CIA MANUAL: U.S. REPORTERS CHECKING OUT LEAD (Sanitized)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86B00269R001500140001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 276
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 31, 2005
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 26, 1984
• Content Type: CABLE

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Approved For Ri*Alf4I2ACHiv113;..CIATillata?61?igg2g03901500140001-9
EMPLOYEE
BULLETIN
EB No. 1182
24 October 1984
NICARAGUAN-RELATED PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE MANUAL
1. Most of you have seen the sensational media accounts of alleged Agency
wrongdoing in connection with a Nicaraguan-related psychological warfare
manual.
2. As President Reagan said during the debate on Sunday night, he has
asked the President's Intelligence Oversight Board and the Agency's Inspector
General to look into the matter. Both of these intensive efforts are underway
in an effort to obtain all the facts and to develop a comprehensive
understanding of what happened. The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, who are also looking
into the problem, already have received classified status reports on the facts
as we now know them.
3. Our historical experience in situations such as this is that early
perceptions may be mistaken and that it is important to come to a judgment on
the basis of complete information. The oversight committees have told us that
they agree and are deferring judgment until they have received the results of
the full investigation.
4. We are committed to finishing the inquiry as quickly as possible. We
will let you know the results as soon as we can.
DISTRIBUTION: ALL EMPLOYEES
ADMINISTRATIVE - INTERNAL USE ONLY
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4+41i228
U W BYLBYLRXR
;AM-NICARAGUA-MANUAL, 07i5
;CASEY LINKED TO DECISION TO HIRE CIA MANUAL AUTHOR
;BY ROBERT PARRY
;ASSOCIATED PRESS WRITER
WASHINGTON (RP) - SENIOR CIA OFFICIALS, INCLUDING DIRECTOR WILLIAM
J. CASEY, DECIDED AT A MID-1.983 MEETING IN HONDURAS TO PROVIDE
NICARAGUAN REBELS WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE TRAINING, A STEP THAT
LED LATER TO THE WRITING OF A CONTROVERSIAL MANUAL; ACCORDING TO U.S.
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.
THE OFFICIALS, WHO SPOKE ONLY ON CONDITION OF ANONYMITY, SAID THE
ROLE OF CASEY AND OTHER TOP OFFICERS IN THE DECISION IS NOT CITED IN
R STILL-SECRET CIA INSPECTOR GENERAL'S REPORT THAT URGED DISCIPLINING
SIX MID-LEVEL AGENCY OFFICIALS, SEVERAL OF WHOM COMPLAINED THEY WERE
BEING MADE SCAPEGOATS.
"IT WAS DECIDED (AT THE MID-1983 MEETING) THAT THE (REBELS) NEEDED
RN ADVISER ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE TO HELP THEM BETTER UNDERSTAND
WHAT THEY WERE FIGHTING FOR AND HOW TO MOTIVATE THE (NICARAGUAN)
PEOPLE," SAID ONE OFFICIAL FAMILIAR WITH THE DECISION PROCESS.
BUT ALL FOUR OFFICIALS INTERVIEWED BY THE ,ASSOCIATED PRESS SAID THAT
WHILE CASEY AND OTHER TOP CIA OFFICERS LAUNCHED THE PSYCHOLOGICAL
WARFARE PROGRAM, THERE IS NO EVIDENCE THAT THEY SPECIFICALLY APPROVED
PRODUCTION OF THE MANUAL OR KNEW OF SECTIONS ADVISING THE REBELS ON
THE "SELECTIVE USE OF VIOLENCE" TO "NEUTRALIZE" NICARAGUAN
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.
AFTER BEING RECRUITED DURING THE SUMMER OF 19831 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL
WARFARE EXPERT, KNOWN BY HIS PSEUDONYM JOHN KIRKPATRICK, WROTE THE
MANUAL IN OCTOBER OF LAST YEAR. THE ORIGINAL VERSION ALSO CALLED FOR
HIRING PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS TO CARRY OUT "SELECTIVE JOBS,"
CREATING R "MARTYR" FOR THE CRUSES AND COERCING NICARAGUANS INTO
CARRYING OUT REBEL ASSIGNMENTS.
THE HOUSE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE HAS SCHEDULED A HEARING TUESDAY ON
WHETHER THE MANUAL VIOLATED A PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDER BARRING
U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN ASSASSINATIONS OR A 1982 LAW PROHIBITING THE CIA
FROM TRYING TO OVERTHROW THE LEFTIST NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT.
THREE OFFICIALS SAID IT WAS UNCLEAR FROM INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE
MANUAL IF CASEY AND THE OTHERS WHO PROMOTED THE IDEA OF A
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE PROGRAM SHOULD SHARE ANY BLAME.
THEY SAID SENIOR CIA PERSONNEL SENT KIRKPATRICK TO HONDURAS TO TRAIN
THE REBELS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE TECHNIQUES, BUT NOT SPECIFICALLY
TO WRITE A MANUAL. THEY SAID THE IDEA OF PUTTING THOSE LESSONS INTO A
MANUAL CAME LATER AND ITS APPROVAL REACHED ONLY TO MID-LEVELS OF THE
AGENCY.
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riNOTHER OFFICIAL SAID SOME OF THE PUNISHED Ca PERSONNEL HAVE ARGUED
THAT THE MANUAL REFLECTED A COMMANRBHR kO B1i 9 THAT
STEMMED FiEWWWEYREWWWWW&PtiVEL ORDERS THAT WERE GIVEN TO
OVER-ZEALOUS OPERATIVES TO CARRY OUT.
OUTLINING THAT POSITION! THIS OFFICIAL SAID THAT AT LEAST SOME OF
THE BLAME SHOULD FALL ON THE "PEOPLE WHO RECRUITED KIRKPATRICK AND
DISPATCHED HIM. HIRING HIM FRESH AND SENDING HIM DOWN THERE WERE
PARAMILITARY PEOPLE AND NOT THE ONES BEING DISCIPLINED."
THE OFFICIALS, ALL FAMILIAR WITH THE STEPS THAT LED UP TO
KIRKPATRICK'S HIRING, SAID THE DECISION CAME OUT OF A MEETING IN JUNE
/983 IN TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS.
THE OFFICIALS SAID THE MEETINGS CHAIRED BY CASEY, ALSO INVOLVED
DEPUTY DIRECTOR JOHN MCMAHON; DUANE CLARRIDGE, THEN HERD OF THE CIA's
LATIN AMERICAN DIVISION; AND SENIOR OFFICIALS OF THE AGENCY'S'
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIVISION, WHICH OVERSEES PARAMILITARY
OPERATIONS.
NONE OF THE HIGH-LEVEL OFFICIALS REPORTEDLY INVOLVED IN THE DECISION
TO HIRE A PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE EXPERT HAS DISCIPLINED, AND CIA
SPOKESMAN GEORGE LAUDER SAID NONE OF THEM WOULD COMMENT PUBLICLY ON
THE MANUAL.
THE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, WHO DISCUSSED HOW KIRKPATRICK HAS HIRED,
SAID THAT DESPITE REFERENCES THAT COULD BE INTERPRETED AS CONDONING
ASSASSINATION, THE MANUAL'S MAIN PURPOSE HAS TO CONVINCE NICARAGUAN
REBELS TO CONDUCT THEIR MILITARY OPERATIONS WITH AN EYE TOWARD
GAINING POPULAR SUPPORT.
FIVE MID-LEVEL OFFICIALS WERE DISCIPLINED OVER THE MANUAL, AND
KIRKPATRICK, R CONTRACT EMPLOYEE; WAS ALLOWED TO RESIGN. ANOTHER
MID-LEVEL CIA OFFICIAL, RECOMMENDED FOR PUNISHMENT BY THE INSPECTOR
GENERALS WAS SPARED DISCIPLINE BY CASEY.
IN APPROVING THE INSPECTOR GENERAL'S FINDINGS ON Nov. 101 PRESIDENT
REAGAN CONCLUDED THAT THE MANUAL VIOLATED NO U.S. LAW OR PRESIDENTIAL
EXECUTIVE ORDERS ALTHOUGH AGREEING WITH THE REPORT'S CONCLUSION THAT
THERE HAD BEEN "INSTANCES OF POOR JUDGMENT AND LAPSES OF OVERSIGHT
AT LOW LEVELS WITHIN THE AGENCY."
THE EXISTENCE OF THE 90-PAGE MANUAL, ENTITLED "PSYCHOLOGICAL
OPERATIONS IN GUERRILLA WAR," WAS REPORTED IN MID-OCTOBER, PROMPTING
INVESTIGATIONS BY THE CIA INSPECTOR GENERAL, THE PRESIDENT'S
INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT BOARD AND THE HOUSE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE.
??? 4111.?
'EDITORS' NOTE: ROBERT PARRY HAS COVERED CENTRAL AMERICAN AND
INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES FOR THE ASSOCIATED PRESS SINCE 1981.
AP-NY-12-02-84 1641E81
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hOffice of eurrentRftotitittioiraffeBAmilytita?StIpport
The Operations Center
News BinHeti : THE WASHINGTON TIMES, PAGE 3-D
The murder manual:
a bum rap for CIA?
I REED IRVINE
In the closing days of the pres-
idential election campaign the
Democrats seized upon a man-
ual the CIA had prepared for
the freedom fighters in Nicaragua
as a campaign issue.
The media eagerly put the story
on television news programs and on
the front pages. The allegation was
that the CIA was telling the Nicara-
guan freedom fighters to murder
Sandinista officials. This was said
to be a violation of the prohibition
on the agency's carrying-out of
assassinations.
Judging from the amount of
attention given the matter by the
media, one would have thought that
the general populace was outraged
by the revelations about the CIA
manual. One has to wonder whether
those millions of fans of TV pro-
grams such as the "A-Tam" and
movies such as the James Bond
series cringe at the thought that
their government might counte-
nance deeds of derring-do of the
type that they love to see on TV and
in the movies.
The outrage expressed by the
media and some politicians seemed
a bit excessive. The effort by the
' Democrats and Big Media to make
the "murder manual" into an issue
in the election apparently didn't
make a dent in the support for Ron-
ald Reagan. .
The CIA has reprimanded some
lower level personnel. The contract
employee who wrote the manual
has resigned, and that is likely to be
the end of the matter.
But what the public still hasn't
been told is just what this famous
manual was and how it came into
being.
About a year ago, the CIA hired
an outside expert in psychological
warfare to draft a handbook for the
Nicaraguan freedom fighters. This
was felt necessary largely because
.some of the Nicaraguan rebels.
were badly disciplined and were
doing things that were alienating
the people they were supposed to be
helping.
The manual was to tell them how
best to win over the civilian pop-
ulation. It advised thd freedom
fighters to befriend them, to help
them with their crops, to avoid
inflicting civilian casualties or
damaging their property.
In the first printing there were
three objectionable paragraphs
discussing the use of known
criminals to help the cause. The
freedom fighters themselves took
those paragraphs out, and they
were not included in the second
printing. This was known to many
in tne media months ago. They
rightly concluded that it wasn't
much of a story.
However, a few days before the
second Reagan-Mondale debate, a
reporter took a copy of the original
manual to Rep. Edward Boland,
D-Mass., who chairs the House
Intelligence Committee. Mr.
Boland, a close ally of Speaker Tip
O'Neill, issued a bitter public
denunciation of the manual and the
CIA. Sen. Pat Moynihan, D-N.Y., a
favorite of the TV networks, joined
in with expressions of moral out-
rage. -
26 NOVEMBER 1984
ITEM No, 1
If these gentlemen had been
more interested in helping both
their country and the cause of free-
dom in Nicaragua than in trying to
generate votes for me Mondale,
they might have quietly asked the
CIA to explain the manual, demand-
ing the deletion of material they
thought objectionable.
If they had done that, there would
have been no worldwide headlines
About the United States sponsoring
a "murder manual:' In the process,
they would have discovered why the
manual had come into existence,
and they would have learned that
"murder manual" was a totally mis-
leading label.
That label derived from a few
paragraphs which suggested that
some Sandinista officials should be.
"neutralized:' That could be done in
a number -of ways. One way sug-
gested was by the use of violence,
but killing was not specifically
mentioned.
In a civil war, it would be unreal-
istic, to say the least, to suggest that
those who were armed with deadly
weapons and were risking their own
lives should never kill the enemy.
This is a fact of life, and it is going
to happen whether any manual dis-
cusses it or not. No doubt assassina-
tion is one way enemy officals can
be neutralized, but clearly that was
not the thrust of this 90-page man-
ual.
The critics overlooked 'another
passage which advised that Sandin-
ista officials should not be mis-
treated even though they were
enemies of the people. It said the
freedom fighters, as Christian sol-
diers, must be generous to the foe.
By repeatedly labeling this work
a "murder manual" our Media
handed a weapon to the commu-
nists, one that they will exploit to
hinder the fighters for freedom in
?
Nicaragua.
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Office of CurrthrtRerttideiefloinciittleffilVieSiipport
The Operations Center
News Bulletin THE WASHINGTON POST, PAGE A-1
Nicaraguan
Rebel Group
Otsts Leader
Chamorro Had Accused
CIA of Duplicity
By Edward Cody
Washington Post Foreign Service
MIAMI, Nov. 24?The U.S.-backed Ni-
caraguan rebel movement expelled today
one of its top leaders who had accused the
CIA publicly of duplicity toward Congress
and the anti-Sandinista insurgents.
Adolfo Calero, president of the Ni-
caraguan Democratic Force, said the
group's National Directorate sent Edgar
Chamorro a letter informing him of his dis-
missal because he had become what Calero
called "a loose cannon." Chamorro con-
firmed that he had received the one-sen-
tence notice in today's mail and said he
thought he had been fired at the behest of
the CIA.
Chamorro's removal from the seven-
member directorate sealed an estrange-
ment that began quietly last spring after
younger officers took over the Honduran
armed forces and ordered increased discre-
tion for CIA-directed rebel activities in
Honduras. Chamorro, who was spokesman
for the rebels in Honduras, drew opposition
from Honduran officers and CIA advisers
because of his often frank descriptions of
insurgent actions. Because of pressure from
the Hondurans, Chamorro said, he was sent
home and cut out of insurgent deliberations
here and in Tegucigalpa, the Honduran cap-
ital.
The split broke into the open last month
with Chamorro's revelations about a CIA
manual advising rebels to "neutralize" cer-
tain Nicaragua government officials and his
charges that CIA officials who helped orga-
nize the main insurgent group here two
years ago committed the Reagan adminis-
tration to aid in overthrowing the Sandinista
government.
The statements attracted wide attention
because the word "neutralize" was taken as
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a euphemism for.assassination whichisfor
25 NOVEMBER 1984
bidden by presidential directive,
and because Congress has barred
the agency from spending appropri-
ations for the purpose of over-
throwing the Sandinistas.
In addition, Chamorro said CIA
officials coached rebel leaders on
how to make a good impression
with congressional opponents and
avoid raising delicate issues. The
American Civil Liberties Union has
filed suit charging that this could
violate U.S. statutes barring the
? agency from seeking to influence
other government bodies.
"That's ridiculous," Calero re-
torted in an interview. "If we were
from the hills of Tennessee, maybe
we would need it. But we are from a
sophisticated country."
[CIA spokeswoman Patti Volz
said she would not comment on
Chamorro's charges about the.
agency's role in organizing and as-
sisting the rebels. With respect to
the charge that CIA officials helped
rebel leaders present their case to
Congress, she said, "We are in com-
pliance with U.S. law and with our
obligations and responsibilities to
report to Congress."]
Chamorro, who lives in Key Bis-
cayne, Fla., said that what he de-
scribed as CIA duplicity about the
insurgents' goals and activities was
a large factor in his decision to
speak out.
While the Reagan administration
was telling Congress and the public
that the United States was funding
the rebels to interdict arms ship-
ments from Nicaragua to Salvador-
an guerrillas, Chamorro charged,
CIA officials were telling the rebels
privately that the real goal was to
topple the Sandinista leadership.
Then, he went on, the agency never
provided the support necessary to
reach that goal.
Calero, former owner of the Coca-
Cola bottling plant in Managua, said
today he and other FDN leaders un-
derstood from the beginning that
U.S. aid by law has been directed at
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stopping Nicaragua's support for Sal-
vadoran guerrillas.
Chamorro also said the collegial
leadership of the Nicaraguan Dem-
ocratic Force?FDN by its Spanish
initials?changed over the last year
until only three persons, working di-
rectly with the CIA, were making
decisions. These three included
Calero; Col. Enrique Bermudez, the
FDN military commander and a di-
rectorate member, and Aristides
Sanchez, Calero's personal assistant.
Bermudez and Sanchez were key
figures in earlier rebel groups as-
sociated with the rule of the late
Anastasio Somoza, overthrown by
the Sandinistas in 1979. The FDN
was formed late in 1982, at CIA
urging, to rid the struggle of its
Somoza links to enhance its image
in Congress and Latin America.
Rebel leaders said CIA funding
ran out last June after Congress
refused to appropriate more money
pending reconsideration of the issue
in February. But Calero has esti-
mated that the FDN, still the larg-
BROOKLYN RIVERA
. barred from Honduras
est and most active of several rebel
groups, has kept going by raising
slightly more than $3 million on its
own.
Calero, who lives in Miami, said
Chamorro's exclusion from the
FDN leadership was decided unan-
imously because Chamorro had re-
fused to cooperate with the direc-
torate's other six members and had
insisted on speaking out.
"We told him that we felt he has
excluded himself," Calero said to-
day. "This is a decision that was
long overdue."
Meanwhile, Brooklyn Rivera, a
Nicaraguan Indian rebel leader, was
refused entry into Honduras yes- ,
terday, preventing him from mak-
ing an attempt to promote unity
with other Indian insurgents and
possible peace talks with the San-
dinista government, according to
sources here in Miami and in Hon-
duras.
[In Paris, Reuter reported that
France has agreed to give about
$1.73 million in aid to Nicaragua.]
ADOLFO CALERO
... "from a sophisticated country"
- E N D ?
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- 'Office of etirtelitlertetittifoliAMPAWYeirSitpport
The Operations Center
News Heti
: Time (26 November 1984) Page 73 21 November 1984
Item No. 4
Skirmishes Over a Primer
The infamous CIA manual on guerrilla warfare might have
been written with the jungles of Nicaragua in mind, but its
chief effect so far has been to provoke conflict in Washington.
Last week skirmishes were raging not only between the Rea-
gan Administration and Capitol Hill but within the CIA. Five
middle-level agency officials, targeted to be disciplined for
their part in drafting the contentious primer, said they were
being used as scapegoats. Congressional critics charged that
the five were victims of a cover-up designed to protect senior
officials, notably CIA Director William J. Casey, who has su-
pervised the covert assistance to anti-Sandinista contras.
The latest flap began when President Reagan received
the disciplinary recommendation from the CIA's inspector
general. Reagan had ordered the internal investigation amid
a continuing clamor over sections of the manual that advo-
cated the "neutralization" of local Nicaraguan officials. Crit-
ics seized upon that term as a code word for assassination.
Furthermore, they charged, the manual shows that the CIA is
violating a 1982 congressional amendment barring it from
engaging in any activity aimed at overthrowing the Sandi-
nistas. Reagan responded with the credulity-straining expla-
nation that the word neutralization meant nothing more
than "you just say to the fellow that's sitting there in the of-
fice, 'You're not in the office any more.'"
The White House blamed the manual on a single, "low-
level" contract operative, identified pseudonymously as John
Kirkpatrick. The still secret inspector general's report ap-
parently suggested that Kirkpatrick resign, two employees
be suspended without pay and three others receive formal
letters of reprimand. New York Democrat Daniel Patrick
Moynihan compared the disciplinary measures with cancel-
ing "weekend privileges for a month."
Both the Senate and the House Intelligence Committees
are expected to reopen their investigation of the guerrilla
manual in early December. Some legislators even want to see
the matter referred to the Justice Department. Says Demo-
cratic Congressman Norman Mineta of California: "The CIA
and the President owe us some answers, and the inspector
general's report fails to give them."
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ioareoi _9Ofice ofeVteeddffonacnvigupp
ort
The Operations Center
ak? nee.
News ulletin The Washington Post, page A16
21 November 1984
Item No. 1
One of 6 Accused Employes -
Is Absolved by CIA Chief
Associated Press
CIA Director William J. Casey
has dropped disciplinary action
against one of six mid-level CIA em-
ployes singled out for punishment
over production of a manual for Ni-
caraguan rebels, intelligence offi-
cials said yesterday.
The officials, who insisted on an-
onymity, said Casey overturned the
proposed suspension of the chief of
a special CIA task force that over-
sees the covert operation directed
against Nicaragua's leftist govern-
ment.
Casey waived the suspension be-
cause, the sources said, the official
had received an agency commen-
dation in September 1983 for his
oversight of the Nicaraguan pro-
gram.
CIA spokesman George Lauder
continued to refuse to comment on
the investigation into the manual,
which advises rebels on the "selec-
tive use of violence" to "neutralize"
Nicaraguan officials.
Administration and congressional
sources have said the CIA inspector
general proposed sparing senior..
agency officials from punishment
but recommended that three mid-
level officials receive letters of rep-
rimand and that two others be sus-
pended without pay; The manual's
author, known by the pseudonym
John Kirkpatrick, agreed to resign
from his CIA contract.
Several of the punished officials,
however, refused to sign disciplin-
ary letters being put in their per-
sonnel files, contending that they
were being made "scapegoats" to
protect higher-level CIA officials,
the sources said.
The task force chief was consid-
ered one of the highest-ranking CIA
officials recommended for punish-
ment.
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UW
NICARAGUA?MANUAL
BY ROBERT PARRY
WASHINGTON (AR) -- CIA DIRECTOR WILLIAM J. CASEY HAS DROPPED
DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST ONE OF SIX MID?LEVEL CIA EMPLOYEES SINGLED
OUT FOR PUNISHMENT OVER PRODUCTION OF A NICARAGUAN REBEL MANUAL
INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS SAID TUESDAY.
THE OFFICIALS WHO INSISTED ON ANONYMITY$ SAID CASEY OVERTURNED THE
ROHM) SUSPENSION OF THE CHIEF OF A SPECIAL CIA TASK FORCE THAT
OVERSEES THE COVERT OPERATION DIRECTED AGAINST NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST
GOVERNMENT.
CASEY WAIVED THE SUSPENSION WITHOUT PAY BECAUSE $ THE SOURCES SAID,
THE OFFICIAL HAD RECEIVED RN AGENCY COMMENDATION IN SEPTEMBER 1983 FOR
HIS OVERSIGHT OF THE NICARAGUAN PROGRAM.
CIA SPOKESMAN GEORGE LAUDER CONTINUED TO REFUSE COMMENT ON THE
INVESTIGATION INTO THE MANUAL WHICH ADVISES REBELS ON THE "SELECTIVE
USE OF VIOLENCE" TO "NEUTRALIZE" NICARAGUAN OFFICIALS. THE SPY
AGENCY HAS NEVER RELEASED THE NAMES OF THE CIR OFFICIALS INVOLVED OR
PROVIDED ANY OTHER DETAILS ABOUT THE DISCIPLINING.
ADMINISTRATION AND CONGRESSIONAL SOURCES HAVE SAID THE CIA INSPECTOR
GENERAL PROPOSED SPARING SENIOR AGENCY OFFICIALS FROM PUNISHMENTS BUT
RECOMMENDED THAT THREE MID?LEVEL OFFICIALS RECEIVE LETTERS OF REPRImFND
AND TWO OTHERS BE SUSPENDED WITHOUT PRY. THE MANUAL'S AUTHOR5 KNOWN BY
THE PSEUDONYM JOHN KIRKPATRICKs AGREED TO RESIGN FROM HIS CIA CONTRACT.
SEVERAL OF THE PUNISHED OFFICIALS HOWEVERs REFUSED TO SIGN
DISCIPLINARY LETTERS BEING PUT IN THEIR PERSONNEL FILES CONTENDING
THAT THEY WERE BEING MADE "SCAPEGOATS" TO PROTECT HIGHER?LEVEL CIF
OFFICI? ALSs THE SOURCES SRID,
THE TASK FORCE CHIEF WAS CONSIDERED ONE OF THE HIGHEST?RANKING CIA
OFFICIALS RECOMMENDED FOR PUNISHMENT.
