NEW DIRECTIONS IN JAPANESE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY: OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. PARTICIPATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T01017R000201540001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 1, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 30, 1986
• Content Type: MEMO

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1::::::/LL
Central Intelligence Agency
l 1=l L
DATE /a 1 C13 I E
DOC NO & Mr-
Washington, D. C. 20505
OIR DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
P&PD
3 0 SEP 1986
Assistant Director for International Affairs
Office of Science and Technology Policy
ie , Technology and Industrial Competitiveness
Divis ion
Office of Global Issues
SUBJECT: New Directions in Japanese Science and
Technology Policy: Opportunities for U.S.
Participation
The attached report, prepared by members of my staff, is in
response to the request from the Committee on International
Science, Engineering and Technology (CISET) for information on
opportunities for US researchers to participate in Japanese
government funded research. Changes in Japanese science and
technology policy--particularly an increased stress on
fundamental research--open opportunities for increased Japan-US
joint research. This report describes some of these
opportunities. If you or members of your staff have questions
concerning the report, please call
Attachment:
New Directions in Japanese Science and Technolo Polic :
Opportunities for U.S. Participation
GI M-20232, September 1986,
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SUBJECT: New Directions in Japanese Science and Technology
Policy: Opportunities for U.S. Participation
OGI/TICD/CFj I (30 Sept 86)
Distribution:
1 - Dr. David R. Kincaid, Agriculture
1 - Dr. William H. Tallent, Agriculture
1 - Ms. Elizabeth Werner, Agriculture
1 - Mr. Joseph Allen, Commerce
1 - Dr. Edwin Shykind, Commerce
1 - Dr. John C. Williams, Defense
1 - Dr. W. Steven Piper, Defense
1 - Dr. Leo Young, Defense
1 - Dr. Kenneth E. Horton, DOE
1 - Mr. John Metzler, DOE
1 - Dr. Lyle C. Wilcox, DOE
1 - Mr. Conrad Kleveno, EPA
1 - Dr. Robin Brett, U.S. Geological Survey
1 - Ms. Margaret Finarelli, Nat'l Aeronautics & Space Admin.
1 - Dr. James R. Morrison, Nat'l Aeronautics & Space Admin.
1 - Mr. John Sakss, Nat'l Aeronautics & Space Admin.
1 - Ms. Ann Keatley, National Academy of Sciences
1 - Dr. Stephanie J. Bursenis, NIH
1 - Dr. Craig K. Wallace, NIH
1 - Dr. John H. Moore, NSF
1 - Dr. William Blanpied, NSF
1 - Ms. Jennifer Bond, NSF
1 - Dr. C. T. Owens, NSF
1 - Dr. Frances Li, OSTP
1 - Mr. Lee Rivers, OSTP
1 - Ms. Deborah Wince, OSTP
1 - Mr. Jack Blanchard, State
1 - Mr. Donald Jameson, State
1 - Mr. William McPherson, State
1 - Mr. Robert Reis, State
1 - Ms . Pamela Smith, State
1 - Dr. Glen Fukas h ima, USTR
1 - SA/DDCI
1 - ExDir
1 - Executive Staff,
1 - DDI
1 - DDI/PES
1 - NIO/S&T
1 - NIO/Econ
1 - DD/OGI, D/OGI
1 - CPAS/ISS
3 - OGI/EXS/PG
5 - CPAS/IMC/CB
1 -
1 - OEA/Japan Branch
1 - Ch/TICD
1 - TICD/CF
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Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D. C.20505
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
1 October 1986
New Directions in Japanese Science and Technology Policy:
Opportunities for U. S. Participation
Summary
An evolutionary shift in Tokyo's science and technology
policy from encouraging short-term, development-oriented work to
sponsoring more' fundamental research offers increased opportun-
ities for United States researchers to cooperate on research in
Japan. Recent government White Papers stress that government
agencies should conduct more fundamental--or "non-proprietary"--
research to provide support for industries of the 21st Century.
As agencies such as MITI, STA and MPT undertake more fundamental
research, we believe they will be less concerned about protecting
proprietary results and more open to foreign cooperation than in
the past. Moreover, Japan admires the US basic research system
and, we believe, will seek help from foreign researchers in
establishing an R&D infrastructure. Areas where fundamental
research is being encouraged are: new materials, electronics,
biotechnology, and robotics. We believe that the programs
offering the most opportunity for cooperation at this time are
fundamental research projects at the large agencies, and the new
projects designed to encourage foreign participation.
Fundamental research projects are now being sponsored by almost
all the S&T ministries and agencies of the Japanese government.
Moreover, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry has
recently established three programs that specifically seek
foreign cooperation in Japanese research: Key TEC Research
Center; Human Frontiers Program; and the Centers for Cooperative
This paper was prepared by
Competitive Factors Branch,' Technology an Industrial Competi-
tiveness Division, Offi lobal Issues with research assis-
tance Comments should be directed to.
Chief, Competitive Factors Branch
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New Directions in Japanese Science and Technology Policy:
Opportunities for U.S. Participation
Recent action on the part of Japan's ministries to encourage
more fundamental research afford an opportunity for increased US-
Japan cooperation in science and technology activities. The move
towards "fundamental" -- or non-proprietary -- research reflects
Tokyo's belief that its R&D infrastructure must be strengthened
if Japan is to maintain state-of-the-art technology. Moreover,
Tokyo feels that its position as a world economic power brings
responsibility to advance human knowledge. The Council for
Science and Technology (CST) -- Japan's panel of experts to
oversee major directions in S&T policy (see Figure 1.) --
recently recommended an increase in government funding dedicated
to fundamental research, an increase in the "creativity" of
research, and an effort to break down barriers to cooperation
among sectors of the Japanese S&T community. As agencies such as
MITI, STA and MPT undertake more fundamental research, we believe
they will be less concerned about protecting proprietary results
and more open to foreign cooperation than in the past.
All the S&T ministries and agencies are taking part in the
new push to conduct more fundamental research, but the shift is
most significant in the agencies that have traditionally been
closed to foreign participation -- such as MITI and MPT. Both
ministries have excellent labs conducting advanced research that
would be very attractive to US scientists and engineers.
Moreover, we believe that science and technology will continue to
receive priority funding in a time of budget austerity. (See
Figure 2 . )
The major players in Japan's S&T scene are :
o The Ministry of International Trade and Industry has
traditionally concentrated on commercial development by
funding and coordinating joint goverment-industry
product development efforts, but more recently shifted
its activities to include fundamental research.
0 The Science and Technology Agency's major efforts are
large-scale development projects which are not commer-
cially attractive in space, nuclear energy, marine
science and the environment.
