SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ZVEREV, M.S. - ZVEREV, O.S.

Document Type: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP86-00513R002065710007-3
Release Decision: 
RIF
Original Classification: 
S
Document Page Count: 
100
Document Creation Date: 
November 2, 2016
Document Release Date: 
September 26, 2002
Sequence Number: 
7
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
December 31, 1967
Content Type: 
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
File: 
AttachmentSize
PDF icon CIA-RDP86-00513R002065710007-3.pdf6.16 MB
Body: 
MIKHAUZY, A.A., otv.red.; red.; mixoTswo ?.a,, red,'; KASVICH, A.G., X.R.o red,; BOBCW* V.V., red.; SUBBOTIN, X.Y., redo; SAKSOMMKO, L.V.#.red.; TMUKINA, X.Ap, takhn.red, [Astronomy in the U.S.S.R. during forty yearo 1917-1957; collected articles] Astronomiia v S$U sik vorok let, 1917-19,571 sbornik statei. Rsd.koll6giis: A.A.gikhoiloy i ar. Moskvii, Oos.izd_Vo fiziko-matem.lit-ry, 1960. 728 P. (MIRA 13:7) (Astronomy--History) ZVEM N.I. kandidat tekhniches~lkh nmik e- -6=alculation of the auction flue of baffle-type flyI-ash col- lectors. Toploonergetiks. 2 no.5:44it9 MY '5,5. (KWA 81:9) 1. Vessoyusnyy teplotekhnicheskly institut (Dust collectors) R SV) AID.P Subject USSR/Electricity Card 1/1 Pub. 110-a - 9/17 Author~ Zver~~~I., Kand. of Tech. Sci., Title Computing the outlet pipe of a screen-t,~pe ash ca'tch6r .Periodical Teploenergetika, 5, 44-49, My:1 955 Abstract A mathematical analysis for designing a pareen-6 e,~ ash Wi YP catcher eqiiipped with an ejector:j.'s pr6sented th iables, curves and equations. Five diagrams. Institution All-Union Heat,Technology' Inatituie Submitted No date AUTHOR: Zverev N*I* Candidate of Technioal SciQnces* TITIS: Modelling the motion of poly-dispex&~K/Rls- (Modelirovani-i dvizheniya li.) polidisper6n OY py FSRIODICAL: No "TeploeneMetikall (Thermal Power) 1957 Vol-41 -7, . : pp. 35 - 38 (U-S-S.R.5 ABSTRACT: Ia a previous article Ithe author showed that thexe are five criteria that characterisG the steady*otion of dusty gas or liquid. Two of:these.'eriteriajina lude the diameter of a dust particle., Conseqaently:th6se criteria are only applicable to mono-disperse dusts (that is dust consisting of particles of one size:on].yl In practice we have to deal almost eiclusively"with poly-disperse dusts, that is dus,ts,consisting of part- icles of many sizes. At low dust boncentrations when the motions of different fractions do,not inte.radt on one another modelling may be effected by sub-dividing the poly-disperse dust into,a number of narrow fract-ions and using corresponding fractions in the card 1/4 model. However, this pxocedure,As very laborious and is quite inapplicable at high cLoncentrations, Neither is it permissible to introduce some sort of means Modelling the motion of poly-disp.erse d4sts. (Cont.) 96-7-7/25 diameter into the criteria since in order 'V-O choose the diameter correctly it is necessary to know in advance the function that it is required to find* All this severly limits the possibilities of mode- lling for the study of industrial equipment and* there- fore, it is necessary to find additional conditions of similarity of motion of poly-diroperse dusts. , ;, The similarity of motion of tNo dust flows is then considered. During the course of the examinevion.*the dimensions of the dust particles.are .expressed,as,~a ratio of a dimension which is characteristic for the given dust so that the diameter of the particle is expressed by a dimensionless number. It is then Shom that in two systems with identical criteria consisting of characteristic dimensions all the:dust particles with identical dimensionless diameters have certain criteria in common. As a result of the eyamination additional criteria are in effect introduced'forl.poly- Card 2/4 disperse dust. In order to ensure cauplete similarity all five main critoria should be the same for both model and Modelling the motion of poly-dispe dusts. (Cont.) .T;I-T-T/25 specimen. This is often difficult,i'and-sometimes imp- ossible to achieve. It is therefore desirable to cut down the number of criteria and the various waysAa which this can be done are considered. It is shoun that simplification is possible when the range of concen- tration is from 0,05 to 0.1 kS/kgj'orAf t.4e force of gravity is negligible compared with the inertia forces. This latter point can be cleared up by using the test equipment in different positions, for oxample, if its performance does not change when it is. inverted, grav- ity may be igaoredo- It is shown that when modelling on the basis of three criteria the gaaspeed, dispem- ness and density of dust in the model are fally defined and cannot be selected arbitrarily, Therefore, this is the most difficult case of modelling. When modelling by two criteria two scales,are fixed and one is arbi- trary. Still further simplifications,are sometimes possible. Card 3/4 When the necessary scales have:been found the nece- ssary dust density is determined, then the best avail- able material is chosen, and then if the density is Modelling the motion of poly-disperse dusts. (Cont.) 96-7-.7/25 not qIlite of the value required the remaining scales are altered somewhat. -The various: I degrees of fineness required in the model dust are calculated and the. material is milled in a laboratory mill. Sieve anal- yses are made during the course of 'milling until-most of the dust is. of the required composition. If the dust contains an excess of fines or coarse particles these are removed by appropriate sieves. A quatity*of 100 - 200 grams of dust is usually necessary for tests on laboratory models and the quantity of dust required for a complete series of tests does not exceed 2 3 kg., In practice it is not difficult to produce such a quantity of dust of a required composition and in any case it is easier than preparing a larger quantity of close fractions. card 4/4 There are 4, figures and 2 references, 1 of which is Slavic. ASSOCIATION: All-Union Thermo-technical Institute (VTI) AVAILABIL, -7 /V ' V.I. (zagineer) & Zverevo N.I. (Cand-Te ch.sci.) AUTHOR: igaat Yev, U I TITLE: The flow of dusty gas round a cylinder (Obtekaniye tsilindra zapylennym gazom.) PERIODICAL: 1958 No.3. Toploonergetika pp. 30-40! (USSR) , , . ABSTRACT: There are muny processes in which dusty gas flows round a c:ylinder. , Of the total number of particulea that pass through a cros4-sectional area equal to that of the cylindor, but a considerable dist ancd in . , advance of it, only a proportion roach tho surfaca of the.oylinder and the remainder pass by. The ratio of those that touch the - cylinder to the total number -jas determined in this work for various conditions and the distribution of the dust oven the surface of the cylinder was studied. The experimental device consiated of a vertical, channel of 500 x 50 ima section. The tes-Voyliudor was located'at the centre of the section, parallol to thl short side, at~a distance of 45 hydraulic diameters from the inlet., Flow was always turbulent at the position of the cylinder. Arrangements were made to ensure that the conditions of air flow over the cylinder approximated~to those in a boundless flow. The other experimental conditions are described. The tests were carried out with friketions of milled anthracite and metal dust (an alloy of chremi= and iron) with' specific gravities of 1.055 find 7.3 -ram/cm'- respectively.. ,The fractions were prepared in air separators, Tile procedureof Card 1/4 preparation is described. The characteriatico.of the fractions in The f low of dusty gas round a cylinder. 0/2 respect of the velocity at which they fly i1pich-7W specdf Md hydraulic diameter (the diameter of a Bphero with~ isame density und pick-up speed) are tabulated. Dust for the''Aasts was poured'into a tube and blown into the collector by a strong yet of air from a needle valve. It was shown by special tests that with Qis method of . delivery the suspension broke up into individual~_Just particles,; uniformly distributed over the working section. In order to determine the proportion of (lust trapped on the cylinder ULO cylinder, iras wrapped round with it ring of cinefilm, 10 mti~~ivide smeared with petrolatum, wtUch trapped all. the dust particles .+,hat touched it. The film was then compared with a transparent scale under a microscope. Various experimental procedures were used ;md are described. Hine series of tests were made with dowmward flow, anthracite dust being used in Nos.1 - 7, and metal dust in Nos. 8 & 0. Speeds of around 2, 4, 12 & 16 m1sec were used with cylinderu of 12, 25 & 50 mm. diameter. In each series ofAests the finest fraations were used first followed by the coarser. The tes-ts were mado at rocm temperature and pressure. 11ohen Reynolds number for the particles is less than 0.1 the resistance to the medium acting' on the particles is given by the Stokes' formula, and the St criterion defines the motion. Card Mien Reynolds number for the particles is greater than 0.1 Stokes' 9//A formula is inapplicable and motion is not uniquely governed by the The flow of dusty gas round a cylinder. 96-3-10/26 St criterion. 1-kevious authors have given the proportion trappeil as tj a unique fraction of St,asually there was,,a considerable scatter of points and considerable difference between the general relationships obtained by dilteront authors. This~ was probably because in the experiments, Reynolds number was riot low anaugh and instead of a unique relationship between the proportion of particles trapped and St there should have been a family of curves. The authors' test results are given in Pig.l. 11.ie accuracy of the determinations is such that a family of curves can be plotted. Tlien -the particles move in a vertical flow their relative velocity at a distance from the cylind6r is practically equai to the speed of pick-up, but the velocity increases near the cylinder. Iuthe I I majority of tests the Reynolds number was 9'reator than 0.1 even.in the part remote from the cylinder. Therefore, in inast of the tests -the resistance factor according to Stokes' law was not deterTiinod. Then particles move in a vertical flow their trajoctory and:thc~ proportion trapped may also depend on gravitatioilal force. To check this point, trio additional series of tests~were made with anthracite dust and rising air flow at speeds of 2 and NAM/secend. Jn ihese tests the axial components of inertia iuid gravity forces wore opposed sE, that if gravitation was important the proportion trapped,should bo less than in the first series of tests. The ~results of -the tests Card 3/4 given in Fig.2. confirm that this was so. This applies even to the The flow of dusty gas round a cylinder. 