IRAN - HUMAN SUFFERING THE WAR WITH IRAQ

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86M00886R001300180017-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 21, 2008
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: April 17, 1984
• Content Type: REPORT

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17 April 1984
IRAN = Human Suffering
The War with Iraq
-- Iran is deliberately prolonging a war with Iraq in which at least
200,000 Iranians have been killed, another 300,000 wounded, and 15,000
taken prisoner. Iraqi losses number some 75,000 killed, 250,000
wounded, and 50,000 prisoners.
-- The regime is using school children as cannon fodder to clear
minefields in the first wave of Iranian attacks.
-- Approximately 1.5 million Iranians have been made homeless by the war
with Iraq. Because the Khomeini regime insists on prolonging the
fighting, most of these Iranians are still unable to return home.
The US Hostages
-- Iran held 53 Americans hostage for 442 days (Nov. 4, 1979 - January
20, 1981), often subjecting them to physical harassment and
psychological abuse.
Treatment of Domestic Opponents
-- The Khomeini regime has executed between 5,000 and 10,000 domestic
opponents since coming to power in early 1979. Thousands more remain
in prison enduring torture.
-- Numerous domestic groups, including the Bahais, are being
systematically exterminated. Christian and Jewish minorities are
subject to blatant discrimination.
-- Tens of thousands of Iranians have fled Iran and are living in exile
in Europe, the US, or the Middle East.
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Libya
-- Libyan armed forces have been responsible for wounding or
killing nearly 5,000 Chadian, Egyptian, Tunisian,
Ugandan, and Sudanese soldiers and civilians in armed
conflicts fought outside Libya's borders since 1977.
-- Libyan soldiers and officers have suffered 1200 dead and
wounded themselves.
-- Hundreds of Libyans primarily from the middle class and
intelligensia have left the country because of Qadhafi's
repressive rule.
-- Oadhafi carried out a murder campaign against these
exiles in the early 1980s, killing eleven and wounding
several others.
-- Nearly a hundred individuals inside Libya who have
actively opposed the regime have been executed or
imprisoned.
-- Libya spends hundreds of millions of dollars on efforts
to destabilize neighboring regimes, to fuel regional
conflicts, and to support radical insurgencies.
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SL KLI
17 April 1984
ETHIOPIA
Soviet military deliveries, totaling $3 billion since 1977, and
Soviet advisers and technicians play a major role in allowing Ethiopian
Chairman Mengistu to pursue a military solution to the insurgencies in the
northern provinces of Eritrea, Tigray, and Gondar. Since coming to power
in 1977, Mengistu has refused to make any meaningful concessions to end
the fighting, despite the heavy toll upon combatants and civilians.
-- The Ethiopian Army has suffered at least 70,000 dead and wounded
-- We conservatively estimate that there have been approximately
25,000 insurgent casualties during the same period. Our
information is fragmentary, however, and the total could be
higher.
-- Figures on civilian casualties as a result of the conflict are
unavailable but probably number in the thousands. The total is
relatively low because most of the fighting occurs in rural areas.
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-- Refugees fleeing the fighting in the north began to enter Sudan in
the mid-1960s, but the bulk of the influx came with the increased
hostilities of the late 1970s. Within the past year, severe
drought in Ethiopia's northern provinces has contributed to the
movement of Ethiopians into Sudan. Of the approximately 500,000
Ethiopian refugees now in Sudan, we estimate that roughly 425,000
have fled the fighting, political persecution, or military
conscription. Data on refugee movements, however, are very
sketchy.
In addition to the loss of life and disruptions caused by the
northern campaigns, several thousand pro- and anti-government civilians
were arrested or killed during a series of purges in 1977 and 1978, when
Mengistu and his military supporters consolidated their position in
Ethiopia.
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The Hunan Cost of Soviet Activities
--Some 4 million} Soviet citizens--about 1.5 percent of the population--
are now serving sentences of forced labor.
--Among these forced laborers are political prisoners whose numbers
may reach as high as 10,000.
--These political prisoners include those who have been refused permission
to leave the USSR, practice their religion, exercise their human and civil
rights. Hundreds of dissidents are confined in psychiatric institutions.
The adverse public opinion that has flowed out this practice led the Soviet
regime to withdraw fron the World Psychiatric Association.
--The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has caused the following:
--Imillion refugees from Afghanistan
--17,000 Soviet soldiers killed or wounded
--40,000 Afghan insurgents killed or wounded
--a couple of hundred thousand civilian casualties
--In 1965, 6.6% pf the state budget wasallocated to health. In
1982 this figure had dropped to 4.4%. The Soviet defense budget continued
to grow during this period but health care has suffered. The USSR is the
only industrial nation in the world with a lower life expectancy now than
20 years ago.
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Bulgaria
The Bulgarians admitted in March 1945 to having executed
2,138 people considered threats to the regime. In addition, the
regime sentenced 1,940 people to 20 years in prison and 1,689
people to 10 to 15 years. The actual number of executions and
deaths in prison almost certainly exceeded official statistics.
Czechoslovakia
During the period 1968 to 1970, in the wake of the Soviet-
led Warsaw Pact invasion, some 53,000 Czechoslovaks fled the
country because of the threat of political repression. The
regime never admitted to any casualties stemming from the
invasion itself. The absence of Czechoslovak resistence suggest
casualties were minimal. We have no data on the number of people
who died or fled in connection with the Communist takeover in
1948.
East Germany
About 1,000 Germans have been killed as the result of Soviet
occupation.
-- We have no figures for the period prior to 1949, but
East Berlin admitted that several hundred were injured
and 25 killed during the Berlin uprising of 1953. Many
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CONFIDENTIAL
more probably were killed as participants were rounded
up by the authorities.
-- Since the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961, probably
between 200 and 300 persons have been killed trying to
cross either the Wall or the intra-German border.
Roughly 3 to 3.5 million Germans have fled to the West since
the end of World War II.
Hungary
An estimated 5,000 to 7,000 Hungarians perished in the
abortive 1956 revolt.
The failure of the 1956 revolt led approximately 250,000
Hungarians to flee their country.
We have no data about how many died or fled in the wake of
the Communist takeover in 1946-47.
Poland
An estimated 5,153 people have been killed in Poland as a
result of politically instigated violence since 1945.
An estimated 850,000 people have emigrated from Poland in
the same period.
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CONFIDENTIAL
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According to official sources for each East European
country, the number of East European refugees who flea to the
West since 1945 totals some 4 to 5 million. The actual number
could easily be double is figure due.to lack of reliable
statistics. Out of this total, according to the US Immigration
and Naturalization Serive, the cummulative total of East Euoprean
refugees settling in the United States is 517,065.
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Casualties of International Terrorism, 1968-84 *
Year Total Killed
1969 33
1969 54
1970 128
1971 35
1972 144
1973 115
1974 313
1975 261
1976 399
1977 247
1978 261 /??0
1979 681
1980 466
1981 166
1982 128
1983 652
1984 532
4
(First quarter)
Of Which
US Killed Total Wounded US Wounded
207
190
Of Which
208 14
226 23
370 33
885 16
553 78
808 32
427 8
573 22 /9G? /Ppo
529 18
989 18 ;z42,