IN APPROVING THE INSPPCTOR GENERAL'S FINDINGS 11.1 DRYS AGO, PRESIDENT
REAGAN INSISTED THAT THE MANUAL'S CONTENTS DID NOT VIOLATE A
LONGSTANDING PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDER BARRING U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN
ASSASSINATIONS. EARLIERs THE PRESIDENT HAD SAID "NEUTRALIZING"
OFFICIALS MEANT TO "JUST SAY TO THE FELLA WHO'S SITTING THERE IN THE
OFFICES 'YOU'RE NOT IN THE OFFICE ANYMORE."'
NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT HAS CHARGED THAT REBEL FORCES HAVE
ASSASSINATED 854 CIVILIANS SINCE FIGHTING BEGAN IN i98i. LAST MONTHs
3t-4 ;#?.94495 PROPAGANDA DUFF OF THE CIA?BACKED NICARAGUAN
DEMOCRATIC FORCES SAID IT WAS THE REBEL GROUP'S "PRACTICE" TO EXECUTE
GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS DEEMED CRIMINALS -- RN ASSERTION DENIED BY OTHER
REBEL LEADERS.
RP?WX?ii-20-84 i719EST
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UP 044
R W
CIA
WASHINGTON (UPI) -- WHEN PRESIDENT RERGRN BLAMED POOR EDITING FOR
THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING A CIA 'HOW-TO" MANUAL ON GUERRILLA
kRRFRRE) SOMEONE IN THE AGENCY DECIDED TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT.-
RH EMPLOYEE IN THE CIA ORDERED A BOOK) "GETTING THE WORDS RIGHT:
HOW TO REVISE) EDIT & REWRITE" FROM WRITER'S DIGEST BOOKS IN
CINCINNATI) OHIO, THE COMPANY SAID TUESDAY.
BUT A COMPANY SPOKESWOMAN SAID THE ORDER, RECEIVED OCT. 29) WAS
RETURNED, BECAUSE WE REQUIRE PREPAYMENT FOR ONE-BOOK ORDERS)" EVEN
FROM GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. S, -
THE ORDER HAS NOT BE BEEN PLACED HAIN) SHE SAID.
IN THE SECOND NATIONALLY BROADCAST DEBATE WITH DEMOCRAT WALTER
MONDALE ON OCT. 21) REAGAN SAID THE MANUAL INSTRUCTING NICRRRGURN
REBELS IN POLITICAL BLPECKMRIL) ASSASSINATIONS AND MOB VIOLENCE WAS
WHITEN BY A FREELANCER WHOSE WORK WAS ALTERED CONSIDERABLY BY CIA
SUFERIORS BEFORE IT WAS PRINTED. SOME OF THE ORIGINAL COPIES "GOT OUT
DOWN THERE AND WERE NOT SUBMITTED FOR THIS PRINTING PROCESS BY THE.
CEA)" REAGRN SAID
UPI ii-20-84..12:23
?
? ?
Ear Wao4ington Eimeo
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1984 / PAGE 3D
ALBERT L. WEEKS
n ad that ran in The New
York Times of Oct. 26,
1979, some three months
ter the Sandinistas took
over the government in Managua,
cn
mils signed by a group calling itself
a'he "Guerrilla Army of the Poor
g.G.P." Etclaring that here was the
'.strategy to be followed by all
aVIarxist-Leninist fronts and guer-
illa groups operating in Central
me r ica , the E.G.P. made these
83oints in their paid-for (I assume),
dull-page space in the "what's-fit-to-
92)rint" American newspaper:
?Nil ? "The Soviet Union's and other
ocialist countries's foreign policy
Bias recoiered [its] militant charac-
crter [so that] the camp of Socialism
co
and revelution has now been globally strengthened by popular and
Ccrevolutianary victories in Asia,
cgkfrica, and Latin America."
5 ? "The global picture shows, in
? general, un accelerated change in
ghe corre'.ation,of forces in favor of
he Socialist and national-
iberationcamp.. . . The worldwide .?
Onilitar7 balance between
gcapitalisn and Socialism, creates a
Naituation in which imperialist &-
odes .. . can no longer unleash dev-
Atstating wars on the weak and
?abackwardpeoples who dare to defy
Shem and appose domination."
``. ? "The people's revolutionary
owar [is] the only way for the rev-
u-olution ant the transformation of
lthe unjust and oppobrio0 [sic] sta-
w
>tus which ii oppressing our people."
o
&_
ct Albert L. Weeks is a political sci-
ence professor at New York Univer-
sity.
e CIA's manual isn't the only one
? "[This revolution] is part and
consequence of the world struggle
between the capitalist system on
one side and the forces of Socialism
and national liberation on the
other."
? "It is a significant fact that the
anti-Communist positions of [Euro-
pean] Social-Democracy have been
toned down in reference to the
many . . . fundamental issues
related to the situation in Latin
America and the issue of armed
struggle, [which defines] the
nature of Latin American
struggles."
As Lenin instructed in his Guer-
rilla Warfare (1906), "A Marxist ?
bases himself on class struggle, not
social peace." And Engels: "All rev-
olution, Whatever form it may take,
is a form of violence:' quoted by
Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap in The Mili-
tary Art of People's War.
The above constitutes a foreword
of sorts for all the latter-day
revolutionary instructions and
manuals prepared for Marxist
"class" and "national-liberation"
wars waged at the present time
throughout the Third World.
Such revolutionary instructions
take the form of, e.g.:
? The famous Mini-Manual, pub-
lished by the Uruguayan Thpamaro
Marxists in 1969.
? Captured guerrilla documents.
' ? Latin-American
'revolutionists's memoirs and
instructions for guerrilla organiza-
tions and their fronts, inserted in
volumes of guerrilla literature,
known as "Lib Lit," which can be
read merely by visiting the Rev-
olution Books store on West 10th
Street in Greenwich Village, Man-
hattan.
- In all these writings, detailed
instructions are found for destabil-
. izing "bourgeois" society and its
? institutions by unleashing terror
and sabotage, by kidnapping offi-
cials, businessmen, foreign ambas-
sadors, etc., and holding them
hostage, and by disrupting
transportation and communica-
tions.
In fact, reading such open litera-
ture, one gets the feeling that
'whoever the real author of the noto-
rious "CIA manual" is, his propos-
als for destabilizing the Sandinista
junta in Nicaragua are certainly
unoriginal. There is absolutely
nothing in the manual, in fact, that
was not already boilerplate in
revolutionary literature all the way
back to the Russian Narodnik ter-
rorists of the 1870s ? whom Lenin
said must be emulated ? to the Bol-
sheviks themselves in 1917 and
beyond, and for the Marxist forces
making up the "national-liberation
' struggle" today.
Moreover, many of the tech-
niques of the type recommended to
the Contras in the CIA manual may
be found also in materials of the
Third International Comintern, for-
mally dissolved in 1943 but cryp-
tically reconstituted under the
aegis of the Soviet Central Commit-
tee's International Department,
headed today by party secretary
.Boris I. Ponomarev, a former
!Comintern secretary.
' Indeed, taken together, the cor-
pus of Marxist-Leninist
instructions and exegeses on
revolutionary tactics and strategy '
isucceed in making the author of the
CIA manual look like a gross
plagiarizer, and a rather poor one at
that.
The following are among the
gleanings, with their sources, from
'a reading of various instructions,
.manuals, and advisories compos-
ing the nearly century-old tradition
of Communist-style revolutionism
? from the Narodniks and the Bol-
sheviks of yore, to the partisans and
'guerrillas, "people's militias," and
"liberation armies" of Lenin, Mao,
Ho, Guevara, Castro, the
Ilipamaros, the Ortega brothers,
and the Salvadoran Farabundo
Marti Popular Forces of Liberation,
led by "Comrade Marcial" Salvador
Cayetano Carpio.
Armed action and Destablization:
"The essence of the question is
whether tbe masses will be led to
believe that the revolutionary
movement, that Socialism, can
come to power without a struggle,
that it can come to power
peacefully. That is a lie, and any
persons in Latin America who
assert that they will come to power ?
peacefully are deceiving them-
selves." ? Fidel Castro's speech of
Aug. 10,1967.
["The important thing is] to
accentuate [social] tension day-by-
day." ? Voices From El Salvador, by
Mario Menendez Rodriguez, 1983.
"It is not necessary to wait until
all conditions making for rev-
olution exist; revolution must cre-
ate them." ? Che Guevara's
Guerrilla Warfare, c. 1963.
"A ruthless guerrilla war of
extermination against the govern-
ment perpetrators of violence,
which undoubtedly means killing
them by means of 'guerrilla
actions,' appears to us to be timely
and expedient." ? Lenin, The
lEvents of the Day, Aug. 21, 1906.
(Sabotage:
? Instructions On how to blow up
bridges and railroad tracks, tear
down transmission lines, rob
banks, and by other means obtain
funds, and generally confound the
daily life of urban dwellers for
revolutionary purposes, kidnap and
"liquidate" [assassinate] civilian
officials and military men, intimi-
date peasants and city-dwellers
with armed drills, incursions,
sniper fire, etc. ? paraphrased'
from the llipamaros Mini-Manual,
reproduced in part in Claire Ster-
ling's The Terror N etwork, and from
the 1941 manual of the French Com-
munist Party describing the meth-
ods of destabilization to be carried
out during the Nazi-Soviet Pact
against Allied defense industry
and, after the German invasion of
the U.S.S.R., against the Nazi occu-
pation by the Communist-
infiltrated partisan movement,
reproduced in A. Rossi, A Commu-
,rust Party in Action: An Account of
the Organization and Operations in
France.
? "The streets must be filled with
tree-trunks, rocks, overturned
cars, and broken bottles." ?July 10,
1979, underground "Radio Sandino"
broadcast, in The Triumph of the
People: the Sandinista Revolution
in Nicaragua.
Kidnapping and Assassination:
"The revolutionary movement
frequently uses kidnapping as a
weapon in the struggle for the
transformation of Salvadorean
society. . . From the political point
of view, kidnapping serves to draw'
attention to the plight of the Sal-
vadorean people and the reasons
:for their struggle . . . Kidnapping
.enables us to obtain information
that permits us to act against strate-
gic objectives of the enemy." ?
Voices From El Salvador.
["It is necessary] to destroy the
enemy ? landlords and bureau-
crats, especially the police. . . This
struggle aims at assassinating indi-
viduals, chiefs and subordinates in
the army and the police." ? Lenin,
Lessons of the Moscow Uprising,
Aug. 29, 1906.
All of this strife and bloodshed in
: the name of Marxist-Leninist "rev-
olution" ? or is it reaction? ? was
summed up with predictable sang-
froid by a Sandinista guerrilla
leader as "a violence of love."
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IOffice of efiltairePrcidifaidinfitIBMinilleStipport
The Operations Center
News Bulletin : UPI Service Wire, UP034
16 November 1984
Item No. 2
UP 034
RW
CIA
BY ELIOT BRENNER
WASHINGTON (UPI) -- THREE OF SIX MIDDLE-LEVEL CIA EMPLOYEES CALLED
ON THE CARPET FOR THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN THE AGENCY'S GUERRILLA WARFARE
MANUAL WILL BE INTERVIEWED BY THE HOUSE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE)
SOURCES SAY.
THE SOURCES ALSO SAID THURSDAY THAT AT LEAST TWO OF THE CIA
EMPLOYEES ORDERED DISCIPLINED BY PRESIDENT REAGAN OVER THE MANUAL
PREPARED FOR NICARAGUAN REBELS) ARE FIGHTING THEIR PUNISHMENT.
CONGRESSIONAL SOURCES SAID THE HOUSE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE WILL
INTERVIEW THREE OF THE SIX CIA WORKERS IN ADVANCE OF AN OVERSIGHT
HERRING SCHEDULED FOR EARLY DECEMBER.
THE SOURCES) WHO ASKED NOT TO BE IDENTIFIED) SAID THE EMPLOYEES
WELL BE INTERVIEWED BY EITHER MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE OR ITS STAFF.
THE DISCIPLINARY ACTION WAS TAKEN AFTER REAGAN APPROVED A CIA
INSPECTOR GENERAL'S REPORT SATURDAY. NO SENIOR-LEVEL CIA OFFICIALS
WERE PUNISHED.
FIVE EMPLOYEES WERE GIVEN LETTERS OF REPRIMAND OR SUSPENDED, AND
SOURCES SAID AT LEAST TWO OF THEN ARE EITHER PROTESTING THEIR
SUSPENSIONS OR REFUSING TO SIGN THE LETTERS.
THE SIXTH INDIVIDUAL IS BELIEVED TO BE A CIA CONTRACT EMPLOYEE WHO
WROTE THE BOOKLET AND WENT BY THE PSEUDONYM JOHN KIRKPATRICK. HE WAS
SAID TO HAVE BEEN ALLOWED TO TERMINATE HIS AGREEMENT WITH THE CIA.
UPI ii-16-84 ii:37 AES
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By Joe Fernandez
CHAMORRO: Says he pub-
lished guerrilla manual
was shown in Nicaragua. They
said all the wealthy places be-
longed to me."
? Ben Barber
STAT
Office of eifitMeePtediflidiargartiTiM?gapport
The Operations Center
News Bulletin USA Today, Page 2A
16 November 1984
Item No. 1
Rabble-rousing rebel tackles CIA?
Edgar Chamorro has been a
Jesuit priest, a Harvard grad stu-
dent, a dean at Central Ameri-
can University, and the spokes-
man for a Nicaraguan guerrilla
organization. In recent weeks,
independent Chamorro has
adopted a new role: whistle
blower.
Chamorro admitted he pub-
lished a controversial guerrilla
warfare manual and worked for
the CIA in Miami and in Hondu-
ras to overthrow Nicaragua's
Sandinista regime. His scrap-
book of news clippings testifies
to the furor he raised in Wash-
ington.
Chamorro said he came for-
ward "to debate the issues. Co-
vert war is hypocrisy. We have
been going nowhere, but people
are getting killed."
Now cut off by Congress from
his CIA income of $1,500 to
$2,000 a month, Chamorro, 53,
lives on Key Biscayne. His say-
imp and wife Linda's earnings
as an interior designer support
their family of four.
Chamorro, who left Nicara-
gua three months after the San-
dinistas came to power in 1979,
has lived in Florida long enough
that his grade-school son now
speaks English more fluently
than Spanish.
At first, Chamorro joined ex-
iles in informal, intellectual op-
position to the government. He
says he joined the FDN (Nicara-
guan Democratic Forces), the
largest of the "contra" guerrillas
groups in December 1982 "be-
cause an American, saying he
spoke for the (U.S.) president
asked me to."
The Chamorros, wealthy and
politically prominent in Nicara-
gua, have relatives on both sides
of the dispute ? six cousins are
Sandinista ministers.
As one of FDN's seven-mem-
ber directorate, Chamorro
served as spokesman and public
relations specialist, supervised
clandestine radio broadcasts
and gave lectures to guerrillas.
But three months ago ? after
he started speaking out publicly
and embarrassing the CIA, Cha-
morro was dropped as spokes-
man. And next week, according
to Adolfo Calero of the FDN di-
rectorate, Chamorro will be told
to "integrate" with the organiza-
tion or be removed from the di-
rectorate.
Miami seems safe to Cha-
morro, but he's changed his
phone number and moved a cou-
ple of times. He recalls the time
a British camera crew took him
for a ride around Miami, posing
him in front of wealthy homes
and boats.
"I later heard they were hired
by the Sandinistas and the film
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Office of eurrentRProduelitfirartitAnitlyttirSupport
The Operations Center
News Bulletin : THE AP WIRE SERVICE 15 NOVEMBER 1984
ITEM NO. 1
;PM-NICARAGUA-MANUAL, BJT10736
;CIA OFFICIALS, REJECTING BLAME OVER MANUAL, To BE QUESTIONED
;BY ROBERT PARRY
;ASSOCIATED PRESS WRITER
WASHINGTON (AP) - CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATORS ARE PLANNING TO
INTERVIEW MIDLEVEL CIA OFFICIALS WHO WERE DISCIPLINED OVER THE SPY
AGENCY'S NICARAGUAN REBEL MANUAL BUT WHO REPORTEDLY CLAIM THEY WERE
MADE "SCAPEGOATS" TO PROTECT SENIOR CIA OFFICIALS.
ADMINISTRATION AND CONGRESSIONAL SOURCES, WHO INSISTED ON ANONYMITY,
SAID WEDNESDAY THAT SEVERAL OF THE SIX CIA EMPLOYEES PUNISHED IN
CONNECTION WITH THE MANUAL HAVE REFUSED TO ACCEPT THE DISCIPLINE BY
REFUSING TO SIGN LETTERS BEING PLACED IN THEIR PERSONNEL FILES.
THE SOURCES SAID THOSE OBJECTING TO THE DISCIPLINE CLAIM 'THEY HAD NO
ROLE IN APPROVING THE ORIGINAL MANUAL; WHICH COUNSELS THE CIA-BACKED
REBELS ON "SELECTIVE USE OF VIOLENCE" TO "NEUTRALIZE" OFFICIALS
OF NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT.
PRESIDENT REAGAN ON SATURDAY APPROVED A RECOMMENDATION BY THE CIA
INSPECTOR GENERAL METING OUT DISCIPLINE TO A NUMBER OF MIDLEVEL
AGENCY OFFICIALS BUT SPARING SENIOR OFFICIALS FROM ANY PUNISHMENT.
REAGAN ALSO SAID THE MANUAL'S CONTENTS DID NOT VIOLATE A LONGSTANDING
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDER BARRING U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN
ASSASSINATIONS.
BUT CONGRESSIONAL DEMOCRATS ARE STEPPING UP THEIR CRITICISM OF
REAGAN'S DECISION AND ARE CALLING FOR A THOROUGH INVESTIGATION BY
HOUSE AND SENATE OVERSIGHT COMMITTEES.
SEN. PATRICK LEAHY, D-1./T., A RANKING SENATE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE
MEMBER, SAID, "IF ALL THEY ARE DOING IS SLAPPING ON THE WRIST A FEW
LONER-LEVEL PEOPLE, YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE VERY CYNICAL 70 REALIZE THAT
SOMEBODY IS BEING PROTECTED."
LEAHY SAID THE COMMITTEE MUST "THOROUGHLY REVIEW" THE INSPECTOR
GENERAL'S REPORT TO PINPOINT PROBLEMS IN THE CIA's
COMMAND-AND-CONTROL STRUCTURE AND TO "SEE IF SOMEONE WAS MADE A
SCAPEGOAT."
REP. NORMAN Y. HINETA, D-CALIF., R SENIOR HOUSE INTELLIGENCE
COMMITTEE MEMBER; SAID THE WHITE HOUSE STATEMENT ON THE CIA REPORT
"CONFIRMS MY EARLIER SUSPICION THAT THE REPORT MOULD BE A WHITEWASH.
(IT) APPARENTLY DUMPS THE BLAME ON MIDDLE-LEVEL PEOPLE.
'WHAT ABOUT THE SENIOR-LEVEL PEOPLE WHO EITHER KNEW ABOUT THE
MANUAL OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN ABOUT IT?/' HINETA ASKED.
SOURCES SAID THE HOUSE COMMITTEE STAFF PLANNED TO BEGIN INTERVIEWING
THE DISCIPLINED CIA OFFICIALS, POSSIBLY AS EARLY AS 10Dfri5 AS PART OF
THE PANEL'S CONTINUING REVIEW OF HOW THE MANUAL WAS PRODUCED AND WHAT
ROLE WAS PLAYED BY SENIOR OFFICIALS, INCLUDING CIA DIRECTOR WILLIAM
J. CASEY.
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP8613002691?
THE COMMITTEE IS EXPECTED TO HOLD HEARINGS ON THE ISSUE THE FIRST
WEEK IN DECEMBER.
ALTHOUGH THE WHITE HOUSE HAS REFUSED TO PROVIDE DETAILS ABOUT THE
DISCIPLINE, ADMINISTRATION AND CONGRESSIONAL SOURCES SAID THIS WEEK
THAT SIX CIA EMPLOYEES HERE PUNISHED S WITH THREE GIVEN LETTERS OF
REPRIMAND, TWO SUSPENDED WITHOUT PAYS AND THE AUTHOR OF THE MANUAL,
IDENTIFIED BY HIS PSEUDONYM JOHN KIRKPATRICK, ALLOWED TO RESIGN FROM
HIS AGENCY CONTRACT.
ONE ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL SAID THOSE PUNISHED INCLUDED THE CIA
STATION CHIEF IN HONDURAS, WHERE MOST OF THE U.S.-BACKED REBELS ARE
BASED, AND OFFICIALS INVOLVED IN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE
NICARAGUAN COVERT ACTION.
THE OFFICIAL, SPEAKING ONLY ON CONDITION HE NOT BE IDENTIFIED, SAID
THE DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS HAD RAISED CONCERNS INSIDE THE CIA THAT "A
PRECEDENT (WAS BEING SET THAT WHEN PROBLEMS ARISE) RESPONSIBILITY
WILL BE GIVEN TO THE PEOPLE IN THE TRENCHES WHO ARE IMPLEMENTING
LEGALLY GIVEN ORDERS."
THE OFFICIAL SAID THE MIDLEVEL PERSONNEL BELIEVED THEY WERE 'BEING
MADE
MADE SCAPEGOATS TO PROTECT" SENIOR OFFICIALS, INCLUDING CASEY, WHO
HAS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED THE NICARAGUAN COVERT ACTION SINCE REAGAN
AUTHORIZED IT IN DECEMBER i98i.
THE OFFICIAL SAID THAT DESPITE REAGAN'S ASSERTION DURING THE OCT. a
PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE THAT THE MANUAL WAS REVIEWED BY CIA PERSONNEL IN
CENTRAL AMERICA AND IN WASHINGTON, THERE NEVER WAS AN "OFFICIAL
kEVIEW PROCESS," HE SAID THOSE BEING DISCIPLINED HAD ONLY SEEN
BOUND, PRINTED COPIES OF THE BOOK AND THAT ONLY ONE OF THEM EVEN
PARTIALLY REVIEWED IT.
WHILE THE CIA CONTINUES TO REFUSE ALL COMMENT ABOUT THE
INVESTIGATION INTO THE MANUAL, ANOTHER ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL, WHO
ALSO SPOKE ONLY ON CONDITION HE NOT BE IDENTIFIED, CONFIRMED THAT THE
DISCIPLINING HAD UPSET SOME OF THE CIA PERSONNEL WHO WERE PUNISHED,
"THIS (THE MANUAL) IS A MATTER THAT HAS CAUSED (THE AGENCY) A GREAT
DEAL OF TROUBLE BOTH INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY," HE SAID.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE 90-PAGE MANUALS ENTITLED "PSYCHOLOGICAL
OPERATIONS IN GUERRILLA WAR," WAS REPORTED A MONTH AGO BY THE
ASSOCIATED PRESS. THE FIRST VERSION, DISTRIBUTED TO REBELS A YEAR
AGO, CONTAINED SECTIONS ON "NEUTRALIZING" UNPOPULAR NICARAGUAN
OFFICIALS; HIRING PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS TO CARRY OUT "SELECTIVE
JOBS;" ARRANGING THE DEATH OF A REBEL SUPPORTER 70 CREATE A
"MARTYR" AND COERCING NICARAGUANS INTO CARRYING OUT REBEL
ASSIGNMENTS,
RP-N1-11-15-84 0236EST
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Office of etirttintRftlitilletiOliA-AMBNOWSiipport
The Operations Center
News %Reda ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON 14 November 1984
# N 072 Item No. 2
NO72
UN
NICARAGUA-MANUAL
BY ROBERT PARRY
WASHINGTON (AP) -- SEVERAL CIA MID-LEVEL OFFICIALS DISCIPLINED OVER
THE SPY AGENCY'S PRODUCTION OF A NICARAGUAN REBEL MANUAL HAVE OBJECTED
TO THE PUNISHMENTS; CONTENDING THEY ARE BEING HOE "SCAPEGOATS" TO
PROTECT SENIOR CIA OFFICIALS; ADMINISTRATION SOURCES SAY.
ONE ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL; WHO INSISTED ON ANONYMITY: SAID SEVERAL
OF THE SIX PUNISHED CIA EMPLOYEES HAD REFUSED TO ACCEPT THE DISCIPLINE
BY BALKING AT SIGNING LETTERS THAT ARE BEING PLACED IN THEIR PERSONNEL
FILES.