0 The Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (MOE)
funds "basic" research in a broad range of scientific
disciplines at the national, regional and private
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Figure 1
Selected Japanese Science and Technology Agencies
Prime Minister
Science and Technology Council
MAFF M of Int'l Trade & M of Posts and
Industry (MITI) Telecommunications
Life Systems Special Key Tech
Industrial Technology
R&D Promotion Structure
M of Education Science and Tech Agency
I L7 I
Nat'l Nat'l Inter- JRDC
Universities University Research
Institutes
Gov't Research Special
Institutes Corporations
1 --1
AIST Patent Office
1~
NGPO ETL
ALIT Agency for Science and Technology
ETL Electrotechnical Laboratories
JAERI Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
JRDC Japan Research Development Corporation
MAFF Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
NAL National Aerospace Laboratory
NASDA National Space Development Agency
NCPO Next Generation Planning Office
NIRIM National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials
NRIM National Research Institute for Metals
NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
PNF Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation
RIKEN Institute of Physical and Chemical Research.
NRIM JRDC
NIRIM RIKEN
NAL NASDA
JAERI
PNF
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Figure 2
JAPANESE GOVERNMENT SPENDING
(Billion Yen)
-32000
I- 28000
I- 20000
600
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 198'1 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
JFY'
Japan's fiscal year Is from 1 April to 31 March of the next year.
- 16000
0 SW ExpendHvn
^ 0 ..ro endllvre
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Figure 2A
S&T Budget by Agency
0 -{-
1978
1979
1980 1981 1982
JFY
MOE: Ministry of Educatlon. Science, and Culture
STA: Selene* and Technology Agency
MITI: Ministry of International Trade and Industry
MAFF: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry. and Flshertes
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Figure 3
MINISTRY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INDUSTRY - 'S
"MAP" OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Pace of
Techno,og cal
Change
? Electronics
? Biotechnology
? New materials technologies
? Telecommunications
i
? Steelmaking techniques
? Wireless communications
? Automobiles
? Internal combustion engines
? Airplanes
? Steam engines
? Spinning machinery
Age
Characteraal on
Early Age of Age of Establishing 2Ot -century Tethr Bogies
2000
ZZ.:
,~.r r t8 *:
Source Technological Progress as it Relates to Society and the Economy. by NIRA (National Institute for Research Advancement)
? Computers
? Television
? Rocketry
? Jet engines
? Nuclear power
? Nylon
? Antibiotics
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Other ministries with much more limited mandates and budgets
operate research labs and fund R&D:
o The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) has
increased responsibility for communications R&D in the
wake of the privatization of Nippon Telegraph and
Telephone (NTT) .
o The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(MAFF) is increasing funds to biotechnology.
MITI SHIFTS ITS SUPPORT POLICY
The Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) has
historically conducted large scale industrial development
projects aimed at developing and commercializing state-of-the-art
products. As the industries that MITI has promoted have become
competitive, MITI has begun to shift its support to encourage
fundamental research in areas that it sees as key to industries
of the 21st Century: electronics, biotechnology, new materials
and robotics. (See Figure 3.) MITI's extensive network of
contacts with business, its international outlook, its 16
laboratories, and its influential position in the Japanese
government make it an excellent agency to approach for the
purposes of international cooperative research in areas within
MITI's jurisdiction. In addition to sponsoring increasing
amounts of fundamental research, MITI has recently announced the
establishment of three programs that will specifically seek
foreign researchers to work on MITI's new fundamental research
projects.
International Programs. In FY86, for the first time, MITI
opened its research cepters to foreign participation, setting
aside about $2 million to bring foreign researchers to Japan.
Although the foreign research fund is still very small, we
believe that MITI has a genuine interest in incorporating foreign
researchers into its operations. This offers a good opportunity
for the United States to tap into MITI's extensive R&D
capabilities. (See box on current international efforts.) The
new international programs are:
o The Key TEC Center.
o The Human Frontiers Program.
o The Centers for Cooperative Research.
Key TEC. The Key Technology Center (Key TEC) -- a Center
dedicated to cooperative, long-term R&D in the technologies of
the 21st century -- is a joint**MITI - Ministry of Posts and Tele-
communications (MPT) program. Key TEC will:
The exchange rate of 175 yen to the dollar was used throughout
the paper.
** Key TEC was included in a package of measures to encourage
more "fundamental" research in a 1985 "Law for the Facilitation
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o Contribute funds and make loans at favorable interest
rates for R&D conducted on the fundamental key
technologies by private industry.
o Facilitate joint research between private industry and
government laboratories.
o Conduct' research on behalf of private industries.
o Invite and fund researchers from overseas to work in
Japan.
o Collect information on research results from 16
government labs and disseminate to private industry.
Key TEC will contribute up to 70 percent of the caRital
needed to conduct R&D in a "strategic, technical area." While
promoted originally as a "basic" research center, Key TEC litera-
ture states that projects are chosen on the basis of their long-
term commercial or practical application. The Center has so far
provided $11 million to 25 long-term research projects in elec-
tronics, biotechnolggy, optoelectronics and communications sys-
tems and software. (See Appendix, Table 1 for list of
projects.)
The Japan Trust -- a joint government-business fund -- is
Key TEC's program to fund foreign researchers with expertise in
Key TEC technologies. (See Attachment 1.) Despite high level
political commitment to the Trust, however, Embassy reporting
indicates that corporate contributions have not been sufficient
to support the 100 foreign researchers envisioned by the
designers of the Trust. MITI is proposing a tax incentive to
encourage corporate contributions, and has set aside $500,000 for
an initial international technical exchange.
Human Frontiers. In April, 1986, the Japanese government
announced the impending formation of the MITI-sponsored "Human
Frontiers Program," envisioned as an international center for
research in the life sciences. The program was never formally
proposed, however. Even so, MITI has already established two
offices -- the Human Frontiers Program Promotion Center and the
Human Frontiers Policy Office -- to manage the program. Accord-
'_ MITI has traditionally provided 50-percent of funding to R&D
projects. We believe that the increase to 70-percent reflects
MITI belief that the Key TEC projects will be more fundamental,
and therefore less attractive to industry participation than past
** Under the new law creating Key TEC, businesses and individuals
participating in cooperative research are allowed to use MITI
patent and industrial rights without charge.
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ing to the Japanese press, MITI is collaborating on a formal
proposal with STA and MOE and hopes to present it at the next
Summit of Industrialized Nations in 1987.
Centers for Cooperative Research. A law was passed in 1985
authorizing MITI to establish a series of regional core R&D
centers to bring together government, industry, academic and
international researchers. A major objective of the Centers is
to increase industry-university collaboration on long-term
research with industrial applications. MITI has set aside $130
million for an international industrial technology research
project, some of which will go to the development of the
Cooperative Centers in FY86. The Centers have been strengthened
by a 1986 law allocating money and creating incentives for
industry to participate in the Cooperative Centers.
