PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T00608R000200110011-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 41
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 22, 1999
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: April 21, 1975
• Content Type: REPORT

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Confidential
1--I,D-0012/75-2
21 April 1975
0 ~ (n~-, ~ u
E
STATSPEC 111tar), Political and Economic Data
FBI
LIC
FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
MILITARY, POLITICAL AND ECO1041C DATA
Military
Historical Struggle Recalled in Criticism of Lin
(CHIEH-FANG-CHUN PAO 23 Nov 74 p 2)
Tientsin Unit Manifests Combat Role Through Lin Criticism
(CHIEH-FANG-CHUN PAO 23 Nov 74 p 1)
4
Editorial Calls for Militia Improvement
(MIN-PING SI-IENG-HUO 15 Nov 74 pp 2-3)
10
Lin P.'ao Criticized for Opposing Militia Building
(MIN-PING SIIENG-HUO 15 Dec pp 11-14)
12
Lin Piao, Followers Repudiated
15
Militia Role Cannot Be Attacked
16
Kwangsi Militia Engages in Public Security Work
(1-IIN-PING SILENG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 18-19)
17
Assists PLA in Patrol Duties
17
Lin Piao, Followers Criticized for Restoration Plots
(MIN-PING SING-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 10-12)
18
Consolidating Proletarian Dictatorship
21
Criticizing Fallacies
23
Creating Counterrevolutionary Public Opinions
24
Kwangsi Rubber Plant Strengthens its Militia
25
(MIN-PING SIIIiNG-HUO 1S Nov 74 pp 4-5)
Militia Organizations Promote Training
(III`-PING SIIENG-}IUO 15 Aug 74 pp 16-17)
28
Combining Labor with 'Training
2J
Developing Militia Tactics
30
Anhwei Militia Engages in Air Defense Training
(CHI1:11-FAN(;-CIHUN PA0 22 Oct 73 p 2)
Military Subdistrict Promotes Militia Building
(CIIIEII-PANG-C1[UN PAO 22 Oct 73 p 3)
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1
MILITARY
HISTORICAL STRUGGLE RECALLED IN CRITICISM OF LIN
Peking CHIEH- FANG- CHUN PAO 23 74 p 2
[Article "Convert the Enemy by Sincerity or Tame Him with Amed
Preparedness" by the theoretical group of the 2 second company of an.
A_,' Force unit]
[Text; In the early years of Western Han, the slave military regim;
of the Huns in the northern part of our country, relying on several
hundred thousand horse-soldiers, enslaved and oppressed scores of
small states and ran over the whole cif the Goii Desert. They long3d
to possess the Central Plains which was under the control of the
Western Han dynasty and had an advanced social system. From time to
time they raided the Central Plains, plundering and killing people
and disrupting production. Over the question of how to guard against
the invasions of the slave-owning Hun nobles, the Confucian and Legalist
schools had waged a protracted struggle since the early year of the Han
dynasty. The acute controversy over this question at the "Salt an.i
Iron Conference" in the middle period of the Westexn Ilan was an epitome
of this struggle.
At the "Salt and Iron Conference," the divergence between the Confucian
and Legalist schools found its expression primarily in how to understand
the reactionary nature of the Hun slave-owners. The men of virtue and
men of letters representing the slave-owning reactionary force
shamelessly beautified and covered up the reactionary nature of the Hun
slave-owners and advocated the theory that there was no enemy who could
not be reformed by "love and justice" and "morality" and that as long
as "virtue was practiced" and "amity was existent between the two
countries," even enemies like the Hun slave-owners who were cruel and
heartless by nature would lay down the butcher knife, become Buddhas
and stop harassing and plundering Western Han.
The confrontation and struggle between the Western Han dynasty and the
Hun slave-owning regime in the north represented the contradiction
between the advanced feudal system and the backward slave system at the
time as well as the contradiction between the working people of Western
Han and the Hun slave-owning nobility. This contradiction existed after
Chin Shih Huang established the unified feudal state, and became more
acute during the period of Western Han. The reason was that Hun slave-
owning nobility regularly carried out er.:.roachment and, in collusion
with some feudal princes of Western Han, rose in revolt against the
Western Han dynasty. Could such a reactionary class as the Hun slave-
owning nobility be reformed by virtue as claimed by the Confucian men
of virtue and men of letters who advocated "influence them with love
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and justice and pacify them with morality"? Sang Hung-yang, an
outstanding representative of the Legalist School cited a mass of
instancO? where the H ns often entered the Hsiao Pass, killed people
and plundered them of their property, and exposed the insatiable
wolfish nature of the Hun slave-owning nobility. Facts prove that
although on many occasions the Hun slave-cwnars "made peace" with the
Han dynasty by "marriage between the royal families of the two opposing
states," and sometimes were compelled by circumstances to seek peace,
it did not mean that the nature of the enemy had changed. As soon
as circumstances changed, the Hun slave-owners would invariably
"become the first to violate the agreement." "hey are always changing
and untrustworthy, and violate every =rgreemeiit made." Sar:.g Hung-yang
pointed out that the Hun slave-owners who nibbled like a silkworm
were a cancer in the heart of the Western Ilan dynasty and that to
reform such an enemy with "sincerity" and to please him with "gold and
silk fabrics" was to aid the man-eating tiger, which would only result
in having the people plundered and enslaved and their land trampled on
and ravaged. Sang Hung-yang adopted the tactics of "using their spear
to pierce their shield" and put forward the slogan: "It is not virtuous
to benefit the wicked." That is to say, to practice "benevolent policy"
towards the wicked was not a virtuous policy. He fully exposed the
reactionary character and falsehood of the love, justice and morality
advocated by the Confucian school.
Proceeding from different understanding about the reactionary nature of
the Hun slave-O ning nobles led to two antagonistic views over the
policy of resistance adopted by the Western I-Ian to the Hun slave-owning
nobilities. Sang hung-yang backed up -the line of war of resistance
adopted by Emperor Wu of Ilan, and advocated a national war of self-
defense against the invasions of the Huns. On the other hand, men of
virtue and men of letters exaggerated the terror and cruelty of war,
sayin.-. Ilse wounds of war will remain unhealed for successive gener-
ati-)n_., the fields will become desolate, and the cities will become
empty." They painted a heart-rending picture of war. Flaunting the
banner of "asking for clemency on behalf of the people," they urged
the central government of Western Ilan to "get rid of militarism,
promote culture, abandon the use of strength and uphold virtue," and
to carry out a capitulationist policy sc as to turn tl'e beautiful land
over to th' enemy. This shows that the divergence between the Confucian
school represented by men of virtue and men of letters and the Legalist
school represented by Sang 1-!u.-ng-yang was not only one of how to deal with
the Hun invasions but also a fundamental one between two different
conceptions of war.
Chairman Mao teaches us: "War is the highest form of struggle for
resolving contradictions, when they have developed to a certain stage,
between classes, nations, states, or political groups, and it has existed
ever .-since the emergence of private property and of classes." Thus, war
accompanies the emergence of classes. At that time, the war between the
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Western Han dynasty and the Hun slave-owning nobles was precisely the
highest manifestation of the contradiction between classes. To be
sure, the Legalists more than two thousand years ago could not have
such a Marxist conception. of war. But, they observed that ever since
"the strong triumphed over the weak, and the many attacked the few"
in human society, the ruling class "applied axes at home and used
arr.ied soldiers abroad" (Lord Slan g, Plann ng) and war was made
inevitable. Consequently, thty advocated "using war to eliminate
war" and using one kind of armed force to wipe out the other kind of
arr,ied force. On the other. Land, the Crxifucians from the time of
Confucius advocated the absurd theory, "part with the food," "dispense
with the military equipment" and "in:ease confidence of the people
in their ruler," claiming that "those who are skillful to fight should
suffer the highest punishment" (The Works of Mencius, Li Lou, Part I).
These Confucian views were highly a se in c aracter. The reason
was that ever since the emergence of classes the dictatorship of any
class was always upheld by means of violence. As pointed out by
Sang clung-yang, even the "ancient kings" who, according to the
Confucians, would only say the proper worts and take effective actions,
"achieved success by means of wai' and "fulfilled filial piety by
punishing the guilty." For all their advocacy of "love and justice,"
the Confucians never practiced kindness and justice in dealing with the
slaves and laboring people, and they urged use of vie.A?~nce to suppress
the slaves and laboring people. "Dispense with food and military
equipment" and influence the enemy with morality--this was nothing but
deceptive talk to fool people, which could never be translated into
reality.
At the "Salt and Iron Conference," Sang Hung-yang, who inherited the
Chin Legalist conception of war, condemned the despicable intention
the men of virtue and men of letters had in "asking for clemency on
behalf of the people." Comparing the "body" to the "heart," Sang
I-fung-yang illustrated the relationship between the "frontiers" and the
"inland state", and said: "If one's skin is exposed to cold, it will
affect the internal organs." He expounded the theory that "without
the frontiers the inland state will suffer`', and affirmed the policy
of "mobilizing troops to drive away the Northern barbarian trip-s;
keep the brigands away and eliminating the disaster" and the r.ght-
eousness of waging a national self-defence war against the invL:Sions
of the Hun slave-owners. Sang Hung-yang pointed out: While Emperor
Wu of Han paid a certain price in waging the war of resistance, the
people inside and outside the Great Wall were saved from the rapacious
acts :Df the thin slave-owning nobles and conditions of peace were brought
about- -"herds were scattered far and wide and wealth was spread over the
fields"--which was fundamentally in the interests of the people and .,as
what the people wanted. Consequently, his "achievements -ere outstan' ag
and known in the whole country." Flaunting the wornout Lanner of
"asking for clemency on behalf of the people," men of virtue and
letters advocated "practicing virtue and giving favor" to the Hun slave-
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4
owners. This virtually meant abandoning the life and propriety of the
people and inviting the Hun slave-owning nobles to exploit and suppress
the laboring people of Western Han. Their so-called "virtue" anti
"favor" were the greatest cruelty so far as the people were concerned.
Lenin pointed out: History often knows of wars which, while like all
wars inevitably bringing with them various calamities, atrocities,
disasters and sufferings, were progressive wars. In other words, they
benefited the development of mankind and helped to destroy the particu-
larly harmful and reactionary institutions......" (Selected Works of
Lenin, Vol. II, p. 668) Wars will invariably cause destruction and loss
andcost a certain price. Nevertheless, if righteous war is not used
to eliminate unrighteous war, there will be brought about permanent
and greater destruction and loss. For this reason, we Marxists always
make a class analysis of wars and persist in using righteous, revolu-
tionary war to oppose unrighteous and anti-revolutionary war. To
dvocate capitulationism under the pretext that war will cause partial
destruction and loss is the greatest betrayal of the state and the
people.
History is a mirror. If we sum up the struggle of the Confucian and
Legalist schools of Western Han over the question of invasions by the
Hun slave-owners, we will discover that the ambitionist and conspirator
Lin Pico inherited not only the reactionary theory of Confucius and
Mencit:s but also their reactionary tactics in order tc "restrain self,
return to propriety" and restore capitalism. For example, did not Lin
Piao condemn the anti-revisionist struggle for "going to the extreme,"
vainly attempting to make us subordinate to Soviet revisionist social-
imperialism? Did not he, too, pretend to show "concern" for the
interests of the people and wave the banner of "asking for clemency on
behalf of the people" by way of opposing our preparations against war
of aggression? To ;:e sure, historical facts also prove that all
renegades and national traitors did not come to a good end, and Lin
Piao, who vainly attempted to betray the nation and go over to revisionism,
was no exception.
