SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ZAVYALKIN, N. - ZAVYALOV, A.S.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001964010020-8
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 15, 2001
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

ZAV YALKIN
Publishing House of the Ministry,of MunicApal Economy of the R.S.F.S.R.
in 1963. Zhil-kom. khoz. 13 no.2.#21 163,; (MIRA 16:3)
lo Glavnyy redaktor lzdatellstva Miniateratva ko=t1nallnogo
.--khoayayatva.RSFSR.-
(Municipal services-Periodicals)

I'LASNOV, Ilikolay Petrovich;IIAKOVER, Mikhail Danilovichi KOLIGUNWO,
Inns, Ivanovna- - ORLTIOV, Yuriy Flatveyevich; CIONEPW]INAO
Anna: I-TikoI&7avna; ~A~.'Yp,IALKrI,--jI,R.,, red.; BAYJ.ITIY.C-tCVA, U.n.
red.izd-va; BOIXIIIA, A.V., red. izd-va; ZjI,YSHLYJffZVA, I.M.,
red. izd-va; T.IfflIOVA, R.11., red.izd-va; IIEROIIOVA, M.D., red.
izd-va; LMUKHIII, A.A.0 tekhn. red.
(Homo and family life]Dom i byt. Moskva, Izd-vo, M-va, kormiun.
khoz.'.RSFSH, 1962- 315 P. (MIRA 15:11)
(Home economics)

ZAVIYALKIN) li,Ps) red.; KWOKH) NAj tekbn. red.
(Your good friends; eosrqs on the beat peoplo in the com-
munal sconozWj Vashi dobryo druzlial ocherki o luchahikh
liudiakh kommunallnogo khozi(tiotva. Moskva* Izd-yo 1-1-va
kommun.khoz,RSFSRj 1961. 67 p. OCIRA l5s7)
(Labor and laboring classes)

.~~l'YAIXOV)..Af=aaiy..Goorgiyovich; SAVITSKIY) F.I.9 red.; DUDOVIK,
ImPop tekhn, red,
[Price planning) Planirovanie tsen. Finsk, Izd-vo 11--va vysshogo,
srednego spetsialinogo i profe2sionallnogo obrazovaniia BSSRp
.1962, 98 p, (MIRA 15:5)
(Pricoo)
I RM

ZAVIYALOV A,
Our offioient womn workers. Mmk.-elev. prom. 30 no-3:5-6
mr 164. WRA l7s4) 77
1. Nachallnilc GI.avnogo upravleniya khleboproduktcrv Belorusakoy
SSRO
t s

an
AUTHORSo Zarviyalov, A. and Dumnovf D. 2-2-12/12
I
- ----------------
TITLEi On the Yearly Accountings of Sovkhozea# XTS'a and Kolkhozon
for the Year 1957 (0 godovykh otohetakh eovkhozovt MTS i
kolkhozov za 1957 9.)
PERIODICALo Veatnik Statiatiki, 19589 # 2, PP 94-96 (USSR)
ABSTRALM The article contains official information from the USSR
Central Administration of Statistics regarding the accounting
forms for the year 1957. These forms a:ze approved by the USSR
Central Administration of Statistics in cooperation with the
USSR Ministries of Agriculture and Finance.
The local statistical organs are warned to be more accurate
in filling out tha yearly forms.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 1/1

I ,
BA;. I )Gil 11 Ene, ZAV I YA i OV , A7 IT "Il ?YOF40,,
Construction Industry
Experience in economizing iraterialis in ccnatruction work. Za okon, mat. noo 2, Septs 19529
Monthl List of Russian Accessiois, LibrarIj of Congr ess, December 1952. UInc:lqssJifie-d.
-WOM

MERZLDV Ire.;. ZAVIYAWV- A LEBEDEV, N.; IAKTIOROV, A., gruppavoy
inzh. rom khan VERIGO A. slektromekhanik
I P
-A-utomatic'' control on ships. Mor. flot 23 no. 12:45 D 10.
(MIM 17:5)
li*Nachallnik sluzhby sudovogo khozyaystv4 Dunayakogo parokhodstva
(for.,14erilo.v). -2..Nachallnik tekhnicheskogo otdela Dunayskogo
okhodstva (for 7avlyalov). 3-- Starshiy inzh. NIO Odesskogo
par
,,vySsh6go inzhenernogo morskogo uc'hilishcha (for Labedev).
4.,-Dunaybkoye parokhodotvo (for laktionov.-Verigo).

.0 V 11E
ACC IM: AP6024ol7 SOURCE CODE: UR/0229/66/000/003/oo3h/0036
AUTHOR: Zavlyalov, A. A,
ORG: rlon~_
TITLE: Automatic temperature control of diesel engine cooling systems for boats vith
hydrofoils
SOURCE: Sudostroyeniye, no. 3, 1966, 311-36
,TOPIC TAGS: automatic temperature control, diesel engine, engine cooling system,
.servomechanism, negative feedback, thermocouple
ABSTRACT: The author describes,'an electromechanical automatic control system for the
cooling water In high-speed diezel engines uved in boats operating on hydrofoils. his
control system was tested on a "Raketa" type power boat. An indirect-action automatic
regulator with direct feedback was mounted in the closed cooling system of a diesel
engine. An electric motor with a reduction gear in used as the servomechanism. A bi-
metallic thermocouple is used as the sensing element which controls the electric servo-i
motor through an electromagnetic relay. The system in equipped with direct negative
feedback to eliminate natural oscillation in the servomechanism part of the system.
Differential control.equations are derived as aresult of dynamic analysis of the var-'
ious parts of the system. Expressions are given for the control-object, sensing ele-
Card 1/2 uDc: 621.431.74-533.6

f _ql I j; 'T I M~111t' Ti AL 4 a 0
T
ACC NR. AP6024017
ments and other sections of the system. It is shown that the control object (the cool
ing system of high-speed small-scale powerful-diesels) may be treated an an aperiodic
section of the first order. The eldctromecbanical system for automatic temperaturo
control completely satisfies the requirements for maintaining constant temperature
under all operating conditions for the main engine.. Orig. art. has: 4 figures, 8
formulas.
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"MMOMMM

ZAVIYALOV, A.I.
Grinding mill at the Tuchkorvo Ccnbine. Stroi, rat, 10 no.10;8
0 164. (MIRA 28:2)
21
A
rN,

ZAVIYALOV. M,. inzb.
mechanized earthworko Futt i -put. khos. s zo,nao 164
(MIRA 18s2)
1. ZamestiteV nachallniku Za-porozbBkoy distantaliv Pridneprov-
skoy dorogi.

ZAVOTALOV. Anatoli-y Ivanovich; MOrZTXV, I.A., red.; ZAYTSZVA, X.Y.,
rod.kart; SHCMU"UVA, T.A.. takhn.red.
(Zntertaining questions of a young geographer] Zanimatellnyo
voprosy iunogo geografa. Moskva, Gom.uchabno-pedsgog.Lxd-yo
H-va proov.RUSR# 1960, 4~ 'P. (MIRA 13:10)
7---:-~(Ge ~dpphy-Xxamina b ions. questions, etc*)

LAZAREVA, bl.X.; ZAVIYALOV, A.N*
Causes of the unatahle acid'Lty of butyl acetate and their
elimination. Gidroliz. i lesokhim. prom. 16 no.7tl7-20 t63.
(MIRA l6til)
1,Dmitriyovskiy losokhimichaskiy zavod (for Lazareva). 2,, Ivanovt;kiy
khimiko-takfLnologicheskiy inst~tut (for Zavtyalov).
7777g~

ZAV I YALOV A.
Newspaper and Mag&31ns dlstrlbutam Soy# sba"o 11 no.10s
39 0 162. (MFLA 15s9)
1. Instruktor Wela rasprostranonlya pechati Novamoskovskoy
kentory svyazi, Tullskaya oblast'.
(Nevapaper and periodical circulation)

81742
S/089/60/ W /05/01/008
B006/BO56
AUTHORS: Ibraximov, Sh. Sh.. Lyashenko, V. S., Zavlyalov, A. 1.
TITLE; Investi-ration of the Pronertie4&nd the Structurevo-
Metals and Some Steele AfteF Their Irradiation With FaBt
Neutrons 17
PERIODICAL: Atomnaya eneririya, 1960, Vol. 8. No. 5, pp. 413 - 4ig
41
TEXT: The authors de8cribe Investigations of structure and properties
after fast-rieutron irradiation and thermal treatment ot iron-,I n ckel
OwUq),%~)X-049T (Uh 6N9T),
molybdenum,-~hnd steels of the grades 1X18H9 W
the latter grade contains o.6% Ti - 1X18W12 OWRI )J61X18HUM21
(Uh18NUM2,T)O -thi grade contains 2.1% Mo, ;a-dO.5% Ti - and
ix'18 17 Oxhl8W)Ihe Op, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Ti contents of these grades
are giveri in Table 1. Samples of;these materials, after suitable thermal
treatment., are hermetically sealed Jx 1Kh18NqT steel tubes and conveyed
into the core of 9L.~P-2 (BR-2)-type reactor. The integral dose was
20 1?--- 2
1.8-1o neutrons per cm , the irradiation temperature was 4o - 700c-
Card 113