Domestic Programs. Of the 10 large-scale R&D projects
currently funded by MITI, most are development-oriented and
therefore unlikely to be open to foreign participation. (See
Table 1.) The Next Generation Technology Research and Development
Program, however, concentrates on medium- to long-term technology
developments that are important for industries of the 21st
Century. Its long-term orientation makes the Next Generation
Program a good candidate for international cooperation.
Moreover, it is receiving top funding priority -- a factor that
makes it attractive to groups seeking cooperation with Japanese
S&T operations. (See Figure 4.) (See Appendix, Tables 3, 4 and 5
for a full list of projects.)
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Dates
Project Title
Total
Funding
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1980-1987
Monocarbon Molecule
Chemical Technology
65
9.2
10.5
11.5
10.6
7.5
1981-1989
Manganese Module
Mining System
87
2
3.6
5.5
7.2
5.6
4.7
4e
1981-1991
Next Generation
Industrial Technology
R&D
425
10
23.2
24.8
25.7
26.9
25.6
30e
1982-1991
Scientific Caiputing
System (Supercomputer)
150
-
3.3
7.1
10.2
11
11.7
13s
1982-1989
Automatic Sewing System
57
.008
.1
1.8
3.3
4
6
1982-1990
Advanced Robot
Technology (Hazardous
Work)
.2
3.6
8.3
12
l5e
1982-1992
Fifth Generation
Computing System
400
-
7
12.4
23.4
27
18
15e
1985-1991
Interoperable Database
System
60
.1
3.4
12e
1985-1990
Software Industrialized
Generator and
Maintenance Aids Project
103
20
24
270
1987-1990 Superprecision
Processing Technology
for Semiconductors
Project Description
Research and development for a new
production technology to produce such
basic chemicals as ethylene glycol by use
of catalytic agents and gas membrane
separation techniques as a means of
making radical changes in raw materials
needs in the petrochemical industry.
Research and development of a hydro-
dynamic dredging system which will
suction up nickel, copper, cobalt and
other important metal-impregnated
maganese nodules from ocean depths of
4,000-6,000 meters.
Research and development into the
basic technologies imperative for the
industries that are expected to develop
in the 1990s, in particular: new
materials, biotechnology and new
functional elements.
Research and development of a high-
speed computer system using such
high-speed elements as HEM and
parallel processing to undertake large
volume scientific and technical
calculations such as pictorial informa-
tion data retrieved from satellites.
Research and development of an
automatic sewing system which, by
introducing mechatronics technology
into the apparel industry, will enable
it to efficiently produce products in
small volume in a wide range of items.
Research and development of a robot
with quick and precise response
mechanically and having a wide spectrum
of capabilities responsive to both
direct and remote guidance for use in
the nuclear and oceanographic sectors.
Research and development into advanced
artif
r cra t
' 1 11'
ro
e rgence computer desig
n
and application, including R&D on
gallium arsenide, high electron
mobility and inference systems.
Research and development of a computer
technology. that will be multicompatible
in order to bring in to a cannon data
base system widely dispersed informa-
tion and to be able to respond to
multimedia, voice, printing and graphics
instructions.
Research and development into automated
production methods for software to
increase productivity and efficiency of
design.
Utilizing biotechnology and membrane
separation technology, to research and
develop a radically different general
water recycling system from those
in use as a response to the mid-to-long
range social problem of decreasing
water supplies.
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Current MITI Sponsored Programs
(Mil $US)
30-1
r
1982
25
15-i
10-
0 -t-
1981
1983
1984
-T-
1985
1986
il.d ?.*.rMl.a
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s.1.ntN1e Gwap~etlw~
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In1.r.p.r.bI. a.f.-...
1987
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Current International Activities Sponsored By MITI
At the Summit of Industrialized Nations in 1985, Japan
joined other advanced countries to sponsor international advanced
technology research projects. Japan takes the lead on "Frontier
Robots" -- a project to implement flexible manufacturing systems
in areas of hazardous work -- along with Canada, West Germany,
Italy, Britian, the US, the EC, and Austria. MITI has
contributed $14 million to this project in fiscal year 1986. In
addition to this project, MITI also contributes funding and
manpower to the following international research cooperatives:
o International Biotechnology Research.
o New Materials and Their Standards.
o Social Acceptability of New Technologies.
o Bioscience.
o High Energy Physics.
o Probe Into the Solar System.
o Remote Sensing from Space.
In 1985, Japan signed agreements to work on specific research
projects with West European governments on the following topics :
o Synthesis technology for VLSI.
o Laser sensing technology.
o Ceramic composites.
o Micro gas sensor for robots.
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY
The Science and Technology Agency (STA) is responsible for
coordinating the Japanese government R&D activities and conduct-
ing R&D in "big science" projects. This coordinating role,
coupled with its excellent research resources and openness to
foreign participation, makes STA a very good agency to approach
for cooperation.' STA controls a large portion of the
government's R&D budget (See Figure 2A) as well as access to a
number of government labs.
The largest proportion of STA's research budget (60 percent)
is devoted to nuclear energy and space, and the remainder is
spent on a range of R&D topics, notably life sciences and
materials. STA is committed to improving cooperation among
Japanese research sectors -- government, universities, industry
-- and developing new methods of promoting fundamental
research. Since 1980, STA's budget has grown most rapidly in
fundamental research -- as funding for this sector grows, we
believe new opportunities will open for US researchers.
Opportunities for cooperation with STA-sponsored activities
lie primarily within the Japan Research Development Corporation
(JRDC) and the Institute for Physical and Chemical Research
(RIKEN). Both organizations currently accept foreign
researchers, and with STA's increasing emphasis on fundamental
research, these two research centers offer significant
possibilities for cooperation. The JRDC has been among the first
in Japan to successfully organize the work of university,
government and industry researchers under one program. The
Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Program (ERATO) has
recruited foreign researchers in the past, and STA has proposed a
new law to allow foreigners to hold senior positions in govern-
mentllaboratories. RIKEN has also traditionally favored hosting
ERATO. The JRDC's fundamental research effort is mainly
embodied in ERATO, conducting research in electronics, ceramic
materials, biology and chemistry. In contrast to MITI's product-
oriented development and the unfocused nature of Ministry of
Education research, ERATO is charged with conducting "fundamental
research." ERATO is awarding funding for projects through 1987,
with the emselves running up until 1992.