00-3-10/26 finest of particles for which the air speed was'far above the pick-up speed. Dimensionlesia curves of tile distribution o4 trapped dust over the cylinder surface are of quite a different character with upward and downward flow as will be~ seen from Fia.3, t4 Therefore, gravity has a marked effect on the process. An additional criterion D is introduced that, together with the criterion St, determines the probability of particles hitting the cylinder with a downward flow of air. Fir ,.6. gives curves of the. distribution of trapped dust on the surface ot the cylinder with a downward flow of air. There are 7 figures, I table and 10 literature references (6 Russian and 4 Eliglish) ASSOCIATION: All-Union MerMo-Teebtlical Institute. (VE30SOVUZnvv Teplo- AvAnaLu: Li .brary of Congress. tekhnicheskiy Institut). C or d 4/4 61 ACCESS IOIN NR. AT404 0568 S/2546/64/1000/135/0063iDo9,Q,v. AUTHOR: Z Werev, N TITLE: Waves I n the atmosphere w SOURCE: Moscow. Tsentrallnrky institut prognozov. Trudrv, no. 135, 1964.. Sinopti,.ostatisticheskiye metodyfr prognozov pogody* (Synoptlc~statistical'methods of weather f e or casting), 63-90 TOPIC TAGS: meteorol f re culation, atmos- ogy, weather o casting, atmospheric cir* pheric wave, periodogram ABSTRACT: On the basis of a review of the extensive' b1b,liography, the authors analyzes the literature dealing with waveprocesses in the atmosphere and, des,'cribes the statistical methods of perlodogram analysis used by :Various authors1dr de- .,,.tecting large-scaie waves. It.is.s-hown that the statistically detect'ed V;aves'can be used for forecasting atmospheric circulation for as much as a month In advance. Particular attention Is given to an analysf~s of pressure and temperature waves with periods of 5 to 7 days, discovered by a great many investigators. Considera-. tion is given to the methods used by various authors who have. found wavei with periods of,12, 17, 25,-11, 13 and 22 days and many'others. in each case: the.';. -author hds attempted to determine whether these waves are real or a mathematical Card 1/2 ACCESSION NR: AT4040568 fiction, how stable they are If real, and whether they can be extrapolated for a Ilong period. it k concluded..that wave processes with periods~of 5-6, 8 and 13- 14 days are stochasv:cally real. Contrary.to certain other investigators, the t author believes that this fact can be.used~for practical"purposo*s and,that the methodology used in earlier attempts was faulty. Three signif,icant forny'llas are a presented which can be used for judging the presence of wave p,rotesses in the at-! mosphere, the most important being a spectral function of the entire process,: it Examples are cited showing how wave processes in cyclonic and 41nticy~lonic acti-, vity at the mean levet of the troposphere can be detected, The only period do- tected simultaneously in both the meridional and zonal air flow components is! T = 14 days. It Is shown, however, that there is no rlgorous,periodicity:in the atmosphere; the periods of 5, 8 and 14 days are approximat Ions. Recommenoot I ons,- are made for prediction of circulation at the mean level of the:troposphere, a)- though only for August,'September and October. only tho5e wavcs which devielop in quasi-stationary pressure systems are of practical value, for the forecaster. Orig. art. has: 93 formulas and 6 tables. ASSOCIATION; Tsentrallny*y ins'titut prognozov (central Institute of Forecasts) SUBMITTED: 00 oAT EACQ: o2ju164 ENCL: 00 car~f 2/2 SUB CODE: 'ES NO REF SOV: 036 :OTHER: 020 77 JA llj~ L__1428q~.66 m :EWT( IJP,4 AGG NR: AT6066666 souRcF, Gobr,-. u4/m , , ~ Ki~i)! AUTHORSi imov. L. 1(.,, (Kiev); KPJR_0D_cjwywl_&J (Kiev); T __Ellsldn. Zverev, 114 Taev); Lazareva. N. H. -ev) Ki ORG.- none -Investigation ot the_effec'ts' of.,soveral: a~toi TITLE,4 tant Alo- 'used-lor' t6r~ifi~ sties of heat resis -,blad' SOURCE: _Vs Ad V_ A ir irua --n.- v;; 5n- -noy (J or- h th 1_kAUipw_oh~ra6t t1jr: L ohq~o_67 K~?J-r( 1) ow -ACC ~NRt AT6_ ~28~,O -~o-il~ci-zd~iF-~-R-i2546/66/000/1531007910089 AUTHOR: 7-verev, N. I* ORG: none TITLE-. Long-range of the intensity of zontill:circ uAation of;the atmos-_ phere SOURCE. 'Moscow. Tsentrallnyy institut pr2Z=~~y. Trudy~ no. 153, 1966..~ Statis;icheskiye metody dolgosrochnoso prosnoza pogody (Stnti6tical methods of long- .,range weather forecasting), 79-89 JOPIC TAGS: long ranaa weatper forecasting, atmospheric current, linear:operator, linear equation .4,DSTRACT: The author examines the possibility of a long-range forecasting of the tensity of zonal circulation on the basis of the theo'ry of~linear extrapolation, ationary sequence, and stationary processes. A linear formula is derived for fare- casting the jrit.e.nsity of zonal circulation which, the author asserts, ii the: best extrapolation formula, since for Gaussian processes the linear operator 'is the beat operator of forecasting. From the investigation it is concluded that long-range forecasting of the intensity of zonal circulation and iarge-scale cLrculation in general can be successful only with consideration of the effect of history on the future development of synoptic processes or even of individual characteristics during the development of macroprocesses. The use of altitud6-variation charts and the Card 112 GW' ACC IRR AT6028447 SOURCE CODEj UR/2546/66/000 X064/066&i~ 7 AUTHOR: Zverev N, L; Kashleva, OR4: nont TITLE: Statistical method of forecasting the.zonal in6x SOURCE: 10scow. Tsentral'nyy instit6t PT ,Trudi, no. 153, 1966. 1&110 _Zuy, StatisticheskiYe metody dolgoorochnogo prognoza pogodyi.i(Statistical methods Pf long-". range weather forecasting), 64-68 i TO IC TAG statistic analysis, long range weather forecasting, atmospheric curre T. p -ore ABST~RRA ~T.The urpose of this investigation was to elicit the possibility of f casting the mean monthly value of the zonal index statistically. In t7oiking out this 6ethod, the authors proceeded from the assumption that'by taking into account the. past history of zonal circulation itlis"posuible to precalculate the value of the zonal index in the future by extrap,3iation. Having found that purely zonaLcircula- tion in its evolution undergoes variati6ns.with periods of 9 and 23 ntonths,tthe authors set up multiple regrission equations for forecasting the zonal,index for a: month with a zero and monthly length:lof time before the forecast phenomenon occurred, The values of the zonal index for past months were calculated as the starting data. The regression equations af or flacreening" the predictors had the form: A5, ) = 011MI-4+ +91141"~+ d4; Card 1/2 + PlAk-21, + PAY44), + (2) ACC NRs AT6028447 Here AI(n + m) are,the forecast values of the devLation of the index from the monthI5 norm; n is the initial number; Ion of'~ the value of the zonal, A I (n - k) is the deviat index (n - k) of the month from the norm of the same th; morl cli, 0i are empirical influence functions-("weights"). These equations werelderived separately~ for'. the cold ~41, and warm halves of the year, which in turn were divided J11to two halves. ~ Equation (1) gives the forecast of the deviations of the mean monthly values of the index from the norm in the.imonth fd1lowing'the initial month, and calculation by Eq~o (2) gives the forecast for the next month, or the forecast'of the~zonal index'vith a 30-day length of time beforeithe forecasting of the phen'olmenon occurs, An anslysis 'of the data showed that the proposed method of extrapolation makes it possible to pre- calculate the intensity of zonal circulation at the mesa level of the troposphere a satisfactory guarantee. Thus; precalculation of the index can be'tieed when.-;.. Utica compiling monthly forecasts by.theore I methods. Orig, art,. has: 5 f rmulas,,uidd~, 1 table and 2 figures. SUB-CODE: 04/ SUBM DATE:Fnone/ ORIG REF: 007 7. kh d 2/2 Car BAGROIIJI N-A,; VL-YIJXO',r, K.A.; "UVEREW, 14.1. FIT Principle of aralop7 and Its use ir pn-etteallvork.. Trudy TSIP. no.132'.41..,47 164. (MIRA 17~!C), IGIMTIYEV, V.I., insh.; ZYMNY, N.I., kandotekhn.nauk laboratory air separator with a boiling layer. Toploanergetika 7 no.2:55-58 P 160. (MIRL 13:3) lo Vseuoyut.nyy teplotekhnicheskiy, institut, (Separators (Machines)) The Storm ~Ifind of 14 November 1952 in the South of' the Eurdnean TerritIo ry of the USSR. Meteorol. i gidrologiya, No 6, 1953, pp 3-71 In the southeastern European part of the USSR from 91D 11,~Nbvember 1952 wind strengths up to 28-34. meters/second were observed. The author discussed the variation of the wind regime during this period. ,For each day be constructs tbe charts of wind velocity.for the ground level and for the altitude 300, 600, and 900 meters above the level of tb6 ground. The storm arose as the result of intense dropping pressure.in thelower kilometer layer, which transferred the momentum from ton to bottom with the simultaneous advection of cold masses from the northeast. 02,Geol, No 5, 1954) ZVXM,N.I., kandidat fisiko-vatematicheskikh nauk ij Meteorological works of.the Russian geophysicist 1. Smirnov. Meteor.i g1drol. no.5:56-57 W '53. (Nm 8:9) 1. Wentrallnyy Institut profsoyusav, Moskva. (Smirnov, Ivan Nikolaevich) Z- VeR Subject Card 1/1 Author Title Periodical Abstract r, 1. AID P - 180 USSR/Meteorology and Hydrology Pub. 71-a 7/26 Zverev, N..I,- on temperature forecasting Met. i gidro.,, no.2,, 28-29, 1955 The article is an attempt to est~$JiA.with equdtio'ns and charts the able played by turbulence in the,woving of warm air.1~7C.*i...table and 2 charts are given. SOVI 1,24-5~;54563 Translation from: Referativnyy zhurna.l, Mekhanika, 1958, Nr 5, p 91 (USSR) AUTHOR: Zverev, N. I. TITLE: On the Influence of the Temperature Field of. the Continent a~nd the Ocean during the Warm Season Upon the.Atmospheri'c Ci'rcula- tion in the Far East (0 vliyani, 'Lemper'aturnogo polya kontinienta i okeana v teploye vremya goda na atm,osferriuyu tsirkulyatsiyu v usloviyakh Dal' nego Vostoka) PERIODICAL: Tr. Tsentr. in-ta prognozov, 1957, Nr 49, pp 250-263 ABSTRACT: Bibliographic entry 1. Atmosphere--Motion 2. Oceans--Th6rmal effects 3. Eartb--Thermal effects 4. Glimatic factors--Asia Card 1/1 Problems in Long-range Forecastin4 Leninoad 361 rjidrozWIteojzdat, 1957. Zverev. N.I. Influence of Ocean and Land Temperazure-67n- .-A-Fmospheric Circulation During the Warm Season iri the Far E~st 250 The author analyzes the influence of thermal.,inonuniformity of,the surface layer on the atmospheric circulati6n and ,discusses some implications from'observation'results pertinent to weather forecasting. The author defines nonuniformity as the phenomenon of the accmulation of heat in the surface layer and the unequal distribution of this heat In latitudinal and meridional directions. The article consists of two chapters. One~examines the formation of temperature contrasts between ocean and land and the other examines the question of period- laity, 1. 0 the-exiBtence of definite natural temperature interval; from 6 to 12 days), and the c6nneetion of ouch periods with temperatures of the near-surface air layer. The subject of temperature variation was studied by personnel of the long-term forecast division of the Far Eastern Scientific Researc4,Institute of Hydrometeorology (DV IfIGMI),The'Inatitute Card 8/10 problems in Long-range Forecasting 361 compiled daily temperature maps for sea and imid in:1934-38. In addition, the author availed himself of the idaterAal collected in the archives of the Central.Institute of Fore- casts (TSIP). There are i2 maps, 6 tables, and 8 S oviet references. Byalynitskaya, V.G., and Ped', D.A. Formation of Night Frosts~ in Mraine 264 The authors place night frosts in Ukraine into the;category of those that are'dangerous, i.e., capable of ':damaging cropd. This type of frosts is common both in autumn and in spring..:~ but the authors analyze only the occurenbe of,frosts in May. Crimea is included in this study. Tabular material includes statistics of occurrence and duration of frosts. The article analyzes the thermobaric field during the occurrence of frosts and. compares it with the field when'frost is 'absent. Pertinent: Card 9110 Problems in Long-range Forecasting 361 indices are deduced and data given on how to forecast the onset of frosts one to two days in advance. There,:are 13 tables in the text and 2 in the appendix,, 8 ma s, 2drawings P and 16 references, of which 14 are Soviet and 2 are' English. AVAILABLE: Library of Congress HM /kav 8-12-58 Card 10/10 7; TI 4!4 I I'l Iq aIFlril V~11 ZVEREV-9 N. FRI DO Iq -7: 1:- F, 11!T; ji-~,:Tjpj 111jr 1.1 W fit !,?t itll~ 11:1111, f. 9151A i!jl 11 ----------- ............. all pul Wif 11 3(7) SO'[/50-59-5-20/22 AUTHOR: Zverev, N. 1. TITLE; Final Meeting of the Scientific CoUncil:of the Contral.1natituto of Prognosis (Itogovaya sessiya Uchenogo sovata Teentrallnogo instituta prognozov) PERIODICAL: Meteorologiya i gidrologiya, 1959, Nr 5; pp 61 62 (USSR); ABSTRACT: On January 12-20, 1959' a meeting of the Scientific Council took place at the Tsentrallayy institut