8~8
S/089/60/0 7YO5/01/008
Investigation of the Properties and the
Structure of Metals and Some Stools After Boo6/B056
Their Irradiation With Fast Neutrons
The properties of the investigated materials beforo and after irradia-
tion are given in Table 2. It was found that fast neutron irradiation
caused an increase in strengthq hardness, and electric resistivity as
well as a decrease in the relative longitudinal extension. The greatest
change was found in molybdenum. For the purpose of the thermal stabili-
ty of investigating the defects due to radiation, the samples were an-
nealed for 30 minutes at various tem;erat ,ures. Their microbiardness was
measured after each annealing (Figs. 1, 2) as wall as the resistivity
of some samples. Fig. 3 shows the temperature dependence of the electric
resistivity of irradiated and non-irradiated molybdenum. Fig. 4 shows
the decreaso in the miorohardnessaHof irradiated iron with the timeT
during which it was exposed to various temparatureso This dependence is
theoretically investigated in the following, Fig- 5 shows the theore-
tical function &W(T). Finally, the structure of Fe, Ni, and Ho before and
after irradiation as well as aftor annealing after irradiation is investi-
gated, without any essential structural changes being found (Fig. 7,
mierostructure of iron). Finally, it was found that the radiative defects
leading to an increase in strength are of an essentially different nature
Card 213

8170
Inveatigation of the Properties and the a/C-8q/60/0o8/o.5/Oi/008
Structure of Metals and Some Stools After Z006/B056
Their Irraidiation With Fast Neutrons
as thoise leadingto an increase in electric resistivity. Thelincrease in
ntrangth of the irradiated material io'caused by defoot3 (diatortions of
first and second kind), which are annealed without diffusion and with
activation energies of 16~500 and 280700 cal/mole. respectively. An in-
crease in strength during the irradiation and the annealing of irradiat-
ed materials is not accompanied by a change in their microstructure.
The authors thank V. M. Agranovich for discussions. There are 7 figures,
2 tables, and 7 -references, 6 Sovietand I German.
SUBMITTED: May 28, 1959
V\/
Card 313
W

ZAV IUL4MIf A.L
Izi a high-speed traffic section. Put# i put,khoz. 5 no.10:12-13
0 161, oam 14:10)
1. flachallnik Rzhavskoy distantaii puti, Yuzhnoy dorogi,
(Railroads-Yaintemmee and repair)
MOO "Ri-l"
i-, d-

RAGIHSXIT, S,A., inzh,, Prinimali uchostiye: KOVALW, K.Y,t ZAVIUWY"_
A,Xow VATSIMOp A,S.g kand.tekhn.naulrg nsuchnyy red,; FAXHOKOVA#
red.lzd-va; SH=BUA, N.V., tekhn.red.
EXasonry work and assemblage of precast construction elemental
Kamennye raboty i montazh abornykh konstruktaii. Koskva. 0o&.
lzd-vo lit-ry po strott., arkhit. i stroitataterielam. 1960.
253 P. (MIRA 13:7)
1. Akademiya stroltelostva i arkhitektury 660. Institut orga-
nizateii, makhanizateii I tekhnicheakoy ponoshohi stroitallstvu.
2. Instruktory peredovykh matodov trada Glavmosetroya (for Kova-
lev. Zavlyalov).
(Precast concrete construction) (Masonry)

FjOV/128-59-6-2/25
AUTHOR:
-- - . - . __ _ -Kvasman,- M.G,-, -Zav'yalov--_--AJT and _T___
_ Y unik, A.A., Engi-
__ neer8
TITLE: Some Factors Affecting the Quality of Cast Iron Crank-
shafts
PERIODICAL: LiteyrDye Proizvodstvo, 1959, Nr 6, pp 4-5 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Pouring of crankshafts for diesel engines is a compli-
cated process. In the following several test results
obtained by the working group of a metallurgical plant
during 1958 are published. They were made to find the
reasons for damage to the individual components of the
crankshafts in connection with their design and their
chemical properties. These defects or damages are:
blisters and porous areas, the ap pearance of which is
linked to their heat treatments. Diesel engines of the
type 2 D 100 have two crankshafts: the lower one with a
length of 3.86 '0 mm. (weight 1,740 kg)y and the upper one
with a length of 3.750 mm ( weight 1.490 kg). ( a draw-
Card 1/3 ing of the crankshaft Is given on Page 3 of this perio-

SOY/128-59-6-2/25
Some Factors Affecting the Quality of Cast Iron Crankshafts
dical). It is a crankshaft made from alloyed cast iron
(alloyed with Mol Ili, Cr, etc.). (At this time the
plant is carrying out experiments to produce such
crankshafts from magnesium type cast iron), The defects
appearing have been observed at this plant for over a
year. Prom one table it is clear that not one single
bearing area of the connecting rods big end bearings
has been without defeat. The n=ber and the location
of the defects differ at the different big end bearings
To demonstrate that not the temperature of pouring, but
the chemical properties of the casting material have
been the reasons for such defects, a crankshaft had
been produced from sulpherous cast iron of the type
S Ch 21-40.-Neither blisters nor porous areas had been
detected on this casting. In 1957, the observations
showed that the number of the defects increased with
the increase of the C.and Si (especially C 3 Si) con-
tents of the material.One table lists the results of
k'
Card 2/3 the observations during 1957 and 1958 for comparison.,---

SOV/li8-59-6-2/25
Some Factors Affecting the Quality of Cast Iron Crankshafts
There are 3 tables, 1 diagram and 3 graphs.
Card 3/3

4"FUN 'if
M ~V 0", OPEN

---- - -----

ZAVYALOV A.N,- KTJRANOVAo A*Y,,
Ramoval of oxidizable tatter from acetic acid. Gidrolls. I IssokhImprome
11 no.7:17-20 t60* (MIRA 13:10)
1. Dmitriyevalcly lesokhiuichesicir usmod.
(Acetic acid) (Wood distillAtIon)

U36/Chemical Technology Chemical Products and Their Application. Pesticides,
1-7
Abst Journal; Referat Zhur - Kbimiya, Ito 1, 1957, 1498
Author: Mauyer, F. M., Matveyev, M. A., Abramova, L. A.0 and Zavlyalov, A. P.
Institution: Academy of Sc4-encea Uzbek SSR
Title: New Chemicala for the Defoliation of the Cotton Plant
Original
Periodical: Izv. AN uzssii, 1956), No ip .15-22 (nuumary. in Uzbek)
Abstract:- Vie utilization of magnesixun chlorate (1), wylium athyl xanthate
(II), endothal. (111), and an emulsion of pentachlorophanol (IV) in
the defoliation of cotton plants is described. A suspension of a
mixture of 1% calcium cyanamide (V) and 0.6% sodium fluorosilicate
(VI) in water was used as a standard. When the treatment was carried
out in a 0.4 solution of I. defoliation after 10 days attained
95-100%; the standard (0) 94ve 50-61%, When large-scale tests were
carried out with the utilization of crop dunting techniquen and an
application dose of 200 1/ha, 73-76% defoliation was observed.
Card 1/2

USSR/Chemical Technology Chemical Products and TheIr Appl1cation. Festicides,
1-7
Abet Journal: Referat Zhur - Khimiya, No 1, 1957~ 1498
Abstract: Defoliation was observed whe 3-4% solutions of I and 11 as well as
a 0.80 of.III were used. An emulsion of I gave low yields. Treat-
ment with S (a 15% solution of V to which 5$ VI was added) gave de-
foliation of 59-71%. When the testa were carriea out auring perlode
of severe chilling, I alone (~exe satisfactory results. I also gives
satisfactory results when the applIcation doue is reduced to 100 1/ha,
IlIsometimes produces severe burns on the leaves, bolls, and petals.
Card 2/2

B138/BI02
AUTHORSt ZavIyalov, A. P., Istomina, A.-G., Markelov, V. V.
TITLEs Apparatus for the measurement of tritium oxides,
PERIODICALt Referativnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no. 24o ig6i, 172, abstract
24ye45 (Med. radiologiya, Y. 5, no. 12, 196o, 57 - 6o)
TEXTa I description is given of a scintillation device based on standard
apparatus, by means of which the specific activity of tritium oxides can
be recorded up to 1.10-9 counts per mIj and, with some modification, up
tonji-10- 10 counts per ml. A bl .ock-diagram is given and the transmitting
element is described. Specimens can be exchanged very rapidly and a
minimum amount of time is required to restore the photomultiplier to its
working level. The scintillator is a solution of 41; g paraterphenyl
and 0-05 - 0-01 9 WOR (POPOP) (1-4-di- L2-0-oxazo )3-benzene) in 1 1
scintillation toluene or scintillation dioxane. The sensitivity of the
device and methods of increasing it are considered. ~bstracterls note:
Complete translation]
Card 1/1
U

SOV/142--58-5-8/23
AUTHORs A.S.
TITLES Dielectric. PermettiviVy,,.of 4 Grid of Thin Conducting Strips
PERIODICAL i izvestiya. vysshilch uebobnykh x&Yedonly.- radioteldinika, 1958, Nr 5,
pp 073-578 (USSR),
AMSMACTI The author presents a now motood of calculating the dielectric
shielding factor of o6rtifir-W-dieloctrics. The method is used for
the calculation of grids of con4uc~ing strips* For the calculation,
the capacitance ofsome equtva~eat condenser with heterogenity can
be brought in. The results of this calculation completely coincide
,with the results found by experipients, which are given in (Ref.2).
The method is used in case the transverse measures of the elements,
which consist of artificial dielectricat are much smaller than the
longitude of the waves. The ar~iclo in recommended by the Kafedra
radiofiziki Tomskogo gasuderstvennogo universiteta imeni V.V. Kuy-
byaheva '(Chair if Radio-Physics at the Tomsk State Universi-
ty imeni V.V. Kuybyshev). There are 5 figures, I graph) 26 equa-
Card 1/2 tiono and 5 English references.

