m modified
canister
iPIANT
prototype canister
GLADIATOR
canister
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
long crate - 3 - - - 3
long crate - I - - - 1
long, 3-banded crate - 1 4 - - 5
long crate - 2 14 - - 16
square crate - - 7 - - 7
unid canister - - - - - -
component canister - 5 8 13 - 26
component canister - - 2 - - 2
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1979-No changes from the previous year were seen in the physical appearance of the yards. Construc-
tion continued on the large storage buildings in an area adjacent to the western transshipment
yards. The numbers and positioning of the types of equipment in the prototype area of the east-
ern transshipment yard had changed significantly from the previous years. The numbers of the
three types of prototype canisters observed in 1972 were greatly reduced. Conical-capped GI-
ANT canisters, measuring and other prototype canisters had been moved to the cor-
ner of the prototype yard. SA-4 shipping canisters were once again in the prototype area in size-
able numbers, while fewer SS-N-15 canisters were observed.
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Date
Year Type Canister
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
long crate - - 262 138
Jmodified
SA-4 canister
GIANT - 5
GLADIATOR/ -
2 25X1
28"' 25X1
canister
without bands
large-diameter
canister
25X1
25X1
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1980-The storage building in an area next to the western transshipment area was externally complete.
The present-day configuration of the GIANT canister was first observed in the prototype yard
during the year. Figure B5 shows the GIANT canisters in present-day configuration at Emba
MTC. The Soviets began extensive use of canvas strips over prototype canisters to hide the band-
ing and distinguishing canister features. Two transporters used to transport SH-08 ABM canis-
ters were noted within the facility on
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Counts' at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Date Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Year Type Canister Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
SA-4 shipping canister - 14 761
modified
SA-4 canister
25 42 - 67
68b 22b - - 90
GLADIATOR
canister
GLADIATOR/ - 11?1 - 6'" - 17 25X1
SS-N- 1 5/
9 - 10 25X1
7 - 21 25X1
component
canister
long crate
canister
without bands
large-diameter
canister
8 25X1
13 25X1
38
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1981-Both the eastern and western transshipment yards were crowded with SA-6 TELs/chassis and
SA-6/-l I chassis. It appears that some rearrangement of SA-4 shipping canisters and SS-N- I 5s in
the prototype area of the eastern transshipment yard was necessary. Low numbers of SS-N- I 6a
canisters continued to be observed. During the latter part of the year, three additional ABM can-
isters were within the prototype area of the eastern transshipment yard, and one additional ABM
canister was outside the secured area.
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Table Bl
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Year
Western
Date Transship
Type Canister Yard
Area Next
Other Areas to Western
Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
North of RR South of RR Facility Yard
Total
SA-4 shipping canister -
14 2001
51 50 -
101
_ - -
5
GLADIATOR
cani
ster
GLADIATOR/
SS-N-15/ - 31
SS-N-16a canister -
13
4 - - -
4
11 7 5 -
23
- - - -
-
13
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
large-diameter - - - 4 -
4
canister
Unid canister - 6 - - -
6
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1982-The first expansion since 1972 began at the eastern transshipment yard. An area south of the
yard, usually associated with rejected material, was made smaller in order to provide more space
for access into a smaller storage building within the secured area. The fenceline in the northern
prototype area was being extended. Large numbers of SA-4 canisters were again evident in the
southern area of this transshipment yard, while all other quantities of canisters remained about
the same as prior years, with the exception of the large influx of ABM canisters, both inside and
outside the secured area. Four of the ABM canisters within the secured area were covered with
canvas-possibly an attempt to conceal the exact measurements of the canister.
25X1
25X1
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Western
Date Transship
Area Next
Other Areas to Western
Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Year Type Canister Yard
North of RR
South of RR Facility Yard
Total
lop - -
18 44 -
lop
62
Ip - -
30 23 -
Ip
54
4 21 -
25
6
GIANT
4
GLADIATOR
canister
GLADIATOR/ -
SS-N-15/
4 2 -
6
2p 24 -
26
canister
=canister
5 4 -
9
without bands
=long crate with
18 -
18
banded ends
1 -
1
2b
unid canister - 6
- - -
6
a
long crate - -
- 13 -
13
(not square)
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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1983-No physical changes to the western transshipment yard were observed, and work on extending
the fenceline in the eastern transshipment yard was proceeding at a very slow pace. The proto-
type canisters in the prototype area had been moved to an area next to the rail line. The
ter GLADIATOR canisters and pieces of GLADIATOR canisters had been moved to an area be-
tween the two spurs that lead into the yard. ASW canisters had been placed against the wall and
arranged in groups of six and 12. The relatively high number of SS-N-16a canisters indicated
that series production was well under way. At this time, it was difficult to determine whether the
ASW canisters in the prototype area of the eastern transshipment area were empty or full. The
low numbers of SA-4 canisters in the secured areas within the facility indicated a probable cessa-
tion of SA-4 production during the year.
