FIRST MEETING OF VICE PRESIDENT'S TASK FORCE ON TERRORISM 25 JULY 1985

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP87B00342R001102580003-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 32
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 13, 2012
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: July 24, 1985
• Content Type: MEMO

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'L4 July 1985
NOTE FOR: DCI
DDCI
SUBJECT: First .Meeting of Vice President's Task Force on Terrorism
25 July 1985
at 1615 Thursday, 25 July, in the Roosevelt Room. Attached, you will
find the following background information:
TAB A A coordinated (DI, D0, and NIO/CT) paper on the issues
that may come up as well as a recommended DCI position.
1. You both are scheduled to attend this meeting which will be held
Operating Group.
~~:~
Your memo"soliciting comments on Admiral Holloway's ~~
proposed staffing for the government-wide Task Force.~b 1~ ~
I ncl uded here i s C1 ai r' s response which proposes ,~~,,, v~~ w,4ks~
assignin as the CIA re resentative on the .~ 25X1
Senior Review roup, a d to the Staff ~~ 25X1
TAB C NSDD 179: This 20 July 1985 directive established the
Vice President's Task Force.
TAB D NSDD 30: This 16 September 1983 directive was the
initial Administration effort to manage terrorist
incidents.
TAB E NSDD 138: This 5 April 1984 directive established the
existing interagency organization to deal with terrorism.
TAB F NSDD 18U: This 22 July 1985 directive deals with the
Civil Aviation Antiterrorism Program.
2. A pre-brief has been schedu r 300 Thursday in the
conference room. Charlie Allen and will represent NIO/CT
(Charlie Allen w' hedule a meeting with
Senator Chiles (if he has returned from
a TDY will represent the DDO; Dick Kerr will represent the
DDI. ~s meeting those present will be able to advise you further on
some of the machinations that have gone on/and continue to do so as well
as how the Agency and Community is organized to deal with terrorism now.
25X1
25X1
~ox~i
cc: DDI
ODO
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VICE PRESIDENT'S TASfC FORCE ON TERRORISM
25 JULY 1985 MEETING
There are several issues that will undoubtedly be raised at the
first meeting of the Task Force. Investigation and review of these
issues will probably constitute the working program for whatever
action element/s of the Task Force are constituted to prepare
recommendations for the President. The issues likely to arise, and
the recommended DCI position (coordinated with the DDO, the DDI and
the NIO/CT) are as follows:
Issue: Is the U.S. Government's counterterrorism effort
effectively coordinated, funded and managed?
Recommended-DCI Position: The USG counterterrorism
effort is effectively coordinated via the mechanisms
of NSDD 30 and 138. If the funding requested in the
NSDD 138 Initiatives Paper had been provided, more
progress could have been made. There is a strong
community agreement that focused leadership in
counterterrorism intelligence matters is a good idea,
and recent efforts by the NIO/CT to provide that focus
through an invigorated IICT have been welcomed by the
community.
Issue: Is there a need for a national manager or "terrorism
tsar" to manage the US effort and task its
components? Should there be a standing body for
countering terrorism and managing terrorist incidents,
or are present (NSDD 30 and 138) procedures adequate?
(We detect considerable interest in this option, both
in the VP's staff and the NSC staff, with references
to a NNBIS-like permanent structure)
Recommended DCI Position:. Analogous to our position
on the recurrent suggestion that a "counter
intelligence tsar" be appointed, we feel that the
present interagency coordination structure adequately
provides for dealing with terrorism. The statutory
responsibilities of the major components of the US
counterterrorism effort are so disparate
(intelligence, law enforcement, military action) that
a "tsar", with line management and tasking authority,
would not be practical. Under NSDD 30 and 138, there
are ad hoc bodies (the TIWG, the SSG) which can and do
provide coordination and guidance in a crisis.
Issue: Are the government's policies and procedures on
countering terrorism clear to the American people (and
their representatives in Congress), and do they enjoy
support, or is there need for a public diplomacy
effort?
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Recommended DCI Position: We believe that a sober and
objective explanation of the complexities of dealing
with terrorism, a discussion of the limitations on the
use of force, and a strong statement of the moral and
legal basis for U.S. policy on terrorism, if presented
by the President or Vice President, would be a very
effective method for securing the approval of a vast
majority of the American people.
Issue: Does more need to be done, through diplomacy or
intelligence liaison, to insure that our allies
provide full and coordinated cooperation?