ERATO has funded a project to aggressive y
recrui researchers to work in their materials and biotechnol-
ogy research programs. We believe that this offers an excellent
opportunity for US researchers. (See Appendix, Table 6.)
RIKEN. RIKEN is sponsoring the "Frontier Research Program"
-- a program that we believe may be open and attractive to US
researchers. RIKEN itself is a multidisciplinary institute with
projects ranging from basic to development activities in the
physical and biological sciences. RIKEN has traditionally sought
foreign participation in its research programs but the number of
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foreigners at RIKEN has been small (about 5-10 a year). Efforts
could be made to increase the number of researchers sponsored
under the Frontier Research Program which has a rising research
RIKEN's Frontier Research Program started in 1985 as a 15-20
year fundamental research program in new materials and biology
(See Appendix, Table 7 for list of projects.) Funds allocated
for FY86 top $6 million and RIKEN is expected to spend about $200
million over the 20 year life of the project. In addition to
providing research grants and contracts, the Frontier program is
expected to have a staff of 35 full time researchers, with about
one-third of these from abroad. RIKEN plans to build a housing
project to accommodate foreign researchers.
THE MINISTRY OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS TAKES ON RESEARCH
In the wake of the privatization of the Nippon Telephone and
Telegraph Company (NTT), government-sponsored R&D in telecommuni-
cations and information has been decoupled from commercializa-
tion, with the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT)
assuming the role of guiding fundamental R&D. MPT's new role may
offer opportunities for the United States to cooperate with Japan
in information R&D -- a sector where Japan has conducted
extensive research in the past, ~
e establishment of a new research center
sponsored by Key TEC -- the Advanced Telecommunications Research
Institute (ATR) -- dedicated research needed to advance tele-
communications technology. Embassy sources report that a major
component of the ATR research labs is the development of
automatic interpreting telephone equipment. The US Embassy in
Tokyoreports that at least two US firms are already working at
_
In addition to funding ATR, Key TEC will provide $86 million
to R&D in telecommunications, offering potential cooperation in:
o Regional information services development.
o Basic telecommunications research.
Communications for space-based use.
Wide-band multiplexer systems.
o Highly functional wide area network systems.
o Intelligent communications technology.
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION: PROMOTING BASIC RESEARCH
Of the ministries supporting research, the Ministry of
Education, Science and Culture (MOE) has the largest overall
budget for the support of research, much of which is basic
research. (See Figure 2A.) Most of the research that MOE funds
is conducted at its network of laboratories and research
institutes. The Ministry is emphasizing research in areas
similar to the priorities of its sister ministries, although
conducting more basic research in smaller scale projects.
Research priorities include materials science, biology,
chemistry, and electronics. (See Appendix, Table 8.)
The MOE has been the ministry most open to international
cooperation in the past. MOE has an International Cooperative
Division for Science and International Affairs that processes and
aids foreign researchers and manages international research
projects such as the Middle Atmosphere Joint Observation
Program. Moreover, MOE currently has agreements with the French
and the West German governments to pay the salaries and expenses
of researchers from these countries while they work in Japan.
Although MOE has been open to foreign research participation
in the past, US researchers have found it difficult to tap into
MOE research in large part because of the language barrier.
Moreover, under the Japanese university system of "chairs," a few
professors control most research projects. Senior university
staff hand-pick their associates, sometimes making it difficult
for foreign researchers to break into the system. While
academics from abroad are eligible as of 1982 for long-term
positions with Japanese universities, by 1985, only five
foreigners have accepted such positions in Japanese national
universities. Moreover, according to press reports, foreign
researchers feel isolated at Japanese universities. In addition,
critics say that the "chair" system, coupled with the civil
servant status of Japanese staff, stifles creativity by blocking
contact and mobility across academic disciplines.
MOE is changing to be more hospitable to foreign researchers
and has stated that it will seek more foreign participation in
the future. Tsukuba University, for example, has an on-going
project to train foreign researchers in technical Japanese. To
date, however, no US researchers have been trained under this
program. This type of program offers an excellent opportunity to
help US researchers over a major barrier to successful
cooperation with the Japanese. Moreover, we believe that MOE is
open to foreign participation in some of its short-term and
special projects because its available work force of civil
servants is not easily transferred for short periods of time.
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MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE CULTIVATES BIOTECHNOLOGY
The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF)
-- traditionally the farmers' voice in Tokyo with little interest
in fundamental research -- is becoming a leader in biotechnology
R&D related to agriculture. Its interests center on the
application of new techniques to plant and animal breeding, with
secondary emphasis on food processing, production of agricultural
chemicals, small-scale biomass conversion, and development of
livestock pharmaceuticals. The MAFF is making three major
changes that may provide opportunities for international
cooperation:
o Expanding fundamental research in its own central
laboratories.
o Attempting to improve cooperation with industry and the
univers ities.
o Establishing an agricultural biotechnology support
center similar to MITI's Key-TEC program.
The MAFF ranks a distant fourth in research spending among
Japanese agencies (See Figure 2A). The bulk of this spending
continues to be on regional research institutes supporting
farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Cooperation between the
private sector and the universities has generally been weak in
these areas -- some 90 percent of the research budget has been
spent in MAFF institutes. In an effort to expand fundamental
research and improve contacts with other sectors, the MAFF has
been reorganized to include a program of cooperative research
with industry and universities. This program has been integrated
with its system of 5 to 10-year projects (See Appendix, Table 9,
Sections I and II.). The scale of this program is small --
approximately $.5 million for support of university research and
$3.5 million for support of private research.
MAFF recently established the Center for R&D on Bio-
Industrial Technologies with $21 million funding for FY86,
expanding possibilities for cooperative research. (See Appendix,
Table 9, Section III.) Like MITI's Key-TEC Center, the bulk of
the new funds is provided from the dividends of state enterprises
(NTT and Japan Tobacco). For FY86, approximately $2.8 million
will be available for financing, and $7 million for loans to
groups undertaking agricultural research. The Center will also
provide industry with access to gene banks, information on
research in government laboratories, and information on oppor-
tunities for cooperation abroad. Projects proposed for financing
through the center have generally been of a very practical
The Ministry's principal fundamental research laboratory is
the National Institute of Agro-Biological Resources (founded
1983) in Tsukuba Science City. With a budget of $8.5 million in
FY85, the NIAR specializes in basic plant biology. According to
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press reports, the MAFF plans to expand the NIAR to enhance its
role as the hub of MAFF biotechnology plans. The NIAR is also
the Ministry's participant in international cooperative breeding
research with the United States, West Germany, and France.