THE OFFICIAL SAID THOSE OBJECTING TO THE DISCIPLINE CLAIM THEY HAD
NO ROLE IN APPROVING THE ORIGINAL MANUAL WHICH COUNSELS THE CIA-BACKED
REBELS ON "SELECTIVE USE OF VIOLENCE" TO "NEUTRALIZE" OFFICIALS OF
NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT.
PRESIDENT REAGAN ON SATURDAY APPROVED A RECOMMENDATION BY THE CIA
INSPECTOR GENERAL METING OUT DISCIPLINE TO A HANDFUL OF MID-LEVEL
AGENCY OFFICIALS; BUT SPARING SENIOR OFFICIALS FROM ANY PUNISHMENT.
REAGAN ALSO INSISTED THAT THE MANUAL'S CONTENTS DID NOT VIOLATE A
LONGSTANDING PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDER BARRING U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN
ASSASSINATIONS.
SOME CONGRESSIONAL 'DEMOCRATS HAVE CRITICIZED THE FINDINGS AND SAID
OVERSIGHT HEARINGS, EXPECTED AFTER THANKSGIVING: WOULD EXAMINE THE ROLE
OF CIA DIRECTOR WILLIAM J. CASEY AND OTHER TOP OFFICIALS.
REP. NORMAN Y. NINETA: D-CALIF.: A SENIOR HOUSE INTELLIGENCE
COMMITTEE MEMBER: SAID THE WHITE HOUSE STATEMENT ON THE CIA REPORT
"CONFIRMS MY EARLIER SUSPICION THAT THE REPORT WOULD BE A WHITEWASH.
(IT) APPARENTLY DUMPS THE BLAME ON MIDDLE-LEVEL PEOPLE.
"WHAT ABOUT THE SENIOR-LEVEL PEOPLE WHO EITHER KNEW ABOUT THE
MANUAL OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN ABOUT IT?"
ALTHOUGH THE WHITE HOUSE HAS REFUSED 70 PROVIDE DETAILS ABOUT THE
DISCIPLINE: ADMINISTRATION AND CONGRESSIONAL SOURCES SAID THIS WEEK
THAT SIX CIA EMPLOYEES WERE PUNISHED: WITH THREE GIVEN LETTERS OF
REPRIMAND: TWO SUSPENDED WITHOUT PAY: AND THE AUTHOR OF THE MANUAL:
IDENTIFIED BY HIS PSEUDONYM JOHN KIRKPATRICK: ALLOWED TO RESIGN FROM
HIS AGENCY CONTRACT.
ONE ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL SAID THOSE PUNISHED INCLUDED THE CIA
STATION CHIEF IN HONDURAS: WHERE MOST OF THE U.S.-BACKED REBELS ARE
USED: AND OFFICIALS INVOLVED IN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE
NICARAGUAN COVERT ACTION.
THE OFFICIAL SAID THE DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS HAD RAISED CONCERNS
INSIDE THE CIA THAT "A PRECEDENT (WAS BEING SET THAT WHEN PROBLEMS
ARISE) RESPONSIBILITY WILL BE GIVEN TO THE PEOPLE IN THE TRENCHES WHO
ARE IMPLEMENTING LEGALLY GIVEN ORDERS."
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
Nii6
RW
NICARAGUA?MANUAL (TOPS NO78)
BY ROBERT PARRY
WASHINGTON (AP) -- SEVERAL CIA MID?LEVEL OFFICIALS DISCIPLINED OVER
THE SPY AGENCY'S PRODUCTION OF A NICARAGUAN REBEL MANUAL HAVE OBJECTED
TO THE PUNISHMENTSs CONTENDING THEY ARE BEING MADE "SCAPEGOATS" TO
PROTECT SENIOR CIA OFFICIALSs ADMINISTRATION AND CONGRESSIONAL SOURCES
SAID WEDNESDAY.
THE SOURCES, WHO INSISTED ON ANONYMITYs SAID SEVERAL OF THE SIX
PUNISHED CIA EMPLOYEES HAD REFUSED TO ACCEPT THE DISCIPLINE BY BALKING
AT SIGNING LETTERS THAT ARE BEING PLACED IN THEIR PERSONNEL FILES.
THE SOURCES SAID THOSE OBJECTING TO THE DISCIPLINE CLAIM THEY HAD NO
ROLE IN APPROVING THE ORIGINAL MANUAL WHICH COUNSELS THE CIA?BACKED
REBELS ON "SELECTIVE USE OF VIOLENCE" TO "NEUTRALIZE" OFFICIALS OF
NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT,
PRESIDENT REAGAN ON SATURDAY APPROVED A RECOMMENDATION BY THE CIA
INSPECTOR GENERAL METING OUT DISCIPLINE TO A HANDFUL OF MID?LEVEL
AGENCY OFFICIALS BUT SPARING SENIOR OFFICIALS FROM ANY PUNISHMENT.
REAGAN ALSO SAID THF MANUAL'S CONTENTS DID NOT VIOLATE A. LONGSTANDING
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDER BARRING U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN ASSASSINATIONS.
SOME CONGRESSIONAL DEMOCRATS HAVE CRITICIZED THE FINDINGS AND SAID
OVERSIGHT HEARINGS EXPECTED AFTER THANKSGIVING, WOULD EXAMINF THF ROLE
OF CIA DIRECTOR WILLIAM J. CASEY AND OTHER TOP OFFICIALS.
SEN. PATRICK LERHYs D?VT.s A RANKING SENATE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE
MEMBERS SAID "IF ALL THEY ARE DOING IS SLAPPING ON THE WRIST A FEW
LOWER?LEVEL PEOPLE YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE VERY CYNICAL TO REALIZE THAT
SOMEBODY IS BEING PROTECTED."
LEAHY SAID. THE COMMITTEE MUST "THOROUGHLY REVIEW" THE INSPECTOR
GENERAL'S REPORT TO PINPOINT PROBLEMS IN THE CIA'S COMMAND?AND?CONTROI
STRUCTURE AND TO "SEE IF SOMEONE WAS MADE A SCAPEGOAT."
AP?WX?ii-14-84 1734E5T
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Office of ClintliferttiffieffOiniitrAiiMeSitipport
The Operations Center r s
News
uileti
ASSOCIATED PRESS WASHINGTON 14 November 1984
Item No. 2 (1st Addendum)
# N 078
NO78
UN
NICARAGUA-MANUAL: 1ST ADD (N072)
THE OFFICIAL SAID THE MID-LEVEL PERSONNEL BELIEVED THEY WERE "BEING
MADE SCAPEGOATS TO PROTECT" SENIOR OFFICIALS: INCLUDING CASEY: WHO HAS
PERSONALLY SUPERVISED THE NICARAGUAN COVERT ACTION SINCE REAGAN
AUTHORIZED IT IN DECEMBER 1981.
THE OFFICIAL THAT DESPITE REAGAN'S ASSERTION DURING THE OCT. 21
PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE THAT THE MANUAL MRS REVIEWED BY CIA PERSONNEL IN
CENTRAL AMERICA AND IN WASHINGTON; THERE NEVER WAS AN "OFFICIAL REVIEW
PROCESS." HE SAID THOSE BEING DISCIPLINED HAD ONLY SEEN BOUND: PRINTED
COPIES OF THE BOOK AND THAT ONLY ONE OF THEM EVEN PARTIALLY REVIEWED IT.
THE OFFICIAL ADDED THAT PUNISHMENT HAD FALLEN DISPROPORTIONATELY ON
CIA PERSONNEL ASSOCIATED WITH THE LATIN AMERICA DIVISION: WITH THE
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIVISION, WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PARAMILITARY
ACTIVITIES WORLDWIDE: LARGELY SPARED FROM DISCIPLINE.
THE OFFICIAL SAID KIRKPATRICK HAD BEEN HIRED BY INTERNATIONAL
AFFAIRS AS AN EXPERT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE AND IT WAS THAT SECTION
THAT SENT HIM TO CENTRAL AMERICA, APPARENTLY WITHOUT INFORMING HIM
ABOUT RULES GOVERNING CIA ACTIVITIES.
THE MANUAL WAS "REALLY A COMMAND-AND-CONTROL PROBLEM:" THE
OFFICIAL SAID.
WHILE THE CIA CONTINUES TO REFUSE ALL COMMENT ABOUT THE
INVESTIGATION INTO THE MANUAL: ANOTHER ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL: WHO
SPOKE ONLY ON CONDITION HE NOT BE IDENTIFIED; CONFIRMED THAT THE
DISCIPLINING HAD UPSET SOME OF THE CIA PERSONNEL WHO WERE PUNISHED.
"THIS (THE MANUAL) IS A MATTER THAT HAS CAUSED (THE AGENCY) A GREAT
DEAL OF TROUBLE BOTH INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY:" HE SAID.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE 90-PAGE MANUAL; ENTITLED "PSYCHOLOGICAL
OPERATIONS IN GUERRILLA WAR," WAS REPORTED h MONTH AGO BY THE
ASSOCIATED PRESS. THE FIRST VERSION: DISTRIBUTED TO REBELS A YEAR AGO,
CONTAINED SECTIONS ON "NEUTRALIZING" UNPOPULAR NICARAGUAN OFFICIALS;
HIRING PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS TO CARRY OUT "SELECTIVE JOBS";
ARRANGING THE DEATH OF A REBEL SUPPORTER TO CREATE A "MARTYR"; AND
COERCING NICARRGURNS INTO CARRYING OUT REBEL ASSIGNMENTS.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SOURCES SAID THE ONE PARAGRAPH REFERRING TO
PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS WAS DELETED BEFORE A LATER PRINTING OF THE
MANUAL EARLY THIS YEAR. ONE OFFICIAL SAID THAT DELETION OCCURRED
BECAUSE A SPANISH LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR NOTICED TIE AND POINTED
IT OUT terirsoirregfittireriN62 ilciftemoo""
RP-MX-31-1444 1454EST
OPERATIONSrVENTERMTARENTAIMPOrrendier"
News Bulletin: UPI SERVICE WIRE, UP101
12 NOVEMBER 19814
ITEM No, 2
UP101
RW
MOYNIHAN
BY TIM GOLDEN
WASHINGTON (UPI) --.SEN. DANIEL MOYNIHAN, D-N.Y.1 MONDAY
CRITICIZED PRESIDENT REAGAN'S DECISION TO REPRIMAND ONLY LOW-LEVEL
CIA OFFICIALS FOR A NICARAGUAN REBEL MANUAL, SAYING ITS PRODUCTION
REPRESENTED ?A FAILURE OF COMMAND.?
'IF ANYBODY'S TO BE REPRIMANDED, IT SHOULD NOT BE IN THE FIELD,'
NUKIHANt VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON
LMTELLIGENCE, SAID IN A TELEPHONE INTERVIEW FROM JERUSALEM.
'THERE'S A FAILURE OF COMMNAND HERE,' MOYNIHAN SAID.
REAGAN APPROVED TWO INTERNAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MANUAL
UTURDAY, CONCLUDING THAT THE AGENCY'S PREPARATION OF THE MANUAL DID
MOT VIOLATE U.S. LAW OR A BAN ON CIA INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL
ASSASSINATIONS.
A CIA INSPECTOR GENERAL'S REPORT 'IDENTIFIED INSTANCES OF POOR
JUDGMENT AND LAPSES IN OVERSIGHT AT LOWER LEVELS WITHIN THE AGENCY?
THAT LED TO THE MANUAL'S DISTRIBUTION BEFORE OBJECTIONABLE MATERIAL
CONCERNING THE USE OF VIOLENCE COULD BE EXCISED.
THE 90-PAGE MANUAL RECOMMENDS THE 'SELECTIVE USE OF VIOLENCE' TO
'NEUTRALIZE' OFFICIALS OF NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT.
THE WHITE HOUSE SAID DISCIPLINARY ACTION AGAINST AN UNSPECIFIED
NUMBER OF CIA EMPLOYEES COULD INCLUDE LETTERS OF REPRIMAND AND
SUSPENSION OF PRY t BUT DID NOT SAY WHETHER ANY WOULD BE FIRED. IN HIS
OCT. 2i TELEVISED DEBATE WITH DEMOCRAT WALTER MONDALE, REAGAN SAID HE
WOULD DISMISS ANY CIA EMPLOYEE FOUND RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MANUAL.
MOYNIHAN, WHO WAS IN JERUSALEM TO ATTEND A CONFERENCE BUT HAD READ
THE CIA INSPECTOR GENERAL'S REPORT ON THE MANUAL, SAID HE DID NOT
THINK THE REPORT PRESENTED ALL THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE ABOUT THE
MANUAL.
"IT'S NOT THE STORY I WOULD TELLS' HE SAID, NOTING THE REPORT DID
MOT POINT OUT THE MANUAL WAS DRAWN FROM A COURSE ON COMMUNIST
GUERRILLA TACTICS USED IN 1968 AT THE U.S. ARMY SPECIAL WARFARE
SCHOOL AT FORT BRAGG.
(CONTINUED ON BACK)
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
"kHAT IS THE MATTER WITH OIR AGENCY THAT THEY CANNOT RECOGNIZE A
COMMUNIST TEXT? MOYNIHAN ASKED, ADDING, 'THIS IS NOT SOMETHING
AMERICANS SHOULD EVER RECOMMEND TO ANYBODY OR PRESCRIBE FOR
THEMSELVES.'
MOYNIHAN SAID 'YOU HAVE TO ASSUME' THE INTENTION OF U.S.-BACKED
REBEL FORCE WAS TO OVERTHROW NICARAGUA'S SANDINISTA GOVERNMENT,
RATHER THAN TO INTERDICT ARMS SHIPMENTS FROM NICARAGUA TO EL SALVADOR
AS REAGAN HAS MAINTAINED.
HOWEVER, HE ADDED, 'THEY COULD HAVE HAD A NUMBER OF PURPOSES.'
MOYNIHAN ALSO DENIED THE ASSERTION OF ONE OF HIS RIDES THAT HE
SPOKE TO ROBERT MACFARLANE, REAGAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER, LAST
WEEK TO RECOMMEND THAT HIGHER-LEVEL OFFICIALS TAKE SOME
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MANUAL.
UPI ii-12-84 06:08 PES
- END -
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opERATKAN"MVOMffiegftlitifftfeeitn91-9
News Bulletin : AP NEWS SERVICE 10 NOVEMBER 198/4
ITEM NO, 2
NO57
UR
US-NICARRGUR (TOPS NOH)
uKhtm
BY LAWRENPF KNUTSnN
SRNTR BARRARA$ (:ALIF. (AP) PRESIDENT KtHuHN
T."171
itstiMf midrtOpi
DISCIPiINARY ACTION AGAINST JuNIOR OPFRRTIVES OF THE
INTELLIGENCE AGENCY INVOLVFD IN
GUERRILLAS IN NICRRAGUR WHICH HAS BEEN INTERPRF ED
rtNli?ONDINiSTR
rs,7, rsr,
PREPARATION OF Aic?AL FOR
KM1
C:
:
RDVOERTING ASSASSINATUNS,
RERGRN RCCEPTED THE FINDINnS OF REPORTR BY THE cie INSPFCiJ t.E.NFRAi
AND THF PRESIDENT'S INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT BOARD WHICH
WHILE THERE HAD BEEN "NO VIOLATION BY CIA PERSONNEL OR CONTRACT
EMPLOYEES OF THE CONSTITUTION
OR THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES''
HPD BEEN INSTANCFS OF "AnOR JUDGMENT AND LAPSES OF OVERSIGHT
LEVFLS INRIDE THE AGENEY."
RERGRN'S ACCEPTANCE OF TRF
DISMISSFD
VIOLENCE"
NOTHING.''
"RECOMMENDRTIONS FOR CORUCTIVF MFRSURES TO STRENGTHFN MANAGF
RND OVERSIGHT WITHIN THF CIR WFRF APPROVFD AS WFIL AS DISCIPLINARY
ACTION WRFRF LAPSES IN JUDGMENT OR PERFORMBCF OCCURRFD" THF
PRESS OFFICE SAID IN
THE STRTMENT$ ISSUED IN
LARRY SAFAKES5 SAID RFAnAN
THF INTE1LIGFNu OVERSIGHT COMMITTEES OF THE HniiRE
CONTAINED IN THE INSPUTnR GENERAL
^,,,,,,
LUNI,tXN MttAti
TO
THE
REPORT CONES
MRNURL AND I TS
ADVICE ON 1'
c "1"7h-
1$0.11.L. V
''NEUTRALIZE'' NICARAGUAN " Uri^ .1 411LS
Ma
LU
QCti: OF
H6Ch !IOU ?151.1;
HOUSE
R STRTEMENT.
THE NRME OF CHIEF PRFSIDENTIAL SPUistiIHN
. s T"m
A' TrperTcp rTp ia4"?m?
H,:5 ? ??? '
AND SENAE
deslrr
r.r.Trr
THF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
MtrUi.
PETER ROUSSEL$ THE DEPUTY WHITE HOUSE
DISCIPLINARY ACTION COULD LETTERS OF REPRIMAND AND SUSPi:
spouqmAk5 sp1D
;11Mi
HE DOFS NOT KNOW EXRET1Y
HE SRID RE DOESN'T KNOW THE NUMBFR OF JUNIOR CIA FMPLOYFES
BUT INTFLLIGFNCF SnURcFS SAID THEY INCLUDFD SFVERAI JUNIOR
OFFICIRLS IN ROTH THE cIR'S uNTRAI RMERICRN AND COVFRT ACTION
DIVISIONS.
WHAT PUNISHMENTtNi
WILL
BE MFTFD OUT.
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;..!
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86B00269R0Opp0140a01-9 c
N'ec
THF SOURCFS SAID ACTION ALSO WOULD BE TAKEN AGAINST THE MANUALS
AUTHOR WHO WAS IDFNTIFIFD BY HIci PSFUDONYM JOHN KIRKPATRICK.
ROUSSFL SAID CASFY WILL Gn INTO TkOSF DFTRILS WHFN HEARIFFS TVIF
CONGRFSSIONRL COMMITTEES.
THE WHITE HOUSE STATEMENT RAID THAT BOTH THF I+TELLIGPNCF ROAR) i
THE CIR INSPECTOR GENERAL CONDUCTFD "DFTAILFD AND FXTENRIVE INgUTRIPs
,
INTO THF CONC FPTUAL MOTIVFS AND ADMINISTRRTIVF PROCEDURFS SURROUi0ING
THE PREPARATION OF THE PRYCHIOGICFW WARFARE MA WFRP
NUAL WHICH
DFI 'MED TO THE PRFSIDFNT AT HIS RANCH NFAR HERE ON THURSDAY.
"RnTH BODIES NOTED THAT THF DESPITE PORTIONS WHICH COULD BE
MISINTtgegt-itn THE MAORI HAD WORTHY PURPOSFR -- INSTILLING IN
NICARAGUAN FRFEDOM FIGHTERS THE KNOWLEDGE OF HOW TO PROMOTE
UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR GORLR AMONri THF PEOPLE AND COUNSE1 LING
TrE
ON
APPROPRIATF BEHAVIOR ON DEWING WITH CIVILIANS."
MEANWHILEf IN RN APPARENT ATTFMPT TO HEAD OFF A CONFRONTATION WITH
MOSCOW OVER CENTRAL AMERICA THF RFAORN ADMINIRTRATION SAYS IT HAS Nu
PROOF THAT SHIFT FRFInHTER DELIVFRED MI6-2i FIGHTERS TO NTCARROUR.
BUT AWHITF HOUSE OFFICIALf WHO SPOKE FRIDAY ON ON CONDITION HP NOT
BE IDENTIFIED SAID HF BFLIFVFS THF SOVIFTS ARF BACKING A MAJOR
CONVENTIONAL R1S RUILDUP IN NICARAGUA TO GUARANTEE ITS CONTINu TY AS A
SOVIET-SPONSORED STATE,
IN DISCUSSING f 5TH GRAF
AP-WX-.14-10-84 1345EST
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Chamorro also told the staffers that the
be
? p p roved For Release 2005/12/IS INIMIleSiErEiglffit 11021`4134901-9
poll' assassma on or neutralization"
but that there were cases where rebel com-
manders had ordered the execution of ci-
hment
Urged Over.
CIAManual
? Internal Investigation
Implicates Several Aides
By Joanne Omang and Margaret Shapiro
- Washington Post Staff Writer?
The CIA inspector general's office has
' recommended disciplinary action Against
several employes involved in production of a
controversial manual for U.S.-backed rebels
in Nicaragua that advocated "selective use
of violence" to "neutralize" political targets,
sources familiar with the contents of the
report said yesterday. _
Sources said the report recommended
"significant" disciplinary action against few-
er than 10 CIA employes -for their role in
producing, approving and distributing the
90-page manual, including some middle-lev-
el CIA officials -who reportedly approved
distribution of the manual last fall without
understanding its Spanish text.
The report was requested by -President
Reagan last month after the existence Of
the manual, "Psychological Operations and
Guerrilla War," was disclosed and an uproar
developed on Capitol Hill.
Congress funded the rebels with the as-
surance that they were operating simply to
stop the flow of arms from the leftist San-
dinista government of Nicaragua into neigh-
boring El Salvador, and Congress cut off all
funding for the covert war in October.
The administration has indicated that it
, will go back .to Congiess for further aid to
the rebels next year.
Reagan said at a news conference after
his reelection this week that the furor over
the manual was "much ado about nothing."
The inspector general's report comes a
day after Edgar Chamorro, a rebel leader,
told House Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence staff mgmbers that the CIA
knew of and fully supported the rebels' aim
of overthrowing the Sandinistas.
?But he said CIA officials coached the reb-
els to say publicly only that they were fight-
ing to pressure the Sandinistas toward
greater democracy, to avoid congressional
disapproval of the program.
Chamorro said this was part of a congres-
sional lobbying effort that included CIA
briefings of rebels on the 'political 'back-
-ground of members of Congress who visited
the rebels' Honduras base. -
villans or prisoners. .
in an- -interview yesterday with The
--Washington Post, Chamorro said, "We nev-
er planned an operation to. massacre Civil-
: ianS.?That was a -bad side--effeZt."'"--
He added, "Some of the cc:stilt-nand-
ers didn't like to ,have to carry pris-
oners along with them."
? . He added that his. rebel organi-
? zation, the %Nicaraguan Democratic
Force (FDN), the largest. CIA-
backed group, has taken ,action
? against 'several rebel commanders.
. Chamorr?. said that when the CIA
first' helped organize FDN in late
.; 1982, "we were always assured that
this was' a serious effort and we
were going to overthrow the San-
dinistas by July 1983 or the end, of
the year at the latest."
But, he said, CIA officials-care-.
fully coached the rebels that the
"public message was stopping the
!arms, stopping the exporting of rev-
" olution, a Democratic Nicaragua."
He added that many rebel leaders'
? objected .to this public definition of
their aims. "We felt we were not
mercenaries or a border patrol or'
. an A-team ,? for the United States
.1 [but] fighters to liberate Nicara-
.gua." Chamorro appeared before
, House intelligence , committee '
staffers on Wednesday as part of an-
investigation into the guerrilla war-
fare manual.
Chamorro said he told the corn-
? niittee that the. manual was de-
'signed to bring some sort Of disci- -
?? pline to the disorderly, and often
violent, rebel groups. He said he
was Asked to translate the manual
by a CIA employe, known to him as
John Kirkpatrick, but that sections
encouraging rebels to hire profes-
- sional criminals and to kill fellow
? rebels to create martyrs were in-
cluded without his knowledge. ?
- He said he was "shocked" to see
those sections, and ripped them out '
-'of most copies of the manual before '
it was distributed. He said that all !
copies contained recommendations
that violence be used to "neutralize"
some targets.
Chamorro said that, at the -time,
he interpreted the word' "neutral-
ize" -to mean. make ineffective, not ,
assassinate.
The inspector general's report
on the manual was delivered to the ,
House and Senate intelligence com- ?
mittees yesterday.
The Washington Post
Saturday, 10 Nov 84
This was to make sure the rebel leaders Special correspondent Brian Barger
knew how to approach the lawmakers, he ?
said. Approved For Release 2005/1ehrib. ele-X-RINSTAtti5b269R001500140001-9
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U W BYLWYFVYX
TAM-NICARAGUR-ANUAL,0 50
REAGAN REVIEWS REPORT ON MANUAL
TRY ROBERT PARRY
TAssorlATED 4RE88 WRITER
WASHINGTON (RP) - PRESIDENT FF R1 ON FRIDAY REVIEWED THE CIA
INSPECTOR GENERAL'S FINDINGS ON THE',. rARAGUAN REBEL MANUAL,
INCLUDING A RECOMMENDATION THAT THE AGENCY DISCIPLINE SEVERAL
JUNIOR-LEVEL OFFICIALS INVOLVED IM ITS PRODUCTION SOURCES SAID.
