TRANSPORT SERVICES IN CHINESE FOREIGN TRADE: DEVELOPMENTS THROUGH 1973 AND PROSPECTS FOR 1974

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230002-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 32
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 14, 2000
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: January 1, 1975
• Content Type: REPORT

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No Foreign Diiiem
Transport Services in Chinese Foreign Trade:
Developments Through 1973 and Prospecis for 1974
Secret
ER RP 75-2
January 1975
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NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions
Classified by 015319
Exempt from general declasslflcatlon schedule
of E.O. 11852, exemption category:
9 5B(1), (2), and (3)
Automatically declassified on:
Date Impossible to Determine
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This publication provides a detailed account of the intern:,tional tr;nsport
of the People's Republic of China in 1973 and presents a preliminary assessment
for 1974. It complements the trade data published in CIA Research Aid, A (ER)
7463, People's Republic of China: International Trade Handbook, September 1974.
These annual appraisals were previously contained in the Economic Intelligence
Committee (EIC) R16 series, which included yearly estimates of both international
trade and transport.
Unless otherwise indicated, tonnages are given in metric tons. Because of
rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
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China's Newest Japanese-Built Freighter, Equipped With A 300-Ton Heavy-Lift Boom For Oversized Cargoes.
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No 1'nnvi'n 1)?v rn
TRANSPORT SI:RVI('I:S IN CHINESE: FOREIGN TRADE:
DFVI:LOI'MENTS TVIROUGli 1973 AND I'ROSPEC"IS FOR 1974
I. Chinese seahornc foreign trade reached record highs in 1973, exceeding
24 million metric tons. Substantial increases in the trade of hulk commodities such
as grain, phosphate rock, and crude petroleum 1CCOU11tCd for most of the increased
tonnage. .lap,-.n remained China's chief trading partner - more than 7.6 million
toils were traded between the two nations -- while the United States surpassed
Canada as China's second most important trading partner, exchanging more than
5.1 million tons.
In 1973 , foreign ships still carried more than three-fourths of the tonnage
in ('lain,:'s foreign trade. Peking also increased its reliance on chartered shipping
to Move its growing trade, chartering nearly 12 million deadweight tons (DWT).
Do ring the year, Chinese ships Continued their small but growing role in the trade
.as the international fleet called at Japanese, European, and Third World ports.
3. By the end of the year, record ship purchases brought the Chinese
international fleet to l.0 million DW"h. Chinese-controlled Hong Kong fleets account
I'm i.3 million DWT, bringing China's total international maritime capability to
nearly 3 million l)WT. Along with its expansion ,;f the international fleet, China
moved toward modern intcrmodal cargo handling as it began container service with
Japan and equipped some major ports for limited container service.
4. In the first seven months of 1974. ship acquisitions for China's
international fleet totaled 800,000 DWT and exceeded he tonnage added in the
previous two years. Among the purchases were new bulk carriers totaling almost
350.000 DWT and four additional tankers with a con biped c,'pacity of' nearly
250,000 I)WT. The rapid growth of the international fleet reflects Chinese
intentions to meet their growing trade commitments through the Use of Chinese-flag
ships.
Note: ('omments and queries regarding this publication are welcomed. They may
be directed to of the Office of' Economic Research, Code 143,
Extension 7931. 25X1 A
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Chinese Seaborne (Foreign Trade
5. China's seaborne trade rose sharply in 1973 to more than 24 million
tons, a new high. The upsurge was clue largely to dramatic increases in imports
of grain and phosphate rock and export!.' .-f crude oil. Although China's 1973
imports and exports were almost in balance in terms of value, imports accounted
for almost 751/% of the tonnage as a result of unprecedented grain imports.
Traditig Par/NITS
h. In 1973, as in 1972, Japan was China's chief' trading partner. Trade with
Japan rose to a record 8 million tons because of increases in imports of finished
steel and exports of pi:trolcum. The United States replaced Canada in 1973 as
China's second most important trading partner on a tonnage basis. Total Sino/US
trade unouuted to more than 5 million tons in 1973 as US grain deliveries
quadrupled to 4.3 nlillic-r tons. The United States also became China's major source
of scrap metal and soybeans. Trade with Canada dropped to about 3 million tons
as Canadian grai;u exports declined. Chinese imports of Moroccan phosphate rock
reached 1.3 million tons, while Australia exported 800,000 tons of wheat to China.
The principal bulk commodities in China's 1973 foreign trade are summarized in
Appendix A.
7. China's seaborne trade with North Vietnam resumed in January 1973
after a nine-month standdown causal by US mining of North Vietnamese ports
in May 1972. Total volume reached 425,000 tons in 1973, 40'1'(% below the 1971
mark. Chinese exports. ircluding 130,000 tons of food and 40,000 tons of fcrtiliz, ',
totaled 390,000 teas, while imports, largely unidentified items, amounted to 35,000
tons. North Vietnamese coal exports to China, once a major trade item, dropped
to only 650 tons in 1973 from 15,000 tons in 1971, as bomb damage to mines
and the supporting transport system in North Vietnam restricted coal operations.
8. Chinese-flag ships based in South China carried about two-thirds of the
total seaborne trade with North Vietnam, while the remainder was carried from
North China by time-chartered Somali-flag vessels based in Hong Kong.
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9. ('hint's seahuurne trade with ('nba I'eII 10',; to 491.000 tuns in 1973 as
('Itinesc exports of general cargo dropped front 70.00(1 tons to 54,000 tons and
imports of Cuban sugar I'd I*rom 278,000 tons to 244,000 Ions. Other Chinese
shipments to Cuba included 171,000 tons of rice and 22,000 tons ol? soybeans.
Chinese-chartered non-('ontmunist and ('uhan ships continued to carry the trade
Of 1973. In April 1974 (lie first Chinese-flag vessel to visit Cuba arrived at
Manzanillo to load sugar.
('ommodii r ('onnpo.citiotr
10. A!hout one-hall' the value of C'hina's foreign trade in 1973 consisted of
high-value, low-volume general cargo. The tonnage of the ,:e items is not known
and is not reflected in estimates of total C'hineF,. seaborne foreign trade. Principal
imports in this trade are synthetic fibers, chemicals, textiles, machinery, and
equipment from .lapan: machinery and equipment from the United States: and
synthetic fibers, chemicals, machinery, and equipment from Western Europe.
Eastern Europe shipped machinery, equipment, trucks, and railroad cars. Major
exp(.)rts, included foodstuffs, textiles, and consumer goods to Japan: textiles to
Africa: and various consumer' goods to South America.
1 I. (sulk cargoes were the major items in seaborne trade, totaling 23.6 million
tons in 1973 -- a 34'; increase over 1972. Imports accounted for 19.9 million
tons -- 84'; of the total -- the most import,'nt of which we.-.' grain, fertilizers,
and metals. Petroleum, salt, and rice were the chief exports. Table I lists the major
hulk ca reoes -- both imports and exports - in Chinese seaborne foreign trade.
i'niuut;?
1 Iml'1rts ol? grain, the leading hulk commodity in China's seaborne trade,
reached a record 7.7 niillion toils in 1973, 60','( above the 1972 level. The United
Slates became C'hina's primuuv source of imported grain in 1973, supplying 2.8
million tons ol* wheat and 1.5 million tons oI' corn. The United States also provided
more than 300.000 tons of soybeans during the year. Deliveries of C'a nadi.m wheat.
which had reached 3.8 million tons in 1972, dropped to 2.5 million ions. After
a two-year hiatus. Australia resumed shipments to China, delivering 800.000 tons
of wheat, while Argentina supplied 100.000 tons of corn. Almost all of the grain
moved on Chinese-chartered non-Communist vessels. Total Chinese grain imports
for the past three years are shown in the following tabulation.
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Total
7.7
4.8
3.2
United stales
4.3
1.0
Canada
2.5
3.8
3.2
Australia
0.8
...
Argentina
0.1
....