prognozov (central'Inatitate of Prognosis). It was dedicated to the:finafresults in the ful- filment of the plan for scientific research: work- 3 reports were delivered in the Agrometeorological Seciion,of the Scientific Council. L. A. Razumova and S. B. Mastinskaya put forward,the results of the three-year experimental,work at which'the formation of ground humidity'reserves an& the correlation between the state of the ',~summer wheat and corn and the~yiatorlsupply in the newly won land (the steppe areas of the Kulunda Steppe and of northern Kazakhstan) were investigated. S. B. MastiAshays., N.I* h. Meshcha- ninova, Yu. S. Mellnik, ff. A. Baybayeva et al participated Card 114 directly in the working out of this subject. Co-workers of the Final Meeting of the Scientific Council of the Central 8OV/56-59-5.:20/22 institute of Prognosis following organizations took part in the investigations: Kazakhskiy nauchno-issledovateliskiy gidrometoorologicheskiy institut (Kazakh Hydrometeorological Scientific Rsaearch In- stitute), Novosibirskiy biologiolieskiy.inatitut (Novosibirsk 'Biological Institute), Kazakhskiy institut im. Villyamf3a (Kazakh Institute imeni Viltyams), Kazakhekiy institut zernovogo khoz- yaystva (Kazakh Institute of:Grain Econo ), as well,' as::the MY co-workers of the agrometeorological titations. B. P.Iono~larev spoke on the evaluation of agrometeorological conditions for the grow th )f surnmer wheat in tile area,2of the RSr-SR- 7;repprts were delivered in the Hydrological Section of tile scientific Council. The most important results mere obtained by~ V. D. Komarov, A. 11. Vazhnov, and A. I. Karakasho V. N. Par4hin and Ye. G. Popov worked out a new method for bhe evaluation of hydrological forecasts. A. I. Afanaa2yev presented conclusions on the features of the decay of the snow cover on the bas*is of an interpretation of aerial photographs during thd melting of snow. 7 reports were delivered in the Meteorological Section. Card 2/4 F. I. Monakhov put forward the result-s,of experimental inveatiga- "~o to, 6 4'o TO-90'- - -,I I I ol~ 10,fles -fit the j:or I of 1 al V'- "~s ,ISO ~e0l)~o 0 -reotl 0 111at;-0 ~11-06 - -r 10, tal:r, 00V Eo t1le y.0 of ,teTM .160 0 S tvLe Nil 0t 0~ 6 5010 Otho pi e -eel 0 IrDs 'D~ -110TY -f T (I OT009 No joll 0.tjje Vgae ,G-107aS ioT I %o 6 -b- -0,s qle 0- T tue CI- a J~v 9 j.-ro 11 fee,). tao 01 -PoTt ov~ tyke CeV6 -reS 0j 0 tne ae So -re-go 9,vo e 11 r ~,t.0 & Te'v ..ro& 10,00 eT i'11 Use '3'-t e 6,1,xoq ' 0a 0 sef~l -f ee. -PT 0 teop OStS 01 r.,Yfilag .1 8-e -.,Ice ,,-reO -o-11 ..V0 evIV, T- -,te- -q '149 e . e OE -re,p 0 OTO 'ill, ~0-r OT e * fl te 01,0 G D.0 A6"~ 0.13 V- eteO-r - 19. ,Z.01 MOTO. T 0 o"Je Oc~ a 10 a .. 0 &evo- 0~ ~o-r NT -r- 0,1110 e o-qe -Do- os'ets tot voo-pe 0t. '12, - vty~e 00. i'vDel3i- iv 4"3,t yo-reGO'S tva'3 9XILts 00.9tso tyLOT~-tl tAO 0 t ~je Ge . To -re , -f, Of fo SA. , Te. u ites taer '.. jovl%~g, It so V~aas o1a t*VLO .60. -, -~OL lf~ b., 'too a -a0 rxhl~ 01 tae -Dw It W1 t, 07,-ju-st, V4 'h . res -as 11 0 etcoSl f,la-to"' e) 4 Y-0'7 -q9- t'r~o _Ue., e Se the j,lu - -Do I el Of .7~_~VF_RFW, M,1' 3(7) PHASE I LOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/,)249 Moscow. Tsentrallnyy InstiLut prognozov Voprosy do, go erochnykh prognozov pogody (Problems In Long-Rnnge Weather Fore- castina) MOBQOWI Gldrometeolzdat (otd.), 1959. 62 p. (Seriest lint Trudy, vyp. 85) Errata slip Inserted. 900 copies printed. Sponsoring Agency: USSR, Sovet ministrov. Glavnoye upravlonlye g1dro- meteorologichaskoy sluzhby. Ed. (Title pape): G. I. Morskly; Ed. (Inside book); L. V. BlInDikov;:Tech. Ed.: T. Ye. Zemtsova, PURPOSE: This issue of the Institute's Transactions~is intended for scientific research and field workers in meteorology as well as for advanced students in schools of higher education. COVERAGE: This is a collection of three articles in oynoptic and Ceneral meteorology Two of the articles deal with problems concerning the general circulation of the atmosphere while the third discusses the matter of forecasting mean 7-day pres- sure maps. Referencesaccompan-,r each article. Card 113 =map Problems in Long-Range (Cont.) SOII/324-9' TABLE.07 CONTENTS: Rayev, 1. K. On the Theory or the.Ge6eral Cir,culatioln ofithe Atmosphire The author attempts aitheoretical description of.the general circulation In the most general statement ofthe problem, This,entailso first of,'aallp the consideration of nonlinear and viscoalty membersi'tin difforentlal !3quations, and also the consideration at the nonadiabatic'ef'f'ect a yhich. play ;L bapic role in the general circulation of,the,atmosphere,. This,work dIfFPr6,-. from others on the problem . insofar L as the author pays , atria ter attention to ~ the dependence of the thermal properties of the underlying surface onieographic coo~.dinates. Computations are introduced to show that tem7jerature,ln time and"space as well as all elements of motion may be determined when~thep'initlial distribution of meteorological elementa and the heat influx from the S~n,as a function of tIme,are known. There are 4 referencest 3 Soviet and 1~English, 3 Zverev, N. I. Forecasting a Mean AT 500 Seven-day,Chart ___Ti_nce most extended forecasts do,not deal with weather conditions to be ex- pected in the week immediately following the date'of chart compilation the author presents a statistical method of compiling mean 7-day chaAs. 'The author works on the basic premise that the development or synoptielprocesses in the future Is completely determined by the history of synoptic processes over a given roglon. Thore are 7 raferences: 4 Ooviet find 3 English. 27 Card 2/3. fj :~ 7 7:~T 1. TIfi:I FI !i VT .111, !ZT,42 "'1., 111 11 11 1111 U-1r.1.11 HIM. Mill ill 9 1. 1 1 '3/10/62/900/007/i09/149 D228/D307 AUTHORS: Vasyukov, K. N.,, 4verev N. I. and Ped', D. A. TITLE: Using the:principle*of analogoul'ness~when for6ca6ting synoptic prccesses and the weather for five dd a PERIODICAL: Refera"--'vnyy, zhurnal, Geofizikat- no,,7, 191629,1 48 9ab__' stract*7B257':(Tr. Tsentr. in-ta;'Tprogrk6zov, no.,:116, 1962,. 13-23) TEXT: The N-500 values for a.standard grid'of points, located ev- ery 40 of latitude and 120:of longitudo on tho territory ounded by 360W, 840E, 760N, and 360Wt were taken from tbe'averageTmaps for natural synoptic processes (NSP) in Janu~ry and Februgtr~y,::1938- 1955. After this the.eigns-of the,geopotenti~l differences, re'.spec- tively characterizing the zonal and the meridional.flow co'Mpon ents were determined for meridionally and latitudinally neighboring V/ points. Th 'e values +1, 0, and -1 were reepectivelY ascribed to positive, zero and negative differences. The resulting magnitudes --of the rAeridional and the zonal wind~components for all NSP were Card 1/ 4 7i 8/169/62/000/007/109:/49 Using the principle ... D228/D307 printed on tape, The analogs of the N-500 averages for the para'- meters P,,and , characterizing the similarity offields withre- PA. spect-to their--ciroula-tional.--features-, were selected for the first 20 maps by means of the electronic computer "Pagoda". The valu6ifj of P(P (111d P,~.waro ouloulatud from tho f ormulad t n n nA - + n + n P/L n + n + k+ where no+, n. n n is the number of cases when the signs of the meridional (n and the zonal (nA) flo on w camp ents in two-com- 1P parable N-500 fields of NSP do, or do not, coincide. The comparison of all NSP with the-briginal 20 allowed the distribution of,the de- gree of analogy for the fields of2the 500-mbAurfaPe's January,geo- -potential to be obtained from-the parameters of a 'and a It aloo Card 2/4 S/169/62/000/007/109/149 . Using the principle D228/D307 allowed the natural frequency of analogous processes to be;ex osed p separately according to the development of the meridional and.the zonal air-flow components. Utilizing the criterion p all processes can be dividod according to their,dogroe of finalo~gy t 0throd ca- tOgOriOG: '010 atlftlog > 0-4), the non-analog -0.3, 40-4), and the reverse analog (p A-0-3)-.Utilizing ~the criterion-p too, we will obtain the analog P ,';~0.8, the non-analoglp,, = 0.2-.+ 0.6, cihd the reverse analog /4 0'2. The criteria.~are,established with a 10% guaranty. In practical work, when classifying all processes into three categories, the degree of guaranty sho.~-'ld be established jointly according toboth criteria for the analog p,>,,0.4,and PA.`~_ 0.6, the.non-analog -.0.3 4prp 1, 0.4 and 0.2-~ p/t /_ 0.6, and the re- verse analog -p f,0.3 and p ~.O.2. Average estima'-tes are given for ogousneL the anal of subsequent pairs of NSP'in relation to the de- of'analogy of.the original pairs of NSP~with'respect:to P(P Card.3/4 -- - ---------- S/16'9/62/000/007/lb9/149 Using the principle.... D228/D30il and + As the geometric likeness increases, the', analo PA -ousnese iii the development of atmospheric processes in subf3equeni, NSP grows generally,.But in a number- of examples it is shown, too, that the factor ok geometric analogy, though it.ie of great~signi- ficance in estabi'lishing the analogousnooo Of~ ~,LtMOE.PherjO PI'0000- son, does not always givo pracLically valuabI6 pointers -to the fu- ture development of processes. In some cases originally similar processes subsequently change int6 non-analoSs. Using modern com- puters it is possible by means of the analogy.!parameters of p rp and + o -to take into account objoctiVely the develop- PA P P ment history op atmospheric processesi to solve pr'oblems cor-nec- ted with the choice of analogs, and so.forth,;which is necessary in order to forecae't thip weather for 3 7 days. Abstracter's note; Complete trahslation.-7 Card 4/4 S/169/62/000/007/110/149,: D228/D307 AUTHORS: Vaoyukov, K. N.j Zverevt Ne Is an&Ped").D. A. ------------------ TITLE: Application of-empirical functions~'of influence ford forecasting mean monthly air tempe:~ature anomalies PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal Geofitika, no'. 7,1962, 48-49, - abstract 7B258 (Tr. Tsentr. in-ta prognozov, no. 116, 1962, 24-33) iEXT: Particular synchronous and a,synchronous:(.December-january, June-July) factors of correlation between the Moscow air tempera- ture and the temperature.(pressure) at a number.of points were de- termined for January and July in order to investigate the intluen- ce of centers of atmospheric action (CAA) on the formation of mean monthly air temperature anomalies in the USSR's Eur .opean territory and in order to derive possible prognostic relations (by prepar- ing the equation of multiple regreasion).-These points Were,chosen for the characteristic of the intensity of CAA. and~Were located.'aB followd: Ponta Delgada (Azores)) Honolulu (Hawaiian Islands), Be- Card 1/4 S/169/6~2/000/007/110/149 Application of empirical D228/D3,07 ruferdur (Iceland), Irkutsk, Tashkent, and Petropavlovsk na Kam- chatka. The correlative connections between the~eleqonts under con- i sideration (all instances of air temperature and pre0sure anoma- lies over 50 years were taken into account) are small. The highest stability (for synchronous relations) is observed between thead- vection of the Azores anticyclone and-the mean monthly temperature anomaly at Moscow. The relations obtained appear more distinctly, in ca5es of greater temperature oi~ pressure d-eviations at CAA, se~- lected from all the 50-year data. Magnitudes are given for synchro- nous and asynchrono'us-fela~tiond betWben'the mean monthly air'tem- perature anomalies at Moscow and the CAA, and between the mean monthly air temperature anomalies at Moscow and~the mean monthly pressure anomalies at the CAA; values are citedF too, for the,syfl- chronous relations of the mean monthly Moscow air-temperature ano- malies to the pressure anomaly differences between the main CAA.