WEEKLY SURVEYOR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T00608R000700040004-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 7, 2005
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: January 27, 1975
• Content Type: IR

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Top Secret
Weekly Surveyor
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139
TSWS-4/75
27 Januar 1975
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Two Soviet scientists are researching the
relationship between evoked cortical po-
tentials (ECP) and unconscious responses to
emotional words. They imply that the object
of the work is to examine neurophysiological
mechanisms of perceptual defense. It is be-
lievcd that'. they also may be interested in the
use of ECP in a lie detection role.
motion. Such a device would be useful for
generating small amounts of power from solar 25X
energy in areas not having the benefit of
advanced technology; it is noncompetitive
when large amounts of power are required.
Oleg V. Bogdankevich of the Institute of
Physics imeni Lebedev, Moscow, states that
electron beam pumped semiconductor lasers
(EBPSL) have significant potential application
in laser address switching for computers. The
use of EBPSLs for address switching is poten-
tially the best solution to random access
switching to individual holograi,is in a com-
puter memory. Holographic memories offer
the potential of much higher storage capacity
with rapid access than current computer
memories.
The second reactor has been started up at the
Soviet Bilibino Nuclear Power Station. This is
the first nuclear power station in the Soviet
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A. G. Presnyakov, a Soviet inventor, has
constructed a solar engine which directly
converts solar thermal energy into mechanical
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OSI-TSWS-4/75
27 Jan 75
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CHINA
PRC higher education is reported to be in a
shambles. Mao's revolutionary educational
policies have failed to provide the quantity
and quality of graduates needed to develop
and assimilate advanced technology. PRC
education officials apparently are aware of
the problems but are unable or unwilling to
take bold steps to correct them as long as
Mao's policies prevail.[
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The Chinese have successfully completed a 25X1
deep water oil exploration well in the
southern Yellow Sea. The well was drilled by
the first native-designed and built drillship,
the "Kan-tan No. 1." This represents an
advance in China's offshore exploration, and
the new drillship could significantly upgrade
Chinese drilling capability in deep water. This 25X1
is the first confirmed offshore well drilled
outside the Po-hai Gulf.
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Top Secret
OSI?TSWS-4/75
27 Jan 75
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NUCLEAR ENERGY
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i ino ES "as been turned over. for operation ahead of
h
uc -- rower Station ES The second power set at t e
Soviets Announce Startup of Second Reactor at the Bilibino
sc
edule. The station's ca acit is now 24 me awatts
electric Me)
.
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station in the Soviet Far East. When complete, this station 25X1
will have an electric generating capacity of 48 MWe, provided
by four water-cooled, graphite-moderated, pressure -tube reactors.
Comment: The Bilibino AES is the first nuclear power
the Bili ino E will be used to further theTeconomic de-
velopment of the Chukotka Peninsula. In addition, the waste
heat will be used to supply hot water to Bilibino and to warm
hot-houses for the year round production of fresh fruit and
vegetables. 1
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BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Soviet Research on Evoked Cortical PoLentials'Possibly Used
in, Lie Detection: Two Soviet scinntie.ts at the Serbskiy
Institute in Moscow have been resear,:,ha,ng the relationship
between evoked cortical potentials (ECP) and~unco,iscious re-
sponses to emotional words. In this research, neutral and
emotional words were presented on a tachistoscope to'14 subjects
described as psychopathic personalities. The duration of exposure
of the verbal stimuli on an electroluminescent screen was 15 ms.
Although each of the subjects reported an inability to perceive
the words, evoked cortical potentials were recorded for both
the neutral and emotional words. Later in the experiment, the
subjects also were presented the same words visually and slowly,
and evoked potentials were compared for both conditions.
Analysis of the ECP in the subliminal case showed a dif-
ference in amplitude of the late positive component in the
occipital region for neutral and emotional words with the
amplitude for the emotional stimuli clearly greater. When
the ECP's late, negative component of the conscious stimuli
was analyzed, it did not change significantly in either form or
magnitude upon presentation of emotional or verbal stimuli.
When the subjects did not-perceive the word, the negative
component for emotional stimuli was clearly of greater
amplitude in both the occipital region and in the vertex. The
authors also reported that amizil (a drug similar to meprobamate)
eliminated the differences in evoked cortical potentials to
25X1 neutral and emotional words and leveled the threshhold of their
perception.
Comment: Although the authors imply that the object of
their research is to examine neurophysiological mechanisms of
perceptual defense, it is possible that these researchers are
actually working on a form of lie detection. Soviet interest
in evoked cortical potentials as a possible polygraph technique
appears to have existed since 1968. If this technique is applied
in'lie detection, the subject would be unaware of his response to
an emotional provoking stimuli. Use of the evoked cortical poten-
tials in this fashion requires application of computerized tech-
niques for smoothing the electrical output from the cortex which
is well within the current capabilities of Soviet computer science.
The ::reported use of the drug amizil indicates that the
authors also may be interested in determining ways in which the
use of the evoked cortical potentials in a lie detection role
could be neutralized. The research reported by the authors
appears to be carefully designed, well controlled, and displays
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a level of sophistication nearly equivalent to that of US re-
search on evoked cortical potentials. This research is con-
ducted at Serbskiy Institute which houses political-
and the criminally insane.