INTELLIGENCE SOURCES, SAID THE RECOMMENDATIONS WERE ALREADY BEING
IMPLEMENTED, OUT IN SANTA BARBARA, CALIF! WHERE REAGAN IS
VACATIONING AT HIS RANCH, WHITE HOUSE PRE88 AIDE PETER ROUSSEL SAIO
REAGAN HAD NOT YET APPROVED THE REPORT'.
HrENEV7R, TWO SOURCES SAID THE PRESIDENT APPARENTLY HAD NO OBJECTIONS
TO THE FTNOINGS.
THE SOURrES, WHO INSISTED OM ANONYMITY! SAID THE REPORT PROPOSED
ACTION AGAINST THE MANUAL'S AUTHOR, IDENTIFIED SY HIS PSEUDONYM, .JOHN
KIRKPATRICK5 AND PERSONNEL IN THE SPY AGENCY'S CENTRAL AMERICAN AND
COVERT ACTION DIVISIONS.
THE REPORT CALLED FOR NO ACTION AGAINST SENIOR-LEVEL CIA OFFICIALS,
WHO WERE FOUND NOT TO HAVE .DIRECT KNOW EAGE ABOUT THE CONTENTS OF THE
PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS MANUAL THAT NA8 DI8TRIBUTED TO NIrARAGHAN
REBELS A YEAR AGO, THE SOURCES SAID.
!414ILE THE SOURCES DECLINED TO PROVIDE DETAILS! THEY SAID
THE
JUNIOR-LEVEL OFFICIALS WOULD DE REPRIMANDED.
REAGAN'S REVIEW OF THE REPORT COMES TWO DAYS AFTER HE DISMISSED
CONCERN ABOUT THE MANUAL AND ITS ADVICE ON "SELECTIVE USE OF
VIOLENCE" 70 "NPUTRWIZE" NICARAGUAN OFFIrIALS AS "MUCH ADO ABOUT
NOTHING."
BESIDES THE "NEUTRALIZATION" SECTIONS THE Sq-PAGE NAMUAL ENTITLED
"PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS,IN GUERRILLA MAR!" SUGGESTED HIRTNG
PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS TO CARRY OUT "SUECTIVE JOBS"; ARRANGING THE
DEATH OF 8 REBEL SUPPORTER TO CREATE A "MARTYR" FOR THE CAUSES! AND
COERCING NICARAGUANS INTO CARRYING OUT REBEL ASSIGNMENTS.
SEN. DANIEL PATRIEN MOYNIHAN, D-N.Y.; VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE SENATE
INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE, CRITICIZED THE INSPECTOR GENERAL'S REPORTS
FOR FAILING TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAI THE MANUAL ADOPTS "THE PRACTICES OF
THE NARX187-LENINIST INSURGENCIES IN ASIA AND THE WESTERN
HEMISPHERE. 1,
HE APPALLING FACT OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL '8 REPORT 1.3 'THAT
NOWHERE. IS-THERE-TAG-LEAST INDICAIION THAT EVEN THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
- AFTER THE EVENT - HAD ANY INKLING OF THE IDEOLOGICAL (ORIGIN) OF
THESE DArTRINES," MOYNIHAN SAID.
ONE SOURCE SAID THE INTERNAL CIA INVESTIGATION "DETERMINED THAI THE
NAW2E0 AND ITS TALK OF NEUTRALIZATION GAVE SUPPORT TO THE IDEA OF
XILLING PEOPLE" AND THUS COULD BE SEEN AS CONFLICTING WITH
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS BARRING U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN
ASSASSINATIONS.
"NEUTRALIZATTON JUST MEANS KILLING PEDFAF!" SAID THE SOHRrE!! WHO
HAS DIRECT HNOWLEDGE OF THE CIA'S SUPPORT FOR THE REBELS FIGHTING
NIEARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT. "IT .DOE8N'T MEAN ANYTHING ELSE
THE SOURCE SAID THE INSPECTOR GENERAL'S REPORT rON(LOD7O THAT
TUNInR-LEVEE OFFICIALS DEALING WITH
JRKPATRICK HAD NOT INFORMED HIM
APOU7 RELEVANT RULES GOVERNING 0.S. ACTIVITIES. KIRKPATRIEH, WHO HAD
EXPERIENCE WITH U.S. SPECIAL FORCES IN VIETNAM! WAS e CIA CONTRACT
EMPLOYEES MEANING THAT HE MRS HIRED FOR A LIMITED PERIOD OF TIME.
f74P.0 0
-
I BYLAYEEEV
7-7? - H 7 LE 11 ij 4 5 5
;;;URCE,C
717GOVERNMENT ARREST8
T.BY RICHARD BOUDRi=_AUX
ORE
ORACKDOWN ON DI88ENT
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SANIIAGO!! CHILE (AP) - SECHRITY AGENTS RAIDED HOMES AND UNION
OPERATIONFprCENOTERACIARENEIASUREOPAROParao 1 -9
111 News Bulletin
NEW YORK TIMES WIRE SERVICE
No. 2A?A094
44tZA
9 NOVEMBER 1984
ITEM No. 2
U W CZCQYVUIV
:iffM-INTEL
T.CIR SAID To URGE PUNISHMENT FOR THOSE INVOLVED WITH LATIN MANUAL
;By JOEL BRINKLEY
-ic.19R4 N.V. TI NES NEWS SERVICE
WASHINFON ? THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
RGENCY HAS CALLED FOR THE PUNISHMENT OF SEVERAL AGENCY OFFICIALS rvn
THEIR ROLES IN PREPARING A CIA MANUAL ADVISING NICARAGUAN REBELS "
ASSASSINATE NICARAGUAN OFFICIALS5 CONGRESSIONAL AND INTELLIGENCE
OFFICIALS SAID ON FRIDAY.
IN A CLASSIFIED REPORT ON THE MANUAL SUBMITTED TO CONuKr. ON
FRIDAYs THE INSPECTOR GENERAL "RECOMMENDS THAT FIVE OR SIX OFFICIALS
EE DISCIPLINED5" A CONGRESSIONAL AIDE FAMILIAR WITH THE REPORT SAID.
THE INSPECTOR GENERAL'S REPORT IS TO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR THE
DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS.
BUT SEN. DANIEL P. MOYNIHAN5 THE NEW YORK DEMOCRAT IIF Pa VICE
CHAIRMAN OF THE SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE5 AFTER
READING THE REPORT ON FRIDAY, CALLED IT OAPPALLING5" ADDING THAT
"IT LOOKS LIKE SEVEN SERGEANTS ARE GOING TO LOSE WEEKEND PRIVILEGES
FOR A MONTH."
RNOTHER SENIOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL WHO WAS READ THE 1.,IM REPORT SAID
IT RECOMMENDS "SIGNIFICANT" DISCIPLINARY ACTIONSs EUT HE WOULD NOT
ELASORATE. HE ADDED5 HOWEVER5 TWAT "NO SENIOR OFFICERS ARE
INVOLVED."
An n 6=Itcre.un,i MONTH TO MEMBERSi?
OF CONGRESSs WILLIAM J. fic...rys
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCEs DEFENDED THE MANUALs SAYING THAT
ITS PURPOSE WAS TO MAKE THE GUERRILLAS PERSUASIVE IN "FArE TO FArE
COMMUNICATION" AND THAT ITS "EMPHASIS IS ON EDUCATIONs AVOIDING
COMEAT WHEN NECESSARY."
(CONTINUED)
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP8613IyMi5 0,1.1,001-9
K ?
ITEM No. 2 PGI2
ON NOV. 3$ PRESIDENT REAGAN, CALLING LASEY'S EXPLANATION "VERY
FORTHCOMINGs" TOLD REPORTERS THERE WAS "NOTHING IN THAT MANUAL THAT
TALKED ASSASSINATION AT ALL," HE SAID A REFERENCE TO
"NEUTRALIZING" OFFICIALSs WHICH ADMINISTRATION CRITICS SAID WAS A
EUPHEMISM FOR ASSASSINATION, MEANT REMOVING THEM FROM OFFICE.
R SENIOR INTELLIGENCE OFFICIAL ASSERTED THAT CIR INVESTIGATORS HAD
FOUND THAT AGENCY OFFICIALS WERE BUSY WITH OTHER MATTERS WHEN
.11-MCIItrw
I
REVIEWED THE MANUAL LAST YEAR AND DID NOT PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO IT.
THE MANUAL WAS "AN OVERcIGHTs" THE OFFICIAL SAID, THE INSPECTOR
GENERAL CONCLUDED THAT NO ONE HAD INTENDED TO BYPASS THE EXECUTIVE
ORDER PROHIBITING U.S. OFFICIALS FROM TAKING PART IN OR ENCOURAGING
ASSASSINATIONS, THE OFFICIAL SAID.
THE AGENCY EMPLOYEE WHO WROTE THE MANUAL, THE CIR OFFICIAL ADDED,
"HADN'T THE FOGGIEST IDEA WHAT EXECUTIVE URDER 12333"WAS." THAT
1981 ORDER BY REAGAN BANS PARTICIPATION IN ASSASSINATIONS.
ON FRIDAYs MOYNIHAN SAID: "THE INSPECTOR GENERAL REPEATEDLY ASSERTS
THAT THE MANUAL DID NOT INTEND WHAT IT CLEARLY DID INTEND,"
HE ADDED: "THE REPORT KEEPS SAYINGs 'NOs WE DIDN'T MEAN ASSASSINATE
AND, NOs WE DIDN'T MEAN CREATING MARTYRSs' WHEN OF COURSE THAT IS
EXACTLY WHAT THEY MEANT. ,HE 0461 IMPORTANCE OF THIS REPORT IS WHAT
IS NOT IN IT."
RFTER REMARKING THAT HE WAS NOT HAPPY WITH THE RECOMMENDATIONS ON
DISCIPLINARY ACTIONs MOYNIHAN SAID THE MOST "APPALLING FACT OF THE
INSPECTOR GENERAL'S REPORT IS THAT NOWHERE IS THERE THE LEAST
INDICATION THAT EVEN THE INSPECTOR GENERAL., AFTER THE EVENT, HAD ANY
INKLING OF THE IDEOLOGICAL PROVENANCE OF THE DOCTRINES" EXPRESSED IN
THE MANUAL.
THE MANUALS WHICH HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF HARSH CRITICISM FROM
CONGRESS AND ELSEWHERE FOR THE LAST THREE WEEKSs ADVISES THE
ANTI-SANDINISTA REBELS TO "KIDNAP ALL NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS." IT SUGGESTS HIRING CRIMINALS WHO WILL ARRANGE THE
SHOOTING DEATHS OF FELLOW REBELS SO THEY WILL BECOME MARTYRS FOR THE
CAUSE. RND IT SAYS ORDINARY NICARAGUAN CITIZENS SHOULD BE BLACKMAILED
SO THEY ARE FORCED TO JOIN THE REBEL CAUSE.
THE SECTION THAT HAS CAUSED THE MOST CONTROVERSYs ENTITLED
"SELECTIVE USE OF VIOLENCEs" SAY=.: "IT IS POSSIBLE TO NEUTRALIZE
CAREFULLY SELECTED AND PLANNED TARGETSs SUCH AS COURT JUDGESs POLICEs
AND STATE SECURITY OFFICIALS. IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY TO GATHER
TOGETHER THE POPULATION AFFECTED SO THAT THEY WILL TAKE PART IN THE
ACT."
(CONTINUED)
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
9 NOVEMBER 1984
ITEM NO. PG. 3
THE MANUAL WAS BASED ON A U.S. RRMY SPECIAL FORCES PRIMER ON
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE USED jr THE 1960s. ON FRIDAYs MOYNIHAN SAID THE
ARMY COURSE "WAS AN ATTEMPT TO SUMMARIZE THE TACTICS OF VARIOUS
COMMUNIST INSURGENCIES OF TRE PREVIOUS DECADES."
MOYNIHAN ADDED: "HERE IS THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE RGE4CY1 SO MUCH
DEVOTED TO THE TASK OF OPPOSING COMMUNISM IN THE WORLDs SEEMINGLY
INCAPABLE OF RECOGNIZING A MARXIST-LENINIST MANUAL" THAT ITS OWN
EMPLOYEE HAD PREPARED.
"THIS IS LESS A PROBLEM OF MORALITY THAN IT IS OF POLITICAL
LITERACYs" HE ADDED.
IN AN INTERVIEWs EDGAR CHAMORRO, THE NICARAGUAN REBEL LEADER WHO WAS
IN CHARGE OF PUBLISHING THE MANUALs SAID THE CIR EMPLOYEE WHO WROTE
IT "TOLD US THAT THE UNITED STATES WASN'T VERY GOOD AT FIGHTING
GUERRILLA WARS." HE ADDED: "THE U.S. HAD NEVER WON ONE. THE
COMMUNISTS WERE THE ONES WHO KNEW HOW TO FIGHT GUERRILLA WARS1 AND HE
WAS GOING
",
uvRINLI A
TO TEACH US HOW THEY DO IT."
PRESS CONFERENCE ON WEDNESDAY; REAGAN
MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING." IN HIS COMMENTS TO REPORTERS
SAID
THE MANUAL "WAS
ON Nov.
3 5
HE
SAID THE. SECTION ON NEUTRALIZING GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS REALLY MEANTs
'YOU JUST SAY TO THE FELLOW WHO'S SITTING. THERE IN THE OFFICE:
'YOU'RE NOT IN THE OFFICE ANYMORE./ '
BEFORE THE ELECTIONS REAGAN AND THE WHITE HOUSE NATIONAL SECURITY
ADVISERS ROBERT C. MCFARLANEs SAID ANY GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL INVOLVED
IN THE PREPARATION OR APPROVAL OF THE MANUAL WOULD BE DISMISSED.
DURING THE SECOND PRESIDENTIAL DESATEs ON OCT. as REAGAN SAID
OFFICIALS FOUND GUILTY OF INVOLVEMENT WITH THE MANUAL "WILL BE
REMOVED'S'
BUT ASKED AeouT HIS PLANS FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS ON WEDNESDAYS
REAGAN SAID HE WANTED TO READ THE INSPECTOR GENERAL'S REPORT BEFORE
DECIDING, AND ADDED: "I'M NOT GOING TO COMMIT IN ADVANCE TO
ANYTHING."
wyT-11-09-84 21.55EsT 'eV
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OPERATIONEPreENTERV?URRENTIPRIMPORTROTOMpoi-9
News Bulletin : THE WASHINGTON POST, PAGE A-9
8 NOVEMBER 1984
ITEM No, 2
Concern on CIA Manual
Is Dismissed by Reagan
'Much Ado About Nothini,' President Says
Associated Press
President Reagan yesterday dis-
missed concern about the CIA's
controversial manual for Ni-
caraguan rebels as "much ado about
nothing," but intelligence sources
said an internal Central Intelligence
Agency investigative report recom-
mends disciplining personnel in-
volved in its production.
At a post-election news confer-
ence in Los Angeles, Reagan said
he had not seen the CIA inspector
general's findings or another report
by the President's Intelligence
Oversight Board, whose three
members he appoints.
But he added: "I have to say from
whatever advance information I
have that there was much ado about
nothing, that it is not a document
that is teaching someone how to
assassinate. There's nothing of that
kind in it."
The 90-page manual, entitled
'Psychological Operations in Guer-
rilla War," was prepared by CIA
officials a year ago for rebels,
known as "contras," fighting Nica-
ragua's leftist government. Its ex-
istence was 'reported three weeks
ago by The Associated Press.
The manual suggests the "selec-
tive use of violence" to "neutralize"
Nicaraguan officials; the hiring of
professional criminals for "selective
jobs"; arranging for the death of a
rebel supporter to create a "mar-
tyr" for the cause, and coercing Ni-
caraguans into carrying out rebel
assignments.
While the word "assassinate" is
not used in the manual, the section
on "neutralizing" refers to assessing
the level of violence that might be
needed to remove an unpopular
government official.
The CIA and the oversight board
investigations?as well as inquiries
by congressional oversight commit-
tees?have focused on whether the
instructions violate presidential or-
ders barring U.S. involvement in
assassinations.
After the existence of the manual
was disclosed, the CIA urged rebels
to ignore all 'its recommendations
and began trying to recall copies of
the document.
Intelligence sources, who insisted
on anonymity, said the CIA report
does recommend discipline of agen-
cy personnel involved, but they re-
fused to provide details.
Nicaragua's Sandinista govern-
ment has charged that rebel forces
have murdered 854 civilians since
fighting began in 1981, and two
weeks ago, Edgar Chamorro, prop-
aganda chief of the CIA-backed Ni-
caraguan Democratic Force, said it
was the rebels' "practice" to exe-
cute captured government officials
deemed "criminals"?an assertion
other rebel leaders denied.
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STAT
OPERATIONA3rgagkeRZIAMNIASORICWARg1139114A1-9
News Bulletin : THE WASHINGTON POST, PAGE A-5
8 NOVEMBER 1984
ITEM No, 3
CBS Depicted as Soft on CIA Agent
See the Cajolery, Gen. Westmoreland's Lawyer Tells Jurors
By Eleanor Randolph
. Wallington Post Staff Writer
NEW YORK, Nov. 7?Dan M.
Burt, lead attorney for retired
Army general William C. West-
moreland in his $120 million libel
action against CBS, sounded for a
moment today like a barker prom-
ising one of the better shows so far
in this Manhattan courtroom.
As technicians cued up video-
tapes of a CBS interview, Burt told
the jury to pay close attention to
the uncut version of the encounter
between CBS producer George
Crile and the CIA's former deputy
-chief for Vietnam, George Allen.
'Watch Mr. Crile cajole Mr. Allen
to get his answers," Burt promised
the jury. "Listen to Mr. Crile inflate
Mr. Allen's credentials."
Then, for almost an hour, the
jury saw Crile interviewing Allen in
a way that Westmoreland and his
attorneys say was unfairly concilia-
tory and that was in stark contrast
to a tougher interviewing of West-
moreland by Crile and CBS report-
er/interviewer Mike Wallace.
At one point, Crile began a dif-
ficult question by saying: "George, I
know this is a lousy place to take
you, but I'm going to." And later,
when Crile asked Allen about his
position in Vietnam, Allen looked
puzzled and answered: "What do
you want me to say, George?" Crile
responded: "It's not what I want
you to say." '
Moreover, Allen, unlike other
witnesses, was interviewed a sec-
ond time, after seeing what others
had said on the same issue?a tech-
nique strongly criticized not only by
Westmoreland and within the tele-
vision community, but internally at
CBS after the broadcast two years
ago.
At issue in this trial is whether
the CBS documentary "The Un-
counted Enemy: A Vietnam Decep-
tion" libeled Westmoreland when
the network charged a conspiracy
by the military to hold down esti-
mates of enemy troop strength to
maintain public support of the war.
CBS attorney David Boies said
Allen would testify later that his
views were presented "accurately
and fairly' in the broadcast, which
drew heavily on information from
Allen and his former protege at the
CIA, Samuel A. Adams, who was a
consultant for the CBS show and is
now a co-defendant in the trial.
Allen was reminded by Crile dur-
ing the interview that, before the
cameras rolled, he had called the
CIA's failure to continue arguing
with the army about troop strength
in Vietnam "the mistake of the cen-
tury." During the interview, Allen
said those at the CIA "perverted
ourselves" by allowing the secret
information arm of the government
"to be used in a way that was not
beneficial to the interest of the
U.S." Allen still performs contract
work for the CIA.
Although CBS tried to keep the
raw, unedited "outtakes" of the in-
terview and a subsequent Allen
filming out of court, U.S. District
Court Judge Pierre Leval ruled last
week that Burt could show it to the
jury.
Burt, in side arguments that
could not be heard by the jury, said
last week that he wanted to show
the Allen interview because "we are
talking about an attempt to fabri-
cate an answer, to fabricate an
interview . . . ."
Boies, in the same encounter un-
heard by the jury, argued that proof
of malice "has nothing to do with
whether a witness like George Al-
len is being coddled or not, or
whether a witness like George Al-
len is being encouraged or
not . . . or whether a witness like
George Allen is interviewed twice."
Special correspondent John Kennedy
contributed to this report.
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ISO)
pc, Concern on CIA Manual
" Is Dismissed by Reagan
'Much Ado About Nothing,' President Says
Associated Press
President Reagan yesterday dis-
missed concern about the CIA's
controve.rsial manual for Ni-
caraguan rebels as "much ado about
nothing," but intelligence sources
said an internal Central Intelligence
Agency investigative report recom-
mends disciplining personnel in-
volved in its production.
At a post-election news confer-
ence in Los Angeles, Reagan said
he had not seen the CIA inspector
general's findings or another report
by the President's Intelligence
Oversight Board, whose three
members he appoints.
But he added: "I have to say from
whatever advance information I
have that there was much ado about
nothing, that it is not a document
that is teaching someone how to
assassinate. There's nothing of that
kind in it."
The 90-page manual, entitled
"Psychological Operations in Guer-
rilla War," was prepared by CIA
officials a year ago for rebels,
known as "contras," fighting Nica-
ragua's leftist government. Its ex-
istence was reported three weeks
ago by The Associated Press.
The manual suggests the "selec-
tive use of violence" to "neutralize"
Nicaraguan officials; the hiring of
professional criminals for "selective
jobs"; arranging for the death of a
rebel supporter to create a "mar-
tyr" for the cause, and coercing Ni-
caraguans into carrying out rebel
assignments.
While the word "assassinate" ,is
not used in the manual, the section
on "neutralizing" refers to assessing
the level of violence that might be
needed to remove an unpopular
government official.
The CIA and the oversight board
investigations?as well as inquiries
by congressional oversight commit-
tees?have focused on whether the
instructions violate presidential or-
ders barring U.S. involvement in
assassinations.
After the existence of the manual
was disclosed, the CIA urged rebels
to ignore all its recommendations
and began trying to recall copies of
the document.
Intelligence sources, who insisted
on anonymity, said the CIA report
does recommend discipline of agen-
cy personnel involved, but they re-
fused to provide details.
Nicaragua's Sandinista govern-
ment has charged that rebel forces
have murdered 854 civilians since
fighting began in 1981, and two
weeks ago, Edgar Chamorro, prop-
aganda chief of the CIA-backed Ni-
caraguan Democratic Force, said it
was the rebels' "practice" to exe-
cute captured government officials
deemed "criminals"?an assertion
other rebel leaders denied.
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C-_-249,-1?.for Release 2005/12iihR65PM00269R001500140001-9
6 November 1984
For the Record
From a letter to Secretary of State
George Shultz from Miguel D'Escoto
Brockman, foreign minister of Nicara-
gua, Oct. 24:
Allow me to address Your Excel-
lency in reference to the "Manual of
Psychological .Operations in Guerrilla
Warfare" made by the Central Intelli-
gence Agency (CIA).... .
The manual prepared by the CIA
contemplates, among other terrorist.
and illegal actions, the hiring of profes-
sional criminals in order to commit as-
sassinations, the neutralization of state
officials by means of "selective use of
violence," the creation of "martyrs,"
encouraging the organizing of violent
rallies that would lead to the death of
participants, and the killing of civilians
trying to flee from the towns that may
be occupied by mercenary forces at the
Service of your government
Moreover, the manual prepared by
the CIA is a new material proof of the
official policy of state terrorism that is
backed by the administration against
the Nicaraguan people and is added con-
firmation of the criminal extent of the
? military and paramilitary activities
against the scivereignty and political in-
dependence of Nicaragua, in open viola-
tion of the ordinance issued by the In-
ternational Court of Justice....
It is important to point out that Presi-
dent Reagan himself recognized during
the .. debate. .. that the manual was
sent to the head of the CIA in Nicaragua
in order to be printed. This new ac-
knowledgment, at the highest level of
government, adds to the open interfer-
ence that the United States government
has been practicing in the internal af-
fairs of Nicaragua, through the pressure
on different political parties that form
the "Ramiro Sacasa Guerrero Coordi-
nate" in order that they withhold their
participation in the electoral process.