~ allowance is made' for the state at two CAA,,the:asyfLchronous relations between the mean monthly air temperature anomalies at Moscow and the pressure at the CAA are somewhat better than if --Just one CAA is taken into accounts Allowance is mad.e for the aim- Card 2/4 Application ofempirical D2289/62/000/007/110/149 /D307 ultaneous influence of all CAA'by means of empirical functions of influence. The problem is simplified'b finding the-asynchronous relations (with a month's displacemenZ between the state of.some CAA, expressed by fluctuations in the mean monthly.air temperature anomaly at Ponta Delgada, Beruferdur, Honolulu, Irkutsk, and Tash- kent, and the mean monthly air temperature anomaly on the,USSR's European territory according to the data of 11 stations for 1900- 10.40 (Arkhangellsk, Leningrad, Syktyvkar, Rig'a Moscow Yelabuga, 0renburg, Zemetchino, Volgograd,*Rostov-on-Don: Odessa~. Allowance for the influence of CAA on the temperature conditions of:the USSR's European territory was made by dividing all the original da- ta into warm (April -September) and cold (October-11arch) periods, whose empirical functions of influence were,deter 'mined separately. Coefficients of the empirical functions of influelice are cited for each of the 11 points on the USSR's Buropeanterritory; they were obtained on the grounds of the data's climat~ic processing. The values of,the mean monthly air temperature anomaly (At) predic- table for each point and month are calculated from the multiple .+d + , ---regress*ion equation t d 16t + 0( At + c~ *At I At X At 0 0. 1 1 2 2. 3 3 4 4 Card 3/4 5/169/62/000/007/110/149* ~~Application of empirical ... D226/D- ,507 Here c~ are the respective' coefficients of the em- o (_X1 f 0(21 G(3, c-~4 pirl-cal functions of influence~for a given station on the USSR's European territory and for the stations of each of the four.CAA': the Azores and Honolulu highs, the'Iceland lo%.r / Abs.tracter's ... note: It is assumed that Inelandskoy', should reid lislandsko~' 7, the Siberian high for the cold season, and the~Mid-Asiatic low-for the warm season. Atof Lt 16t are the respective mean 111~t2l AtP 4 monthly air temperature-anomalies at the same.~points for the pro- ceding month. 18 out.of 22 of the forecasts f 'or the mean monthly air tempera 'ture anomaly were proved to be correct. 23 references. Abstracter's note: Complete translation. Card 4/4 :''s/169/62/000/007/111/149 D228/J)507 AUTHOR: Zverev, N. I. TITLE: Forecasting the baric height field's,evolutioh during 3 7 days PERIODICAL: Referativnyy'-zhurnalp Geofizikaot no-:7, 1962p; 4 9 ~i ab-* stract 7B259 (Tr. Tsentr. in-ta:prognozovt no, 11:6# 1962, 34-40 TF_XT: The author suggests a complex way of. forecasting th6l.evolu- tion of the baria~ height field at the mean :troposphere level for 3 - 7 days. The method contains the clements.of theoretica 1and synoptic-statistical trends, from which ways of numerically fore- casting the baric field for ave'rage periods are being currently' developed. In accordance with G. I. Morski 1,s theoretical model (Tr. Tsentr. in-ta prognozov, no. 49, 19M themain equation is recorded in the form: Card 1/3 Porecastint, the baric D228/D307 P M H 6H 6H + +'(X +a AH +0( (HAH) FS (X, yl t).' 1 Tt_ 2 rx 3 4 where H is the value of the N-500 geopotential; AA6 the Laplacian X11 sign; c,(, ,r42 F C'k3 P 0(4 are constants; and y, is, the arbi- trary function, allowing the factors not Laken' into account in the equation to be estimated statisticall Thie:;equation is linearized relative to a certain function R(x, Y~," whicli may in a particular case be considered as the field Of the N-5061values of a natural synoptic period. The solution is made in the"~formof an analysis With respect to Chebyshev's polynomials recorded in the form.of a graded series, when H(x, y) is taken oniy in Ia firat approximation ,as a second degree polynomial. Certain coefficients confronting different degrees of.X and y were determined.:Coefficients with younger degrees of x and y include time in a higher degre.e,than those with older degrees, This testifieErin,~part_~cular that the in- fluence of the indices of zonal and meridional t~.anafer f;rows,as Card 2/3 ism S/16 62/000/007/111/149 Forecasting the baric D228YD307 tile interval from the original day increases, and that the influence -of indices, characterizing the development of Bifialler-scale dis- turbances, diminishes. The method allows the baric field's evolu" tion throughout a natural synoptic period to be,calclulated ori.the basis of average AT-500 charts for the period"s tendency, i.e it enables.a natural synoptic period's peculiarities to'be taken into'. account. /-Abatracter'.9 note., Complete translation*-7 Card 3/3 ~S/i ~6q/62/000/~007/1~12/1 4~q- 8/169/62/000/007/112/149 M28/X'07 AUTHORS: Duytseva, Mc A. and TITLE: Possibility of applying L. Kletterl,s method of fore- casting.charts of the mean three-'day U-850 values PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Geofizika):no.:7, 1962, 49,.ab- stract 7B260 (Tr. Tsentr. in-ta,prognozov, no*-1160 1962, 65-66) TEXT: The methods suggested by.L. Kletter (Praktische Erf.ahrungen mit einer neuen Methode.zur Ausarbeitung mittelfristigerl'iette'r- -prognosen, Arch. Ileteorol., Geophys. und Bioklialiatol. A,,1956, Bd.- 91 H 2), was verified in,conformity with the citculation conditions over the USSR's European territory. L. Kletterls method is based-on the use of the linear regression equationj~relating the mean three- day N-850 values to the values at 18 hrs on the initial day. For the USSR's European part the regression coefficients were deter- mined by the method of least squares from"the daily AT-850 charts -for Mosebwy Leningra.d, Kiev, and Sverdlovsk for January.and July, 'lard 1/2 S/169/62/000/007/1121/14.9 Possibility of applying D228/D307 1950-1952. Out of 27 forecasts 15 proved to be correct in the -Aynamics of~ other 12 being incorrect. The:method does not give the the development.of,pro.cesses.-.The reason for the"low'justifiable- ness of the forecasts evidently consists.of the fact that no ad- .equate allowance is made for the regression equationlB freo term. Abstracter's notet Complete tranalation.-7 10ard 2/2 ........................ VASYUKOVP K.A., kand. fiz.-matem. nauki ZVMEV.,_Njt,,,.kand. fiz.-matem nauk; PEDI, D.A., kand. geograf;-nauk Rhythms in the atmosphere and some methods of evaluating them.. Meteor. i gidrol. no.lt47-49 A 165. (MIRA 180) 1. TSentrallnyy institut prognozov. L 10 406-67 ACC NRt AT6033032 where (D is the scalar potential of the magnetic field; Ho 16~ the magnitude 'of the :Longitudinal field; H is the amplitude of th p-th harmonlc~~of the helical fleld- r, q) # zare coordinates. - Mere follows a ma(Zhematical development for the case Of a holical field with n - 2. The article gives detailed mechanical drawings of:i evetal of the main features of the equipment used, Including a-cross section viaw of7the- apparatus, details of the helical winding, and a bIbck diagr4a of the feeding! system., A further figure shows an oscillogram of the current flowing'through the winding* Ihe experimental data confirm the validity of the appiroaah to the probleme "In conclusion the authors express their sincerG thanks to M. S. Rabing-vIch for h1s: continaing interest in the work and for his helpful iis'e, ~80;~t'as ~W as U) rG4 P. AlekSM&OVI V. 1. Dudin, V. I. Kryykavo and Ve P. Solov'm who took part in Uwaonstruation oif the equipment,' and to G. L (b I kin& uho: took part In ths coAS'tmotJj*., *,f the system*" Orige art. hast'~S formulas. 7 fiq%4vs, and 1~ table SM CM38 '-20/ SUM DMs' none/ OkM~,RWs 014/`~ ='Dws'! 003 /241p 2 BATANOV, G.M.; BEPS7UTSKIY, M.S.; GREBE, NSHCHIKOV, SJe.; POPRYADUKHIN, A.P.; RABINOVICH, M.S.; SBITNIKOVA, I.S.; SHPIGELI,, I.S. Magnetic surfaceB and the confinement of a.plasma by helical'fields in a stellarator with external injection. DoU. AN SSSR 16o n&.6...' 1293-1295 F 165. (MIRA 18:2) Submitted September 23, 1964. S/08.1/61/0(iO/023/058/66i B106/tloi AUTHORS, Reznikovskiy, M.M.t verev, N-P., Denisolia, L.L. TITLE: An improved chamber for laboratory test6,"Io~f tlje~ozonc resistance of rubbers PERIODICAL: Re'-~rativnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no. 23,. 1961,*561, abstract 'P 2 3 354. (Tr. N.-i. in-ta shin. prom-util.eb. 7y' 1960t I TEXT: An installation guaranteeing satisfactory accuracy and,reproducibility of measurements even at nonuniform 0 distribution in the.werking chamber is 3 described. In order to exclude fluctuations in the 0 concentration, the 3 case containing the samples revolves at a rate of 2 rbm'.1 The contactless transmission of torque from the Warren motor is attained by means of &,nlag7 netic clu$ch. CAbstracter's note: Complete translations Card 1/1 AUTHOR: Zverev, B.S., Engineer SOV/133-58-.10-26/31 TITLE: On t-he-T-r-0b-1-em--"'of Production of Deep.~Dirawlng Sheets for the Manufacture of Automobile Bodies~:(K voprosam proiz- vodstva avtolista dlya glubokoy vjty4zhki)i nRIODICAL: Stal 1958, rNr 10 $ p 9,48 (USSR) ABSTRACT:* The paper contains critical remarks:dn the: previously published paper'by G.D. Rogoza (Refs;J an!i 2) in which the validity of Eriksen's test for deep drawi'Ag sheets wag questioned. The present author considers that in,order to supply quality sheets, the metal should be.extensively tested on the producing works. T:iere are 3 Soviet. references. ASSOCIATION: Gorlkovskiy avtomobillnyy zavod (Gol".1cly Automobile, Card 1/1 AUTHOR; TITLE: PERIODICALt ABSTRAM Card 1/2 Zverev, U.S. Tests of Imported and Domestic Cold-Rolle-1 Plate for' Auto- mobile Bodies (Ispytoniya impoitnogo1i 0t,30heJtvenn6_o A*vto- kuzovnogo kholodnokatanogo lista) Avtombillnaya promystilennoet', 1958,11ir 9, PP 38-40 (USSR) The Gorlkiy Notor Vehicle Plant, an&also sevoral tber Sovi e t automobile plants, satisfied part of its ,.requirement's for cold-rolled plate for car productioinl!by ii6ports. Especially the Gorlkiy plant obtained cold-rolled stoiel plate from;ithe USA, England, West Germany and Francb. In order to compare the chemical analysis, mechanical properties and prelssing results of the imported steel plate and that produced by the zavod "Zaporozhatall" (Zaporozhstal1jil Plant)'o tests of both kinds were carried out. The test ra6ulta are preso,ntjcd.on 4 tables: The percentalge in the Plate of carbonp manganese and sulphur (Table 1); yield point,~olongation, relation between the yield point and the ultimate istrength at rupture, hardness RB, extension by Erichsen c4ppinjr best in mm, grain size in ball-marks, waste at punchinG (Table 2), the same data for the angular body panels of the 111-lobedall car (Table 3) and stamping results for other parts (Tab:.e 4). The author SOV-113-58-9-15/19 Tests of Imported and Domestic Cold-Rolled Platelpr Automobile Bodies evaluates these results and strongly.recommends their con- sideration. in the e3tablishment of relevant GOST standard3 for the motor vehicle plants. There are 4 tables and 3 Soviet references., ASSOCIATION: Gorlkovskiy avtozavod (The Gorlkiy Motor 'Vehicle Plant). 1. Automobile industry--USSR .2. Metal plati..,s--Effectiveness Card 2/2 he It 11 Ifw it 46 it III it a it i, I A I A-r_ A- 9 A I T T.: AA 0 to i. Ar-Ot- so INTLITrNICE OF I REF FM11M. On IttItACT r-IRMIGTH. !-is 14qtft11pxrO14. 14. 1 5-102(193h) (in Russian) 1 1-01 AtItX'sat 16 .00 Allove 6, 508. L( rif v inomet strength absorved in pr"asvi.V, parto nM* steel contz- c 0-31 --0.39, tin 0-33-0-46- Si 0-21-0-34 ~nd Cr 0, 1. 1 ZIA a was due to the Drei ence of free forrlte either ' 'lowly V(w Ft-laininig it in .41%. C.. C.. -too IVA ;so so LIt 4 44 1is 0 t w I I'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a so 0 0 0, 0 0 0_4 0 0 0. 0~6 04 s. 0 0 0 OrS (Kazakhstan--goonomic conditions) v- R a I1 6 . BUCHii&, Boris Aleksayevich; DOWOPYATOV, Yu.A., red. -, ZVEW. N.V., speteredaktor; NAGIM, P.A., tokha.red. (Kazakhstan is a republic of large-scAle state,farm production] Kazakhstan-reBpublika krupnogo sovkho2nogo proirvodotva. Alma-Ata, Y,azakhakoe gos.isd-vo, 1956. 