'I L\rTSIN UNIT MANIFESTS CaIBAT ROLE THROUGH LIN CRITICISM
Peking C1II1i11-FANG-CTIUN PAO 23 Nov 74 p 1
[Text] The theoretical study group of the second company of a certain
regiment of a military unit in Tientsin conscientiously studied the
works of Marx L_nd Lenin and Chairman Mao's works under the leadership
of the party branch, bringing its role as the theoretical backbone into
full play during the criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius movement. Below
are several aspects of their deeds of struggle.
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Studying (lard for the Sake of Struggle. Members of the theoretical
study group of the second company are eager to learn and make progress.
They said this: "For the sake of revolutionary struggle we would study
theory willingly even if it would mean going without food and sleep
and losing several pounds of weight."
Take Li Wci-ping, deputy head of the study group and deputy political
director, for example. Ever since he enlisted in the army in 1970, he
has been studying with an open mind and for a time he was rated as a
model reader. During the past year and more, he painstakingly studied
22 articles of Marxist-Leninist works to meet the Company's need to
criticize Lin and Confucius. He read through Selected Works of Mao
Tsetung twice and wrote notes totalling 260,000 c aracters.
In May this year the company once again criticized Lin Pirko's reactionary
program of following Confucius' "Restrain self, return to propriety."
With a view to deepening criticism theoretically, Li Wei-p'ing organized
the theoretical study group to study purposefully the Marxist-Leninist
works like "Ludwig Fuerbach and the End of German Classic Philosophy,"
"Materialism and IJnpirio-Criticism," and "The Proletarian Revolution
anc' the Renegade Kautsky" and Chairman Mao's writings. From these
writings were selection 18 quotations criticizing, restoration and
regression, and the reactionary program of ".restrain self, return to
propriety" was ref"ted from the basic viewpoint of Marxism. Applying
the theory that all things are developing and changing and that old
institutions are bound to be replaced by new institutions, they
illustrated "Restrain self, return to propriety" as moving against the
tide of history. From the viewpoint--the productive force determines
the i lat:Ions of production and the superstructure must correspond to
the economic base--they pointed out that "Restrain self, return to
propriety" ran counter to the development of productive force in the
era concerned. Applying the doctrine of classes and class struggle,
they explained that Lin Piao and Confuci..'s' demand for restoration of
the old institution was determined by their reactio:_ary class nature.
Thus, starting with theoretical s-cudy they raised their critical ability
and increased the effect of criticism.
Li Wei-p'ing and the theoretical study group of the 8th company studied
the revolutionary theory in the light of realities. They manifested
the revolutionary spirit of advancing in the teeth of difficulties
and keeping up the attack on the strongpoint. In July this year, the
Company criticized "Restrain self, return to propriety" in the "fifth
round." How to deepen the criticism further? At that time the company
was studying "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism." They
came to realize that this brilliant writing was not only a powerful
ideological weapon with which the world proletariat at the time of
writing triumphed over imperialism and all kinds of opportunism but
also a powerful ideological weapon with which we were triumphing over
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imperialism and revisionism. Li Wei-?p'hig and all comrades of the
study group studied hard and integrated their .,tudies with criticism
of Lin Piao's "Restrain self, return to propriety." Looking back
on the history of the two-line struggle during the international
communist movement, they came to realize that Lenin's discourse on
imperialism was applicable not only to capital imperialism but to
social-imperialism as well. Soviet revisionist social-imperialism
was buying up bourgeois agents and worker aristocrats here and there
and pushing an out-and-out revisionist line all over the world in
order to plunder other:. and dominate the world. As long as imperialism
and social-imperialism exist in the world, the revisionists of our
country will coordinate the reactionaries in the international arena
in their activities. Lin Piao, "super-spy" did everything in his power
to carry out his "Restrain self, return to propriety" program, vainly
attempting to seek the patronage of Suviet revisionist social-imperialism.
Through this analysis and criticism, they identified further the ultra-
Right essence of Lin Piao's revisionist line. Thus, each time the
Company criticized "Restrain self, return to propriety", new progress
was made and new knowledge was gained. Comrades said this: "Our
Company's theoretical study group is ahead of others in study and
reading and is charging ahead in criticizing Lin and Confucius."'
The Vanguard Is Leading the Way and Taking the Lead in Battle. Since
the beginning of this year, the theoretical study group of Company
No. 8 has written more than 100 articles criticizing Lin and Confucius
and lecture notes totalling 220,000 characters on the history of
Confucian-Legalist struggle. During mass criticism the study group
played their role as the vanguard in solving problems and removing
obstacles.
In mid-June, four members of the theoretical study group heard a report
delivered by the workers of the Tientsin station on the history of
Confucian-Legalist struggle. On return to their Company they heroically
marched to the position of history as a science, manifesting their
revolutionary spirit of advancing in the teeth of difficulties. As
they lacked data, they borrowed data from neighboring schools and the
Nank'ai University. As they did not understand ancient written
la,iguage, they sought instruction from the workers, teachers and students.
In the process of studying the history of Confucian-Legalist struggle
they keep deepening their comprehension of Chairman Mao's teaching--
"Use the past to serve the present". On the basis of writing the history
of Confucian-Legalist struggle, they put forward the focal points and
basic experience of the 2,000-year history of Confucian-Legalist struggle
as regards political line, ideological line, organizational line and
economic line. They wrote four special articles, centering on such
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questions as restoration versus counter-restoration, "Mandate of
Heaven" versus materialism, restriction versus liberation of productive
forces and linking up with the current criticism of Lin Piao?s counter-
revolutionary revisionist line.
Further, on the basis of criticizing Lin Piao's revisionist political
line, the theoretical study group criticized Lin Piao's bourgeois
military line. They came to realize that Lin Piao's revisionist line
found its expressions in each sphere, military affairs being an important
aspect. In August this year, the Company criticized Lin Piao's crime
of disrupting the Liaohsi-Shenyang Campaign. Chia Hsing-lin, member of
the theoretical study group studied over and over again many important
instructions issued by Chairman Mao during the campaign. Bearing in
mind the many crimes committed by Lin Piao in continuing to oppose
Chairman Mao's army-building line since the founding of new China, he
drew the conclusion that Lin Piao's opposition to Chairman Mao's wise
policy during the Liaohsi-Shenyang Campaign was not a fortuitous thing
but the result of consistently upholding his Right opportunist stand.
On the basis, comrades of the theoretical study group compared Confucians'
absurd military theories with Lin Piao's crime of undermining our army-
building, and conducted criticism. Analyzing "Direct military affairs
according to the rules of propriety," they criticized Lin Piao's crime
of opposing correct line education for the military units. Analyzing
"dispense with the military equipment and part with the food," they
criticized Lin Piao's crime of disrupting military training in his
attempt to do away with people's armed force. Analyzing "those relying
on virtue prosper while those relying on strength perish," they criticized
Lin Piao's crime of obliterating the character of war and opposing revolu-
tionary violence. Analyzing "small states should treat the big state as
the preceptor," they criticized Lin Piao's national betrayal and
capitulationism. Analyzing "the people may be made to follow a path of
action but they may not be made to understand it," they criticized Lin
Piao's crime of falsifying the history of our army and carrying out
an obscurantist policy. In this way, they could clearly see the inherent
connection between Lin Piao's bourgeois military line and the reactionary
Confucian-Mencian doctrine and find out its ideological root, thereby
giving an impetus to the ever-deepening development of the Company's revo-
lutionary mass criticism.
Offering Guidance Tirelessly. The Party branch gave the theoretical
study group the assignment of running a political evening school. They
took up this burden and conscientiously prepared lessons and gave
lectures. Since the beginning of this year, they have given all cadre
fighters of the company 17 guiding lessons, which were well received.
"Never let a single comrade-in-arm drop out in fighting"--su;:h was an
action slogan of the theoretical study group of the 8th company. They
came to realize that criticism of Lin and Confucius was a political
struggle and ideological struggle of Marxism against revisionism and
that in this struggle, to have one more combatant was to have more
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criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius strength. Some fighters, whose cul-
tural level was low, ran into difficulties while studying and conducting
criticism. The theoretical study group took up the teaching assign-
ment (teaching culture and politics) and wp.rmly helped them, presenting
them witi books and notebooks. Hsia Hsin-te, member of the theoretical
study group, guided comrades, whose cultural level was low, to study
the history of Confucian-Legalist struggle. To help them understand the
viewpoint that the masses of the people are the motive force in the
making of history, he told them the story of Ch'en Sheng and Wu Kuang who
led the peasant uprising and gave an impetus to progress of history.
To help them study the theory of proletarian dictatorship, he gave them
a popular account of the experience and lessons of failure of the Paris
Commune. Fighter Liu Chun-fu whose cultural level was low encountered
difficulties in studying and conducting ciriticism. Each time Hsia
Eisin-te offered him guidance in study, the fighter would tell him: "I
am too dull to learn culture." Hsia Hsin-te would patiently explain
to hhn the viewpoint that practice is primary, and encouraged him,
citing an inst1'nce where Li Chi-t'ien, an illiterate fighter of Tung
nationality studied hard, joined the theoretical study group and gave
guiding lessons to the whole company. This increased Liu Chun-fu's
courage and confidence. With Hsia Esin-te's patient help, Liu Chum-fu
was able to write letters to his family and a niunber of critical
articles in half a year after enlisting in the army.
In the 8th company, it was passed from mouth to mouth the story about
fighter Li Ch'i-tong of T'ung nationality who revised his critical
manuscripts five times. Li Ch'i-tung whose cultural level was not
high made great efforts before writing a few unconnected sentences
criticizing Lin Piao's "theory of genius." Chang Yung joined him
in studying Chairman Mao's "On Practice" and offered him concrete
guidance. Li. Ch'i-tung then wrote his second manuscript. Chang Yung
found that the manuscript did not touch the reactionary essence of
Lin Piao's "theory of genius." Thereupon, together with him Chang
Yung studied Marx and Engels' discourses on the "theory of genius."
It was brought home to Li Chu'i-rung that the "theory of genius"
advertised by the reactionary class "means in one word worshipping
genius." "The ultimate answer is: the noble, th,? virtuous and the
wise should rule." (Collected Works of Marx and gels, Vol. VII, p
307) The fourth manuscript was written, and Chang felt that the
point was well presented. He then guided Li Chili-tung to include in
the manuscript instances where he had mastered military technique and
rice transplanting technique through repeated practice. With these
instances added the new writing bE;,:ame more penetrating and life-like
than his previous manuscripts. This was the way comrades of the
theoretical study group painstakingly helped their comrades-in-arm
study and conduct criticism. With their help all the eleven fighters
with low cultural !pvel graduated from the "study class" and were able
to read books and newspapers and write articles. Some of them
subsequently became members of the Company's theoretical study group.
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The theoretical study group of the 8th company way good at developing
their guiding work in multiple forms. Chang Shu-ch'uan, member of the
? theoretical study group gave play to his ability to sing the West River
Drum Song; he presented a program to '-ear off Confucius' mask and
criticize "Teachings of Love and Justice." Some member of the study
group, who took charge of the blackboard bulletins, introduced history
of Confucian-Legalist struggle and other data on knowledge of history.
Some made small loudspeakers and during leisure hours broadcast important
articles from the central papers and journal and the ideological
comments written by fighters. These diversified guiding activities
were carried out to coordinate with the criticize-Lin, criticize-
Confucius movement from various sides.