Recommended DCI Position :? There is a need for 25X1
constant diplomatic and intelligence liaison pressure
on our allies (and on those states who while not
allies may be willin to coo erate in their own
interest, to assure a freer flow 25X6
of inform ence, widespread adherence
to international conventions, and common condemnation
of terrorism in all forms. CIA is aggressivel
ex andin its overseas liaison efforts 25X1
and we wi 1 continue to
o t is in close coordination with State. 25X1
Issue: Is there need for additional or changed legislation to
make U.S. counterterrorism programs more effective, 25X1
and to swiftly apprehend and punish terrorists,
wherever they may operate?
Recommended DCI Position:. It may be that additional
legislation is required, and the Task Force could
usefully review this issue. Some laws (eg. FISA) were
drafted and passed in a climate conducive to
restrictions on law enforcement and intelligence
gathering activities. The urgency of the terrorist
threat, and a changed political climate suggest that
it may be time for new or changed laws.
Issue: Is there a need for a national "fusion center" for
counterterrorism?
Recommended DCI Position.: There is no evident support
for a co-located "fusion center" which, we believe,
would duplicate existing efforts. A "wired" fusion
center-type network is probably more acceptable;
matters are developing in that direction anyway
Any proposal for a center which 25X1
would meld foreign intelligence and domestic law
enforcement information should be examined very
closely before app
SECRE~ 25X1
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Issue: Are national intelligence collection and dissemination
procedures sufficient to support tactical military
counterterrorist operations, or should the military
have its own collection assets?
Recommended DCI Position: Whether or not the military
needs its own specialized collection assets for
tactical support, it is imperative that all
intelligence collection efforts be coordinated with
national programs, and that the DCI as the President's
senior intelligence officer retain the authority to
task all assets. The uestion of the utilit and
deployment ?5X1
requi a coor ina ion wi in e 25X1
epar ment of Defense before it is proffered as a
usable asset, strategic or tactical.
?- the DDO, DDI and NIO/CT are working together
on a plan which will implement the approp-
riate SOPs. As regards tasking of SIGINT
and Imagery, we believe that this is
best handled by the DDI, in support of your
NSPG responsibilities as well as the Agency
role in supporting operations and military
requirements.
Many of these issues have been exhaustively addressed in the
past year or so, particularly in studies by the Intelligence
Community Staff. Consistent with access approvals, these studies
can and should b,e made available to the Task Force to speed their
review and to help them avoid duplicative efforts.
SECRET/
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24 July 1985
MEMORANDUM FOR: Director of Central Intelligence
FROM: Clair E. George
Deputy Director for Operations
SUBJECT: Vice President's Task Force on Terrorism
1. I recommend) Ito be the CIA representative on the .
Senior Review Grou of the Vice President's task force on terrorism.
For the past year,~has represented this Directorate at all senior
meetings here in Washington concerning terrorism and has travelled
extensively abroad meeting with foreign liaison services to discuss this
critical subject. I would hope that after six months or so he could be
replaced on the Senior Review Group by
gets t e neces-
presently Deputy
Chief to the Staff Operating Group of the
Vice President's task force on terrorism. 0 has been involved with
our counterterrorism activities for the past two years and has travelled
extensively, both in consultations on terrorism abroad and on live prob-
lems. I think would be an excellent re resentative of the
Agency on this p r f.
Clair E. George
cc: DDCI
DDI
Distribution
Ori - DCI
- DDCI
- DDI
1 - ADDO; SA/ODDO
1 - DDO Chrono
1 - DDO Reg
1 - ExecReg
Orig: DDO/CEGeorge:mjg
2. I am re ared to detail
lhowe
verb
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25X1
L~X1
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_ ~U~~( l uC1Y 1 l HL
MEMORANDUM FOR: Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
Deputy Director for Intelligence
Deputy Director for Operations
FROM: Director of Central Intelligence
SUBJECT: Vice President's Task Force on Terrorism
What are your recommendations on the attached?
Attachment:
Memo to DCI from EA/DCI
dtd 22 July 85 re
above subject
Executive Rc~!~i:,try
----~._.
~- 2198/ 1 ~' ~f
1
William J. Casey
CONFIDENTIAL.
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~. ~unrtut
Executive Registry
22 July 1985
MEMORANDUM FOR: DCI
FROM: EA/DCI
1, .Admiral Holloway, who is chairing the Vice President's Task Force on
Terrorism, called and when you were not available asked for me, He is looking
for people for his task force:
- Senior Review Group: Wants one CIA body at the Assistant
Secretary of State level, This SRG will meet on call only, not permanently
detailed.
- Staff Operating Group: This is to be composed of 6-10 detailees
from government, at the Major to Colonel level, who will be detailed to SOG
for six months full-time, probably working. in one of the townhouses on
Lafayette Square, He said he thought 4 of the 6-10 would come from Defense,
already has someone from the Coast Guard, The person doesn't have to be
knowledgeable about terrorism, but must be smart, able to communicate and
write well, able to operate under pressure. He wants one person from CIA,
2. Holloway said he was not twisting anyone's arm, but that by having
representation on these two groups Agency interests. would be protected.
