STINGER VICTORY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP87B00858R000600910003-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 7, 2011
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: June 12, 1986
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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June 12, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
AMENDMENT NO. 2077
(Purpose: To provide for charitable deduc-
tions for nonitemizers and to lower the
threshold for phasing out the personal ex-
emption).
Mr. KASTEN. Mr. President, I send
an amendment to the desk and ask for
its immediate consideration.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will report.
The assistant legislative clerk read
as follows:
The Senator from Wisconsin (Mr.
KASTEN), for himself and Mr. INOUYE, pro-
poses an amendment numbered 2077.
Mr. KASTEN. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that further read-
ing of the amendment be dispensed
with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
The amendment is as follows:
On page 1416, between lines 4 and 5,
insert the following new section:
. CHARITABLE DEDUCTIONS FOR NONITEM-
IZERS.
(a) IN GENERAL?Subsection (ii) of section
170 (relating to rule for nonitemization of
deductions) is amended to read as follows:
"(i) RULE FOR NONITEMIZATION OF DEDUC-
TION.-
-(1) IN GENERAL?In the case of an individ-
ual who does not itemize his deductions for
the taxable year, the applicable percentage
of so much of the amount allowable under
subsection (a) for the taxable year as ex-
ceeds $200 ($100 in the case of married indi-
viduals filing separate returns) shall be
taken into account as a direct charitable de-
duction under section 63.
''(2) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGE.?For purposes
of paragraph (1), the applicable percentage
shall be determined under the following
table:
For taxable years be-
ginning in:
1987 or 1988
1989 or 1990
The percentage is:
50
75
1991 or thereafter 100."
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.?The amendment
made by this section shall apply to taxable
years beginning after December 31, 1986.
On page 1378, line 17, strike out "and".
On page 1378, line 18, strike out the
period and insert in lieu thereof a comma
and "and".
On page 1378, between lines 19 and 20,
insert the following new paragraph:
"(3) the direct charitable deduction.
On page 1381, line 13, strike out "and".
On page 1381, line 15, strike out the
period and insert in lieu thereof a comma
and "and".
On page 1381, between lines 15 and 16,
insert the following new paragraph:
) the direct charitable deduction.
On page 1384, line 24, strike out the end
quotation marks.
On page 1384, after line 24, insert the fol-
lowing new subsection:
'(i) DIRECT CHARITABLE DEDUCTION. ?For
purposes of this section, the term 'direct
charitable deduction' Means that portion of
the amount allowable under section 170(a)
which is taken as a direct charitable deduc-
tion for the taxable year under section
170(i)."
On page 1387, line 13, strike out "5 per-
cent" and insert in lieu thereof "12 per-
cent".
Mr. KASTEN. Mr. President, I say
to the majority leader that tomorrow
we will have an opportunity to discuss
this amendment. It will be the pending
business.
THE MIDDLE CLASS IN KOREA
Mr. DECONCINI. Mr. President, in
June 1963, embroiled in the midst of a
horrible war in Vietnam, several Bud-
dhist monks immolated themselves.
This was a silent but highly visible
protest against a deaf and unyielding
regime. That protest erupted into
widespread media coverage and elevat-
ed public awareness of the Vietnamese
situation.
Today, 23 years later, we are viewing
similar events in South Korea. Two
weeks ago, a 22-year-old student of
Seoul National University climbed
onto a third-floor ledge of the admin-
istration building. After shouting anti-
Government and anti-U.S. slogans, he
doused himself in gasoline, ignited
himself and dove to his death, a
human fireball. This latest suicide
brought the total to five, including
four college students who have immo-
lated themselves in protest against the
Chun regime.
As in 1963, these immolations are
frightening examples of the dire meas-
ures that people will take when they
have no recourse within their govern-
ment. These radical students represent
a minority of the 1 million Korean col-
lege students. Originally, they at-
tached themselves to the opposition
movement led by Kim Dae Jung. They
have become impatient and have de-
nounced the middle-class opposition,
claiming that it is too conservative.
However, the radical nature of the stu-
dent movement adds an explosive ele-
ment to an already volatile situation
and, therefore, cannot be discounted.
The national security of South Korea
depends upon listening to the middle
class. The middle class wants to peace-
fully petition their government for
constitutional change. They do not
shout anti-American slogans.
Recently, I introduced Senate Reso-
lution 392 calling for the President of
the United States to support diplomat-
ic exchange and dialog between all op-
position parties and the United States
Ambassador to South Korea. This res-
olution urges the President to send a
special envoy to South Korea to expe-
dite a peaceful solution. It also ex-
presses the Senate's support for the
opening of high-level diplomatic talks
between the U.S. Departments of
State and Defense, the Chun govern-
ment, and all leaders of the opposi-
tion. I feel that these actions could
derail a potentially violent collision.
Democracy, Mr. President, affords
us the luxury of diplomacy. It is only
when groups feel that they have no ef-
fective avenue to pursue grievances
within their government that they
turn to the extreme measures that we
have recently witnessed. Our own his-
tory demonstrates the importance of
freedom and representation. Freedom
to petition one's government, freedom
of speech, and freedom of assembly.
This is what the middle class desires.
I would also like to cite a recently re-
leased report by Amnesty Internation-
al regarding increases in the number
S 7409
of people arrested in South Korea for
criticizing the Government. This in-
cludes workers and farmers as well as
students. The State Department says
that reports of torture or cruel treat-
ment of prisoners in South Korea
have increased "significantly" from
1984 to 1985. This does not appear to
be a country moving quickly toward
democracy in 1989.
In the Declaration on Independence,
Thomas Jefferson expressed the right
of the people to change a repressive
regime. I am hopeful that the moder-
ate middle class in South Korea will
be afforded the opportunity to influ-
ence this Government. The radical
student groups are desperately reach-
ing out. We cannot afford their de-
spairing attitude to delegate the
future. We must encourage dialog. His-
tory, Mr. President, will most surely
repeat itself if ignored. But if we learn
from it, perhaps we can avoid the mis-
takes of the past and find a peaceful
solution.
STINGER VICTORY
Mr. DECONCINI. Mr. President, the
Reagan administration decided to
remove the Stinger missile from the
Saudi Arabian arms sale package. Sev-
eral Members of Congress had singled
out Stingers as a reason for opposing
this sale. Many of my colleagues have
argued that some of these shoulder-
fired missiles might fall into the hands
of terrorists, who could use them
against U.S. aircraft, civilian commer-
cial jetliners, or military aircraft in
the Middle East.
The administration hoped to elimi-
nate the political sting from the Saudi
package that both the Senate and
House originally rejected byover-
whelming margins. President Reagan's
idea is that Congress is rightfully fear-
ful that terrorists might acquire these
convenient and lethal weapons, and
withdrawing them makes the package
much more acceptable. The President,
in a letter to majority leader ROBERT
DOLE, discusses "the particular sensi-
tivity of Stingers being transferred to
any country."
Mr. President, supplying Stinger
missiles without strict and protective
safeguards is not in the national inter-
est of the United States. This perspec-
tive has been clearly expressed by
Congress in 1984 when the Reagan ad-
ministration withdrew its proposal to
sell thousands of Stingers to Jordan
and Saudi Arabia. This view was re-
peated again when the administration
recently withdrew the Stinger from
the latest Saudi Arabia arms sale
package.
Congress has recognized over the
past years that Stingers could func-
tion as an ideal terrorist weapon. In
the case of Saudi Arabia, elaborate
safeguards and security measures have
been devised as part of the letter of
offer and acceptance in order to pro-
tect this weapon from falling Into PLO
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S 7410 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
hands. The Saudis allow the PLO to
work with their military, and some
who are sympathetic to the PLO
might allow the Stinger to be stolen or
sold.
This is my fear, Mr. President. I
have introduced legislation which will
prudently safeguard the Stinger mis-
sile when itlj transferred to resistance
efforts around the world. This reflects
congressional and the administration's
concern regarding the Stinger. This is
a terrorism and security issue, not a
reflection on the Saudis, Contras, or
UNITA.
Secretary Shultz, in response to a
question on countering terrorism with
measures other than enhanced securi-
ty and better intelligence, recently
said:
I don't think purely defensive postures are
adequate. We must think through as a socie-
ty other aspects of this problem ? "
This involves preventive and pru-
dent arms control measures now. We
need to stop terrorist activities before
they start. We must protect Amerlcans
both at home and abroad. Arms ex-
ported in a reckless manner today
could seriously cripple American citi-
zens and interests tomorrow. My legis-
lation is not for or against resistance
movements. This is legislation for
and American interests.
ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS
Mr. DOLE. "Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that there now be
a period for the transaction of routine
morning business, not to extend
beyond the hour of 10:25 p.m. '
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection. it is so ordered.
OPPOSING THE PARTICIPATION
IN THE JULY 4TH LIBERTY
WEEKEND CELEBRATION OF
THE CHILEAN TORTURE SHIP
"EIMIERALDA"
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I
would like to call to the attention of
my colleagues a resolution disapprov-
ing the participation of the Chilean
torture ship Esmeralda in our Nation's
"July Fourth Liberty Weekend" cele-
bration, upon which I hope the Senate
will act quickly and favorably.
Although it has not always been so,
the Esmeralda today is a ship of
shame. It was the site of one of the
cruelest chapters in the history of
Chile?the brutal torture of over 100
men and women by Chilean authori-
ties in the aftermath of the bloody
coup by General Pinochet in Septem-
ber 1973. Because of this heritage of
horror, the Esmeralda is a continuing
symbol of the repression which per-
sists in Chile to this day.
The Statue of Liberty would weep at
the sight of the Esmeralda entering
the gateway of freedom at New York
Harbor. This ship is the antithesis of
American freedom and should not be
permitted to participate in the Cele-
bration of America's liberty and de-
mocracy.
Nothing in this resolution is intend-
ed to detract from the noble heritage
of the Esmeralda before the tragic
events of September 1973. For genera-
tions prior to that. date, Chile was re-
nowned as one of the most stable and
democratic nations in South America.
The name Esmeralda itself has a dis-
tinguished heritage in Chilean naval
history. The original Esmeralda was a
Spanish frigate captured by Chilean
patriots and commissioned in the Chil-
ean Navy in the War for Independence
at the beginning of the 19th century.
The present ship was built in 1952 as a
training vessel to carry on the proud
tradition of seamanship in the Chilean
Navy.
But on September 11, 1913, a mili-
tary junta led by Gen. Angusto Pino-
chet staged a bloody military coup.
crushed Chilean democracy, and in-
stalled the represgive regime that has
ruled in Chile ever since.
On the same day that Gen. Pinochet
, seized power, the junta rounded up 40
men and 72 women and held them
naked in the dungeons of the Esmer-
alda. The prisoners were subjected to
brutal torture and interrogation. For a
period of nearly 2 weeks, they were
'beaten, tortured, subjected to electric
shock, mock execution, sleep depriva-
tion, and sexual abuse. Throughout
this ordeal, the Chilean authorities
ruthlessly interrogated the prisoners
about their political activities prior to
the coup.
Today. the Esmeralda is not used for
torture. But to the Chilean people. it
is a clear and present symbol of the
pervasive terror they have endured in
the 13-year dictatorship of Gen. Pino-
chet.
One survivor of the Esmeralda
nightmare described his feelings about
the ship in a sworn statement:
Up to September 10th, it had been for me,
and for ten million Chileans, the "White
Lady," the "National Pride." It represented
Chilean democracy, manhood, the chivalry
of Chilean officers and sailors. Today, it is a
Torture Chamber, a Flagellation Chamber,
a Floating Jail of Horror, Death and Fear
for Chilean men and women.
Esmeralda means "emerald," a gem
of extraordinary beauty.. And the Es-
meralda is one of the most beautiful
tall ships in the world'. Until the cruel
coup in 1973, the Vessel was a source of
patriotic pride for the Chilean nation.
But because of the coup that trans-
formed the Esmeralda into a torture
ship, the vessel no longer represents
the people of Chile, or the democracy
and freedom for which Chile is striv-
ing. Rather, it symbolizes the reign of
terror in the days when General Milo-
chet's repressive regime was born.
Instead of evoking the pride of the
Chilean people, the ship summons up
memories of dead friends and missing
relatives, midnight arrests and myste-
rious disappearances, detention in un-
known locations and represession of a
democratic nation.
June 12, 1986
Current reports by Amnesty Inter-
national and other human rights
groups document General Pinochet's
continuing and flagrant attempts to
crush any democratic opposition in
Chile.
In March, the United Nations Com-
mission on Human Rights condemned
Chile's record on human rights and
expressed its strong concern over the
persistence of serious human rights
violations, including disappearances,
torture, abuses by security forces, and
the denial of fundamental rights.
As long as repression continues in
Chile and liberty is denied, the Esmer-
alda should not be welcomed in any
celebration honoring America's own
Statue of Liberty. On the day democ-
racy returns to Chile, I will invite the
Esmeralda to return in honor to the
United States. But until Chile is free,
the sails of that torture ship should
not be permitted to darken our waters,
let alone cast their abhorrent shadow
upon our own precious symbol of liber-
ty.
I hope the Senate will act promptly
and favorably on this resolution. The
Esmeralda is already on its way to
New York. My hope is that the ship
will turn back, and will choose not to
participate in the July FoUrth celebra-
tion. But in any event, I believe this
resolution is necessary at this time. I
ask unaniinous consent to insert in the
Rzcoan some sworn testimony of sur-
vivors of torture on the Esmeralda and
other materials, and I urge the adop-
tion of the resolution.
I also ask unanimous consent that
the text of the resolution and other
material in connection with this
matter be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the mate-
rial was ordered to be printed in the
Recoan, as follows:
RESOLUTION
Whereas, Operation Sail has invited the
Chilean naval vessel Esmeralda to partici-
pate in the July 4th Liberty Weekend cele-
bration in New York harbor;
Whereas, the Esmeralda is the notorious
vessel used for the torture of 112 political
prisoners at the time General Augusto Pino-
chet seized power in a military coup in Chile
in 1973;
Whereas, serious violations of basic
human rights and clyil rights continue in
Chile under the Pinochet regime, of which
the Esmeralda is an unfortunate reminder.
Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep-
resentatives concurring),
Sac. 1. The Congress deeply regrets the in-
vitation extended to the Chilean vessel Es-
meralda to participate in the July 4th Liber-
ty Weekend celebration in New York City,
and urges Operation Sall to withdraw that
invitation.
SEC. 2. A copy of this reaolution shall be
transmitted forthwith to the Chairman of
Operation Sail.
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_ -
May 21, 1986
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE S 6391
I have the full support of the other
members of the New Mexico delega-
tion and a similar bill has also been in-
troduced in the House.
Thank you, Mr. President.?
By Mr. HECHT (for himself and
Mr. LAXALT):
S. 2506. A bill to establish a Great
Basin National Park in the State of
Nevada, and for other purposes; to the
Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources.
GRFAT BASIN NATIONAL PARK ACT
tis Mr. LAXALT. Mr. President, It is
with a sense of pride and anticipation
that I introduce a bill, with my distin-
guished colleague [Senator IIscirr], to
provide for the creation of the first
national park in Nevada.
The park site is indeed a gem. It in-
corporates a significant portion of the
South Snake range in eastern Nevada
and includes the second highest peak
in the Si ate. Wheeler Peak. It will in-
clude some of the oldest living trees in
the world. the Bristlecone pine (some
being mer 5,000 years old). It will also
incorporate Lehman Caves National
Memorial. The park will offer to the
Nation the first interpretive example
of a vast area of our national land
mass called the Great Basin. Thus, the
name choscn for the park will be the
Great Basin National Park.
Mr. President, the Great Basin
covers some 200,000 square miles of
western desert. It includes almost all
of Nevada and extends into portions of
four other western States. It repre-
sents a significant proporation of our
total land mass. It is called Great
Basin because all the drainage systems
are internal. They do not reach the
ocean.
The Great Basin topography is char-
acterized as "basin and range," alter-
nating valleys and mountain ranges.
This vast area includes a rich and
varied flora and fauna, including a
number of unique species. If I may
paraphrase a description from author
John McPhee, the mountain ranges of
the basin and range stand on their
own, like warships, "and the Great
Basin is an ocean of loose sediment
with these mountain ranges standing
in it as if they were members of a fleet
_ without precedent."
Great Basin ranges are not created
by compressional forces which pile
them on top of each other but rather
by plate fractures which cause them
to be created independently. The
basins which separate them are 10 to
15 miles wide and are generally bone
dry. Thus the faunas in the high
ranges tend to be distinct from one an-
other because of the island nature of
each range. "Supreme over all is si-
lence ? * " a soundless immensity with
mountains in it." Such is the nature of
the Great Basin we propose to inter-
pret through a Great Basin National t
Park. Perhaps no area can adequately
represent such a vast area with its iso-
lated and distinct faunas. And certain-
ly no park can adequately preserve the
serenity extant in much of it, but the
Snake Range and surrounding area
are very representative and beautiful
in their own right.