We believe that opportunities for Japanese - US cooperation
are expanding in the Japanese science and technology community
because of an increased emphasis on fundamental research and a
related interest in welcoming foreign researchers. Programs
offering the most opportunity for cooperation at this time are:
1. Those designed to welcome foreign participation:
o Human Frontiers.
o The Japan Trust.
o Cooperative Research Centers.
o ERATO.
o RIKEN's Frontier Research Program.
2. Domestic programs and centers conducting fundamental
R&D:
o Ministry of Education's international research programs
and joint use laboratories.
o RIKEN's laboratories.
o MITI's Next Generation Research Program.
o MAFF's Center for R&D in Bioindustrial Technologies.
Opportunities for cooperation will be greatest in areas where
fundamental research is viewed as important to Japan: materials,
electronics, life science, and robotics. Moreover, life sciences
and materials have been identified as two areas of fundamental
research in which Japanese would be attractive to US researchers
at this time.
Because of Japanese budget constraints, we believe the
greatest opportunities for cooperation are in existing
programs. Our research shows that budget constraints and turf
battles among the ministries are likely to be obstacles in
creating new cooperative projects or arranging a government-wide
cooperative activity. Moreover, we believe that these obstacles
within Japan will break down slowly. Ministry-specific on oing
projects, however, should be open to cooperation.
Perhaps the greatest barrier to cooperative research is
slowly being lowered -- in the past, ministries had no office to
process foreign requests for cooperation. Prior to 1985, only
MOE had such an office. With the recent push for fundamental
research and cooperation, MITI and STA have added offices and
facilities to process, and in the case of STA, to house foreign
researchers. The existence of offices for international research
cooperation will provide an excellent opportunity for joint
Japanese - US research.
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Following is the list of the 25 projects and participating
research organizations of the Key Technology Research Center:
1. Non-Oxide Glass
Nippon Sheet Glass, Hoya Glass
2. Second Generation Optical ICs
NEC, Oki Electric and 11 others
3. General R&D on Space Use
Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Toshiba and 4 others
4. Coherent Optical Communication Measuring Technology
Yokogawa Hokutatsu Electric, Advan Test and 3 others
5. Gene Manipulation of Active Peptide, Manufacturing Process
with Chemical Compounding and Active Screening Methods
Meiji Confectionary, Daicel Chemical Industry
6. Protein Engineering
Mitsubishi Chemical Industry, Kyowa Hakko plus 3 others
7.. High-Level Information Processing-Type Image Information
System
Sumitomo Electric Industrial, Fujitsu plus One
8. Synchrotron Radiating Ray Use Technology
Mitsubishi Electric, Toshiba plus 11 others
9. High-Performance Surface Metals
Nippon Kokan, Kawasaki Steel plus 15 others
10. Language Processing Electronic Dictionary
Fujitsu, Toshiba plus 6 others
11. Human Science Audio/Visual Structure International Advanced
Telecommunications Technology
Lab (ATR), NTT plus 39 others
12. Automatic Interpreting Telephones
Same as above
13. Intelligent Communications
KDD, Sony plus 41 others
14. Optical Wave Communications
ATR, Toshiba plus 39 others
15. Integrated Information/Communication Systems for Buildings
Fujitsu, Shimizu Construction, Taisei Construction
16. Voice Activating Associative-Type Information Storage
Communication System Applicable to Minicomputers
Carry Lab plus 3 others
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17. Joint Backup Communications Structure
System Brain, Seibu Information Center plus 3 others
18. Industrial Park Information System
Gunma Bank plus 7 others
19. Kumamoto Prefecture Information System
Kumamoto Prefecture, City Offices plus 40 others
20. Regional Information System to Reinvigorate Hometown
Shimane Prefecture Office, Sanin Godo Bank plus 7 others
21. Integrated Information System for Greater Suwa Teletopia
Nagano Prefecture Office, Seiko Epson plus 31 others
22. Yamaguchi Triangle Teletopia Information System
Yamaguchi Prefecture, City Offices plus 17 others
23. INF Information System
NTT, Fukushima City plus 160 others
24. -Kurume Teletopia Information System
Kurume City, Western Lease plus 41 others
25. Kagoshima Videotex System
Kagoshima Prefecture, City Offices plus 27 others
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MITI has proposed the following research programs for the
initial phase of Human Frontiers:
0 Biometic-related R&D projects to produce new substances
and make production processes more efficient.
o The study and creation of enzymes with sophisticated
catalytic capabilities for possible energy resource and
environmental applications.
o The study and explanation of human physiological mechan-
ism to develop materials and new physiological active
substances such as anticancer drugs and antibodies.
o The study of the brain and nervous system to develop
information processing and control systems.
0 The study and imitation of living organisms' motor func-
tions to develop robot technology that incorporates
humanlike movements.
o The study and patterning of muscles and flagella to
develop a bioengine--a device with a revolutionary non-
fuel-based propulsion system that would be non-polluting
and operate under normal heat and pressure.
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(Million $)
Total
Research Area Dates RLD funds Project Description
High-Efficiency
1981-1990
55
High-Polymer
Separation
Membrane
Materials
Electrical
1981-1990
28
Conductive High
Polymer Materials
High-Crystalline
1981-1990
35
High Polymers
Crnpound
1981-1988
60
Materials
Light-Responsive
From 1985
Materials
Mass Cell
Cultivation
Technology
DNA Reformation
Utilization
Technology
Ultra Latticed
Elements
Three-Dimen-
2 signal Circuit
Elements
~ High-Strength
z Elements to
withstand
Environment
1981-1989
28
1981-1990
55
1981-1990
45
1981-1990
50
1981-1988
45
Development of structural
materials having abrasion
resistance, high precision, high
resistance to corrosion and high
strength in a high-temperature
environment.
Development of a high-efficiency
liquid arc)/or air separation
membrane to enable separation,
concentration and refining of
materials difficult to separate
except at high energy cost.
Development of high polymers
with high electrical conductivity,
good stability and easy to
fabricate and having new function
not found in current electrical
and electronic materials.
Development of high heat resistant
alloys with specific character-
istics of heat resistance,
pliability and light weight.
Development of high-polymer
material having a high crystal-
linity and with a respresentative
dynamic bending elasticity of
more than 100GPa.
Development of metallic compounds
(FRM) and resin compounds (FRP)
which are light and strong, for
use as high-strength structural
materials.
Development of materials for
possible use of memories because
of changes in their structures
(absorption/refraction) due to
light.
Development of a bioreactor that
will conserve resources and energy
in sectors of the chemical
industry.
Along with the development of a
substitute for tallow and blood
serum, which are essential in
animal cell cultivation, develop-
ment of basic technology for
high-density cell cultivation
using this substitute.
Using the vector strain approval
by DNA experimental guidelines
as a host, the development of a
new production technology to
produce new microorganisms using
DNA reformation technology on an
industrial basis.