4
DielObtric Femettivity
SUDMITTEDs March 24, 1058
Card 2/2
SOV/142--58-5-8/23
of a Grid of Thin Ponducting Strips

ZAVOYALOV,, A.SO; HIRONOV, V.L.
DIspersive features of a ribbod vlot-type delay m7otem. Izv. rfo. uchob,
zeCvo; radiotekh, 6 no*1:52-58 J&P-P 163. (MIRA 160)
1e Rekomendovana Laboratorlyey radlofiziki Sibirskogo fiziko-tekbnl-
cheokogo instituta pri Tomskom gosudarstvennom univeraitet imeni
V.V.Xuybysbova.
(Delay lineo)

1-4

IN V-Z

v"4

'90) SOV/142-58-6-6/20
AUTHOR: Zavlyalov, A.S.
TITLE: The Dielectric Permeability of a Tetragonal Lat-
tice of Conducting Discs (Die)ektricheakaya pro-
nitsayemost' totrafronallnoy resh6tki provodyash-
chikh diskov)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy - Radiotekh-
nika, 1958, Nr 6, pp 669-675 (USSR)
ABSTRAOT:
Card 1/3
In the article an oxpresnion is dorivod for tho
.effective dielecUln permeability of a tetragonal,
lattice of thin conducting discs, in the case of
dense packing of the discs in~ the lattice. The au-
thor states that dense packing of the discs - where
the distance between them is less than their diam-
eter - requires tot consideration be taken of in-
teraction of highe'r orders than simple dipole' inter-
action~ Computation of the effective dielectric
permeability of a tetragonal lattice of discs by
means of the molecular theory of dielectrics can be
accomplished in a somewhat different formulation.

BOY/142-58-6-6/20
The Dielectric Permeability of a Tetragonal Lattice of Conduct-
ing Discs
The lattice can be considered as a lattice of
cylinders, composed of the discs. The author
oommenceo with computation of the dielectric perme-
ability of a rectangular lattice of cylinders, and
thence derives the expression for the relative di
e-lectric-permeability-(eq 22). -The results of the
above computations were compared with the work of
M.M.L. Kharadly and W. Jackson ZRef g, and good
coincidence of the computed and experimentally ob-
tained curves was observed with dense packing of
the discs. The author attributes observed die-
crepancies to the presence of multipole interac-
tion between cylinders. Evaluation of multi-pole
interaction for a lattice of continuous metallic
cylinders leads to another expression (eq 23), a
modified form of eq R2, Computation according to
~q 23 leads to better coincidence of the oomputed
Card 2/3

SOV142-58-6-6120
The Dielectric Permeability of a Tetragonal Lattice of Conduct-
ing Discs
and experimental valuen. This article was recom-
mended by the Kafedra radiofiziki Tomskogo gopix-
darstvennogo universiteta Chair of Radio-
Physics of the Tomsk State University). There are
3 diagrams, 2 graphB and 3 references, 1 of which
is Soviet and 2 English.
SUBMITTED., March 24, 1958
Card 3/3

9,1300
AUTHOR;
S/194/62/000/005/104/157
D230/1)1308
TITLEt Slow electromagnetic waves in a ridged structure
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhiirnal. Avtomatika i radioelektronikat
no. 5, 1962, 21, abstract 5zh152 (Tr. Sibirsk. fiz.-
tekhn. in-ta, pri Tomakom un-te, 1960# no. )9t 3-17)
TEXT: A study of the propagation of e.n. wave 8 Ili a system consis-
ting of two parallel plates, one of which has ri$F_'of11ni'te Thick-
noes. The dispersion equation of the system is optained by defiri-
tion of the electric potential distribution at toe input of the
Croove. It is shown that-tho use of an approxiwate boundary condi-
tion eor the electric potentialf simplifies considerably the prob-
lem of finding the dispersion equation by the fiola-joining method.
Two special oaoea are considered: 1) Corrugated waveguide with a
Bmall Lap between ihe plane wall and ridges# 2) open-type oydtem
of ourface waves. The dispersion curves for those specia cases are
constructed by the method of successive approximations. tAbstrac-
tor's note: Complete translation).
Card 1/1

ZAVIYALOV, A.S. (Hookovskeye oblaut')
Treatment of gonorrhea in man with psuid1lin end with the patteatle
own blood, Yeatoveno i 4erx. 30 no.2:49-50 Xi-Ap 056. (MIRA 917)
(CONORRM) (PBUICILLIN)

ZAVIYALOV. A4.. podpolkovnik meditsinakoy slushby
Treating pyodarmia by Intracutaneoun pealcIllin and novocatas
injectione into hyperalgesic aroma, Toetio-sedeishfarv no*10172-73
0 056. WRA 10:3)
(SKIN-DISIVASES) (pBuicrum) (Yovourm)

Calculation of delay systems with finite width. 1,-v. vys. ucheb.
?,av.; radlotekh. 6 no.58577-578 M 163. (MIRA 17:1)
1. Rekomandevano Sibirskim fiziko-takhnichookim inotitutom
pri Tomskom goai4darstvennom universitate imeni V.V. Kuybysheva.
--- --------- -

I W 0 -a 0 0. 0 0 0-44-94-0-
X ),7. U lit .4 14
0o C K_ tj
4!
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so,
0 1r
and Z. N, Kr&%WOKhikav. Mecallkof SJ
A,Tt Zaf:r4k
- Mov..-MM; Af#*. Abstracts "ick Jfrkli &
4, Alloy"
M
Ainj were inv"ticated during heating in an WAhermAl
m4um. Ilk-roomilyxiA and dilateanctric %twlics show
that the Art and Ats P(Ants depend not tmly UFAM thr
Ct"pn.. but aim) t1pon tf)-. rate o( histing In the intcreric.
IrA). Intrf Val ffor Art) slid in the mlicrit. temp. interval
for The lowrt the rate of htating lit The InferqiI -
And fuhcrit. temp intervah the lower will he ttm Fxwidong
of 4e, and Art, reip. It Ificre fire any catbid" pre*tnl,
Ihdr CT)t. temp. Of MAn. Will he affected. fWK only by the
nit of heating but also by the diVersion of the carbideq.
Iftitting abow tbh "crit." 1
cluitigm in tlw phyfirmhem, prope-rfiim Df the steel 000
I Ste.
Se
vbt the Increi-941 Alaftiliff C4 lbr suslenite, Which i
Xf *In Ort the CM111hirs have
10 1 c rapid grovill III the
divwAvvA and tht tiftovipti. cratcri III thr sustenite havc
di*4 rrd. C. L. H. A 0
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'Atridatlas of rml A. S. Zav'yalov. Ru". M.4.m.

-temp. and then subjec-d to nit"tion at the temp. of the
hi
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Rv
-----I.dIPY-ALOVs A, -.S..
"On the Theox7 of Alloying and Heat Treabrent of SteelB,," TsNII 190.

Zkv t'YAl-"';VA
irorl carbide alloYs," T
zavIyalov, A. "Flha3c fjif"-V~7 J~ "I r
-'j ~ j
Tsontr. nauch.-Ionled , In "a
P, 3-9 1311)1147411 5 ltr,"5,
53 Nc . 51 1949) .
1,6 Jimo p (L top!, Zlinirmil. In

21752. ZAV,Y,%Lg, Kinet-4kar i melch-r.47m y--,revrazhc!-.eniya at:sttnita.
V. SN Froblet-Cir koniAruktaionnoy otiih, "I.L., 19119, S. 23-/J.
0 L-,tof,,is'Zhilrzia-llnylh Stat.ty, No. 29, Moskva, 1949

ZAV I TAWI, A. S.
ZAVI'Yalovs Ali, S. - "Supersaturated ferrite in iron-carbide alloys.0 Sbornik nauch.-
tekhn. rabot (Veesoym. nauch. inzb.-tekbn. o-vo motallurgov, leniW. otd-nt",
Issue 11, 1949. p. 93-n5
SO: U-520t 17* Doe, 53t (latopis 'Zhurnal Inykh Statsys, NO* 251, 1949).