129 p. (MIRA 10: 12) (Kazakhstan--State farms) HEM, Ni. MATSKEVICH, Oleg VasilOyovichl ERE& "7UKHODIKO, S. red. (Kazakhstan, the country of eagle's wings]kazakbstan - strana, orlinykh kryllyev. Alm-Atap"Kazaklistan", 1965. 172 p. (MUk M12) MIKHAUZY, A.A., otv.red.; red.; mixoTswo ?.a,, red,'; KASVICH, A.G., X.R.o red,; BOBCW* V.V., red.; SUBBOTIN, X.Y., redo; SAKSOMMKO, L.V.#.red.; TMUKINA, X.Ap, takhn.red, [Astronomy in the U.S.S.R. during forty yearo 1917-1957; collected articles] Astronomiia v S$U sik vorok let, 1917-19,571 sbornik statei. Rsd.koll6giis: A.A.gikhoiloy i ar. Moskvii, Oos.izd_Vo fiziko-matem.lit-ry, 1960. 728 P. (MIRA 13:7) (Astronomy--History) ZVEM N.I. kandidat tekhniches~lkh nmik e- -6=alculation of the auction flue of baffle-type flyI-ash col- lectors. Toploonergetiks. 2 no.5:44it9 MY '5,5. (KWA 81:9) 1. Vessoyusnyy teplotekhnicheskly institut (Dust collectors) R SV) AID.P Subject USSR/Electricity Card 1/1 Pub. 110-a - 9/17 Author~ Zver~~~I., Kand. of Tech. Sci., Title Computing the outlet pipe of a screen-t,~pe ash ca'tch6r .Periodical Teploenergetika, 5, 44-49, My:1 955 Abstract A mathematical analysis for designing a pareen-6 e,~ ash Wi YP catcher eqiiipped with an ejector:j.'s pr6sented th iables, curves and equations. Five diagrams. Institution All-Union Heat,Technology' Inatituie Submitted No date AUTHOR: Zverev N*I* Candidate of Technioal SciQnces* TITIS: Modelling the motion of poly-dispex&~K/Rls- (Modelirovani-i dvizheniya li.) polidisper6n OY py FSRIODICAL: No "TeploeneMetikall (Thermal Power) 1957 Vol-41 -7, . : pp. 35 - 38 (U-S-S.R.5 ABSTRACT: Ia a previous article Ithe author showed that thexe are five criteria that characterisG the steady*otion of dusty gas or liquid. Two of:these.'eriteriajina lude the diameter of a dust particle., Conseqaently:th6se criteria are only applicable to mono-disperse dusts (that is dust consisting of particles of one size:on].yl In practice we have to deal almost eiclusively"with poly-disperse dusts, that is dus,ts,consisting of part- icles of many sizes. At low dust boncentrations when the motions of different fractions do,not inte.radt on one another modelling may be effected by sub-dividing the poly-disperse dust into,a number of narrow fract-ions and using corresponding fractions in the card 1/4 model. However, this pxocedure,As very laborious and is quite inapplicable at high cLoncentrations, Neither is it permissible to introduce some sort of means Modelling the motion of poly-disp.erse d4sts. (Cont.) 96-7-7/25 diameter into the criteria since in order 'V-O choose the diameter correctly it is necessary to know in advance the function that it is required to find* All this severly limits the possibilities of mode- lling for the study of industrial equipment and* there- fore, it is necessary to find additional conditions of similarity of motion of poly-diroperse dusts. , ;, The similarity of motion of tNo dust flows is then considered. During the course of the examinevion.*the dimensions of the dust particles.are .expressed,as,~a ratio of a dimension which is characteristic for the given dust so that the diameter of the particle is expressed by a dimensionless number. It is then Shom that in two systems with identical criteria consisting of characteristic dimensions all the:dust particles with identical dimensionless diameters have certain criteria in common. As a result of the eyamination additional criteria are in effect introduced'forl.poly- Card 2/4 disperse dust. In order to ensure cauplete similarity all five main critoria should be the same for both model and Modelling the motion of poly-dispe dusts. (Cont.) .T;I-T-T/25 specimen. This is often difficult,i'and-sometimes imp- ossible to achieve. It is therefore desirable to cut down the number of criteria and the various waysAa which this can be done are considered. It is shoun that simplification is possible when the range of concen- tration is from 0,05 to 0.1 kS/kgj'orAf t.4e force of gravity is negligible compared with the inertia forces. This latter point can be cleared up by using the test equipment in different positions, for oxample, if its performance does not change when it is. inverted, grav- ity may be igaoredo- It is shown that when modelling on the basis of three criteria the gaaspeed, dispem- ness and density of dust in the model are fally defined and cannot be selected arbitrarily, Therefore, this is the most difficult case of modelling. When modelling by two criteria two scales,are fixed and one is arbi- trary. Still further simplifications,are sometimes possible. Card 3/4 When the necessary scales have:been found the nece- ssary dust density is determined, then the best avail- able material is chosen, and then if the density is Modelling the motion of poly-disperse dusts. (Cont.) 96-7-.7/25 not qIlite of the value required the remaining scales are altered somewhat. -The various: I degrees of fineness required in the model dust are calculated and the. material is milled in a laboratory mill. Sieve anal- yses are made during the course of 'milling until-most of the dust is. of the required composition. If the dust contains an excess of fines or coarse particles these are removed by appropriate sieves. A quatity*of 100 - 200 grams of dust is usually necessary for tests on laboratory models and the quantity of dust required for a complete series of tests does not exceed 2 3 kg., In practice it is not difficult to produce such a quantity of dust of a required composition and in any case it is easier than preparing a larger quantity of close fractions. card 4/4 There are 4, figures and 2 references, 1 of which is Slavic. ASSOCIATION: All-Union Thermo-technical Institute (VTI) AVAILABIL, -7 /V ' V.I. (zagineer) & Zverevo N.I. (Cand-Te ch.sci.) AUTHOR: igaat Yev, U I TITLE: The flow of dusty gas round a cylinder (Obtekaniye tsilindra zapylennym gazom.) PERIODICAL: 1958 No.3. Toploonergetika pp. 30-40! (USSR) , , . ABSTRACT: There are muny processes in which dusty gas flows round a c:ylinder. , Of the total number of particulea that pass through a cros4-sectional area equal to that of the cylindor, but a considerable dist ancd in . , advance of it, only a proportion roach tho surfaca of the.oylinder and the remainder pass by. The ratio of those that touch the - cylinder to the total number -jas determined in this work for various conditions and the distribution of the dust oven the surface of the cylinder was studied. The experimental device consiated of a vertical, channel of 500 x 50 ima section. The tes-Voyliudor was located'at the centre of the section, parallol to thl short side, at~a distance of 45 hydraulic diameters from the inlet., Flow was always turbulent at the position of the cylinder. Arrangements were made to ensure that the conditions of air flow over the cylinder approximated~to those in a boundless flow. The other experimental conditions are described. The tests were carried out with friketions of milled anthracite and metal dust (an alloy of chremi= and iron) with' specific gravities of 1.055 find 7.3 -ram/cm'- respectively.. ,The fractions were prepared in air separators, Tile procedureof Card 1/4 preparation is described. The characteriatico.of the fractions in The f low of dusty gas round a cylinder. 0/2 respect of the velocity at which they fly i1pich-7W specdf Md hydraulic diameter (the diameter of a Bphero with~ isame density und pick-up speed) are tabulated. Dust for the''Aasts was poured'into a tube and blown into the collector by a strong yet of air from a needle valve. It was shown by special tests that with Qis method of . delivery the suspension broke up into individual~_Just particles,; uniformly distributed over the working section. In order to determine the proportion of (lust trapped on the cylinder ULO cylinder, iras wrapped round with it ring of cinefilm, 10 mti~~ivide smeared with petrolatum, wtUch trapped all. the dust particles .+,hat touched it. The film was then compared with a transparent scale under a microscope. Various experimental procedures were used ;md are described. Hine series of tests were made with dowmward flow, anthracite dust being used in Nos.1 - 7, and metal dust in Nos. 8 & 0. Speeds of around 2, 4, 12 & 16 m1sec were used with cylinderu of 12, 25 & 50 mm. diameter. In each series ofAests the finest fraations were used first followed by the coarser. The tes-ts were mado at rocm temperature and pressure. 11ohen Reynolds number for the particles is less than 0.1 the resistance to the medium acting' on the particles is given by the Stokes' formula, and the St criterion defines the motion. Card Mien Reynolds number for the particles is greater than 0.1 Stokes' 9//A formula is inapplicable and motion is not uniquely governed by the The flow of dusty gas round a cylinder. 96-3-10/26 St criterion. 1-kevious authors have given the proportion trappeil as tj a unique fraction of St,asually there was,,a considerable scatter of points and considerable difference between the general relationships obtained by dilteront authors. This~ was probably because in the experiments, Reynolds number was riot low anaugh and instead of a unique relationship between the proportion of particles trapped and St there should have been a family of curves. The authors' test results are given in Pig.l. 11.ie accuracy of the determinations is such that a family of curves can be plotted. Tlien -the particles move in a vertical flow their relative velocity at a distance from the cylind6r is practically equai to the speed of pick-up, but the velocity increases near the cylinder. Iuthe I I majority of tests the Reynolds number was 9'reator than 0.1 even.in the part remote from the cylinder. Therefore, in inast of the tests -the resistance factor according to Stokes' law was not deterTiinod. Then particles move in a vertical flow their trajoctory and:thc~ proportion trapped may also depend on gravitatioilal force. To check this point, trio additional series of tests~were made with anthracite dust and rising air flow at speeds of 2 and NAM/secend. Jn ihese tests the axial components of inertia iuid gravity forces wore opposed sE, that if gravitation was important the proportion trapped,should bo less than in the first series of tests. The ~results of -the tests Card 3/4 given in Fig.2. confirm that this was so. This applies even to the The flow of dusty gas round a cylinder. 