13. Seaborne imports of chemical fertilizer, primarily from Japan and Western
Europe, totaled 4.1 million tons in 1973, close to the 1911 and 1972 levels. Imports
of phosphate rock rose from I.0 million tons in 1972 to 1.,8 million tons in 1973.
North Africa provided the bulk of' this Commodity. TIW United States, entering
the market for the first time, shipped 100,000 tons.
14. Scabornc imports of' finished steel increased from 2.5 million tons in
1972 to 3.1 million tons in 1973. Japan's share of this trade grew from 60'( . to
80'/%. the remainder coming from Western Europe. Deliveries of' pig iron amounted
to 930,000 tons in 1972 and increased to 1.1 million tons in 1973. Japan supplied
one-third; the remainder was provided by Yugoslavia and other European nations.
15. Deliveries of' scrap metal grew by 70'/(, to 640,000 tons in 1973. The
United States became the chief supplier of this commodity in 1973, shipping
430,000 tons. Among other major bulk commodities imported, copper reached
160,000 tons, two-thirds from South America and most of' the rest from Zambia
and the United Kingdom. All of' the 300,000 tons of' oil imported by China ill
1973 originated in Albania and was delivered to South China. Romania and Egypt
terminated petroleum exports to China in 1972.
1.Vp its
16. In 1973, petroleum became the major Chinese seaborne export as
large-scale shipments were undertaken for the first time. Total deliveries reached
nearly 1.2 million tons, up from 1972's 100,000 tons. Japanese tankers carried
about one million tons from North Chinese ports to Japan, and Chinese coastal
tankers delivered 150,000 tons to North Korea.
17. Salt and rice remained the major Chinese dry bulk seaborne exp )rts in
1973. Salt exports were close to one million toils. ,Japan's share decreased slightly
to 925,000 tons and the USSR's remained at 100,000 tons, the only major Soviet
import from China. One million tons of rice were also shipped to Cuba and a
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China: Major Bulk Cargoes in Seaborne Foreign Trade
Total
23.6
17.6
14.7
Imports
19.9
14.9
12.1
FoOdstufts
8.7
5.5
3,7
Grain
7,7
4.8
3.2
Sugar
0.7
0.7
0.5
Soybeans
0.3
Fertilizers
5.9
5.2
4.8
Chemical fertilizers
4.1
4.2
4.2
Phosphate rock
1.8
1.0
0.6
Meals
51
3.9
3.3
Finished steel
3.1
2.5
2.1
Pig iron
1.1
0.9
0.8
Scrap metal
0.6
0.4
0.3
Copper
0.2
0.1
0.1
Petroleum
0.3
0.3
0.3
Exports
3.7
2.7
2.6
Petroleum
1.2
0.1
0.1
FoodstufI's
1.2
12
1.1
Rice
1.0
1.0
1.0
Sugar
0.2
0.2
0.1
Salt
1.0
1.1
1.1
Coal
0.3
0.3
0.3
large number of developing countries around the world during the year. Identified
anthracite exports to Japan increased from 250,000 tons in 1972 to 300,000 tons
in 1973, while unknown amounts went by sea to North Korea and North Vietnam.
China's sugar exports remained at 155,000 tons in 1973, with shipments to Hong
Kong, other Far Fast countries, Africa, and the Middle East.
Alilitarv Shilmc'uts to Not-Commmlisl Countries
18. Pakistan continued as the chief recipient of' Chinese military aid in 1973,
but the value of' goods received dropped to $45 million from $64 million in 1972.
Most of' the remaining military shipments went to Sri Lanka, Sudan, and Tanzania.
Military cargoes for Pakistan are believed to have moved on Pakistani ships, while
all deliveries to other recipients arrived on Chinese-flag or Chinese-controlled
Somali-flag vessels.
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il-e Carriage of Chinese Seaborne Trade
I9. foreign shim, mostly under non-Communist flag;, continued to carry
more than 75'/% of Chinas total seaborne trade in 1973. Most of these ships arrived
in Chinese ports Under voyage or time charters. Ten foreign cargo lines serve China,
but their share of total trade is negligible. Chinese-flag vessels, while lifting record
tonnages during the year, carried less than one-fourth of China's total seaborne
trade in 1973.
Chartering i1 c,t i hi t)Y
20. Peking increased its reliance on chartered shipping to move its expanding
foreign trade in 1973, chartering nearly 12 million DWT, about 60'% more than
in 1972 (see Appendixes 13 and C').I About o,te-half' of the 1973 fixtures were
time charters ranging from two months to several years. As shown in Appendix C,
ships under the British, Cypriot, Greek, Liberian, Norwegian, and Somali flags
accounted for three-fourths of the charters in 1973.
21. Greek-flag ships represented one-third of total charters, almost doubling
in 1973 to about 3.9 million DWT. Of these, time charters were the most significant,
increasing 16101%% over 1972 to 2.2 million DWT, a reflection of Chinas increased
long-term reliance on this flag. These vessels carried grain from the United States
and Canada; fertilizers, machinery, And equipment from Western Europe; and
fertilizers, finished steel, and matlUfactored goods from Japan.
22. Chinese chartering of Somali-flag ships. almost all belonging to
PRC-controlled shipping companies in 1-long Kong, ranked second to Greek-flag
charters. Fixtures of' Somali vessels accounted for 1.7 million DWT, a 55'% increase
over 1972. During 1973 these ships carried machinery and equipment from Western
Europe, phosphate rock from Morocco, and grain from the United States and
Canada.
23. Chartering of Liberian-flag vessels increased dramatically in 1973 to nearly
one million DWT, ranking third behind ships flying the Greek or Somali flag.
Norwegian, British, Cypriot, Dutch, and Yugoslav-flag ship charters each exceeded
500,000 DWT in 1973.
I. Data on chartering activity were supplied by the Department of the Navy.
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Foreign Liner ,Services
24. Until 1974, all major scheduled liner services to China were operated
by foreign shipping companies. In the summer of 1074. ('liinese ships inuagurated
a limited joint containerized limier service with .Japan. Ten foreign liner conipanics
offered direct service to China in 1973, but these carried only a negligible portion
of total ('hinese seaborne foreign trade. Five were Japanese companies linking ('hina
with West Luropean ports, the Persian Cull', South America, Ilong Kong. Canada,
and the United States. 'T'hese included Mitsui OSK Lines (MOL), which initiat,:d
China service in late 1072 alter terminating its Taiwan service in 1971, and four
other Japanese ompanies that previously offered scheduled service to China.
25. In addition to the Japanese liner services, live other scheduled liner
operations ;':eve ('Iiina. These include Scan Dutch (a consortium of lour
Scandinavian and Dutch companies), West Germany's Rickmers Line, Yugoslavia's
Jugoslavenska Lini,jska I'lovidha, Fast Germany's Deutsche Seereederei, and Polish
Ocean Lines, all of which operate between China and Europe. In 1973 the Danish
Maersk Lines began carrying transloaded Chinese cargoes I'roni Ilong Kong to US
Gull' ports, but this is not yet a direct liner service to Chinese ports.
The Role of the C7riinese /nlernulioual /Meet
26. Chinese ships carried less than one-fourth of C'hina's total seaborne trade
in 1973. Ships of ('liinn's international fleet were used most heavily in the Japanese
trade, followed closely by calls to Western Europe. In Western F,urope, the Chinese
fleet called most often at ports in the Netherlands, West Germany, and Italy -
important sources of machinery, equipment, and fertilizer's for the Chinese
economy. Chinese ships continued to call at Fast European ports, particularly in
Albania and Fast Germany, but none has called at a Soviet port since 1966.
27. China's international fleet frequently called at African ports during the
year. Except for bunkering calls in Senegal, Tanzania and Morocco were China's
most active accounts, while Zaire and Dahomey were visited for the first time.
Middle Eastern calls remained limited largely to delivering Chinese economic aid.
A Chinese ship called at South America for the first time since 1971. delivering
rice to Chile and then sailing to Peru to discharge rice and load zinc.