A moment later he said he was resorting to "press gang" tactics, and tried to
get a commitment from me for the two CIA people, to which I said only you could
make that decision. I said we would get back to him. His number is 466-5388,
CL BY SIGNER
RVW OADR
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_~ewr+~?ar~u
July 20, 1985
CONFIDENTIAL
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE HONORABLE GEORGE P. SHULTZ
The Secretary of State
THE HONORABLE JAMES A. BAKER, III
The Secretary of Treasury
THE HONORABLE CASPAR W. WEINBERGER
The Secretary of Defense
THE HONORABLE EDWIN MEESE, III
The Attorney General
THE HONORABLE ELIZABETH H. DOLE
The Secretary of Transportation
SYSTEM II
90763
THE HONORABLE DAVID A. STOCKMAN
The Director, Office of Management and Budget
THE HONORABLE WILLIAM J. CASEY
The Director of Central Intelligence
GENERAL JOHN W. VESSEY, JR.
The Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
SUBJECT: National Security Decision Directive: Task Force
on Combatting Terrorism (NSDD-179) (C)
The President has signed the subject NSDD and it is transmitted
herewith. (U)
Attachment
P~ational Security Decision Directive
CONFIDENTIAL
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C~~ ~~~~
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THE WHITE HOUSE
July 20, 1985
Na.t~,o naQ S ecun~,.t y
Dee~.d~,on D~.aee.t~.ve 119
TASK FORCE ON COMBATTING TERRORISM (U)
SYSTEM II
90763
International terrorism poses an increasing threat to U.S.
citizens and our interests. Terrorists are waging a war against,
not only the United States, but all civilized society in which
innocent civilians are intentional victims and our servicemen are
specific targets. (U)
The United States Government has an obligation to protect its
citizens and interests against terrorists who have so little
regard for human life and the values we cherish. To the extent
we can, we should undertake action in concert with other Nations
which share our democratic institutions to combat the menace of
terrorism. We must, however, be prepared to act unilaterally
when necessary. It is, therefore, imperative that we develop a
sustained program for combatting terrorism. (C)
To ensure that all appropriate resources of the United States
Government are dedicated to this task, the Vice President is
appointed to convene a government-wide task force on combatting
terrorism. (U)
The Vice President's task force will:
review and evaluate the effectiveness of current U.S, policy
and programs on combatting terrorism, to include:
an assessment of national priorities currently assigned
to effectively combat terrorism, especially earlier
recommendations regarding organization in NSDD-30 and
adequacy of intelligence responsibilities in NSDD-138
and Presidential Executive Order 12333;
the assignment of responsibilities and accountability
for ensuring interagency cooperation and coordination
before, during, and after a terrorist incident;
a review and evaluation of present laws and law
enforcement programs dealing with terrorism;
the adequacy of public awareness and support;
ENTIAL
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CONFIDENTIAL
COVFIDEP;TI~L
provisions for funding and personnel; and
an evaluation of current levels of programs of
international cooperation and coordination.
make recommendations as appropriate to the President by the
end of 1985. (C)
The task force on combatting terrorism, chaired by the Vice
President, will include the Secretaries of State, Treasury,
Defense, and Transportation; the Attorney General, the Director
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Director of Central
Intelligence; the Director of the Office of Management and
Budget; the Assistant to the President for National Security
Affairs; the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; the Chief of
Staff to the President; the Chief of Staff to the Vice President;
the Assistant to the Vice President for National Security
Affairs; the Executive Director of the Task Force; and others as
appropriate. (U)
The Vice President will appoint a senior Executive Director for
the task force who will work under the direct supervision of the
Vice President. The Executive Director may task any government
department or agency, individual or organization to contribute to
the work of the task force. To support the work of the task
force, a working group will be established for which members may
be drawn from departments/agencies represented on the Interdepart-
mental Group on Combatting Terrorism, the Interagency Intelligence
Committee on Terrorism, and others as appropriate. The working
group will prepare substantive recommendations to the task force
for consideration. (U)
The task force will select a group of consultants which will
provide advice to the task force as necessary. A Secretariat
Staff for the task force may be established as appropriate. (U)
CONFIDENTIAL
C~~~~~riC~~~~ I !~L ~~~ _
~ c~~
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ET
April 10, 19?32
MEI~iORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
? T'rIE ATTORNEY GENERAL
i':iE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
TiiE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHAIR"IAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR, FEDERAL BUREAU OF
INVESTIGATION
THE DIRECTOR, FEDERAL Ei?lERGENCY
I~IANAGEMEA~T AGENCY
SUBJECT: Dlanaging Terrorism Incidents (U)
The Pres?.3ent has formally approved the.at~ached National
Security Decision Directive on Managing Terrorism Incidents.