00-3-10/26 finest of particles for which the air speed was'far above the pick-up speed. Dimensionlesia curves of tile distribution o4 trapped dust over the cylinder surface are of quite a different character with upward and downward flow as will be~ seen from Fia.3, t4 Therefore, gravity has a marked effect on the process. An additional criterion D is introduced that, together with the criterion St, determines the probability of particles hitting the cylinder with a downward flow of air. Fir ,.6. gives curves of the. distribution of trapped dust on the surface ot the cylinder with a downward flow of air. There are 7 figures, I table and 10 literature references (6 Russian and 4 Eliglish) ASSOCIATION: All-Union MerMo-Teebtlical Institute. (VE30SOVUZnvv Teplo- AvAnaLu: Li .brary of Congress. tekhnicheskiy Institut). C or d 4/4 61 ACCESS IOIN NR. AT404 0568 S/2546/64/1000/135/0063iDo9,Q,v. AUTHOR: Z Werev, N TITLE: Waves I n the atmosphere w SOURCE: Moscow. Tsentrallnrky institut prognozov. Trudrv, no. 135, 1964.. Sinopti,.ostatisticheskiye metodyfr prognozov pogody* (Synoptlc~statistical'methods of weather f e or casting), 63-90 TOPIC TAGS: meteorol f re culation, atmos- ogy, weather o casting, atmospheric cir* pheric wave, periodogram ABSTRACT: On the basis of a review of the extensive' b1b,liography, the authors analyzes the literature dealing with waveprocesses in the atmosphere and, des,'cribes the statistical methods of perlodogram analysis used by :Various authors1dr de- .,,.tecting large-scaie waves. It.is.s-hown that the statistically detect'ed V;aves'can be used for forecasting atmospheric circulation for as much as a month In advance. Particular attention Is given to an analysf~s of pressure and temperature waves with periods of 5 to 7 days, discovered by a great many investigators. Considera-. tion is given to the methods used by various authors who have. found wavei with periods of,12, 17, 25,-11, 13 and 22 days and many'others. in each case: the.';. -author hds attempted to determine whether these waves are real or a mathematical Card 1/2 ACCESSION NR: AT4040568 fiction, how stable they are If real, and whether they can be extrapolated for a Ilong period. it k concluded..that wave processes with periods~of 5-6, 8 and 13- 14 days are stochasv:cally real. Contrary.to certain other investigators, the t author believes that this fact can be.used~for practical"purposo*s and,that the methodology used in earlier attempts was faulty. Three signif,icant forny'llas are a presented which can be used for judging the presence of wave p,rotesses in the at-! mosphere, the most important being a spectral function of the entire process,: it Examples are cited showing how wave processes in cyclonic and 41nticy~lonic acti-, vity at the mean levet of the troposphere can be detected, The only period do- tected simultaneously in both the meridional and zonal air flow components is! T = 14 days. It Is shown, however, that there is no rlgorous,periodicity:in the atmosphere; the periods of 5, 8 and 14 days are approximat Ions. Recommenoot I ons,- are made for prediction of circulation at the mean level of the:troposphere, a)- though only for August,'September and October. only tho5e wavcs which devielop in quasi-stationary pressure systems are of practical value, for the forecaster. Orig. art. has: 93 formulas and 6 tables. ASSOCIATION; Tsentrallny*y ins'titut prognozov (central Institute of Forecasts) SUBMITTED: 00 oAT EACQ: o2ju164 ENCL: 00 car~f 2/2 SUB CODE: 'ES NO REF SOV: 036 :OTHER: 020 77 JA llj~ L__1428q~.66 m :EWT( IJP,4 AGG NR: AT6066666 souRcF, Gobr,-. u4/m , , ~ Ki~i)! AUTHORSi imov. L. 1(.,, (Kiev); KPJR_0D_cjwywl_&J (Kiev); T __Ellsldn. Zverev, 114 Taev); Lazareva. N. H. -ev) Ki ORG.- none -Investigation ot the_effec'ts' of.,soveral: a~toi TITLE,4 tant Alo- 'used-lor' t6r~ifi~ sties of heat resis -,blad' SOURCE: _Vs Ad V_ A ir irua --n.- v;; 5n- -noy (J or- h th 1_kAUipw_oh~ra6t t1jr: L ohq~o_67 K~?J-r( 1) ow -ACC ~NRt AT6_ ~28~,O -~o-il~ci-zd~iF-~-R-i2546/66/000/1531007910089 AUTHOR: 7-verev, N. I* ORG: none TITLE-. Long-range of the intensity of zontill:circ uAation of;the atmos-_ phere SOURCE. 'Moscow. Tsentrallnyy institut pr2Z=~~y. Trudy~ no. 153, 1966..~ Statis;icheskiye metody dolgosrochnoso prosnoza pogody (Stnti6tical methods of long- .,range weather forecasting), 79-89 JOPIC TAGS: long ranaa weatper forecasting, atmospheric current, linear:operator, linear equation .4,DSTRACT: The author examines the possibility of a long-range forecasting of the tensity of zonal circulation on the basis of the theo'ry of~linear extrapolation, ationary sequence, and stationary processes. A linear formula is derived for fare- casting the jrit.e.nsity of zonal circulation which, the author asserts, ii the: best extrapolation formula, since for Gaussian processes the linear operator 'is the beat operator of forecasting. From the investigation it is concluded that long-range forecasting of the intensity of zonal circulation and iarge-scale cLrculation in general can be successful only with consideration of the effect of history on the future development of synoptic processes or even of individual characteristics during the development of macroprocesses. The use of altitud6-variation charts and the Card 112 GW' ACC IRR AT6028447 SOURCE CODEj UR/2546/66/000 X064/066&i~ 7 AUTHOR: Zverev N, L; Kashleva, OR4: nont TITLE: Statistical method of forecasting the.zonal in6x SOURCE: 10scow. Tsentral'nyy instit6t PT ,Trudi, no. 153, 1966. 1&110 _Zuy, StatisticheskiYe metody dolgoorochnogo prognoza pogodyi.i(Statistical methods Pf long-". range weather forecasting), 64-68 i TO IC TAG statistic analysis, long range weather forecasting, atmospheric curre T. p -ore ABST~RRA ~T.The urpose of this investigation was to elicit the possibility of f casting the mean monthly value of the zonal index statistically. In t7oiking out this 6ethod, the authors proceeded from the assumption that'by taking into account the. past history of zonal circulation itlis"posuible to precalculate the value of the zonal index in the future by extrap,3iation. Having found that purely zonaLcircula- tion in its evolution undergoes variati6ns.with periods of 9 and 23 ntonths,tthe authors set up multiple regrission equations for forecasting the zonal,index for a: month with a zero and monthly length:lof time before the forecast phenomenon occurred, The values of the zonal index for past months were calculated as the starting data. The regression equations af or flacreening" the predictors had the form: A5, ) = 011MI-4+ +91141"~+ d4; Card 1/2 + PlAk-21, + PAY44), + (2) ACC NRs AT6028447 Here AI(n + m) are,the forecast values of the devLation of the index from the monthI5 norm; n is the initial number; Ion of'~ the value of the zonal, A I (n - k) is the deviat index (n - k) of the month from the norm of the same th; morl cli, 0i are empirical influence functions-("weights"). These equations werelderived separately~ for'. the cold ~41, and warm halves of the year, which in turn were divided J11to two halves. ~ Equation (1) gives the forecast of the deviations of the mean monthly values of the index from the norm in the.imonth fd1lowing'the initial month, and calculation by Eq~o (2) gives the forecast for the next month, or the forecast'of the~zonal index'vith a 30-day length of time beforeithe forecasting of the phen'olmenon occurs, An anslysis 'of the data showed that the proposed method of extrapolation makes it possible to pre- calculate the intensity of zonal circulation at the mesa level of the troposphere a satisfactory guarantee. Thus; precalculation of the index can be'tieed when.-;.. Utica compiling monthly forecasts by.theore I methods. Orig, art,. has: 5 f rmulas,,uidd~, 1 table and 2 figures. SUB-CODE: 04/ SUBM DATE:Fnone/ ORIG REF: 007 7. kh d 2/2 Car BAGROIIJI N-A,; VL-YIJXO',r, K.A.; "UVEREW, 14.1. FIT Principle of aralop7 and Its use ir pn-etteallvork.. Trudy TSIP. no.132'.41..,47 164. (MIRA 17~!C), IGIMTIYEV, V.I., insh.; ZYMNY, N.I., kandotekhn.nauk laboratory air separator with a boiling layer. Toploanergetika 7 no.2:55-58 P 160. (MIRL 13:3) lo Vseuoyut.nyy teplotekhnicheskiy, institut, (Separators (Machines)) The Storm ~Ifind of 14 November 1952 in the South of' the Eurdnean TerritIo ry of the USSR. Meteorol. i gidrologiya, No 6, 1953, pp 3-71 In the southeastern European part of the USSR from 91D 11,~Nbvember 1952 wind strengths up to 28-34. meters/second were observed. The author discussed the variation of the wind regime during this period. ,For each day be constructs tbe charts of wind velocity.for the ground level and for the altitude 300, 600, and 900 meters above the level of tb6 ground. The storm arose as the result of intense dropping pressure.in thelower kilometer layer, which transferred the momentum from ton to bottom with the simultaneous advection of cold masses from the northeast. 02,Geol, No 5, 1954) ZVXM,N.I., kandidat fisiko-vatematicheskikh nauk ij Meteorological works of.the Russian geophysicist 1. Smirnov. Meteor.i g1drol. no.5:56-57 W '53. (Nm 8:9) 1. Wentrallnyy Institut profsoyusav, Moskva. (Smirnov, Ivan Nikolaevich) Z- VeR Subject Card 1/1 Author Title Periodical Abstract r, 1. AID P - 180 USSR/Meteorology and Hydrology Pub. 71-a 7/26 Zverev, N..I,- on temperature forecasting Met. i gidro.,, no.2,, 28-29, 1955 The article is an attempt to est~$JiA.with equdtio'ns and charts the able played by turbulence in the,woving of warm air.1~7C.*i...table and 2 charts are given. SOVI 1,24-5~;54563 Translation from: Referativnyy zhurna.l, Mekhanika, 1958, Nr 5, p 91 (USSR) AUTHOR: Zverev, N. I. TITLE: On the Influence of the Temperature Field of. the Continent a~nd the Ocean during the Warm Season Upon the.Atmospheri'c Ci'rcula- tion in the Far East (0 vliyani, 'Lemper'aturnogo polya kontinienta i okeana v teploye vremya goda na atm,osferriuyu tsirkulyatsiyu v usloviyakh Dal' nego Vostoka) PERIODICAL: Tr. Tsentr. in-ta prognozov, 1957, Nr 49, pp 250-263 ABSTRACT: Bibliographic entry 1. Atmosphere--Motion 2. Oceans--Th6rmal effects 3. Eartb--Thermal effects 4. Glimatic factors--Asia Card 1/1 Problems in Long-range Forecastin4 Leninoad 361 rjidrozWIteojzdat, 1957. Zverev. N.I. Influence of Ocean and Land Temperazure-67n- .-A-Fmospheric Circulation During the Warm Season iri the Far E~st 250 The author analyzes the influence of thermal.,inonuniformity of,the surface layer on the atmospheric circulati6n and ,discusses some implications from'observation'results pertinent to weather forecasting. The author defines nonuniformity as the phenomenon of the accmulation of heat in the surface layer and the unequal distribution of this heat In latitudinal and meridional directions. The article consists of two chapters. One~examines the formation of temperature contrasts between ocean and land and the other examines the question of period- laity, 1. 0 the-exiBtence of definite natural temperature interval; from 6 to 12 days), and the c6nneetion of ouch periods with temperatures of the near-surface air layer. The subject of temperature variation was studied by personnel of the long-term forecast division of the Far Eastern Scientific Researc4,Institute of Hydrometeorology (DV IfIGMI),The'Inatitute Card 8/10 problems in Long-range Forecasting 361 compiled daily temperature maps for sea and imid in:1934-38. In addition, the author availed himself of the idaterAal collected in the archives of the Central.Institute of Fore- casts (TSIP). There are i2 maps, 6 tables, and 8 S oviet references. Byalynitskaya, V.G., and Ped', D.A. Formation of Night Frosts~ in Mraine 264 The authors place night frosts in Ukraine into the;category of those that are'dangerous, i.e., capable of ':damaging cropd. This type of frosts is common both in autumn and in spring..:~ but the authors analyze only the occurenbe of,frosts in May. Crimea is included in this study. Tabular material includes statistics of occurrence and duration of frosts. The article analyzes the thermobaric field during the occurrence of frosts and. compares it with the field when'frost is 'absent. Pertinent: Card 9110 Problems in Long-range Forecasting 361 indices are deduced and data given on how to forecast the onset of frosts one to two days in advance. There,:are 13 tables in the text and 2 in the appendix,, 8 ma s, 2drawings P and 16 references, of which 14 are Soviet and 2 are' English. AVAILABLE: Library of Congress HM /kav 8-12-58 Card 10/10 7; TI 4!4 I I'l Iq aIFlril V~11 ZVEREV-9 N. FRI DO Iq -7: 1:- F, 11!T; ji-~,:Tjpj 111jr 1.1 W fit !,?t itll~ 11:1111, f. 9151A i!jl 11 ----------- ............. all pul Wif 11 3(7) SO'[/50-59-5-20/22 AUTHOR: Zverev, N. 1. TITLE; Final Meeting of the Scientific CoUncil:of the Contral.1natituto of Prognosis (Itogovaya sessiya Uchenogo sovata Teentrallnogo instituta prognozov) PERIODICAL: Meteorologiya i gidrologiya, 1959, Nr 5; pp 61 62 (USSR); ABSTRACT: On January 12-20, 1959' a meeting of the Scientific Council took place at the Tsentrallayy institut prognozov (central'Inatitate of Prognosis). It was dedicated to the:finafresults in the ful- filment of the plan for scientific research: work- 3 reports were delivered in the Agrometeorological Seciion,of the Scientific Council. L. A. Razumova and S. B. Mastinskaya put forward,the results