LAVIIA101, A. S.
Italmr Ae- diagrams for the harden-Ing of iron carbide alloys,*
(With an editorial note), Sbornik nauch.,tekhn. rabot (Vaeaoyuz. nauch. inzh.-takhn,
o-vo matallurgort Laningr. ots-niys), Isnue 1. 1910, p. 148-61
SO: U-520, 17, Deo._'53, (latopis 'Zhurnal Inykh Statey, No. 25, 1949).

-,eHASE I TREASURE ISLAND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REPORT AID 349 1
BOOK
Author: ZAVIYALOV, A.
Full Title: PROCESSES
MT TREATMENT
Transliterated Title:
Call No.: TN672.V8
S.
OF SOLUTION AND SEPARATION OF CARBIDES AT
OF STRUCTURAL STEELS.
0 proteessakh rastvoreniya i obosoblenlya
karbidov pri termicheskoy obrabotke
konstruktsionnykh staley
Publishing Data
Originating Agency: All-Union Scientific Engineering and Technical
Society of Machine Builders. Urals Branch
Publishing House: State Scientific and Technical Publishin House
of Machine Building Literature ("Mashgiz
Date: 1950 No. pp.: 12 No. of copies: 3,000
Text Data
This in an article from the book: VSESOYUZNOYE NAUCHNOYE INZHENERNO-
TEKHNICHESKOYE OBSHCHESTV0 MASHINOSTROITELEY. URALISKOYE OTDELENIYE,
THERMAL TREATMENT OF METALS - Symposium of Conference (Termicheskaya
obrabotka metallovo materialy konferentsii) (P-178-189)j see AID 223-dl
Coverage: The significance of the processes of solution and separation
of carbides on the physico-mechanical properties of alloyed
steel is discussed and different experimental processes
are described.
1/3

0 protseasakh rastvorenlya I obooobleniya karbidov AID 349 1
pri termicheskoy obrabotke konstruktoionnykb otaley
Experimental difficulties in separation of carbides by con-
ventional methods caused inconsistancee in the results ob--
tained by many investigators (Kurdyumov, Kishkin, Isaychev,
Arbuzov and others). The author and his associates
(Ye. Ya. Poley, T. V. Piradyan and Ya. Ye. Golldshteyn) ex-
perimented with different alloyed steels melted In the
induction furnace, farged and machined to the standard sizei
of the specimen: -14 mm dia. x 52 mm length. The results
of the tests and the computed analysis of steels subjected
to systematically changed thermal treatment at various
temperatures are assembled in three tables.
In discussion, the author mentions two main groups of alloyee,
steels with and without carbide forming elements. Moreoverl
the complex and non-uniform carbides are found to contain
iron and alloying elements in different proportion depending
upon the temperature of treatment. The effects of molybdenum,
chromium, tungsten, titanium, niobium, etc. on tempering and
characteristics are also discussed.
The complex carbide is found to be not in a chemical compound
bound by definite stoichiometric correlation, but is the
2/3

protsessakh rastvoreniya I obosobleniya karbidov AID 349 1
pri termicheskoy obrabotke konstruktsionnykh staley
representation of the Inserted solid solution, the lattice of
which is formed by all elements of the composition. Further-
more, atoms of one element may be substituted for by atoms
of another element with change of temperature and duration
of treatment.
The mechanism of the formation of solid solution is explained
as the concentration of large number of carbon atbms, as a
result or which Increased inner pressure causes a rearrange-
ment of the atoms. The process of solution of carbide is
'ex lained as the diffusion of carbon from the carbideahase
into, surrounding medium and by the reconstruction of oms
into lattice of iron.
The presented study is not completed yet and its results are
considered as only of preliminary nature. 5 tables.
Purpose: M, scientific workers
Facilities: None
'No. of Russian and Slavic References: None
Available: Library of Congress.
3/3

ZAv kMV. A. S.
jj0Cjunjrm nnd kinetics Of Rustenite, transforrAtion in ferro-carbon alloys. Zhur- tekhe
fit, 22v No, 19 1952,
reust May 1952, U11CIAssri. IED.
List Russian &c8slslonst Library of Cong
4 -AP IRM
k7A ~ Eff

ZAVIYATZVI A. 50
ffDiscilsaion: Answor to G. V. Kurdyu:.aOv,lf ZhTFO 22, Ilo. 1, Lp 172-174, 1952.

,~on
Feb 53:
Iron-Carbon
Phase Transf rmations
Du
"On the ilate of Carbon Diffusion During Phase
J!
ron Alloys,'Q'A. S. Zav'yalov
:S _Z
fa tions in I
zh,_,,- Telih piz, Vol 23, No :2,pp 47-251
P 47
~b
2't
Experimentally establishes that rate of C diffus
ces of hu=1_rcdth:S
dis
at phase transformations to di
of- = exceeds considerably, r bundreds and evens
thmsands times, rate of C dif ion to greater 4~
if i
or
distances,, of,one or several. order, in swch
processes as cementation. AS Le that analogica~
ph-enome-non T=t be observed in;m other alloys ii
which solvent and dissolved eli= nt form solid sa~
of implanta-tion.

call Kr, AF 1142965
AIMOR: Bee Table of Contents
Met&'Uograpby.' (Metallovedenlye)o Collected Articles
-(Sbornik statey)
1174. DATA: Gosudarstvennoye soymnoye izdatellstyo sudoetroitellnoy prmW-
shlennosti, Leningrad., 1957., 266 py.p 4,000 copies,
MG. AGENCY: None
F-I'MOR: Ed--in-Chief: Zavlyalov, A. go, Doctor oflech. Sc..,_Profemsor,
Ed.: Ed.: Bblrokov, P. D.
PUPYOSR: The articles contained in this collectlon vere vritten for
specialists in metallography, to acquaint then vith the lattat
CME-RAGE: Thehe 16 papers represent Sorijet contributions* For coverage and
references-ace Table of Codgents.
Card 1/6
-P

cau-Rr: AP 13.42965
Melvallography. Collected Articles (Cont.)
OF CONTENTS
Pashkov, P. 0., Doctor of Tach& Sej, Pxvfassor, Bratukbina,, V.A.,
Ejagr,' Strueture.and Brittleness of Steel 3
There am 23 references, 19 of vhich are Russian,
Nem&iisld,y$ A* Lt, Candidate of Tech# Be. Experi-
izental Study on the Formatitm-6f Cracks Durlng
1T
There are T ref-prences, 5'or vhich are Russian,
Inglish.
Nemehinskly,A. L., Candidate of Tech* Be# Resistance
of Steel to Cracking During-quenching 42
There ara 29 references, 23 of:vhich are Russian..
.6 English.
I. L., Candidate of Tech,, Be. static
shimelevich
r ax-1, 2/ 6 81tresa Fatigu'a Tests an Notch*& Speoinew 0 0 70

Call Nrs AF n42963
Metallograpby. Collected Articles (Coat.)
There we 5 references., 4 of which we Russionp 1 German,
ShimelevIch.. I. L.,, Candidate of iech. Be. went of
Cracking in Steel Sheets Due to Internal Stresscs . . . 81
There am 14 references,, 10 of which an Russian,,
3 English, and 1 German.
Shurakov., S. Ses-Candidate of Tech. go. Yield Strensih,
of Tempered Steel"iwa Temporal Function'of the Load 100
There are 3T ref4irenjesp 28 of which a" Rusian,,
q Anglish.
Zarly4lov, A. S Dbetor of Tech, Be., Professor,
Golldebteyn,, L. Y&., Engr.j. Senchenko, M. Is Nature
of,Tempering (Heat) Ibbrittlement . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Card 3/6 There are 12 references, all Russione

Call Nro JAY 1142965
Metallographyo Collected Articles (Cont.)
Gqrynin I' V.0 Candidate of Tech. Be. Effect of
0 1
Hardeningir Low-Carbon Steel-H
nbrIttlement 145
.
There are7r-oferences, 8 of iehich "a Ruxeiano 1 Inglish)
1 German.
I V.., Candidate of Techo Be* Effect of Work
Hardening on Cold Deformed Lov-Carbon Steel 155
There are 5 references, all Russians
Pasbkov, P. 0... Doctor of Tech. Be... Professor. Yield
Strength Limits-and the Creep Are& Uhder Stress 162
111here are 39 referencess 23 of vhich we Russianj, 2
German, 14 English.
Moroz, L. S., Doctor of Tech. Sc., Khesinp Yu. D., Rago,
Mingin, T. E.j Eng., A"A Chem teeovp Vc. I*, Mmgm. Yield
P Of Titazd 175
There are'18 references., 13 of vbIch are Humalan, 3
C&rd. 416 Englieh, 2 German,

b2l',TM A.-
M ON
MI,
N V

OLU Nrs AF U42965
Metallogrs;by. Collected Articles (Cont.)
Chedbulin., B. B.,, Candidate of Tech. Be., und
Syshchikayj V. I.p Mg" Cycle Stress.fatigm Resist-
ance of Titaniun . 1 196
..There are 11 referencesi 3 of which are Russian,,
8 English.
Zavlyalov, A. B., Doctor of Tech. So#, Professor,,
Bruk, B..I.p Candidate of Tech. So. X-ray Tests of
Carbon Distribution in Ferro-Alloys 206
There are 26 referenges, sal Russian.
:Zavlyalov,. So A., Doctor crf Tech. Be., Professor,
Faler" E. Ya., Ebg. Structural Steel Carbide Types
and Their Pcirmation and Solution Processes 220
There are 12 references,, 11 of which are Russian,
1
Kaptyug, 1. S., Candidate of Tech. So. Laminated
Card 516 Woody Fractures in Steel . . . . #4 0 0 253
7=7