The park has, in fact, been the sub-
ject of considerable interest in the
past. Two bills have been introduced
to establish the park in the same
Wheeler Peak area. It is my hope we
may succeed this time.
Specific features of our proposed
park are 13,063-foot. Wheeler Peak,
the ancient bristlecone pine forests,
the natural rock bridge known as Lex-
ington Arch, one of the few active per-
manent glaciers in the lower States,
Lehman caves, and many still unex-
plored caves, and numerous lakes,
some of which are glacially fed.
The park boundaries have been
drawn so as to preserve within the im-
mediate vioinity of the park the tradi-
tional ranching and mining activities
which have characterized man's activi-
ty since his arrival, providing that ad-
ditional historic resource to park visi-
tors.
The unique and fragile beauty of the
Great Basin has, so to speak, been a
candle kept under a bushel. Nevada's
unique beauty includes the basin and
range topography, as represented by
the proposed Great Basin Park. It is
time to make such beauty available to
all our citizens.*
By Mr. METZENBAUM:
S.J. Res. 352. Joint resolution to des-
ignate the week beginning September
7, 1986, as "Gaucher's Disease Aware-
ness Week"; to the Committee on the
Judiciary.
GAUCHER'S DISEASE AWARENESS WEEK
? Mr. METZENBAUM. Mr. President,
today I am introducing a joint resolu-
tion designating the week beginning
September 7, 1986 as "Gaucher's Dis-
ease Awareness Week." This is a com-
panion to House Joint Resolution 615
introduced in the House by Congress-
man LAWRENCE SMITH on April 29,
1986.
Gaucher's disease is an inherited, ge-
netic disorder which occurs among all
known racial and ethnic groups. It is
the most common disorder in the
family of painful and deadly enzyme
diseases, and even more prevalent
than Tay-Sachs among Eastern Euro-
pean Jews. Gaucher's disease may best
be described as a genetic timebomb.
With a carrier rate of 1 in 12 persons,
the next generation is at high risk.
The disease is caused by the body's
failure to produce an essential enzyme.
The absence of this enzyme causes the
body to acaumulate abnormal quanti-
ties of lipids in the spleen, liver, bone
marrow, and, in some cases, lungs,
heart, and brain. It can cause deterio-
ration of the nervous system, bone de-
generation, enlarged spleen, and
severe damage to the liver and other
organs.
In the infantile form, death occurs
within 2 years. In the juvenile form,
the life span is dramatically foreshor-
tened. In its chronic form, the occur-
rence and severity of symptoms are
variable. There is no treatment as yet,
but there is promising research.
At a number of medical centers in
the United States and abroad, re-
search focuses on three aspects of the
disease: enzyme replacement, gene
repair, and treatment programs. The
research serves as a model for unlock-
ing the mysteries associated with all
the many enzyme disorders, and an es-
timated 300 other genetic diseases.
In 1984 the National Gaucher Foun-
dation was established to promote and
support Gaucher's research and to in-
crease public awareness regarding this
disease. It is essential to raise aware-
ness of - the genetic nature of
Gaucher's disease, the critically high
number of carriers, the possibilities in-
herent in prevention and treatment in
this era of gene engineering, and the
potential for victims of other genetic
diseases.
Therefore, Mr. President, I urge my
colleagues in the Senate to support
this joint resolution so that we may
focus attention on understanding and
finding a cure for the victims of
Gaucher's disease and for the victims
of other genetic disorders. I ask unani-
mous consent that this joint resolu-
tion be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the joint
resolution was ordered to be printed in
the RECORD, as follows:
S.J. Rm. 352
Whereas Gaucher's disease is caused by
the failure of the body to produce an essen-
tial enzyme;
Whereas the absence of such enzyme
causes the body to store abnormal quanti-
ties of lipids In the liver and spleen and fre-
quently has an adverse effect on tissues in
the body, particularly bone tissue;
Whereas among Jewish persons,
Gaucher's disease Is the most common in-
herited disorder affecting the metabolism of
lipids, which are one of the principle struc-
tural components of living cells;
Whereas there is no known cure for
Gaucher's disease and no successful treat-
ment of the symptoms of the disease;
Whereas the increased awareness and un-
derstanding of Gaucher's disease by the
people of the United States can aid in the
development of a treatment and cure for
the disease:
Whereas the National Gaucher's Disease
Foundation provides funds for research in
the United States with respect to the dis-
ease; and
Whereas research and clinical programs
with respect to Gaucher's disease should be
increased: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the week be-
ginning September 7, 1986, is designated
"Gaucher's Disease Awareness Week", and
the President is authorized and requested to
issue a proclamation calling upon the people
of the United States to observe such week
with appropriate ceremonies and activities.*
By Mr. CHILES (for himself, Mr.
BURDICK, Mr. ZORINSKY, Mr.
HOLLINGS, Mr. BRADLEY, Mr.
HECHT, Mr. ABDNOR, Mr. STEN-
NIS, Mr. MATTINGLY, Mr. LONG,
Mr. NUNN, Mr. BUMPERS, Mr.
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S 0392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
Dors., Mr. MOYNIHAN, Mr.
LEVIM, Mr. THURMOND, Mr.
DECONCINI, Mr. COHEN, and
Mr. CRANSTON):
S.J. Res. 354. Joint resolution to des-
ignate the week of October 5, 1986,
through October_11, 1986, as "Nation-
al Drug Abuse Education and Preven-
tion Week"; to the Committee on the
Judiciary.
NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION AND
PREVENTION WEEK
? Mr. CHThw-ci. Mr. President, today I
am introducing a Joint resolution to
designate October 5-11, 1586, as "Na-
tional Drug Abuse Education and Pre-
vention Week." I am delighted to be
joined in this effort by Senators Burr-
DICK, ZORTNSITY, HOLLINGS, BRADLEY,
HSCHT, ARMOR, &rums, MATTINGLY,
LONG, NUNN, BUMPERS, Dots, MOYNI-
HAN, LEVIN, TH1:1REVOND, DECONCINI,
COHEN, and CRANSTON.
I am also pleased to have the sup-
port of the National Federation of
Parents for Drug-Pree Youth. The
federation will be holding its national
convention during the week we are
designating as "National Drug Abuse
Education and Prevention Week."
In recent years we have done much
toward reducing the supply of dregs
? coming into our country. We have
strengthened our border Patrols, Coast
Guard, and other pollee fortes to curb
the influx of Mega/ drugs into our
cities and towns. But today drug abuse
remains a national tragedy.
In addressing drug abuse, though,
we too often focus only on the supply
side of the program. The resolution I
am introducing also encourages us to
examine the demand side: the pres-
sures that influence our young people
to begin misusingdruga. It is my hope
that National Drug Abuse Education
and Prevention Week will stimulate in-
terest in education programs both in
school andat home which provoke dis-
cussions about drugs and encourage
young people to develop realistic views
about drug abuse and the resulting
harmful effects.) In addition to tradi-
tionally abused drugs. I hope that
these discussions will include informa-
tion about designer drugs, the most
recent phenomenon in the illicit drug
market.
I would like to take this opportunity
to acknowledge the Drug Education
Program which Ms. Joanne Itiviere
conducts In her fifth grade class at
Palmetto Elementary School in
Miami. FL Last. May, as part of their
class study, her students wrote to me
about a Problem they had perceived
with regard to certain chemicals which
are diverted from legitimate industrial
purposes to the production of illicit
drugs. Their main, concern was the
chemical ether which is often used in
the filtering stage of cocaine process-
ing. In investigating this niatter, I
found that many other legitimate
drugs are similarly used in producing
illicit drugs.
On October 1. 1985, I introduced leg-
islation---8. 11146--which directs the
Attorney General to study and recom-
mend methods to control the diversion
of legitimate precursor and essential
chemicals to the production of illegal
drugs. This bill is now pending in the
Judiciary Committee. I urge that com-
mittee to address this important issue
expeditiously, and I again applaud the
efforts of Ms. Riviere and her students
which led to this legislation. I further
hope that the joint resolution I am in-
troducing today for "National Drug
Abuse Education and Prevention
Week" will encourage other teachers,
students, and parents to focus their at-
tention on this national problem.?
ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS
8.419
At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the
name of the Senator from Virginia
[Mr. Wraussa] was added as a cospon-
sor of S. 419, a bill to amend the Inter-
nal Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a
deduction for one-half of the expenses
paid by a self-employed taxpayer for
individual health insurance premiums.
3.1704
?
At the request of Mr. MCCLURE, the
name of the Senator from Nebraska
[Mr. Zosuiszvi was added as a co-
sponsor of S. 1794, a bill to authorise
an increase in the appropriation ceil-
ing for the North Loup Division, Pick-
Sloan Missouri Basin Program, Ne-
braska.
. 8. 1766
At the request of Mr. Mamas, the
mine of the Senator from Pennsylva-
nia [Mr. i3rEctua] was added as a co-
sponsor of S. 1756, a- bill to designate
the Cumberland terminus Of the
Chesapeake and Ohio Channel Na-
tional Historical Part in honor of J.
Glenn Bean. Sr.
8.1917
At the request of Mr. Bauarr, the
name of the Senator from Arkansas
[Mr. PRYOR] was Edged as a cosponsor
of 8. 1it17. a bill to amend the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 to provide as-
sistance to promote immunization and
oral rehydnUan, and for other pur-
poses.
IL 1941
At the request of Mr. Ihurroo, the
names of the Senator from North
Carolina [Mr. Hams] and the Senator
from Virginia [Mr. Tumid were added
as cosponsors of S. 1941, a bin to Pro-
tect the securitY of the United States
by providing for sanctions against any
country that provides support for per-
petrators of acts of intecnitional ter-
rorism.
? 8.1942
At the request of Mr. DENTON, the
names of the Senator from North
Carolinaalr. Mum] and the Senator
from Virginia [Mr. Teruel were added
ae cosponsors of 8. 1642, a bill to
amend tale IA United States Code, to
Improve the security of United States
military installations.
May 21, 1988
8. 2064
At the request of Mr. WARNER, the
names of the Senator from Florida
[Mr. CHILES] the Senator from Ohio
[Mr. METzsarassnol, and the Senator
from Washington [Mr. GORTON] were
added as cosponsors of S. 2064, a bill
to require the President to make an
annual report on the national strategy
of the U.S. Government to certain
committees of Congress and to require
joint Committee meetings to be held
on such report.
S. 2081
At the request of Mr. STAFFORD, the
name of the Senator from New York
[Mr. MOYNIHAN] was added as a co-
sponsor of S. 2081, a bin to reauthorize
the Head Start Act, the Low-Income
Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981,
the Community Services Block Grant
Act, for deferred cost care programs,
and for other purposes.
S. 2063
At the request of Mr. STAFFORD, the
name of the Senator from New Jersey
Basmay] was added as a cospon-
sor of S. 2063,5 bill to amend the toxic
Substances Control Act to require the
Environmental Protection Agency to
sot standards for identification and
abatement of hazardous asbestos in
the Nation's, achools, to mandate
abatement of hazavdous aibeetos in
Use Nation's schools in accordance
with these standards, to require local
educational agencies to prepare -asbes-
tos management plank and ler other
purposes.
8. 2220
At the request of Mr. CRANSTON, the
names of the Senator from Ohio [Mr.
Matrzummnal and the Senator from
Connecticut [Mr. Waimea] were
added as cosponsors of S. 2224, a bill
to provide for a mutual, verifiable
moratorium on the testing of nuclear
warheads, and for other purposes.
8. 2290
At the request of Mr. ROTH, the
names of the Senator from Virginia
[Mr. TRIBLE] and the Senator from
New Hampshire [Mr. HUMPHREY] were
added as cosponsors of S. 2230, a bill
to improve the manageraent of the
Government by establishing an Office
of Federal Management in the Execu-
tive Office of the President, and for
other purposes.
S. 2274
At the request of Mr. Kum!, the,
name of the Senator from Pennsylva-
nia [Mr. Srecrzal was added as a co-
sponsor of S. 2274, a bill to provide
that certain individuals who are not
citizens of the United States and cer-
tain persons who are not individuals
shall be ineligible to receive financial
ambiance under the price support and
related programa administered by the
8.2200
At the request of Mr. DzCdscrin,
the name of the Senister from Iowa
(Mr. Thournol -wee added as a cospon-
sor of 8. 2256, a bill to prohibit the
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S 5506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
The Senator from Arizona [Mr. DECow-
cm] proposes an amendment numbered
1833.
Mr. DECONCINI. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the read-
ing of the amendment be dispensed
with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
The amendment is as follows:
On page 124, between lines 6 and 7, insert
the following new section:
SEC. 504. RESTRICFION ON TRANSFER OF STINGER
MISSILES.
(a) RESTRICTION.?Notwithstanding any
other provision of law, no STINGER anti-
aircraft missiles may be sold, donated, or
otherwise provided, directly or indirectly, to
democratic resistance forces in Afghanistan
and Angola unless the President certifies to
the Congress that the proposed recipient
has agreed to the following conditions:
(1) Physical security of such missiles shall
consist of the following:
(A) Magazines of reinforced concrete,
arch-type, and earth-covered whose con-
struction is at least equivalent in strength
to the requirements of the Chief of Engi-
neers (Department of the Army) drawings,
652-686 through 652-693, 27 Dec 1941 as re-
vised 14 Mar 42, shall be provided.
(B) Lighting shall be provided for exterior
doors and along perimeter barriers.
(C) Exterior doors shall be class 5 steel
vault doors secured by two-key operated
high security padlock and hasp (mil spec P-
43607), and keys shall be secured separately
to insure effective two-man control of
access.
(D) Fencing shall be 6-foot (minimum)
steel chain link on steel or reinforced con-
crete posts over firm base, and clear zones
shall be established inside and outside fenc-
ing.
(E) A full-time guard force or combination
guard force and instrusion detection system
shall be provided.
(2) Such missiles shall be accounted for as
follows:
(A) A 100 percent physical count shall be
taken monthly with two-man verification,
and records shall be available for United
States inspection.
(B) A United States Military Training
Mission shall conduct the United States in-
spection and inventory annually, and weap-
ons expended outside of hostilities shall be
accounted for.
(3) Movements shall meet United States
standards for safeguarding classified materi-
al in transit.
(4) Access to such missiles and to classi-
fied information relating thereto shall be as
follows:
(A) Access to hardware and related classi-
fied information shall be limited to military
and civilian personnel who have the proper
security clearance and who have an estab-
lished need-to-know. Information released
shall be limited to that necessary for as-
signed functions or operational responsibil-
ity and, where possible, shall be oral or
visual only.
(B1 No maintenance shall be authorized
which required access to the interior of the
operational system. Such maintenance shall
be performed under United States control.
(5) The recipient shall report to the
United States by the most expeditious
means any instance of compromise, loss, or
theft of any material or related informa-
tion. This report shall be followed by
prompt investigation and the results provid-
ed to the United States.
(6) The recipient shall agree that no infor-
mation on Basic STINGER shall be released
to a third government or any other party
without United States approval.
(7) The security standards applied by the
recipient to protection of Basic STINGER
Information and material shall be at least
equivalent to those of the United States at
the identified security classification.
(8) The recipient shall use the informa-
tion on Basic STINGER only for the pur-
pose for which it was given.
(9) United States officers shall be allowed
to inspect and assess physical security meas-
ures and procedures established for imple-
mentation of these security controls on an
announced random access basis.
(10) Damaged launchers shall be returned
to United States Armed Forces for repair or
demilitarization prior to disposal by United
States authorities.
(11) Two principal components of the
STINGER system, the gripstock and the
missile in its disposable launch tube, shall
be stored in separate locations. Each loca-
tion shall meet all physical security require-
ments applicable to the STINGER system
as a whole. The two locations shall be phys-
ically separated sufficiently so that a pene-
tration-of the security at one site shall not
place the second at risk.
(12) The principle components of the
STINGER system, the gripstock, missile,
and launch tube, may be brought together
and assembled only under the following cir-
cumstances:
(A) In the event of hostilities or imminent
hostilities.
(B) For firing as part of regularly sched-
uled training (only those rounds intended to
be fired shall be withdrawn from storage
and assembled).
(C) For lot testing (only proof round(s)
shall be withdrawn and assembled).
(D) When STINGER systems are de-
ployed as part of the point of defenses of
high priority installations or activities.
(13) Field exercises or deployments where-
in the use of STINGER system is simulated
shall not create conditions for the assembly
of the system.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.?This section shall
take effect on the date of enactment of this
Act.