28. As the international fleet consists almost entirely of' general-purpose dry
cargo ships, it carries largely manufactured goods, some bulk commodities, and
other general cargoes. Until Peking purchased its first bulk carriers in 1973. the
fleet carried only a negligible amount of China's imported bulk commodities such
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as grain and phosphate rock. Foreign Ships handled, most of all, crude petroleum
slripr:rents in 1973, as China's international Ileet had only one tanker in its inventory
in 1973.
29. Dcslgitc record acquisitions during 1972 and 1973, China's merchant
fleet-' totaled only 3.4 million I)WT at the end of 1973, making it 15th in the
world. The Liberian fleet, largest in the world, exceeded 95 million DWT, followed
by Japan with 57 million DWT. The US fleet (excluding government-owned ships)
totaled almost 17 million DWT.
Organization
30. The Ministry of Communications controls most of China's transportation
resources, including all of those involved in international trade. Two borealis
subordinate to the ministry manage ocean shipping. The Sea 'T'ransport Bureau
controls Chinese vessels moving in coastal trade, and the Ocean Shipping Bureau
directs ships in international trade. Under the latter, the China Ocean Shipping
Company (('OS('O) operates the international fleet, except for those ships assigned
to joint stock companies and controlled by the offices of those companies directly
attached to the Ocean Shipping Bureau. COSCO also schedules foreign liner services
in the China trade and charters ('hinese-controlled Hong Kong ships. The China
National Charter Corporation (Zhongzu), also subordinate to the Ocean Shipping
Bureau. manages all Chinese chartering of' foreign vessels.
31. COSCO, headquartered in Peking, maintains branches in Canton,
Shanghai, and Tientsin. As of 31 December 1973, the ('ante 1 Branch, ('OSC'O's
largest unit, controlled 57 ships: the Shanghai Branch, 42. and the 'Tientsin
Branch, 21.
32. The international fleet is expanding rapidly. Record acquisitions of
224,000 DWT in 1972 and 655,000 DWT in 1973 expanded fleet capacity to
1.6 million DWT. Growth rates during these years were 305 and 46""'.
respectively. The approximate cost of' ships added during both years is estimated
at between $250 million and $350 million. As shown i:1 Table 2, more than 80',
of the tonnage added in each year was built in non-Communist yards.
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't'able 2
China: International Fleet Acquisitions, by Country of Build
Thousand Deadweight Tons
1973
1972
Total
Total
655.0
New
244.7
Used
410.3
Total
223.8
New
70.2
Used
153.6
Non?C'onununist
552.6
142.3
410.3
196.2
42.6
153.6
United Kingdom
')7.0
....
97.0
,,,,
Netherlands
87.7
....
87.7
1_3
....
31.3
Yugoslavia
82,5
82.5
....
13.5
13.5
Sweden
1.11.1
141.1
...,
....
Finland
28.5
28.5
....
64.7
2 ),1
35.6
Norway
3
Japan
_"),7
14,5
15.2
France
_15.0
25.0
....
West Gertnativ
10.8
16.8
....
86.7
86.7
Italy
12.5
12.5
Communist
102.4
102.4
....
27.6
27.6
....
China
81.1
81.1
....
13.0
13.0
....
Fast Germany
13.9
13.o)
?...
....
....
....
Romania
4.7
4.7
....
....
....
....
Bulgaria
21. 7
Poland
....
....
....
14.6
14.6
....
33. Nearly 00', of' the international fleet's tonnage at the end of' 1973
consisted of general-purpose dry Cargo ships suitable for carrying either bulk or
general cargo. These ships range in sire from 2,700 to 22,000 DWT. The Chinese
purchased their first nine bulk carriers w 1973, the largest of' which was
33,000 DWT. These ships, whose total capacity is 210.000 DWT, are for use in
the ore, coal, and grain trades. The remaining four ships in the fleet were passenger
carriers, used almost exclusively for carrying Chinese personnel to Tanzania in
support of' the Tan-Zane Railroad project. On 31 December 1973, there was only,
one tanker in C'hina's international fled, the 45,725 DWT.IIN IIU. (For a listing
of' international fleet ships, see Appendix I).)
34. As the international fleet has expanded, it has improved in terms of' size
and age. Average size reached 8,900 DWT at the end of' 1973, about one-half
the world average and a 20%% increase since 1971. Average age decreased to slightly
less than I0 years. reflecting greater emphasis on new ships. This trend should
continue as the Chinese purchase larger, more modern vessels.
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Hong Kong-11a.ved Slrllm
35. In addition to its expanding international fleet, China controls two (long
Kong shipping firms, Yick Dung Shipping and I?nterprises Company and Ocean
Tramping Company. By the end of 1973, these firms were operating 1 1 3 ships
totaling more than 1.3 million UWT that were registered for the most part under
the Somali flag. On long-term charter to China, these ships provide Peking with
a greater flexibility in international trade, permitting entry to ports and trades
that are prohibited to Chinese-flag vessels. This arrangement also requires smaller
expenditures of hard currency than the chartering of ships from independent
owners.
36. The Ilong Kong companies matched and exceeded Peking's ship
acquisitions for its own international fleet during 197' and 1973. The two
companies purchased 1.1 million UWT during this period, some of' which was
transferred directly to the Chinese international fleet. The combined Ilong Kong
and Chinese international fleets anion iited to nearly 3 million DWT at the end
of 1973 (see Appendix F).
37. At though China has yet to assign any of' its ships to a scheduled
conventional cargo line in international trade, it is taking steps to use conventional
vessels in scheduled movements of' containers.
38. Chinese containerization began with the establishment of a Joint
Sino-.Japanese container service in September 1973. Under a preliminary agreement,
a trial service was opened, with one sailing a month by a Japanese ship and one
by a Chinese ship. In November 1973 the YANCIIENC, a conventional dry cargo
vessel carrying 30 containers to Kobe, became the first Chinese ship to deliver
containers abroad. l- ollowing the initial success of the trial service, two Japanese
shipping companies agreed to expand their service to eight sailings a month during
the last half' of' 1974. Vessels in this trade call at Yokohoma. Osaka. and Kobe
in Japan and at Tientsin and Shanghai in China.
39. In the summer of' 1974, the Chinese began a limited container service
to the United States and Western Europe from Hong Kong. The cargoes are
containerized in China and shipped by rail to Hong Kong where they are loaded
on Danish Maersk Lines containerships. This service should expand in 1975, when
Chinese coastal vessels are expected to load containers at Chinese ports and deliver
them to I-long Kong for further shipment.
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40. The Chinese are equipping port facilities at Shanghai, Canton, and
"Tientsin for handling small numbers ;'f containers by 1975. The facility at Shanghai
will rely on ships' cranes f')r container handling, while the installations at Canton
and Tientsin will use specialized container-handling equipment, some of it
manufactured in Japan and the United States.
Joins Slack Shipping C'ompnnies
41. Five ships in C'hina's international fleet are assigned to three joint stock
shipping companies established with Poland, Albania, and Tanzania. These vessels
are controlled by joint stock company offices attached to the Ministry of
Communications through the Canton Branch of COSCO. The Chinese-Polish
company ('IIIPOL13ROK is the largest of the three, operating an inventory of four
Chinese and 13 Polish freighters. The newly built dry cargo carrier BOLESLAW
1'/?US ( 16,000 DWT) entered the Ilect under the Polish flag in 1973. These ships
operate mainly between China and Europe, with occasional calls at North Vietnam
and Africa. The Chinese-Albanian venture, CiIALSIlII', operates three ships, all
under the Albanian flag. One of the ships, the INTERNACIONAL, is
Chinese-controlled and manned. Vessels assigned to CIIALSIIIP travel primarily
between Albania and China. The Chinese-Tanzanian company, SINOTASi-1113,
operates three ships -- one Chinese and two under Tanzanian registry. These ships
move between China, Tanzania, and Europe.