National Laboratories
Participating
Fine Ceramics
Asahi Glass, Toshiba
Osaka Ind Tech Exp Lab,
Technical Research
Electro-Chemical Ind,
Chemical Tech Has Inst.
Association
Japan Specialty Ceramics
Machinery Tech Has Inst.
Ind, Kyocera Kurosaki
Nagoya Ind Tech Exp Lab,
Kurosaki Ceramics
Inorganic Materials Res
Inst
High Polymer Basic
Tbray, Toyo Spinning,
Chemical Tech Res Ctr,
Technology Research
Daicel Chemical Ind.
Products Science Res Ctr,
Association
Kuraray
Fiber High Polymer
Materials Has Ctr
Asahi Kasei, Sumitomo
Fiber High Polymer
Chemical Ind,
Materials Res Ctr
Sumitomo Electrical
Electronics Tech General
Ind, Teigin
Res Inst
Next-Generation
Ishikawajima Marina Hvy
Machinery Tech Has Ctr,
Metals, Compound
Ind, Kobe Steel,
Metals Tech Res Ctr
Materials R&D Assn
Mitsubishi Metals,
Nagoya Ind Tech Exp Inst
Hitachi Metals,
Sumitomo Elec Ind
High Polymer Basic
Teijin, Tbray,
Fiber High Polymer
Technology Research
Mitsubishi Kasai
Materials Has Ctr
Association
Mitsubishi Petrochemical
Next-Generation
Tbray, Teijin,
Metals, Compound
Mitsubishi Hvy Ind,
Materials R&D
Kawasaki Hvy Ind,
Japan Carbon, Toshiba
Machinery, Toyota Auto
Tbray, Mitsubishi Elect,
Sony, Hitachi, Kasai
Biotechnology Dev
Mitsubishi Kasai,
Chem Tech Has Ctr,
Technology Research
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical,
Fiber High Polymer
Association
Kao, Mitsui Petro-
Materials Res Ctr
chemicals
Sanitary Products
Industries Tech Has Inst
Biotechnology Dev
Tbyo Brewery, Kyowa
Tech Res Assn
Fermentation, Ajincmoto,
Takeda Pharmaceutical '
Development of ultra structural New Function Elements
latticed elements made from ultra- R&D Assn
thin film crystals uniformly
arranged in multi-latticed form
and semiconductor film crystals.
Development of a multifunctional
integrated element having sensor
capabilities, signal changing
capabilities.
Development of an element to
withstand extreme environmental
changes depending on use, i.e.
radiation, heat, integration.
Mitsui Tbatsu,
Sumitomo Chemical Ind,
Life Research Inst
Fujitsu, Hitachi,
Sumitomo Elec Ind, Sony
Chemical Tech Res Ctr,
Fiber High Polymer
Materials Res Ctr
Sanitary Products Ind
Tech Res Inst
Nippon Electric,
Toshiba, Mitsubishi Elec.
Matsushita Elec.
Toshiba, Hitachi,
Mitsubishi Elec.
Electronics Tech General
Research Inst
25X1
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NEXT GENERATION RESEARCH PROJECT
PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPANTS
New Materj.als
High-efficiency separation membranes
Toray Industries, Inc.
Teijin Limited
Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Kuraray Co., Ltd.
Toyobo Co., Ltd.
Conductive high polymers
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Daicel Chemical Industry, Ltd.
Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Crystalline high polymers
Toray Industries, Inc.
Teijin Limited
Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
Toshiba Corporation
Kyoto Ceramic Co., Ltd.
Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries
Kobe Steel, Ltd.
Showa Denko K.K.
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K.
NGK Insulators, Ltd.
NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
Kurosaki Refractories Co., Ltd.
Toyoda Machine Works, Ltd.
Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd.
Inoue JAPAX Laboratory
Toyota Motor Co., Ltd.
High-performance, crystal-controlled alloys
Hitachi, Ltd.
Kobe Steel, Ltd.
Daido Steel Co., Ltd.
Mitsubishi Metal Corporation
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Hitachi Metals, Ltd.
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries
Processing technology
Mitsubishi.Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Toyota Motor Co., Ltd.
Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.
Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.
High polymer compound materials
Toray Industries, Inc.
Teijin Limited
Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd.
Biotechnology
Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Ajinomoto Co., Inc.
Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd.
Takeda Chemical Ind., Ltd.
Toyo Jozo Co., Ltd.
Kao Soap Co., Ltd.
Daicel Chemical Industry, Ltd.
Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K.
Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical, Ltd.
Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Recombinant DNA utilization technology
Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.
Mitsubishi Chemical Industries' Life Science Institute
New Functional Elements
Super lattice devices
Fujitsu Limited
Hitachi, Ltd.
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
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Nippon Electric Co., Ltd.
Oki Electric Ind. Co., Ltd.
Toshiba Corporation
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
Sanyo Denki Co., Ltd.
Sharp Corporation
Matsushita Electric Ind. Co., Ltd.
Toshiba Corporation
Hitachi, Ltd.
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
National R&D laboratories participating in the 12 R&D projects
are:
Fine ceramics -- Government Industrial Research Institute,
Nagoya; Mechanical Engineering Laboratory; Government
Industrial Research Institute, Osaka; National Institute for
Research in Inorganic Materials.
Separation membranes -- National Chemical Laboratory for
Industry; Industrial Products Research Institute; Research
Institute for Polymers and Textiles.
Conductive high-polymers -- Electrotechnical Laboratory;
Research Institute for Polymers and Textiles.
25X1
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Table: UNIVERSITIES TAKING PART IN THE NEXT GENERATION RESEARCH PROJECT
Technopolis Region
Prefecture
Name of
Principal
Target Industrial Sectors
Measures Taken to
Strengthen R&D Capacity
Region
University(ies)
Hokkaido
Hakodate
Hokkaido University
Marine-related industries and those making
Expansion of the Hakodate Industrial Re-
use of natural resources (electronics,
search Institute; establishment of the
mechatronics, biotechnology, etc.)
Hokkaido Prefectural Center of Industrial
Technology
Akita
Akita
Akita University
Electronics, mechatronics, new materials,
Expansion of the Akita Prefectural Institute
natural resources, energy, biotechnology
of Industrial Technology
Niigata
Nagaoka
Nagaoka College of
Higher systems industries, urban indus-
Establishment of the Nagaoka Center for
Science and
tries (design, fashion), industries utilizing
the Promotion of Regional Technological
Technology -
local natural resources
Development and the Nagaoka Center for
Information Studies
Tochigi
Utsunomiya
Utsunomiya Univer-
Electronics, mechatronics, fine chemicals,
Establishment of the Utsunomiya Techno-
sity
new materials, software
polis Information Center
Shizuoka
Hamamatsu
Shizuoka University/
Optoelectronics industries, advanced
Establishment of the Institute for Research
Hamamatsu College
mechatronics, home sound culture (elec-
on Electronic Machine Technology and the
of Medicine
tronic musical instruments), etc.