On page 124, line 7, strike out "SEC. 504."
and insert in lieu thereof "SEC. 505.".
Mr. President, I compliment Senator
GOLDWATER and Senator NUNN for
shepherding this landmark piece of
legislation through the Armed Serv-
ices Committee and to the Senate
floor. With all of Senator GOLD-
WATER'S achievements during his long
and illustrious Senate career, this bill
could well be his most important
legacy.
The importance of this piece of leg-
islation can best be put into focus by
the fact that no major statutory
changes in defense organization have
occurred since 1958. Defense reorgani-
zation has always been a political hot
potato and without the dedication and
doggedness of Senators GOLDWATER
and Nunn, this bill would never have
reached the floor of the U.S. Senate.
The most important feature of the
bill is that it designates the Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as the
principal military adviser to the Presi-
dent, the National Security Council,
and the Secretary of Defense. Enact-
ment of this provision should have the
result of making our individual mili-
tary services components act as a
team. This crucial provision would
May 7, 1986
never have been included in the final
committee product without the leader-
ship, persistence, and persuasiveness
of Senators GOLDWATER and NUNN. Fi-
nally, I salute and pay tribute to Sena-
tor Scoop Jackson, who initiated a
great deal of this seminal legislation.
THE RUSH OF TECHNOLOGY
Mr. President, it was a talented and
ambitious inventor, Francis Bacon,
who issued the following warning on
advancing technologies and the subse-
quent dangers involved:
It is well to observe the force and virtue
and consequence of discoveries * ? ? for
these have changed the whole face and
state of things throughout the world.
The Stinger missile represents this
type of consequence.
This weapon epitomizes one of the
most sophisticated and lethal Ameri--
can weapons, yet we are not taking
preventive and prudent steps to assure
its protection from terrorist hands.
Just recently at the economic
summit in Tokyo homemade rockets
were fired by a terrorist group at the
building where the leaders of seven
Western democracies were meeting.
We are all grateful that this was un-
successful, yet the terrorists vow an-
other attack.
These five homemade rockets were
fired from 1.7 miles away.
The radical group later boasted of
Its ability to elude the tightest securi-
ty net ever cast in Tokyo. A misplaced
or stolen Stinger missile would give
this terrorist group an increased 4 to 5
mile range, climbing 4,500 feet. This is
a shoulder-fired missile triggered by a
single person. Should this weapon fall
into Russian, Cuban, PLO, or some
other terrorist organization's hands,
the boundaries of terrorist activity in-
crease to staggering proportions. Pre-
ventive measures at airports jump
from metal detectors and x-ray ma-
chines to roving helicopters, patroling
troops, and even pseudo star wars tech-
nology to effectively prevent missiles
from engaging their targets once fired.
The monetary costs are unimaginable.
The potential cost of human life pro-
hibitive.
Mr. President, this is precisely why
this legislation seeks to prevent this
nightmare. Picture an American jetlin-
er filled with summer travelers as it
takes off from a European city.
Perched on a hilltop more than 3
miles away is a terrorist aiming a
shoulder-held Stinger antiaircraft mis-
sile at the jet. Within seconds, the air-
liner with its hundreds of passengers
disappears in a bright orange inferno.
The scenario is hypothetical, but it
is increasingly possible as the United
States supplies Stinger missiles to re-
sistance forces around the world. As a
safeguard, this legislation before the
Senate would require the President to
insist on the same strict control over
the missiles in rebel hands as we do
for those we sell to our allies.
It is quite possible, given the loose
structure of rebels' operations, that
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May 7, 1986 CONGRESSIONAL RIC0/03 SN
?
bold thkdring, precisely what is called
for wider many trying military condi-
tions. Chairman Gounmana has *ftp
well when he maid that. the advice that
comes out of the Joint Chiefs "is often
mashy and pawl, presented." Or as
former Secretary of Ddense Seldesin-
ger has put it, " The proffered advice
Is generally inelevant, normally
unread, and almost always disregard-
ed."
It is important to reemphasize that
this legislation is not a criticism of any
of the members of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, past or present. They have been
fine and patriotic men doing the best
that they could do, often at a inbatan-
tial sacrifice to their personal lives.
The problem has not been the people.
It's the system. that has created the
problem, and it's the system that
needs to be fixed.
By making the JCS Chairman the
principal nattary addser, this lowest
common denominator phe.nomenon
will be abolished. At the satne time,
dissenting Mflitery advice from the
Other service Weft will be passed on
to the President, ash; should be.
I am also heartened by the Way this
legislation strengthens the unified
commands, our military- leaders in the
field. Unified commands have Dames
assigned to them frroni two or More
different services, and are responsible
for a particular part Of the world.
While this is fine in theory, the setup
to date has not wOrkeil WO well in
practice. As Senator Nowa has Put E.
"We have unified Commanders but di-
vided comthritida." each unified corn.
mender hes his own suborditinte Joint
cOmmand, with a reptestelledire froth
each service. so that consensus must
once again be readied among aft the
!services. As the coMmander of the U.S.
Veadiness Conirnaiitt, Oen. Wallace
Nutting, has said:
there is no =Wankel beloWthe Untied
Command echelon ?in this circumstance.
the degree of operational minion/on in the
readiness toormand snit between its comps.
nests 1s de inertitieleas
Unified commanders have little say
on resource decisions. As Gen. Bernard
Rogers, commander-in-chief of the En-
Mite= Command, has said.
There is an Imbalance between my MOW.
Bunnies and amouniabaity as a unified
operational ?Dalmatia and my Whence
on resource decisions.
This legbnation would give the uni-
fied commanders a say hi remorse al-
location decisions and would give him
greater authority over the forme at
his command. It also specifies that the
chain of command run from the Presi-
dent to the Secretary of Defense to
the combatant comnianders. With this
legislation, we will at long last Minded
President Eisenhower's call in 190g,
nearly 30 years ago. 'nut each old-
fled commander must have unques-
tioned authority over all units of his
conmiand."
The greater WM:leper of defense
management anent cutbacks to ' be
malle in hardquertem staff, as it
should. A total of 3.232 positions in
headquarters stiffs will be eliminated,
as Will another 9,432 elsewhere in de-
fense agencies, for a total of almost
17,700 positions. This will save several
billion dollars in pemomsel costs alone
over the next few years, and will ellini-
nate duplication and mismanagement
Madam President, this legislation is
a rich tapestry of useful change in de-
fense organization. It is long overdue,
but it is here at last. These dungen
will do more to strengthen our securi-
ty than any new weapon system. And
'unlike a weapon system, this legisle-
tion will save us billions, rather than
cost us billions. This is especially im-
portant at a time of tight budgets. The
need for change is urgent. The time
for change is now. I ani glad that the
Senate is seizing this opportunity to
make our military structure more ef-
fective, and more efficient, in defend-
ing our great country.
We may find in a year or two that
we need some fine tuning on this bill,
but I think this is one of the math, if
not the most, significant things that
has-been done in the Senate in my It
years here.
Again, I give my sincere thanks and
congratulations to these who have
worked so hard to make this day possi-
ble.
I yield the floor.
1420
Mr. GOLDWATER. Madam Pretd-
dent, I thank my good friend for his
comments.
I take this opportunity to remind
hint and in reminding him to remind
all of my colleagues that one of our
constitutional requirements is net just
to raise the Army and the Navy but to
maintain, in effect, oversight, some-
thing we reatly have not done.
I have servetton the Armed Services
Committee thnost my entire time in
the Senate, and While, we once a year,
hi effect, look at hoW much money
they want to spend on this, that, and
the other thing, we have never really
asked the question "Do you need it?"
I had an argument the other day
with the Reserve Army and they want
to buy four jet airplanes. "Why do you
need four jet airplanes?" They said,
"To accomplish our mission." I said
"If you put a 10 millimeter cannon in
the nose of that jet airplane I might
buy it."
- This Is the kind of surveillance tha
every Member of this body can ex
else all the time.
will be the first one be tell you th
we can save a lot of money. We. are
buying a lot of equipment, I hate to
tell you, that we do not need. We just ?
need a lot more of fundamental, down-
to-earth weapons to go out and fight a
war. We do not need all this fancy
stuff. We can go back to throwing
rocks and using spears and arrows, but
do not want to.
I thank the Senator.
Mr. 1317MPER.S. I thank Senator
Goinwomm and / tell Mtn ? he has
STAT
All SUPS
warmed my heart because I have made
that speech so many times. It is really
gratifying to hear the chairman of
this committee, who has had such an
'Illustrious career in this whole area of
defense, My those tingles. I could not
agree more. I thank him for the cam-
Ments.
Mr. COHEN. Madam President, ear-
lier this morning the chairman. Sena- ?
tor GoLDWATER. indicated That if my
colleagues were patient, I would have
an eloquent statement to deliver later
In the day. I do in fact have an elo-
quent statement to deliver. but I know
that several of my colleagues have
amendments they prefer to offer.
Therefore, I will not impose my elo-
quence upon their patience. ?
I would, however, like to correct a
statement I made earlier this morning.
I suggested that the chairman had of-
fered the Senate a new ides. I think-
we- all knew from biblical studies there
is nothing new under the gut With re-
spect to maneaver Andra% for exam-
ple, one can go back and quote from
Sun Itu, a great military strategist,
who wrote on this subject. over 2,000
years ago.
Defense reorganization is not a new
Idea. In feet, it is an old idea.
I would like to quote just a fed
words from President EntenhoWer. He
said:
? Confronted by such meth needs we
cannot allow dinerfud savior eimspeinta to
detertnine the .chersocter of our ilaternss?
either as to opesstatmal, pionsolum
or as to the devekmment, production and
ass of newer wesPOOhltuessichtestikakik.
troths confusion sad hseumerskiesIsbasin
in these times, to court dhOotter; 1 sinsMe
overemphasise my try's security security requirements must natives&
ordituded to outmoded air vingleiiervite Con-
e**, of war.
He made that statement in ? 1058.
Nonetheless because Of Sh effort on
the part of the Department of Defense
over the 'years, that ViliQn ef his had
not MOM to fruition.
Once again, I would like to praise
Chairman Citunwstua for his effort.
Just as it took Richard Nixon to open
the door to China. I believe it took
13Sitak GOLDWATER to open the door to
the Pentagon for the winds of reform.
Although this is an old idea, it is an
Idea whose time has come. Without
Senator GOLDWAINWII leadership this
measure would net be on the floor
7. he PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr-
HEN). The Senator from Ariaona is
ized.
siessemouvr un. Ina
(Purpose: To prohitdt the safe. donation, or
other transfer of Blanotanthircrwft mis-
siles to democratia reshiltauce forces in Af-
ghanistan and Angola unless certain con-
ditions are met,
Mr. DaCONCINI. Mr. President. I
send an amendment to the desk and
ask for its immediate consideration.
The PRESIDING OPPIC'ER. The
amendment will be stated.
The bill clerk 'read at follows:
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S 5872 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
At the request of Mrs. KASSEBAUM,
the name of the Senator from Mon-
tana [Mr. MELCHER] was withdrawn as
a cosponsor of amendment No. 1823
intended to be proposed to S. 100,
supra.
AMENDMENT NO. 1951
At the request of Mr. DANFORTH, the
name of the Senator from Connecticut
[Mr. Doim] was added as a cosponsor
of amendment No. 1951 intended to be
proposed to S. 1999, a bill to regulate
interstate commerce by providing for a
uniform product liability law, and for
other purposes. ?
SENATE RESOLUTION 405?EX-
PRESSING OPPOSITION TO
THE IMPOSITION OF A FEDER-
AL LICENSING FEE FOR
MARINE SPORTFISHING
Mr. LAUTENBERG (for himself and
Mr. HoLLums) submitted the following
resolution; Which was referred to the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation:
S. Ras. 405
Whereas the President has proposed the
imposition of a federal licensing fee for rec-
reational marine fishermen, to be imple-
mented by the Secretary of Commerce;
Whereas the Administrator of the Nation-
al Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
has suggested imposing a similar fee on
commercial fishermen;
Whereas the federal revenues raised by
the proposed fees would not be contributed
to enhancement of fisheries;
Whereas the revenues expected to be
raised would far exceed federal expendi-
tures in direct support of recreational fish-
eries;
Whereas there are over seventy million
recreational fishing trips taken along the
coastal mainland of the United States annu-
ally;
Whereas commercial and recreational
fisheries together generate an estimated $27
billion to the nation's economy, and provide
employment for an estimated 900,000 indi-
viduals;
Whereas imposition of such a fee would
discourage growth of the fisheries industries
in this country, and harm related industries;
Whereas imposition of such a fee would
have adverse impacts on state and local
economies: Now, therefore, be it
? Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President,
today I am submitting a resolution to
express the sense of the Senate oppos-
ing the imposition of a Federal fishing
license fee for recreational fishermen.
I am pleased to be joined by my distin-
guished colleague from South Caroli-
na, Senator Hounics, in submitting
this resolution.
When the President submitted his
budget proposal for fiscal year 1987,
he included a recommendation to im-
plement a Federal ocean sportfishing
license. This proposal would require
recreational fishermen to obtain a
Federal license in order to fish off our
coasts. The fee would be at least $10,
with $5 going to the general treasury,
and the remainder to the State in
which the license was obtained. The
administration proposes to raise $200
million in revenues over the next 5
years through this program. None of
the Federal revenues generated from
this fee would serve to enhance
fisheries.
Fisheries represent an important
segment of the economies of coastal
States. Over 70 million recreational
fishing trips were taken in the coastal
waters of the continental United
States. Combined, recreational and
commercial fisheries generate an esti-
mated $27 billion in the United States,
and employ approximately 900,000 in-
dividuals.
In my State, New Jersey, fisheries
play a vital role in the State's econom-
ic .well-being. An estimated 1.6 million
salt water recreational fishermen
reside in New Jersey, while another 1,2
million tourists come to our State each
year to fish in the Atlantic coastal
waters. There are 800 owners of large
charter marine sportfishing charter
boats in New Jersey. Recreational fish-
eries bring in between $300 and $400
million each year to the economy of
New Jersey.
Mr. President, the imposition of a
Federal ocean sportfishing license on
recreational fishermen could have dev-
astating impacts on State and local
economies. In New Jersey, an over-
whelming majority of those chartering
marine fishing vessels do so only once
each year. If a Federal fee of at least
$10 is imposed in addition to the cost
of chartering a vessel, many of these
one-time fishermen will find a fishing
trip infeasible. The impact of this on
charter boat owners, as well as on as-
sociated businesses would be severe.
The administration's proposal raised
Federal revenues without any benefit
accruing to the enhanceMent and en-
richment of fisheries. This proposal
attempts to raise Federal revenues at
the expense of a small group. The Na-
tional Marine Fisheries Service direct-
ly spends only about $3 million to en-
hance recreational fisheries annually.
The funds raised through this propos-
al would far exceed Federal expendi-
tures in this area. Mr. President, this
amounts to nothing more than a tax
increase on recreational fishermen
which is being disguised as a user fee.
This proposal is inappropriate, and I
hope the administration will not
pursue it further. This resolution is
meant to put the Senate firmly on
record in opposition to the administra-
tion's proposal. I am pleased to have
Senator Hounms as its original co-
sponsor, and urge my colleagues to
support the resolution..
? Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President,
today I join with my colleague Senator
LAUTENBERG to submit a resolution ex-
pressing opposition to the administra-
tion's proposal to implement an ocean
sportfishing license.
The plan would impose a fee of at
least $10 on the Nation's 17 million
recreational anglers who fish in our
coastal waters; $5 of that license fee
would go the Federal Government.
The plan would generate hundreds of
millions of dollars in revenue over the
next few years.
'May 13, 1986
Some might call this proposal a
"user fee." But it is not. If it were,
then recreational fishermen could
expect to benefit directly from hun-
dreds of millions of dollars in Federal
services. Yet look at what they are get-
ting?the National Marine Fisheries
Service spends only about $3 million a
'Year on programs that directly en-
hance and support ocean sportfishing.
And the administration wants to slash
this agency's budget, to boot.
Ocean sportfishermen, who make
more than 70 million fishing trips
each year, are already paying for ex-
isting programs?through special taxes
on the marine fuel and recreational
equipment they purchase.
Thus, the administration's fishing li-
cense proposal is nothing more than a
scheme to fleece the Nation's recre-
ational fishermen of their hard-earned
money in order to offset deficits they
didn't create.
Mr. President, I have said for years
that we can balance our Federal
budget if the President and the Con-
gress show the discipline necessary to
do it. We've passed the Gramm-
Rudman-Hollings law to force us to
exercise that discipline. But let us not
look to hare-brained proposals such as
this ocean sportfishing license to solve
our deficit problems. It's not fair, it's
not right, and it certainly won't get
the job done.?