42. The Sri Lanka Shipping Corporation, Ltd. was established in a joint
shipping service agreement between China and Sri Lanka in April 1972. Under
the agreement, Peking purchased two ships for the corporation and provided
financial assistance to Sri Lanka to obtain two additional ships. By mid-1974 the
corporation owned eight ships, all under the Sri Lanka flag. These ships operate
from Sri Lanka to China, the Persian Gulf', 11Western Europe. China's involvement
is limited to providing liberal financial aid for the purchase of ships and supplying
attractive insurance coverage for operations.
43. Peking's coastal fleet accounts for somewhat more than one-half of the
country's merchant tonnage under the Chinese flag and operates almost exclusively
in Chinese and nearby waters. It carries all of China's internal seaborne trade, except
for a small amount that moves on Chinese-controlled. Hong Kong-based ships
between North and South China. The coastal fleet, controlled by the Sea Transport
Bureau, included 260 vessels totaling 1.8 million DWT at the end of 1973. General
cargo ships, mostly in the 1,000 to 15,000 DWT range, account for more than
60;':- of' the fleet's tonnage, while tankers of up to 25,000 DWT add another
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one-third to the tonnage. The remaiw.ler are passenger/Cargo and passenger ships.
In addition to domestic cargoes. these ships carry nearly two-thirds of China's
seaborne trade with North Vietnam and a large share of the China-I long Kong
trade.
44. The coastal fleet is divided into North and South ('Iris components.
The North China fleet operates in the area from Wen-thou to the North Korean:
border and controlled 171 ships at the end of 1973. The smaller South China
fleet operates 79 ships in the region between Shan-t'ou and southern North
Vietnam. The coastal fleet also controls ten small tankers that operate exclusively
on the Yangtze River.
Other International Transport Services
45. A small part of China's international trade is carried by overland
transport, mainly railroads. China has international rail connections with tae USSR,
Mongolia. North Korea, North Vietnam, and Ilong Kong (see the rnap, inside back
cover). Despite a surge in shipping to North Vietnam since 1972, the general pattern
of Chinese overland trade has changed little from year to year.
46. Overland shipments to North Vietnam resulting from the closure of its
ports in May 1972 increased to record tonnages in 1973 and the first ten months
of 1974.
1972 270
1973 1,405
I974 (.Ian-Oct) 1,170
Minerals and agricultural products have been the prime commodities moved overland
to North Vietnam. Petroleum has also moved in greater volumes - largely by
pipeline -- from China into North Vietnam in recent years. In 1972, only 14,000
tons of petroleum (all via rail) moved across the border, but this skyrocketed to
460,000 tons in 1973 (380,000 tons via pipeline and 80,000 tons by rail) and
equaled 415,000 tons through October 1974 (350,000 tons via pipeline and 65,000
tons by rail).
47. China's national airline, CAAC, began the long-awaited extension of its
international air service in October 1974 with the inauguration of flights to both
Tokyo and Paris. Ground work for these services has been under way since at
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least I9(a9. By mid-1974, all tell Boeing 707s ordered in 1972 and roughly one-third
of the British 'T'rident aircraft ordered in 1971 had been delivered. ('AAC also
received the la:;t c;' 30 AN-24 transports ordered from the Soviet Onion between
I909 and 1973. Neva orders in 1973 included an additional 15 Tridents. Beginning
in 1974, China also bought several instrument landing systems from the United
Kingdom to improve navigation at its major airports.
48. China now h,~s the crews, aircraft, and civil air agreements to expand
services l' ?ther. I:,leven air agreenlenf, were signed during the period 1973 through
mid.. 1974, bringing (lie total to 31 since the first accord was signed with the Soviet
Union nearly 20 years ago. Perhaps the Most signil'icant and difficult agreement
reached during the past 2 years was with Japan. It look more than a year to
conclude because of the Taiwan question. Recent clumges by foreign carriers serving
China include the reciprocal inauguration of Japanese airline service ill September
1974 and substitution of Peking 1'ot' Shanghai as route destinations on both Air
France service from hurope and 1?thiopian Airline flights from Africa.
49. China's international fleet will con tinne to expand, allowing ('hinese ships
to carry a greater share of the country's growing foreign trade. In addition to
continued acquisitions of general cargo ships, the fleet's expansion will include
the purchase of tankers to carry rising petroleum exports and of' bulk carriers I'or
larger imports of grain, fertilizer, and other bulk commodities. China's acquisitions
of' larger and more specialized ships will also require an improvement and expansion
of' Chinese Port facilities to accommodate them.
50. ('Iiina sharply increased its international fleet during the first seven
months of 1974. By I August, the fleet stood at almost 2.4 million DWT, a 51Y
increase since the end of 1973. Tonnage acquired during this period exceeded the
total tonnage added in the previous 2 years. Twenty new and used ships, more
than 60:;; of 1974 acquisitions, were constructed in non-Communist yards. Yugoslav
and Romanian shipyards supplied seven new ships, while Chinese yards added five
tlew hottotns to the fleet.
5 1 . Th; Chinese-controlled II ong Kong fleets acquired and retained only eight
ships during the first seven months of 1974. At least 19 ships were purchased
and quickly transferred to China's international fleet. This trend should continue
into 1975 as the Chinese continue their fleet expansion program.
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52. Reflecting ('hina's desire to participate in the nrovernent of its rapidly
increasing petroleum exports, the international fleet acquired its first tanker late
in 1973 and by the first of August 1974 had added four more, bringing the
cornhined capacity to nearly X00,000 I)WT. These vessels, larger than any tankers
or dry cargo ships in the Ileet, range from 46,000 to 74,000 I)WT. Pr,viously,
only the coastal fleet owned tankers, none of' which e,.ceeded 25,000 I)WT. 'fie
Chinese have ordered four additional Norwegian tankers with a combined capacity
of about 200,000 1)WT for delivery by 1975 and probably will order more.
53. Pcking's decision to dramatically increase petroleum exports will result
in shipments approaching 5 million tons in 1974 and as much as 15 million tons
by 1075. To implement this decision, the Chinese are deepening their major ports
and installing a high-capacity pipeline From the Shcng-li oil fields to Ching-tao.
The combination of these improved port facilities and a growing tanker fleet will
allow China to handle a signil'icant share of' its petroleum trade.
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China: Principal Bulk Commodities in Seaborne Trade, by Trade Partner, 1973
Phos-
Chemical Finished phase Pig
Total Imports Grain Fertilizer Steel Rock Iron
Total ................. 23.6 19.9 7.7 4.1 3.1 1.8
Japan .............. 7.6 5.4 .... 2.5 2.5
United States ....... 5.1 5.1 4.3 .... .... 0.1
Canada.. . ... ...... 2.5 2.5 2.5 ....
Scrap Petro- Soy- Petro-
Sugar Metal leum beans Copper Exports leurn Salt Rice Coal Sugar
1.1 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 3.7 1.2 1.6 1.0 0.31 0.2
0.4 .... .... .... .... .... 2.2 1 .0 0.9 _.. 0.3
.... .... 0.4 .... 0.3 -
Western Europe.... 1.7 1.7 .... 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.1
Of which:
Nest Germany.. 0.4 0.4 .... 0.2 0.2
Italy........... 0.4 0.4 .... 0.3 0.1
France 0.1 0.1 .... 0.1
Other........ .. 0.8 0.8 .... 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1
Africa .......... . . . . 1.5 1.5 .... .... .... 1.5 ....
orroco .......... 1.3 1.3 .... .... .... 1.3 ....
Egypt ............ 0.2 0.2 .... .... .... 0.2 ....
Eastern Europe ..... 0.8 0.8 .... 0.4 .... .... 0.1 .... 0.3
Albania.......... 0.3 0.3 .... .... .... .... 0.3
Romania. .. . . . . .. 0.4 0.4 .... 0.4 ...?
Other.......... .. 0.1 0.1 .... .... .... .... 0.1 ....
Australia ........... 0.8 0.8 0.8 ....