Metallogra;hy. :Collected Articles (Cont.) Can Nrs AF LL42965
There are 22 references, 19 of which are Russian,
2 German., I Raglish.
Andreyev, I. A., Profemsor, Polin, L' V., Candidate
of Tech. So. Vacum Steel Pouring Practice 2"
Tbjere are no references.
AVAITABLE: Libr=7 of Congress
616

137-58-4-8147
Translation from, Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 4, p 255 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Zavlyalov, A.S., Golldshteyn, L.Ya., Senchenko, M. I.
TITLE., The Nature of Temper (Heat) Brittleness [0 prirode otpusknoy
(teplovoy) khrupkosti j
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Meta llovedeniye. Leningrad, Sudpromgiz, 1957,
pp 127-144
ABSTRACT: As a supplement to the hypothesis of one of the authors
(Zavlyalov, "On the Theory of the Alloying and the Heat Treat-
ment of Steel, " TsNII NKTP,, 1943) to the effect that temper
brittleness (TB) is induced by the appearance of particles of
precipitated phases on the boundaries of what had previously
been austenite grains, it is postulated that the enrichment of
such surfaces in the tempering process by certain elements dis-
solved in Fe increases the . ~7, and diminishes the resistance of
these zones to fracture, and this leads to the appearance of TB.
This explains the high temperature of TB of high-phosphorus
steels,, while the absence of carbide particles (K) along the
boundaries of the former austenite grains is-explained by the
Card 1/2 mutual dislodging of P and C. In TB due to K precipitintion, TB

137-58-4-8147
The Nature of Temper (Heat) Brittlene,ss
maximums are observed after low-temperature tempering over specific ex-
tended periods of time. This is occasioned by the simultaneous processes of
precipitation of new particles of K due to the C supersaturating the ferrite
and to the dissolution of fine precipitates within the grain rind the fact that
they come down on the boundaries, which increases the TB, and the proces-
ses of K coagulation along the grain boundaries, which decreases it. The
mechanism of K redistribution is confirmed by the electron microscope and
the electron diffraction camera. Reduction in TB when the duration of pre-
tempering over 6000 is increased is explained by reduction in the supcrsat-
uration of the ferrite by C, coagulation of small K, and enrichment thereof
by alloying elements, thereby increasing their resistance to dissolution.
See also RzhMet, 1957, Nr 10, abstract 20085.
A.K.
1. Stee.1--Brittleness--Analysis 2. Steel--Mechanical properties--Effects
of heat-treatment
Ca rd 2/2

Z,4 V 'Y4 -to V,
137-58-1-1967
r n9 Atian
Uctallurviya,
AUTHORS: Zaviyalov.A. 5'. Bruk, B.
r-A
TITLE: Radiographic Investigation of the Distribution of Carbon in Iron
Alloys (Radiograficheskoye issledovan'iye raspredeleniya -igleroda
v zhcleznykh splavakh)
PERIODICAL: V sb. : Metallovedeniye, Leningrad , Sudprorngiz. 1957,
pp 206-219
ABSTRACT:. The results of an investigation of the distribution of small
amounts of C in Fe alloys by autoradiography employing radio-
active C14 are presented. The following was the percentage
content of the alloys: C 0.003-0.05;. Cr 0.08-4.6; Ni 0-4;
Mn 0-6.3; Si 0,10-4.4; Mo 0-12.5. Radioactive C is introduced
in the form of BaC03 by cementation at 9700 C. Grade MR NIKFI
nucleonics film, permitting 100x enlargement, was exposed. A
calculation is presented showing that a 10-day exposure for the
purpose of obtaining an unmistakable spot in the e!pulsion will be
successful with a- localized segment containins Cl of about 104
interatomic distances. The minimum thickness of the layer of
-_qard I/Z steel enriched by C14 should be about 500 interatomic distances.

137-58-1-1967
Radiographic Investigation of the Distribution of Carbon In Iron Alloys
The nature of the interrelation between the distribution of C on the various
conditions of heat treatment and various contents of alloying substances is
established: a) if the percentage of alloying and carbide-forming elements and
C at a given temperature of heating does not exceed their saturation solubility
in Fe, then the C and the inclusions spread relatively uniformly throughout the
volume of the grain. The process of redistribution of C in the direction of en-'
riching the grain boundaries is impaired; b) if the concentration of carbide
* b ' d -es will be-
formers exceeds their maximum.soltibil-ity in Fe, the grain otkn ari
come enriched by these elements, and cpnsequently by C as well; C) if the
concentration of non -carbide -forming elements does not exceed their solubility
in Fe, their will undergo uniform distribution throughout the volume of the grain
and will fa~cilitate an increase in.Cat the boundaries; d) if the concentration of
non- carbide -forming elements exceeds their solubility in Fe, the grain boundaries
will gain therein and will lose C. Bibliography: 26 references,. .
V.G.
-1. AIloys-4arbon distribution 2. Alloys-Iron distributiom 31 itsdi.
09i'altv-4pplicat.ions

137-58-3-5859
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 3, p 199 (USSR)
AUTHORS:, Zavlyalov, A.S., Paley, Ye. Ya.
TITLE- Types of Carbides in Structural Steels and Processes of Their
Formation and Dissolution (Tipy karbidov konstruktsionnykh
staley i protsessy ikh obrazovaniya i rastvoreniya)
PERIODICAL: V sb. , Meta.1lovedeniye. Leningrad, Sudpromgiz, 1957,
pp 220-252
ABSTRACT:' The processes of formation and dissolution of carbides in
structural steels alloyed with Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, Ti, and Nb
were investigated. Steel samples, which have been tempered
and annealed at different temperatures, were subjected to anodic
dissolution in an electrolyte containing 3 percent Fe SO )
I percent NaCl, and 0.2 percent of Rochelle salt. ~Ie X`r~ide
powders precipitated were investigated by means of chemical
and X-ray analyses. Types of carbides, as well as temperatures
of their formation and dissolution, were established. ILis shown
that in certain sWels the Oe phaBe is supersaturated with C even
at annealing temperatures arotind 700'C. The carbides formed
Card 1/2 in the process of stepwise annealing are of the same type as

137-58-3-5859
Types of Carbides in Structural Steels (Cont.
those fornie-d. in standard annealing proces4es,but are richer in carbide
forming elements. .The process and the mechanism ot formation and klis-
solution of carbides is described.
V.G.
Card Z/Z

AUMOR: Zavtyalov, A.S., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof.,
-Go1raMtFYH_j-L*Ya., Engineer, and Senchenko, M,I.,
Engineer., 129-4-5/17
TITLE: On the problem of temper (thermal) brittleness. (0
prirode otpuskaoy (teplovoy) khrupkosti).
PS RIODICAL: IrMetallovedenie i Obrabotka Metallov" (Metallurgy and
KOM Treatment) 1957, No. 4, pp. 21 30 (U.S.S.R.).
ABSTRACT: On the basis of tests carried out the authors estab-
lished that the temper (thermal) brittleness is due to
enrichment of the boundary zones of what were previously
austenite grains by various admixtureb; some of the ad-
mixtures in the boundea-y zones are present in the form
of isolated phases as, for instance, carbon in the form
of carbides whilBt others are present in the dissolved
state (for Instance, P, however, in the case of high P
contents phosphides may form). Diiring enrichment- of the
boundary zones by admixtures a decrease of the breaking
strength of these zones will occur which in many cases is
accompanied by an increase of the yield point. As a
xesult of this there will be an increase in the critical
temperature of the brittleness of these zones which will
bring about brittle fracture of the metal along the boun-
dary zones. If the brittle fracture is not along the
Card 1/4

dim
On the problem of temper (thermal) brittleness. (Cont.)
129-4-5/17
boundoxies but along other zones of the grain, it is an
indication-that these zones were enriched by admixtares
which increase the critical brittleness temperature of
these zones. Enrichment of the boundary zones by some
admixtures may involve a reduction of other admixtures
in these zones; for instance, enrichment with P will
bring about an impoverishment in C. The fwaamental
factors which bring about an enrichment of the grain bound-
aries, with admixtures are the following: content of ad-
mixtures in the steel above its limit of solubility in the
ferrite; over-saturation of the ferrite with admixtures-,
simultaneous foxmation and dissolution of chemical com-
pounds of admixtures, for instance simultaneous disso-
lution of carbides. All the factors which bring about an
increase in the stability of the carbides at a given temp-
eraturs reduce the tendency of embrittlement of the steel
at that temperature as a result of enrichment of the boun-
dary zones with carbon; such effects are particularly
manifest for those carbide forming elements for which the
temperature of considerable enrichment of the carbides is
above the temperature zone which is of interest. All the
Card 2/4
MR"
P~