SENATE RESOLUTION 406?HON-
ORING THE 125TH ANNIVERSA-
RY OF CAMPING IN THE
UNITED STATES
Mr. DODD (for himself and Mr.
WEICKER) submitted the following res-
olution; which was referred to the
Committee on the Judiciary:
S. RES. 406
Whereas, in August of 1861, Frederick
William Gunn, Headmaster of the Gunnery
School in Washington, Connecticut, set out
with his students on a forty-mile excursion
to Welches Point on Long Island Sound in
the first recorded organized children's
summer camping experience in the history
of our nation, and;
Whereas, the camp at Welches Point pro-
moted the development and self-discipline
of the participants, and was perceived to
have been a valuable experience for the
young students and adults who pitched
tents and lived for two weeks in the out-of-
doors, doing their own cooking, fishing, and
chores, and enjoying songs and stories by
campfire at night, and:
Whereas, since those origins in the late
19th century, organized camping has provid-
ed young people with activities designed to
promote personal growth and development
skills; to encourage positive behavioral
change; and to foster the ability to commu-
nicate with both other children and adults;
and;
Whereas, today over 11,000 camps, in 50
states, serve four million young Americans
each year, and;
Whereas, 1986 is the 125th Anniversary of
organized camping in the United States;
Resolved, That due honor and recognition
be accorded the institution of organized
camping in its 125th year of existence, with
the acknowledgement of the contributions
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May 13, 1386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
amend chapter 11 of title 18, United
States Code, to prohibit any former
high-level Federal civilian officer or
employee or high-ranking officer of a
uniformed service from representing
or advising a foreign principal for a
period of at least 5 years after leaving
Government service.
8.9183
At the request of Mr, Mrrzerresum,
the name of the Senator from Penn-
sylvania [Mr. Specreel was added as a
cosponsor of S. 2183, a bill to improve
services for individUals with Alzhei-
mer's disease and their families.
S. 2208
At the request of Mr. Thanes, the
name of the Senator from North
Dakota [Mr, Annerws] was added as a
cosponsor of S. 2206, a bill to amend
the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to
repeal the Windfall profit tax on crude
oil.
8. 2273
At the request of Mr. Kstrzn, the
name of the Senator from Minnesota
[Mr. DuitENBERGXR] was added as a co-
sponsor of S. 2273, a bill to amend the
Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to
deny the tax exemption for interest on
industrial development bonds used to
finance acquisition of farm property
by foreign persons.
At the requesMnfr. DeConcini,
the names of the Senator from Igawati
[Mr. MsTsurmosl, and the Senator
from Ntaine [Mx. Miters/3,bl were
add?oSPonsOrs of S. 2286, a bill
to prohibit the sale, donation, or other
transfer of Stinger antiaircraft mis-
siles to democratic resistance forces in
Afghanistan and Angola unless certain
S. 2327
- At the request of Mr. GRAMM, the
name of the.Senator from Texas [Mr.
Beirrsern was added as a cosponsor of
S. 2327, a bill to amend the Low-
Income Home Energy Assistance Act
of 1981 to specify the method of deter-
mining State allotments.
8. 2947
At the request of Mr. Beirrsen, the
name of the Senator from Texas Mr.
GRAMM] was added as a cosponsor of
S. 2347, a bill to authorize the Corps
of Engineers to issue permits under
the Clean Water Act and the River
and Harbor Act for construction Of a
water resource project in the State of
Texas.
8.2367
At the request of MF. DURENBERGER,
the name of the Senator from Idaho
[Mr. McCuntel was added as a cospon-
sor of S. 2387, a bill to provide relief to
State and local governments from Fed-
eral regulation.
S2411
At the request of Mr. D'AMATO, the
name of the Senator from South Caro-
lina [Mr. Thomann] was added as a
cosponsor of S. 2411, a bill to prohibit
possession, manufacture, sale, impor-
tation, and mailing of ballistic knives.
? 6.2434 .
At the request of Mr. HATCH, the
name of the Senator from Oklahoma
[Mr. Moues] Was added as a cospOn-
sor of S. 2434, a bill to ainencl the
Public Health Service Act to require
the Secretary of Health and Human
Services to' prepare announcements
for television on the health risks to
women which result from cigarette
smoking-
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 311
At the request of Mr. CRANSTON, the
names of the Senator from Minois
[Mr. Simon] and the Senator from
riorida [Mrs. Hswerrisl were added as
cosponsors of Senate Joint Resolution
311, a joint resolution designating the
week beginning November 9, 1986, as
"National Women Veterans Recogni-
tion Week".
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 323
At the request of Mr. D'AmsTo, the
name of the Senator from Illinois [Mr.
Simon] was added as a cosponsor of
Senate Joint Resolution 323, a joint
resolution to designate May 21, 1986,
as "National Andrei Sakharov Day".
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 328
At the request of Mr. WALLOP, the
name of the Senator from Indiana
[Mr. QUAYLE] was added as a cospon-
sor of Senate Joint Resolution 326, a
joint resolution to proclaim May 21,
1986, as "Andrei Sakharov Honor. and
Freedom Day".
? SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 333
At the request of Mr. ANDREWS, the
namei of the Senator from Michigan
[Mr. Levntl, the Senator from South
Carolina [Mr. Haulms]. the Senator
from Georgia [Mr. urn43, the Senator
from Nebraska (Mr. ZORINSICY], the
Senator from West Virginia [Mr.
ROCKEFELLER], the Senator from Okla-
homa [Mr. ?grouts], the Senator from
Vermont [Mr. LEAHY], the Senator
from North Dakota [Mr. Enamor],
the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr.
KERRY], the Senator from Arkansas
[Mr. PRYOR], the Senator from South
Dakota [Mr. Aannoal, the Senator
from Idaho [Mr. McCune], the Sena-
tor from Minnesota [Mr. BoscHwiTz],
the Senator from Missouri (Mr. Dsm-
"them), the Senator from Illinois [Mr.
Dixon], the Senator from Connecticut
[Mr. Weroczel, the Senator from Mas-
sachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY], the Sena-
tor from Hawaii [Mr. Inouye], the
Senator from Arkansas [Mr. BUMP-
zi(s), and the Senator from Michigan
[Mr. Rumor] were added as cosponsors
Of Senate Joint Resolution 333, a joint
resolution designating the week of
May 18, 19M, through May 24, 1986,
as "National Food Bank Week".
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 335
At the request of Mr. CHILES, the
names of the Senator from Pennsylva-
nia (Mr. Heme), and the Senator from
Massachusetts [Mr. KENNEDY] were
added as cosponsors of Senate Joint
Resolution 335, a joint resolution to
designate May 8,4986, as "Naval Avia-
tion Day".
S 5871
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 337
At the request of Mrs. liswicnys, the
name of the Senator from Colorado
(Mr. ARMSTRONG] was added as a co-
sponsor of Senate Joint Resolution
337, a joint resolution designating May
18-24, 1986, as "Just Say No to Drugs
Week".
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 942
At the request of Mrs. HAWKINS, the
names of the Senator from Alabama
(Mr. Marron], the Senator from
North Dakota [Mr. BURDICK], the Sen-
ator from Idaho [Mr. Symms], and the
Senator from Georgia [Mr. MATTING-
LY] were added as cosponsors of
Senate Joint Resolution 342, a joint
resolution to designate May 25, 1986,
as "Missing Children Day".
SENATE CONCURRRIENTIRESOLUTION 125
" At the request of_ Mr. HEINZ, the
name of the Senator from Arizona
[Mr. DeConcini] was added as a co-
sponsor of Senate Concurtent Resolu-
tion 125, a concurrent resolution rec-
ognizing the achievements of the Ire-
land Fund and its founder, Dr. Antho-
ny J.F. O'Reilly.
SENATE RESOLUTION 981
At the request of Mr. DEColtarn,
the name of the Senator from Florida
(Mr. CHILES] was added as a cosponsor
of Senate Resolution 381, a resolution
expressing the 'sense of the Senate
with respect to United States corpora-
tions doing business in Angola.
SMUTS RESOLUTION 986
At the request of .Mr. SigiSia, the
name of the Senator from South Caro-
lina [Mr. HOLLINGS], was added as a
cosponsor of Senate Resolution 385, a
resolution to express the sense Of the
Senate that certain action be taken to
end hunger in the United States by
1990.
SENATE RESOLUTION 392
At the request of Mr. DeConcini,
the names of the Senator from Ver-
mont [Mr. Lentil, and the Senator
from Michigan [Mr. Lem] were
added as cosponsors of Senate Resolu-
tion 392, a resolution expressing the
sense of the Senate that the people of
the Republic of Korea should be al-
lowed to petition for a constitutional
amendment to allow for the direct
election of their president.
SENATE RESOLUTION 301
At the request of Mr. QUAYLE, the
names of the Senator from Oklahoma
[Mr. Boma and the Senator from
South Dakota [Mr. Mame] were
added as cosponsors of Senate Resolu-
tion 397, a resolution expressing the
sense of the Senate regarding the-
lending practices of Multilateral devel-
opment banks.
AMENDMENT NO. 1823
At the request of Mrs. KAMM/UWE,
the name of the Senator from Penn-
sylvania [Mr. HEINZ] was added as a
cosponsor of amendment No. 1823 in-
tended to be proposed to S. 100, a bill
to regulate interstate commerce by
providing for a uniform product liabil-
ity law, and for other purposes.
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S 6394 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
from New York [Mr. D'AmATo], the
Senator from Wyoming [Mr. WALLOP],
the Senator from Virginia [Mr.
WARNER], the Senator from Virginia
[Mr. TRIBLEI, the Senator from Indi-
ana [Mr. QUAYLE], the Senator from
Oregon [Mr. HATFIELD], the Senator
from New Hampshire (Mr. RUDMAN),
the Senator from Minnesota [Mr.
BoseNwiTz], the Senator from Idaho
[Mr. McCLuRE], the Senator from
Washington [Mr. EvANs], the Senator
from Pennsylvania [Mr. SPECTER], the
Senator from New Hampshire [Mr.
HUMPH.REY], the Senator from Florida
[Mrs. HAurioNs], the Senator from Illi-
nois [Mr. Sim?N], the Senator from
Massachusetts [Mr. KERRY], the Sena-
tor from Montana [Mr. MELCHER], the
Senator from Arkansas [Mr. PRYOR],
the Senator from Iowa [Mr. HARKIN],
the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr.
BORER], the Senator from New York
[Mr. MOYNIHAN], the Senator from
West Virginia [Mr. ByRD], the Senator
from Florida [Mr. CHILES], the Sena-
tor from Vermont [Mr. LEAHY], and
the Senator from Nevada [Mr. HEcKr]
were added as cosponsors of Senate
Concurrent Resolution 140, a concur-
rent resoluton to pay tribute to the
late William C. Lee and to designate
June 6, 1986, as "William C. Lee Day."
SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 141
At the request of Mr. D'AmAxo, his
name was added as a cosponsor of
Senate Concurrent Resolution 141, a
concurrent resolution expressing the
sense of Congress for full representa-
tion by American ethnic groups in the
awarding of Statue of Liberty medals.
SENATE RESOLUTION 330
At the request of Mr. DENTON, the
name of the Senator from Virginia
[Mr. TRIBLE] was added as a cosponsor
of Senate Resolution 330, a resolution
establishing a Special Committee on
Families, Youth, and Children.
SENATE RESOLUTION 409
At the request of Mr. MATTINGLY,
the names of the Senator from Okla-
homa [Mr. NICLKES], the Senator from
Minnesota [Mr. Bosom'TE], the Sena-
tor from Nevada [Mr. LAXALT], the
Senator from Indiana [Mr. QUAYLE),
the Senator from Alaska [Mr. STE-
vim], the. Senator from Massachu-
setts [Mr. KENNEDY], and the Senator
from California [Mr. WILSON] were
added as cosponsors of Senate Resolu-
tion 409, a resolution to express the
sense of the Senate that the tax
reform legislation, when that bill is
signed into law, remain unchanged for
a minimum of five years, for the pur-
pose of promoting economic growth
and opportunity.
AMENDMENT NO. 1729
At the request of Mr. DOMENICI, the
name of the Senator from Utah (Mr.
HATCH) was added as a cosponsor of
Amendment No. 1729 intended to be
proposed to S. 1004, a bill to authorize
and direct the Secretary of Energy to
establish a program to provide for rec-
lamation and other remedial actions
with respect to mill tailings at active
uranium and thorium processing sites.
SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLU-
TION 143?URGING THE RE-
SUMPTION OF THE UNITED NA-
TIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER
FOR REFUGEES ORDERLY DE-
PARTURE FROM VIETNAM
Mr. DECONCINI (for himself and
Mr. Muiticowsm) submitted the fol-
lowing concurrent resolution; which
was referred to the Committee on For-
eign Relations:
S. Con. RES. 143
Whereas the United Nations Orderly De-
parture Program for Vietnam has enabled
more than 100,000 persons to leave Vietnam
without facing the hazards of departure by
sea, which has exposed thousands of Viet-
namese to the risks of weather, un-
seaworthy vessels, and the depredations of
pirates;
Whereas the international community,
the United States Government, and the
American people have expressed their sup-
port for the agreement reached between the
United Nations High Commissioner for Ref-
ugees and the Vietnamese authorities in
1979 to establish the Orderly Departure
Program for Vietnam (hereafter in this pre-
amble referred to as the "Departure Pro-
gram");
Whereas that agreement provides for both
"family reunion and humanitarian cases" to
depart Vietnam through the Departure Pro-
gram and for the Government of Vietnam
to provide the United Nations High Com-
missioner for Refugees and the receiving
countries with every facility to implement
the Departure Program;
Whereas the President. in consultation
with the Congress, proposed in September
1984, and reaffirmed in September 1985,
that the United States was prepared to re-
ceive (1) persons of special humanitarian
concern from Vietnam, in particular the "re-
education camp" prisoners, thousands of
whom remain imprisoned because of their
past associations with United States pro-
grams and policies in the region or with the
former Government of the Republic of Viet-
nam; and (2) the Amerasian children and
their mothers and other close relatives re-
maining in Vietnam;
Whereas the United States and other con-
cerned governments have earnestly sought
improvements in the operation of the De-
parture Program at meetings organized by
the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees with representatives of the Social-
ist Republic of Vietnam; and
Whereas the authorities of the Socialist
Republic of Vietnam on January 1, 1986,
suspended the inverviewing and processing
of all applicants in Vietnam for resettle-
ment in the United States, thus threatening
to interrupt the flow of departures from
Vietnam by those found eligible for admis-
sion to the United States as refugees or im-
migrants: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep-
resentatives concurring), That the Congress
hereby calls upon the Government of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam?
(1) to permit the immediate resumption of
interviewing and processing of applicants in
Vietnam who have received preliminary ap-
proval from the United States Government
for resettlement in the United States under
the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees Orderly Departure Program for
Vietnam; and
(2) to permit the orderly departure of "re-
education camp" prisoners, Amerasian chil-
May 21, 1986
dren, and other persons of special humani-
tarian concern to the United States.
? Mr. DECONCINI. Mr. President, on
behalf of myself and the distinguished
chairman of the Senate Committee on
Veterans Affairs, Senator Minucow-
sKI, I am submitting today a concur-
rent resolution expressing the sense of
Congress that the Socialist Republic
of Vietnam should (1) immediately
resume the interviewing and process-
ing of applicants in Vietnam who have
received preliminary approval from
the U.S. Government for resettlement
in the United States under the United
Nations High Commissioner for Refu-
gees [UNHCR] Orderly Departure
Program, and (2) permit the orderly
departure of "re-education camp" pris-
oners, Amerasian children, and other
persons of special humanitarian con-
cern to the United States.
Mr_ President, our good friend from
Florida, Congressman MICHAEL BILI-
RAKIS, who traveled to Vietnam with
Senator MURKOWSKI, Congressman
McEwEN, and myself in January, will
be introducing companion legislation
in the House of Representatives.
While the congressional members of
the Murkowski Codel were in Hanoi
pursuing the POW/MIA issue with Vi-
etnamese officials, other members of
our staffs visited the Phanat Nikhom
Refugee Camp in Thailand. In subse-
quent reports to us, they underscored
the importance of the Orderly Depar-
ture Program [ODP] continuing in an
unimpeded manner.
Mr. President, the Orderly Depar-
ture Program was negotiated in 1979
between the Socialist Republic of Viet-
nam [SRV] and the United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees in re-
sponse to the flood of boat people who
fled Vietnam in 1978 and 1979. Many
of these "boat people" traveled in
unsafe vessels and unnecessarily died
as a result of storms, drownings, and
attacks by pirates. The Orderly Depar-
ture Program was established to pro-
vide a humane and orderly way in
which refugees could leave Vietnam
and resettle in nations willing to
accept them.