Cultural Study Combined with Military Training. Comrades of the
theoretical study group of the 8th company not only studied culture
but also received military training. This year, the 19 members of the
study group have taken part in the second, third and fourth target
practice, and more than 60 percent of them were rated fine marksmen.
All of them had fine and good records of bayonet-fighting, tactical
exercise and horizontal bar exercise, and their average distance of
handgrenade-throwing was more than 46 meters. The masses called
them "all-round" fighters.
For a time, some comrades of the theoretical study group courageously
took the lead in reading and criticizing but lagged behind others in
military training. Commenting on this, the masses said that one of
literary ability but incapable of military work was like one lacking one
leg. Accepting this criticism, comrades of the theoretical study group
conscientiously studied "Imperialism, the Highest State of Capitalism,"
armed their minds with the view that imperialism is the root-cause of
war. They came to realize the need to fight a literary battle everyday
and to get ever prepared for armed struggle. They channeled their
revolutionary spirit aroused from study and criticism into intensified
training of ability to destroy the enemy. Despite that they spent much
time reading, finding data, writing articles and giving guidance in
study and often worked till mid-night, they never slackened training.
They tried to make up the time for training and raise the quality of
training. Cheg Shu-yuan, member of the study group and deputy leader
of the artillery squad mastered the aiming technique that was his duty
and, on this basis, resolved to acquire more fighting skills to meet the
need of counter-aggression war to come. He seized every opportunity to
practice command and loading, After a period of painstaking training
he soon mastered all-round technique of artillery. Later, he set a
still higher standard for himself: learning not only the technique of
artillery but the technique of infan ry as well. As a result of hard
training, he mastered the sub-machinegun firing technique. He had a
good record at target practice and threw handgrenades over a distance
of more than 50 meters. His bayonet-fighting technique was also good.
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Of the fear military training pace-setter3 in shooting, bayonet-fighting,
handgrenade-throwing and military physical culture set up by the Party
branch for the 8th company this year, three were members of the
theoretical study group.
No matter how heavy their assignments were, members of the theoretical
study group never demanded special consideration. During the regular
class hours they studied, drilled or worked together with others. During
after-class hours, they studied the works of Marx and Lenin and Chairman
Mao's works, studied history, wrote critical articles. At night they
took up sentry duties by turn as usual. Sometimes when their study hour
lasted a little longer, other comrades would quietly carry on sentry
duty for them or hand it over to the next shift. On the following day,
members of the study group would always try to make up the sentry duty.
They said: 111e will learn from Tientsin station workers and fisiaohsinchuang
poor and lower-middle peasants, and see that both study and production
are carried on without interruption." Such moving instances are too
numerous ;,o mention. Comrades praised them in these tens: "Comrades
of our Company's theoretical study group are vanguards of study and
criticism as well as model men of action."
EDITORIAL CALLS FOR MILITIA IMPROVEMENT
Canton MIN-PING SF NG-INO 15 Nov 74 pp 2-3
[Editorial: "Use Criticism of Lin Piao and Confucius as Motive Force
to Improve Militia Organizations"]
['Text] This year's work of improving the militia will soon be unfolded
in various localities under the momentum of the criticize-Lin, criticize-
Confucius movement. Armed departments at v2rious levels must use the
criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius movement as a motive force to carry
out this work seriously.
Chairman Mao instructs us: 'As regards the militia, the most important
task is organization, then politics and then military affairs' and 'First
of all, it is a matter of having or not having, then it is politics'.
Our annual militia improvement work is an effective measure guaranteeing
the implementation of militia organization. The militia is a tool of
proletarian dictatorship for the prevention of restoration and resistance
to aggression. Therefore, improvement is of great significance to the
strengthening of militia building and the consolidation of the dictatorship t
of the proletariat.
We must perservere in taking the line as the key link; vigorously
criticize the crimes of Lin Piao and his sworn followers of opposing the
organization of militia on a large scale, opposing the militia's
participation in social class struggle and attempting to turn the militia
into their tool for the restoration of capitalism that were aimed at
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umdccmdning militia building; elevate our understanding of the
significance of the work of improving the militia from the plane of the
? two-line struggle; do a good job in this task; promote the 'three
implementations' of militia work; enable the militia to 'come when it
is called, fight when it comes and win when it fights'; and make it
? ready to annihilate invading enemies at any moment.
'The line is the key link; once it is grasped, everything falls into
pla,-e.' All units must consider the process of reorganization as a
process of line education for the militia. We must organize the broad
masses of militiamen to seriously study Marxist-Leninist essays on the
arming of all the people, study Chairman Mao's thoughts on people's
war and lii: instructions on the 'three implementations' of militia work,
use Chairman Mao's military thought and military line as weapon to
penetratingly criticize Lin Piao's bourgeois military line and condemn
his crime of undermining militia t~iilding, so as to enable the broad
masses of militiamen to understand more clearly the significance of
stepping up militia building under the dictatorship of the proletariat,
raise their awareness of organizing militia on a large scale and
organizing militia well and urge t;ie people to join the militia
enthusiastically and serve as good militiamen.
All units must also organize the militiamen in coordination with the
year-end summing up to seriously sum up experiences and lessons acquired
by the unit in the struggle between the two lines in militia building, to
sum up militia work during the year, and particularly to sum up and
popularize the experience of advanc;.d units that have thoroughly carried
out Chairman Mao's instructions on the 'three implemenations' of militia
':ork or have played the role of assault in class struggle or in movements
to 'learn from Tach'ing in industrial production' and 'learn from Tachai
in agricultural production' so as to set example , better enhance their
achievements, reform and build up the militia according to Chairman
Mao's proletarian revolutionary line.
The principal emphasis of this re-organization is on the reorganization
of the combat backbone of the militia. During peacetime this combat
backbone of the militia is the backbone force for maintaining security
in society, consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat, defending
important targets and carrying out contingent tasks. During wartime,
this combat backbone of the militia becomes the backbone for fighting
the enemy and mobilization.
Armed departments at various levels must realistically grasp the work of
improving the combat backbone of the militia well on the basis of
extensively improving militia organizations, mobilizing the masses to do
a good job in ideological and political education, summing up work,
transferring men, selecting cadres and perfecting systems etc. We
must first of all carry out well the plans for organizing (expanding)
the various organizations of the combat backbone of the militia on the
basis of the existing combat backbone according to instructions from
the upper level and the conditions of armament in the unit. We must take
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the overall situation into consideration, make reasonable arrangements
and carry out improvement according to the plans.
In cities, which are political, economic and cultural centers where
the working class concentrate, we must seriously learn from Shanghai's
fresh experience in militia work, extensively improve militia organ-
izations and build up a militia with industrial workers as the principal
component. In coastal and border areas we must pay attention to
improving the fishermen's militia and border militia to prepare
ourselves to struggle against the enemy. People's armed departments at
various levels must strengthen their leadership over the work of
improving the militia in close coordination with local central tasks
ui;der the centralized leadership of the local Party committees. The
PEOPLE'S DAILY, RED FLAG, and CHIEH-FANG-CIIUN PAO pointed out in their
National Day editorial: 'We must learn to handle all problems from
the dialectical approach of one dividing into two and earnestly carry
out the proletarian policies laid down by ,hairman Mao, strictl;
distinguish between the t!"?.) different types of contradictions and
handle them correctly, unite over 95 percent of the cadres and masses.'
We must seriously implement this spirit in improving the militia
and grasp these links well in the course of work: We must penetrate
deeply into actualities, conduct investigation and study to understand
the problems existing in militia organizations, acquire experience
at experimental points and devise ways to solve the problems. We
must step up inspection and guidance as well as promptly sum up and
exchange experience. We must organize the forces and use various
ways to inspect the work to insure the quality of re-organization.
At present the movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius is developing
for and extensively, penetratingly and persistently. The great
revolutionary unity of the whole party, the whole army and people of the
whole country is being incessantly strengthened. The situation is
excellent. We must grasp this excellent opportunity and do a good job
in improving the militia under the leadership of local Party committees
at various levels by relying upon the broad masses of cadres of
professional armed units and militia cadres and by relying upon the board
masses of militiamen and people, and make a contribution to the develop-
ment of the excellent situation and to the stepping up of preparation
against war.
LIN PIAO CRI'T'ICIZED FOR OPPOSING MILITIA BUILDING
Canton ,MIN-FING SITL?NG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 11-1.4
[Excerpts] Standing on the side of the reactionary landlords and the
bourgeoisie, Lin Piao, a bourgeois careerist, conspirator, courter-
revolutionary double-dealer, renegade and traitor, stubbornly pushed
forward his bourgeois military line and spared no efforts to oppose
Chairman Mao's thought of people's war, oppose the militia system,
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oppose the stepping up of militia building in the course of class
struggle, attempted to alter the character and tasks of the militia
and turn the militia into a tool for him to restore capitalism. We
must thoroughly condemn Lin Piao's crime of opposing the militia's
participation in social class struggle and undermining militia
building.
Lin Pi.ao's Opposition to the Militia's Participation in Social Class
Struggle Is for iJndcrming the dictatorship of the Proletariat:-
In 1960 when the imperialists, revisionist and reactionaries abroad
joined forces to frenziedly oppose China and a small handful of class
,anemies at home were also waiting for a r'-.ance to act, Lin Piao even
openly clamored that 'central tasks' fo.? the militia at present were
to engage in production 'with all its might'. In the meantime, Lin
P_ao and his sworn followers also wantonly attached participation in
social class struggle by the militia, saying absurdly that this was
creating 'many centers of dictatorship' and 'with ulterior motives'.
It was extremely fanatic of them to openly undermine the dictatorship
of the proletariat."
The militia is an important component part of the armed strength of our
country and a tool for the dictatorship of the proletariat. Organ-
ization of the militia under the centralized leadership of local Party
connnittees to take part in social class struggle, including class
struggle in the spheres of ideology, politics, ecoiv my and culture,
is an important way for practicing dictatorship of t~_e masses as well
as an important measure for preventing the restoration of capitalism.
The broad masses of militiamen are workers, poor and lower-middle peasants
and laboring people who have a firm standpoint and clear-cut likes and
dislikes. 't'hey are well organized anC spread out in various
localities and different trades. They are familiar with local social
conditions as well as with the activities of the class enemy. The
militia's participation in social class struggle can help to strike at
the sabotage activities of the class enemy effectively and to carry
out the task of consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat at
the basic level.
During the 20-odd years since the founding of the repL5lic, the broad
masses of militiamen played an important role in supervising elements
of the five categories, maintaining security in society, guarding
factories, mines, bridges, railroads and warehouses and protecting
industrial and agricultural production. Beginning from last year,
various localities learned from Shanghai's fresh experience in militia
work and positively organized the militia and sent it deep into the
neighborhoods of the society to grasp class struggle energetically.
They pr)..erful.ly struck at the sabotage activities of the class enemy,
maintaineu revolutionary order in cities and made contributions to
the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
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Lin Piao and his sworn followers stipulated production to be the 'central
task' of the militia and maliciously condemned the militia's parti-
pation in social class struggle as practicing 'nwany centers of dictator-
ship' and 'with ulterior motives'. On the surface they seemed to be
very interested in production. But in reality they only attempted to
slacken the fighting spirit of the militia, take away their revolution-
ary vigilance and lead them onto the erroneous road where they become
absorbed only in production without paying any attention to important
matters of state."