In order to ensure that the Terrorism Incident Working Group
is fully capable of executing its function, the group will
meet formally for the first time on April 20 at 2:00 p.m. in
room 305 of the Old Executive Office Building. Each agency
should identify a representative who can be called upon to
serve on the Terrorism Incident 4;orking Group and who will be
present at the meeting on April 20. Names should be presented
in ~+riting by April 16 to Chris Shoemaker, NSC Staff. (S)
cc Office of the White~House I~Silitary Aide
Chairman, PFIAB .
REVISED
(September 15, 1933)
?
Review 4-10-88 ~ ~~;~~~
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(\ ~ ~ ( 90086
WASHINGTON
April 10, 1982
NATIONAL Si=CUP.ITy DECISION
DIRZCTIVF NU1,{Bi=R 30
MANAGING TERRORIST INCIDENTS (U)
The United States is committed, as a matter of national policy,
to oppose terrorism domestically and internationally.
Efficient and effective management of terrorist incidents
is crucial to this commitment. Successful management of
terrorist incidentg requires a rapid, effective response,
immediate access to institutional expertise,. and extensive
prior planning. Because of these requirements, the
ma~~agement of terrorist incidents of duration ~aill be handled
in the following manner: (U)
(1) Respr~nsibilities. If the gravity of,;a terrorist incident
situation warrants, the.Assistant to~t`he President for
National Security Affairs, at the direction of the Vice
President, will convene the Special Situation Croup (SSG)
to advise the President with respect to decisic;:~ options
on appropriate policies and actions. (C)
(2) The Lead Agency. The coordination of federal resporise'to
terrorist incidents will normally be the responsibility of
the Lead Agency. The Lead Agency will be that agency with
the most direct operational role in dealing with the
particular terrors st; incide:~t at har..d. It will coordinate
all operational aspects of the incident, including press
and intelligence. The Lead Agency will normally be: (C)
-- The State Department, for international terrorist
incidents that take place outside of US~territory.'~ (U)
-- The Department of Justice for terrorist incidents
which take place within US territory. Unless
otherwise specified by the Attorney General, the FBI
will be the Lead Agency within the Department of
Justice for operational response to such incidents. (U)
-- The FAA for highjackings within the special jurisdiction
of the United States. (U) _
The Federal Emergency Management Agency will be responsible for
planning for and managing the public health aspects of a
terrorist incident and recovery from the consequences of such
incic::: nts. (U)
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'The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
will resolve any uncertainty on the designation of the Lead
Agency or on agency responsibilities.
(3) The Terrorist Incident Working Group. To support the
Special Situation Group, a Terrorist Incident Working Group
(TI[JG) will be established. This group will consist of
representatives from State, the DCI, DOD, FBI, FEMA and the
NSC staff, with augmentation from other agencies, as
required. The TIWG will be activated by the Assistant to
the President for National Security Affairs. It will be
chaired by a senior representative from the NSC staff.
The purpose of the TIWG is to provide the SSG with direct
operational support, to ensure interagency coordination,
and to provide advice and recommendations during an incident.
The Lead Agency will continue to manage the incident under
the direction and coordination of the TIWG and the SSG.
(4) The Interdepartmental Group on Terrorism. The
Interdepartmental Group on Terrorism (IG/T), chaired by
the Department of State, will be responsible for the
development of overall US policy on terrorism, including,
~.~t~en a.~~.a, policy directives, organizational issues,
legislative initiatives, and interagency training programs.
(5) White House Operations Group. The White House Operations
Group, chaired by the Director of the White House Military
Off-ice, will have responsibility for issues relating to
threats or acts of terrorism directed against the President
or the Vice President or senior US officials and protectees
as directed by the President. The NSC staff will effect
liaison between this group and the IG/T and TIWG.
(6) The Interagency Intelligence Committee on Terrorism. The
Interagency Intelligence Committee on Terrorism, chaired by
the DCI, will provide intelligence support to the SSG and
the TIWG. It will focus and coordinate interagency
intelligence efforts to counter terrorist threats. In
anticipation of terrorist incidents, the Committee will
concentrate on threat alerts, trend assessments, and
required procedural improvements, such as more rapid
dissemination of critical information.
(7) Planning and Exercises. In order to ensure effective
management of terrorism incidents, prior planning and
exercise activity are essential. The Interdepartmental
Group on Terrorism will be the primary mechanism within
the US Government for planning and policy recommend art ions.