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SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES
PRC Iii ;her'Education Reported To fie in a Shambles: Higher
education in the PRC is reported to be in a sham bles. Most
programs have been shortened to 3~ years and enrollments
are well below previous levels. Formal graduate training
has not been reestablished except for a few experimental
classes in electronics. Officials admit that they are
not meeting the country's need for engineers. Factories
are attempting to fill the gap by providing on-the-=ob
training for engineers.
Comment: Mao's revolutionary educational policies
have failed to provide the quantity and quality of graduates
needed to develop and assimilate advanced technology. Dif-
ficulties reported earlier include poor selection procedures
for qualified students and the need for extensive remedial
training for students after they have worked 2 to 3 years
on the farms and in factories.
The on-the-job training programs given by factories and
some research institutes are believed to be widespread and
useful in training technicians. This informal training is
believed to be fairly low in quality, however, and probably
is insufficient to meet China's needs in advanced technology.
PRC education officials apparently are acutely aware of
their educational problems but are unable or unwilling to
take bold steps to correct them as long as Mao's policies
prevail.
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PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Soviet Inventor Constructs Solar E?"nnine: Moscow inventor,
Presnyu cov, has constructe a ar "engine:" which
directly converts solar thermal energy into mechanical
motion. Presnyakov's invention recently won a. prize at an
All.-Union Competition for Solar-Powered Water Pumps sponsored
by the All-Union Council of Scientific-Technical. Societies
and the USSR Ministries of Agriculture and Land Reclamation.
Comment: Performance data are unavailable '-
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The concept of a heat engine using a solid working substance
(such as rubber or solid metal), rather than a conventional
gaseous working substance, has been studied in the US. How-
ever, the solid thermal. engine has a very low thermal efficiency.
Working models generating power levels of only one watt have
been constructed. NASA researchers have concluded that the
solid 'thermal engine cannot.be considered unless the cost of
the fuel is negligible and simplicity is the most important
design consideration. A solid thermal engine would thus be
useful for generating small amounts of power from solar energy
in areas not having the benefit of advanced technology--precisely
the intended application of Presnyakov's invention. Because of
r lca y mounted w hee . which receives heat on one portion;
the heat causes expansion of that portion which generates an
imbalance of forces and thus yields rotary motion.
'the low -thermal efficiency of the solid thermal engine, even
using free solar energy as an input, it is noncompetitive when
large amounts of power are required.
Soviet Electron Beam Pumped Semiconductor Lasers (EBPSL)
Promising for Holographic Memory Switchin : In a recent
review article on EBPSLs, Oleg V. Bogdankevich of the Insti-
tute of Physics imeni Lebedev, Moscow, states that EBPSLs
have significant, potential appliaztions in laser address
switching for computers as well as applications such as
large-screen TV projection and information displays.
Specifically, he claims that EBPSLs offer an order of
magnitude faster switching than that of laser beam de-
flectors. Switching speeds equal to those of EBPSLs can
be achieved with arrays of semiconductor injection lasers
(laser diodes) but the diodes ere difficult to fabricate,
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and it is difficult to ualect the re uired diode from.
array.
Comment: The use of E13PSLu for address switching is
poten7tial.y the best solution to random access switching
to individual holograms in a computer memory. It offers
increased speed, but more importantly, it offers precise
control of the laser' beam position and eliminates bulky and
troublesome mechanical and electro-optical beam deflectors.
The USSR has conducted more extensive research on holographic
memories than any other, country. Holographic memories offer
the potential of much higher storage capacity with rapid
access than current computer memories. Difficulties in
random access switching, rapid writing, and readout have
outweighed the advantages of such memories, and the high
cost of development and assembly have not been justified.
Bodgankevich's EBPSL appears to be the solution to the first
China Announces First Offshore Drilling by New Drillship: The
Chinese press has touted the successful completion of a deep-
water oil exploration well in the southern Yellow Sea. The
well was drilled by the first native-designed and -built drill-
ship, the twin-hulled (catamaran) "Kan-tan (prospector.) No. 1."
All operations from initial positioning and installment of sea
floor equipment throuh well logging were accomplished without
equipment failure or osition maintenance difficulties.
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Comment: This successful test is an advance in China's
offshore exploration and the new catamaran could significan"7v
upgrade Chinese drilling capability in deep water. This is
the first confirmed offshore well drilled outside the Po-hai
Gulf.
The Chinese have used fixed platforms and at least three
jack-up type floating platforms (including one purchased from
Japan) with limited water depth capabilities in the Gulf over
the past several years. They also have attempted to acquire
semisubmersible drilling platforms for water depths of up to
600 feet or more, but these attempts apparently have failed
for the present. The new catamaran, while not as flexible or
sophisticated as a semisubmersible platform, would allow the
investigation of potential oil deposits located by geophysical
surveys over wide areas of China's continental shelf.
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More than one such ship is needed for an accelerated deep-
water exji.1.ora?tory program. Two Chinese catamarans re orted].
25X1 were deer. ned as earl as 1964
The anchoring capability of t _e .an-"an
is unknown, ut it may be able to operate in water depths
over much of China's continental shelf. The ship is very
similar to the US drillship, the E. W. Thornton, which has
25X1 operated for several years in the South China Sea and is
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