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Table B1
Representative Sample of Canister Activity and Countsa at
Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
SA-4 shipping canister -
-
4P
-
-
4P
SA-4 booster canister -
5
-
-
-
5
25X1
25X1
__GIANT
25X1
prototype canister
OGLADIATOR
canister
25X1
SS-N- 1 5/
47
4
2
104
25X1
8P
-
-
8P
SS-N-16a canister -
24
5
-
8
37
25X1
Poss SUW-N-I canister -
4
20
17
9
50
2P
-
-
2P
11
19
13P
13P
component canister
25X1
component canister
component
25X1
25X1
canister -
-
-
-
-
-
25X1
without bands
long crate with -
-
-
16
-
16
25X1
banded ends
Crate, including -
square crate
-
33
-
-
33
GLADIATOR/ -
14
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Table B1 (continued)
Date
Year Type Canister
Area Next
Western Other Areas to Western
Transship Eastern Transship Yard Within Transship
Yard North of RR South of RR Facility Yard Total
6 - - 6
Ib - - 7b
I - - 7
1984-Empty ASW missile canisters were stored in an area next to the western transshipment yard (fig-
ure B6). Square crates, similar in size to those seen in the SA-X-12 area at Emba MTC, were ob-
served in abundance. Large numbers of SS-N-15/16b canisters were in the discarded canister
area, and four SA-4 canisters had been in the discarded canister area for nearly a year.
25X1
25X1
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Table B1 (continued)
'One date per year was selected to represent canister counts
and activity for that year. Selections were made based on
availability of imagery of good interpretability. In some cases,
the imagery used represented the only imagery available for
that year.
boutside secured area.
'Imagery blurred and accurate counts were not possible; how-
ever, there appeared to be approximately the same number as
prior years.
dSome canisters may have been present; however, some areas
were obscured by clouds.
`May actually be two crates stacked one on top of another.
'An_ IANT prototype canister was first observed
on____________ the end was conical capped.
BFirst observation of the 4- or 5-banded canister associated first
with the SS-N-15 and later, the SS-N-16b and SS-NX-21/SSC-
X-4.
hAppeared to be three GLADIATOR canisters and pieces of
two more.
'ABM/SH-08 canister first observed on
outside the secured area of the yard.
JFirst confirmed observation of the present-day configuration
of the GLADIATOR canister.
kSome and perhaps all of the canisters in this size range have
five rather than the four stacking rings observed in prior years.
Following the deployment pattern of the SS-N-16a, this would
be an appropriate time to see the SS-N- I 6b.
1Some of these are outside the secured area.
'Could not distinguish between the GLADIATOR and the SS-
N-15/16b.
"This figure represents ten GLADIATOR canisters plus pieces
of three other GLADIATOR canisters divided two-thirds to
one-third.
?Three were outside the secured area.
PIn canister rejection area.
qAs in prior years, there were five GLADIATOR canisters and
pieces of five more.
`Stacked in groups of 12, six, and three.
'Stacked in groups of six for the most part.
..) cv i
25X1
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Appendix C
TEL/TELAR History
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Appendix C
TEL/TELAR History
This appendix is designed to provide indications
of the evolution of launcher assembly work on sev-
eral SAM chassis, including the SA-4 TEL, SA-6
TEL, both TELARs and transloaders for the SA-
X- 12 GLADIATOR, and the SA-6/-11 TELAR
(table C 1). Physical changes in the appearance of
the transshipment yards are detailed in the de-
scriptive section of Appendix B. The sample dates
chosen for every year were the same as those used
in Appendix B. This appendix was not designed to
provide a means of determining production rates,
a task that would be nearly impossible because
one-half of the western transshipment yard is un-
der roof cover. Analysis of the types and amounts
of equipment observed indicates whether series
production of a particular system is under way, as
well as to what extent Plant 8 is involved in the as-
sembly of ground support equipment.
25X1
25X1
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Table C1
Representative TEL/TELAR Countsa at Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8
1967
SA-4 TEL 28 - - - 28
1975
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1965-No high-resolution imagery was available.
1966-The lack of roof cover provided an accurate count of 30 SA-4 TELs.
1967-The number of SA-4 TELs was about the same as in 1966.