Yugoslavia. . . . ... . . 0.5 0.5 .... .... .... 0.5
South America..... 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1 .... .... .... 0.4 .... 0.1
Argentina, ....... 0.1 0.1 0.1 .... ....
Brazil. . . ......... 0.4 0.4 .... .... .... .... .... 0.4 Other............ 0.2 0.2 .... 0.1 .... .--- 0.1
Cuba. . . . . ......... 0.5 0.3 .... .... .... .... 0.3 .... .... .... .... 0.2 .... U.2
North Korea........ 0.2 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 0.2 0.2 USSR............ 0.1 .... .... .... 0
1
0
.
....
.;
t er .............. 1.6 0.6 0.2'- 0.13 0.24 .... 0.15 1.0 .... .... O.~s u._,
---------- -------------------
An unknown amount of coal was shipped by sea to North Vietnam and North Korea.
x Including relatively small deliveries from the Middle East, Africa, Canada, Singapore, and Yugoslavia.
Mostly exported by Singapore and a rumber of Middle Eastern and African countries.
4 llong Korg, West Germany, and Australia supplied the largest portions of these shipments.
5 The largest portions of these deliveries came from the United Kingdom and Zambia.
e C'hina's 1973 rice exports were shipped to a large number of developing countries around the world.
7 China's 1973 sugar exports were shipped to (long Kong, a number of developing countries in the Far East, and probably a few African and Middle Eastern nations.
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APPENDIX B
China: Charters of Non-Communist Ships
1972
Thousand Thousand Thousand
Number of Deadweight Number of DradweiRhl Number of Deadweight
Flag Fixtures Tons Fixtures Texas Fixtures Tons
Total. . .. .. ... .. 285 :1,125 205 ?1 ,307 490 7 432
lirwvv.. ... .... .. ...... 69 S, 13 3:3 1 1lill I22 2,1111:3
\orwny ............... :15 312 2!1 1121 lit I,2:i13
sonulliu ............... 97 1 ,0:12 I I 7 9 5 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
Nut lmr1ands......... ? . 12 :311 still :31 .47,ti
1'ugo.rlaV'iu............ I 177 Ili 272 27 119
('}?prus ................ I I I 102 I s 2111 :17 102
(ir-lit liritain.......... 22 ?32 7 hill 211 :3112
Si nguporo ............. I 78 9 !Iti 211 1711
' 1 1 1 p l l t l.. ... .. .. .. . . .. .. I 6 5 125 9 131
Itul.' .................. 3 51 3 77 13 12..5
1'u n u m tl ............... .... .... 12 125 12 125
Sw tvlcn .... ........... 2 :35 1 81; ti 121
I'll ki~lit it . .. ... .. .. .. .. 5 (if; 5 61i
FSnlood . 2 25 1 2(1 :3 13
Argentina ............. .... 2 I5 2 13
I)eit fit it rk....... ? ..... , ti 37 .... .... ti :37
Nuthrrlands Antilles.... .... .... I 31 I 35
West (Iertnuup......... I 27 .... I 27
Morocco .............. ... .... I 14 1 I 1
I.ilreria.. .. .. . ... . .... .... .... 2 12 2 12
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Chinn: I harlcrs of Non.Communisl Ships I
1973
Thousand Thousand Thousand
Number of Deadweight Number of Deadweight Number of Deadweight
Fixtures Tons Fixtures Tons Fixtures Tons
Total ... ..............
.196
6.697
240
5 ,126
7:36
11 ,1123
(; rrrrt .. ... .... .... ..
I l"i
-11, 116)
S3
I , 0711
212,8
:1. Sli.i
Sunutliu ....... ........
I',2
1,71151
2
21
15
1,7:1
I,ihrria................
17
:331
is
III
3,i
41.1
Nurwuy
12
193
13
:127
55
5211
(;rrat Britain..., ......
21)
IN
12
303
II
774
( vi rus ................
:i1
:171)
2s
351
Ii?
7:311
Netherlands...........
I
I1
21
1132
2;,
617
Y ugneluyin ... .........
241
33))
I I
225
:it
555
West (l,ruuuty.........
S
117
7
255
12
37+1
Japan ................
S
11111
10
212
I+i
:115
Netherlands Ait tille......
..
...
4
2KI0
1)
2.1(1
Ninl;apnn ..... .........
17
107
13
111
23
171
Sw ,I, a .... ..........
I
III
.1
a:3
8
167
Italy ...... ...... ..
i
4:1
1
27
1
12))
1'71 I, 11,1111. .... .. ..
:1
15
.i
64
1
I 1 1
1)eit tit it rk........ ..
7
10)
I
:i
1
1i5
Pakistan ... ... ...... ..
I
)I
....
1
iI
Kuwait ...............
:3
II
...
....
3
II
Iinl;ut,l...............
2
2,i
2
?,-
\Inl,tyu ..... .. .. .. ..
I
1
I
S
IInndit rns.........
I
3
I
:3
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APPENDIX 1)
China: Ships c1 the International Merchant Fled as of I Aukuat 1974
Ruill
Deadweight I Year
Tons ('ountrn Year Acquired
Total (152 ships) ...... ..... ......
Tientsin hranrh i 2)1 ships.........
2 374 , 576
446 ,368
BA ()TI N ; ............... . . . .
13,M5I
I'inland
I!I65
1972
CI IA N(.'I'I N.. ... ...........
1.1,1.11.5
Vi nhul(1
11,71
1972
DA I'I:Nt 1 ... .. ...........
13,111111
('81110
11171
141 1
I).\ LI ................. . ..... .
13,000
('hi lilt
1117'
147:3
I)A XI\( . ....................
1:3,000
l'hina
11) 1
1471
I).1 1'1: .......................
1:3,01111
('hint
1117:1
1973
II.:122
,lapa n
1117:3
1973
DA \1 I N ( .......... ........ ..
12,3511
\\'rst (.crmauy
1958
1970
1).1'1' I:\ N ....................
II .5'22
Japan
11171
11)71
DATON(.......... . .........
12,352
\\'r.t (.('rnutnv
11)51)
1970
1 ) l ' \ I I V A N ( ............... . .
15,:340
1. nitt'd Kingdunl
1967
1967
I I A I I'I1;ti(; ....................
12,530
East (a?rmanc
1969
1964
HA I\IEN .....................
12. 130
East Urrnutuc
11168
1914
IIV A T INI.................... .
1.1,207
)'inland
1972
1973
,1 I :\ N II l' .................... .
50,:31111
ti?t?dl?n
1966
I971
.1IA VGM E'N ..................
12.2115
East (.t?rnntri.\
111116
1966
.11:\ NW11 N ( .................. .
11,5011
I'itlhllld
1972
1972
,11N fit .......................
15,725
SWrdrn
1963
1973
,IINSIIA ......................
15, 31O
l'nitrd KIIlgd(111)
141.7
19)17
.111'.11A N( ............ ........
15. 66 3
I'rancr
1941)3
I11)1)1
I,ETI V( ............. ...... ..
13,103
1'irIli n(I
1111.1.
11)72
(1I \t I?:\ .......................
13.870
East (.t?rnuulc
1117:3
1473
1'ANT I %, ( .................... .
11,325
Finland
1973
1973
1' l' \I EN ..... .. .............
12,'295
East (It?rrnanv
14115
11161.
IN I1,\I ....................
:33,7011
Sweden
1111.3
1971
Z 111':N.IIAN( ................. .
I.i,13)1i
franc'
11)11)6
1966
Shanghai hrtirwh .13 ships) ..........
705,901
AN T IN ( ..................... .
14 , 3'26
I'inlaad
11170
1971
131?:1 AN ......................
4 ,1.45
I(onuutia
1971
1971
I)EI II:\I .....................
23,000
\C(-.+t (.t?rmanY
1!1(13
1471
HI N 11th .................... .
3:3,1)1)1
Sweden
I!1.3
11)73
('I1.\\(. AN ..................
1,511))
I(utnania
I967
19)17
('11.11) \'AN.. .................
13, 188
('hint
111117
191)17
('11OX(. MIN(; ...............