On the problem of temper (thermal) brittleness. (Cont.)
129-4-5/17
factors wbich'bring abcnit a uniform distribution of the
admixtures throughout the grain reduce the brittlenoss of
the steel and the tendency of the steel to develo brittle
fractures along the grain boundaries. Theso conclusione
are based on earlier work of tho authors (5 6j 90 10), on
literary data and on experiments which are Aescribed in
this pape r. In the so j the beha*ur of two malts of Or-Mo
steel with various P contents were investigatedg the comp-
ositions of which were as followst 0.4W., C, 0.28% Big
0.42% Mn, 0.031% S, 0.028% P, 3.03% Cr.and 0.46% Mo;
0.39% 01 .0.247, Sig 0.49% Mn, 0.031% S, 0-097% P 2.87% Or
and 0.41% Mo. The f ol1owing he8t treatment re~lmes were
applied; heating to Ac + 40 0, quenching in oil,
tempering at 650 Or, -for Nn hours followed by quenching in
water; Dame heat trea-~ment with the differgnee that after
tempering the specimens werg cooled to 300 'C in the
furnace with a speed of 20 C/hr. The results if impact
tests axe plotted in Fig, 3, p. 24 and these show that the
P content has a very pronounced influence on the tendency
of the steel to develop temper brittleness. Electron
microscopic investigations enabled to establish interesting
features of, the distribution of carbides in high P content
Card 3/4 stools aftor hardening and high temperature tempering. It

On the problem of temper (thermal brittleness* (Cont
4,- 17
was found that P and 0 have the tendency of SIAM g eac
'No 1,
other out. Micro-photos are included for Cr-Ni-Mo high P
content steel (X 1500), of the surface layer of a P satur-
ated carbon steel (X 75) and of titanium pre arations of
Cr-Ni-Mo steel (X 11000) and also eleotron diffraction
pictures of carbides Cr-Ni-Mo steel.
There are 7 tables, ? figures (graphs and photos) and 10
Slavic references.
AVAIIABIX:
Card 4/4

AUTHORS: Zav'yalov, A.S. and Brvk, B. 1. 126-1-19/40
TITLE: Radiographic investi ation of the distribution of carbon
in ferrous alloys. Nadiograficheskoye issledovaniye
raspredeleniya ugleroda v zheleznykh splavakh).
IrERIODICAL: Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye, 1957, Vol-5, No.1,
Pp-*'127-136 (US SR)
ABSTRACT: The problem of the distribution of alloying. elements,
particularly of carbon in the microscopic zones of
a and y-solid solutions of ferrous alloys, has so far
not been solved satisfactorily from the experimental
point of view. The nonuniform distribution of individual
elements in the microstructure is coiisidered as being of
decisive importance from the point of view of the
behaviour of metallic alloys. Numerous metallurgists
accept the hypothesis of V. 1. Arkha--ov who assumes that
in polycrystalline aggregates the Gibbs surface effect
extends to layers of a thielmess of many atoms; according
to this hypothesis, the surface layerB of a crystallite
are enriched by an admixture which is capable of reducing
its free energy and an over-concentration vf--the-
admixture in the alloy is sufficient for forming such
Card 1/4 layers (Refs.1 and 2). In spite of satisfactory inter-

-- --------
126-1 10
Radiographic investigation of the distribution of carbon in
ferrous alloys.
pretation by means of this hypothesis of a number of
phenomena taking place during heat treatment, this
hypothesis has not been experimentally confirmed.
Although mentioned by various authors, the nonuniformity
of the distribution of individual elements inside the
austenite grains has not been confirmed by direct
experiments, In this paper the results are described
of investigations of the distribution of small quantities
of carbon in alloyed ironeffectiq by means of auto-
radiography,usinG radio-active C ~ as a tracer eloment.
The investigations were carried out on six types of
low carbon steels alloyed respectively with Ni, Cri
Me, Mn and Si. the analysds of wh~gh are given in a
table, p.128. The radio-active S L was introduced
by means of carburisation at 970 0 with BaCO7 without
addition of carbon and., therefore, the increage in the
cai-bon content abovo the initial value did not exceed
0,03 to 0.05%. The specimens viere tr8ated r~o as to
obtain coarse grains (annealine at 970 C for 50 houro)
end to detect more clearly the diotribution of the
Card 2/4 carbon inside the individual crystallites. The

-126-1-19/40
Radiographic investigation of the distribution of carbon in
ferrous alloys.
exposures reproduced in the paper have been obtained
after various conditions of heat treatment i e in
the annealed stat in 8he hardened state Zqu; *
e nched in
water from 1200 ~~cl 900 C respectively) and in the
tempered state. On the basis of the established
relations between the carbon distribution at various
heat treatment regimes and the contents of the above
mentioned elements the following can be assumed as
being generally valid:
1. If the concentration of the alloying elements in the
carbon at a given heating temperature does not exceed
the limit solubilities in the iron, the carbon and the
alloying elements will be distributed relatively
uniformly throughout the grain volume.
2, If the concentration of carbide forming elements at
a given heating temperature d19g,nQt exceed the limit
solubility in iron, the elemeA fdYbtributed relatively
uniformly throughout the grain volume and thereby
will slow dovm the process of redistribution of carbon
(enrichment with carbon of the grain boundaries); if
Card 3/4 the concentration of carbide forming elements exceeds

126-1-19/40
Radiographic invet-tigation of thedistribution of carbon in
ferrous alloys.
the limit solubility at the 6iven temperature, the grain
boundaries will become enriched with the respective
elements-and thus also with carbon.
3. If -the concentration of non-carbide forming elements
at a given tem-forature is below the limit solubility,
these elements will distribute relatively uniformly
throughout the grain volume which will bring about a
redistribution of the carbon, nox-.iely, enrichment of the
grain boundaries with carbon; if the concentration of the
non-carbide forming elements exceeds the limit solubility
in iron, the grain boundaries will become enriched with
Card 4/4 these elements andas a result of this,they will combine
with the carbon.
There are 6 figures, 1 table and 9 references, all of
which are Slavic.
SUBMITTED: October 22, 1956.
ASSOCIATION; Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry
for Ship-Building of the U.S.S.R. (Tsentrallnyy Hauchno-
Issledovatel'skiy Institut Ministerstva Sudostroitellnoy
Promyshlennosti SSSR).
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.

/~V YA L
A U 147~~ 1! 0 It ZAVIYALOV A.S.,BHUX B.I., 20-1-~15/54
TITU Dirl~rViii-tIon of Small Qdantltioa of Carbon in Iron Allois.
(11aspre6eleniye malykh kolichestv ugleroda v legirovannom zhelczc.
-Rus;ian)
PE-IRIODICAL Doklady Ak.Nauk SSSR,1957,1701 115,11r 1, PP 94 96 (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTIMCT The problem of distribution of alloyin,- elements,especially of car-
bon,on the microscopic a- and t-section of the solid solution in
iron alloys hav hitherto not found a convincine experimental solation.
In the preoent work this investigati n was performed by autoradio-
graphy and the radioactive isotope C34. Low-carbon iron alloys were
treated,that is chromium,nickel,nilicon- and molybdenum-alloyn ne.
paratoly. C14 was introduced into the alloys be "ounentation"in thu
environment of radioactive barium oarbonate.Sinco no coal was adderl,
the carbon content did not exceed the already existing 0.03-0,05"
The introduction of c14 took place accorling to a scheme given here.
After the proscribed heat-treatment the samples were photograph(:d on
a granular film mark NIXPI,type P11. From the consideration of the
autoradiograms of the annealed alloys there follows a very marked
irregularity of carbon within the area of one grain; it becomes espe-
cially noticeable in Fe-Si and Fo-Mo alloys in which C on the whole
is concentrated at the grain boundaries.Autoradiogramn of alloys
quenched in water from a temperature of 95o, and 12ooO C have a com-
pletely uniform darkening in the enlargement used.Thia indicates that
Card 1/2 no concentration of C took place at the austenitc-grain boandarico

