SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT VERTMAN, A.A. - VERTOGRADOV, V.I.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001859530003-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 1, 2001
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

WV/24-58-10-16/34
Magnetic Analysis oil' Molten Iron Base Alloys
curve for the dependence of the magnetic susceptibility an
concentration is smooth (FiR,.3). Thus, in spite of the fact
that cobalt is very close in its properties to iron, it does
not form ideal solutions viibh iron. In liquid Fe-Co solut-
ions there are regions which differ from one anotAer struct-
urally. The difference in solution structure also leads to
different behaviour in chemical reactionz. in particular
during solution of gases, There are 3 fi~;ures, 13 references,
11 of which are Soviet, 22, English.
SUBMITTED: May 10, 1958~
Card 4/4

AUTHORS: Vertman, A.A. , Samarin, A.M. 32-3-20/52
TITLE: The MeasurIng of the Magnetio Susceptibility of Liquid Metals
(Izmeraniye magnitnoy vospriimuhivosti zhidkikh metallov)
M-10DICAL; Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1958, Vol. 24, Nr 3, PP- 309-310 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: An apparatus, which is based upon Faraday's measuring method -tms
constr.kated. The modification of the weight of the test sample in
the magnetic field is proportional to magnetic susceptibility
(with the volume of the samplt,, being constant). In a liquid state
the vol=e depends ort temperature, but magnetic properties are de-
terminea by the composition of the molten metal. The device de-
scribed makez it pos2ible to measure the magnetic properAties of
the metals to be investigated by carrying out comparative deter-
mination of the tension and susceptibility of standard samples.
The result is comput6 according to a foimula. A detailed
desce-ption of the elect romagnetic scales of the device (operat-
Ing with ar. accurary of up to + 0.001 g) has previously been
given tRefs.6,7~. By means of ~he device described determinations
Card 1/2 of susceptibili-Ay %yere carriert o,,-,t for liquid alloys of Jron-

The Keasuring of the Magnet-1c Su3ce-ptibill' ty 3 2-3- 201.51 2
of Liquid Metals
-nickel, ni eke 1- cobalt, anrl iron-silicon at 17000 C. There ar,
-1
, figure,and 7 references, 6 of -&-ich are Slavic.
ASSOCIATION: Instit-ate for YetallurgyA3 USSR (Institut metallurgii Akademii
nauk SSSR)
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
1. Liquid metals-Magnetic proper-ties 2. Electromagnetic scales-
Applications
Card 2/2

jOVI 20 -12o-2-22/63
AUTHORS: Vertman, A.A., Samarin, A.~J.t Correspondire kfe_-:~er, Academy
6r-Sciences, U5SR
TITLE: On the Form of Silicon in Liquid Iron (0 forme sushcheotvo-.
vaniya kramniya v zhidkom zheleze)
PERIODICAL: Dokladjr Akademii niuk SSSR, 1958, Vol. 12o, Nr 2,
PP- 309 - 310 (MR)
ABSTRACT: The problem of the existence of elements dissolved in liquid
metals is, in spi've of its great importance for the practice
of metallurgical engineering, one of the least investij;ated. Ex-
perimenting at high temperature3 is difficult and furthermore
most researchers approached this problem from the standpoint
of formal thermodynamics (Reference 1). The authors describe
the methods by which data on the structure of liquid metals can
be obtained (Reference 2-4)- For this purpose the authors measu-
red the magnetic susceptibility of liquid Fe-Si alloys (from
0 to 6o% by weight of SO. The results of measurement in a
Card 1/3 special apparatus (Reference 5) at 16ocOC are shown in relative