To ensure the development of an effective, coordinated
interagency exercise program, the Chairman of the IG/T
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will appoint an Exercise Committee which will coordinate
the development of a multi-year exercise program and
review all multiple agency counterterrorism exercises.
This committee will assure that the government's
counterterrorism capabilities are maintained in a high
state of readiness and that duplication of exercises is
avoided. No multiple agency exercise at the national
level may be held without the recommendation of the IG/T
and the approval- of the Assistant to the President for
National .Security Affairs. (U)
This National Security Decision Directive supersedes all
previous inconsistent directives and instructions on managing
terrorism incidents. (U)
SECRET :` '~0~ / ! ~r,:'cc
r~ ~ ?'~~
,. ~ ;
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SYSTEM II
91377
WASHINGTON
April 5, 1984
w/TOP SECRET SENSITIVE attachment
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE COUNSELLOR TO THE PRESIDENT
THE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
THE CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
SUBJECT: National Security Decision Directive (NSDD-138):
Combatting Terrorism (S)
The President has formally approved the attached National
Security Decision Directive (NSDD-138) on measures to be taken by
the USG to combat terrorism. Copies of this directive may not be
reproduced,. Please ensure proper handling of this document and
the attached directive to prevent unauthorized disclosure. (S)
FOR THE PRESIDENT:
,~ '~
C .,
Robert C. cF~ rlane
Attachment
NSDD-138
CIA TS ?340033/4
COPY
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~,
~~TOP ENSITIVE
Na~.i~na~. Secun~.~y
Dec.ia.con p~.nee.t~.ve 138
COMBATTING TERRORISM (U)
U.S. citizens and installations, especially abroad, are
increasingly being targetted for terrorist acts. These attacks
result from activities by state-sponsored terrorist movements,
international terrorist organizations and groups, and individual
terrorists operating without obvious support. Terrorist
activities not only endanger our citizens and interests, but
result in the destabilization and polarization of democratic and
friendly governments. Of particular concern is the possibility
that international terrorist movements and some of those which
enjoy state sponsorship are receiving support and perhaps
guidance directly or indirectly from the Soviet L'nion.
International terrorist activity, as referred to in this
directive, includes conspiring about, planning for or conducting
terrorist acts by trans-national groups, whether the activity
occurs in the U.S. or abroad. (S)
The U.S. Government program to prevent, counter, and combat
terrorism must be significantly enhanced to reduce the threat to
U.S. citizens and foreign nationals in the United States who
enjoy our protection. We must also seek to ameliorate the
subversive effect of terrorism on foreign democratic institutions
and pro-Western governments. Our program must include measures
which will deter terrorist attacks, improve protection for those
threatened, and reduce the effectiveness of those attacks which
do occur. Domestic programs to deal with terrorist activities in
the United States must be continuously reviewed and assessed in
order to identify useful improvements. This policy must be
supported by improved intelligence, by political and diplomatic
actions, and by improved response capabilities. (TS)
This NSDD provides guidance for developing a long-term, two-
phased program for achieving these objectives in accord with the
provisions of Executive Order 12333 of December 4, 1981, and
other applicable laws and statutes. Phase I will commence
immediately and conclude December 31, 1984. Phase II will
consist of those measures to be taken after January 1, 1985. The
following principles will guide implementation in both phases:
(S)
SYSTEM II
91377
April 3, 1984
? The U.S. Government considers the practice of terrorism by
any person or group in any cause a threat to our national
security and will resist the use of terrorism by all legal
means available. (U)
C RET
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? Terrorism is a common problem for all democratic nations.
tae will work intensively with others to eliminate the threat
of terrcrism to our way of life. States that practice
terrorism or actively support it, will not ~~e allowed to do
so without consequence. All available channels of
communication will be used to persuade those now practicing
or supporting terrorism to desist. Assistance and support
shall be provided to those democratic nations suffering
intimidation because of terrorist threats or activities.
(U
? State-sponsored terrorist activity or directed threats of
such action are considered to be hostile acts and the U.S.
will hold sponsors accountable. Whenever we have evidence
that a state is mounting or intends to conduct an act of
terrorism against us, we have a responsibility to take
measures to protect our citizens, property, and interests.
(U)
? Intelligence collection against groups and states involved
in international terrorism must be improved in order to
better prevent or counter attacks; warn our citizens,
friends, and allies; and, thereby, reduce the risk to them.
(U)
Acts of state-sponsored and organized terrorism should be
appropriately exposed and condemned in every available
forum. (U)
PHASE I. The following near-term actions, by key departments and
agencies of the U.S. Government, are designed to immediately
reduce the threat to U.S. citizens, interests, and property in
accord with the guidance above. To this end, the following
measures are directed to be fully implemented by December 31,
1984:
? The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary
of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney
General, the Director of Central Intelligence, and the.