I1,))))))
hran(?t?
191.1
1471
DING II.\ I ...................
16. 21115
Sweden
191i3
197:3
I)O\(. AN ....................
1,11!15
11ona It lit
11171
1971
I)UN(. HA I ...................
2e,311))
l'nit(?d Kingdom
1965
197:3
I))) NI;I" ?;ti(..... ............. .
13 188
('hint
1965
111)15
FEN(; 1,.\ \( .......... .......
13,000
('hint
1971
11)71
I'E\(. \I IN U .................
14,111111
China
1973
1973
I'EX(. (21 X(. ................ .
1:3,0011
China
1971
1971
FE N G 1'A X(..................
11,11111)
('hint
1117:3
1973
I'EX(. Y I . ...................
13,00))
China
11171
1971
1'ENG(AIENG ................
7, I5:3
Poland
1971
1971
l'A X(; .......... .....
1:3,000
('hint
1971
1!171
I' I?: N (.1.1?:I ....................
11, 163
('hum
1970
19711
IIAN ('ll l'AX ................
I4 , 0011
Yugoslavia
197:3
1973
II.tN YIN ....................
15. 181
\1't'st Grrmanv
11171)
1972
III;N(;SI l l' I ..................
111,801
Nvthrrlands
1!11.1
1972
III)N(; (11 ............ ..... .
15.952
('hunt
1961
191.1
IIl'A YIN ....................
15,'202
\\'t?st (.t?rrtan .
19131)
1'1.' I
Ill'AI AN ....................
1,500
13o rut nit
19117
141.11
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APPENDIX 1) (Continued)
China: Ships of the International Merchant Fleet as of I August 1974 (Continued)
Built
Deadweight I
Year
Total (152 ships) (Continued)
K11unghsi hlanch (53 Shlp.41 (font.)
'1'C,pn
Country
Year
Acquired
III'AI IIAI ...................
26.33 I
\\'rst Gvrmtuiv
11)132
1971
11('AI YIN ................ ..
11,050
West Io1.11114 ly
19511
1969
.I I.\ N I))" ..................... .
1:!,5311
It illy
I1)51)
197:3
.I IA NG ;\N ...................
4 ,1395
13110141 lia
11)73
11173
.II.\\(1 ('Ill!AN ...............
I5, 11111)
Viigoshcvia
1973
1973
,IIAN(.('11ENG ................
I ?I , 5 i5
Poland
1972
197:'
1IANGYIN ...................
13,11'21)
West Germany
197,5
19711
.11 N(IIIAI .....................
111,711)
United Kingdom
19)14
11)7:3
I..\ \(. DIN,(; ................ .
13, 770
Swedrn
11)5)1
19711
I.I YAM; .....................
1:3,00))
('Ilion
11)7:3
11173
N,\ N 111' I ....................
13,:0)1
Finland
I1)111
11)7))
N ANX IA N( ................. ..
12,51111
Nwrdro
1959
19711
(1IN(.SIII'I ...................
I I , 11311
NethrrIluuln
19133
11)72
QINl.\':\N.. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1:3,0)0)
('1111111
11172
11)72
TAI S I I I' N ............. .....
2,718
Bulgaria
11173
11)73
'I'AN(. I,IN ...................
12,9115
West Germitny
191311
11171
' I ' I A N S l i t I ..................
11,:31'3
Nitherlands
11163
1972
'1'llN(. ('I11 AN ...............
15,111111
'I ugoMla 'I4(
11)71
11)71
TVA N ,III'.....................
1, 145
('1111111
1913.1
19134
\\'A\(.'1'IN(...................
11.3'20
Fin11uld
19711
11)71
\1' I':I 111\1 .....................
:11,`125
Norway
1911.1
197:3
XIAN(. VAN); ................
1 ?1 ,371
('1,11111
19139
11011)
NIN AN .................... .
I,50))
B0111110111
19137
19137
1';\N('IIKNG ..................
7, 153
PoItuld
11)71
11)71
YIN CI ll'AN .................
13,500
Y ngosla via
1974
11)71
YIY.\N ( ......................
1 1, 1.15
('1111141
1972
1973
1'l llt'A\ ....................
.I,:1)15
Sweden
11)59
11173
Yt'N. VAN( ....... ...........
I?I, 11:3
Chi [lit
14,170
1117 0
'a 111 On IIrlIIIC II IN a11i)i ........... 1
.155 ,208
C II A N (.1) I? :.................. .
12,7711
Swrdon
Illli4
1971)
('II.\N(11)1 ....................
4, 14!)
Finland
19132
1971
('II,\N(.IIAI ..................
:?11,(181)
West GrrnutnY
111)11
1971
('IIA\GS1IU..... ............
12. 190
Sweden
11)57
19711
('III NI.)N ....................
13, 5211
Yugoslavia
11)7:3
1973
('))N(; III* . ..................
1:3,005
Sweden
19132
1!17:3
I)AA \ .......................
12,511
West Germany
1954
1972
D,\ DI.: .......... .............
12,1323
N'rst (.ernucny
1911'2
1972
DA NIIA I ................ ....
21,81111
United Kingdom
19133
1971
DA NIN( ......................
1'2,1125
\\'i-s) (.erntanv
19132
1972
I).\ I'1 ........................
12,514
West Gernmanv
1!1:5!)
11171
1)1?:1)I' ........................
111,259
Sweden
1962
1!17:3
1)ON(. \IIN( ..................
15, ?121
Netherlands
19134
1973
I)ON(ali.\ N ................. .
I I , 144
West Gernuuly
1!1131
1972
1)l NIIU.\ ....................
12,13))
Swedrn
111131
19711
I tIIAI .......................
14, 19))
\','lherlinds
111133
197:3
(.Al) lit ......................
71, 140
Sweden
19613
1971
Gl ANGIIE E ....................
10,750
West Germany
1972
1117:3
GVA NGIIUA ..................
8.41)
United Kingdom
1930
1101))
GU;\NG\IING ... . ............
14,987
Netherlands
19135
1911,1
GUA\GSIIU1 .................
9,583
Netherlands
1!159
1117:3
UII AI A I .......................
,5:,.111111
Sweden
I?015
11)74
IIA ININ ( .....................
11 ,,'50
Poland
111(11)
111)11)
22
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APPENDIX I) (Continued)
('hill": Ships of the International Merchant Fleet its of I August 1974 (Continued)
Built
Ucadweighl I
Tons
Country
Year
Acquired
Total (152 ships) (Continued)
I'anton hraneh 116`4 ships) I(.'0itI
II:\N(i%IIOI' .. .......... ... . 11),1)21)
East I i'rinltnv'
I!I:i1
Imi,
III'.\ N(1 II,\I ................. 22, 1111
11'r..t OrrmW(v
1971
1971
lit'I.IN . ... ..... ...... . 13,500
Y ugusla via
11171
11171
.11ANIl DI ...... .......... I!I1
1'Inlalul
1962
1971
,I I A N I I l' :\ ....... ........... . 11111
'
I''rafiee
I9L11
1967
.IIANSIII
I ........ .... ...... 11,61)6{
\rtheriaads
11110)
197:3
.111.1\ ...................... 10,1)11
\\est (l'rluany
111:11
1961
.I1NIN(i.... 1 1 , 101
1,111l)"')
191111
1966
K:\ I III N(i.......... I.i, Ia1
'
Ili Jill o
1961
1973
Kl
N\tIN(i,.., ..,. IS, 121
\ethrrhinds
11)63
1973
LAN II.\1 ..... ........... .. 11.5311
.
Sw rdefi
19110
1973
I..\ N%IIOI
......... .......... 111,1)711
East (ieruutfiv'
11),47
19111
I.I.\(11,\ I ......... ........... 21{,739
?laptul
1!11{1
1!174
I.I\1I NO ...................... I:i.372
-,wellen
I1)6:3
191{4
I.ISIII'I .. .................... 11, fill;
Nel herltwk
1!110)
11173
L1)N1;1,IN . .. ........ ...... 1:3. 5211
Yugusiavill
1971
1971
\ 1 I': I S I I.1 N .................... 11 , 172
\\est Oernltul.