Lin Piao's Opposition to the Militia's Participation in Social Class
Struggle Is for Undermining Preparations against Wars of Aggression:-
In 1970 when militiamen in our country were responding to Chairman
Mao's great call 'Be prepared against war, be prepared against natural
disasters and Jo everything for the people', postively taking part
in social class struggle and making further preparations against
aggression by imperialism, especially Soviet revisionist social
imperialism, Lin Piao and his sworn followers frenziedly clamored that
the militia was 'outdated' and 'useless'. They said absurc:i;,: 'what
is the use of having so many militia organizations?' and threatened
to 're-appraise, re-experiment and re-practice' militia work. Thus
they not only negated the strategic position of the militia, but also
fundamentally negated the necessity for the militia to take part in
social class struggle and make preparations against wars of aggression."
In the self-defensive counter-attack on the lisisia Islands in January
this year, militiamen on fisisha closely coordinated and united themselves
with the combat units. They fought together heroically, smashed the
armed attacks of the Saigon authorities in South Vietnam, upheld the
dignity of the fatherland and defended our sacred territories."
Lin Piao and his sworn followers' opposition to the militia's
participation in social class struggle and their undermining of the
preparations against wars of aggression were inseparable from their
capitulation to Soviet revisionist social imperialism and their wicked
anti-Connnunist and counter- revolutionary plots."
At the very moment when Soviet revisionist social imperialism was
threatening to invade us, Lin Piao and his sworn followers condemned
the militia by saying 'what is the use of having so many militia
organizations?', threatened to 're-appraise, re-experiement and re-
practice'mil.itia work, and tried all they could to negate the position
and role of the militia. Their wicked aim was to disarm our people
in the face of Soviet revisionist social imperialism aggression and
turn our country into a colony of the Soviet revisionists. This
proves that Lin Piao and his sworn followers were out and out renegades
and traitors.
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Lin Piao's Opposition to the Militia's Participation in Social Class
Struggle Is for Fundamentally Undermining Militia Building:-
To prevent the militia from taking part in social class struggle, Lin
Piau tried all he could to peddle among the militiamen his black trash
of 'four-goods.' He said absurdly: 'In our work we must proceed from
four-goods.' His sworn followers also clamored: 'We must practice
four-goods amang the militiamen'. Here they vainly attempted to use
'four-goods as the key link' to replace the basic line of the Party as the
key link and oppose militia reform and militia building along Chairman
Mao's revolutionary line."
Lin Piao opposed the militia's participation in social class struggle;
because he wanted to turn the militia into a tool for his subversion
of the dictatorship of the proletariat and his restoration of capitalism.
We must bear firmly in mind the basic line of the Party, seriously imple-
ment Chairman Mao's thought on people's war and his instructions
'organize contingents of the people's militia on a large scale,'
extensively, penetratingly and persistently develop the movement to
criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, seriously learn from Shanghai's
experience in militia work, do a giod job in militia building and make
still greater contributions to the consolidation of the dictatorship of
the proletariat!"
Lin Piao, Followers Repudiated
Canton MIN-PING SIIENG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 15-16
[Excerpts] In August l9/0 Lin Piao instructed his sworn followers to
peddle his reactionary fallacy of 're-appraising, re-experimenting and
re-practicing' militia work in an attempt to categorically negate
Chairman Mao's theory, line, guideline and policy of organizing
contingents of the people's militia on a large scale and conducting
people's war. This is another grave crime of the Lin Piao anti-Party
cliq.ie designed to carry out its wicked plot of subverting the
dictatorship of the proletariat and restoring capitalism, which we
mu!-;t penetratingly expose and condemn."
I.;n Piao and his sworn followers frenzi,-dly clamored about 're-appraising,
re-experimenting and re-practicing' militia work because they wanted
to eliminate the militia system of our country, change the character
of the militia of our country, seize the gun barrel which Chairman Mao
handed over to us laboring people, rearm the landlords, rich peasants,
counter-revolutionaries, had elements, rightists and all freaks and
demons already over-thro'vn by us, coordinate with Soviet revisionist
social imperialism to restore capitalism in China and make us laboring
people suffer again."
As long ago as during the Second Revolutionary Civil War Period, Lin
Piao tried all he could to oppose Chairman Mao's instructions to arm
the workers and peasants, refused to send the Red Army to propagandize,
organize the arm the masses, lost faith in the future of the revolution
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and was doubtful about 'how long the red flag cculd last'.
During the Period of the War of Resistance Against Japan when Chairman
Mao issued a call to 'arm the people and develop guerrilla warfare
against Japan', Lin Piao frenziedly advocated 'concentrating several
dozen aircraft and several hundred cannon to fight so-called 'regular'
warfare. At that time he was unwilling to assign troops to mobilize
and arm the masses.
In :,hort, as long as there is a large militia armed with Mao Tsetung
'fhou.;jht, it will be totally impossible for Lin Piao and company to
subv::rt the dictatorship of the proletariat, restore capitalism or
establish a fascist dynasty of the Lin family. Therefore, they frenziedly
tried to discredit the role of the militia in our country, abolish the
militia system and disband our militia organizations so that they could
smoothly restore capitalism. But this can only be Lin Piao and company's
wishful day-dreaming."
Canton MIN-PING SI-LNG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 16-18
[Exc;rpts] "Lin Piao did all he could to attack the militia as 'useless'
and 'more harmful than 'iseful', frenziedly clamored for abolishing the
militia system. This is by no means accidental. It is a massive
exposure of Lin Piao's ambitious attempt to subvert the dictatorship
of the proletariat and restore capitalism. This bad egg Lin Piao knew
that if the broad masses of laboring people who were oppressed and
exploited in the pr.st got hold of the gun barrel, he would never be ,.tble
to 'liberate' the landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries,
bad elements and rightists; that with a strcng armed militia fighting
side by side with the PLA to defend our red territories, he would never
be able to make use of the 'nuclear umbrella' of the Soviet revisionists
to invite social imperialism into our country; and that with large
militia units distributed throughout the cities and rural areas in the
country to carry out patrolling missions and spread out as wide net,
there would be nothing that his large and small 'fleets' and the freaks
and demons could do.
During the Period of War of Liberation, Lin Piao even more strongly
opposed Chairman Mao's instructions on building strong bases in the
Northeast, vainly attempted to occupy big cities at the very beginning
and was totally unwilling to go to the country-side to mobilize and
arm the masses. Furthermore, he even ordered a large-scale absorption
and rearming of traitors, secret agents, landlords' armed units and
puppet Manchuriar, police of the Japanese-puppet period. As a result, as
soon as the Kuomintang launched the attack, these reactionaries trans-
formed themselves overnight into Kuomintang 'vanguards', 'advanced units'
and 'mountain eagles,' constituting a grave menace to the development of
the people's armed strength and to the building .f bases."
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Practice of revolutionary struggle taught us: As regards Chaii.nan Mao's
series of theories, lines, guidelines and policies on organizing militia
on a large scale, instead of 're-appraising' we should study incessantly
to deepen our unders'.anding, instead of 're-experimenting' we should
resolutely implement tii%;-' instead of 're-practicing' we should resolutely
implement them instead of 're-practicing' we should Truly carry them
out through serious practice.
Canton MIN-PING SHENG-HUO 15 Dec 74 pp 18-19
[Excerpts] Erh-t'ang is the site of the government of Lin-kuei county,
Kwangsi Autonomous Region, located near Kweilin. Since our place is
along the Hunan-Kwangsi Railroad with numerous travellers passing
through, the situation is complicated and the class enemy's activities
relatively rampant.
In June after learning from the fresh experience of the militia in
Shanghai, we formed a militia sub-detachment in Erh-t'ang. Without
staying away from production and without letting their study be affected,
militiamen of the sub-detachment took turns to post sentry and carry
out patrol missions to maintain security in society and defend office
buildings, fact( _ies, mines, warehouses, bridges and railroads in
Erh- t' ang .
In the meantime, we also actively took part in the criticism of Lin
Piao and Confucius in the factories, min's and neighborhoods, took
the initiative to criticize the bourgeois.:e, criticize revisionism,
criticize ideologies of all the exploiting classes and educate the
children and young people. Since the masses were penetratingly mobilized,
within only a few months' time we aroke many cases of theft, railroad
sabotage, investigated and captured a group of counter-revolutionary
elements that sabotages socialist revolution and socialist construction
and a group of bad elements who were creating disturbances in society,
safeguarded the lives and properties of the state and people, smashed
the sabotage activities of the class enemy, and played an active role
in maintaining security in society and reducing the number of criminal
offenses and traffic accidents in Erh-t'ang. This demonstrated the
usefulness of the militia's participation in social class struggle.
Assists PLA in Patrol Duties
Canton MIN-PING SHENG-HUO 15 Dec 74 p 24
[Excerpts] One f;vening on Nan-ao Island [off the coast near Swatow]
when an extraordinary high tide was about to come, a commune there
mobilized its militia units, including a women's artillery company
of a production brigade, to help a nearby military unit to evacuate
ammunition stored in a tunnel near the sea.
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Since the topogr.y of the port is complicated, PLA and ;nt'litia
patrol groups jointly set up liaison signals and patrol regulations.
At night wind is strong, waves are big and the paths are &iZicult
to walk, so the militiamen and PLA fighters patrol the port and
beaches together vigilantly.
"One early morning, when militia platoon leader Tsai Chang-kuang
was leading his men to patrol the port north of the village, they
discovered a wooden vessel at anochor near the beach. Immediately
they hid themselves nearby to make observation. They discovered
that the people on board did not look like fishermen and were acting
suspiciously, so they stepped up their surveillance. Soon they saw
a man carrying something on board f"om the beach and the people in
the vessel also stealthily helped him. As they did not look 1-'..e
honest people, the militiamen immediately went to question them. It
was discovered that they were attempting to escape. So the militiamen
arrested them then and there and sent them to the public security
department.
LIN PIAO, FOLLOWERS CRITICIZED FOR RESTORATION PLOTS
Canton MIN-PING SIIENG-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 10-12
[Article: "Grasp Key Problems, Thoroughly Criticize and Expose Lin
Piao" by correspondence team of Hunan Provincial Post and Telecom-
munications Bureau]
[Tex.] In the movement to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, the
Party committee of the Chang-sha TeIecommusi`.rations Bureau, Hunan
Province, and its militia battalion guided the militiamen in the
criticism of the reactionary program of "restrain self, return to
propriety" of Lin Piao and Confucius by linking the criticism closely
with the actualities of the class struggle and two-line struggle in
the province and this department. This enabled the broad masses of
militiamen to understand more clearly the ultra-Right essence of Lin
Piao's counter-revolutionary revisionist line and raised their awareness
in class struggle, line struggle and in continuing the revolution
under the dictatorship of the proletariat. The following is a description
of how they carried out. their criticism:
1. Exposing the Crimes of the Lin Piao Anti-Party Clique's
Conspirators Who Took Part in Lin Piao's Armed Counter-Revolutionary
Coup d'etat and Understanding More Clearly the Ultra-Right Essence
Of Lin Piao's Counter-Revolutionary Revisionist Line of "Restrain
Self, Return to Propriety." Under the leadership of the Party
committee of the bureau and the militia battalion, militiamen of the
Chang-sha Telecommunications Bureau thoroughly exposed the crimes
committed by the Lin Piao anti-Party clique and its conspirators in
this telecommunications department, so as to deepen the criticize-Lin,
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criticize-Confucius movement. On 10 September 1971, three days before
the "September 13" Incident, conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party
clique commandeered a long-distance line for as long as five days under
the pretext that it was needed for a "reading class" for leading cadres.