On the Form of Silicon in Liquid Iron SOV12o -12o-2-22/63
units in figure 1. Fro~a it follows that t?s-, z_aenetic cuzce;tibJ
lityk -'.o the lower the higher the dog-ree of ordor in the so-
., was registered for melts containing 34r'
lution. A minimum for X P
Si and corresponding to a stable chemical compound FeSi. This
iron- silicide is stable at the s,'-eel-melting teraperature
(.1500-17ooo). Tts presence is also confirnod by other charac-
tr,rintics (References 6-0). It was reported that the Kurnakov
point (References 9-10) which characterizes the tranufornation
order-disorder in alloys of the Fo-Si system and in the alloy
Fe-Al-Si lies close to the melting point or possibly rlao hi-her.
Conclusions: 1) The naenetic susceptibility of the melts of
the Fe-Si system has minimal values for compositions which
correspond to the chemical compounds Fe 3Si, Fe 3Si2 and FeSi 2'
This is a direct proof of the existence of silicide-like struc-
tural formations in the melts. 2) The magnetic susceptibility in
the melts decreases with an increase in the degree of order. It
is minimal for chemical compounds and maxi-nal for solutions with
a complete mixture of atons. 3) The structural chanZes in -.1elts
Card 213 are connected with their chemical properties, especially with the

On the Form of Silicon in Liquid Iron SOVI 2o-12o-2-22/63
~;as solubility. There are 1 fi,-i;re and 11 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Institut metallurgii im. A. A. Baykava Ak-ademii nauk SSSR
(Institute for Metallurgy imeni A. A. Baykov,AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: January 13, 1958
1. Liquid metals--Properties 2. Liquid metals-Heating
3. Iron-silicon alloys-Magnetia factors 4. Silicon--Metallurgical
effects
Card 3/3

5W
AUTHORS: Glazov, V. Mo, Vertmant A. As SOV/20-123-3-31/54
TITLE: On the Behavior of the Antimonides of Aluminum, Gallium, and
Indium in the Liquid State (0 povedenii antimonidov alyuminiya,
galliya i indiya v zhidkom sostoyanii)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol 12:, Nr 3, PP 492-494
(USSR)
ABSTRACTt The pre5ent paper investigates the temperature dependence of the
magnetic susceptibility of the antimonidee of aluminum, gallium,
and indilum in the liquid state; the data obtained are compared
with several therm6dyna'mic and kinetic properties'of these
compounds.-Such investigations are also of practical importance.
Reference is made to several previous paperse As initial materials
AlSb, GaSb, and InSb samples were used, which'were purified
before the experimefits by means of recrystallization by zonesand
by extraction. Magnetic susceptibility was determined by the
Faraday (Faradey) method. The results obtained by these
measurements are shown by a,diagram. The temperature dependences
of the magnetic susceptibility of AlSb, GaSb and InSb in the
liquid state aid-,ie* similar to one other. Therefore, equal or
Card 1/2 very similar processes probably take place when the three

On the Behavior of the Antimonides of SOV/20-123-3-31/54
Aluminum., Gallium, and Indium in the Liquid State
c~ompounds mentioned are heatedi~ The curves for the temperature
dependenoe of magnetic susceptibility have two maxima&The first
curve for the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibil-
ity of the aforementioned substances agrees fairly adcurately.
with,the'minimum of the curve for the temperature dependence of
the free activatioh energy of viscous flow. The minimum of the
curve of magnetic susceptibility corresponds approximately to
those temperatures at which the curves of,viscosity temperature
dependence deviate from the regular course# The following
conclusions can be drawn from the results of this paper and of
pr6vioUs investigations: OLt melting temperature, the above
mentioned compounds have approximately the same structure of the
near order as in the solid state, With rising temperature,, the
coordination number-increases and at a certain temperature it
approaches the dense packing. There are I figure and 7 references,
6 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCILTION: Institut metallurgii im. A. Ao Baykova Akademii Lauk SSSR (institute
of Metallurgy imeni A. A. Baykov of the Academy of Sciences, 'USSR)
PRESENTEDs July 12p 1958p by G. V. Xurdyumovt Academician
SUBMITTED: June 28, 1958
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sov/180-59-1-11/29
AUTHORS: Vertman, A.A. and Glazov, V.M. (Moscow)
TITLE: Mag etic Susceptibility of Aluminium-Antimony and
Gallium-Antimony AlloyF in the Liquid State (0 magnitnoy
vospriimehivosti splavov alyuminiy - surlma I galiy -
surlma v zhidkom sostoyanii)
PERIODICALt Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye tekhnicheskikh
nauk~ Metallurgiya I toplivo, 1959, Nr 1, pp 60-63 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The work described waq devoted to the study of reactions
at various temperatures between components in the liquid
alloys aluminium-ailtimony and gallium-antimony. This
field is of interest because in such systems compounds
with semiconducting properties are formed. The investi-
gation was based (in measurements of magnetic susceptibility
at various temperatures for liquid.alloys In the following
composition ranges (at. %): 25-70 Sb7 75-30 Al; and
25-75 Sb,~ 75-25 Ga. The respective temperature ranges
were about 1090-1350 and 710-11500C. Faraday's method was
used with a previously-described apparatus (Ref 3). The
susceptibilities as functions of temperature are shown for
Card 13 the aluminium alloys Ug samples) In Fig 1 and for the
gallium alloys (4.g samples) in Fig 2 (curve numbers