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'**AdiZ
u w ensEusit
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T,AM-NICARAGUA-MANUAL,U3:
TNICARAGUA MANUAL REPORTS GOING TO REAGAN ON ELECTION DAY
TBY ROBERT PARRY
-it-ASSOCIATED PRESS WRITER
WASHINGTON (RP) - PRESIDENT REAGAN IS EXPECTED TO RECEIVE TWO
INVESTIGATIVE REPORTS ON THE CIR/S PRODUCTION OF A NICARAGUAN REBEL
MANUAL ON TUESDAY, WITH THE FINDINGS UNLIKELY TO BE MADE PUBLIC UNTIL
AFTER ELECTION DAY, A WHITE HOUSE SPOKESMAN SAID.
ROBERT GINS, R WHITE HOUSE FOREIGN POLICY SPOKESMAN, SAID MONDAY A
REPORT By THE PRESIDENT'S INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT BOARD IS
"ESSENTIALLY COMPLETED// AND - ALONG WITH AN INTERNAL CIA REPORT -
WILL BE SENT TUESDAY TO REAGAN, WHO WILL BE IN CALIFORNIA TO VOTE AND
AWAIT THE ELECTION RESULTS.
DEMOCRATIC MEMBERS OF CONGRESSIONAL INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEES CHARGED
LAST WEEK THAT THE ADMINISTRATION WAS DRAGGING ITS FEET ON
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE MANUAL, WHICH SUGGESTS "SELECTIVE USE OF
VIOLENCE" TO "NEUTRALIZE" NICARAGUAN OFFICIALS; 70 AVOID
EMBARRASSING REAGAN BEFORE THE ELECTION.
ON SATURDAY, REAGAN DENIED THOSE CHARGES ALONG WITH SUGGESTIONS THAT
THE WORD ''NEUTRALIZE'' IMPLIED THE USE OF FORCE OR VIOLENCE. ASKED
WHAT THE WORD MEANT, THE PRESIDENT RESPONDED: "YOU JUST SAY TO THE
FELLA WHO'S SITTIN5 THERE IN THE OFFICE, 'YOU'RE NOT IN THE OFFICE
FINYMORE.551
NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT HAS CHARGED THAT REBEL FORCES HAVE
"ASSASSINATED" 854 CIVILIANS SINCE FIGHTING BEGAN IN 1981, AND TRO
WEEKS AGO, EDGAR CHAMORRO, PROPAGANDA CHIEF OF THE CIA-BACKED
NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC FORCE, SAID IT WAS THE REBEL GROUP'S
''PRACTICE'' TO EXECUTE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS DEEMED ''CRIMINALS'' -
AN ASSERTION DENIED BY OTHER REBEL LEADERS.
THE 90-PAGE MANUAL, ENTITLED "PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN GUERRILLA
WAR," WAS PREPARED BY A CIA EMPLOYEE IN CENTRAL ,AMERICA A YEAR AGO
AND WAS DISTRIBUTED IN VARYING FORMS TO REBELS BATTLING TO OVERTHROW
NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT.
DURING THE OCT. 2. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE, REAGAN SAID A NUMBER OF
PAGES DEALING WITH OBJECTIONABLE MATTERS WERE DELETED FROM THE
ORIGINAL MANUAL WHEN IT WAS REVIEWED BY THE CIA CHIEF IN CENTRAL
AMERICA AND MORE PAGES WERE DROPPED BY OFFICIALS AT CIH HEADQUARTERS
IN LANGLEY, YR.
INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS HAVE SAID ONLY ONE PARAGRAPH THAT SUGGESTED
HIRING PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS TO CARRY OUT "SELECTIVE JOBS" WAS
DELETED.
THEY SAID OTHER SECTIONS DEALING WITH "NEUTRALI2ING55 OFFICIALS,
ARRANGING THE DEATH OF A REBEL SUPPORTER TO CREATE A "MARTYR," AND
COERCING NICARAGUANS INTO CARRYING OUT ASSIGNMENTS WERE ALL LEFT IN
THE FINAL VERSION PRINTED AT CIA HEADRUARTERS.
RP-NY-11-05-84 2236EST
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4.'4,034
R W CZCZYRUIV
;PM-NICARAGUA-MANUAL, Br, O643
;CIA CLAIMS ABUSES BY NICARAGUAN REBELS ARE RARE
;BY ROBERT PARRY
?;ASSOCIATED PRESS WRITER
WASHINGTON (AP) - THE CIA IS AWARE SOME NICARAGUAN REBEL SOLDIERS
HAVE COMMITTED ATROCITIES INSIDE NICARAGUA, BUT THE SPY AGENCY
INSISTS ABUSES ARE RARE, ADMINISTRATION AND CONGRESSIONAL OFFICIALS
SAY.
"YOU co HAVE YOUR MY LAI'S DOWN THERE," SAID ONE ADMINISTRATION
OFFICIAL, REFERRING THE i968 MASSACRE IN VIETNAM CARRIED OUT BY U.S.
TROOPS. "THEY (THE REBELS) ARE R PRETTY TOUGH BUNCH."
WHILE ARGUING THAT "YOU CAN'T FIGHT R PALATABLE WAR," THE
OFFICIAL, WHO SPOKE ON CONDITION HE WOULDN'T BE IDENTIFIED, ADDED:
'DID THE AGENCY FIND THEM DOING SOME UNACCEPTABLE THINGS? I'D GIVE
YOU A RESOUNDING 'YES.'"
THE BEST-KNOWN CASE INVOLVED A REBEL LEADER! CALLED COMMANDER
SUICIDE, WHO WENT ON R RAMPAGE IN MID-1983 AFTER HIS WIFE, ALSO A
REBEL, WAS KILLED, SEVERAL OFFICIALS SAID. THEY SAID COMMANDER
SUICIDE AND SOME OF HIS TROOPS RAPED PEASANT WOMEN AND MURDERED
CIVILIANS.
WHEN HE RETURNED TO HONDURAS NEAR THE END OF 1983, COMMANDER SUICIDE
MRS PLACED IN R MAKESHIFT JAIL IN EASTERN HONDURAS, COURT-MARTIALED
AND EXECUTED, ACCORDING TO ONE U.S. OFFICIAL FAMILIAR WITH THE CASE
AND TO EDGAR CHAMORRO, PROPAGANDA CHIEF FOR THE NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC
FORCE, THE LARGEST U.S.-BACKED REBEL GROUP, KNOWN BY ITS SPANISH
INITIALS FDN.
IN AN INTERVIEW, CHAMORRO SAID HE PROTESTED THE EXECUTION TO A CIA
OFFICER WHO WAS ADVISING THE FDN BUT WAS TOLD THAT THE ACTION WAS
PROPER BECAUSE THE COURT-MARTIAL HAD FOUND COMMANDER SUICIDE "GUILTY
OF MANY ABUSES."
ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT THE NICARAGUAN FIGHTING
SAID THEY HAVE RECEIVED NUMEROUS REPORTS ABOUT OTHER ATROCITIES
ALLEGEDLY COMMITTED BY FDN FORCES, BUT THAT ONLY COMMANDER SUICIDE'S
RAMPAGE HAS BEEN FULLY CORROBORATED.
MOST OF THE OTHER ALLEGATIONS CONE FROM NICARAGUA'S SANDINISTA
GOVERNMENT OR FROM AMERICAN MISSIONARIES LIVING IN NICARAGUA WHO ARE
OPPOSED TO REAGAN ADMINISTRATION POLICIES. BUT SOME ALLEGATIONS ALSO
HAVE COME FROM CONSERVATIVE NICARAGUANS WHO OPPOSE THE FDN, ONE
OFFICIAL SAID.
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THE NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT CLAIMS 854 CIVILIANS HAVE BEEN
"ASSASSINATED" BY REBEL FORCES SINCE FIGHTING BEGAN IN 1981.
TWO WEEKS AGO; CHAMORRO SAID IT WAS THE FDN's "PRACTICE" TO
EXECUTE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WHO ARE CAPTURED AND DEEMED
CRIMINALS'' BY THE REBEL COMMANDER AFTER CONSULTATION WITH THE
LOCAL POPULACE, BUT CHAMORRO SAID HE COULD NOT ESTIMATE HOW MANY SUCH
EXECUTIONS WERE CARRIED OUT.
FDN PRESIDENT ADOLFO CALM; HOWEVER; HAS REPEATEDLY DENIED SUCH
CHARGES; CLAIMING THAT "TERRORISM IS SOMETHING ME HAVEN'T
DONE."
ALLEGED ATROCITIES COMMITTED BY THE FDN HAVE BECOME ONE FOCUS OF
CONGRESSIONAL INQUIRIES INTO THE CIA's PRODUCTION OF A REBEL MANUAL
THAT RECOMMENDS THE "SELECTIVE USE OF VIOLENCE/9 TO .19NEU1RALI2ESS
NICARAGUAN OFFICIALS.
IN WINTERSET; IOWA, ON SATURDAY; PRESIDENT REAGAN WAS ASKED IF THAT
WOULD IMPLY USING FORCE DR VIOLENCE TO REMOVE PEOPLE FROM OFFICE.
'NO; YOU JUST SAY TO THE FELLA MHOS SITTIN/ THERE IN THE OFFICE,
'YOU'RE NOT IN THE OFFICE ANY MORES'' REAGAN REPLIED,
REAGAN SAID PUBLIC OUTCRY OVER THE MANUAL WAS "ALL A GREAT BIG
SCARE." HE CONTENDED "THERE HAS NOTHING IN THAT MANUAL THAT HAD
ANYTHING TO DO WITH ASSASSINATIONS."
AN OCT. 31 ARTICLE IN THE WASHINGTON POST SAID CIA CONCERNS OVER
REPORTS LAST YEAR THAT FDN FORCES WERE INDISCRIMINATELY KILLING
CIVILIANS PROMPTED PRODUCTION OF THE MANUAL; WHICH OPPOSES "EXPLICIT
TERROR" AGAINST THE GENERAL POPULATION.
ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS INTERVIEWED BY THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
CONFIRMED THAT THE MANUAL WAS PARTLY INTENDED TO PERSUADE FDN 'TROOPS
NOT TO ENGAGE IN INDISCRIMINATE KILLINGS; BUT THEY ADDED THAT A
LARGER GOAL WAS TO MAKE THE REBELS MORE POLITICALLY ADEPT IN THEIR
DEALINGS WITH THE NICARAGUAN PEOPLE.
ANOTHER ADMINISTRATION OFFICIAL SAID THE REBEL FIGHTERS ARE
GENERALLY YOUNG PEASANTS; NOT EASILY CONTROLLED BY EITHER CIA
OFFICERS OR FDN LEADERS WHO REMAIN BACK IN HONDURAN BASE CAMPS WHEN
THE TROOPS MAKE FORAYS INTO NICARAGUA.
STAFF AIDES ON BOTH THE HOUSE AND SENATE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEES
SAID THE CIA EITHER HAS DENIED CHARGES OF REBEL ABUSES OR INSISTED
THEY WERE ISOLATED ACTIONS.
AP..NYA.1?0544 0553EST
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Hypotriteirdi
05
rtarB00269R00150014000.1-
The Wahin
Did Washington Think the Contras Were Playing Jacks?
By Edward Cody
T SHOULD COME as no sur-
prise that top officials of the
Reagan administtation are send-
ing out conflicting signals about how
the United States should deal with
terrorism. To someone who has
often worked among those called
terrorists by one side- or another, it
seems American interest in the sub-
ject has never moved beyond
slogans and threats. The incoherent
debate in Washington over a how-to
manual for anti-Sandinista rebels in
Nicaragua helps explain why.
Congressional committee mem-
'bers are investigating how the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency could have
supplied guidelines that advocated
assassination by another name and
seemed aimed at overthrowing the
Sandinista government. This, they
contend, is not what they were told
during briefings by he agency.. U.S.,
law clearly forbids assassination, and
wasn't our policy only to interdict.
arms shipments to Salvadoran rebels
and pressure Sandinista leaders?
These same cormnittee members
have approved an estimated $80
million to .finance rebel activities
against the Sandinistas since 1981.
Presumably with their knowledge,
some of the money went for AK47
and FAL 'assault, rifles, explosives,
and mortars. Some went to feed and
clothe the 10,000 Nicaraguans,
mostly yoUng, peasants,: who have
joined rebel. ranks.
Did anyone on those committees
seriously believe the automatic rifles
were to be used only in Geneva-Con-,
ve.ntion engagements with the regu-
lar Popular Sandinista Army? Did
anyone ..believe the explosives were
not going to _blowup civilian targets,
including :people; as. has been the
case alk guerrilla mans?, any-
one : Oak, . accept; the,;idea.5these
Nicaraguip.,reOels,,yier.e. goingjato
hostile mountains ,to *aged
animals for months'at .1C stretCh Only
to support PresidentReagareepOlicy
of haraSsing theSsintlinia
. I. can 'only' believe4tettUaders4if
the Inain.lebet.trOtili;...the Nicara-
guan Democratic .Force, '' freely tell.
reporters their obiective ia; to over
Edward Codylcovers. Central
America for The Posi.
throw the Sandinista government.
We report back on what they say,
and it appears in the newspaper..
Sandinista officials complain con-
stantly about civilians killed by guer-
rilla attackers. We report back on
what they say also, and it appears in
the newspaper. Sometimes, when
we are lucky or particularly re-
sourceful, there is on-scene verifica-
tion. Again, it appears in the news-
paper. No, I cannot believe congres-
sional committee members had no
idea the funds they approved were
paying for, among other things, as-
sassinations carried out by Nicara-
guans resolved to overthrow their
country's government with U.S.
help.
Instead, the concern seems to
focus on seeing all this written down
in a manual compiled by U.S. offi-
cials. We who monitor these prob-
lems from within countries where
they are occurring always wonder
about Washington's fascination with
words over deeds. But it is. a fact,,
and once again we are seeing it' in'
action. The deeds of anti-Sandinista.
rebels are fairly well known, and
have been for some two years. Now
suddenly a manual putting these.
deeds into print ? "neutralize" ?
is an issue.
M. aybe this is so because the
U.S. government has al-
ways taken the high ground
in discussions of terrorism. When
Syrian intelligence helps Islamic ex-
tremists "neutralize" U.S. military
or diplomatic installations, the 'ad-
ministration and Congress harmo-
nize loudly to condemn state-sup-
ported terrorism. Now they are face
to face with official U.S. guidelines
that read like the same thing.
The anti-Sandinista guerrillas
have been engaging in such acts
with CIA guidance for some time,
bombing 'Managua's. main :airport,
torching fOod warehouses and taking
but Sandinista officials akinginoun-
tain roads'. But that this is written
down somewhere apparently gives it
new reality..., .
?
Perhaps .by.accident, Secretary of
State George Shultz chooses the
same moment to suggest the United
States should .respond to terrorist
attacks by striking back even if the
target is uncertain and innocent peo-
ple may get killed in the process.
Post, 4 Nov
In other words, bomb Islamic ex-
tremists in the Bekaa Valley of east-
ern Lebanon even if U.S. intelli-
gence is unsure those extremists are
planning another strike against U.S.
targets and even if some Lebanese
marijuana farmers get blown up as a
byproduct. This policy has been
used by Israel, although it has
created a lot of enemies.
If such a policy were adopted by
Nicaragua, however, Sandinista
planes could be expected to attack
such points in Honduras as Las
Vegas, where the anti-Sandinista
rebels have a large base camp, or
perhaps Tegucigalpa, the capital city
where they operate from several
large homes.
This, of course, is not what Shultz
has in mind. For the Reagan admin-
istration, the anti-Sandinista, rebels:
are not terrorists but freedom fight-
ers. The same is true of Afghan
rebels fighting with CIA help against
a Soviet-sponsored government in
Kabul. But in a policy such as Shultz
has outlined, it is the aggrieved gov-
ernment planning to. strike back that
defines who the terrorists are.
Se if for the United States Islamic
extremists are terrorists, then per-
haps for the _Sandinistas the U.S.-
supported rebels in Honduras also
are terrorists, or perhaps for the
Soviets in Kabul so are the Afghanis
operating out of Pakistan.
One man's state-supported terror-
ist is another's freedom fighter. If
for Clausewitz war was the continua-
tion of politics by other means, then
for the nations of 1984," state-sup-
ported terrorism is the continuation
of cold war by other means.
Astraightforward solution is to
respond in kind, as Shultz
seems to be suggesting, and
damn the consequences. Israeli gov-
ernments traditionally pursue this
course and thereby earn-the respect
of most nations, particularly ours
(though .not of any Arab states). But
the uproar over the antiSandinista
manual suggests the U.S. Congress
might, not. ,tolerate, for ,t.he Piked
States WhatjtaPplatide.for Israe4.
Another solution is, to stake out
the high ground and stay . there in
deed as well as word.- The outrage
over "neutralize" would then extend
to outrage over sponsoring freedom
fighters, or terrorists to the other
side. You cannot have it both ways.
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3: -,-;.:ss .?-11 II Al,, -
OPERATIOAgrcakirratrINENT SUPPORT GROUP
I
STAT
News Bulletin THE AP INTERNATIONAL WIRE SERVICE, A2142 4 NOVEMBER 19811
ITEM No. 1
4,44A1C-1
U W BYLUIVBYL
TAM-NIcARAGuA-MANuAL10475
Tr:IA KNEW OF NICARAGUAN REBEL ATROCITIES, BUT DEEMED THEM ISOLATED
TAi ROBERT PARRY
TASSOCIATED PRESS WRITER
I4F;HIN6TON (AP) - THE CIA HAS KNOWN FOR MORE THAN A YEAR THAT SOMP
NICARAGUAN REBEL SOLDIERS COMMITTED ATROCITIES DURING RAIDS INTO THE
LEFTIST-RULED COUNTRY, BUT IT HAS INSISTED THAT ABUSES ARE ISOLATED
AND LARGELY UNDER CONTROL! REAGAN ADMINISTRATION AND CONGRESSIONAL
OFFICIALS SAY.
THE CLEAREST CASE INVOLVED A REBEL LEADER, CALLED COMMANDER SUICIDE,
WHO WENT ON A RAMPAGE IN MID-983 AFTER HIS WIFE, ALSO A REBEL, WAS
KILLED! SAID THE OFFICIALS, WHO INSISTED ON ANONYMITY,
THEY SAID COMMANDER SUICIDE AND SOME OF HIS TROOPS RAPED PEASANT
WOMEN AND MURDERED CIVILIANS.
WHEN HE RETURNED TO HONDURAS NEAR THE END OF 19831 COMMANDER cAUIrInr
WAS PLACED IN A MAKESHIFT JAIL IN EASTERN HONDURAS, COURT-MARTIALED
AND EXECUTED! ACCORDING TO A U.S. OFFICIAL AND EDGAR CHAMORRO!
PROPAGANDA CHIEF FOR THE NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC FORrE, THE LARGEST
U.S.-BACKED REBEL GROUP.
IN AN INTERVIEW! CHAMORRO SAID HE PROTESTED THE EXECUTION TO A CIA
OFFICER WHO WAS ADVISING THE REBEL GROUP, KNOWN BY ITS SPANISH
INITIALS FDN, BUT WAS TOLD THAT THE ACTION WAS PROPER BECAUSE THE
COURT-MARTIAL HAD FOUND COMMANDER SUICIDE "GUILTY OF MAN( ABUSES.'
ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT THE NICARAGUAN FIGHTING
SAID LAST WEEK THEY HAVE RECEIVED NUMEROUS REPORTS ABOUT OTHER
ATROCITIES ALLEGEDLY COMMITTED BY FDN FORCES, BUT THAT ONLY COMMANDER
SUICIDE'S RAMPAGE HAS BEEN FULLY CORROBORATED,
MOST OF THE OTHER ALLEGATIONS COME FROM NICARAGUA'S SANDINISTA
GOVERNMENT OR FROM AMERICAN MISSIONARIES LIVING IN NICARAGUA WHO ARE
OPPOSED 70 REAGAN ADMINISTRATION POLICIES, BUT SOME ALLEGATIONS ALSO
HAVE COME FROM CONSERVATIVE NICARAGUANS WHO OPPOSE THE FE)-6 ONE
OFFICIAL SAID.
THE NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT CLAIMS 854 CIVILIANS HAVE BEEN
"AcSAINATED" BY REBEL FORCES SINCE FIGHTING BEGAN IN 19R*1.
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Two WEEKS AGO; CHAMORRO SAID IT WAS THE FD's "PRACTICE" 70
EXECUTE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WHO ARE CAPTURED AND DEEMED
''CRIMINALS'' BY THE REBEL COMMANDER AFTER CONSULTATION WITH THE
LOCAL POPULACE. BUT CHAMORRO SAID HE COULD NOT ESTIMATE HOW MANY SUCH
EXECUTIONS WERE CARRIED OUT.
FDN PRESIDENT ADOLFO PALERO; HOWEVER; HAS REPEATEDLY DENIED SUCH
IS SOMETHING WE HAVEN'T
CHARGEF.;
DONE."
ALLEGED
CLAIMING THAT "TERRORISM ...
ATROCITIES COMMITTED BY THE PDN HAVE BECOME ONE FOCUS OF
CONGRESSIONAL INDUIRIES INTO THE CH'S PRODUCTION OF A REBEL MANUAL
THAT RECOMMENDS THE "SELECTIVE USE OF VIOLENCE'' TO ''NEUTRALIZE''
NICARAGUAN OFFICIALS.
THE WASHINGTON POST REPORTED WEDNESDRY THAT CIF! CONrERN.F. OVFR
REPORTS THAT FON FORCES WERE INDISCRIMINATELY MILLING rIVTLIANF
PROMPTED PRODUCTION OF THE MANUAL; WHICH OPPOSES ''EXPLICIT TERROR"
AGAINST THE GENERAL POPULATION.
ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS; INTERVIEWEO BY THE
CONFIRMED THAT THE MANUAL WAS INTENDED PARTLY
NOT TO ENGAGE IN INDISCRIMINATE MILLINGS. BUT
WAS 70 MAKE THE REBELS MORE POLITICALLY ADEPT
THE NICARAGUAN PEOPLE.
ASSOCIATED PREFF;
TO PERSUADE FON TROOPS
THEY *F.AIn A LARGER GOPI,
IN THEIR DEALINGS WITH
EDITOR'S NOTE: ROBERT PARRY HAS REPORTED ON CENTRAL AMERICAN AND
INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES FOR THE ASSOCIATED PRESS SINCE 1981.
P.P.-NY-11-04-84 1q08FST
-END
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? _ ? . . .
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4
UPG63
RP
4
AM-REAGAN-CIA ii-3
- BY NORMAN D. SANDLER
WINTERSET, IOWA (UPI) -- PRESIDENT REAGAN SAID SATURDAY FAULTY
TRANSLATION MIGHT HAVE LED PEOPLE TO THINK THAT THE CIA WAS
SDVOCATING ASSASSINATIONS IN NICARAGUA, BUT PREDICTED THE CONTROVERSY
It
5
"Mk
nr p C..-'01.7 if
tvtAtutiLLI WiLL dt ouuutii 'ALL h Othi BIG
ETHERE WAS NOTHING IN THAT MANUAL THAT TALKED ASSASSINATION AT
ELIE HE TOLD REPORTERS WHILE VISITING THE CHILDHOOD HOME OF THE LATE
ACTOR JOHN WAYNE.
- THE MANUAL' PREPARED BY THE r:IR FOR REBELS FIGHTING THE MARXIST
GOVERNMENT IN NICARAGUA CALLED FOR !NEUTRALIZING! GOVERNMENT
GFFICIALS. MANY INTERPRETED THE WORD TO ME RN POLITICAL ASSASSINATION.
EI SUPPOSE YOU COULD CONSTRUE IT IN SEVERAL WAYSIE REAGAN SAID.
ETHE REAL WORD WAS 'REMOVE,' MEANING 'REMOVE. FROM OFFICE."-
THE.PRESIDENT SAID THE MANUAL, RS WRITTEN IN ENGLISH SAID' EIF YOU
CAME INTO A VILLAGE OR TOWN, REMOVE FROM OFFICE REPRESENTATIVES O2
&&C SANDINISTA GOVERNMENT .E
HOWEVER' HE SAID' !WHEN THEY TRANSLATED IT INN bt? hNISH" THEY
TRANSLATED IT 'NEUTRALIZE' INSTEAD OF 'REMOVE'', DEiT 'Ur Mr"WTWI
WUI rithi51111U
REMAINS THE SAME."
TEE PRESIDENT SAID HE HAD NOT SEEN THE MANHAL' BUT CONTENDED HE
ENEW "ENOUGH ABOUT THE REPORTE TO CONCLUDE THRT THE MATTER HRD BEEN
EXAGGERATED.