During those five days, conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party
clique forcibly enforced as many as eight inspections and testings of
the line by militiamen. During the day before and the day after
the "September 13" Incident alone, six inspections were made lest the
line should break down. On `)e basis of these indisputable facts,
the Party committee of the telecommunications bureau and the militia
battalion led the militiamen to analyze the above crimes of the
conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique by linking them with the
entire counter-revolutionary criminal plot of the Lin Piao anti-Party
clique. This enabled everybody to see clearly that the criminal
activities of the conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique in
this telecommunications department were a component part of Lin Piao's
plan for an armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat-- the "Outline of
Project '571'." Commandeering the special line for a reading class
was only a pretext, their real criminal objective was to coordinate
with Lin Piao's armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat--attempting to
use the special telephone line to receive Lin Piao's black order
promptly so that he could flee to Canton, set up another "Center"
and exercise feudalist sovereign powers in Kwangtung.
On the basis of these facts, the Party committee of the Ch'ang-sha
Telecommunications Bureau and the militia battalion further organized
the broad masses of militiamen to use the method of reviewing,
comparing and discussing histories of emancipation and growth to grasp
the crimes of the conspirators of t1-,,,e Lin Piao anti-Party clique of
commandeering the special line and actively participating in Lin Piao's
armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat and to vigorously criticize
Lin Piao's counter-revolutionary revisionist line of "restrain self,
return to propriety." The militiamen said that great leader Chairman
Mao is the great savior of the broad masses o' laboring people. Only
socialism can save China. The basic line of the Party for the
historical period of socialism is the lifeline of the revolutionary
people. The dictatorship of the proletariat is the magic weapon of the
revolutionary people. It is extremely vicious and reactionary of Lin
Piao and company to follow Confucius' "restrain self, return to
propriety," to stage an armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat, to
insanely attempt to murder great leader Chai,-man Mao, to alter the basic
line of the Party, to subvert the dictatorship of the proletariat and
to restore capitalism. Should the plots of the Lin Piao anti-Party
clique be allowed to succeed, our Marxist-Leninist party would become
a revisionist party and a fascist party, our socialist country would
change color and become a colony of Soviet revisionist social-imperialism.
The dictatorship of the proletariat would become a dictatorship of tihl
landlord-bourgeoisie. The landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolution-
aries, bad elements and rightists would come back and the laboring
people would have to return to the abyss of sufferi,tg of the old society.
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Militiaman Hsu Chin-sheng painfully recalled his own family history
and said indignantly: "How the thought of the old society arouses
my extreme hatred! At that time, my father worked for a capitalist
and ry mother was a servant in a capitalist family, working and being
oppressed like beasts, while our entire family was struggling on
the verge of death. In 1932 alone, my fifth and sixth elder brothers
and my fourth elder sister died of excessive suffering. In 1937
my third elder sister also left this world because she did not have
money to cure her illness. At the age of 14, I served as an apprentice
in a dye-works. In winter the skin of my feet was frozen to the point
of cracking; although blood was oozing from the wounds, I still had to
go down to the dye tank. My suffering was unbearable and hatred
unrequited. Thanks to the Communist Party and Chairman Mao, together
with all the laboring people in the country, I was emancipated after
the liberation. We became masters of our own fate and have since been
leading a happy life. But conspirators of Lin Piao's anti-Party clique
extended their black hands into our telecommunications department,
commandeered our special line, participated in Lin Piao's armed cou,`*er-
revolutionary coup d'etat, attempted to restore capitalism and turn
the wheel of history backward. But we militiamen will never permit
such things to happen! At present, we must seriously study the history
of the struggle between the Confucians and Legalists, thoroughly expose
and condemn the counter-revolutionary crimes of the Lin Piao anti-
Party clique and its conspirators, thoroughly criticize Lin Piao's
reactionary program of "restrain self, return to propriety," defend
the lictatorshi.p of the proletariat with combat and preserve the color
of our red fatherland forever!"
2. Combining the Criticism of the Crimes of the Lin Piao Anti-
Pkirty Clique and Its Conspirators with the Criticism of the Class
Enemy's L-abotage Activities in the Telecommunications Department so
as to Raise Everybody's Awareness in Implementing the Party's basic
line. During the militiamen's exposure and criticism of the Lin Piao
anti-Party clique conspirators' extending of their black hands into
this teleconunu-iications department, their commandeering of a special
line and their participation in Lin Piao's armed counter-revolutionary
coup d'etat, they criticized the Lin Piao anti-Party clique's counter-
revolutionary plots in the "Outline of Project 15711" to occupy
telecommunications oureaus and control the tools of teleconuiiunication
as well as condemned the criminal act of one of the counter-revolutionary
elements in this unit who attempted to sabotage teleconmrunications work.
Exposure and criticism enabled everybody to see even more clearly that
telecommunication is one of the important tools for class struggle.
In China the proletariat wants to make telecummunication serve the
consolidation of the dictatorship of the proletariat, whereas the
bourgeoisie, all exploiting classes and their representatives always
try to sabotage the tools of telecommunication or use it to serve their
aim of counter-revolutionary restoration.
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An Wen-ko. a militia platoon leader, and T'an Shac-te, a militiaman,
said: "The Lin Piao anti-Party clique has collapsed, but the class
it represented is still here. The reactionary class sill never be
willing to accept its fate of destruction, it is bound to struggle
for its life. We telecommunications militiamen must maintain our
? revolutionary vigilance, bear firmly in mind the basic line of the
Party, never forget class struggle and make telecommunications serve
proletarian politics." All militiamen in the bureau indicated that
they will persevere in grasping revolution and promoting production
under the guidance of the basic line of the Party, conscientiously
perform their jobs well, strive to elevate the quality of communication,
stand sentinel well for the sake of defending Chairman Mao's
revolutionary line and of consolidating the dictatorship of the
proletariat, and thoroughly smash the criminal plots of all class
enemies to bring about restoration and regression!
Consolidating Proletarian Dictatorship
Canton MIN-PING SHENG-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 12-13
[Article by the Headquarters of Fo-shan Military Subdistrict]
[Text] In the penetrating development of the movement to criticize
Lin Piao and Confucius, the training class for cadres of specialized
armed units and commanders of militia battalions in Nanhai County,
Kwangtung Province, used the basic line of the Party as guidance to
penetratingly expose the Lin Piao anti-Party clique's crime of attempting
to use the militia is a "borrowed force" to set up another "Center"
and exercise feudalist sovereign powers, by closely linking their
exposure with the actualities in class struggle and line struggle. This
greatly raised the awareness or organizing the militia on a large
scale for the sake of consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat.
During the training, all cadres of specialized armed units and militia
cadres indignantly cited may factual cases to expose and condemn the
Lin Piao ar,-.i-Party clique's towering crimes of attempting to turn
the militia into a "borrowed force" to be used for their counter-
revolutionary restoration. The commander of the militia battalion of
Hengkang Production Brigade said indignantly: "The Lin Piao anti-Party
clique and its conspirators not only shamelessly flattered renegade-
traitor Lin Piao but also flattered the fascist son of Lin Piao in a big
way. They tried to sell the so-called "Discussion and Application
Report" of the fascist son of Lin Piao and fcrced the cadres and militia-
men to study it. They shamelessly called the fascist son of Lin Piao
"the genius of the entire Army" and "the most ideal successor." They
also posted reactionary slogans urging everybody to "learn from" and
"salute" the fascist son of Lin Piao so as to create counter-revolution-
ary public opinion and pave the way for Lin Piao to flee southward to
Canton to set up another "Center" in Kwangtung and establish a
feudalist fascist dynasty of Lin Piao and his son.
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The cadres of specialized armed units and militia cadres pointed out
that the conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique not only
tried to create counter-revolutionary public opinion in a big way but
also used the pretext of "construction of war preparedness projects"
to survey topographical features and collect intelligence everywhere
in. an attempt to set up counter revolutionary black bases. One of
the cadres of an armed unit of a commune said that the conspirators
of the Lin I'iao anti-Party clique, under the b-inner of "construction
of war preparedness projects," constructed a counter-revolutionary
black base at a certain place where they forcibly took over 20 mou
of arable land and several mounds as well as conscripted 26,000-odd
militiamen. In the course of construction the fascist son of Lin
Piao and his conspirators repeatedly sneaked in to "inspect" the
site under the name of "leaders of the Center." Before the "inspection"
they forcibly levelled the agricultural crops on both sides of the
highway under the pretext of "security". To "speed up" and complete
the construction of the black base "ahead of schedule," they forced
the militiamen to work under conditions of intense heat, severe cold
and adverse weather. They scolded and even beat the militiamen as
they pleased and played every fascist trick under the sun.
In the course of exposure and criticism, one of the cadres of an armed
unit in a commune pointed out indignantly: "The fascist son of Lin
Piao personally brought his conspirators along and used various mean
tricks to usurp the authority of leadership of the militia and maliciously
altered the plan for joint military-civilian defense. In July 1971
they used the pretext that the situation of war preparedness was urgent
to alter the organization of joint-defense militia, designated new
locations of assembly and new liaison signals and openly declared
that they had the authority to "command the militia directly" without
going through departments in charge of militia. During military
exercises, they put us militia cadres aside and deprived us of our
authority to command the militia." In June and July 1971, under the
pretext of "social investigation," they inspected the file of a
production brigade containing the names of Party members, (1'L members,
cadres of production brigades and production teams, and elements of the
five categories as well as examined the conditions of granaries and
wells. In August they sketched the principal topographical features of
another production brigade and took the sketch with them. They even
sent people to the armed unit of the commune to forcibly inspect the
mil"tia file. They selected a group of militiamen from two production
brigades and took them away from their production posts to engage in
full-time study of Lin Piao's "strategy read tactics." This group was
not disbanded until after Lin Piao's self-destruction on September 13.
Thus it can be seen that the aim of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique's
conspirators who frenziedly attempted to seize authority to command
the militia was to turn the militia into their tool of subverting
the dictatorship of the proletariat and restoring capitalism. This
is indeed reactionary to the extreme!
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Cadres of specialized armed units and militia cadres of the training
class pointed out unanimously: The militia is an armed organization
of the masses personally created, led and commanded by our great
leader Chairman Mao. In past revolutionary wars, the militia fought
in coordination with the people's army and made great contributions.
In socialist revolution and construction, the militia developed its
role as a military organization, labor organization, educational
organization and athletic organization and made new contributions to
the consolidation of the dictatorship of the proleta l c. However,
to achieve the criminal aim of subverting the dictatorship of the
proletariat and restore capitalism, the Lin Piao anti-Party clique
frenziedly opposed Chairman Mao's thought on people's war, did all
they could to undermine militia building and clamored about "relearning
and taking a new approach to militia in an attempt to negate Chairman
Mao's series of guidelines and policies to step up militia building.
In the meantime, conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique also
did all they could in an attempt to seize the authority to command
the militia and turn it into a "borrowed force" to carry out Lin Piao's
plot of fleeing southward to Canton to establish another "Center" and
exercise feudalist sovereign powers. But we the broad masses of militia-
men who are armed with Marxism-Leninism and Mao Tsetung Thought will
never allow this to happen! We are determined to place ourselves under
the leadership of the Party, "read and study seriously and have a good
grasp of Marxism," actively take part in the struggle to criticize Lin
Piao and Confucius, thoroughly expose and vigorously condemn the counter-
revolutionary crimes of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique and its
conspirators, do a better job in the "three implementations" of militia
work and fight heroically for the consolidation of the dictatorship of
the proletariat!