of the three-year experimental,work at which'the formation of ground humidity'reserves an& the correlation between the state of the ',~summer wheat and corn and the~yiatorlsupply in the newly won land (the steppe areas of the Kulunda Steppe and of northern Kazakhstan) were investigated. S. B. MastiAshays., N.I* h. Meshcha- ninova, Yu. S. Mellnik, ff. A. Baybayeva et al participated Card 114 directly in the working out of this subject. Co-workers of the Final Meeting of the Scientific Council of the Central 8OV/56-59-5.:20/22 institute of Prognosis following organizations took part in the investigations: Kazakhskiy nauchno-issledovateliskiy gidrometoorologicheskiy institut (Kazakh Hydrometeorological Scientific Rsaearch In- stitute), Novosibirskiy biologiolieskiy.inatitut (Novosibirsk 'Biological Institute), Kazakhskiy institut im. Villyamf3a (Kazakh Institute imeni Viltyams), Kazakhekiy institut zernovogo khoz- yaystva (Kazakh Institute of:Grain Econo ), as well,' as::the MY co-workers of the agrometeorological titations. B. P.Iono~larev spoke on the evaluation of agrometeorological conditions for the grow th )f surnmer wheat in tile area,2of the RSr-SR- 7;repprts were delivered in the Hydrological Section of tile scientific Council. The most important results mere obtained by~ V. D. Komarov, A. 11. Vazhnov, and A. I. Karakasho V. N. Par4hin and Ye. G. Popov worked out a new method for bhe evaluation of hydrological forecasts. A. I. Afanaa2yev presented conclusions on the features of the decay of the snow cover on the bas*is of an interpretation of aerial photographs during thd melting of snow. 7 reports were delivered in the Meteorological Section. Card 2/4 F. I. Monakhov put forward the result-s,of experimental inveatiga- "~o to, 6 4'o TO-90'- - -,I I I ol~ 10,fles -fit the j:or I of 1 al V'- "~s ,ISO ~e0l)~o 0 -reotl 0 111at;-0 ~11-06 - -r 10, tal:r, 00V Eo t1le y.0 of ,teTM .160 0 S tvLe Nil 0t 0~ 6 5010 Otho pi e -eel 0 IrDs 'D~ -110TY -f T (I OT009 No joll 0.tjje Vgae ,G-107aS ioT I %o 6 -b- -0,s qle 0- T tue CI- a J~v 9 j.-ro 11 fee,). tao 01 -PoTt ov~ tyke CeV6 -reS 0j 0 tne ae So -re-go 9,vo e 11 r ~,t.0 & Te'v ..ro& 10,00 eT i'11 Use '3'-t e 6,1,xoq ' 0a 0 sef~l -f ee. -PT 0 teop OStS 01 r.,Yfilag .1 8-e -.,Ice ,,-reO -o-11 ..V0 evIV, T- -,te- -q '149 e . e OE -re,p 0 OTO 'ill, ~0-r OT e * fl te 01,0 G D.0 A6"~ 0.13 V- eteO-r - 19. ,Z.01 MOTO. T 0 o"Je Oc~ a 10 a .. 0 &evo- 0~ ~o-r NT -r- 0,1110 e o-qe -Do- os'ets tot voo-pe 0t. '12, - vty~e 00. i'vDel3i- iv 4"3,t yo-reGO'S tva'3 9XILts 00.9tso tyLOT~-tl tAO 0 t ~je Ge . To -re , -f, Of fo SA. , Te. u ites taer '.. jovl%~g, It so V~aas o1a t*VLO .60. -, -~OL lf~ b., 'too a -a0 rxhl~ 01 tae -Dw It W1 t, 07,-ju-st, V4 'h . res -as 11 0 etcoSl f,la-to"' e) 4 Y-0'7 -q9- t'r~o _Ue., e Se the j,lu - -Do I el Of .7~_~VF_RFW, M,1' 3(7) PHASE I LOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/,)249 Moscow. Tsentrallnyy InstiLut prognozov Voprosy do, go erochnykh prognozov pogody (Problems In Long-Rnnge Weather Fore- castina) MOBQOWI Gldrometeolzdat (otd.), 1959. 62 p. (Seriest lint Trudy, vyp. 85) Errata slip Inserted. 900 copies printed. Sponsoring Agency: USSR, Sovet ministrov. Glavnoye upravlonlye g1dro- meteorologichaskoy sluzhby. Ed. (Title pape): G. I. Morskly; Ed. (Inside book); L. V. BlInDikov;:Tech. Ed.: T. Ye. Zemtsova, PURPOSE: This issue of the Institute's Transactions~is intended for scientific research and field workers in meteorology as well as for advanced students in schools of higher education. COVERAGE: This is a collection of three articles in oynoptic and Ceneral meteorology Two of the articles deal with problems concerning the general circulation of the atmosphere while the third discusses the matter of forecasting mean 7-day pres- sure maps. Referencesaccompan-,r each article. Card 113 =map Problems in Long-Range (Cont.) SOII/324-9' TABLE.07 CONTENTS: Rayev, 1. K. On the Theory or the.Ge6eral Cir,culatioln ofithe Atmosphire The author attempts aitheoretical description of.the general circulation In the most general statement ofthe problem, This,entailso first of,'aallp the consideration of nonlinear and viscoalty membersi'tin difforentlal !3quations, and also the consideration at the nonadiabatic'ef'f'ect a yhich. play ;L bapic role in the general circulation of,the,atmosphere,. This,work dIfFPr6,-. from others on the problem . insofar L as the author pays , atria ter attention to ~ the dependence of the thermal properties of the underlying surface onieographic coo~.dinates. Computations are introduced to show that tem7jerature,ln time and"space as well as all elements of motion may be determined when~thep'initlial distribution of meteorological elementa and the heat influx from the S~n,as a function of tIme,are known. There are 4 referencest 3 Soviet and 1~English, 3 Zverev, N. I. Forecasting a Mean AT 500 Seven-day,Chart ___Ti_nce most extended forecasts do,not deal with weather conditions to be ex- pected in the week immediately following the date'of chart compilation the author presents a statistical method of compiling mean 7-day chaAs. 'The author works on the basic premise that the development or synoptielprocesses in the future Is completely determined by the history of synoptic processes over a given roglon. Thore are 7 raferences: 4 Ooviet find 3 English. 27 Card 2/3. fj :~ 7 7:~T 1. TIfi:I FI !i VT .111, !ZT,42 "'1., 111 11 11 1111 U-1r.1.11 HIM. Mill ill 9 1. 1 1 '3/10/62/900/007/i09/149 D228/D307 AUTHORS: Vasyukov, K. N.,, 4verev N. I. and Ped', D. A. TITLE: Using the:principle*of analogoul'ness~when for6ca6ting synoptic prccesses and the weather for five dd a PERIODICAL: Refera"--'vnyy, zhurnal, Geofizikat- no,,7, 191629,1 48 9ab__' stract*7B257':(Tr. Tsentr. in-ta;'Tprogrk6zov, no.,:116, 1962,. 13-23) TEXT: The N-500 values for a.standard grid'of points, located ev- ery 40 of latitude and 120:of longitudo on tho territory ounded by 360W, 840E, 760N, and 360Wt were taken from tbe'averageTmaps for natural synoptic processes (NSP) in Janu~ry and Februgtr~y,::1938- 1955. After this the.eigns-of the,geopotenti~l differences, re'.spec- tively characterizing the zonal and the meridional.flow co'Mpon ents were determined for meridionally and latitudinally neighboring V/ points. Th 'e values +1, 0, and -1 were reepectivelY ascribed to positive, zero and negative differences. The resulting magnitudes --of the rAeridional and the zonal wind~components for all NSP were Card 1/ 4 7i 8/169/62/000/007/109:/49 Using the principle ... D228/D307 printed on tape, The analogs of the N-500 averages for the para'- meters P,,and , characterizing the similarity offields withre- PA. spect-to their--ciroula-tional.--features-, were selected for the first 20 maps by means of the electronic computer "Pagoda". The valu6ifj of P(P (111d P,~.waro ouloulatud from tho f ormulad t n n nA - + n + n P/L n + n + k+ where no+, n. n n is the number of cases when the signs of the meridional (n and the zonal (nA) flo on w camp ents in two-com- 1P parable N-500 fields of NSP do, or do not, coincide. The comparison of all NSP with the-briginal 20 allowed the distribution of,the de- gree of analogy for the fields of2the 500-mbAurfaPe's January,geo- -potential to be obtained from-the parameters of a 'and a It aloo Card 2/4 S/169/62/000/007/109/149 . Using the principle D228/D307 allowed the natural frequency of analogous processes to be;ex osed p separately according to the development of the meridional and.the zonal air-flow components. Utilizing the criterion p all processes can be dividod according to their,dogroe of finalo~gy t 0throd ca- tOgOriOG: '010 atlftlog > 0-4), the non-analog -0.3, 40-4), and the reverse analog (p A-0-3)-.Utilizing ~the criterion-p too, we will obtain the analog P ,';~0.8, the non-analoglp,, = 0.2-.+ 0.6, cihd the reverse analog /4 0'2. The criteria.~are,established with a 10% guaranty. In practical work, when classifying all processes into three categories, the degree of guaranty sho.~-'ld be established jointly according toboth criteria for the analog p,>,,0.4,and PA.`~_ 0.6, the.non-analog -.0.3 4prp 1, 0.4 and 0.2-~ p/t /_ 0.6, and the re- verse analog -p f,0.3 and p ~.O.2. Average estima'-tes are given for ogousneL the anal of subsequent pairs of NSP'in relation to the de- of'analogy of.the original pairs of NSP~with'respect:to P(P Card.3/4 -- - ---------- S/16'9/62/000/007/lb9/149 Using the principle.... D228/D30il and + As the geometric likeness increases, the', analo PA -ousnese iii the development of atmospheric processes in subf3equeni, NSP grows generally,.But in a number- of examples it is shown, too, that the factor ok geometric analogy, though it.ie of great~signi- ficance in estabi'lishing the analogousnooo Of~ ~,LtMOE.PherjO PI'0000- son, does not always givo pracLically valuabI6 pointers -to the fu- ture development of processes. In some cases originally similar processes subsequently change int6 non-analoSs. Using modern com- puters it is possible by means of the analogy.!parameters of p rp and + o -to take into account objoctiVely the develop- PA P P ment history op atmospheric processesi to solve pr'oblems cor-nec- ted with the choice of analogs, and so.forth,;which is necessary in order to forecae't thip weather for 3 7 days. Abstracter's note; Complete trahslation.-7 Card 4/4 S/169/62/000/007/110/149,: D228/D307 AUTHORS: Vaoyukov, K. N.j Zverevt Ne Is an&Ped").D. A. ------------------ TITLE: Application of-empirical functions~'of influence ford forecasting mean monthly air tempe:~ature anomalies PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal Geofitika, no'. 7,1962, 48-49, - abstract 7B258 (Tr. Tsentr. in-ta prognozov, no. 116, 1962, 24-33) iEXT: Particular synchronous and a,synchronous:(.December-january, June-July) factors of correlation between the Moscow air tempera- ture and the temperature.(pressure) at a number.of points were de- termined for January and July in order to investigate the intluen- ce of centers of atmospheric action (CAA) on the formation of mean monthly air temperature anomalies in the USSR's Eur .opean territory and in order to derive possible prognostic relations (by prepar- ing the equation of multiple regreasion).-These points Were,chosen for the characteristic of the intensity of CAA. and~Were located.'aB followd: Ponta Delgada (Azores)) Honolulu (Hawaiian Islands), Be- Card 1/4 S/169/6~2/000/007/110/149 Application of empirical D228/D3,07 ruferdur (Iceland), Irkutsk, Tashkent, and Petropavlovsk na Kam- chatka. The correlative connections between the~eleqonts under con- i sideration (all instances of air temperature and pre0sure anoma- lies over 50 years were taken into account) are small. The highest stability (for synchronous relations) is observed between thead- vection of the Azores anticyclone and-the mean monthly temperature anomaly at Moscow. The relations obtained appear more distinctly, in ca5es of greater temperature oi~ pressure d-eviations at CAA, se~- lected from all the 50-year data. Magnitudes are given for synchro- nous and asynchrono'us-fela~tiond betWben'the mean monthly air'tem- perature anomalies at Moscow and the CAA, and between the mean monthly air temperature anomalies at Moscow and~the mean monthly pressure anomalies at the CAA; values are citedF too, for the,syfl- chronous relations of the mean monthly Moscow air-temperature ano- malies to the pressure anomaly differences between the main CAA.