"I THINK YOU'RE GOING TO FIND THAT IT WAS ALL A GREAT BIG biAkt
fiND THAT THERE WAS NOTHING IN THAT MANUAL THAT HAD ANYTHING TO DO
WITH ASSASSINATIONS OR ANYTHING OF THAT KIND," HE SAID.
"m1?vtl
- 1?, ""r? ?"m? Te
r"-""m r'-E-"EN THoi Whiit nUisa
XthUhi4 u Ai v 1
REPORT INTO
THE AFFAIR AND STRESSED THAT THE MATTER STILL IS UNDER REVIEW BY HIS
THREE-MEMBER INTELLIGEN OVERSIGHT BOARD.
CIA DIRECTOR WILLIA 1.,ASEY' WHO RECEIVED A VOTE OF CONFIDENCE txui,i
REAGAN DURING A BRIEF QUESTION-AND-ANSWER SESSION wiN kEruKiLKtlf
MrYDrni'
luLD fsciiucka or
THE SENATE AND HOUSE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEES IN RN
m,
OCT. Zuf LETTER THAT THE ITHRUST AND PURPOSED OF THE MANUAL WAS ON
THE WHOLE, QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THE IMPRESSION THAT HRS BEEN F.II5hPPi2-P.J
EN THE MEDIA."
UPI ii-03-84 05:45 rto
_
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R00150
X
.2
ulh n
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J14u001-9
LGCAL NICARAGUAN OFFICIALS INTELLIGENCE SOURCES saiD FRIDAY.
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finnuni_ hrtu TO PUN Tz
riH THOSE IN THE CIE WHO WERE RESPONSIBLE.
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STAT
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R0015001
_
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.4 OF THESE FOUR PASSAGES WERE DELETED EY THE FDN. OF
f "
,
u4 nuw rUruLniiUN it h
GuERRILLE, HAVING 'TRIED TO STOP THE INFORNANT WITHOUT SE03i1Nu).
EW ALD SHOOT TERI INDIVIDUAL. TEE OTHER USES THE WORD 'NEUTRALIZE' IN
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roved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
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STAT
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28
(AMU- STRZGT -Smaorst- 2. iJaY. 94
REVIEW & OUTLOOK
The Best and the Brightest
One of the election's more conten-
tious issues has been the U.S. role in
Central America. The administra-
tion's critics have in fact spent four
years raising the specter of "another
Vietnam." Only days away from the
actual voting?both in our own elec-
tion and this Sunday's single-candi-
date presidential election in Nicara-
gua?Washington has become em-
broiled in a flap over the CIA's rela-
tionship with Nicaragua's "contras."
Yes, it sounds more and more like
Vietnam; pretty soon the boat people
start coming.
The aptness of the Vietnam anal-
ogy became evident shortly after
news stories appeared saying that a
CIA manual prepared for the contras
included passages exhorting them to
"neutralize" (kill) prominent officials
in the opposition. The manual became
the talk of the town in Washington,
but by early this week the manual
was running out of steam as a big is-
sue. It's easy to see why; the Great
Washington Denunciation Machine
had been flogging what in fact
amounts to a handful of sentences out
of the entire document.
Almost no published attention was
drawn to the fact that this "neutral-
ization" business appears haphaz-
ardly in what is in fact a long, fantas-
tically silly guidebook to psychological
propaganda techniques (there is even
an appendix instructing on classical
Greek principles of political oratory).
Sen. Moynihan finally blew the whistle
on the manual, saying the thrust of
the manual was based on U.S. Army
"psychological operations" techniques
developed during the years of the
Vietnam War.
Developed, that is, under the direct
orders of John F. Kennedy. Arthur
Schlesinger Jr. describes JFK's en-
thusiastic adoption of this stuff in "A
Thousand Days": "Reading Mao Tse-
tung and Che Guevara himself on the
subject, he told the Army to do like-
wise. He used to entertain his wife on
country weekends by inventing
aphorisms in the manner of Mao's
'Guerrillas must move among the peo-
ple as fish swim in the sea.' " (The
contra manual has a section head-
lined: "Selection of Appropriate Slo-
gans.") The counterinsurgency "gos-
pel" was then spread to the Army and
State Department by Robert Kennedy,
Maxwell Taylor, Walt Rostow and
Roger Hilsman. With it becoming
quickly evident that the CIA's contra
manual had risen, phoenixlike, from
the ashes of Vietnam, enthusiasm
seemed to wane.
Then Edgar Chamorro spoke up.
Like the other major leaders of his
contra group, Mr. Chamorro fought
against Somoza and later left the
country when it became evident that
the Sandinista party was creating a
Marxist dictatorship. Two days ago he
described to the New York Times his
group's association with the CIA. Mr.
Chamorro's story must make ironic
reading to every Vietnamese refugee
now living in the U.S.
In the fall of 1982, Mr. Chamorro
said, a CIA representative told him,
"We are going to help you change the
government in Managua." But in Con-
gress?now flush with its dual respon-
sibility with the president for U.S. for-
eign policy?there was already con-
cern over preventing "another Viet-
nam." And so in December, Congress
passed an amendment forbidding the
agency from using military aid "for
the purpose of overthrowing the gov-
ernment of Nicaragua." Whereupon,
Mr. Chamorro says, the CIA began
putting restrictions on the contras' use
of U.S.-supplied arms: "They thought
we would blow up all the bridges from
the border to Managua, and Congress
wouldn't like that."
In effect, then, the CIA wasn't
working for the president; it was
working for Edward Boland, Clarence
Long and their House colleagues.
"They were paying us to fight," Mr.
Chamorro says, "but they weren't let-
ting us win."
Leaving nothing to chance, Con-
gress just a few weeks ago cut off aid
to the contras completely, requiring
the president to submit a report card
before attempting any further dis-
bursements and giving both chambers
a veto over such actions. "The presi-
dent's options in Central America,"
said Sen. Moynihan in what came
across as triumphant tones, "have
been closed."
What is going on here is the culmi-
nation of a process that began in No-
vember 1973 when Congress passed
the War Powers Resolution to control
a president who had just received 47
million votes at the height of the war.
Congress then pulled the plug on
South Vietnam's army with a series of
votes reducing military authorizations
for it. In 1975, the North's conven-
tional army rolled up the South. Pub-
lished histories of this process are ap-
pearing now, and Mr. Chamorro and
his colleagues may have ample time
to read them in Miami.
Meanwhile, Daniel Ortega cam-
paigns vigorously in an election with-
out opponents. This occurs against a
backdrop of officials in neighboring
Costa Rica saying any regional peace
plan must include "on-site" arms in-
spections, insofar as the Sandinistas
now have a 48,000-man army equipped
with some 100 Soviet-made tanks. The
State Department also reported this
week that Soviet-bloc ships have been
off-loading military equipment in Nic-
aragua.
After Mr. Ortega wins 99% of the
vote, the world's other democratic
Marxist governments will no doubt
gather to celebrate his inauguration.
And Vietnam's current foreign minis-
ter, Nguyen Co Thach, will be able to
assure President Ortega that Nicara-
gua is indeed well on its way to be-
coming "another Vietnam."
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;
DCe-
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flit fl ii-2
NEW CALL FOR FIRINGS OVER CIA HANDBOOK
269R001500140001-9
WAJ'Y ELI OT NE!
'AINCTON Cur'. R CIA MANUAL FOR NICARAGUAN --REBELS THAH T SOME
SAY ADVOCATES POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS VIOLATES U.S. LAWS AND THOSE
RESPONSIBLE SHOULD BE PROSECUTED, A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE INTELLIGENCE
COMMITTEE SAYS.
REP. NORMAN MINETTAI D?CALIF., SAID THURSDAY HE WILL ASK THE
COMMITTEE TO GIVE THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT ANY EVIDENCE IT HAS OF CIA
- WRONGS 'SO THE INDIVIDUALS WHO BROKE THE LAW CAN BE PROSECUTED.'
HE . ?TT'.
ALSO SAID Itit CIA HAS tatustD TO
- uPORi'S PURPORTED AUTHOR, HAN KNOWN
Ti] BE 'A CIA CONTRACT WORKER.
'WE KNOW WHO HE IS, AND THE CIA K.14,,S WHERE HE IS, AND THEY jUST
REFUSE TO LET US TALK TO EN,' MINETTE SAID IN A STATEMENT FROM HIS
:7 WASHINGTON OFFICE.
PRESIDENT REAGAN HAS PLEDGED TO FIRE THOSE RESPONSIBLE rLt LETTING
LET THE
AS i)unN
PANLL AMA 11.1 Aft
Kie.krh1iKiu IThL.bhiU
SOME UNEDITED COPIES OF THE MANUAL OUT WITH PORTIONS ON HOW TO
'NEUTRALIZE' LOCAL OFFICIALS AND SUGGESTING THE USE OF CRIMINALS TO
CREATE SITUATIONS IN WHICH 'MARTYRS ARE CREATED FOR THE REBEL CAUSE.
DISCLOSURE OF THE MANUALJAISED NEW ;UESTIONS M
T
J. Pt
THE U.S. ROLE IN THE WAR AGAINST THE SANDINISTAS.
LUNLIKLbb
hDUUI
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In UcA.,LnDLF. TriLD TEE CIA IT COULD NOT AID THE
'rn!:rv.-. T7
s.URikno iKliAU iU NICARAGLA'S SANDINISTA GOVERNiENT.
intro
INTERDICT RR
FIGHTING
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ii nn HEN TRYING TO
TO LEFTIST REBELS
MONEY RAN OUT THIS SUMNER, AND CONGRESS HAS EARRED ADDITIONAL
SPENDING UNTIL AT LEAST NEXT SPRING.
WHEN THE PAMPHLET EEORME PUBLIC LAST MONTH, MANY COhumESSNEN SAID
r,
Li Whb
TOPPLE
tittle
EVIDENCE THAT THE CIA'S REAL GOAL WAS TO HELP THE REBELS
THE MARX:ST NICARAGUAN GUVt.KfaiLfil.
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DIRECTOR WILLIAM CASEY WILL EE AVAILAELE
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP861300269R001500140001-9
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SELECTED AND PLANNED TARCETS"
THE BOOKLET DOES NOT DEFINE
7?7-7
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ujit_KKILLh
7n
i rain
:IT IS POSSIBLE TO NEiTRALIZE CAREFULLY
SUCH AS LOCAL OFFICIALS. -
'NEUTRALIZE,' Nut, DOES IT USE TEE WORD
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TEE LAW BY FAILING TO REPORT TEE MANUAL TO _
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HAVE
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it
THE COMMITTEES OF VIOLENT UTE, DT THE
PROFESSIONALIZE TEE TFRROR.'
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THE _CIA
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
oPERATIoNisPrWrftkeirdriatNft PoRTMOE'firl-9
. : NEW YORK TIlvES, PAGE A-3
News Bullefin
2 NOVEMBER 1984
ITEM No. 4
CASEY'S LETTER ON NICARAGUA MANUAL
CIA CHIEF DEFENDS MANUAL FOR NICARAGUAN REBELS (Rix 2H)
Casey's Letter on Nicaragua Manual
Now It goes on to deal with developing
Spocial to The Times
political awareness, using group dy-
WASHINGTON, Nov. 1 ? Follow- mimics, interaction with the people,
ing is a letter from William J. Casey, "live, eat and work with the people,"
Director of Central Intelligence, to respect for human rights, teaching
members of the House and Senate In. and civic action.
telligence Committees. The letter, Protecting Guerrillas
dated Oct. 25, was obtained today There is a section headed "guer-
from a member of Congress. rilla arms are the strength of the peo
I'd like you to look through the pie. .e against an illegal government.'
much publicized text of the F.D.N. This deals with protecting the guerril-
manual on psychological operations las .and_citizens when a town is occu-
together with the code of conduct pre- piea. mere is also a section on the
training and operations of armed
pared in pocket size for every F.D.N. propaganda teams, made up of 8 to 10
soldier to carry with him at all times.
You will see that the thrust and pur- members charged with raising politi-
pose of this material is, as Senator cal consciousness within Nicaragua
Wallop has said publicly, on the whole and personal persuasion within the
quite different from the impression population.
that has been created in the media. Again, the emphasis is on educe-
The ultimate distortion appeared in tion, avoiding combat if possible,
this morning's New York Times eye- "not ,turning the town into a battle-
tonal, which speaks of the agency field., That context puts into per.
"having to be stopped from illegal spective the four passages with which
millings and murders." This distor- the whole document and the F.D.N.
tion of the reality must be corrected, psychological operations have been
Let me describe these documents characterized. Two of these four pas-
and their contents to help you work sages were deleted by the F.D.N.
your way through them. They were Of the other two, one advises on
prepared in the political section of the how to explain to the population if a
F.D.N. with the help of an advisor guerrilla, having "tried to stop the in-
provided by the C.I.A. The code of formant without shooting" should
conduct explains that the objective of shoot that individual. The other uses
the F.D.N. is the development of a the word "neutralize" in dealing with
democratic and pluralistic govern- the problem of removing local ?fit-
ment in Nicaragua. It describes the cials or occupying a town.
need to achieve a reconciliation of the It is hnoportant to note that these
Nicaraguan family, to establish so- two passages are in the context of en-
cial justice and human rights in Nina- tering or occupying a community and
ragoa, to restore the freedoms_ vlo" dealing with a situation in which ac-
lated by the Sandinistas and to tual or potential resistance remains.
achieve economic reform and They are preceded by admonitions
"greater social mobility." ? that the "enemies of the people, the
Purpose of manual Sandinista officials or agencies, must
not be mistreated in spite of the
The manual, entitled "Psychologi- ? criminal actions even though the
cal Operations in Guerrilla War- guerrilla forces may have suffered
fare,' was prepared by and ad- ; casualties" and also that "whenever
dressed to people who had made the it is necessary to use armed force
fateful decision to engage in armed during an occupation or a visit to a
combat in order to resist oppression town or a village," the guerrillas are
by a totalitarian regime. Its purpose to "explain to the population that first
Is stated as assuring that every com- of all this is being done to protect
batant will be "highly motivated to them, the people not the guerrillas
engage in propaganda face to face. to themselves' and that "this action,
the same degree that he is motivated while not desirable, is necessary be-
to fight." cause the final objective of the insur-
It aims to make every F.D.N. guer- rection is a free and democratic sod-
rills "persuasive in face-to-face corn- ety where acts of force are not neces-
munication ? a propagandist corn- wry."
batent ? in his contact with the peo-
ple; he must be capable of giving 5 or
10 logical reasons why, for example, a
peasant must give him fabric, needle
and thread to mend his clothes. When
the guerrilla behaves this way,
enemy propaganda will never turn
him into an enemy in the eyes of the
populationAp p roved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R00150014
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
C.I.A. Chief Defends Manual
for Nicaraguan Rebels
? By JOEL BRINKLEY
*Kul to The N. York names
WASHINGTON. Nov. 1?William J.
Casey, Director of Central Intelli-
gence, has written a letter to members
of Congress defending a C.I.A. manual
for Nicaraguan rebels that advocates
kidnapping and assassinating Nicara-
guan Government officials.
Mr. Casey's two-page letter, dated
Oct. 25, is the Mit statement to be
made public that expresses the agen-
cy's view of the document, which has
been sharply criticized in Congress and
elsewhere.
The White House has said any Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency official "in-
volved in the development" of the
manual "or approval of it" will be dis-
missed.
But in his letter, Mr. Casey said the
"thrust and purpose" of the manual
are, "on the whole, quite different from
the impression that has been created in
the media."
'Emphasis on Education'
He said the manual's purpose was
"to make every guerrilla persuasive in
face-to-face communication" and to
develop "political awareness," adding
that its "emphasis is on education,
avoiding combat if necessary."
Mr. Casey's letter was sent to mem-
bers of the Senate and House Intelli-
gence committees, along with a trans-
lated and annotated copy of the manual
and of another agency document for
the insurgents, a rebel "code of con-
duct." Both committees are investigat-
ing to see if the agency acted improp-
erly in preparing the manual.
The annotations of the manual show
bow the document was edited at C.I.A.
headquarters. Agency officials told two
members of the Senate Intelligence
Committee last week that "a greatezg
of" the manual "was excised b
printing," Senator Malcolm Wallop,
Republican of Wyoming, said after the
C.I.A. briefing. ?
But the translation Mr. Casey sent to
members of Congress shows that only
one sentence "was deleted in the head-
quarters edition," the C.I.A. annota-
tion says. That sentence says, "If pos-
sible, professional criminals will be
hired to carry our selective 'jobs."
It is unclear when that sentence was
deleted because rebel leaders said it
was included in the edition they re-
ceived.
Mr. Casey would not comment on his
letter today.
Reagan Orders 2 Inquiries
In addition to the Congressional in-
vestigations, President Reagan or-
dered the C.I.A.'s inspector general
and the President's Intelligence Over-
sight Board to conduct inquiries. Today
the White House spokesman, Larry
Speakes, said the C.I.A. investigation
was now complete and had been sent to
the oversight board.
Mr. Speakes said Mr. Reagan had
not seen the C.I.A. inspector general's
report and did not know what it says.
Mr. Speakes also said he did not know
when the Oversight Board investiga-
tion would be finished and when, if
ever, the results would be made public.
Also today, Representative Norman
Y. Mineta, the California Democrat
who is a senior member of the House
Intelligence Committee, said the C.I.A.
had refused to allow the committee to
question the agency employee known
as John Kirkpatrick, who is believed to
be the manual's author.
Mr. fdineta said: "We know who he
is, and the C.I.A. knows where he is,
and they just refuse to let us talk to
him.' He also said he had been told
that Kirkpatrick was not the man's sc.
tual name, and he said he had learned
that the manual's author was still em-
ploye4bIngthteaf..IA. at its headquarters
In Washington.
Mr. Millets and others members of
Congress also criticized the C.I.A. to-
day for another explanation of the
manual that appeared in published re-
ports this week.
Moderating Purpose Cited
An article in The Washington Post on
Wednesday; quoting intelligence offl-
rift's snd rtsbP1 lendPrc cRid the
C.I.A. should have told Congress.
But Senator Patrick J. Leahy, the
Vermont Democrat who is a member
of the Senate committee, said, "There
has been a clear absence of any such
discussion."
A senior Government official who is
familiar with the C.I.A.'s Congreir
sional briefings on the subject said,
"They have always said there is a little
problem here and a little problem
there, but nothing serious."
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP861300269R001500140001
rir
4 lc
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
ii 4
SY-ELIOT'S.KEN
WASHINGTON
,IH THURSDPd
RAGUAN Lb LL;
ASSASSINATIuN.
'REP. ,
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11 S.
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A NA G UR ANDINI 'STA VERNM EN I CONTAINING A N133*"r3 P"
_
" ; y
'NEUTRALIZE' PUBLIC Di-FILIHLS.
MINETTA SAID HE BELIEVES THE CIA RS Jtikcj,,, THE BY
Alyyt InuiRJU 1..J;qu V1L%
UTTU TUeTniir. TTNJC rir FPTHRAWING THE GO cRNMENT
BOT
n WHEWI
P TT CLEARLY A IS AGAINST THE LH
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REBELS "AND ALL THEY DID :WAS PROFESSIONALIZE THE TERROR.'
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THE MANUALo WHICH SURFACED, IN THE CLOSING WEEKS OF THE .
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GUERRILLA WARFARE.,i' IT. LARGELY. DISCUSSESNON -VIOL1.-, WAYS FOR REBE.S
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e.ARIOUS TASKSi:INCLUDINa DEMONSTRATIONS. ATAII.HICH-t_VILIANS ARE KILLED
1,1
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DISCLOSUREAIF.THESLOKLET,HRS:cf10:EP:.R:FIRMR. I4..CON17.3.-P:E755.:-.W I Tit.
EALDEMOCRATS.?CALLINO FOR...:CASET'VRESIGNATION..'.OTHERS .HAVE ASKED..
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
STAT
opERATKOrMNIVetlaWMTPITifftitOttig" 9
News Bulletin : NEW YORK TIMES WIRE SERVICE
TRM-NICRRROUR
;EXCLUSIVE
TBY JOEL BRINKLEY
Tc.1984 N.Y. TIMES NEWS SERVICE
NRSHINGTON - R SENIOR DIRECTOR
SAYS THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
DIRECTOR TWO YEARS AGO AND TOLD HIMs
CHANGE THE GOVERNMENT IN MANAGUA AND
1 NOVEMBER 1984
ITEM No, 3
OF THE LARGEST NICARAGUAN REBEL FORCE
RECRUITED HIM TO SERVE AS A
"WE ARE GOING TO HELP YOU
DO IT WITHIN A YEAR."
THE OFF/CERs SPEAKING IN AN INTERVIEWS ASSERTED THAT THE CIA PAID
HIS FAMILY'S EXPENSES FOR MORE THAN A YEAR AND COACHED HIM AND OTHER
REBEL LEADERS ON WHAT TO SAY IN PUBLIC SO THEY WOULD NOT ANGER
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS WHO HAD TO APPROVE FINANCING FOR THE CONTRAS, AS
THEY ARE CALLED.
IN INTERVIEWS AT HIS HOME IN KEY BISCAYNEs FLAss EDGAR CHAMORROs ONE
OF THE SEVEN DIRECTORS OF THE NICARGUAN DEMOCRATIC FORCES GAVE A
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE THE GROUP AND
THE CIR.
CHAMORRO SAID HE WAS TELLING THE STORY NOWs CONTRARY TO ORDERS HE
AND OTHER REBEL OFFICERS HAD RECEIVED FROM THE CIR5 PARTLY BECAUSE HE
NOW BELIEVES THAT THE UNITED STATES IS NOT LIKELY TO RENEW AID TO THE
REBELS. RID WAS ENDED LAST SPRING.
CHAMORRO ALSO SAID: "I RESENT SOME OF THE THINGS THE CIA DID. THE
AGENCY WASN'T TEACHING OUR MEN DEMOCRACY. THEY TAUGHT ONLY A SERIES
OF TRICKS."
THE CIR DECLINED COMMENT WEDNESDAY ON CHAMORRO'S REMARKS.
CHAMORRO'S ACCOUNT WAS CONFIRMED IN LARGE MEASURE BY INTELLIGENCE
OFFICIALS IN WASHINGTON AND BY OTHER OFFICERS OF THE NICARAGUAN
DEMOCRATIC FORCE, ALTHOUGH SOME REBEL OFFICERS DISPUTED CHRMORRO/S
INTERPRETATION OF SOME EVENTS.
ONE OF THOSE OFFICERS, ALFONSO CALLEJAS, ANOTHER OF THE GROUP'S
DIRECTORS, HAS ACKNOWLEDGEDs HOWEVER, THAT CHAMORRO "IS AN HONEST
MAN" WHO "TELLS THE TRUTH."
CHAMORRO WAS IN CHARGE OF PUBLISHING A CIA MANUAL THAT OFFERED
ADVICE ON GUERRILLA INSURGENCY AND POLITICAL ASSASSINATION.
R CIA EMPLOYEE IDENTIFIED AS JOHN KIRKPATRICK PREPARED THE MANUAL
FROM AN OLD UNITED STATES ARMY PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE PRIMERs AND
CHAMORRO SAID HE WAS ANGRY WHEN HE READ THE MANUAL'S FINAL VERSION
LAST DECEMBER.
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rq
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-kDP86B00269ROP591yr1-9 C
CHAMORRO SAID HE WROTE A LETTER TO THE CIA's STATION CHIEF IN
TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS; LAST DECEMBER, COMPLAINING ABOUT THE MANUAL
AND ABOUT KIRKPATRICK. A FEN DAYS LATER, CHAMORRO SAID, HE AND OTHER
OFFICERS MET WITH THE STATION CHIEF AT HIS TEGUCIGALPA HOME, WHERE
CHAMORRO HEATEDLY COMPLAINED THAT KIRKPATRICK "BYPASSED ME."
CHAMORRO SAID HE TOLD THE STATION CHIEF THAT KIRKPATRICK "WROTE
THESE TERRIBLE THINGS INTO THE BOOK THAT WERE WRONG." IN RESPONSE,
THE STATION CHIEF "WAS VERY DEFENSIVE OF HIS NEN," CHAMORRO SAID.
ANOTHER CIA OFFICIAL, IN MIAMI, FIRST APPROACHED CHAMORRO ABOUT
SERV/NG AS AN OFFICER IN THE NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC FORCE, IN THE FALL
OF 19821 HE SAID. HE HAD BEEN WORKING FOR THE REBEL CAUSE, BUT NOT IN
AN OFFICIAL CAPACITY.