Criticizing Fallacies
Canton MIN-PING SIIENG-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 14-15
[Summary] The militia battalion of huei-liang Production Brigade in
Ping-kuo County, Kwangsi Autonomous Region, recently organized a special-
topic criticism meeting to expose and criticize the counter-revolution-
ary crimes of Lin Piao's anti-Party clique. At the meeting, the
commander of the militia battalion said: "In May 1971 wizen we vigorously
grasped class struggle and repelled the attack of a small handful
of class enemies, conspirators of Lin Piao's anti-Party clique viciously
condemned us for having 'gone overboard' against the landlords, rich
peasants, counter-revolutionaries and bad elements and admonished us
to be more lenient to them. They said 'struggle makes enemies but harmory
makes friends' therefore we should 'remold them through fraternization."'
Upon hearing the conmmander's talk, an old militiamen said: "Our
experience in class struggle taught us that we must never 'remold th_m
through fraternization,' the only way to remold them is by exercising
proletarian dictatorship over them." Another militiamen said
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indignantly: "Lin Piao's anti-Party clique peddled 'harmony is
priceless' and 'struggle makes enemies but harmony makes friends'
because it wanted us to lay down our weapons so that they could
smoothly subvert the dictatorship of the proletariat and restore
capitalism."
The militiamen indicated unanimously that they will bear the Party's
basic line in mind, persevere in the Marxist philosophy of struggle,
penetratingly criticize Lin Piao's counter-revolutionary revisionist
line, repudiate the Confucian-Mencian doctrine which Lin Piao used as
a reactionary weapon for usurping the Party, seizing power and
restoring capitalism, do a good job in the 'three implementations' of
militia work, incessantly strengthen the dictatorship of the proletariat
and thoroughly smash the criminal plots of Lin Piao's anti-Party clique
and its conspirators.
Creating Courterrevolution~~r/ Public Opinions
Canton MIN-PING SHENG-HUO 15 Aug 74 p 15
[Text] Militiamen of a printing press in a certain locality in Kwangtung
Province exposed and condemned with extremely great proletarian
indignation, the towering crimes of the conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-
Party clique of instructing the printing press to reproduce the little
black book "Lire Piao During the Period of War of Liberation of the
Northeast" so as to create counter-revolutionary public opinion for Lip.
Piao to usurp Party authority and seize powc,.
In June 1971 conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique Sorg people
to sneak into a printing press in a certain locality in Kwangturig
Province. They advertised in a big way that the little black book "Lin
Piao During the Period of War of Liberation of the Northeast" was the
best book of "three loyal" and "four unlimited" and forced the printing
press. to fulfill the task of pricing it at the highest speed and with
the best quality. They also wanted the cover of this little black book
to be "glazed and embossed with gold" so that it would look "artistic
and colorful." As if they were not yet satisfied with such an arrange-
ment, later they dispatched a special staff to the printing press to
supervise the printing of this little black book. lCen they heard the
comrades of the printing press say the task was very difficult, they
repeatedly shouted: "The job must be done well no matter how difficult
it is." They further ordered the rrinting press to put aside the
urgent task of textbook printing and to speed up the printing of the
little black book by working 24 hours a day.
In the criticism, the militiamen pointed out that to create public
opinion for usurping Party authority and seizing power, the Lin Pian
anti-Party clique frenziedly flattered Lin Piao for a long period of
time. They wantonly altered history to eulogize Lin Liao and his son.
In their plan for an armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat entitled:
('ON i'IiDEN'rIAL
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"Outline of Project '5711" the Lin Piao anti-Party clique clamored
about "grasping the tool of public opinion and unfolding a political
offensive." And this little black book "Lin Piao During the Period of
War of Liberation of the Northeast" was a black "cannon ball" for
unfolding their "political offensive."
Everybody pointed out incisively that conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-
Party clique rushed the printing of this little black book "Lin Piao
During the Period of War of Liberation of the Northeast" at the crucial
moment when the Lin Piao anti-Party clique was busily preparing to
"speed up" the execution of its plan for an armed counter-revolutionary
coup d'etat "ahead of schedule," fully exposed their criminal intention
to create public opinion to pave the way for Lin Piao to flee southward
to Canton to establish another "Center", usurp the supreme power of
the Party and the State, before the Lin Piao anti-Party clique fired
the first shot in its armed counter-revolutionary coup d'etat.
Penetrating exposure and vigorous condemnation of the crime of the
conspirators of the Lin Piao anti-Party clique of reproducing the little
black book to create public opinion for Lin Piao's restoration plot
strengthened the concept of line st-,,-uggle of the militiamen of the
printing press in a certain locality in Kwangtung Province, and raised
their awareness of grasping revolution and promotion production. Now
they are enthusiastically printing revolutionary books. Recently they
rushed the printing of a batch of materials for criticizing Lin Piao
and Confucius, thus effectively supporting the broad masses of workers,
peasants and soldiers in their struggle to criticize Lin Piao and
Confucius.
KWANGSI RUBBER PLANT STRENGTHENS ITS MILITIA
Canton MIN-PING S!-IENG-HUO 1S Nov 74 pp 4-5
[Text] The Nanning Rubber plant conducted its annual improvement of the
militia under the excellent situat.:,m of extensive, penetrating and
persistent forward development of thL,;-.z cent to criticize Lin Piao
and Confucius. In this task they followed Chairnan Mao's instruction:;
on the 'three implementations' of militia work, tooA Lne !asic line of
the Party as they key link, organized the militiamen in the plant to
study Chairman Mao's military works and learn from Shanghai's fresh
experience in urban militia building,, criticized Lin Piao's bourgeois
military line, seriously analyzed the situation of militia work in the
plant and sum:;d up their experience. In this way improvement served
to step up militia building organizationally and from the line stand-
point.
Follow the Correct Line First Party committee of the plant realized
through the years from its experience in militia building that the key
to organizing the militia well lies in following the correct line and
that organization can be carried out only when the correct line is
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followed. We must criticize the erroneous line and eradicate its
remnant poison before we can voluntarily implement Chairman Mao's
proletarian revolutionary line. TZ.erefore, in this year's improvement
of the militia, the Party committee of the Plant first organized
the militiamen to seriously study Chairman Mao's military works,
penetratingly criticize Lin Piao's bourgeois military line and condemn
his crime of undermining militia building. The militiamen conducted
vigorous discussions with reference to the actualities of militia
building during the past 10 years or so. Some of the comrades asked:
Our plant has been carrying out improvement every year since the
founding of the militia, but why is it that sometimes it was carried
out well and sometimes not carried out well? A concrete analysis
showed that during the great proletarian cultural revolution Liu Shao-
ch'i's revisionist line w.t.s criticized and in 1968 militia organizations
were strengthend. As a result, enthusiasm of the broad masses of
cadres and militiamen was heightened, they fought as vanguards in the
three great revolutionary struggles and became pace-setters militia
work became active, and organizational tasks were carried out relatively
well. Later as a result of the interference and undermining by Lin
Piao's counter-revolutionary revisionist line, a lot of black trash
such as 'four-good', 'five-good' and 'fourr-good as the key link' was
imposed on militia building. Consequently, although militia organiza-
tions were improved, the job was not carried out well.
But the situation in militia organizations took on a new look after
the criticism of Lin Piao and rectification of the sytle of work,
especially after criticizing Lin Piao and Confucius, penetratingly
criticizing Lin Piao's bourgeois military line, learning from Shanghai's
experience and taking the line as the key link to improve and reform
the militia. Chairman Mao's instructions on the 'three implementations'
of militia work was better carried out, militiamen's concept of class
struggle and line struggle was further strengthened, and militiamen's
participation in social class struggle to strike at the class enemy's
sabotage activities became more enthusiastic. In the meantime, militia
organizations in the plant were further consolidated and strengthened
and the role of the militia was further developed. These experiences
and lessons deeply educated everybody. Comrade Wang Hsi-}u, secretary
of the Party committee of the plant, said: 'The key to carrying out
militia re-organization well lies in the line. We may work in the same
way, but when the correct line is followed we carry it out well and
when the correct line is not followed we may carry out improvement in
spring yet the whole thing will collapse in summer. Therefore, we must
first of all grasp the line.' Study greatly raised everybody's awareness
of serving as good militiamen for the sake of defending Chairman Mao's
revolutionary line. Many young people of eligible age positively
insisted on joining the militia and veteran militiamen also insisted
on remaining in militia organizations. Thus, an excellent situation
developed in militia work.
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Strengthen the Awareness of the Party's
Control of the Armed Departments
After a review of the experiences and lessons acquired by the plant
in militia building the party committee of the plant realized that to
improve the militia according to Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, it
is necessary to strengthen the Party's absolute leadership over militia
work. After experiencing the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
and the criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius movement, especially after
learning from Shanghai's fresh experience .n militia work, we have
realized even more deeply the importance of further strengthening the
Party's leadership over militia work. Thus, the Party committee of the
plant organized the squad members' of the Party committee to seriously
study Chairman Mao's instructions such as "the whole Party grasps
military affairs and every man a soldier" and raised everybody's
awareness in discussing political and military affairs and controlling
well the work of armed departments.
At first some individual members of the Party committee though that it
was immaterial whether they paid attention to militia work or not since
the plant was an advanced unit in militia work and the Party committee
had assigned special people to take charge of the work. But study
enabled them to realize that this way of thinking would weaken the
collective leadership over i.ilitia work and was inconsistent with
the requirement that the Party grasped military affairs and controlled
armed deparments. With this realization, everybody's awareness of
g,-asping militia work was strengthened. In the task to improve the
Militia, the secretary of the plant party committee as well as the
secretaries of workshop party branches personally grasped political and
ideological education as well as the appointment of militia cadres.
iUter improving the militia, the party committee of the plant further
perfected various systems to make sure that sufficient time was
allocated to militia activities and that the activities had substance
in content. Furthermore, the party committee also selected and dispatched
some Party members to militia organizations at various levels to serve
as cadres. In this plant at present there are 56 party members serving
as militia cadres above the platoon level accounting for 35 percent of
the total number of party members in the plant. This situation is
favorable for the strengthening of the Party's leadership over militia
organizations at the basic level and over militia sub-detachments that
operate outside of the plant.
Grasp Well the Building of Combat Backbones. In improving the militia,
the Party committee of the plant made the stepping up of the building
of combat backbones an important task. Proceeding from the under-
standing that stepping up of the building of combat backbones was
essential in future wars against aggression and in the consolidation of
the dictatorship of the proletariat, the plant party committee
emphatically grasped the folloiing work in the course of building combat
backbones according to the type of militia weapons issued by
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superior organizations and to the tasks undertaken by the militia,
on the basis of extensive improvement. First, the party committee
stressed the strengthening of the companies. Under the principle of
easy to lead, easy to train and easy to carry out contingent tasks
and taking into consideration the two-shift system of production in
the plant, militiamen in the plant were organized into an anti-aircraft
artillery company, a basic armed company (which had an anti-tank
demolition squad) and other specialized detachments for sanitary
work. fire fighting, construction repair etc. Both the anti-aircraft
artillery company and the basic aimed company had two sets of personnel
and the platoons and squads were organized on the basis of the workshop.