1909
1972
\11\(; 11:\ I ................... :is. III)
Sw'ede')
11)67
11171
\I IN(illl'A ................... 3, 111111
.
)''ranee
11)62
1973
I'IN(i II.
......... ........ Ili, III.{
Swede{
I1)61
11,71
Q I.\ N.I I N ........ ........... 111. 11111
Pula fill
1111{5
19115
111 N(;IIAI ....... ...... ... 1)01{
( ailed Kingdom
111142
11173
Ql\(i1, ILk N ......... ......... 11 .1172
\Vest (ieriimnC
19101
11172
(ION({ II,\ I ....... ..... ... . 3:3.370
West German.,
19113
1971
13.111111
Y 11gosla eia
1973
1117:3
'1'.\\(;SIIAN.. ... 13,
S\%I-dell
HI.i7
1961;
'I'A01,1 N ....... ....... 13,3211
\'uguslavla
I1) 1
1971
'I'I \\I.IN.. ........ . I3.1illll
\'ul;uslavill
11172
1973
'I'.\I III'.. 71. 1111
Sw1'dell
I!ili:i
1971
\VI:NSIIl I ...... ... . ...... !1,606
N It b(r)ands
III59
1973
\\1X1 ....... .............. 12, 76))
Y ugoslavttl
195 1
1967
\IN(iIIAI .................... :311,5'25
West (iertnuut'
1961
1971
`'I\(iiiI'A . .................. 12.700
S\% 4,41f.11
11161)
110711
\INONINO .................. 11.71111
Pniaod
111)16
1961;
XI ('IIANI; .................. 1,:ialI
Finland
1951
1967
\'.\N(i 1.11 ................. . I:1..421)
Y ul;usla Pia
1:17:1
1 973
YA() IIUA . ..... ............. 7.0110
I' na 11e,'
1967
19117
VI('IIU'N ................ .... 13,11111
(nited Kingdom
19112
497;
7. 1511
It lllttllll
111)12
11172
YONG ('Ill'. .............. 12.!)7.1
(111(N) KiIlgdnIll
1962
197:1
YONtININ(i ... . ............ 11 .7133
I'olttnd
1967
1967
Y() I IIA0 ..................... 11,515
\\'est (lI'rnlilnv
1959
11)1iI
YI I.IN ....................... 13,5211
Yiigusla%?ia
1972
1972
Z111':NII:\I ...... ........... . 21 .!IIIII
I'm 1101'
1914:3
1!171
7.Ill hIAI .................. ... 22,11110
Franee
1961
1973
,IUIIt steel: entnpanies , 5 ships..... 67 ,099
ASI.\ %I'll!KA ................ 12,675
SA edet
11)1111
111137
.1 IA X I N(i .................... 1 1. 129
Urn nutrk
1963
1971)
I.1 FEN({ ..................... 12,5311
East Gernuutc
1971)
19711
'1'.NIXING .................... 11 .9 3 5
Netherlands
'19611
1971
XIN FF.N(i ................. .. 12,530
I':ast (irrnl:iiIF
197(1
1970
23
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: Cl-A t
ODP86T00608R000500230002-1
WIP,
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIASRD'P86T00608R000500230002-1
APPENDIX E
Chinn: I'let?I Invt?ntor, t.l the ('hint-se-Controlled Yirk Fuel; Shipping; and Enterprir.es ('o., Lld.
and Ocean Tramping Co., Lid., August 197.1
Deadweight
Ship 'I'ons I
Total (121 ships) 1 ,?155 , 111{1
)'Ivk Ihinu 'lulilnal nod I:n1i
ltris,?.~ Co., Intl. 155 sIiil,' Him :18.1
\1)13IATI(I tit:\. 28,51,)
\1':111;.\N til:.\ Ili, loo
.\lt.\iIIH.\ SEA I2?1811
ARCTIC 11('1:.\.\ ....... ..... 12, 692
.\'.'1,:\ ti'l'l(' ))( i ,\\ ..... ... 11,9L50
.\7,(11' Sl:,\ .... ......... I5, IlI8
li.\I,I S1E:.\.... 12. 119
13.\I,'1'I(' St.:.\..... II,.ti3n
BA NDA St'::\... 12,39:3
li:\ItEN'1'S 067
III:it SE:\ 12," 50
lil?:ItIN(. SEA .... .. ........ 11,56:1
lit..\('K ,VA ...... . ........ I I,ti:il)
1'\Sl'1.\ N ................ 15,!) 11
l'l1:11I-:I3Ia SI':,\ .......... .... !0.,122
1'111:! N(. ('11.\l....... . .... I I ?Fill
('l1IN.\ SEA, .... 21,8111
('lll'K('lII St.:.\... ..... 17111111
('((It.\1, S1-::\ ................ I(., IIIII
I)1t:\K1: SEA ...... ......... . Ili 8511
F LO It E S SEA ................. 12.:390
Ill lil'NKIAN( ............... 13,1) 1:3
(.ISEENLANI) SEA ........... 12,51))
INI)I.\N (1('E:\\.......... .. 131 :1 lli
111\ I:\ N SEA ................. 1:3,21111
lit 1511 SEA ................... 14,!1811
,I:\1':\ St.:,\ .................... 12,395
KAlt,t S KA\ ... ....... ... .... 11),211!)
K I \ R(ISS ..................... 11,221
10)[0) SI?:.\ ............... .... 19,620
\1 INDA N.\O tit.,:\ ............. 13, 11) 1
\1I It'I'OA N SE?\............... I 1 .0111
\II)LCl'('.\ St{.\... ........... 12,9,50
\ 1 1 SIIAN .................... 5,821)
N.\\ FUN( ................... 11, 1112
\'I.:\1' IS.1S'I' tih:.1 ............. 1:3,3:311
\ 1':11' NOIt'1'II SE-::1 ........... 1 1,775
N(1131\'EGIAN tit,:.\ ........... 1:3, fill)
RE1) SEA .................... 17,31111
ROSS SEA .................... 12, 160
SEA.... ............. 16?581)
s..,1'I'1I I It I?' ................... 1:3. 1I)9
SNOW LILY... ........... .. 17,787
S'I' It It 1,I(31I'1' .............. I)), 565
51 1:1:1) ....................... 13,118))
St'1,1' SE.\ ................... 113,2111
'I':\ti\I:\ N SEA ................ 2:1,81111
'I'I \IOR SE.\ .................. 21 !IIIII
V EN I('1: ...................... 12,3511
WEDl)I?:LIL SEA.............. 12,11911
WHITE I'll') ................. 17.000
1\ lll'I'E tit::\ .................. 1015.~)
FIitg
tiit III it liit
tinitutli^
tiunutlilt
I III)i?ii Kinl;doat
Sunlnliu
Solnttlia
tiuutaliit
Somalia
do nullia
Somalia
tinnwlitl
tiunuJirt
Nuuutlirt
S utullirl
Sollllllia
l'nitrd Kingdom
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
.,olnaliu
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
tiunutlut
Somalia
Sonlrtlitl
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Cnited Kingdom
Sunulli a
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Somalia
Year
Iluill
Year
Acquired
I?033
1973
11)62
1972
I!(55
1972
I9.11i
[!Ili I
19132
1471
1958
1973
I1((!O
11(72
I?151)
191:3
1.151(
1972
I1111l
11(7 2
11(13:3
11(71
11152
11172
I!)5,8
1972
1958
11)72
Il151)
11172
11(5)3
11(91
19114
11372
11(58
1117:3
:962
1972
1111111
1411
11(6.1
11172
111!11
1971
11(5(3
197:3
111(12
1971
11(56
11(73
1957
1973
11(57
1972
1!151
11172
III!)