1968-No usable imagery was available.
1969-SA-6 TELs were first observed, while half the number of SA-4 TELs observed in prior years were
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
present.
1970-Imagery of poor interpretability and construction of a TEL shed in the western transshipment
yard precluded further accurate counts of TELs. This was the first year that TELs were seen in
the eastern transshipment yard.
1971-1972-SA-6 TELs were visible in the western transshipment yard in such numbers as to indicate
the start of series production. Figure Cl shows SA-6 TELs in 1985.
25X1
1973-The western transshipment yard was cloud covered. J
25X1
1974-SA-4 TELs were again seen in the western transshipment yard.
25X1
1975-Two unidentified vehicles were in the western transshipment yard.
25X1
1976-Low numbers of both SA-4 and SA-6 TELs were observed.
25X1
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Table Cl
Representative TEL/TELAR Countsa at Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
1982
Date
Type Equipment
Western Eastern Transshipment Yard Other Areas
Transship Yd North of RR South of RR Within Facility Total
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1977-SA-6 TELs were observed on flatbed railcars; others were observed on a loading ramp.
1978-Only the chassis for the SA-4 and SA-6 were visible in western transshipment yard.
1979-An SA-4 TEL was last observed at the plant in February. SA-4 chassis, however, continued to be
observed during the year, and possible chassis were occasionally observed in subsequent years. F
were in the western transshipment yard.
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
1981-Twice the number of SA-6 TELs and SA-6 chassis were observed this year as compared to the
previous year; this was three times the number of SA-6 vehicles observed in 1979. This high
number continued to be seen through 1983. The large number of SA-6/-11 chassis in the eastern
and western transshipment yards indicated that series production was under way. 25X1
1982-SA-X-12 chassis were first observed onl (Figure C2 shows a canvas-covered SA-X- 12
chassis in 1985.) One SA-X-12 TELAR/transloader may actually have been present on
1983-Although no GLADIATOR TELARs/transloaders were evident on sampled imagery, one or two
were seen on numerous occasions in January 1983 and after. From this imagery, we were able to
determine that the cradles for the launcher are attached to the chassis at Plant 8 and must be re-
configured slightly before shipping (figure C3).
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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Table C1
Representative TEL/TELAR Countsa at Sverdlovsk Guided Missile Production Plant 8 (continued)
Date Western Eastern Transshipment Yard Other Areas
Year Type Equipment Transship Yd North of RR South of RR Within Facility Total
aOne date per year was selected to represent TEL/TELAR
counts and activity for that year. Selections were made based
on availability of imagery of good interpretability. In some
cases, the imagery used represented the only imagery available
for that year.
bPoor imagery precluded an accurate count.
`Cloud covered; equipment count not possible.
dThese six are on railcars outside secured area.
'First observation of TELs and chassis in this part of the east-
ern transshipment area.
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1984-No significant activity was observed.
25X1
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Appendix D
A Branch of Sverdlovsk Plant 8-
Verkhnyaya Salda Probable Missile
Fabrication/Assembly Facility
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Appendix D
A Branch of Sverdlovsk Plant 8-
Verkhnyaya Salda Probable
Missile Fabrication/Assembly
Facility
We believe that the Verkhnyaya Salda Probable
Missile Fabrication/Assembly Facility, 17 km
northeast of the town of Verkhnyaya Salda, is the
Salda branch of Plant 8 (figure D 1 and table D 1).
Construction of this facility began in 1975 and
proceeded very slowly until its completion in Oc-
tober 1981. The facility contains an operations
area and a support area. The operations area has
25 buildings within one board and three wire
fences.
The operations area contains one large fabrica-
tion/assembly building (item 6; figure D 1 and ta-
ble D 1), one assembly building (item 23), seven
separately revetted crane-served buildings (items 7
through 13), two revetted transshipment buildings
(items 5 and 14), three revetted storage buildings
(items 18 through 20), three component storage
buildings (items 15, 17, and 21), two bunkered
storage buildings (items 24 and 25), one vehicle
maintenance building (item 22), and five miscella-
neous support buildings (items 1 through 4 and
16). The support area outside the eastern fenceline
contains a steamplant, electrical substation, POL
storage facility, fire station, separately secured wa-
ter storage, five support buildings, and an admin-
istration building. A military housing area, 3 km
south of the operations and support areas, was
constructed concurrently with the Verkhnyaya
Salda Probable Missile Fabrication/Assembly Fa-
cility.