Institute for Research on Medical Appliance
Technology; expansion of the Shizuoka
Prefectural Industrial Research Institute
Toyama
Toyama
Toypiama Univ./
Mechatronics, new materials, biotech-
Relocation of the Toyama Prefectural
Toyama College of
nology (medical, etc.), information
Institute of Industrial Technology; establish-
Medicine and
industries
ment of the Center for Research on Life
Pharmacology/
Sciences and the Center for Exchange in
Others
Advanced Technology
Okayama
Kibikogen
Okayama University/
Biotechnology, electronics, mechatronics
Reorganization of the Okayama Prefectural
Okayama College of
(medical and pharmaceutical industries),
Institute of Industrial Technology; estab-
Science -
etc.
lishment of the Center for Research on
Biotechnology
Hiroshima
Hiroshima
Hiroshima University
Electronics, mechatronics, new materials,
Establishment of the Center for Research on
Chuo
biotechnology, etc.
Frontier Technologies; expansion of the
Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Research
Institute
Yamaguchi
Ube
Yamaguchi University
Electronics, mechatronics, new materials,
Expansion of the Yamaguchi Prefectural
ocean development, biotechnology, etc.
Industrial Research Institute; establishment
of the Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of
Industrial Technology and the Institute for
Research on New Materials
Fukuoka-
Kurume-
Kurume College of
Mechatronics, fine chemicals, fashion,
Creation of the Information Center of the
Saga
Tosu
Engineering/Kurume
next generation (bio) industries, etc.
Center for the Promotion of Local Industry
University
,
Oita
Kenhoku-
Oita Univeristy/Oita
Electronics; mechatronics, bioindustry,
Establishment of the High Technology Re-
'
Kunizaki
College of Medicine/
software
search Institute and the
Training Center;
Others
expansion of Oita Prefectural Industrial
Research Institute
Kumamoto
Kumamoto
Kumamoto Univ./
Applied machinery industry, biotech-
Establishment of the Center for Research on
Kumamoto College of
nology, electronic equipment, information
Applied Electronics Machinery Technology;
Engineering/ Others
systems industry
expansion of the Kumamoto Prefectural
Industrial Rcsarch Institute
Miyazaki
Miyazaki
Miyazaki Univ./Miya-
Local-oriented (bio), introductionoriented
Establishment of the Joint Research and
zaki College of
(electronics, etc.), and urban-oriented
Development Center: expansion of the
Medicine
(urban systems) industries
Miyazaki Prefectural Industrial Research
Institute
Kagoshima
Kokubu.
Kagoshima Univ./
Electronics, mechatronics, new materials,
Establishment of the Center for Research
hayato
Kyushu Gakuin Univ.
biotechnology, etc.
on the Development of Fine Ceramics
Products and the Kagoshima Prefecture
General Institute of Industrial Technology
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Summary of ERATO Projects
Jun'ichi Nishizawa (Tohoku University) on making perfect crystals. Works with
Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Mitsubishi Metal
Industries Co. (1981-86)
Ken Matsumoto (Tohoku) on amorphous compounds, new inorganic materials for
industrial use. (1981-86)
Kazumitsu Hayashi (Japan Vacuum Metallurgical Co.) on ultra-fine particles of
metal compounds. (1981-86)
Naoya Ogata (Sophia University -- Tokyo) on fine synthetic polymers imitating
natural fibers. (1981-86)
Den'ichi Mizuno (Teikyo University) bioholonics project on coordination of
body functions. (1982-7)
Osamu Hayaishhii (Osaka Medical College) on information transfer between cells.
(1983-86)
Horikoshi (RIKEN) on "superbugs," microorganisms with special properties.
Work at RIKEN and Hamamatsu Photonics Co. (1984-89)
Shoichiro Yoshida (Nikon) nano-mechanism project on micro-analysis of matter.
(1985-90)
Haruo Kuroda (University of Tokyo) on chemical nature of solid suraces.
(1985-90)
NEW: Hirokazu Hotani (Kyoto University) on how organisms react to changing
environments at the molecular level. (1986-91)
NEW: Humio Inaba (Tohoku University) on how microorganisms absorb and emit
photons. (1986--91)
NEW: Quantum magnetic flux in cryogenic environments as an information
carrier (1986-91).
Three projects from ERATO have been selected as candidates for the "High
Technology R&D Consortium" system, to begin in JFY86 (1 April 86 through 31
March 87), for extension of results toward application and patentability.
These are: fine polymers, ultra-fine particles, and amorphous compounds.
Also selected, from STA's National Institute for Research in Inorganic
Materials is project Perovskite Functional Ceramics. The final selection is
by JRDC, including invitations to private sector.
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International Frontier Research System (STA) Projects
Frontier Materials -- new materials for electronics
Quantized Elements and Devices
Molecular Electronic Elements and Devices
Bioelectronic Elements and Devices
Biological Background of Homeostasis -- aging and plant improvement
Plant Homeostasis
Chromosomes
Biomedia
Intestinal Flora
Research is to be conducted at Institute for Physical and Chemical Research
(RIKEN). Staff is to be 35 full time scientists. Announced objective to hire
one-third from abroad. Construction includes domestic facilities for foreign
staff.
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Ministry of Education Grants for Specially Promoted Distinguished
Research (Selected in JFY85)
Theoretical and Corroboratory Studies on Universality and Individuality of
Japanese Language.
Establishment of Methodology for Archaeo-Historical Studies Based on Analyses
of Data of Chronological Variation Patterns of Old Tree Growth Rings.
Development of New Systems for Observation of Surface Atomic Configurational
Structure, and Studies on Semiconductor Surface Superlattice Structures.
Search for Magnetic Monopoles and Other New Super Heavy Particles.
Quantum Hall Effects & Localization of Valence Electrons: Quantum Effects in
Electrical Conduction.
Studies of Physical Characteristics of Interfaces Between Chemical Compound
Semiconductors and Insulators, and on Their Applications.
Dynamic Structure and Functional Regulation of Protein Synthesis Systems.
Control Mechanisms in Biosynthesis of Blood-sugar-reducing and
Blood-pressure-lowering Peptides.
Elucidation of B-Lymphocyte Hyperplasia and Differentiation Mechanisms and
Studies on Their Anomaly Control
Molecular Biological Studies on Functions and Regulatory Mechanisms of.-Enzymes
in Higher Animals.