11)11:3
19112
11(72
11)58
11)73
11(58
1473
11(.58
1473
11(71
1971
19(14
19)18
1958
11)137
19.13
11172
19112
1117:3
11)51
11172
19139
11(71
1908 )
11) 3
1!1:57
111(11(
111:10
111169
11(1 1
111(11)
19.56
11911)
19111
11(72
111132
1117:3
11(63
11172
1958
.1(11 .1
11(111
1972
1951
11172
11(55
11931)
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: C1DP86T00608R000500230002-1
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 : t'M-RDP86TOO6O8ROOO5OO23OOO2-1
APPIr;NI)IX I1: (Continued)
('hind: Fleet Inventory of the ('hine'ie.('ontrolled Vick Fung tihippilig and Enterprises ! n., I.td
and Oveun'I'rumping ('n., lid., AugusI 1974 (Continued)
Deadweight
'Puns I
Year lrar
Flog l1uill Avillairrd
Total (121 ships) (Continued)
1'Irk Funs; Shippiuk and I':ntrr.
pries CO_ Lid. 151 slllpsi
l'onUnuelll
III, I Ili
Sonutlul
11115
191is
I' N 111,1''I' A'I')) N , .. ... .
1I,2x1
I Riled
I\ii boll
1!1111
I1,):)
%111)1?It ti i':.\ .......... ...
111,1;111
SO Iln,IIli
1!651
1!172
lrenn 'I'raIli Ili ng l'o., I,1 d. ,1515
hlp. ........ ........
652 ,1 H2
.11111,\ ...................
7 , 755
S iiialot
I955
H71
\I \1I\ .. ............. ..
7,55!1
SO III it lit
11655
11111
.\ \ \' I ......................
12, 725
tin Ilia l l it
19611
1971
.\'I'I,.\\'I'I(' S'I'Ait......... ..
5 ,1111)
Nonutll,t
Pills
111151
I3.\ II,.' ................. .....
.5,'251)
IIxlllllllll
19615
1972
BA I \I .\ ................ ... .
12, 154
S111110111.
I1(55
1972
13.\I\I\l ........... ...... .
5, 1110
ti(1nlalill
19655
11173
BA I('AIl ........
I'2,1151
Sonutlln
1959
11173
13:\ I S I I ' \(; .............. ... .
1'.'.,1171
So,nalnt
I955
1117:1
I3.\IYE\ ................ .....
`I, 1111
Sonutlilt
1955
1!173
IIA()I)I .......................
1, 11)11
Nnlnulut
19257
1117:3
((I(0) .............. .... .....
13,965
\unlltlltt
I959
11)71
13111('.\ .................. ...
1)1,326
('lilted
KIngrlom
1!151;
1972
III K( ........................
11 71111
Srllttalilt
19IHI
1972
('IIINSII,\KIA\(..............
'7!130
Somalia
19II))
11171
(' I I I NSI \(; ............. ....
7 , 625
Somalia
11159
1971
EAST(; .1) It \' ............. .
12.775
Sutlntlla
19511
111117
I" I'Il'III .....................
1;,1156
Soulalut
1!15!1
11172
I" I' III .t N) .....................
12,501
Sonutlin
11157
11172
F I :I'1'.\ .......................
12,:501
Somalia
19617
1972
(1,1(5,5
so tonlin
1115!1
11172
GAIIEN ....................
9, 21111
Sonwlin
1951;
11172
l;.\( )\'.\ N . .................. .
12, 1111
Nouutlla
I!155
1973
11 i': \I I S I' I I I' I( I? :.............. .
1'2,7:30
SO malill
19657
1!11;3
i:\;SIIA \ ....... ..........
15,71111
Somalia
111(111
1971
(II \(;\III:\ ..................
9, 150
Somalia
111511
11)72
III \;S L\ ....................
9.1.111
Somalia
111525
11173
.1( ) III,I'I'\............ ......... .
1'2,5311
so nutha
1958
110;1
K.\I1;(1 .......................
!1.171)
Nonutlilt
I!1,57
11172
K.\IIJ)K ......................
11, 1711
Sonlahn
11155
1973
K.\IYI \ .....................
!I, 1711
Sorltltlitt
11157
1973
LA OS IIA \ ....................
1:5,!170
Sonutlin
1957
11(1111
I.I III .\\ .....................
I, 1511
Sonutlitt
11)111)
1973
\I.\I,II\ ......................
I I , 111)1
Somalia
19.57
1973
\IF:IKI .......................
S.0'21
Sonutlia
1955
1!172
\I 1?:1 It I . ...................... .
S, 021
Somalia
1055
1972
\II\.\I ................ .....
11,11111
SO nutlin
19617
11172
\II\Fl \1; ...................
1(1,21111
Somalia
19.51;
1!17:'
\1I\(;l'IIA\(.................
11, 2713
Sonutlia
11157
1972
\I I \C\\'EI ....................
11), 113
Sanutlia
111.57
1972
\1 I \(.;YAO .................. .
I)),?113
Somalia
11157
11172
\I I \ 11:\) .....................
1;,1311,
Sonutlia
11157
1972
\I I NS IIA\ ....................
6, 13111
Somalia
111511
1972
\I I \'I'St' \ ( : ..................
I;,IiIit
tiomnlin
11159
11)72
\t( I l' \'I'II11' \ .................
.5, 511)1
Sntnal ill
19.57
11)117
Approved For Release 2000/09/14 : QA-RDP86TOO608ROO0500230002-1
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: X954?'RDP86T00608R000500230002-1
APPENDIX I; (Continued)
China: Fleet Inventory of the ('hintne?('nnlrolled Vick Fung Shipping and I{nUvpri))ert ('n., Lid.
and Ocean Tramping ('n, I3d., August 1971 (('onlinued)
Total (121 dhipd) (('onlinued)
Deadweight Year fear
'f'ond I Flag Iluill Acquired
1-itlt 'I'rwnlurlg ('n.,
I'I'l !iii
hllr.+i ('uullnrt' l
\II'~I\li.
'
7. li:{
~umttlut
1!1,1!1
1972
\
.\\l'lIP'\li ..
!1,71$)
~unutlla
19.,tl
197:1
\.\\111.1
!1,71))1
Surnulut
11t,i1
1973
\,\\KI'(I .,
!1,7111)
Snrnalla
1!1;71
1973
N \ \'I'.\11.
It, 71111
So Inalla
1953
I!17:(
I'I';IKI\\li..
17,'.,'8.1
-~irrrntIIn
I !1.i$
11171
EA SA ( ; K ...
5, 172
tiauutlut
11117
1!1171
'II-;III'IIIII.
7,7111
Nnnwlia
I!Lil1
1973
'Ir;lllll'I ..
,7,11:1,~
Sulilallll
11151;
IU73
~Il:il\II\
7,7111
Surantlnt
1953
1973
III:II'I'I\({..
5. ]:ill
Sunutlin
11I:ni
1973
~I \ K.\I
I:',7,iU
Nunutlilt
I!I;ia
1!173
NI \ 11;11
1_',7!18
Somalia
1!1:53
1!171
III \(il
1:1,2'811
\nlillllitt
19657
1!171
~I \\1.111...
21,7:{2
Sit tualIli
I!111$
1!171
x,ti;iO
tiunwliu
111,711
1!1)111
I'.\IS II.\\...
165
So rim Ia
1!6)7
196 IN
1\I':IK11 ..
12. 72.s
Sninnlla
111;)8
1973
11111,1....
1:!,7111
Nnrn:ia
9659
1973
11 1?I \II'N
12,717
Somalia
IIISM
1973
11,1188
Somalia
191711
1973
27
Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :SeIA-RDP86T00608R000500230002-1
 yhach'ye
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Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230002-1
I III Ian
Hung hu yuun,'? ,11 Yuan
~Hsci lung
Yu mm~
Yu men shth'
'Chia Gil lian
,Ching slnu
Lin tse
~ff Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230002-1
SECR E
 ovorodlna
Drhaknds
Me ha 1
(liip'
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U. S. S. R.
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nr.n.u u?k'au I ch'un
Pu t'e r
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