Distribution of Small Quantities of Carbon in Iron Alloys. 20-1-.25/54
(in Fe-rur and Fe-Ni) and at the ferrite-Z;rain boundaries(ir,
and Fe-14o). Thus the process of 0-concentration,idontical with r(~-
gard to its radiot-;,raphic action,at the boundaries of ferrito-~;rainB
in the Fe-Si and in the Fe-..o alloys is of different riatures In Fe-1-3i
the C is disDlaced to the grain boundaries by the silicon cvunly
distributed in the iron.1n the Fe-11o alloys with 12-%j' llo,hovever,
C diffunes towards the grain boundaries becauce of tho irolati--i of
the excess phase at these boundaries which is enriched with Molyh-
denum.
(4 illustrationn,1 table,O Slavic references).
ASSOCIATIo Tsentralinyy nduchtio-iseledovatellskiy inatitut, 141nisterstva S~dostroltr,-llnoy
proqrshlonnosti SSSR.
PR1-',SE1.,11ED BY XURDYMOV G.V.,Llember of the Acadc,2yj Januaiy 10, 1957
SU31"ITTED
AVAILABLE Library of Congr038.
Card 2/2

-YALOVI-A, So
-ZAV
"A Study on Re-Distribution of I ent:3 in Iletal Anoys and Wold JoInts by
Radiography and Radiometi-y". by B* Y. Bruk, A. S. Zavryalov, G. I. Kapyrtn
Report presented at 2nd UT.1 Atoms-for-Pence Conference, Geneva, 9-13 Sept 1958
A-

1 9'711-0
7A-VI Mov A.S. (LmLn d)
------------
-of' 6A!31tLcn slemmt
j?egulari ties and Pa LU7-0 Of IMI V f fe tv s on
-LI.he polymorphism of iron. lzit. All Het. i grr. delo
r,.o.2tg,!-96 -mr-Ap'6/+ (MTRA Vs8)

AC=3ION XRJ Ap4o4o986 S/0279/64/000/003/0150/0144
AUTHMS i ZavIyaloyt Ae Be (Loningrad)i Sandomirokiyj U# M, (Loningrad)
TITLEt The influence of rare earth elements on the composition of steel
SOURCE:1 AN SSSR. Izvestiya. Metallurgiya i gornoye deloy no* 3# 19641 130-144
TOPIC TAGSs rare earth alemontp lenthanumf oariump prafjoodymiump noodymiump iron
alloyl thermal working, carbide-forming element
ABSTRACT# The authors studied the effooto of the rare earth alemontut (lanthanuml
cerium# praooodymium and neodymium) on the phase trannformation and carbide forma-
tion in alloys of iron. For this purpone, casts were made of ateela with various
compositions. After forging and rolling the ingotat specimens were prepared and
subjected to various forms of thermal treatment. They woro then treated in
electrolytic solutions. Finally$ the specimens were subjected to chemical and x-ray'
analynea. The results of the experiments showed that the rare earth elements in
alloys of steel did not form carbides, On the contraryp they displaced the carbons
from zones of its high concentration. Rare earth elements narrowed down the range:
of gumma, iron* During surface saturation of the alloy by non-carbide-forming
elomontot carbon was removed from the surface zone to deeper zones. During oatura--
-tion by carbide-forming olementep when the temperature of carbide formation was
'tard 1/2

A_

ZAVITALOV, A4., prof., dcktor tekhn-nauk; BM, D,Is, karA,takhnensuk
Regglarities of IntercrystaUlas distribution of elements in
metal alloys. Ketallovedeale-2:35-52 .136 (RDA 130)
(Alloys -,Hotallograp]W) (OL78tAl Uttices)
6~
14

GOLIDSUA711, L-Ta., inzho; profs, doktor tekhn.nauk;
STOTANOT, P.A., kandotekhmnaidc
Characteristics of the fine structure of Intercryatanite zones
in the state.of-tempgr brittIvueses Retallovedenie Zg53-64 !58.
VIRA 13:9)
(Steel, Strudtural-Ketallogra*.y) (Crystal lattices)
M~-
Z

MVI TALOV, - A; SO 0 prof doktor - tekhn. nauk; SUCEMIKO, K., 1* 0 Inzhe
-Processes occurring during the -tempering of alloyed stsele.
Ketallovedenis 2:82-103 ~58. (KIRU3:9)
(Steel alloya-Metallography) (Tempering)

ZAVIYAL07, A.S., prof*,, doktar tekbu-nouk
---------------
lKartensite and rartennite trawformtlons. Ketall*vedsaic 2:135-157
~'58. (KIRA 13:9)
(Martensite) (Phase rule and equilibrium)
IM
N
-'~MV~t TIN

'zt9V'Y'qi-0V 4. -s'-,
18M FHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATIOR SOV11838
Metallovedeniye; sbornik statey,, [vyp'] 2 (Study of Metals; Collection of Articles,
[Nrl~2) [Leningrad] Sudpromgiz, 1;58. 265 p. 4,000 copies printed.
Reap. Ed,: Me Kapyrin, Candidate of Technical Sciences; Ed.: Yes A, Krugova;
Te*h. Ed.: K.M. Volchok,
PMJ?OSE: This book is intended for metallurgists and metallurgical engineers,
COVERAGE: This is the second volume of collected 8~ientific papers dealing with
various problems in physical metallurgy,, particularly In mechanical metallurgy
and metallography, Topics covered include kydrogen embrittlementp intra-
gramilar distribution of elements in alloys,, effect of tempering on carbon
redistribution, use of tritiun to investigate certain phenomena in metals,
effect of certain alloying elements on temper brittleness and hardenability of
steel,-strength of notched specimens of brittle steel, effect of strain hardening
on the properties of an ftlumlit- alloy, etc, The articles are concerned mainly
vith various types of steel, thou4oi some deal with nonferrous alloys.
Card 1/23

Study of metals (Cont.
during deformation by, the app lication of external foAes,, leading
to local ruptures,, or cracks
Zav)ralov A.S,O Doctor of Technical Sciences., Professori and B.1, Bruk,
Technical Sciences# Regularities in the intragranular
Distribution of Elemette in MotaUic Alloys 35
-----.,-Authors' conclusions (in part), (1) if at a given temperature the
cG-Tent of-an-element-does-not exceed the limit of solubility In the
metal eolvent., this element lis distilbuted-fairly-un1fOrinly thr0u&-
out the crystal, exhibiting no preferred concentration In
pheral or internal zones of the crystal. (2) If the content of the
element lo above the solubility limit, the excess quantity of the
element wil.1 be concentrated along the t3raln boundaries,, either as
a phase rich In theparticular element or In a structurally free
state# Changes in temperature will resat In redistribution of the
element,, depending on Its 'solubility at the given temperature.
Card

Study Of metals (Cont.) SO'1/1638
(3) in supersaturated (e.g. quenched) solid solutions,, phases rich
in dissolved elmaento may,, on being heated (as in tempering))separate
out fairly uniformly throuatiout the crystali later., however, these
phases migrate to the grain boundiuleo or form smaller, structurally
free units, (4) In a one-phase alloy in which a new phase in on the
point of separating out because of temperature changes or concentration
conditions, those components in which the new phase is rich ( in com-
parison with the original phase) will be concentrated along the grain
boundaries or the boundaries of smaller structural units (e.g. I'moonic
blocks"). (5) The presence of certain elenents ^An the alloy affects
the intragranular distribution of others. (6) The tendency of the
components of allo-ils to coDeentrate along the grain boundaries or, on
the contrary, to diffuse avay from the periphery towaids the central
part of the crystal is determined , not by any constant property of the
given element in relation to its solvent but by (a) the relationship
between the concentrations of the components at a given temperature
(these relationships being determinable with the aid of a constitution
diagram) and (b) the difference in the strength of the bonds between
the elements forming the alloy (when the alloy is composed of more than
three elements).
Card 4/23

Study of Metals (Cont.) SOV/1838
Golidshtoyn,, L. Yat, Engineer; A.S. Zaviyalay, Doctor of Technical Selencess
Professor; and P.A. Stoyanovf Cin_dMtie_c~Mchnical Sciences, Charac-
teristics of the Fine structure of the intergranular Zones of
Structural Steel Affected by Temper Brittleness 53
Authorst conclusions: (1) Electron diffraction study appears to be
effective means of revealing the difference In the crystal structure
of carbides situated. on the fracture surface of brittle and tou&lh
steel. (2) Carbides situated on the grain boundaries of brittle steel
have a structure made up of relatively perfect crystals. (3) This type
of struc-hu-e confirms an idea previously expressed by A.S. Zavlyalov,
L.Ya. Goltdshteyn, M.1. Senchenko, and Ye. Ya. Paley [apparently in
No. I of the present series] concerning the three stages of carbide
formation. A basic point of thin idea Is that the second stage Is
concluded by the separation of carbides,, i.e.,the appearance of a
boundary between the carbide particles and the phase In which they
originated., and, hence, by the loss of cohesive bonds between them
?. phenomenon especiaXly noticeable around the boundaries of former
austenite grains. This,together with changes in concentration and
Card 5/23