The Orderly Departure Program
works like this:
Interest expressed. A person in the
United States or in the SRV contacts
the ODP office at the American Em-
bassy in Bangkok, or a voluntary
agency in the United States, express-
ing interest in the ODP. The ODP
office requests an immigrant visa peti-
tion from the relative in the United
States or proof of a past close associa-
tion with the United States.
Documentation. Upon receipt of an
approved immigrant visa petition [I-
130] or of evidence of close past ties
with the United States, the ODP
office in Bangkok opens a file and re-
quests the documents required to com-
plete the application. When the ODP
is satisfied with the documentation
submitted, it then adds the name of
the applicant to the list of names of
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May 21, 1986
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
sale, donation, or other transfer of
Stinger antiaircraft missiles to demo-
cratic resistence forces in Afghanistan
and Angola unless certain conditions
are met.
At the request of Mr. &Dm, the
names of the Senator from West Vir-
ginia. [Mr. Romer/a-teal and the Sena-
tor from Arkansas [Mr. Bumezasl
were added as cosponsors of S. 2291, a -
bill to amend the Energy Reorganiza-
tion Act of 1974 to create an independ-
ent Nuclear Safety Board.
S. 2294
At the request of Mr. Wzictuat, the
name of the Senator from Utah [Mr.
HATCH] Was added as cosponsor of S.
2294, a bill to reauthorize certain pro-
grams under the Education of the
Handicapped Act, to authorize an
early intervention program for handi-
capped infants, and for other pur-
poses.
5.2332 ,
At the request of Mr. Boscnwrrt.,
the names of the Senator from Minne-
sota [Mr. Dtatzsziammat] and the Sena-
tor from Wisconsin [Mr: ICASTIN1 were
added as cosponsors of S. 2332, a bill
to provide credit assistance to borrow-
ers of loans made by commercial lend-
ing institutions, Farm Credit System
institutions, and the Farmers Home
Administration, and for other pur-
poses.
5.1333
At the request of Mr. Duasonnotoas,
the names of the Senator from North
Dakota, [Mr. BURDICK] and the Sena-
tor from Connecticut (Mr. Dorsi were
added as cosponsors of 8. 2333, a bill
to amend title XIX of the Social Secu-
rity Act to strengthen and improve
Medicaid services to low-income preg-
nant women and children.
6.2401
At the request of Mrs. ICASSEBAUM,
the names of the Senator from Michi-
gan [Mr. Lena], the Senator from
Rhode Island [Mr. Paul, and the Sen-
ator from New York [Mr. MoyrurtAal
were added as cosponsors of S. 2401, a
bill to prohibit the manufacture or dis-
tribution in, or the importation into,
the United States of -certain firearms.
8.2410
At the request of Mr. BAUCUS, the
names of the Senator from North
Dakota [Mr. Almazysl, the Senator
from Texas [Mr. Bermes), the Sena-
tor from Oklahoma [Mr. Boasts), the
Senator from North Dakota [Mr. Boa-
mot], the Senator from Maine [Mr.
MITCHELL], and the Senator from
West Virginia [Mr. RocitErELLER] were
added as cosponsors of S. 2410, a bill
to amend the Social Security Act to
provide for improved treatment of
small rural hospitals and sole conunu-
nity hospitals under title XVIII and
XIX of such Act, and for other pur-
poses.
S. 2411
At the request of Mr. D'Amaro, the
name of the Senator from Michlael)
[Mr. Lzvns] was added as a cosponsor
of S. 2411, a bill to prohibit possession.
anufaxture, sale, importation, and
ailing of ballistic knives.
s. 2421
At the request of Mr. GORTON, the
name of the Senator from Minnesota
[Mr. DURENBERGER] web added as a co-
sponsor of S. 2421, a bill to amend the
Truth in Lending Act.
8. 2444
At the request of Mr. STAFFORD, the
name of the Senator from New York
[Mr. MOYNIHAN] was added as cospon-
sor of S. 2444, a bill to reauthorize the
Head Start Act, the Low-Income Home
Energy Assistance Act of 1981, the
community Services Block Grant Act,
the dependent care State grant pro-
gram, and for other purposes.
S. 2463
At the request of Mr. CONES., the
name of the Senator from Florida
[Mr. Catza.sl was added as a cosponsor
of S. 2453, a bill to enhance the capa-
bilities of the United States to combat
terrorism and other forms of uncon-
ventional warfare.
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 134
At the request of Mr. BIM, the
name of the Senator from New York
[Mr. MOyNIMAN] was added as a co-
sponaor of Senate Joint Resolution
134, a joint resolution to designate
"National Safety in the Workplace
Week".
SENATE JOINT RksoLuyoN Ise
At the request of Mr. Mamma, the
names of the Senator from Utah (Mr.
Hama the Senator from Missouri
[Mr. EAGLETON], and the Senator front
California [Mr. Cimarron' were added
as cosponsors of Senate Joint Resohl-
tion 169, a joint resolution to com-
memorate the bicentennial anniversa-
ry of the first patent and the first
copyright laws.
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 244
At the request of Mr. DECONCINI, the
names of the Senator from Nevada
[Mr. Laxaml, the Senator from Geor-
gia [Mr. Marrnsoty], the Senator
from Oklahoma [Mr. Maxus], the
Senator from Georgia [Mr. Nasal, the
Senator from Virginia [Mr. Tanis],
and the Senator from Nebraska [Mr.
ZoittasKyl were added as cosponsors
of Senate Joint Resolution 244, a joint
resolution tp designate October 8;
1986, as "National Fire Fighters Day."
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 322
At the request of Mr. LAUTENBERG,
the names of the Senator form Ne-
braska [Mr. Exoal, and the Senator
from Nebraska [Mr. ZORINSKY] were
added as cosponsors of Senate Joint
Resolution 322, a joint resolution to
designate December 7, 1986, as "Na-
tional Pearl Harbor Rememberance
Day" on the occassion of the anniver-
sary of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 338
At the request of Mr. Rama, the
names of the Senator freak South
Carolina [Mr. Houma], the Senator
from Nebraska [Mr. ZORINSKY], the
S 6393
Senator from Florida [Mr. Canis],
the Senator from North Dakota [Mr.
Butuncx3, the Senator from Iowa [Mr.
HARKIN], and the Senator from
Nevada [Mr. Hamm] were added as co-
sponsors of Senate Joint Resolution
338, a joint resolution to designate No-
vember 18, 1988, as "National Commu-
nity Education Day."
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 346
At the request of Mr. HEINZ, the
names of the Senator from Maryland
[Mr. MATHIAS], and the Senator from
Maine (Mr. COHEN] were added as co-
sponsors of Senate Joint Resolution
346, a joint resolution to designate
June 21, 1986, as "National Save
American Industry and Jobs Day."
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 347
At the request of Mr. Lams, the
names of the Senator from Washing-
ton [Mr. GORTON], the Senator from
Minnesota [Mr. BoscaVirrzl, the Sena-
tor from Kansas [Mrs. KassEtutusil,
and the Senator from South Catalina
[Mr. TamtmoND1 were added as co-
sponsors of Senate Joint Resolution
347, a joint resolution to designate the
week of May 19, 1986. through May 24,
1986, as "National Homelessness
Awareness Week." -
MATE cowman= RESOLUTION 131
At the request of Mr. HART, the
names of the Senator from Oklabaina
[Mr. Boma], the Senator from Ne-
braska (Mr. EXCorl. the Senator from
Nevada [Mr. MOM. the Senator ftet0
Vermont [Mr. Liatavl. the Senatter
from Oklahoma [Mr. Nicalast the
Senator from Minds Ob. Swum and
the Senator from Virginia [Mr:
TRIBLE] were added alk* cOsponsors of
Senate Concurrent Resolution 131, a
concurrent resolution expressing the
sense of the Congress that the Soviet
Union should immediately provide for
the release and safe passage of Nstum
Meiman and Inns Kittosskaya-
Meiman.
SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 138
At the request of Mr. Dour., the -
name of the Senator from Louisiana
[Mr. JOHNSTON] was added AS a co-
-sponsor of Senate Concurrent Resolu-
tion 138, a concurrent resolution ex-
pressing the sense of the Congress
with respect to Farm Credit System
agricultural loan restructing.
SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 140
At the request of Mr. Hams, the
names of the Senator from New
Mexico [Mr. Dosszracil, the Senator
from Kansas [Mr. Dotal, the Senator
from California [Mr. Vinsoal, the
Senator from North Carolina [Mr.
Emu], the Senator from South Caroli-
na [Mr. THURMOND], the Senator from
Iowa [Mr. GRASSIZY], the Senator
from Maine [Mr. Coaxal, the Senator
from Washington [Mr. GORTON], the
Senator from Georgia [Mr. MATTING-
LY], the Senator from Mississippi (Mr.
CoCHRAN], the Senator from Alabama
[Mr. DENTON], the Senator from Utah
[Mr. HATCH], the Senator from Penn-
sylvania [Mr. Hama the Senator
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May 7, 1986' CO
they could not satisfy the conditions,
and in such cases the missiles should
not be provided. We cannot afford to
let these particular missiles, the ulti-
mate terrorist weapon, slip into the
wrong hands.
The U.S. Government has set strict
guidelines for transportation and stor-
age of Stinger missiles. When we
agreed to sell this weapon to our allies,
such as Saudi Arabia and members of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion, stringent safeguards were re-
quired as conditions of the sale. These
safeguards included storage in steel
vaults, 24-hour armed security and
keeping the launcher and missile
locked up separately. We also stipulat-
ed the right to conduct an inventory
and inspection at any time.
But the Reagan administration has
reportedly begun covertly supplying
rebels in Angola and Afghanistan with
Stinger missiles without the same
safety requirements. I do not believe
we need to provide our most sophisti-
cated weapons to the forces in Angola
and Afghanistan for them to be suc-
cessful. We can show our support for
the rebel groups and provide for their
defensive needs with weapons less
lethal, mobile, or 'destabilizing than
the Stinger.
I have grave concern that the Sting-
er might fall into the hands of Co/.
Muammar el-Qadhaff, the Palestine
Liberation Organization, Iran, or even
the Russians or Cubans, who maintain
large numbers of advisers and troops
in Angola and Afghanistan. A journal-
ist who has covered the Afghan war
described one rebel group there as
being followers of the Ayatollah Ru-
hollah Khomeini. Posters of the Aya-
tollah adorn the warns of their village.
The State Department has described
some of the actions of UNITA, the An-
golan rebel force led by Jonas Savimbi,
as bordering on terrorist activity. For
example, UNITA claims to have shot
down at least three civilian Angolan
aircraft.
The recent terrorist bombings of the,
West Berlin discotheque and the TWA
Jetliner are evidence of an increased
threat to American targets. Colonel
Qadhafi says he will export terrorism
and "pursue U.S. citizens in their
country and streets." The PLO faction
leader Abu Nidal has also said that
"America is our target." The United
States must protect itself by being
careful not to arm its enemies. Presi-
dent Reagan can help to ensure the
safety of Americans at home and
abroad by enforcing strict safeguards
on the sale and use of Stinger missiles.
Vice President GEORGE BUSH issued
his report on combatting terrorism in
February 1986. His report documents
the following statistics:
The number of incidents has gener-
ally risen since statistics were first
compiled in 1968, with a trend toward
bloodier incidents with more fatalities.
Attacks caused 20 fatalities in 1968
compared to 926 in 1985;
NGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SEN
During the past decade, terrorists
have attacked U.S. officials or installa-
tions abroad once every 17 days. In the
past 17 years, terrorists have killed as
many US. diplomats as were killed in
the previous 180 years;
In the bombing of one location, the
U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut, the
United States lost nearly as many
servicemen as the British lost in the
entire Falklands campaign.
However, as astounding as statistics
can be, you cannot quantify human
life. Just ask the parents of Natasha
Simpson, an 11-year-old American girl
gunned down by terrorists in the
Rome and Vienna airport massacre.
Just ask the parents of U.S. service-
man Sgt. Kenneth Ford, who lost his
life in the West Berlin discotheque.
No, Mr. President, we should not make
it easier for terrorists in this very dan-
gerous environment today.
In Afghanistan, the black market
provides abundant opportunities for
terrorists to purchase numerous weap-
ons of their liking. This is a chilling
consideration. While I adamantly sup-
port the rebels' struggle against the
Russians we must not introduce Sting-
er missiles into this area without pro-
tection in a cavalier manner. Millions
of dollars in weapons have already
fallen into the hands of a prolific
black market. Many of the rebels are a
lot closer politically and religiously to
Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini. We must
provide adequate resistance for free-
dom fighters while not endangering
American freedom abroad and at
home.
One of the many reasons for insist-
ing upon safeguards is that before this
century is over, the rush of technology
will probably deliver into the hands of
minuscule peoples highly sophisticat-
ed weapons of frightening power. The
West and Russia live with arms com-
petition between each other. We
simply cannot tolerate a world where
the Qadhafis and the Arafats can give
a few terrorists the power to paralyze
cities and kill thousands of innocent
victims that do not accede to their de-
mands. The physical .safety of the
West 10 years from now depends on its
setting clear rules and prudent policies
today. We can provide resistance ef-
forts with capable and effective weap-
onry while not threatening American
lives. This legislation seeks to protect
our weapons and our citizens. After
all, Mr. President, our Constitution
reads:
We the people of the United States, in
order to form a more perfect union, estab-
lish justice, ensure domestic tranquility,
provide for the common defense, promote
the general welfare, and secure the bless-
ings of liberty to ourselves and our posteri-
ty, do ordain and establish this Constitution
for the United States of America.
0 1440
I am hopeful that my colleagues will
accept this amendment.
Mr. GOLDWATER and Mrs.
KASSEBAUM addressed the Chair.
ATE S 5507
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Arizona.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, it
is never pleasant for me to have to
oppose my colleague from Arizona.
But first, this amendment has no bUsi-
ness On this legislation. This legisla-
tion is an attempt to offer the Penta-
gon and the military Forces the oppor-
tunity to reorganize. An amendment
that calls for the exact location and
use of a certain weapon is out of place.
But, nevertheless, I hope I can answer
the Senator.
We are opposed to this, naturally.
The subject the amendment seeks to
address is very, very sensitive. The
Chair and I have both served on the
Intelligence Committee for many,
many years. And if it is to be consid-
ered by the Congress, it should come
to the floor only after it has received
the most serious and searching exami-
nation by appropriate Foreign Affairs,
Armed Services, and Intelligence Com-
mittees of the Congress.
I am very happy to see the chairman
of our Foreign Relations Committee
here.
The administration believes that it is
Inappropriate, therefore, for so sensi-
tive a matter as that addressed by this
amendment to be considered on the
floor with this matter, and such an im-
portant piece of legislation as this is
essentially irrelevant to the purpose of
the amendment.
Mr. President, / have lboked at the
amendment. It is rather hard to be-
lieve. It is mostly a description of how
these missiles should be stored. It does
not tell who we sell them to or not sell
them to, but I look, starting on page 2,
at how the magazines shall be con-
structed, how lighting shall be provid-
ed, and that the exterior doors, that
happen to be classified, are steel vault
doors operated by two key-operated,
high-security padlock and hasp.
I do not think Afghanistan ever
heard of it. But, nevertheless, they
have them; fencing, full-time guard
force, 100 percent physical counts
shall be taken monthly.
So the amendment is mostly taken
up with how these weapons shall be
stored, observed, and taken care of re-
gardless of where they are.
I must say to my very good friend
from Arizona that this type of weapon
Is not hard to get. The first one I ever
saw was 25 years ago made by the
French Government called a TOW.
Every country that I know of in the
civilized and some of the uncivilized
world have shoulder-borne weapons
that can?be fired the same as a Sting-
er. The Stinger happens to be in my
opinion the best. But this type of
weapon even with this amendment is
not going to stop the production or
stop it being made available.
I would like, Mr. President, very
much for the chairman of the Armed
Services Committee, Senator LUGAR, to
comment on this amendment because
It comes more under his committee
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than it does under my emanate& As I
say, it has no place on that bill. -
Mr. LUGAR addressed the Chair,
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Indiana is recognized
Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I deeply
appreciate the invitation of the histin-
guished chairman of the Armed Serv-
ices Committee to comment on this
amendment. I appreciate the impor-
tance of the legislation that is now
before the body, and the work that
the distinguished chairman, ranking
member, and others have, put in on
this legislation.
I have come to the floor because I
am concerned about the amendment
offered by the distinguished junior
Senator from Arizona. My first com-
ments parallel those of Senator Gots,-
WATER. The matter is a very sensitive
matter. I think it is acceptable to talk
hypothetically about such matters.