Director OMB, shall: (C)
Secure expeditious passage of legislative instruments
to implement the provisions of extant international
accords on terrorism to which the United States is
signatory. Measures should also be taken to carry out
appropriate bilateral and multilateral exchanges
leading toward improved cooperation on combatting
terrorism, especially with those states having an
established counter-terrorist capability. (C)
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SENSITIVE
Provide, through applicable legislative authorities,
resources, facilities; and services required to support
expanded counter-terrorism training for the civil/domestic
security services of other friendly governments. (C)
Develop a full range of options for dealing directly
with terrorism, both at the threat stage and after such
acts are carried out. This should include a program
for expanding existing sanctions against those
organizations or states which support or export
terrorism. It should also incorporate improved visa
processing systems and procedures which will permit the
U.S, to deny access to its territory to individuals who
represent such organizations or states. (S)
? The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary
of State, Director of Central Intelligence, and the Attorney
General, shall:
Continue improvements in the U.S.-capability to conduct
military operations to counter terrorism directed
against U.S. citizens, military forces, property, and
interests. (S)
Develop a military strategy that is supportive of an
active, preventive program to combat state-sponsored
terrorism before the terrorists can initiate hostile
acts. (S)
Develop a full range of military options to combat
terrorism throughout the entire terrorist threat
spectrum. (S)
Develop a broad range of defensive measures to protect
military forces, dependents, and facilities worldwide.
(S)
? The Attorney General shall enhance collection, analysis, and
dissemination of intelligence information on terrorist
movements, organizations, and activities within the United
States. To the extent necessary, the Attorney General and
the Director of Central Intelligence shall maintain close
liaison in these matters to ensure that the intelligence
activities of their respective agencies are properly
coordinated. (TS)
TOP SECRET SENSITIVE
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SENSITIVE
? The Director of Central Intelligence, in consultation with
the Secretaries of State, Treasury, and Defense and the
Attorney General, shall: (C)
Enhance foreign collection, analysis, and dissemination
of information on state-sponsored terrorist
organizations and anti-Western international terrorist
movements/ groups including relationships with hostile
intelligence services. This effort shall include a
prioritization of those terrorist organizations
(whether or not state-sponsored) which are most
threatening to the U.S. and an assessment of their
potential vulnerabilities. (S)
Develop, in coordination with other friendly security
services, capabilities for the~pre-emptive neutra -
ization of anti-American terrorist groups which
p a~ n, support, or conduct hostile terrorist acts
against U.S. citizens, interests, and property
overseas. (S)
Develop a clandestine service capability, using all
lawful means, for effective response overseas against
terrorist acts committed against U.S. citizens,
facilities, or interests. (TS/S)
-- Provide a new Finding on combatting terrorism which
includes, inter alia, lawful measures to:
Increase cooperation with the security agencies of
other friendly governments. (S)
Unilaterally and/or in concert with other
countries.geutra7i~P o coin r terrorist
organizations and terrorist leaders. (TS/S)
Develop an information exploitation program, aimed
at disrupting and demoralizing terrorist groups.
(S)
The Director of Central Intelligence is charged with the overall
responsibility for developing a comprehensive and coordinated
action plan to implement the steps above during CY-84. This
action plan shall include milestones and attainable objectives
aimed at commencing an active campaign to combat terrorism as
soon as practicable. This plan shall be fully consistent with
all provisions of Executive Order 12333 and other applicable laws
and statutes. (S)
SENSITIVE
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SENSITIVE
Recommendations for increased resource requirements should
accompany the plan. This plan, .finding, and resource
recommendations shall be forwarded for review by the NSPG no
later than riay 31, 1984. (S)
Once this plan, prepared by the DCI, has received Presidential
approval, its implementation during Phase I will be monitored by
the Terrorist Incident Working Group (TIWG), established in
NSDD-30. The mandate of the TIWG is hereby amended to include
these responsibilities and the TIWG Chairmanship is hereby
modified to include the Assistant to the President and Director
of Special Support Services as co-Chairman. The TIWG will meet
or. a regular basis on these matters and provide periodic reports
to the NSPG on implementation of these measures. (S)
A coherent effort and plan to combat terrorism requires that the
United States Government not only take action against known
terrorists, but improve its ability to protect its people and
facilities as well. These initiatives shall be implemented
concurrently to preclude unnecessary risk. Accordingly, in
addition to those steps outlined above, the following protective,
security, and enforcement measures are directed for implementation
during Phase I:~ (S)
? The Secretaries of State and Defense shall accelerate
security improvements in overseas locations to reduce the
threat of terrorist action. (S)
? The Secretaries of State, Defense, and Treasury, in
coordination with the Attorney General, and other
appropriate agency heads, shall take action to improve
protection/security of personnel and facilities in the U.S.