Study- of .14eta.Is BOV/1838
'the development of zones of-disintegration. and destruction of continuity,
constitutes the main reason for the sharp drop in impact tougbness and the
Intergranular character of the fracture. (4) The disintegration of
former austenite grainn may create favorable conditions for the concentra-
tion of alloying elements in the boundax-j zones. Because of the disappearance
of the cohesive bonds between the alpha phase and the carbides separating
out during this disintegration., the carbides will inevitably have a structure
composed of nearly perfect crystals., a fact which was demonstrated in this
investigation. (5) Lacquer films or sindlar films of amorphous structure
are recommended for the electron-diffract-ion study of isolated particles of
any second phase.
Bruk, B.I.., Candidate of Technical Sciences.* and V.V.. Ilyrkovskaya, Engineer.
Redistribution of Carbon During the Tempering of,Chrome-Vickel Stainless
Steel 65
Authorts conclusion. Application of the autoradiographic method made it
possible E673e~mna rate certain regularities in the redistribution of
carbon in 18-8 stainless steel during tempering, In particular it van
established that holding this steel for 6 bours at 6000 C may leaA to the
card 6123

study of Metals (Cont.)
hYdr -tale, and,the character of the distribution of hydrogen
rl=ein Yhe
du iding.
v
Zavlyalov A*S., Doctor'c-f Technical Sciences., Professor, and M.I. Senchenko.,
~n~er. Processes Occurring D=ing the Tempering of Alloy Steels 82
Authorot,-,conclusions. (1) Alloying of steel with those non-carbide
!To'rming.elements vhEch act to reduce the carbon content in the zones
ii~ vhich..'these elements (e.g. Sip Al) are concentrated villp during
the te6pering of the quenched steel, raise the initial temperature
Of all three stages of carbide formation,0 Lo.~raise the temperature
of the decomposition of martensite. These elements cause a marked
migration of carbon to the grain boundaries, resulting in temper
brittleness# (2) In steelz alloyed vith carbide-forming elements
the appearance end separation of carbides of the cementite type may
begin at the same temperatures as in carbon steel. But at these
tt=peraturen only part of the carbon contained in the martenoite
MV Participate in the carbida-forming proceseea (that part which Is
Most loosely hold by carbide-forming elanentn)6 The higher the
content of carbide-forming elements in the alloyp the less vin be
the amount of carbon that can separate out In the first stage of
temperi", j.e.,aa cemntite, and-the g"Aar vill be the amount that
Card 8/23

- - --- ---- -
Study of Met.--"- (Cont. SOV/1838
can separate out in the second stage, I.e.)as special carbides at
temperatures-Above the initial temperature of separation of the
given carbides, (3) Tz iron alloys containing carbon aa well as
carbide-forming elements,, the alpha yhase as a rule remains super-
saturated with carbon eve after protracted tempering at hI&
temperatures. (4) At those temperatures of tempering where the
separation and coagulation of carbides become possible,, a simul-
taneous process takes place., namelylsolution of the carbides,,
The first carbides to dissolve we those whose reaction of formation
is accompanied by maximum absorption or mi"Imum liberation of heat
as well as those which have maximum am-face energy, . These first
carbides are,, therefore,, those of iron and*such others as have a
maximum surface-volume ratio. (5) Changes In the mechanical pr
ties of hardened alloy steals during tempering are caused mainly by a
drop in the concentration of carbon and the alloying elements in the
alpha phase,W the redistribution of carbon and carbides,, and by the
transformation of residual austanite. (6) Lvidence was obtained
that temper brittleness and thermal brittleness are one and the some
Card q/ 23

Study of Mort.433 (Cont.) BOVII838
Zaytyalov, A.S., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. On Martensite and
Martenalte Transformations
Author's conclusions (in part). (1) MSrt6W1t6 in 8110YO in vhich
Interstitial ;ond a lu Ions are formed cannot be identified vIth
marteusite -in alloys In which subuttotial solid solutions am formed.
(2) The acicular structure cf martensite should not be considered
its basic distinguishing ftature. In the case of martensite in
interstitial solid solutions., the distinguishing feature may be the
fact that the martensite Is a tranoformation product uhich has
undergone phase hardening., beIng:a superoaturated interdtitial solid
8030tion. (3) Martensite vhich forms &wing the contimwus cooling
of iron alloys which contain carbon is not homogeneous with respect
to carbon content. Tble Is a result, of the difference in the tempera,.-
ture of formation of the martenalte, zones differing in carbon content*
(4) Belov the point M (Fig. 3) the martensite trmsformation develope
not only as a function of the lowering of the temperature but also of
the duration of isothermal holding, the latter being especially impor-
tant at temperatures above T., All phase tr=oformatli6no in
Iron alloys containing carbon are in cooling preceded by a redistribution
of carbon in the austenite, vhich may take place precisely at the mcment
Card 13/23
135

Study of Metali (Cont.) SOV/1838
----- ---- -of phase -transformation (fo in the formation of the two-phase -
1e
pearlite-paeudoeutectold st c (6) An Intermedlate maxJmum in
the stability of wistenite In steel alloyed vith carbide-forming ele-
ments, Is caused by the delay vhich these elements bring about in the
separation of carbon (as carbides) from the austenite, The average
temperature at this msxlm= is close to or the same as the i4itial
temperature of separation of the special carbides. (7) In steel, and
appaxent3,v in all alloys in which interstitial solid solutions form,
the martensite transformation Is irreversible, and the initial tempera,-
ture of the transformation of martensite to austenite cannot be lower
than the critical point Acl. Tn general., equilibrium cannot exist in
these alloys between austenite and any product of its transformation
at any temperature below the point A,. (8) if martensite is subjected
to some degree of tempering at the temperature of its formation or upon
being -cooled--- -- - oduct- results known as acicular troostite or lower
a pr
bainite. There are two mechanloms of martensits formation, The
first, and more Important,, consists In the formation and growth of nuclele
The initial temperature corresponds to a point on the martensite curvej,
showing concentration an a function of temperature. The second mecha,-
nism in linked with the occurrence of displacements (slip) in the austenite,
caused by the dwmlopment of~stresses.
Card 14/23

'C- RV I ~-ov/
P-54Y PKASH I BOOK MWITATION 007/1558
No.scoV, Dom nauchno-tekbnicheekoy propegandr in. 7.3, Dzerzhinskogo
S Ovreme=We splavy i ikh-terakichealogm obrabotka (ContempoIraxy Alloys and Their
Hest,Treatim6nt Moscow,, Y-wb4z,, 1958. 329 P. 12,000 copies printed.
A&litional Sponsoring --Agency; Obshchestvo po resprostranenlym politicheskikh i
Z=cbmykh znsaiy RSFSR.
Xd.,(Ti't;Le page): Yu. A. Geller, Doctor of Technical Sciences; Ed. (Inside book):
V-V- Rzhavinakiy. Engineer; Tech. Ed,: 13,1. Model" HanWng Ed. for
Literatare on Metal Working and Tool Making; R.D. B;Y~ellman, Engineer.
PURPOSE: The book is intended for engineering and technical personnel of beat-
treatment;ahops and'teit laboratories of wLch1uej-b%11d1nS'p1anta*
COVERAG~: This collection of 28 articles compiled b7 33 authors, alms to acquaint
the reader vith modem,prectice in the beat treatment of steals. The authoro
Card 116

Cbn~te=POM27 SOV11558
4we c4mwd with the"dwMiqfflaut of verima typeiis of structural.,
_%ooll, - abd.haat-resistant steela ad with ~he uAo pf their a1loyln~ elements.
Materials-handiing eq4lment is dqscr1be& at some length The treatment of
til.loya, partieulai4 those.of titanium.'a1so'coass vithin thescope of the
collection, The book Is thoroughly diagrommed,, and a good deal of the uaterial
is shown in graphical form, Among the prob1ma dealt with an the minimiza-
Uun- of deformations,, the introduction of the automatic control of heat-
treating equipment, together vIth ful3,v mechanized tool manufacture., and the
-Wtioxm.proportions of different aLloying elements. There are numerous tables
aid drt~dngs& - Bibliographic lietings pla,~ed at the end of chapters an
Pradriminantly Oovl~t. The articles cmprising thin coUAction are reports
deliVired at a conference held in the Scientific and Technical Pr*agaada
House,imeni F.Z. Dzerihinakiy-in Moscow.-
TABIZ -OF CMT= t
Foreword 3
card 216

Contemporgu7 AUM and Their Heat-Treatment SOY/1558
ZavIyalov., A,,S,,., Lo Ya, Golldshtep, and MI* Senchenkoe Nature of Temper
5
Pogodin-AlekseM,. G.I., and MA. letisova. Xnfb~mce of Chemical
Compodition, Original Structure,,and Test Conditicna on the- Temper!,
Zrittle.ness of Steel 23
Skotnikov,, M*Intermadiste Transformation of AuSteuite. 40
Pogodina-Alekseyeve,, Keo. Effect Of Ultrasonic -Waves m. Tranefomations in - --
Metals in the Solid State 48
Kontorovir.h., I. Ye. Principles of Alloying and Now Types of Structural
steel 62
Moshcherinam, Me Structural Steels Alloyed with B+rM 74
Taxwor, A,M. 'Study of Optimun Ccoposition and of Swe Pecullexitles of 80
the Heat Treatment of Boron-alloyed Case-hardeced Structural Steel
card 316