In this way, during peacetime personnel could be called up at any
moment and during wartime it would still be possible to keep one set
of personnel in the plant after one set had been called up. This could
guarantee the execution of missions assigned as well as the continuation
of normal production. Second, the party committee grasped the appoint-
ment of cadres. The cadres were appointed on the basis of a combination
of the old, the middle-aged and the young and of appointing one head
and many deputies. Third, the party committee grasped the implementation
of systems. Systems for convening conferences, training and safe-keeping
of weapons were revised through discussions to make them more favorable
for developing activities.
After the militia was improved, all the militiamen in the plant plunged
themselves into the struggle to criticize Lin Piao's bourgeois military
line and mass criticism developed vigorously and realistically. The
militiamen enthusiastically took part in social class struggle and
sub-detachments were organized to carry out patrol missions. As regards
grasping revolution and promotion production, the militiamen were
extremely enthusiastic. For example, the workshop that manufactures
canvas tops for rubber shoes increased its daily production to 21,000
pairs from 18,000 pairs and fulfilled its annual production plan ahead
of schedule.
MILITIA ORGr~NIZATIONS PROMOTE 'TRAINING
Canton MIN-PING SUING-HUO 15 Aug 74 pp 16-17
[Summary] In the course of criticizing Lin Piao and Confucius,militit
acgiment_of the Canton Standard Parts Main Plant organized the militia-
MOP to penetratingly criticize Lin Piao's crimes of viciously attacking
revolutionary violence and underming militia building. This enabled
the militiamen to realize that Lin Piao's anti-Party clique considered
the militia an obstacle to their restoration and did all they could to
spread the reactionary fallacy that 'central task for the militia' was
to engage in production 'with all its might' and clamored about 'those
who turn to virtue flourish but those who turn to force perish' because
they wanted the broad masses of militiamen to lay down their weapons
so that they could smoothly subvert the dictatorship of the proletariat
and restore capitalism.
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In the meantime, criticism also stimulated mass awareness to undergo
military training, pushed forward the campaign of 'officers teaching
soldiers, soldiers teaching officers and soldiers teaching soldiers'
in military training, and promoted the guideline of perserving in
stringent military training.
Combining Labor with Training
Canton MING-PING SIIiNG-I-IUO 15 Aug 74 pp 17-18
[Text] Under the momentum of the criticize-Lin, criticize-Confucius
movement, militia battalion of T'ungi Production Brigade of Wang-ch'eng
Commune in the Lin-li County persevered in the principle of combining
manual labor with military training and developed military training
according to local conditions and requirements in actual combat. This
elevated the military and political standards of the militia and promoted
the 'three implementations' in militia work.
At the beginning of military training, a small number of militl.a cadres
who lacked sufficient understanding toward the significance of developing
military training for the militia said: "It is difficult to catch two
fish with two hands." As a result, they paid attention only to the
grasping of production and neglected military training. The leadership
of the militia battalion thought what produced this erroneous way of
thinking was that these comrades failed to understand clearly the
significance of combining manual labor with military training and lacked
a profound understanding that the militia is a tool for consolidating
the dictatorship of the proletariat. Thus they held study classes for
militia cadres and organized everybody to repeatedly study the basic
line of the Party and Chairman Mao's series of instructions on organizing
the militia on a large scale and penetratingly condemn Lin Piao's wicked
plots to imitate Confucius' "restrain self, return to propriety " and
his attempt to turn the militia into their tool for launching an armed
counter-revolutionary coup d'etat, fleeing southward to Canton to set
up another "center" and exercise feudalist sovereign powers. Study
and criticism made everybody realized that the socialist society is a
fairly long historical period. Lin Piao's anti-Party clique has
indeed collapsed, but class struggle has not yet come to an end.
Therefore, we must never slacken our vigilance. Instead, we must
incessantly elevate the militiamen's awareness in class struggle and
their level of military skill and work hard to step up militia building.
Lin Piao and company clamored in a big way that 'the central task for
the militia' was to engage in production 'with all its might' in an
attempt to disarm us militiamen ideologically, make us abandon military
trailing, weaken the combat power of the militia and render 'r, incapable
of carrying out the great historical task of defending the motherland
and consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat. But we will
never fall into their trap. We militiamen will persevere in the prin-
ciple of combining manual labor with military training under any
circumstances, hold our hoe in one hand and our gun in the other, as
well as learn to produce and fight.
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After their understanding was elevated, cadres of the militia battalion
voluntarily grasped military training well under the guidance of the
basic line of the Party. Yen Yung-ch'ing, a deputy instructor, penetrated
deeply into Hsin-wei Militia Platoon to set up experimental point
where they acquired experience of combining manual labor with military
training and popularized it throughout the battalion. In the course
of training, the militia battalion organized the militiamen to develop
military training activities according to local conditions. This spring,
when the commune was expanding the T'ung-huan Reservoir, over 300 militia
men in the battalion went to the site of construction where they underwent
training in construction when they dug ditches, training in demolition
when they blasted rocks and training in the style of fighting when they
did flood fighting work. In this way they not only guaranteed the
fulfillment of the tasks of capital farm construction but also imple-
mented plans for military training for the militia. To insure that the
guideline of combining manual labor ;.'ith military training could be
implemented incessantly, militia battalion of T'ung-i Production Brigade
also paid attention to the fostering military instructors. In the past
they adopted the method of training the militiamen at the production
brigade. But owning to the fact that too many people were involved, it
was impossible to guarantee the quality of training, and, furthermore,
production was affected.
This year, they selected 24 instructors from the militiamen of the
b:: .alion. Prior to the beginning of every gaining the militia
battalion organized them to study Chairman Mao's military thoughts,
criticize Lin Piao's bourgeois military line and unify all the military
subjects before sending them to the production teams to organize the
militiamen to undergo military training and develop the work of
instructing, helping and leading. This not only nelped to prevent
undesirable effects on production but also make it possible to extensively
and persistently develop small-scale, on-the-spot and dispersed mil-.t4ry
training activities and incessantly elevate the quality of training. As
a result, the battalion recently attained good results is target practice.
In the meantime, the average distance of grenade throwing during
practices was also increased to 31 meters from 25 meters.
Developing Militia Tactics
Canton MIN-PING SHENG-I-NO 15 Aug 74 pp 18-19
[Text] In the course of military training, the militia battalion of Wan-ho
Production Brigade, Huang-ts'un Commune, Hoy-uan County, Kwangtung
Province, organized the militiamen to seriously study Chairman Mao's
thinking on people's war and regularly developed training in traditional
militia tactics to elevate the military standard of the militiamen.
At Via beginning of the training some of the militiamen thought that the
techniques of war have been well developed. Therefore, it is no longer
necessary to study past militia tactics which have become outdated.
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But as soon as this thinking emerged, the leadership of the militia
battalion of Wan-ho Production Brigade realized that this was an
indication that those people have failed to understand profoundly
Chairman Mao's strategy and tactics of people's war. To correct
this, the militia battalion organized the militiamen to study Chairman
Mao's teaching "Considering the revolutionary war as a whole, the
operations of the people's guerrillas and those of the main forces of
the Red Army complement each other like a man's right arm and left arm,
and if we had only the main forces of the Red Army without the people's
guerrillas, we would be like a warrior with only one arm" and condemned
Lin Piao and company for their crime of opposing Chairman Mao's thoughts
on people's war and underming the "three implementation" of militia
work. This enabled everybody to understand the significance of
developing training in traditional militia tactics. On this basis the
militia battalion further led everyone to analyze the characteristics
of future wars. This enabled everyone to realize that although the
surprise element and degree of mechanization will increase in future
wars, the great truth "The Army and the people are the foundation of
victory" will remain unchanged. Everyone said: "Traditional militia
tactics is th."product of the struggle between the two lines, an
embodiment of Chairman Mao's thinking on people's war and the surest
way to win victory.
After its understanding was elevated, the militia battalion made
tactics of ambushment and surprise attack important subjects of training
in view of the fact that the mountains were high and the woods were
thick in the Wan-ho area. Every time a tactic was studied they mapped
out an operational plan for a hypothetical situation according to
the local conditions before they conducted the exercise. Once when the
r1iilitia battalion was conducting training in surprise attack, the
battalion commander devised a hypothetical situation in which the
vanguards encountered the enemy in a village. Immediately the militia
platoon leaders that took part in the exercise sized up the situaion
and dispatched militiamen to collect information and then formulate
a combat plan. They divided the men into two groups to encircle the
enemy and turned a "battle of encounter" into a "battle of annihilation".
In this way they accomplished their mission fairly satisfactorily.
The militiamen said: "This way of training under a concrete situation
is easy for us to understand and remember our training." In the course
of training in traditional militia tactics, the militia battalion of
Wan-ho Production Brigade invited demobili.ed and rehabilitated armymen
to serve as instructors as well as local old guerrillas and old militia-
men to lecture on past battles on the spot so as to pass practical combat
experiences on to the militiamen. When problems were discovered, they
were solved on the spot.
Once the militiv battalion of this production brigade organized the
militiamen to undergo training in an ambush exericse in Liu-k'eng-ching
which had high mountains on both sides with a wide road in the middle
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leading to.Lung-ch'uan County. During the training, militia platoon
leader Ch'iu Chi-kuan only took into consideration the development of
their fire power from high ground when he formulated the combat plan
but failed to anticipate possible changes of the situation or to enhance
our army's strong point of close combat annihilation. In view of this,
the militia battalion invited old guerrillas such as Comrade Ch'iu
Ch'i-wen to lecture on their ambush experience acquired during the
Liberation War. They said: "Generally speaking, the principal task
of the militia is to annihilate the enemy in coordination with the main
forces. Therefore, it must fully enhance its strong point of close
combat. When we make use of the terrain, we must take into consideration
the development of fire power as well as shifting of positions and
close contact with the enemy." After listening to the lectures by old
guerrillas, cadres of the militia battalion studied the plan again and
made adjustments in their disposition by placing their men near one side
of the road where the wood was thicker. In this way, it was easier
to cover the men, develop fire power, approach the enemy as well as
withdraw the men and transfer them to other positions. Thus this
exercise greatly enlightened the militiamen and elevated their under-
standing of and ability to apply traditional militia tactics.
ANHWEI MILITIA ENGAGES IN AIR DEFENSE TRAINING
Peking, CHIEH-FANG-CI-NN PAO 22 Oct 73 p 2
[Excerpts] Under the centralized leadership of the Pang-fou Municipal
Party Committee, the people's armed forces of Pang-fou Muncipality,
Anhwei Province, adhering to Chairman Mao's instruction "heighten
our vigilance, defend the motherland," have seriously carried out militia
air-raid defense work in the city and have correctly handled the
relationship between "attack" and "defense," thus the people's air
defense has been carried out effectively.
In the past few years, the Pang-fou municipal people's armed forces,
obeying Chairman Mao's series of instruction on civil air defense work,
have been fully mobilizing the masses to build a certain number of air-
defense projects. At one time there was some confusion as to how to
handle the relationship between "attack" and "defense" and how to
"coordinate attack and defense, with emphasis on attack".
To resolve these problems, they seriously analyzed the strategic value
of the city and concluded that the city, being the center of political,
economic and cultural activities, must be defended and guarded in any
future anti-aggression war. flow should a city be safeguarded and
defended? After studying Chairman Mao's instructions, they understood
that destroying the enemy and preserving oneself are the essential
elements in urban air defense. Dispersal and cover are mainly for self
preservation; anti-aircraft warfare is mainly for destroying the enemy.