under their purview to reduce their vulnerability to
terrorist attack. (C)
? The Secretaries of State and Defense, in coordination with
the Director of Central. Intelligence, shall strengthen
procedures for dissemination of terrorist warning
information to threatened missions and units. To ensure the
effectiveness of these measures, the Director of Central
Intelligence shall develop improved procedures for the
continuous, systematic assessment of intelligence on
terrorist groups, movements, and individuals. (C)
? Departments and agencies with personnel in areas vulnerable
to terrorist action shall pursue mandatory programs for
improved awareness and security training. (U)
TOP SECRET ~?~ ~3~~~C~ SENSITIVE
C ~`
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TOP SECRET
s The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretaries
of State, Defense, and Treasury, and other agency heads as
appropriate, shall develop streamlined operational plans for
deterring and responding to terrorist threats against
prominent locations/events in the United States which could
be likely targets for terrorist attack. (C)
~ The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of
Treasury and other appropriate agency heads, shall also
continue to:
-- Enhance coordination, analysis, and dissemination of
federal law enforcement information regarding terrorist
activities and the presence of foreign or international
terrorists in the United States. (C)
-- Enhance cooperation among federal law enforcement
agencies and state and local authorities in the
investigation and prosecution of crimes committed by
terrorists. (C)
A consolidated plan to implement these Phase I security,
protection, and enforcement initiatives shall be prepared by the
Interdepartmental Group on Terrorism (IG/T) for review by the
NSPG no later than May 31, 1984. This plan should include
recommendations for increased resources required by the
departments and agencies to implement this program. (S)
All plans submitted for review by the NSPG should describe
actions already taken and resources applied in 1983, legislative
initiatives, and programs currently planned and underway for
1984-1989. The strengths and weaknesses of currently planned
programs should be delineated and analyses should be provided
explaining the need for additional resources. Where appropriate,
financing alternatives, including offset proposals, should be
provided. (S)
Phase II
A second phase of this national program to combat terrorism
shall commence on January 1, 1985. This phase is designed to
improve capabilities, organization, and management that will
further protect U.S. interests, citizens, and facilities from
acts of terrorism. (S)
TOP SECRET ` SENSITIVE
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SENSITIVE
The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs will
convene an interagency group comprised of representatives of the
departments of State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, the DCI, OMB,
and White House Office of Special Support Services to develop
recommendations on improving the overall management of national
programs for assessing, combatting, and countering international
terrorism. This group shall also recommend any changes that
should be made in the planning, integration, and oversight
arrangements for terrorism countermeasures. These recommenda-
tions to improve the program during Phase II should be presented
for review by the NSPG by July 31, 1984. (S) '
TOP SECRET
SENSITIVE
..
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July 22, 1985
THE HONORABLE GEORGE P. SHULTZ
The Secretary of State
THE HONORABLE JAMES A. BARER, III
The Secretary of Treasury
THE HONORABLE CASPAR W. WEINBERGER
The Secretary of Defense
THE HONORABLE EDWIN MEESE, III
The Attorney General
THE HONORABLE ELIZABETH H. DOLE
The Secretary of Transportation
THE HONORABLE DAVID A. STOCKMAN
The Director, Office of Management and Budget
THE HONORABLE WILLIAM J. CASEY
The Director of Central Intelligence
GENERAL JOHN W. VESSEY, JR.
The Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
SUBJECT: National Security Decision Directive: Civil
Aviation Anti-Terrorism Program (NSDD-180) (S)
The President has signed the subject NSDD and it is transmitted
herewith. (U)
Attachment
National Security Decision Directive
ET
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SECRET
SYSTEM II
90701
Execu~i~-e Recistry
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SYSTEM II
90701
Na.t~,o na.~ S ecun~.zy
Dec~.a~.on D~.hec~t~.ve 1 ~0
International civil aviation is becoming a high visibility target
for terrorist activities. Numerous terrorist acts directed
against U.S. and other air carriers in recent weeks pose a
significant threat to international commerce and our national
interests. Recent violent terrorist acts have resulted in the
murder, torture and kidnapping of U.S. citizens and the death of
hundreds of others. It is imperative that the United States
expeditiously implement procedures to prevent and/or respond to
subsequent terrorist acts. Accordingly, the following
extraordinary security and protective measures are directed for
implementation:
CIVIL AVIATION ANTI-TERRORISM PROGRAM (S)
WASHINGTON
July 19, 1985
Expansion of th"e Federal Air Marshal Program. The Secretary
of Transportation, in coordination with the Secretary of
State, is directed to immediately undertake actions .