~ allowance is made' for the state at two CAA,,the:asyfLchronous relations between the mean monthly air temperature anomalies at Moscow and the pressure at the CAA are somewhat better than if --Just one CAA is taken into accounts Allowance is mad.e for the aim- Card 2/4 Application ofempirical D2289/62/000/007/110/149 /D307 ultaneous influence of all CAA'by means of empirical functions of influence. The problem is simplified'b finding the-asynchronous relations (with a month's displacemenZ between the state of.some CAA, expressed by fluctuations in the mean monthly.air temperature anomaly at Ponta Delgada, Beruferdur, Honolulu, Irkutsk, and Tash- kent, and the mean monthly air temperature anomaly on the,USSR's European territory according to the data of 11 stations for 1900- 10.40 (Arkhangellsk, Leningrad, Syktyvkar, Rig'a Moscow Yelabuga, 0renburg, Zemetchino, Volgograd,*Rostov-on-Don: Odessa~. Allowance for the influence of CAA on the temperature conditions of:the USSR's European territory was made by dividing all the original da- ta into warm (April -September) and cold (October-11arch) periods, whose empirical functions of influence were,deter 'mined separately. Coefficients of the empirical functions of influelice are cited for each of the 11 points on the USSR's Buropeanterritory; they were obtained on the grounds of the data's climat~ic processing. The values of,the mean monthly air temperature anomaly (At) predic- table for each point and month are calculated from the multiple .+d + , ---regress*ion equation t d 16t + 0( At + c~ *At I At X At 0 0. 1 1 2 2. 3 3 4 4 Card 3/4 5/169/62/000/007/110/149* ~~Application of empirical ... D226/D- ,507 Here c~ are the respective' coefficients of the em- o (_X1 f 0(21 G(3, c-~4 pirl-cal functions of influence~for a given station on the USSR's European territory and for the stations of each of the four.CAA': the Azores and Honolulu highs, the'Iceland lo%.r / Abs.tracter's ... note: It is assumed that Inelandskoy', should reid lislandsko~' 7, the Siberian high for the cold season, and the~Mid-Asiatic low-for the warm season. Atof Lt 16t are the respective mean 111~t2l AtP 4 monthly air temperature-anomalies at the same.~points for the pro- ceding month. 18 out.of 22 of the forecasts f 'or the mean monthly air tempera 'ture anomaly were proved to be correct. 23 references. Abstracter's note: Complete translation. Card 4/4 :''s/169/62/000/007/111/149 D228/J)507 AUTHOR: Zverev, N. I. TITLE: Forecasting the baric height field's,evolutioh during 3 7 days PERIODICAL: Referativnyy'-zhurnalp Geofizikaot no-:7, 1962p; 4 9 ~i ab-* stract 7B259 (Tr. Tsentr. in-ta:prognozovt no, 11:6# 1962, 34-40 TF_XT: The author suggests a complex way of. forecasting th6l.evolu- tion of the baria~ height field at the mean :troposphere level for 3 - 7 days. The method contains the clements.of theoretica 1and synoptic-statistical trends, from which ways of numerically fore- casting the baric field for ave'rage periods are being currently' developed. In accordance with G. I. Morski 1,s theoretical model (Tr. Tsentr. in-ta prognozov, no. 49, 19M themain equation is recorded in the form: Card 1/3 Porecastint, the baric D228/D307 P M H 6H 6H + +'(X +a AH +0( (HAH) FS (X, yl t).' 1 Tt_ 2 rx 3 4 where H is the value of the N-500 geopotential; AA6 the Laplacian X11 sign; c,(, ,r42 F C'k3 P 0(4 are constants; and y, is, the arbi- trary function, allowing the factors not Laken' into account in the equation to be estimated statisticall Thie:;equation is linearized relative to a certain function R(x, Y~," whicli may in a particular case be considered as the field Of the N-5061values of a natural synoptic period. The solution is made in the"~formof an analysis With respect to Chebyshev's polynomials recorded in the form.of a graded series, when H(x, y) is taken oniy in Ia firat approximation ,as a second degree polynomial. Certain coefficients confronting different degrees of.X and y were determined.:Coefficients with younger degrees of x and y include time in a higher degre.e,than those with older degrees, This testifieErin,~part_~cular that the in- fluence of the indices of zonal and meridional t~.anafer f;rows,as Card 2/3 ism S/16 62/000/007/111/149 Forecasting the baric D228YD307 tile interval from the original day increases, and that the influence -of indices, characterizing the development of Bifialler-scale dis- turbances, diminishes. The method allows the baric field's evolu" tion throughout a natural synoptic period to be,calclulated ori.the basis of average AT-500 charts for the period"s tendency, i.e it enables.a natural synoptic period's peculiarities to'be taken into'. account. /-Abatracter'.9 note., Complete translation*-7 Card 3/3 ~S/i ~6q/62/000/~007/1~12/1 4~q- 8/169/62/000/007/112/149 M28/X'07 AUTHORS: Duytseva, Mc A. and TITLE: Possibility of applying L. Kletterl,s method of fore- casting.charts of the mean three-'day U-850 values PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal, Geofizika):no.:7, 1962, 49,.ab- stract 7B260 (Tr. Tsentr. in-ta,prognozov, no*-1160 1962, 65-66) TEXT: The methods suggested by.L. Kletter (Praktische Erf.ahrungen mit einer neuen Methode.zur Ausarbeitung mittelfristigerl'iette'r- -prognosen, Arch. Ileteorol., Geophys. und Bioklialiatol. A,,1956, Bd.- 91 H 2), was verified in,conformity with the citculation conditions over the USSR's European territory. L. Kletterls method is based-on the use of the linear regression equationj~relating the mean three- day N-850 values to the values at 18 hrs on the initial day. For the USSR's European part the regression coefficients were deter- mined by the method of least squares from"the daily AT-850 charts -for Mosebwy Leningra.d, Kiev, and Sverdlovsk for January.and July, 'lard 1/2 S/169/62/000/007/1121/14.9 Possibility of applying D228/D307 1950-1952. Out of 27 forecasts 15 proved to be correct in the -Aynamics of~ other 12 being incorrect. The:method does not give the the development.of,pro.cesses.-.The reason for the"low'justifiable- ness of the forecasts evidently consists.of the fact that no ad- .equate allowance is made for the regression equationlB freo term. Abstracter's notet Complete tranalation.-7 10ard 2/2 ........................ VASYUKOVP K.A., kand. fiz.-matem. nauki ZVMEV.,_Njt,,,.kand. fiz.-matem nauk; PEDI, D.A., kand. geograf;-nauk Rhythms in the atmosphere and some methods of evaluating them.. Meteor. i gidrol. no.lt47-49 A 165. (MIRA 180) 1. TSentrallnyy institut prognozov. L 10 406-67 ACC NRt AT6033032 where (D is the scalar potential of the magnetic field; Ho 16~ the magnitude 'of the :Longitudinal field; H is the amplitude of th p-th harmonlc~~of the helical fleld- r, q) # zare coordinates. - Mere follows a ma(Zhematical development for the case Of a holical field with n - 2. The article gives detailed mechanical drawings of:i evetal of the main features of the equipment used, Including a-cross section viaw of7the- apparatus, details of the helical winding, and a bIbck diagr4a of the feeding! system., A further figure shows an oscillogram of the current flowing'through the winding* Ihe experimental data confirm the validity of the appiroaah to the probleme "In conclusion the authors express their sincerG thanks to M. S. Rabing-vIch for h1s: continaing interest in the work and for his helpful iis'e, ~80;~t'as ~W as U) rG4 P. AlekSM&OVI V. 1. Dudin, V. I. Kryykavo and Ve P. Solov'm who took part in Uwaonstruation oif the equipment,' and to G. L (b I kin& uho: took part In ths coAS'tmotJj*., *,f the system*" Orige art. hast'~S formulas. 7 fiq%4vs, and 1~ table SM CM38 '-20/ SUM DMs' none/ OkM~,RWs 014/`~ ='Dws'! 003 /241p 2 BATANOV, G.M.; BEPS7UTSKIY, M.S.; GREBE, NSHCHIKOV, SJe.; POPRYADUKHIN, A.P.; RABINOVICH, M.S.; SBITNIKOVA, I.S.; SHPIGELI,, I.S. Magnetic surfaceB and the confinement of a.plasma by helical'fields in a stellarator with external injection. DoU. AN SSSR 16o n&.6...' 1293-1295 F 165. (MIRA 18:2) Submitted September 23, 1964. S/08.1/61/0(iO/023/058/66i B106/tloi AUTHORS, Reznikovskiy, M.M.t verev, N-P., Denisolia, L.L. TITLE: An improved chamber for laboratory test6,"Io~f tlje~ozonc resistance of rubbers PERIODICAL: Re'-~rativnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no. 23,. 1961,*561, abstract 'P 2 3 354. (Tr. N.-i. in-ta shin. prom-util.eb. 7y' 1960t I TEXT: An installation guaranteeing satisfactory accuracy and,reproducibility of measurements even at nonuniform 0 distribution in the.werking chamber is 3 described. In order to exclude fluctuations in the 0 concentration, the 3 case containing the samples revolves at a rate of 2 rbm'.1 The contactless transmission of torque from the Warren motor is attained by means of &,nlag7 netic clu$ch. CAbstracter's note: Complete translations Card 1/1 AUTHOR: Zverev, B.S., Engineer SOV/133-58-.10-26/31 TITLE: On t-he-T-r-0b-1-em--"'of Production of Deep.~Dirawlng Sheets for the Manufacture of Automobile Bodies~:(K voprosam proiz- vodstva avtolista dlya glubokoy vjty4zhki)i nRIODICAL: Stal 1958, rNr 10 $ p 9,48 (USSR) ABSTRACT:* The paper contains critical remarks:dn the: previously published paper'by G.D. Rogoza (Refs;J an!i 2) in which the validity of Eriksen's test for deep drawi'Ag sheets wag questioned. The present author considers that in,order to supply quality sheets, the metal should be.extensively tested on the producing works. T:iere are 3 Soviet. references. ASSOCIATION: Gorlkovskiy avtomobillnyy zavod (Gol".1cly Automobile, Card 1/1 AUTHOR; TITLE: PERIODICALt ABSTRAM Card 1/2 Zverev, U.S. Tests of Imported and Domestic Cold-Rolle-1 Plate for' Auto- mobile Bodies (Ispytoniya impoitnogo1i 0t,30heJtvenn6_o A*vto- kuzovnogo kholodnokatanogo lista) Avtombillnaya promystilennoet', 1958,11ir 9, PP 38-40 (USSR) The Gorlkiy Notor Vehicle Plant, an&also sevoral tber Sovi e t automobile plants, satisfied part of its ,.requirement's for cold-rolled plate for car productioinl!by ii6ports. Especially the Gorlkiy plant obtained cold-rolled stoiel plate from;ithe USA, England, West Germany and Francb. In order to compare the chemical analysis, mechanical properties and prelssing results of the imported steel plate and that produced by the zavod "Zaporozhatall" (Zaporozhstal1jil Plant)'o tests of both kinds were carried out. The test ra6ulta are preso,ntjcd.on 4 tables: The percentalge in the Plate of carbonp manganese and sulphur (Table 1); yield point,~olongation, relation between the yield point and the ultimate istrength at rupture, hardness RB, extension by Erichsen c4ppinjr best in mm, grain size in ball-marks, waste at punchinG (Table 2), the same data for the angular body panels of the 111-lobedall car (Table 3) and stamping results for other parts (Tab:.e 4). The author SOV-113-58-9-15/19 Tests of Imported and Domestic Cold-Rolled Platelpr Automobile Bodies evaluates these results and strongly.recommends their con- sideration. in the e3tablishment of relevant GOST standard3 for the motor vehicle plants. There are 4 tables and 3 Soviet references., ASSOCIATION: Gorlkovskiy avtozavod (The Gorlkiy Motor 'Vehicle Plant). 1. Automobile industry--USSR .2. Metal plati..,s--Effectiveness Card 2/2 he It 11 Ifw it 46 it III it a it i, I A I A-r_ A- 9 A I T T.: AA 0 to i. Ar-Ot- so INTLITrNICE OF I REF FM11M. On IttItACT r-IRMIGTH. !-is 14qtft11pxrO14. 14. 1 5-102(193h) (in Russian) 1 1-01 AtItX'sat 16 .00 Allove 6, 508. L( rif v inomet strength absorved in pr"asvi.V, parto nM* steel contz- c 0-31 --0.39, tin 0-33-0-46- Si 0-21-0-34 ~nd Cr 0, 1. 1 ZIA a was due to the Drei ence of free forrlte either ' 'lowly V(w Ft-laininig it in .41%. C.. C.. -too IVA ;so so LIt 4 44 1is 0 t w I I'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a so 0 0 0, 0 0 0_4 0 0 0. 0~6 04 s. 0 0 0 OrS (Kazakhstan--goonomic conditions) v- R a I1 6 . BUCHii&, Boris Aleksayevich; DOWOPYATOV, Yu.A., red. -, ZVEW. N.V., speteredaktor; NAGIM, P.A., tokha.red. (Kazakhstan is a republic of large-scAle state,farm production] Kazakhstan-reBpublika krupnogo sovkho2nogo proirvodotva. Alma-Ata, Y,azakhakoe gos.isd-vo, 1956. 129 p. (MIRA 10: 12) (Kazakhstan--State farms) HEM, Ni. MATSKEVICH, Oleg VasilOyovichl ERE& "7UKHODIKO, S. red. (Kazakhstan, the country of eagle's wings]kazakbstan - strana, orlinykh kryllyev. Alm-Atap"Kazaklistan", 1965. 172 p. (MUk M12)