But when press reports are described
and then we move from those reports
to this amendment, I believe it calls
for the consideration of the Intelli-
gence Committee, or at least for pri-
vate sessions of the Armed Services
and the Foreign Relations Committees.
The Senator's motivation in offering
the amendment is an important one.
Stinger missiles have great potential
for destruction. This is one reason why
they are in great demand. But let me
point out, Mr. President, that this par-
ticular amendment proposes actions
that are best left to the discretion of
the Chief Executive.
I'm making this point because we try
so often to micromanage our foreign
policy on the floor and to develop our
foreign policy tactics. The President of
the United States, the Secretary of
State, and the Secretary of Defense
are fully aware of the potential dan-
gers of Stinger missiles. That wisdom
is not reposed Just with concerned
Senators. These are indeed destructive
weapons. They have very great capa-
bility against aircraft because they
can, as the distiriguished Senator from
Arizona pointed out, be carried by in-
dividuals.'
In the event freedom fighters or
ground troops are attacked by aircraft
of Marxist regimes, hypothetically,
the aircraft would typically prevail.
The fact is that freedom fighters with
a Stinger missile might have an equal-
izer in this hypothetical situation, and
might even prevail. .
As a general foreign policy proposi-
tion, the Congress has supported the
President of the 'United States in his
attempts to support those peoples who
want freedom, who are fighting Marx-
ist regimes, and who are trying to es-
tablish democracy. There are a
number of such instances around the
World. Each one of them is controver-
sial and each one is unique. We have
.discussed them backward and forward
at various times and in various places
within the Senate.
The President of the United States
also astierted from time tolthiethat it
may be important to etnplOY -oilert;
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CONORESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE May 7, 1986
-There IS a Mamba government in
and on occasion coVert, means to fur-
ther, these objectives, and there are
provisions under law for handling
thosedSituations.
As a practical matter, Mr. President,
this particular amendment is aimed at
Afghanistan and Angola by name. The
prospects, as the distinguished Sena-
tor from Arizona has pointed out, of
putting vaults and all of the other se-
curity safeguards to protect against
loss of the Stinger missiles in Angola or
in Afghanistan are remote indeed. The
net effect of the amendment is to say
to the President of the United States
he is precluded, that he cannot provide
this weapon system to these- two par-
ticular countries whatever his best
judgment, or that of the State Depart-
ment, and the Defense Department,
and the National Security Council.
I think, in terms of general philoso-
phy, it is a mistake, Mr. President, to
get into legislating specific weapons,
specific countries, and hypothetical
situations. Mentioning Afghanistan
and Angola, however, raises some very
important foreign policy questions.
If the Senator from Arizona wanted
to debate the value of our backing the
Afghanistan freedom fighters, that
would be an important debate in itself.
My own assumptions are that a major-
ity of the Members of this body do
favor support of the Afghan freedom
fighters.
0 1450
Let me just say that support is predi-
cated on the expectation that the
President of the United States has a
number of ways of offering that sup-
port. The Afghan freedom fighters are
not an army arrayed in such a way
that you can see them and count
them. They are engaged in what could
be called guerrilla warfare. They face
conditions in the field which hardly
permits the same precise arrange-
ments as are prescribed for Saudi
Arabia, where they house their Sting-
er missiles.
In short, Mr. President, there is con-
siderable foreign policy content in this
amendment, and considerable supposi-
tion as to who is responsible for the
conduct of U.S. foreign policy, the spe-
cific tactics to pursue and the weapons
that are to be used
I found the amendment weak on all
counts in that respect.
Once again, the Senator from Arizo-
na has taken up the question of the
freedom fighters in Angola. That is an
interesting question. We have dis-
cussed that issue on various occasions.
Some Members have said yes and some
have said no to our support for these
insurgents.
But this amendment gets us into the
specific weapons, the specific require-
ments for the housing and care of
those -weapons in a- Situation where
the freedom fighters are not a stand-
ing army, with battle lines and the
characteristics that are evident in a
conventiOnal warfare. It is guerrilla
warfare. And, it is tough business.
Angola, a government which is not our
friend. Furthermore; we Want the
Cubans out of Angola. We want the
Soviets to stop StiODOrting the Cubans. '
As a matter of fact, we Want a number
of changes in that conntry. With Sa-
vimbi wC haft an oppOrtUnity to show
where we stood on that issue.
Mr. President, in addition to describ-
ing whether or not we want to help
Savimbi, I think it is net advisable, as
a matter of policy, that Congress
should be dealing with specific weap-
ons in the Angola struggle.
Mr. President, I am hopeful that the
distinguished Senator from Arizona
will allow his amendment to be with-
drawn from this particular debate and
will attempt to work with the chair-
men of the various committees which
have relevance to the safety of Ameri-
can aircraft. Re suggests the hypo-
thetical situation of an American air-
craft being shot down by a Stinger mis-
sile. That is a horrendous possibility in
this world today and one which we
should and must prevent from hap-
pening.
But, to think through every condi-
tion in which an American aircraft
might be hit by a Stinger missile
defies speculation. Frankly, it is not a
useful debate.
It seems to me, this body can deter-
mine who are our friends, who are our
enemies, who we want to help, and
whether we want to give authority to
the President for devising the tactics
to be effective. Those, I think, are ap-
propriate subjects for us to debate.
I would hope the amendment would
be withdrawn and referred to the ap-
propriate committees for closed discus-
sion, since it involves very sensitive
issues.
Finally, Mr. President, I would say
that I share the thoughts expressed
by the distinguished Senator from Ari-
zona, and others who may have some
sympathy for this amendment. We do
need to be careful about safeguarding
these missiles. They are indeed deadly.
They are very effective. That is one of
the reasons we might want to provide
them to those who are fighting on our
side; it could help equalize the sides
rather substantially. But, in this 'par-
ticular debate I would hope the
amendment would be withdrawn. In
the event that it is not withdrawn, I
would hope that it would be defeated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Chair will recognize the Senator from
Kansas.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Will the Sena-
tor yield?
Mrs. KASSEBAUM. I yield.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Will the Sena-
tor speak to this amendment?
Mrs. ICASSEBAUM. That is correct.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that my name be added as co-
sponsor of this ainendreent.
The PRESII:MNO OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SEN
Mrs. KASSEBAUM. I appreciate
what the chairman of the committee,
Senator GOLDWATER, has said, as well
as the chairman of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee, Senator LUGAR,
about sensitive information. It is that.
But I also think it is an extremely im-
portant issue. I can fully appreciate
why Senator GOLDWATER and Senator
Numg would hesitate to see adding this
amendment to what is an enormously
important piece of legislation in their
effort to reorganize the Department of
Defense. But I think when we have an
issue such as this before us, it is one
that does require some thoughtful
analysis. It is not an attempt to micro-
manage policy from here. It is an at-
tempt to address what I think, as a
matter of fact, is a decision which is a
watershed for U.S. policy.
For the past 40 years we have fol-
lowed a self-imposed ban on the use of
top-grade American weapons in covert
competition with the Soviets. Up until
now we have given this weapon to only
a few. It is not a question of saying
who we should or should not give
them to, but it is a question of setting,
I believe, sound guidelines. These
transfers we have made have always
involved rigorous security require-
ments.
Stingers today cannot be bought on
the black market and have not been
lost in any war.
Serious questions are raised about
whether the decision to send Stingers
to rebel forces runs directly counter to
our vigorous efforts over the past sev-
eral years to control technology trans-
fer and to ensure that our advanced
technology, whether military or civil-
ian, does not fall into the hands of the
Soviet Union.
There has been a vigorous debate
before on the floor of the Senate as
well as elsewhere.
Sending this advanced technology to
rebel forces is a dangerous proposition.
I would like to quote from our distin-
guished colleague, Senator PACKWOOD,
at the time of a previous debate when
he said the United States was consid-
ering the sale of Stingers with security
controls. He said at that time:
There will not be an airplane or an airport
in the civilized world which will be safe.
There is no certainty that the Sting-
ers will remain in the hands of forces
friendly to the United States. We have
already seen captured Soviet surface-
to-air missiles which have turned up in
rebel hands in Angola and Central
America. And we have also seen nu-
merous reports that a large percentage
of arms sent to .Afghanistan end up in
the black market in Pakistan.
Supplying Stingers to rebel forces, I
believe, Mr. President, runs directly
counter to our concern about curtail-
ing terrorism. This Chamber has fully
discussed the danger of sending Sting-
ers to sovereign nations, such as Saudi
Arabia. The danger of this weapon
falling into terrorist hands is escalated
in the case of sending these weapons
to rebel groups.
Mr. President, supplying Stingers to
rebel groups furthermore runs counter
to another principal reason for our
self-imposed ban on sending U.S. made
weapons to support covert actions. We
have followed this policy in order to
maintain the right of denial so that
these conflicts do not escalate. We
should be thinking long and hard
about whether we want to change this
policy and whether the costs outweigh
the benefits. I think they do not.
Overall, I think sending Stingers to
rebel groups will result in compromis-
ing our long-term security interests. I
oppose this policy.
It is not just a question of a couple
of countries; it is a question of really
being sure we are thinking about long-
term policy. It seems to me the course
of direction is being turned and
changed without any thoughtful
debate.
0 1500
Mr. DECONCINI. Mr. President, I
thank the Senator from Kansas. Let
me say, I agree with her.
Let me say that I understand the
sensitivity of this issue. My colleagues
know all about this. I have availed
myself of briefings and confidential in-
formation; information which I cannot
go into.
But this is information that is not
classified. This lists all the require-
ments that we now require of our
North Atlantic allies as well as the
Saudi Arabians. It is public informa-
tion which has been in the New York
Times. We have a number of public ar-
ticles in the Washington Post, and one
In the New York Times of April 30, in-
dicating that the administration had
to fire Dr. Pillsbury for disclosing that
Stinger missiles were going to be
transferred to Angola and Afghani-
stan.
So I understand this concern that
my colleague has about sensitivity.
As to the reason it is on this legisla-
tion, let me first say it is not my inten-
tion to disturb and disrupt a fine piece
of legislation. If I had assurance that I
could have a vote on this in the next
few days, I would be more than happy
to take my chances here. As we know
in this body, you have to strike some-
times when the opportunity is ripe.
This is a germane subject and one that
I do not think can wait for the Depart-
ment's authorization legislation.
When my distinguished friend from
Indiana [Mr. Ltrciia] chairman of the
Foreign Relations Committee, raised
the issue of debating support of the
freedom fighters?I am more than
happy to debate it because I firmly
support them. I am for transferring
weapons to them, including Stinger
missiles if that is the decision, but
with these safeguards. So we would be
on the same side of any such debate
here.
? (Mrs. KASSEBAUM assumed the
chair.)
Mr. DECONCINI. What I am debat-
ing is whether or not we should ask
ATE S 5509
the President to certify to Congress
that the same safety and security are
provided for these transfers as they
are to those in Saudi Arabia. That
does not make this Senator opposed to
the freedom fighters. As a matter of
fact, I think it would be better if that
were the case.
In the U.S. News & World Report of
this week, there is a statement regard-
ing the Stinger aircraft missiles sup-
plied to the Afghan rebels by the CIA.
It says insiders have said that the
guerrillas missed 11 out of 12 Soviet
aircraft. Maybe they need more train-
ing and maybe they need better securi-
ty. I think we are begging for a prob-
lem if we do not put somebody in
charge to tell us that those safety re-
quirements have been met.
As to foreign policy concerns, this is
our foreign policy. When we trans-
ferred Stingers in the past and if we
transfer Stingers tomorrow to Saudi
Arabia, the conditions set out in this
amendment will have to be adhered to.
If we transfer them to NATO allies,
these same conditions are implement-
ed. Certainly in foreign policy, this
precaution and prudence is one policy
that I wholeheartedly agree with.
Here we are, talking about Congress'
Involvement in foreign policy, and I
think the Senator from Indiana agrees
that we do that all the time. He dis-
agrees with some of this and he is the
architect of much of it. I agree with
him in many areas where Congress
does assert itself. We are saying in this
amendment that if we are going to
transfer these missiles to these two
countries, we ought to have the same
security that we have for NATO and
Saudi Arabia.
Maybe there is something wrong
with this amendment, Madam Presi-
dent. Maybe it is just too much com-
monsense. Maybe that is not supposed
to be the order of the day here. But if
we can require a set of standards for
Saudi Arabia, which could easily have
guerrillas and PLO members?we
could think of all kinds of chilling sce-
narios, like guerrilla warfare in that
country. We can imagine all kinds of
scenarios of different combat and in-
trigue that could happen with those
allies and we require them to have cer-
tain security provisions. Why should
that not be the same policy when we
hand these missiles over to any other
freedom fighters?
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the list of cosponsors I send
to the desk be added to this amend-
ment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
The additional cosponsors referred
to are as follows: Mrs. KASSEBAUM, Mr.
CHAFER, Mr. ANDREWS, Mr. CRANSTON,
Mr. HART, Mr. RIEGLE, Mr. METZ-
ENBAUM, and Mr. KERRY.
OPPOSITION TO DECONCINI AMENDMENT
Mr. DOLE. Madam President, I rise
In opposition to the amendment of the
distinguished Senator from Arizona.
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eONGRESSKiFAL kicoRD May 7, 1986
We all share the Senator's goal: To
ensure that. any weapon of this type
we provide anywhere in the world?
whether to an established government
or to a democratic resistance group?
not fall into unauthorized hands, par-
ticularly into the hands of terrorists
or others who might intend us harm.
LEGISLATION NOT NEEDED
I disagree, though, that the way to
accomplish this goal is through legisla-
tion. This is essentially a management,
not a legislative, problem?a signifi-
cant one, to which we should give ap-
propriate attention?bat a manage-
ment problem, nonetheless.
I am prepared to join in seeking
from the administration assurances
that this kind of equipment?or, for
that matter, any kind of equipment?is
properly controlled. I am confident we
can work with the administration to
get those kinds of assurances and work
out appropriate controls. That is a
matter that, in mime cases, perhaps,
can be worked out in the Armed Serv-
ices or Intelligence Committee. But I
do not believe it is a matter that re-
quires, or is appropriate for, legisla-
tion.
SAFEGUARDS FOR GUNRRILLA WARS
I would also say that it may be nec-
essary to tailor the safeguards and
controls that are set up so that they
make sense in the real world of con-
temporary, guerrilla-style warfare.
The wars in Angola and Afghanistan
are not cormentional wars. It may be
that conventional, bureaucratic con-
trols will not turn out to be the best,
or most practical, -way to assure the
kind of safeguards we need. Guidelines
drawn up for peacetime situations,
within internationally observed bor-
ders, where massive numbers of for-
eign troops are not waging aggressive
warfare against indigenous freedom
fighters?those kinds of guidelines
may need to be adapted. Again, let's
try to work out those adaptations co-
operatively,, with the administration,
before we lay down wholly impractical,
inappropriate guidelines in law.
FRREDOM names munpAno mums OUR
Freedom fighters in Angola and Af-
ghanistan are being subjected to
fierce, relentless attacks by marxist re-
gimes, buttressed by tens of thousands
of Soviet and Cuban troops and bil-
lions of dollars in Soviet military hard-
ware. They are being bombed and
strafed by advanced jet fighters and
helicopters. They are dying at the
hands of Soviet bombs and rockets.
They have to be given the means to
defend themselves, to fight back.
We can find a way to do that with-
out, compromising the safeguards we
need to maintain on the material we
idee these freedom fighters: Let's get
ori With that important job, without
sacrificing the freedom fighters to
stand and die defenseless before their
enemies.
Mr. tlinnx. Madam President, I
share Senator DsConcun's deep con-
cern and , fear that Stinger missiles
may eventually end up in the hands of
terrorists and enemies of the United
States. I hope Senator DeConcini con-
tinues in his efforts, working toward
the goal of preventing Stingers from
being transferred- te areas and forces
vihhout guarantees that they will not
eVentually fall into the wrong hands.
The reason I shall vote to table this
amendment at this time Is that this
amendment could be misconstrued as
providing the President with a con-
gressional endorsement and mecha-
nism to send Stingers to Afghanistan
and Angola if certain conditions are
met.
I do not think Stingers should be in
any place where there is the potential
they may fall into hostile hands.
Further, I am concerned by the im-
plication in the amendment that U.S.
military forces would have to go to Af-
ghanistan and Angola to see that the
conditions were being met. Section
2(B) states that a U.S. military train-
ing mission shall conduct inspections
and inventory annually.