THE OFFICIAL, PURPORTEDLY THE HEAD OF THE CIA's LARGE MIAMI OFFICE,
ASKED CHAMORRO IF HE WOULD BE WILLING TO MEET WITH A MAN FROM
WASHINGTON, AND A FEW DRYS LATER "A MAN FROM THE GOVERNMENT WHO SAID
HE WAS SPEAKING FOR THE PRESIDENT TOLD ME I COULD HELP THE CAUSE,"
HE SAID.
THE MAN "SAID THEY NEEDED PEOPLE WHO THEY COULD SELL TO CONGRESS,"
WHICH AT THAT TIME WAS DEBATING LEGISLATION TO END U..S. AID TO THE
REBELS. "HE SAID WE NEEDED TO MOVE BUICKLY," CHAMORRO SAID.
AT THAT TIME, THE REBEL GROUP'S DIRECTORATE HAD A BAD REPUTATION IN
WASHINGTON AND NICARAGUA BECAUSE OF PAST LINKS BETWEEN SOME OF ITS
MEMBERS AND NICARAGUA'S FORMER DICATATOR, ANASTASIO SOMOZA DEBAYLE.
CHAMORRO, A MEMBER OF A PROMINENT NICARAGUAN FAMILY WHO WAS
EDUCATED AT HARVARD AND OTHER AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES, SAID, "THEY
WERE TRYING TO REPACKAGE THE FDA FOR CONGRESS," HE SAID, USING THE
GROUP'S SPANISH INITIALS, "AND I WAS NOT A SOMOZISTA."
CHAMORRO AGREED TO SERVE AND SAID THE AGENCY PAID SUPPORT FOR
MEMBERS OF HIS FAMILY; WHO LIVED IN MIAMI.
"THEY BARGAINED WITH ME; I AS SURPRISED," CHAMORRO SAID, BUT THEY
AGREED ON R PAYMENT OF ABOUT $11500 TO $2s000 A MONTH. HE SAID THE
AGENTS ADVISED HIM ON HOW TO DECLARE THE MONEY FOR INCOME TAXES,
TELLING HIM, "I SHOULD SAY I WAS A SELF-EMPLOYED CONSULTANT."
CHAMORRO SAID HE BELIEVED THE AGENCY MADE SIMILAR ARRANGEMENTS WITH
THE OTHER SIX DIRECTORS. BUT CALLEJAS, WHO SAID HE STILL HOLDS HOPE
THAT THE UNITED STATES MILL RESUME AID TO THE REBELS, SAID HE
RECEIVED NO PAYMENTS FOR SUPPORT OF NIS FAMILY.
AT FIRST, CHAMORRO SAIDs THE AGENCY MEN TOLD NIM: "ME ARE GOING TO
CHANGE THE GOVERNMENT IN MANAGUA AND DO IT WITHIN A YEAR. THEY SPOKE
WITH A LOT OF CONFIDENCE AND A CLEAR COMMITMENT."
BUT WITHIN A FEN MONTHS, CHAMORRO AND OTHER REBEL LEADERS SAID, THE
CIA AGENTS "CHANGED THEIR TUNE." STARTING TO TALK ABOUT
INTERDICTING ARMS TO SALVADOR, NOT ABOUT THE REBELS' CAUSE.
CHAMORRO SAID, "THEY WANTED US TO BECOME CUSTOMS AGENTS FOR THE
UNITED STATES, OR MERCENARIES."
IN DECEMBER 1982s CONGRESS APPROVED AN AMENDMENT FORBIDDING THE CIA
TO PROVIDE MILITARY AID ''FOR THE PURPOSE OF OVERTHROWING THE
GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUA." INSTEAD, THEIADMINISTRATION EXPLAINED, THE
REBELS WERE BEING PAID TO HELP INTERDICT ARMS BEING SMUGGLED FROM
Ni cRRRsukiapSOtZWAPiTlagiiy.: ikek-RDP86B00269R001500140001-9
NYT-11-01.-84 011.6EST
?41:A012 Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
R H CZCZFTBYL
TPM-NICARAGUA-MANUAL, Bm0533
TREAGAN'S CIA ACCOUNT CHALLENGED
TBi ROBERT PARRY
ASSOCIATED PRESS WRITER
WASHINGTON (AP) - THE EDITION OF THE NICARAGUAN REBEL MANUAL
APPROVED BY CIA HEADQUARTERS UNDERWENT ONLY ONE DELETION FROM THE
ORIGINAL VERSION WRITTEN BY A CIA EMPLOYEE IN CENTRAL AMERICA,
ACCORDING TO INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS.
THE NEW ACCOUNT APPEARS TO CONFLICT WITH PRESIDENT REAGAN'S
STATEMENT DURING THE OCT. 21. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATE THAT OBJECTIONABLE
PARTS OF THE MANUAL WERE REMOVED.
REAGAN SAID "A NUMBER OF PAGES WERE EXCISED" BY THE CIA EMPLOYEE'S
SUPERIOR IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND MORE PAGES WERE EXCISED" AT CIA
HEADQUARTERS.
BUT INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS, WHO SPOKE ONLY ON CONDITIONS OF
ANONYMITY, SAID MID-LEVEL OFFICERS AT CIA HEADQUARTERS IN LANGLEY,
VA., EXCISED ONE PARAGRAPH, WHICH RECOMMENDED THE HIRING OF
PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS TO CARRY OUT "SELECTIVE Jim."
OTHER SECTIONS THAT URGED VIOLENT ACTS TO CREATE PROPAGANDA GAINS
FOR THE REBELS WERE LEFT IH s THE OFFICIALS SAID WEDNESDAY,
ONE OF THOSE SECTIONS PROPOSED THAT AN ANTI-GOVERNMENT DEMONSTRATION
BE TURNED INTO "A CONFRONTATION WITH THE AUTHORITIES WHICH WILL
CAUSE THE DEATH OF ONE OR MORE PERSONS, WHO WOULD BECOME THE
MARTYRS."
ANOTHER SECTION IN THE CIA-APPROVED MANUAL CALLS FOR "SELECTIVE USE
OF VIOLENCE" TO "NEUTRALIZE" NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, AND
A THIRD PROPOSES COERCING NICARAGUANS INTO CARRYING OUT ASSIGNMENTS
BY IMPLICATING THEM IN THE REBELLION AND THEN THREATENING TO TURN
THEM OVER TO THE POLICE.
AFTER A THREE-HOUR CIA BRIEFING OCT. 22, SEN. SAM NUNN, 0-GA., A
SENATE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE MEMBER, SAID ALL VERSIONS OF THE MANUAL
'HAD SOME OF WHAT WOULD BE CALLED QUESTIONABLE TO SOME AND TO OTHERS
OFFENSIVE LANGUAGE RELATING TO SO-CALLED 'NEUTRALIZATION.'"
FROM NUNN'S STATEMENT HOWEVER; IT WAS NOT CLEAR THAT THE TWO OTHER
SECTIONS - ON "MARTYRS" AND COERCION - WERE ALSO LEFT IN THE
EDITION APPROVED AND PRINTED AT CIA HEADQUARTERS.
WHITE HOUSE AND CIA OFFICIALS HAD NO COMMENT ON THE ACCOUNT THAT
ONLY ONE SECTION WAS REMOVED.
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
THE INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS SAID THERE WERE THREE VERSIONS OF THE
MANUAL, ENTITLED "PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS IN GUERRILLA WAR." THE
FIRST WAS WRITTEN A YEAR AGO BY A CIA CONTRACT OFFICER IN CENTRAL
RMERICA FOR THE NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC FORCE, THE MAIN U.S.-BACKED
REBEL GROUP FIGHTING NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT.
AFTER ABOUT 200 COPIES OF THAT VERSION WERE DISTRIBUTED, THE REBELS'
PROPAGANDA CHIEF, EDGAR CHAMORRO, EXCISED TWO PAGES DEALING WITH
HIRING PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS AND CREATION OF "MART/RS," THE
OFFICIALS SAID. ABOUT MOO COPIES OF THE REVISED VERSION WERE THEN
SENT TO REBEL FIGHTERS.
MEANWHILE, THE ORIGINAL MANUAL WAS ALSO REVIEWED BY MID-LEVEL
OFFICERS AT CIA HEADOUARTERS, WHO PRINTED AN ADDITIONAL 3,000 COPIES
LAST SPRING, DROPPING THE REFERENCE TO PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS BUT
RETAINING THE "MARTYR" SECTION AS WELL AS THE PARTS ON
"NEUTRALIZING" AND COERCION, THE OFFICIALS SAID.
AFTER THE ASSOCIATED PRESS REPORTED THE EXISTENCE OF THE MANUAL OCT.
14: THE CIA ISSUED A "RECALL" OF ALL COPIES AND INSTRUCTED
NICARAGUAN REBELS TO IGNORE ITS CONTENTS.
AN INTERNAL CIA INVESTIGATION WAS COMPLETED THIS WEEK AND A SECRET
REPORT HAS BEEN SENT TO THE PRESIDENT'S INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT BOARD,
WHICH IS ALSO REVIEWING HON THE MANUAL WAS PRODUCED AND WHETHER IT
VIOLATED PRESIDENTIAL BANS ON U.S. PARTICIPATION IN ASSASSINATIONS.
THE HOUSE AND SENATE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEES HAVE PUT OFF PLANNED
HEARINGS ON THE MANUAL UNTIL AFTER NEXT TUESDAY'S PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION.
RP-NY-11-01-04 0i42EST
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
R W
PRIMER
WASHINGTON (UPI) -- CIA ADVISERS RECEIVED REPORTS OF WIDESPREAD
ATROCITIES AND CORRUPTION IN THE RANKS OF CIA-BACKED REBELS IN
NICARAGUA LAST YEAR, PROMPTING OFFICIALS TO PUBLISH A CONTROVERSIAL
GOVERNMENT HANDBOOK, IT WAS REPORTED WEDNESDAY.
THE WASHINGTON POST QUOTED REBEL LEADERS IN ACCOUNTS CORROBORATED
BY U.S. INTELLIGENCE SOURCES. CONCERN OVER THE CONDUCT OF THE REBELS,
KNOWN AS fiCONTRASIR LED CIA OFFICIALS. TO ASSIGN AN ADVISER KNOWN AR
jOHN KIRKPATRICK TO TRAVEL TO REBEL BASE CAMPS IN HONDURAS TO fiSSESS
THE SITUATION.
KIRKPATRICK REPORTET BACK TO CIA HEADQUARTERS,IN_buEURBRN____
WASHINGTON, WHERE COMPILATION OF THE MANURL bblAN, [Ht rut)! tyhiLl.
TRPER QUOTED EDGAR CHAMORRO, WHO HEADED PROPAGANDA ACTIVITitt. Hi
,,u,
Inc lint rilK THE NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC FORCE, OR FD N, RS SAYING
KIRKPATRICK RETURNED TO HONDURAS ?AND, WORKING WITH FOUR CONTRA
OFFICIALS, PUT TOGETHER THE 90-PAGE BOOKLET. CHAMORRO SAID THE MANUAL
WAS PRINTED AND DISTRIBUTED IN TEGUCIGALPA, THE HONDURAN CAPITAL, IN
LATE NOVEMBER. .
THE MANUAL WAS DESIGNED TO NODERATE CONTRA, CONDUCT AND PROVIDE
GULutLiNtt, ruK hiftFiribTuWIN SUFHAI AMONG NICARAGUAN CIVILIANS,
THE PAPER SAID.
KtLl L
UyL., t Tow NE.LN7.,
PRESIDENT FAMQuiv
AND
THE
m,T,
HOJSt
mvut liqU
CALL FOR AN INVESTIGATION BECAUSE IT Huvut,HiLu THAT SELECTED
NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS BE t'NEUTRALIZED.''
CONTRA LEADERS TOLD THE POST ITS PURPOSE WAS TO STEM
ENDISCRIMINATE KILLINGS AND OTHER ABUSES MENTIONED IN THE REPORTS
REACHING CIA OFFICIALS.
UPI i0-3i-84 it: HE;
4
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
ApprugsLEcor Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RIDP56B00269R00150014000-9
OPERATIONs cENTER/CURRENT SUPPORT GROUP
News Bulletin:
CIA Manual
Said Aimed at
Contra Abuses
By Brian Barger
Special to The Washington Post
MIAMI?CIA advisers working
with rebels fighting the Nicaraguan
government received reports of
widespread atrocities and corrup-
tion in rebel ranks last year and
compiled a controversial handbook
in response to the abuses, accord-
ing to leaders of the main rebel
movement in accounts corroborated
by U.S. intelligence sources.
Concern over the conduct inside
Nicaragua of the rebels, known as
contras, led CIA officials to assign
an adviser, known to the rebels as
John Kirkpatrick, to travel to rebel
base camps in Honduras in Septem-
ber, 1983, to assess the situation,
contra officials said. After a tour of
the region, they said, Kirkpatrick
reported back to CIA headquarters
in McLean, Va., where compilation
of the manual was begun.
Kirkpatrick returned to Hondu-
ras 10 days later and, working with
four contra officials, put together
the 90-page booklet, according to
Edgar Chamorro, who headed prop-
aganda activities at the time for the
Nicaraguan Democratic Force, or
FDN. He said the manual was
printed and distributed in Teguci-
galpa, the Honduran capital, in late
November. The manual, Chamorro
said, was designed to moderate
contra conduct and provide guide-
lines for attempts to win support
among Nicaraguan civilians.
The manual became highly con-
troversial when it received wide
attention in Wishington two weeks
ago, mainly because of passages
advocating that selected Ni-
caraguan government officials be
"neutralized." Actually, according to
contra leaders, its purpose was to
stem indiscriminate killings and oth-
er abuses mentioned in the reports
reaching CIA officials.
The portions of the manual deal-
ing with specific "neutralization,"
WASHINGTON POST
P-Al
31 October 1984
Item No .1
they said, were designed t4 stei
the use of violence into more sele
tive and productive channels.
One result of the campaign 1
bring rebel troops under control,
according to various contra leaders,
was the arrest and court-martial of
a contra commander and several
troops who "went crazy" during a
killing spree inside Nicaragua dur-
ing the summer of 1983. Members
of the group were found guilty and
executed late last year, they said.
A CIA public affairs official, asked
about the general contra account of
events last week, declined to com-
ment. But two U.S. intelligence of-
ficials confirmed the contra version.
Although accounts of contra
abuses began to appear from the
beginning of the U.S.-funded "se-
cret war" against Nicaragua's ruling
. Sandinista Front in late 1981, it.
was not until last year that there
were widespread confirmed re-
ports. Incidents continue to be re- .
ported this year, and the overall
effectiveness of the campaign to
stem the abuses has been difficult
to assess.
Since the controversial portions
of the manual became public, Pres-
ident Reagan and the House and
Senate intelligence committees
have requested investigations and
an explanation about how it came to
be written. According to Sen. Dan-
iel Patrick Moynihan (D-N.Y.), the
deputy inspector general of the CIA
is expected to submit a report of his
internal investigation to CIA Direc-
tor William J. Casey, after which
congressional hearings are to be
scheduled.
Following an initial CIA briefing
last week, Sen. Malcolm Wallop
(R-Wyo) said he had read the man-
ual and that, "taken as a whole, the
manual calls for the avoidance of
vidlence to the extent possible and
was designed to put restraint and a
rationale on guerrilla
;operations . . . As a whole, the
manual is a code of conduct for
which the United States ought not
to be ashamed."
An aide to a prominent Senate
Democrat who also was familiar
with the CIA briefing, however,
said he had expected the CIA to
seek to cast the manual in the best
;possible light by explaining it as a
positive effort against abuses.
f)6., i 0 14:
Approved
"But there's no logic to it," he
said. "It's a deeper hole than before.
The way we turn them into good
guys is to make them political as-
sassins? Give me a break."
The aide noted that the CIA "has
never been consistent" on the de-
gree of control it had over the con-
tras. "They wanted to be able to say
everything was fine unless there
was a problem, in which case it was
renegades," he said.
The general outline of accounts
by contra officials in interviews
over the past week coincides with
earlier reports that the CIA had
received news of rebel abuses as
early as July, 1982.
But the officials provided more
details about the specific nature of
the abuses and the direct connec-
tion between them and the writing
of the manual. In addition, these
accounts call into question the ex-
tent to which CIA officials in Wash-
ington participated in compiling the
final version of the manual.
Chamorro said the adviser,
known to the rebel troops as
Juanito, met with him at the Alame-
da Hotel in Tegucigalpa on Sept. 4
through 6, 1983. Chamorro said he
then escorted Kirkpatrick to a rebel
base camp near Paraiso, Honduras,
along the Honduran-Nicaraguan
border. At the time, Chamorro said,
about 1,000 rebels there were pre-
paring for an attack on the Ni-
caraguan town of Ocotal.
During his visit to this and other
rebel camps that month, Kirkpa-
trick learned of numerous instances
of ? indiscriminate killings of Ni-
caraguan civilians, forced recruit-
ment, rapes of young women, tor-
ture and occasional public execu-
tions of FDN soldiers accused of
disobeying orders. In addition, Cha-
morro said, Kirkpatrick also learned
of widespread corruption among
some rebel commanders.
The CIA adviser took his findings
to the CIA station chief in Teguci-
galpa and returned to Washington
where he also reported his findings
to superiors at CIA headquarters,
according to the rebel and intelli-
gence sources.
IIIS 1C1.1.1111 Kt egucigaipl 10
days later, he began working on the
manual, called "Psychological Op-
erations in Guerrilla Warfare," Cha-
morro said.
Chamorro said in a series of in-
terviews here that the American
adviser was particularly concerned
about charges that some contra
:task force commanders were steal-
ing money provided by the CIA to
feed the troops, which amounted to
$1 a day for each fighter.
"How can they do this?" Cha-
morro quoted the American as say-
ing. "These peasants are laying
down their lives for the cause, and
these son-of-a-bitch commanders
are stealing their money for food."
Chamorro said the the American
adviser spoke Spanish, and closely
identified with the rebels, treating
those he worked with well. A spe-
cialist in propaganda activities,
Kirkpatrick traveled frequently to
rebel base camps between Septem-
ber and November 1983 to hold
classes on public speaking, and in-
struct rebels in the use of cameras,
tape recorders and loudspeakers,
he recalled.
"He always emphasized the need
; to respect the population," said
!Chamorro, who worked closely with
him. "At the beginning of each
course, Juanito would give each stu-
dent a new set of clothes and a
lbaseball cap, and bought them food.
They had a lot of respect for him." ?
' In a speech he gave in one class
along the Honduran-Nicaraguan
border, Chamorro recalled, Kirk-
patrick, of Irish descent, equated
the Nicaraguan rebels with the Irish
Republican Army, which he said
was fighting a similar battle to rid
their country of British domination.
Kirkpatrick learned during tours of
rebel base camps that some rebel
commanders would, as punishment,
hang a rakel upside down by his feet
from a tree, Chamorro said.
Another commander would bury a
rebel up to his neck for the slightist
infraction, he added. One, known as
Commander Suicide, reportedly ex-
ecuted a group of rebels last year, in
front of his troops, for refusing to go
on a mission the rebels insisted was
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Approved For Release 2005/12/23: CIA-RDP86B00269R001500140001-9
Suicide was one of the best
known of the contra commanders,
both inside and outside Nicaragua.
In early 1983 he allowed two re-
porters, including a correspondent
of The Washington Post, to accom-
pany him and his troops on a mis-
sion into Nicaragua from a contra
base camp in Honduras in what ap-
peared in part to be an effort to
publicize the rebels' military prow-
ess and level of support within the
Nicaraguan population.
A former member of the National
Guard of Nicaraguan diptator Anas-
tasio Somoza, Suicide fled the coun-
try with hundreds of his fellow sol- ;
diers following Somoza's overthrow
by the Sandinistas in 1979. After
taking refuge in Honduras, he and
his men began guerrilla strikes
against the Sandinistas and their
Cuban advisers inside Nicaragua
even before being incorporated into
the U.S.-funded effort that was ap-
proved by Reagan in November,
1981, as a means of stopping al-
leged Nicaraguan arms shipments
to leftist guerrillas in El Salvador.
According to widespread ac-
counts of various rebels and FDN
leaders, Commander Suicide, in
charge of rebel activites in Nueva
Segovia province, "went crazy"
when his wife, also a rebel, was
killed last year, and "went on a ram-
page" in May of last year. Suicide
and a group of close advisers car-
ried out indiscriminate killings, kid-
napings and rapes of Nicaraguan
civilians, they said.
One FDN leader in charge of po-
litical education and psychological
operations for the rebel group said
he spent time with Commander Sui-
cide last year, attempting to curb
abuses. The rebel leader, Salvador
Icaza, said in a telephone interview
that these abuses did not represent
FDN policy, and equated these in-
stances with the 1968 My Lai mas-
sacre in Vietnam carried out by
American troops. "My Lai did not
represent what the American effort
in Vietnam stood for," he said.
Commander Suicide was eventu-
ally pulled out of the field by FDN
leaders and held under house arrest
by Argentine military advisers at a
safe house outside Tegucigalpa for
several months, contra sources said.
The Argentines, working with the
rebel military high command at the
time, helped to establish a court-
martial for Suicide and others ac-
cused of "war crimes." They were
tried and sentenced to death and
were executed late last year, accord-
ing to several contra commanders.
The Ipsychological operations
manual, Chamorro said, was pro-
duced by a five-person team, made
up of Kirkpatrick; Chamorro; a man
named Ortiz, who ran the 15th of
September contra radio station; an
unidentified woman who typed the
manuscripts and helped with trans-
lations, and a man identified as
"Plato," Who did the final proofread-
ing of the manual, and took it to a,
i local printer in Tegucigalpa.
About 2,000 copies were brought
to a rebel safe house in Tegucigalpa
Nov. 21, 1983. The American left
Honduras a few days later, Cha-
morro recalled, and returned in ear-
ly January 1984 with a min Kirk-
: patrick said was to be his replace-
ment, Chamorro recalled:
? Chamorro said there was only
one printing of the manual that he
was aware of, and the final manu-
, script, was not sent to Washington
before being sent to the printer. He
said that in late December he tore
out two pages from all of the books
except about 200 that already had
been distributed. He said the pages
dealt with the hiring of professional
? criminals and the selective killing of
? the contras' own men to create
"martyrs" for their cause.
Charnorro's account of the Te-
gucigalpa printing and his own lim-
ited editing appears at variance
with Other versions, including one
offered by Reagan in his Oct. 21
debate with Democratic presiden-
tial candidate Walter Mondale. The
president said the CIA edited most
of the 2,000 copies of the printed
Manual to excise portions dealing
with "neutralization" before allow-
ing them to be distributed.
f
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OPERATION?PPC&FIVIVEMZENt
.cmp.
.;
6101.696/1eyet9001 -9
News Bulletin: THE AP CITY WI RE SERVICE, A95 & A100
NEM
RW
NILAIKHuUR-NANUAL
BY ROBERT PARRY
30 OCTOBER 1984
ITEM No. 5
- WASHINGTON (RP) -- SEN. IthKKY UULJLMI,A, ,n17CHRIRMRN OF THE
SENATE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEEs INTENDS TO PUT OFF HERRINGS ON ;Ht i..1H
NICARAGUAN REBEL MANUAL UNTIL AFTER KENT WEEK'S PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
SENRTE AIDES SAID TUESDAY.
''THE
CHAIRMAN FEELS VERY STRONGLY.THAT HE DOESN'T WANT :u
POLITICIZE THE INTELLIGENCE RGENCY AND RN INTELLIGENCE PROSLEMs"
ONE COMMITTEE STAFF AIDEs WHO SPOKE ONLY ON CONDITION HE NOT SE
IDENTIFIED. HE ADDED THAT A HEARING WOULD LIKELY BE HELD SHORTLY
THE NOV. 6 ELECTION.
EARL EISENHOWER: SPOKESMAN FOR GOLDWATER; CONFIRMED THAT
rft!A.K
THE crvTnp
14FiS NO PLANS TO RETURN 70 WASHINGTON FROM ARIZONA THIS WEEK TO CHAiR M
-14 E.IK n A? p???