necessary to expand the Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Air Marshal Program to the extent necessary to
assure safety aboard U.S. air carriers traveling in
threatened international areas. At a minimum, the following
actions shall be taken:
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Within 14 days, the existing Federal Air Marshal
complement shall provide coverage as determined
necessary for those flights serving cities where the
threat of hijacking is most severe. (S)
Within 30 days, the Federal Air Marshal complement
shall be expanded through the addition of Federal law
enforcement officers from other Executive Branch
agencies to provide coverage as determined necessary at
the most threatened locations. (S)
Within 60 days, action shall be initiated to fully
expand the Federal Air Marshal complement through
acquisition of new special agents to the level
necessary to provide continuing coverage at the most
threatened locations throughout the world. (S)
Utilization of the expanded Federal Air rlarshal comple-
ment shall continue until otherwise determined by the
Secretary of Transportation. Each Federal Air Marshal's
duties shall include airport and airline security
system inspections and functional evaluations in order
to fully utilize these highly specialized resources. (S)
SECRET ~~PY.~9F ~a ~o~,~
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Assessment of Security Effectiveness at Forei n Locations.
The Secretary of Transportation shall immediately undertake
an assessment of the level of security provided at foreign
airports for all U.S. air carrier departures and departures
of foreign air carriers serving the United States.
The existing complement of Federal Aviation
Administration special agents shall immediately conduct
on-site security evaluations at airports within areas
of the highest risk to civil aviation served by U.S.
air carriers. (C)
Within 30 days, the existing complement of Federal
Aviation Administration special agents supplemented by
Department of State employees shall conduct on-site
security evaluations at all airports where the highest
threat to civil aviation exists. (C)
Within 60 days, the Secretary of Transportation shall
initiate action to increase the complement of Federal
Aviation Administration special agents to the extent
necessary to provide continuing, periodic assessment of
security levels at all such foreign airports. (C)
Not later than July 30, 1985, and every 120 days
thereafter, the Secretary of Transportation shall
advise me of those airports where security levels do
not meet International Civil Aviation Organization
Security Standards and shall advise competent foreign
government authorities. If the notified government
does not undertake expeditious corrective action, the
Secretary of Transportation shall notify me and shall
apply the appropriate provisions of the Federal Avia-
tion Act of 1958 (as amended) whenever it is determined
that a continuing condition exists that threatens the
safety or security of passengers, aircraft, or crew
travelling to or from a foreign airport. (S)
Research and Development. The Department of Transportation,
in coordination with the Interagency Working Group on
Combatting Terrorism and the Technical Support Working
Group, will carry out an expanded research and development
program covering detection of explosive and incendiary
devices, hijack prevention, and other security system
enhancements. Projects presently planned will be accelerated
and necessary additional projects will be initiated this
fiscal year and thereafter. (C ).
SECRET ~OPY_L_pg ~O ~pp~~
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SECRET
Foreign Technical Assistance. In coordination with the
Department of State, the FAA training and assistance
program for foreign governments will be expanded. The
objective of this enhancement is to achieve heightened
security for civil aviation worldwide and to prepare other
governments to more effectively combat aviation-related
terrorism. (C)
Enhanced Airline Security Trainin The Department of
Transportation shall ensure that appropriately enhanced
security training and threat awareness briefings are
provided for all crewmembers of U.S. air carriers who serve
on high-risk flights. The FAA shall further require that
for such flights a designated security coordinator is
responsible for monitoring security systems and advising the
pilot in command that all necessary security requirements
have been met prior to departure. (C)
Crisis Management. The Administrator of the Federal Aviation
Administration is directed to provide all necessary communi-
cations required to meet crisis management responsibilities.
These shall include, but not be limited to:
secure communications for appropriate FAA crisis
managers and secure communications between the
appropriate FAA offices;
- command, control, and communications not dependent on
the switched public network; and
- expedited implementation of the connectivity
requirements specified in NSDD-95. (S)
Coordination/Resources . The Secretary of Transportation
shall coordinate the actions indicated above, as necessary,
with the Departments of State, Treasury, Defense, and
Justice and other concerned departments and agencies of the
USG to assure timely implementation. Heads of other depart-
ments/agencies shall provide appropriate support and
assistance to the Department of Transportation on a temporary
basis in order to effect the provisions of this directive.
Within 14 days, the Secretary of Transportation shall
identify and report to the Office of Management and Budget
on requirements for additional or reprogrammed FY-85, FY-86,
and FY-87 resources made necessary by this directive. The
report shall specify any temporary support required from
other agencies. (C)
SECRET
SECRET : ~~-
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