Mr. DODD. Mr. President,?I will vote
to table the DeConcini amendment
but I want to make clear that / do so
without passing judgment on the
merits of the issue. Like many of my
colleagues I need more time to study
this complicated issue. At this point I
tend to agree with the managers of
the bill that the Defense reorganiza-
tion bill is not the proper vehicle to
deal with this issue and, more impor-
tantly, that the relevant Senate com-
mittees ought to be given a chance to
pass judgment on this multifaceted
issue before it is voted on in the
Senate. Accordingly, while I vote to
table this aniendment, I reserve judg-
ment on its merits.
Mr. COHEN. Madam President, just
a couple of words. I think that the
Senator from Kansas, the occupant of
the Chair (Mrs. KASSZRAIIM3, raised a
valid point when she said this is a wa-
tershed decision. It appears to me that
both she and Senator DeConcini are
correct when they say we should pro-
ceed with great deliberation and
equate this with the sale of weapons
to Saudi Arabia.
If in fact this is watershed, and it
may be; if in fact, it is comparable to
the AWACS sale?and it may be, it
seems to me it should have the same
deliberate debate that occurred with
respect to the sale of AWACS.
It seems to me it should in fact be
referred not only to the Intelligence
Committee but also to the Foreign Re-
lations Committee to have a full-
fledged debate as to whether or not
tills country should adopt a policy of
transferring a, high-quality, high-level
technology to rebel forces or freedom
fighters in third-world countries.
The Senator from Arizona (Mr.
DECoNcntil raises a valid question. If
we Support- freedon2 fighters, the quest
tion is, "Do we arm them or do we give
them nonlethal aid?? It we decide we
are going to give them lethal aid, the
next question is, what kind of lethal
aid? If we are going to give them effec-
tive lethal aid, would that include the
ability to shoot down Hind helicopters
now being supplied ---the Soviets to
forces in Angola, Afghanistan, and
elsewhere? The Soviets have not hesi-
tated to supply Hind helicopters to
forces trying to suppress those who
advocate a democratic regime. So the
question becomes, if you are going to
have an effective counter to those hel-
icopters, what is it going to be?
Those are all very important ques-
tions, and they do deserve congression-
al deliberation, because Congress has a
role to play: not only the administra-
tion, not only the Commander-in-
Chief, not only those in the White
House. Congress has a role to play in
those kinds of decisions. ?
It seems to me this amendment is in-
appropriate. The senior Senator from
Arizona (Mr. GOLDWATM) has waited
as long as President Eisenhower
waited to effect the kind of reform
contained in this bM. It is 30 years
overdue, It seems to me it is entirely,
inappropriate to attach this amend-
ment on this bill at this time, to raise
this matter before the Senate.
I think the junior Senator from Ari-
zona /Mr. DitConcuul is entitled to
prompt action by the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee, to have a full debate
In that committee and on the floor,
but not to jeopardize or indeed to
impair the effort being made. It has
been an extraordinary effort made in
the Armed Services Committee under
the leadership of Senator GOLDWAVria,
To add this amendment to the bill
does not do justice to the senior Sena-
tor from Arizona and does not do jus-
tice to the quality of debate about
Stingers, their protection, restrictions.
and indeed, the role of Congress In ap-
proving the sale of weapons. I In MY
colleague from Indiana [Mr. Loewe),
and urge we save this debate for an-
other time that should not be too far
away in order to have a fun-fledged
debate on the merits of the kind of aid
we are going to supply to rebel or freo
dom-fighting forces in other lands.
(Mr. QUAYLE assumed the chair.)
Mr. DzCONCINI. Mr. President, let
me say to the Senator from' Maine
that this is not a debate and this
amendment has nothing to do with
shall we or shall we not transfer or
donate these weapons. This Senator
has not made a judgment on that.
Quite frankly, I am glad to leave that
to the Chief Executive and his advis-
ers. This amendment only says that if
there are tranefers, then the President
must certify that the same security is
made available. I think that is impor-
tant to the debate here.
As to whether or not it should be
here, as I said before. I hesitate bring-
ing it up on this bat for the many rea-
sons the Senator from Maine has ar-
ticulated. Senator Otaavossia, Sena-
tor Nrim, and the .members of the
committee have worked very diligently
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May 7, 1988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
for a long time on the bill. I acknowl-
edge that and I thank them sincerely
for producing this bill. But I do not
see how this amendment, if it should
pass, is going to kill this bill or hurt
this bill dramatically. To me, it does
not make a whole lot of sense that this
amendment is going to be a killer
amendment.
It is a simple amendment. It says if
we transfer them, then safety and se-
curity have to. be certified. That is all.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President,
this amendment has no place on this
bill. I say to my junior colleague that
the authorization bill of the Armed
Services Committee, we hope, will be
on the floor within a month. That is
the place to put it. I did not have this
bill come to the floor to have it pose as
a Christmas tree. I suggest we lay this
amendment on the table.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does
the Senator make the motion to table
the amendment?
Mr. GOLDWATER. I have made a
motion to table the amendment.
Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Arizona withhold that
motion?
Mr. GOLDWATER. The Senator
can go ahead.
0 1510
Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I know
the Senator from Arizona is very con-
cerned about this overall subject and I
would say that his concern is well
placed.
I think we do have some very tough,
sensitive decisions in this area. It is ob-
vious that, for instance, on a hypo-
thetical basis what the Soviet Union is
doing in Afghanistan is putting in
some of their most sophisticated
equipment and conducting air oper-
ations all over Afghanistan and they
are very successful in terms of their
devastating result. Hypothetically that
is happening in other places in the
world and so_ what the Senator from
Arizona is saying is that we have a
problem.
I would hope, though, the Senator
from Arizona would consider not
voting on this amendment. I do not
have any vote count, and I would like
very much to see this subject ,ad-
dressed in a serious way. I would think
that the tabling motion by the senior
Senator from Arizona would carry. I
hope the implication would not be
that the Senate of the United States is
not concerned about this because it
ought to be concerned. I hope, if that
is the outcome, and if there is a vote,
the Senator from Arizona would
pursue other avenues like getting in
touch with the Intelligence Committee
and Foreign Relations Committee and
the President himself and urging that
wherever these missiles are sent in the
world, hypothetically, in various loca-
tions?and I do not think we should
discuss ? any of this in detail here on
the floor?there be certain safeguards.
I would think the safeguards would
have to be different in one situation
than another. If you have a NATO-
type safeguard for missiles, you can
have fixed-place, concrete-type con-
tainers, you can have locations that
are well-known and designated. That
Is the way most of the NATO arsenals
are supplied and stored. Adversaries
know where they are. That is not
good, but I think that is the way the
situation has evolved over the years.
But in any kind of hypothetical guer-
rilla warfare anywhere in the world,
the safeguards that the junior Senator
from Arizona has proposed, in all sin-
cerity, would be like sending up red
flares and saying "Here we are," to the
Soviets, "come and get us." So the
very safeguards that are in this legisla-
tion by their very nature, although
perhaps applicable to NATO, even
Saudi Arabia, are not applicable in any
kind of hypothetical guerrilla warfare,
certainly involving an adversary like
the Soviet Union. I have chosen my
words carefully here.
Mr. DECONCINI. Will the Senator
yield?
Mr. NUNN. I will be glad to yield in
one moment. I would support the ta-
bling motion at this time, but before
the senior Senator from Arizona pur-
sues that motion, I would ask again
for the junior Senator to consider the
ramifications of having this tabled, if
It is tabled, when the message he is
trying to. send may very well be a mes-
sage that many, many of the col-
leagues who would vote to table would
also like.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Parliamentary
Inquiry.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator will state his parliamentary
inquiry.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Is debate al-
lowed after a motion to table?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator withheld his motion.
Mr. GOLDWATER. I did not with-
hold it. I moved to table it.
Mr. DECONCINI. Will the Senator
withhold?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator has a right to table.
Mr. GOLDWATER. I move to table
It.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Debate
Is not in order.
Mr. GOLDWATER. That is what I
thought.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
vote is on the motion to table. All
those in favor say aye.
Mr. DECONCINI. Mr. President, I
ask for the yeas and nays.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is
there a sufficient second? There is a
sufficient second.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the motion
to table.
The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk called the roll.
Mr. SIMPSON. I announce that the
Senator from Florida [Mrs. HAWKINS],
the Senator from New Hampshire
[Mr. HUMPHREY], and the Senator
S 5511
from Oregon [Mr. PACKWOOD] are nec-
essarily absent.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are
there any other Senators in the Cham-
ber who desire to vote?
The result was announced?yeas 63,
nays 34, as follows:
fRollcall Vote No. 92 Leg.]
Abdnor
Andrews
Armstrong
Bentsen
Bingaman
Boren
Bumpers
Byrd
Chiles
Cochran
Cohen
D'Amato
Denton
Dixon
Dodd
Dole
Domenici
Durenberger
East
Evans
Exon
YEAS-63
Gam
Glenn
Goldwater
Gorton
Gramm
Grassley
Hatch
Hatfield
Hecht
Heflin
Heinz
Helms.
Kasten
Laxalt
Levin
Long
Lugar
Mattingly
McClure
McConnell
Mitchell
Moynihan
Murkowski
Nickles
Nunn
Pressler
Quayle
Rockefeller
Roth
Rudman
Simpson
Stafford
Stennis
Stevens
Symms
Thurmond
Trible
Wallop
Warner
Weicker
Wilson
Zoririsky
NAYS-34
Baucus Harkin Melcher
Biden Hart Metzenbaum
Boschwitz Hollings Pell
Bradley Inouye Proxmire
Burdick Johnston Pryor
Chafee Kassebaum Riegle
Cranston Kennedy Sarbanes
Danforth Kerry Sasser
DeConcini Lautenberg Simon
Eagleton Leahy Specter
Ford Mathias
Gore Matsunaga
NOT VOTING-3
Hawkins Humphrey Packwood
So the motion to table the amend-
ment (No. 1833) was agreed to.
0 1540
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I
move to reconsider the vote by which
the amendment was agreed to.
Mr. WARNER. I move to lay that
motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
re to.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that Senator
BrDEN be added as a cosponsor of S.
2295.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
*Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, I
yield to the Senator from Virginia.
Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I
thank the distinguished chairman.
AMENDMENT NO. 1834
(Purpose: To modify the provisions relating
to the succession to duties of the Secretar-
ies of the military departments make cer-
tain technical change)
Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, earli-
er today I put forth two amendments
and then withdrew them. Since that
time, the managers of the bill and
others have had an opportunity to
look over the objectives of these two
amendments and I think we have now
reached a consensus.
At this time, I send to the desk an
amendment and ask for its immediate
consideration.
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CONGRE.SSMAL RECORD.? SENATE May 7, 1986
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will report.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
The Senatcir from Virginia (Mr. WARNER)
proposes an amendment ntunbered 1834.
Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that further read-
ing of the amendment. be dispensed
with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
The amendment reads as follows:
On page 44, between lines 16 and 17,
insert the fell.wing:
"(11) The construction, cutfitting, and
repair of military equipment.".
On page 44, line 17, strike out "(11)" and
inserting in lieu thereof "(12)".
On page 44, line 21, strike out "(10)" and
insert in lieu thereof "(11)".
On page 41X. after line 25, insert the fol-
lowing:
(A) in subsection (a), by striking out
clause (2Y and inserting in lieu thereof the
following
"(2) The Assistant, Secretaries of the
Army in the order preeeribed by the Secre-
tary of the Army and approved by the Sec-
retary of Defense.".
On page 49, line 1, strike out "(A)" and
Insert ihNett thereof "(a".
On page 49.. line 3, strike out "(B)" and
insert in lieu thereof "(C)".
On page 61, betwees lines 8 and 9; insert
the following
"(11) The construction, eutfitting, and
repair of military equipment.".
On page 6/, line st strike out "(D.)" and
insert in Neu thereof "(12)".
On page 61, line 13, strike out "(10)" and
insert in lieu thereof "(11)".
On page 88, strike out, line 6 and insert in
lieu thereof the following "the order pre-
scribed by the Secretary of the Navy and
approved by the Secretary of Defense.". '
On page 118, after line 25; insert the fol-
lowing: ?
"(11) The construction, outfitting, and
repine of militaryamemstent.".
On page 89, line k strike out "(II)" and
insert in ffeu thereof "(12)"..
On page 89, line 5, strike out "(10)" and
insert in New thereof "( 11
On page 93, between. lines 3 and 4, insert
the following
(A) in subsection (a), by striking...TA.
clause (2) and inserting in Neu thereof the
following:
"(2) The Assistant Secretaries of the Air
Force in the order-prescribed by the Secre-
tary of the Air Force and approved by the
Secretary of Defense.".
On page 96, line 4, stidke out "(JO" and
insert in lieu thereof "um.
On page 53, line it strike out "(B)" and
insert in lieu. thereof "(CY'.
uals with direct supervision over this
equiPment.
I think it clarifies what I perceive to
be an omission in the present draft of
the bilk
The second portion of this amend-
ment addresses the subject of the se-
niority of the Assistant Secretaries of
the military services. This amendment
provides unformity for all three de-
partments and the order of seniority
will be established by the service Sec-
retary, subjedt to approval of the Sec-
retary of Defense.
Mr. President, I. note on the floor my
distinguished colleague from Rhode
Island, with, whom I had the privilege
of serving in the Department of De-
fense for 3 years.. He is quite familiar
with thee* issues and I yield to him for
the purpose of asking a question
? Mr. CHAPEL Mr. President, as I un-
derstand the second part of this
amendment, it is that. within the de-
partment, the service Secretary, in
consultation with the Secretary of De-
fense, can determine the ,seniority of
the Assistant Secretaries who work
a/1th him; is that correct?
Mr. WARNER. That it correct.
Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I think
that makes a good deal of sense. I
think that when you have got some-
body in charge within the department,
namily. the service Secretary, I think
we shohld leave it to that service Seo
retary to determine that seniority.
You could easily have the situation
where he would come in and have in
place service Secretaries who had been
appointed previous to his coming to
the job, and the seniority that they
might have amongst themselves might
not be the seniority that that service
Secretary would want. I think he
should be given that privilege.
The alternative, of course, the
normal situation, is he can just dismiss
them, any one of them. He may not
want to do that, but still may want to
readjust the seniority that they have.
, If there is a feeling that that gives
him too much power, I notice you
have a provision that it is in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Defense.
That seems to me to be a very fair pro-
posal. I hope that will be acceptable to
the managers of the bill.
Mr. WARNER. I thank my distin-
guished colleague.
Mr. CHAFES. I would like to briefly
speak on the other item, but perhaps
we could finish the first one.
Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, on
this part of the amendment, I thank
my distinguished colleague from
Rhode Island, because very often
when a new administration comes in it
Is highly desirable to retain one or.
more Presidential appointees from a
previous administration because of
their expertise and experience. And if
the service secretary, with the approv-
al of the Secretary of Defense, does
not have the authority to establish
the order of seniority, that. could be a
deterrent, indeed, to retaining certain
Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I elk
unanimous consent that the distin-
guished Senator from Texas, Mr.
GRAMM. be added as a cosponsor.
The PRESIDING OS'FICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, the
purpose of this amendment?and it is
in two parts?the first gives to each of
the three service Secretaries, Army,
Navy, and Air Force, clear statutory
authority to perform, and I quote.
from the amendment "the construc-
tion outfitting, and repair of military
equipment." Of course,that is military
equipment that falls under their juris-
diction. That provides these individ-
I see the distinguished chairman on
his feet
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President,
we have no objection to this amend-
ment. We have worked it over very
carefully with the Senates' from Vir-
ginia. I think we can accept it and I
ask our friend from Georgia if that is
correct.
Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I am in
favor of the amendment. I looked it
over carefully. I talked with the Sena-
tor from Virginia about it. The Sena-
tor from Rhode Island is a former Sec-
retary of the Navy and has great ex-
pertise in this area. I think he made a
very valid point. It is a good amend-
ment. And the Wonderful thing about
it it it also applies to the Air fierce and
the Army.
Mr. WARNER. Mr. Prsident, the
uniformity among the three branches
of service is one of several ccmtribu-
tione suggested by the distinguished
Senator from Georgia. I only regret I
did not have the foresight to see that
need earlier.
Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, the Sena-
tor from Virginia is getting ecumenical
these days and I appreciate that.
Mr. WARNER. The Senator from
Virginia will not be heard from fur-
ther on this amendment.
Mr. CHAPEL Mr. President, I just
want to say on the first part of the
amendment, which they are prepared
to accept, I think that is an excellent
provision, too. I did not address that
specifically, but. I think that it very
wise. I appreciate the manager and the
minority member accepting
The PRESIDING OFFICES. Is
there further debate on the amend-
ment?
Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, of
course, I will yield to the chairman,
but if I could say another word about
this amendment before we act on it.