Nu ON ZthUra:
?-?
titLi:UNs
- 'SOME
nr
wr
s.f.:;,11!,!? ,1^^
^ I
? Unt CONTROVERSY UYiN rihNi-ihL) nit; 6r.r.N
;WAN UP MORE THAN IT uttt.KVES:'
-NTERVIEW FROM ARIZONA. "I DON'
TO THE ELECTION."
S1.-h
?
MMIKILA
EISENHOWER SAID Tm c
%
ttLtrtluNt
P.w:tt BC R
? ? ? . ; ???,. . L. L ? . ? . ? ? ,
MOYNIHAN: 0-N.Y., THE r.:CkjC;IC VICE 1..-JmTpyp,
n ,
^ ROLE IN PRODUCING R
AK.t.Std M MtMKINU 1M:b WttN :Mt Lih
-PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE MANUAL THAT Kr.LuIENDS THE
1,CrIrnTTW:
uLrvr:: To :11TRI:o47::: NIcRuouRN DFFIcIRL
s.
L
c,n 14:tirs.r.:
ETAFFJ.NVtbilLIM;UX iUK iftftLI-IdtNt:m
- ?. nt: g!.t
Miqt K.1-N Ki-fiCWO uk Inc M;;;ii.in. MAL; P1. .5.1
ABOUT ocpcpTcr) NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT CHARGES,
-RE3ELS HAVE cycrItTrrl
rl le 1
rnur.r..t?Arkil-
1.3%.1VCANr;Ci*;
TUr
THAT
prr or
?
1:10.10.
t,1MYE
it- P. nr.r%Vr-r-
?,.?, ,. ,,P.
NMI/ bh11) thNLItK THEY DID NOT rLmN h 15CrUK: NE 1. XT
WEEK'S ELECTIONS.
- IN OTHER DEVELOPMENTS TUESDAY RELATED TO "NTPRI AMERICA:
CENTRAL
--STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN JOHN
HUGHES SAID THE UNITED STATES Dn;E:
ADT SEEK THE OUSTER OF NICARAGUA'S SRNDINISTR GOVERNMENT DFSPITE
SUGGESTIONS IN THE CIA
ACCOMPLISHED.
mcw!nn!
ON MOW
;MM:
--PRFSTDFNT RFAr.AK CHP'PrD P NATTnNA'
. 4 ? i41 I .k..) LT1 ;
MIGHT
Cc-
Crrfl7rV
tlrf.71-Trr' UT.:! r;
70 CONDUCT WHAT ONE OFFICIAL CALLED A ''ROUTINE REVIEW? OF THE
SITUATION IN CENTRAL AMERICA. THE OFFICIAL SAID HE
MANUAL TO BE DISCUSSED.
DID NOT cyv-r-r
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RITORVA918R0MER140001-9
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
LRST SUNDRY/ IN RN R3C TELEVISION INTERVIEW/ GOLDWRTER SRID HE 1)10
lssr; oNyTuING To FT ;:xr7Trro, ppouTO firn ratoR1
IU ? Leii?' I? iJ CM flit Milt/ hoNL.vf.
l'WHRT IS WRONG kITH
THIS PRRTICULRR HRNDBOOK? IT'S R PANDBCOK SUCH RS
rRN Y OF US CARRIED IN WORLD WAR II; PROBRBLY IN KORER; PROBABLY IN
VIETNRN/ THRT INSTRUCTED US HOW TO GET ALONG/ NOT NECESSRRILY HOW TO
I S S
NA LL."
"-^ ""!
bULVOCtltx: Mrib 11 1 M MthKi.NU *ILL. BE HELD RFTER THE CIR INSPECTOR
GENERAL COMPLETES R REPORT ON WHETHER 7" wAv"R''S 0.
iiist? ? CONTENTS V"tFTF
1W.A!?
-PRESIDENTIRL BRN ON U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN RSSPSSINRTIONS.r.
M";tK ,"?
0..
;
EXISTENCE OF
TE
MRNURL kRS DISCLOSED/
!MtCR UKnat v- n n T. ! r% ur%
U f
DISREGRRD
01?011."
I f
RECOMMENDRTIONS.
- TWO CONGRESSIONRL STRFF AIDES SAID
??? I 1 p?
INSPECTOR GENERAL'
lha S
-HRD BEEN COMPLETED RND kSS BEING SENT :iv en p. ;r:r. Nct.:1;ut,4i-tt
-OVERSIGHT BORRD. ,,n00. 0+
ffItY If 'mwr.
P4waLL,
PROBABLY NOT
?
-HOUSE AND SENATE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEES,' UNTIL
LmIcA
LIM
SPOKESMSN GEORGE
7.)0000..
REFUSED COMMENT
'INSPECTOR SENERRL'S REPORT.
RFTER THE wPNUAL'S EXISTENCE WAS
ORDERED INVESTIGATIONS BY
z^ OARDs WHOSE
Li ?,- citrtnj
.e s .LNY?,31:Uh;IUNZ 1N:u THE MRNUAL.
71 .1R;;
? SSs NENBERS
Rt.UK:tL,
rc
n.--Du nnT
C. WISP.
hUKWMKt.,t0 1U ,mt
THIS WEEK.
UN !Mt mKUU:Ift U :m:
TWO WEEKS R3Os REAGAN
Ivf4tIcirTnr;., nrwjr.pc, COljr.;
0 i si 4.1!% ? !%!!? iv Ls'
Tur.
WT.1i:11!!
HE
DENOCRRTS CRLLED
rt," , K
ACCORDING TO INFORMRTION DEVELOPED B? THECONGRESSIONRL CO 'MITTEESs
THE MANUAL APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN DRAWN HEAVILY FROM A
?:?" r; L";r0
,1
-11crn TU M q. co rhrh-- 0 ...nn? V r'': ?...
i SI Tn:TU CD:r7Mt CntrsrM
?..,,J1-ii :n n l_oo %.-wiltt n: MA: CMML:it:l vi.6.if :w ;Mill,. ..,?1..,,Aioi_ ,u,L.:,
UNITS IN PSYCHOLOGICRL kRRFSRE TECHNIQUEB' SPPLICABLE TO VIETNAM.
.7 41,1111 ERLI: 17` I M; r1 7r7T D 70.0T Tr7,espMPE D N 1?, M I
..../1; ! ? ! ? ?.!
/1.? P. P. P. 41 1,1 P. ? PS T T !!! !
SELECTIVE MKrftt) `UKLts? THE LtLtt,UN rLmN
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" 1, ? P. I.% T .1. I.! II..
SELE `'LMNIVt0 Inxumfb ,Ititstbf
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:mA LULLtL:UKSu
?? ,,"?
-- 11:MY mtnuirt1.1 `UK rbYur (PSYCHOLDGICRL DPERRTIONS) EFFECT
BUT EXTENSIVE PRECRUTIONS MUST INSURE THRT THE PEOPLF 'CONCUR' IN SUC
AN RCT. .. ?
THE LESSON PLRN RLSO DISCUSSES
" HOLD' NG
R ;.MNUNKUU L.vUkf TO LIUL'Ut
'CAPTURED MILITRRY AND POLICE PERSONNEL WITH THE IDEA OF "FMEARRASSIN3/
-RIDICULING RND HUMBLING" THEM. THE PLAN SUGGESTS "RUNNING THP OUT OF
-TOWN OR ABDUCTING THEM; ww
, NOT ulDeTur Twtm I,
SINILRR PROPOSRLS - SOMETIMES NEARLY WORD FOR WORD -- Wit
iAJNIM.;.NtO
^P.0 ? EINCP17?'
IN r14 UM-s
THE 1-N--' ENTITLED "PSYCHEILOGItAL u'Lli...m;:um3 I. f "
RLTHOUGS THE MRNURL USES THE WORD "NEUTRALIZE" --
"REMOVE" -- WHEN DERLING WITH CAPTURED OFF:CIRLS.
DOES NOT USE THE PHRASE "KANGARIK COURT."
AP-WX-iD-E?B4 1545E67
KMML:K
0..
THRN
MPNURL
-END- I
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-.0, I.-
MLt,U
STAT
_4p.prcutWitivregin: CIA-RDP811300269R001500140001
OPERATION T SUPPORT GROUP
News Bulletini NEW YORK TINES NEWS SERVICE,
Nfl 107
OCTOBER 30, 1984
4146107 ITEM No.1
R W ZVTCZCEEV
TBC-SALVADOR-ASSESS
PEWS ANALYSIS)
HEDRICK SMITH
c.084 N.Y. TIMES NEWS SERVICE
WASHINGTON ? A CONTROVERSY OVER THE CENTRAL
MANUAL FOR NICARAGUAN REBELS HAS
9
STAT
INTELLIGENCE AGENCY'S
FOCUSED ON THE ISSUE OF POLITICAL
ASSASSINATIONS. BUT WHAT HAS BEEN LARGELY OVERLOOKED IS THAT THE
DISPUTE HAS ALSO DRAWN THE ADMINISTRATION - AND BY IMPLICATION,
PRESIDENT REAGAN - INTO ENDORSING A CAMPAIGN TO OVERTHROW THE
NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT.
FOR MORE THAN TWO YEARS THE ADMINISTRATION'S OBJECTIVES IN NICARAGUA
HAVE BEEN A POINT OF DEBATE WITH CONGRESS, WITH CRITICS CONTENDING
THAT THE PRESIDENT WAS BENT ON DOING AWRY WITH THE SANDINISTA
GOVERNMENT IN NICARAGUA, AND THE ADMINISTRATION SAYING PUBLICLY THAT
ITS GOALS WERE MORE LIMITED.
BOTH DEMOCRATS AND REPUBLICANS ASSERT THAT THE MANUAL SHEDS NEW
LIGHT ON THE ADMINISTRATION'S REAL GOALS,
THE PRESIDENT HAS SAID THE MANUAL WAS WRITTEN BY A CIA CONTRACT
EMPLOYEE AND REVIEWED BY CIA OFFICIALS HERE AND IN CENTRAL AMERICA
"euoRE BEING PRINTED." ON SUNDAY, SEN. DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN,
D-N.Y., SAID THE MANUAL WAS DRAWN FROM MATERIAL USED IN THE TRAINING
OF U.S. SPECIAL FORCES DURING THE VIETNAM WAR. THE SENATOR, WHO IS
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN OF THE SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE, SAID
THE MANUAL INCLUDED 'SWORD FOR WORD" PASSAGES FROM GUERRILLA WARFARE
INSTRUCTIONS DEVELOPED BY THE ARMY IN 1968.
IN HIS DEBATE WITH WALTER F. MONDALEs REAGAN SAID HE OBJECTED TO
PASSAGES IN THE MANUAL THAT ADVOCATE AND GIVE ADVICE ABOUT POLITICAL
ASSASSINATIONS. HE SAID THAT THIS VIOLATED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER HE
ISSUED IN 1981 AND THAT, AFTER AN INTERNAL CIA INVESTIGATION, THE
PEOPLE RESPONSIBLE WOULD BE REMOVED.
BUT THE PRESIDENT RAISED NO OBJECTIONS DURING THE DEBATE - AND HAS
NOT SINCE THEN - TO THE BASIC MESSAGE OF THE MANUAL, WHICH DESCRIBES
GUERRILLA WAR AS A FORM OF POLITICAL WAR THAT IN NICARAGUA IS
INTENDED TO SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE POPULATION TO FOMENT OPEN
REVOLUTIONTO OVERTHROW THE " c.
SANDINISTA TRUCTURE.11
THE MANUAL CONTAINS SEVERAL SECTIONS SETTING OUT TECHNIQUES AND
OBJECTIVES FOR THE NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC FRONT; A GROUP BACKED BY THE
MA. IN THE PUBLIcHED VERSION OF THE MANUAL AVAILABLE HERE, THERE A^mmP?
SEVERAL Atzs4wr.?: j1y4fk:Filfdleliew 2php2/23 :pCIA-RDP86B00269R001509140001-9
a 4,ye / pit 3
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"WHEN THE INFILTRATION AND INTERNAL SUBJECTIVE CONTROL HAVE BEEN
DEVELOPED IN A MANNER PARALLEL TO OTHER GUERRILLA ACTIVITIES, A
COMMANDANTE OF OURS WILL LITERALLY BE ABLE TO SHAKE UP THE SANDINISTA
STRUCTURE, AND REPLACE IT."
"THE MASS ASSEMBLIES AND MEETINGS ARE THE CULMINATION OF A WIDE
SASE SUPPORT AMONG THE POPULATION AND IT COMES ABOUT IN THE LATER
PHASES OF THE OPERATION. THIS IS THE MOMENT IN WHICH THE OVERTHROW
CAN BE ACHIEVED AND OUR REVOLUTION CAN BECOME AN OPEN ONE, REQUIRING
THE CLOSE COLLABORATION OF THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF THE COUNTRY."
REAGAN, BY REPORTING THAT THE MANUAL HAD BEEN REVIEWED AND EDITED TO
DELETE OBJECTIONABLE PASSAGES, FIRST BY THE CIA "MAN IN CHARGE" IN
CENTRAL AMERICA AND THEN BY CIA HEADQUARTERS IN WASHINGTON, INDICATED
THAT THE PUBLISHED VERSION HAD OFFICIAL APPROVAL.
SOME CRITICS READ REAGAN'S REMARKS AS HIS OWN IMPLIED ENDORSEMENT OF
MOST OF THE MANUAL, BUT WHITE HOUSE OFFICIALS SAID HE HAD NOT SEEN IT.
"IT'S SIGNIFICANT THAT THE PRESIDENT IS CONFIRMING WHAT THE CRITICS
OF HIS POLICY HAVE BEEN SAYING ALL ALONG, THAT HIS POLICY IS TO GET
RID OF THE SANDINISTAS," SAID REP. MICHAEL D. BARNES, D-MD.,
CHAIRMAN OF THE HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS SUBCOMMITTEE ON WESTERN
HEMISPHERE AFFAIRS.
WHITE HOUSE OFFICIALS DECLINE TO TALK FOR THE RECORD. BUT PRIVATELY,
THEY REPORT THAT REAGAN HAS STILL NOT SEEN THE MANUAL. ONE SENIOR
OFFICIAL SAID THAT "WE'LL BE AT A LOSS ON ANY FINE POINTS," SUCH AS
THE POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE MANUAL, UNTIL THE CIA's INTERNAL
INVESTIGATION IS COMPLETED.
FOR THE LAST TWO YEARS REAGAN HAS EXPRESSED STRONG MORAL SUPPORT
rvn
NICARAGUAN "FREEDOM FIGHTERS" AND ASSERTED HIS DESIRE TO SEE
DEMOCRATIC CHANGES IN NICARAGUA. BUT HE HAS DENIED BACKING A
REVOLUTIONARY OVERTHROW OF THE SANDINISTA GOVERNMENT.
FOR EXAMPLE, ADDRESSING CONGRESS ON APRIL 27; 1983; REAGAN SAID:
"OUR PURPOSE, IN CONFORMITY WITH AMERICAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAA, IS
TO PREVENT THE FLOW OF ARMS TO EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, AND
COSTA RICA." BUT REFERRING TO THE SANDINISTA GOVERNMENT IN
NICARAGUA, HE SAID, "WE DO NOT SEEK ITS OVERTHROW."
CONGRESS ORIGINALLY AUTHORIZED THE CIA TO HAVE NICARAGUAN REBEL
GROUPS TRY TO CHECK THE ARMS FLOW FROM NICARAGUA TO LEFTIST
GUERRILLAS IN EL SALVADOR. BUT REBEL OPERATIONS SPREAD TO INCLUDE
RAIDS AGAINST NICARAGUAN OIL INSTALLATIONS AND TOBACCO FARMS AND
EVENTUALLY TO THE MINING OF NICARAGUAN PORTS AND HARBORS, AND CRITICS
IN CONGRESS SAID THE CIA WAS PURSUING BROADER AIMS.
IN LATE 1982s THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, LED BY REF. EDWARD P.
BC,LANCis D-MASS.5 AND CHAIRMAN OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE, ENACTED
A SAN ON THE USE OF AMERICAN MONEY TO OVERTHROW THE SANDINIETAS. THE
SENATE FOLLOWED SUIT,
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IN SEPTEMBER i9833 THE ADMINISTRATION WON SENATE BACKING FOR A
SOMEWHAT BROADER MISSION TO ALLOW THE CIA TO SUPPORT BOTH
INTERDICTION OF THE NICARAGUAN ARMS FLOW AND REBEL HARASSMENT OF THE
NICARASUAN GOVERNMENT TO GET IT TO STOP EXPORTING REVOLUTION.
WITH SOME POLITICAL EMBARRASSMENT FOR THE ADMINISTRATION, NICARAGUAN
REBEL LEADERS HAVE SAID PUBLICLY THAT THEIR GOAL IS A REVOLUTION TO
OUST THE SANDINISTAS. IN RESPONSEs ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS HAVE SAID
THAT NASHINGTON COULD NOT CONTROL REBEL STATEMENTS AND MAINTAINED
THAT AMERICAN OBJECTIVES WERE DIFFERENT. BUT NOW MEMBERS OF BOTH
PARTIES IN CONGRESS CONTEND THAT THE GUERRILLA MANUAL HAS UNDERCUT
REAGAN'S ABILITY TO MAINTAIN THAT DISTINCTION.
NYT-10-29-R4 2334ErT
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0 PE RATI ONT trgiMatedial
/ rip I fr66 09 R 500140001-9 gtt0,
News Bulletin: NEW YORK TIMES, PAGE A-6
29 OCTOBER 1984 6K5
ITEM No, 1
C.I.A. Manual Is Linked
To Vietnam War Guide
.FASHINGTON, Oct. 28 ? A manual
ongtierrilla warfare prepared for Nica-
raguan rebels by the Central Intelli-
gence Agency was drawn from ma-
teriai used to train United States Spe-
cial Forces troops during the Vietnam
WirSenator Daniel Patrick Moynihan
said Zoday.
T'he New York Democrat, who is
deputy chairman of the Senate Select
Go'mmittee on Intelligence, said that
the -manual included "word for word"
passiges from guerrilla warfare in-
structions developed by the United
States Army in 1968.
tMr. Moynihan said that the instruc-
Oohs, which were used to train Special
Fkixces troops, also known as Green
Berets, at Fort Bragg in North Caroli-
na ;were provided to the intelligence
committee last week by the C.I.A. and
had been located in the agency's 11-
'The C.I.A. C.I.A. manual has come under
idtense scrutiny and criticism since its
oistence was disclosed two weeks ago,
with most attention focused on the
benklet's comments on how to "neu-
tralize" Nicaraguan leaders.
?
, Assassinations Prohibited
'The intelligence agency is prohibited
by Presidential order from directly or
indirectly planning or carrying out as-
sassinations.
;Mr. Moynihan said that the Army
material included advice about how to
"rtMove" civilian leaders as part of a
campaign of psychological warfare. He
said that the term "remove" was
clearly meant to be synonymous with
assassination and that the instructions
were apparently modeled on terror
teclniques that he said were used dur-
ing -the Communist takeover of China
in the 1940's.
They were talking," Mr. Moynihan
said; "about a specific technique of the
Chinese Communists. Every time they
came to a village they identified some-
as a landowner, an oppressor.
They got everybody together in the vil-
lage and they formally shot him."
Senate aide said that the Army ma-
terial mentioned by Mr. Moynihan
came from "lesson plans" developed in
1468 by the psychological operations
department of the United States Army
Special Warfare School at Fort Bragg.
Approved For
By PHILIP TALISMAN
spoaai to roo New York Tiling!
? Response From the Pentagon
;Lieut. Comdr. Charles D. Smith, a
Defense Department spokesman, said
that a review of lesson plans since 1972
"has revealed no reference to assassi-
nation being condoned or encouraged."
He said the Pentagon had not yet lo-
'
rated the 1968 plan uncovered by the
Senate investigators.
The Senate aide said that one of the
lesson. plans, No. 643, was entitled
"Armed Psyop." Psychological war-
fare operations are known in military
Argon as "Psyops." The subtitle, ac-
cording to the aide, was "Implicit and
explicit terror. Psyop by selected use of
armed force."
Under that heading, he said, the plan
included these "teaching points":
"Carefully selected, planned targets
? judges, police officials, tax collec-
tors, etc ? may be be removed for
Psyop effect in an Unconventional
Warfare Operations Area, but exten-
sive precautions must insure that the
people 'concur' in such an act by thor-
ough explanatory canvassing among
the affected populace before and after
conduct of the mission."
'Selective Use of Violence'
The manual has a section entitled
"implicit and explicit terror." In a sec-
tion called "Selective Use of Violence
for Propagandistic Effects," it says:
"It is possible to neutralize carefully
selected and planned targets, such as
court judges, police and state security
officials. . . . etc. For psychological
purposes it is necessary to take ex-
treme precautions, and it is absolutely
necessary to gather together the popu-
lation affected, so that they will be
present, take part in the act, and for-
mulate accusations against the oppres-
sor."
Senator Barry M. Goldwater, Repub-
lican of Arizona, the chairman of the
Senate Intelligence Committee, said
that an investigation of the C.I.A.
manual by the intelligence agency's in-
spector general would not be com-
pleted until the end of the week. The
Senate committee has tentatively
scheduled hearings on the manual this
week.
Mr. Goldwater and Mr. Moynihan
made their comments in telephone in-
terviews and on the ABC News pro-
gram "This Week."
Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
Author Not Publicly Identified
A member of the House Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence, which is also in-
vestigating the manual, said that the
committee had asked the C.I.A. to or-
der the author of the booklet, who has
not been publicly identified, to appear
before the panel within the next two
weeks.
The lawmaker said the staff had
determined that the author borrowed
much of the information in the manual
from the 1968 instruction material used
at Fort Bragg: "It seems that most of
what he did was translate the stuff into
Spanish rather than write much that
was original," the legislator, a Demo-
cratic member of Congress, said.
Mr. Moynihan said it was not clear
whether the C.I.A., which paid the
manual's author to prepare the book-
let, had known until recent days that
much of its contents had been taken
from Green Beret training materials.
Senator Goldwater and William E.
Colby, a former Director of Central In-
telligence, said on the ABC program
that the word "neutralize" did not nec-
essarily mean that people should be
killed.
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
;14
444A004
R W CZCCZCUIV
iBC-INTEL
ic.1984 N.Y. TIMES NEWS SERVICE
WASHINGTON ? THE SENATE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEES HOPES TO BOLD A
HEARING NEXT WEEK ON THE ORIGINS OF A PRIMER ON GUERRILLA WARFARE
DEVELOPED BY THE CIA FOR USE BY THE NICARAGUAN REBELS A COMMITTEE
AIDE SAID SATURDAY NIGHT.
THE AIDE SAID THE PANEL HAS RECENTLY OBTAINED A COPY OF A 1968 ARMY
MANUAL ON GUERRILLA WARFARE. THE MANUALs PREPARED FOR USE BY THE
ARMY'S SPECIAL FORCES IN VIETNAM, CONTAINS PASSAGES THAT THE AIDE
SAID WERE STRIKINGLY SIMILAR" TO PORTIONS OF THE NICARAGUAN MANUAL,
IT IS UNCLEAR WHO WROTE THE MANUAL FOR THE NICARAGUAN REBELS.
CONGRESSIONAL STAFF MEMBERS HAVE SAID THE MAN WAS IDENTIFIED IN
INITIAL REPORTS AS JOHN KIRKPATRICKs A CIA EMPLOYEE IN THE VIETNAM
ERR WHO RETIRED AND WAS CALLED BACK ON CONTRACT. EDGAR CHAMORRO5 ONE
OF THE LEADERS OF THE NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC FORCE, HAS DESCRIBED
KIRKPATRICK AS A "MAVERICK" WHO SPENT THREE MONTHS WITH THE REBELS
LAST FALL.
THE WHITE HOUSE HAS SAID THAT THE MANUAL WAS WRITTEN BY A
"LOW-LEVEL CONTRACT EMPLOYEE."
THE PRIMER ADVOCATES THE "NEUTRALIZATION" OF NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS AND SULlumz.IS THAT THE REBELS ARRANGE FOR THE KILLING OF
SOME OF THEIR OWN FOLLOWERS SO THAT THEY COULD BECOME MARTYRS.
ASSASSINATIONS BY AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE AGENTS WERE FIRST BANNED BY
PRESIDENT FORD IN 1976. THAT PROHIBITION WAS RESTATED BY PRESIDENT
CARTER AND PRESIDENT REAGAN.
NTT-10-29-84 0851EsT
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
Approved For Release 2005/12/23 : CIA-RDP86600269R001500140001-9
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