These are the two aspects of a problem, with emphasis on destroying the
enemy. For this reason, besides dispersing and hiding the population,
emphasis should be placed on "attack" and preparation should be made
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for "attack". By ding this in time of war, we can preserve our
strength, resolutely hit the enemy's aircraft, and wage alley battles,
street barricade battles, and underground urban battles so that the
city would become a strong fighting bastion to destroy the enemy, and
at the same time, it can resolutely support production and combat
tasks to attain thorough victory in a war against aggression.
After understanding these problems, the party committee of the municipal
armed forces placed greater emphasis on "attack" in the city's militia
air defense work. The building of militia air-defense units was
strengthened in ideology, organization and military drilling to
continuously implement the measures of war preparation against air
raids.
In the past, in organizing and building the militia air defense units,
the concept of "attack" was not clearly set forth. Therefore in some
units, the commanding organs the warning and reporting team the tel:-
communications liaison team and the specialized militia air-defense
tea:. were not set up for "attack." Through investigations and studies,
the Pang-fou armed forces focused its attention on the existing problems
and,on the basis of the needs in actual antiaircraft operations and the
conditions in the factories,adopted a series of improved measures for
the antiaircraft organizations and the command organizations of the
militia.
First, to facilitate operational command, they established antiaircraft
command elements in the city, the various districts and bureaus, and
large plants. They also set up a wartime unified command system.
Secondly, taking into consideration tie needs of antiaircraft warfare
in the city and the duties of the mil`,.tia in future antiaircraft warfare,
they formulated operational plans and delineated combat zones to achieve
the "four fixes"--fixed duty, fixed strength, fixed measures, and fixed
command--and, on the basis of the arms and equipment of the militia,
organized a network of fire to put into practice Cie unified command
system.
Thirdly, they organized and established militia staffs specializing
in air defense. In organizing and establishing the stairs, they
seriously implemented the principle of further training person in his
vocation and integrating wartime activities with peacetime activities.
In the city they assigned the militia of the basic construction, trans-
portation, telecommunications, and electricity transmission departments,
the chemical industry, and hospitals to such specialized tasks as
emergency repairs, transportation work, telecommunications work
antichemical warfare and rescue operations. Also in relatively large
factories they organized militia guard companies under the direct
command of the city armed forces comiand. In the basic levels, according
to the characteristics of the work and the number of work shifts in
production,they organized and established specialized teams for air
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defense so that the basic level teams could cope with wartim^, needs.
They summed up their experience in organizing and establishing air
defense teams of the alcohol plant: most of the militia of the
machine repair shops, fitters, electricians, and plumbers who are
familiar with emergency repair work were organized into specialized
emergency repair teams; the alcohol workshop, which already has its
own fire fighting unit, was organized into fire fighting specialized
teams to fight fires and explosions; shop "920" and the medical
office having similiar functions were organized into rescue squads;
and the armed basic units of the militia of the plant were organized
into antiaircraft batteries and public security teams. Thus, these
arrangements facilitated the launching of training in normal times and
the implementation of work tasks during wartime.
To stress "attack" in urban air defense, they actively developed mass
training so that the broad masses of militiamen would know how to wipe
out the enemy in wartime air attack. The air-defense specialized
teams of the militia also engaged in antiaircraft specialized drills.
To raise the antiaircraft fighting capability of the masses, they also
emphasized training in operating antiaircraft guns, in obtaining textbook
and technical knowledge and in field manuever. Also on the basis of
actual needs and urban characteristics, they arranged training courses
for antitank, street, and street-barricade warfares and underground,
tunnel exercises. With training in these fields,the militia is ready
to cope with any enemy attack from the air or on the ground.
In training, they first trained the cadres and entrusted them the
responsibility to mobilize the masses. Since last year, the people's
armed forces of the municipality, district and bureau have organized
numerous training teams, with armed cadres and militia backbone cadres
as senior instructors to train junior instructors so that they in turn
can mobilize the militia in the city for training. For example, the
armed basic units of the militia of the glass plant in their "three
attacks and three defenses" training had staged six comprehensive
counter-attack manuevers in the whole plant. These manuevers enabled
the militia to grasp the know-how of firing at enemy airplanes, attacking
parachuters, and clearing the wreckages from air raids.
During military training, the Pang-fou people's armed forces also demanded
strict training, calling on the militia to promote the concept of train-
ing for fighting. Their responsible comrade- also frequently went
deep into the basic level and gave personal instructions to the militia-
men joining them in various drills. Under the ideological guidance of
training for specific fighting requirements in various levels of the
militia, the training courses being offered now are realistic and
practical.
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MILITARY SUBDISTRICT PRCMYI'ES MILITIA BUILDING
Peking CHIEH-FANG-CHUN PAO 22 Oct 73 p 3
[Excerpts] Admist the fervor of studying the 10th congress documents
and the implementation of the spirit of the 10th party congress, the
party committee of Ying-kou military subdistrict in Liaoning, adhering
to the outlines of the party's basic line, has been talking joyously
about the excellent situation of the people's militia work and has
been seriously summing up the experiences of organizing contingents
of people's militia on a large scale.
With a High Degree of Consciousness of th~'.Basic Line, Recognize the
Significance .f Organizing the Militia on a Large Scale. Should we
organize P. militia? Should it be on a large or a small scale? These
questions have traditionally been looked at as fierce struggles
between the two lines. In recent years, some comrades, influenced
by "the theory of the dying out of class struggles" pushed by swindlers
like Lin Piao and the bourgeois military line, have net learned in
depth the significance of militia work and looked at militia work as
"inconsequential to the situation in general". To help them acquire
the correct viewpoint, and to strengthen their consciousness in doing
militia work well, the party committee of the military subdistrict
organised everybody during the movment to criticize Lin Piao and rectify
the stile of work to seriously study the viewpoints of Marx and Lenin
on militia building, Chairman Mao's thinking on people's war and Chair-
man Mao's series of important directives on building the militia and,
associating the studies with the realities of class struggles of the
historical stages of socialism, participate in four collective
exercises to criticize Lin Piao's crimes of opposing the organizing
of the militia on a large scale. Everybody then realized that without
the strength of a armed people's militia,the proletarian dictatorship
could neither be established nor consolidated. The militia is an
important component of the people's armed forces of our country. The
large-scale organization of the militia frightens imperialism, and
social imperialism as well as the landlords, rich peasants, the counter-
revolutionaries, the bad elements and the rightists. Lin Piac's anti-
party clique schemed day and night to oppose the organizing of the
militia on a large scale because it vainly hoped to achieve the cciminal
objectives of overthrowing the proletarian d'_,.tatorship, restoring
capitalism and changing our nation into a colony of the revisionist
Soviet social imperialism. It is not true that the amount of militia
work has "no bearing on the situation in general". On the contrary,
it has a positive bearing on the situation in general.
With better understanding of the importance of militia work, the party
committee and the government organs have determined to give greater
attention to it. Seven of the nine members of the standing committee
[of the party committee] have grasped militia work. The deputy
secretary of the party committee and the commander [of the Ying-kou
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military district?] have often organized the members of the party
committee to study Chairman Mao's directive of "organizing contingents
of people's militia on a large scale." The party committee secretary
and the political commissar acting as deputy secretary of the municipal
committee and the deputy chairman of the revolutionary committee
respectively also are constantly aware of militia work. The party
committee secretary mobilizes the party committee members and the party
committee mobilizes the government organs. Nine of the leading
comrades of the 11 judicial, political and rear-services departments
are involved in militia work and 70 percent of the cadres of the
government organs are directly involver. in militia work.
Persist in Going to the Midst of the Basic Level to Organize the Militia
on a Large Scale. The party committee of the military subdistrict
considers militia work as a mass work which must be done among the masses
and at the basic level. It believes that militia work cannot be done
at a leisurely pace but must be specifically directed on the frontline,
away from the office.
The resl.onsible comrao'.es and the standing committee members of the party
committee of this military subdistrict have often taken the lead to go
to the basic level. in th past two years and more, every member of
the standing committee has gone down to the basic level; some have
stayed there working continuously for more than a year. Since last
year, more than 90 percent of the leading comrades of the various
departments have visited the basic level for an average stay of five
months for each comrade. The Chiang-non Brigade of the Po-lo-pu
Commune of Ying-kou County has always had some government comrades
who are leading cadres of the military subdistrict's party committee
squatting there. Before the great cultural revolution, this brigade
had capitalist leanings and had produced only some 300 chin of grain
per mou; but since 1969, it has been increasing its grain production,
and in 1972 it became an advanced in-agriculture-learn-frrnn-Ta-chaff
unit. The militia company of the Chiang-nan brigade is now emulated by
groups of other advanced militia companies.
Consciously Obey thc Unified Leadership cf the Local Party Committee.
The party committee of the military subdi.strict fully realizes that
militia work in the Ying-kou area is shading up well because the local
party committees of various levels, consciously implementing Chairman
Mao's directive on "The whole party grasp military affairs, make everyone
a soldier", are all involved in militia work. The Ying-kou municipal
party committee makes the decisions on strengthening militia building
and actually places militia work on its agenda of important work. The
secretary of the municipal party committee personally insp,'cts the
militia companies to find out how militia work is progressing.
The party committee of the military subdistrict asked itself of this
question : "When the local party committee puts so much emphasis on
militia work what can we do to match its enthusiasm? "Sparing nothing
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in criticizing the crimes of Lin Piao's attempts to undermine the party
leadership in militia work, the party committee of the military
subdistrict further realized that its attitude of respect and obedience
of the unified leadership of the local party committee is related to
the question of the principle of whether the party commands the gun
or the gun commands the party. The military subdistrict party
committee has said: "The more emphasis the local party committee places
on militia work, the more modest and prudent we should be. We should
consciously respect and obey the leadership of the local party committee
and further volunteer to be a good staff to the local party committee."
Besides subscribing to the unified leadership of the local party
committee ideologically and organizationally, the military subdistrict
party committee also pays particular attention to doing the militia
work well while also paying attention to the central tasks of the
pa: ty. Its members said: "The central tasks of the party are the
central tasks of our military subdistrict and militia. To be divorced
from the party's central tasks in militia work is to be divorced from
party leadership in militia work."
During the movement to criticize Lin Piao and rectify the style of work,
the members of the party committee of the military subdistrict actively
participated in the line-education work team organized by the local
party committee. They also penetrated deeply into the communes and
brigades to propagandize and talk about central documents to the masses
and the militia and undertook the role as backbone cadres to lead the
militia to actively participate in the movement to criticize Lin Piao
and rectify the style of work.
In the drive to emulate the agricultural cultivating methods of Tachai,
they went to the frontline to lead the militia and took the initiative
in harnessing the mountains and rivers and changing the undeveloped land
into arable land. They completed the most arduous tasks with the militia.
A deputy commander worked with two militia regiments in repairing a
reservoir for two years. He stayed with them on the work site and
toiled with them until the task was campleted.
In June 1973, they consciously sent some responsible cadres down to the
basic level. Leading a number of government cadres, these responsible
cadres helped the local areas to build depots for intellectual youth,
and at the same time,felt their way around as to how to bring into full
play the function of intellectual youths in building the militia.
Both the local party committee and the masses are pleased by the methods
the party committee of the military subdistrict has been using in its
militia work along with its central tasks; moreover, the party committee
of the military subdistrict while completing the party's central tasks
has enabled the broad masses of the militia to be tempered in rain and
storm, in facing the world, and in participating in the three great
revolutionary struggles.
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