This*, &amendment now, based on our
discussions and prior colloquy, would
give a service department head?that
is, the service secretary?the opportu-
nity to move those military units that
have to be moved in connection with
performing any of the specific services
enumerated in here. I think that is im
Portant to establish in the Jegisiative
history. And that is, he can move it for
purposes of construction and outfit-
ting and repair, be it an airpbtne or a
tank or a ship? That is clearly the in-
tention of the drafter of the amend-
ment and, as I understand it, the man-
agers in accepting it concur hr that.
Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President,
we aril/ accept this amendment.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is
there further debate?
Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, just a
brief comment. I am in favor of this
amendment. I urge our colleagues to
accept it. It would be my posttion that
that language is an amplitieatkm of
the language already in, which in-
cludes servicing, admirdatering, and
maintaining, but it is a further clarifi-
cation.
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May 5, .1986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE S 5265
thorities still have not brought his murder-
ers to the bar of justice.
0 1300
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
MATTINGLY). The Senator from South
Carolina is recognized.
CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR
' DISASTER
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President,
last fall it was my privilege to be a
member of a bipartisan Senate delega-
tion which traveled to the Soviet
Union to seek better relations between
our nations. On September 3, 1985, we
met with General Secretary Gorba-
chev and discussed a variety of issues,
Including human rights and arms con-
trol. I believe it is fair to say that
every member of that delegation, in-
cluding this Senator, was impressed
with General Secretary Gorbachev's
personality and ability. He appeared
to be more open to constructive dialog
than any of his recent predecessors. In
fact, last January, I told former Soviet
Ambassador Dobrynin, during the
course of a meeting in my office, that
we presently had the opportunity and
the leadership capability to substan-
tially reduce the tensions which exist
between our nations.
Unfortunately, recent events sur-
rounding the Soviet nuclear disaster
strongly indicate that expectations for
increased candor by the Soviet leader-
ship may be baseless. It would seem
that fundamental civility would re-
quire the Soviet Government to advise
the millions of individuals who may be
affected by the Chernobyl meltdown
of the extent of this tragedy and its
health consequences. Nevertheless, it
appears unrealistic to expect such full
disclosure from a government which is
concerned with the interest of the
State, and not the individual.
This disregard for the rights of indi-
viduals to express views in opposition
to the government is the reason Dr.
Andrei Sakharov languishes under
house arrest in Gorky.
Today, I announce my cosponsorship
of Senate Joint Resolution 326, which
would proclaim May 21, 1986, as
Andrei Sakharov Honor and Freedom
Day. It is appropriate to designate a
day to honor this Nobel Peace Prize
winner. His only crime is the advocacy
of human rights, and particularly the
right of Soviet Jews to emigrate from
the Soviet Union.
Mr. President, I am also pleased t
announce my cosponsorship of legisla
tion which hopefully will substantially
reduce revenues received by the Marx-
ist Angolan Government. Senate Reso-
lution 381, sponsored by my friend,
Senator DECoNcim, requests that the
President use his authority under the
International Emergency Powers Act
to block United States business trans-
actions which conflict with our nation-
al security interests in Angola. Jonas
Savimbi and his UNITA freedom
fighters are sacrificing their lives to
fight communism by Angola. The
Marxist Angolan regime, known as the
MPLA, is supported by more than
35,000 Cuban troops and Soviet advis-
ers. Oil revenues from the Gulf-Chev-
ron Co. provide nearly 76 percent of
the foreign exchange of the MPLA
Government. When these funds are
used to clothe, feed, and arm Commu-
nist troops, I believe the President
should use his broad powers and take
appropriate action.
The lessons of history are often re-
peated. The Soviet Government has
confirmed its disregard for human
rights by virtue of its response to the
Chernobyl nuclear disaster. The Com-
munist goal of world domination con-
tinues. It is clearly illustrated by
Soviet involvement in Afghanistan,
Nicaragua, and Angola. Accordingly,
we must strongly demonstrate our na-
tional support for freedom fighters
like Dr. Andrei Sakharov and Jonas
Savimbi.
RESOLUTION COMMENDING
ROGER CLEMENS OF THE
BOSTON RED SOX
(In the RECORD of May 1, 1986, at
page S5231, the RECORD inadvertently
fails to reflect that the resolution
commending Roger Clemens of the
Boston Red Sox was agreed to. In the
permanent RECORD the action of the
Senate relating to the resolution Will
be printed as follows:)
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will report the resolution.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
A Senate resolution (S. Res. 393) com-
mending Roger Clemens of the Boston Red
Sox for his record-breaking performance.
The Senate proceeded to consider
the resolution.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I
move the resolution.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the resolu-
tion.
The resolution was agreed to.
The preamble was agreed to.
Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I
move to reconsider the vote by which
the resolution was agreed to.
Mr. DOMENICI. I move to lay that
motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
STINGERS AND TERRORISM
Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, last
week I joined as a cosponsor of Sena-
tor DECoNcturs legislation, S. 2286, re-
garding the sale of Stinger missiles to
rebels in Afghanistan and Angola.
This important legislation would re-
quire the same security measures for
Stingers we send to Afghan and Ango-
lan resistance forces as for the Sting-
ers we have sold or transferred in the
past to other countries.
The extremely accurate and danger-
ous Stinger is a terrorist's dream. It is
fired from the shoulder and can de-
stroy an airplane from several miles
away. A terrorist who got his hands on
a Stinger would not have to worry
about sneaking bombs or machine
guns on airplanes. With this in mind,
until recently the United States has
always required that any country re-
ceiving Stingers provide strong securi-
ty for them. Requirements have in-
cluded separate storage of the missile
and launcher sections, fenced-in stor-
age areas, around-the-clock guards,
and protection of information about
how the weapons are operated. These
measures are the main reason that
Stingers have not been available to
terrorists.
Now, with the recent delivery of
Stingers to rebel forces in Angola and
Afghanistan, we face a new threat
that terrorists will acquire these weap-
ons. A significant number of U.S.
weapons bound for these rebels never
reach their destination, and are divert-
ed to the black market, where terror-
ists can acquire them.
Since we are not demanding that the
rebels meet the security requirements
we have always set for Stingers, we are
opening the door for terrorists inter-
ested in shopping for Stingers. Our
legislation says simply that Stingers
sent to Angola and Afghanistan must
be protected in the same way as the
Stingers we have sent to other coun-
tries, such as Pakistan, Japan and
Saudi Arabia.
Mr. President, S. 2286 is an act de-
signed to protect Americans and other
potential targets of terrorism from a
new, highly lethal weapon. Last week
Senator DECoNciNi, whom I commend
again for his hard work on this issue,
pointed out in the New York Times
that without strict safeguards, the
Stingers we manufacture and send to
Angola and Afghanistan could easily
be used to kill Americans. I ask unani-
mous consent that Senator DECoN-
cm's article be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
Mom the New York Times, Apr. 30, 1986]
SELL MISSILES TO KILL AMERICANS?
(By Dennis DeConcini)
WASHINGTON.?Picture an American jetlin-
er filled with summer travelers as it takes
off from a European city. Perched on a hill-
top more than three miles away is a terror-
ist aiming a shoulder-held Stinger antiair-
craft missile at the jet. Within seconds, the
airliner with its hundreds of passengers dis-
appears in a bright orange inferno.
The scenario is hypothetical, but it is in-
creasingly possible as the United States sup-
plies Stinger missiles to resistance forces
around the world. As a safeguard, strong
support should be given to legislation before
the Senate that would require the President
to insist on the same strict control over the
missiles in rebel hands as we do for those we
sell to our allies.
It is quite possible, given the loose struc-
ture of rebels' operations, that they could
not satisfy the conditions, and in such cases
the missiles should not be provided. We
cannot afford to let these particular mis-
siles, the ultimate terrorist weapon, slip into
the wrong hands.
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CONGRESS( &WORD --sarturrE May 5, 1.986
The Arnericanuade Stinger arbsde is the
most sophisticated of its kind in the world.
The portable surface-'to-air missile weights
less than 35 pounds. It has a range of five
miles, caereadtratheight of 4400 -feet and is
equipped, w3th sensittve 'infrared guidance
system that permits firing at a target from
any angle. The Away acknowledges that the
Stinger could easily down a civilian or mili-
tary aircraft.
The 'United States Government has set
strict guidelines for transportation and stor-
age of Stinger missiles. When we agreed to
sell this ;maven to our friendly allies, such
as Saadi alcarita and members of the North
Atlantic Treaty Or ganicatioa, stringent
ardesuards were Teguired as conditions of
the sale. These safeguards included storage
in steel vaults, .24-hour armed security and
keeping the launcher and missile locked up
separetely. We 'also stipulated the right to
conduce an inventory and inspection at any
time.
Belt the /beam Administration has re-
Gently begai ooveally =potting rebels in
Angona and Afghanistan with Stinger mis-
siles without the same safety requirements.
I do not believe we need to provide our most
sophisticated weapons to the forces in
Angola and Afghanistan for them to be soc-
a:WS& We can show our support for the
rebel groom and posed& for their defense
needs valtb weapons less lethal, mobile or
destabilisinstisimthe Stinger.
'ham mum armors that the Stinger
might Tsai into the hands of Col. Mummer
el-Qaddan, the Tide:Stine Liberation Organi-
zation, Iran or 'even the 'Russians or Cubans,
Whomalatain hergentrrabers of -advisers and
Wasps In iimgola and Afghanistan. A jour-
nalist who has covered the Afghan war de-
seabed eae rebel group there as being fol-
lowers etthe Aystollait Rubella/1 Kho-
meini: ,postens of the Ayatoliah adorn the
walls of their village.
The State Department 'has described some
of the Maoris 'of Unita, The Angolan rebel
force 'lee by Jonas enviaribi, as bordering on
terrorialtaathlity. Per example, ;Unita claims
to have Mot alearnat feast three . An-
goinuaisciait.
The recent terrariethorabings of the West
Berlin discotheque and the T.W.A. jetliner
are evidence of an Increased threat to
American target. 'Cannti Qaddan says be
will expert terrottem and "pursue 'Ihdted
States citizens in their oountry and streets."
The P.L.O. faction leader Abu Nidal has
also said that "America is our target." The
United States must protect itself by being
careful not to arm Its enemies. President
Reagan can 'help to insure the safety of
Americans at home and abroad ter enforcing
strict safeguards on the sale and use of
Stinger missiles.
RHODE ISLANDERS CELEBRATE
350 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
Mr. PELL. hIr. President, Rhode Is-
landers are celebrating 350 years of in-
dependence. We have always jealously
guarded our independence, including
our rights to think and say what we
choose, live as we choose and worship
as we choose.
Roger Williams was banished from
the Massaohusetts Ray Colony and es-
tablished the settlement he named
Provklence 350 years ago. Thirteen
householders in *he population of 32
in the that year funned the first genu-
ine derftooracy?atao the first church-
divorced and conscience-free conummi-
ty?in modern hiStory.
Rhode Islanders have always treas-
ured independence. We are the small-
est State with the largest mune: "The
State of Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations." We were the first of the
colonies to declare independence on
May 4. 1776.
That spirit of independence prevails
today. Rhode Islanders only need to
look at the top of our State House to
see a statue?named the "Independent
Man"?that watches over us as a re-
minder of our heritage and our com-
mitment to welcome different people,
fresh ideas and new concepts.
Sunday was Rhode Island Independ-
ence :Dap and Rhode Islanders kicked
off a continuing series 'of events to cel-
ebrate. I ask unanimous consent that
an article about those celebrations
from the Providence Journal of _May 5,
1986, be pointed in the RECORD.
There being nuobjection, the article
was videeed to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
R.I. THROWS A RIG BASH TO CELEBRATE ITS
FOURTH
fBy Donald D. Breed)
PROVIDENCE.?Thousands of Rhode Wend-
ers made the State House lawn their play-
'pound yesterday, as the illOth anniversary
af Rhode island independence Day heonne
the first big event of the state's 150th birth-
day ,celebration.
The 'bright blues and 'reds of militia ,uni-
tonna stood out against the fresh green
grass and the White stone of the State
Rome in the late afternoon. Eight Rhode
Island militia? units marched, piped tones
and creaked Off muskets and central. Six of
the units date from the days of the Hereto-
tkurary War.
'Fireworks calmed the day's festivities, as
Rhode Mande Fourth once again got a two-
month lamp on the Test of the nation. The
display was by the-Chncci family, which had
put on the New Year's Eve fireworks thew
that ushered in 1986, the 350th anniversary
of the lounding of Rhode Island.
Unlike that opening .fireworks show, yes-
terday's was geared for families with small
children; it concluded at about 9:15 p.m.
The Statelfouse steps were packed with on-
lookers, and the slopes of the lawn became
an amphitheater for people who gaped at
the bright colors sizzling overhead.
Despite the evening chill, exacerbated by
the wind, many people lay flat on the grass
to watch. A few ?farsighted people had
brought chairs or blankets.
Those who would turn their back for an
Instant could see the multicolored glare of
the fireworks reflecting 'off the Capital's
dome, the grass and the spectators them-
selves.
Although there were some groans when
the fiteworOor were delayed about 20 min-
utes, it AIR was finished by bedtime for
many ef thechildren in the audience.
'Earner. a 2ot Of -those children had been
romping around, doing wheelies on bicycles,
hanging from tree limbs and rcriling .down
the hills. This last exercise they tackled
cheerfully even though red marks on their
hands showed they had been through the
Trinity Repertory Company's ice cream
social that offered people all they could eat
in desserts from 25 restaurants and food
suppliers.
And both adults and children got into the
ant when the lawn irros -wrapped -with what
the RIM ,Cerandttee vonfidently expects
will be a wortdoecord birthday card. The
card. which ds Ada being added to, is made
up of small .fabric billboards that -an esti-
mated 200,000 people 'have signed. lit wound
from Smith Street around the lawn and up
the main walkway of the esplanade to the
top-of bile;State Mouse steps.
Chief of Capital Police James H. Dodd es-
timated that 8,000 0?10,000 people had been
at the State House as of 6 last night?and
that was before the main events had start-
ed. Dodd said that, up to then at least, there
had been "no problems at all." There was no
evidence of alcoholic beverages (which were
not permitted), and Dodd said guards had
not bound it necessary to warn Anyone on
that score.
Another index of ,attendance came from
Trinity spokeswoman Eihnone Jeyaux. She
guessed that .around 1,260 people had paid
$5 apiece ,for adults. and $3 for children to
enter the dessert tent, dubbed "Carbohy-
drate City" 'by a ticket-sener. (Joyaux said
she wouldn't count the stubs and know the
exact figureuntll today.)
The celebration was also marked by what
may have hem the shortest speech ever by
a 'Rhode Salami governor, Gosiernor DiPrete,
wise knew that people were mating for the
fireworks, scrapped most of a prerwred
speech. He greeted the- crowd, briefly
thanked the spoisors, naming only WLKW
radio, and remarked he'd been brushing up
on 'his "civics" and had confirmed that
'116hode Ishond really was two months ahead
of the otiaer colonies" in renouncing alle-
giance to Britain.
"Rhode /stead= even then were brave
and looking to the future," DiPrete said.
Re came to the podium fresh from the
new domed theater to the west of the State
House. where he watched the multimedia
show that promotes the state as an innova-
tor in induStry and other fields, both In the
pest and present'.
' The theater opened at 8 pm., about three
hours tater lams tutpeoted. Items explained
that mail Mack material dor portions of the
wall arrives from the manufacturer in Scot-
land, toe much light will enter the dome for
daylightnerformarices.
But it wasthemilitiaunits, more than the
mUltimetlia show or the fireworks, that best
linked .Rhotie island's present with its past.
Col. John Isterth of the Newport Artillery
said that silitede Island militia have fought
In every American war from the French and
Indian War, before the Revolution, to Viet-
nam.
Col, Elmer 'Palmer of the Kentish Guards
narrated a presentation of flags of the Rev-
olutionary War, using it as an occasion to
list the major battles and, of course, the
outcome. ?
Units that marched were Newport Artil-
lery, founded 1741; Kentish Guards, Paw-
turret Rangers and Giecester Light 'infan-
try, all foatadeti In 1774; Bristol Train 'of Ar-
tillery, Minded 1776; ,Pederal Slues of
-
Warren, founded in OM; Vaanum-Contirren-
fats of East 'Greenwich, founded hi 1908;
and the Second Rhode Island Regiment, an
early federal unit.
Lod Griffith of Cranston, there with her
children, said she "feels a little better
about" Rhode Island after seeing the mili-
tia. , --
After the militia, the Picadors and Mata-
dors marehing bands gave -conoerts. Al-
though the confined space did not allow
there to march, the music stirred one child,
about 4 orL5 years-old, to break-dance.
It was a long day for Adm. He showed up
for the firet event of the day, the Lap of'
America Road Rally, for which Providence
was the eastern cheCkpoint. When the last
car rolled through, 106 vontertants were
still lathe running.
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