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MAFF Biotechnology Projects for JFY 1986
I. Breeding through biotechnology for the 21st century
1. High technology plant breeding (for increased energy efficiency)
2. Aiding regional biotechnology development
3. Development of basic technologies
Research on cultured seeds
Mechanisms of gene manifestation
Analysis of gene structure in agronomic biology (new)*
New organism development by cell fusion and nucleus transplantation
Improvement of microorganisms and plant cells through cell fusion*
Production of seeds and seedlings through tissue culture*
Breeding by gynogenesis of fish and shellfish
4. Improvement of the gene bank
II. Technological innovation in food and related industries
Development of bioreactor systems in the food industry*
Development of basic technology for agricultural drugs*
Immuno-diagnostic methods of livestock diseases*
Basic technology for new fertilizers (new)*
Biomass conversion
Dynamics of root environment (new)
III. Center for R&D on Bio-Industrial Technologies
1. Financed Projects
Development of potatoes suited to manufacturing
Disease-resistant tomatos for year-round cultivation
Agricultural machines using artificial intelligence
New materials for coating crops
Damp-proof greenhouse heater
Measurement technology for surface water and soil using biosensors
Decontamination of agricultural waste water with microorganisms
Forestry machinery using forest biomass resources for power
2 Investment Projects
Biotechnology Research Center -- development of new breds
New food distribution systems
Sources: TOKI NO UGOKI, 15MAR86; NIHON KEIZAI SHIMBUN, 13AUG85
* Projects being conducted cooperatively with industry.
25X1
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International Research Cooperation
JAPAN TRUST
JAPA1 TRUST
JAPAN KEY TECHNOLOGY CENTER
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1. Introduction
The JAPAN TRUST international research cooperation
service is one of the activities undertaken by the Japan
Key Technology Center.
The Japan Key Technology Center is a specially approved legal organ
inaugurated. in October 1985 as a key institution for promoting experimental
research of basic technology in the private sector.
This center was established with a total capital of 14 billion yen, of which 5
billion yen was invested by more than six hundred private enterprises upon
approval of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the Ministry of
Posts and Telecommunications in accordance with the Law for the Facilitation of
Research in Fundamental Technologies (promulgated and enforced in June
1985).
So far, the promotion of experimental research in the basic and application
stages of technology in the private sector of Japan has not been sufficient.
Therefore, it is the role of this center, as an overall service institution, to promote
the research and development of key technology by taking advantage of the
technology development capabilities of the private sector, and further implement
the research and development of key technology in cooperation with the
industrial, academic, and government sectors.
The main business lines of this center are as follows:
(1) Invitation of researchers from overseas countries (the JAPAN TRUST
international research cooperation).
(2) Promotion of joint research and others, and development through collaboration
between industrial, academic, and government sectors.
(3) Collection, distribution, and investigation of information for research.
(4) Investment or loaning of capital required for experimental research pertaining
to key technology carried out by the private sector.
Note: The "key technology" implied here refers to the technology for the mining,
manufacturing, telecommunications, and broadcasting industries (including the cable
broadcasting industry), and other technology for the utilization of radio waves
pertaining to telecommunications, which are under the control of the Ministry of
International Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
and which are expected to contribute substantially to reinforcing the foundations of
the national economy and the people's standard of living. The majority of the major
technology development themes are considered to be included in fields under the
responsibility of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the Ministry of
Posts and Telecommunications.
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2. Objectives of the JAPAN TRUST
International Research
Cooperation Service
The objectives of the JAPAN TRUST international
research cooperation service is to invite overseas re-
searchers who are engaged in experimental research
pertaining to key technology and to promote international
research cooperation.
(1) Our country, Japan, has been incessantly directing its efforts to acquire
overseas technology. However, it is considered necessary for Japan, in the
future, to return the benefits obtained so far from various overseas countries.
(2) For promoting the development of creative technology, however, it is
considered highly important to broaden the mutual exchange of researchers of
various countries with different cultural and spiritual backgrounds and
different ways of thinking.
(3) From the above-mentioned points of view, it is considered essential to invite
researchers from overseas countries and promote international research
cooperation in wide ranging fields of key technology.
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3. Outline of the Invitation of
Overseas Researchers
Any overseas researcher to be invited under the JAPAN
TRUST international research cooperation service is, in
principle, required to have a Ph.D. or equivalent qualifi-
cation, and will take part mainly in the research and
development of private enterprises. In principle, the
invitation period will last up to one year.
(1) Any overseas researcher to be invited is required to have been engaged in
research in that field of key technology, and have a Ph.D., or else be deemed
to have equivalent research capability.
(2) The 'res'earcher to be invited will be recruited publicly by the Key Technology
Center.
(3)-Researchers will be selected from those recruited publicly by the center, and
all -necessary invitation proceedings will be handled by the center.
(4) The invited researcher will take part in research and development mainly at
the research institutes of private enterprises (or government/national research
laboratories, as required).
(5) In principle, the invitation period can last up to one year, providing that the
period may be extended.
(6) The following allowances and expense's will be provided for the invited
researcher:
a. Travelling expense
b. Living expenses
c. Preparation allowance
d. Premium for damage insurance
(For inquiry regarding the JAPAN TRUST international research cooperation
service, refer to Page 6)
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4. Financial Source of Expenditures
Necessary for Invitation
Incurred invitation expenditures will be covered by the
operation profit of the public trust fund established by a
number of private supporters (benefactors)
(1) In order to invite researchers from overseas countries, the money contributed
- by-the. benefactors (private organizations and individuals) who support the
objectives of this project is first established as the JAPAN TRUST, a public
trust fund.
(2) The expenditures necessary for invitation will be covered by the operation
profit of this public trust fund.
(3) The mechanism of the' JAPAN TRUST international research cooperation
service is as presented in the reference diagram of Page 5.
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Responsible
government agencies
Reference Diagram Mechanism of the JAPAN TRUST International Research Cooperation Service
Beneficiary
Grant of
promotional
subsidy r
Ministry of International
Trade and Industry (MITI)
Ministry of Posts and
Telecommunications (MPT)
Administrative planning
1 F-
Administrator
Invited
overseas researcher
Subsidy
from
operation
profit /
Approval and supervision
Trustee:
Council for
Administration
of Invitations
Selection of guest
researcher to b
e invited
eliberatior
and advice
r
application, notification
(report), etc.
Public trust: JAPAN TRUST
(collected type)
) Public trusialJt:
APAN TRUST
Public trust:
Memorial JAPAN TRUST
Report Public trust:
Memorial JAPAN TRUST
Petty contributor
Petty contributor
Petty contributor
Consent and Contribution
approval
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