Construction of two storage buildings (items 19
and 20) began in the operations area in October
1983. The buildings were completed in May 1984
and January 1985, respectively. A roof was con-
structed over the crane at the fabrication/assembly
building (item 6) in July 1984. In March 1985,
construction began on the two sections of the as-
sembly building, which is possibly the "building
11" mentioned previously (item 23). The sections
under construction (items 23c and d) may become
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Table DI
Verkhnyaya Saida Probable Missile Fabrication/Assembly Facility
(Items keyed to Figure D1)
Dimensions
(m)
Floorspace
(sq m) Began
Construction
Externally
Complete
Remarks
L
W
H
I
Support bldg
30
18
10
540
1975
Jan 78
2
Support bldg
25
13
9
325
1975
Jan 78
3
Support bldg
1975
Jan 78
a section
b section
4 Support bldg
a section
b section
14
3
4
42
5 Transshipment 73
24
15
1,752
1975
Aug 78 Rev
etted
bldg
6 Fab/assembly
bldg
a fab/assembly
section
b roof over
7 Crane-served
bldg
8 Crane-served
bldg
9 Crane-served
bldg
10 Crane-served
bldg
II Crane-served
bldg
12 Crane-served
bldg
13 Crane-served
bldg
14 Transshipment
bldg
15 Component
storage bldg
16 Support bldg
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Table 131
Verkhnyaya Saida Probable Missile Fabrication/Assembly Facility (continued)
Item Function Dimensions Floorspace Construction Remarks
(m) (sq m) Began Externally
Complete
17 Component
storage bldg
25
19
13 475
Oct 77
Oct 81
18 Storage bldg
12
12
9 144
May 78
Oct 81
Revetted
19 Storage bldg
25
25
15 625
Oct 83
May 84
Revetted
20 Storage bldg
19
12
10 228
Oct 83
Jan 85
Revetted
21 Component
storage bldg
18
13
10 234
May 84
Jan 85
22 Vehicle main-
tenance bldg
40
20
8 800
Mar 80
Jul 81
b support section
37
7
5 259
Jan 78
Oct 81
c section
22
13
- 286
Mar 85
-
24 Storage bldg
13
4
6 52
May 78
Oct 81
Bunkered
25 Storage bldg
13
4
6 52
May 78
Oct 81
Bunkered
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the needed control and paint rooms. A trench now
extends between the assembly and the fabrication/
assembly buildings, possibly for cables. The as-
sembly building is not rail served.
Rail activity was first observed in June 1982 (table
D2), when five gondola railcars carrying light-
toned objects were present. In August 1983, nine
24-meter, missile-associated railcars were ob-
served. Increased rail activity began in October
1983, when both 24-meter and gondola railcars
were present.
Canisters were first observed in May 1982, when
possible component canisters were seen outside a
component storage building (item 17). On ^
two canisters were at the transship-
ment building (item 14), and two canisters were
also under the crane at the fabrication/assembly
building (item 6) on A canister
near the assembly building (item 23) on
Table D2
Highlights of Activity at Verkhnyaya Saida
Probable Missile Fabrication/Assembly Facility
1981-1985
railcars
Gondola railcars
canister
canister
canister
figure D2), may contain the object with the
crack in the ring and filler that was mentioned in
two canis-
ters were outside the assembly building (item 23).
On possible
GLADIATOR canisters were observed under the
roof-covered crane at the fabrication/assembly
building (figure D3). On
Facility appeared complete
Approx seven poss component canis-
ters were outside a component
storage bldg
Railcars first observed; five railcars
with ~bjects inside
were outside the facility rail entrance
At least two with light-toned objects by
the transshipment building
Two canisters by the transshipment
bldg
Canisters under crane at the
fab/assembly bldg
Two canisters outside the assembly
bldg
25X1
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orlyl
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Table D2
Highlights of Activity at Verkhnyaya Salda
Probable Missile Fabrication/Assembly Facility
1981-1985 (continued)
24-meter, missile- Nine railcars on rail tracks to
associated railcar fab/assembly bldg
24-meter, missile- Approx ten 24-m railcars and nine gon-
associated railcars dola railcars with light-toned objects
and gondola railcars present
24-meter railcars and
gondola railcars
Nine 24-m railcars outside facility;
four 24-m railcars in facility; six gon-
dola railcars with light-toned objects
and two without (within facility)
First time observed by revetted, crane-
served bldgs
Twol unid Under crane at fab/assembly bldg
crates
Roof constructed over
crane at fab/assembly bldg
First appearance of unid component at
a component storage bldg
unid canister High counts of unid component canis-
ters at two component storage bldgs
25X1
25X1
25X1
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