sov/18o-59-1-11/29
Magnetic Susceptibility of Aluminium-Antimony and Gallium-Antimony
Alloys in the Liquid State
correspond to alloys numbers in the table). The curves
fall continually with increasing temperatures except those
for the 50-50 at.% samples (antimonides) (curves 4) which
first rise, then fall, then rise and fall again. The
authors explain the latter effect in terms of structural
changes and dissociation, this being supported by
published viscosity studies (Ref 5). They go on to
consider the concentration-dependence of the magnetic
susceptibility at various temperatures, shown in Figs 3
and 1+ for the aluminium, and gallium systems9 respectivelyg
together with the Gquilibrium diagrams. The minima on
the susceptibility isotherms at 50 at.% became less
pronounced'with in--reasing temperature7 and for the
aluminium system the ninimum. disappears at 13000G. The
Card 2/j evidence of dissociation of AlSb and GaSb at 1200 and
Ik 10000C respectively, is in line with that from viscosity
stuaies.

18(5) PKASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/3388
.Linchevskiy, Boris Vadimovich and Aleksandr Abramovich Vertman
Primeneni e vakuuma v proizvodstve stali (Use of Vacuum in Steel
MRking5, Mosoow, Metallurgizdat, lqfO. 125 P, Errata slip
inserted. 3,700 OoPltn printed.
Ed.: A. Ye. Khlabn1kov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor;
Ed. of Publishing House: Ya. D. Rozentsveyg; Tech. Ed,:
L. V. Dobuzhinskaya.
PURPOSE: This bcok is,int-~nd~!~,d for technical personnel at plants
and scieqtifl~--. ins'r'..Itutions. It may also be used by'students
of metallurgy and ma~lhlAne design.
3OVERAGE:* Theor.&~t-�,,.al principles and practical aspects of the
vacuum produatfon --f and alloys in induction and are
furnaces are ~Ypl?An!A. Problems connected with the,vacuum
treatment of moittn 8t4.-A,1 in the ladle and during teeming are
discussed'. Equipmtnt for which design,data are given includes
degassing and V!;5ming chambsrs, pumps, and instruments for,
measuring va'-uum. iaboratory and field data are analyzed to
Card 1/3

Use of Vacuum in St+,~l maLking SOV/3388
show the tfftat va-luum, melting and teeming of large Ingots
-and vacuum trt.atw.~-nt ~:X m,.*.,It.!n steel on the properties of the
finished m!~tal. ar,-!t 60 references: 21 Soviet, 31
English' and 8 Gowman.
TABLE OF CONTENTSz
Rilinciples of Va-,uljm *Baiting
Vaciium Equipwnt
Pumps
Instrumente measurIng pressure
~~Iib -
Leak detectors
156gassing of Molttn StAwl
Methods of vacuum troatment
Composition of gases
Structure of ingots
Nonmetallic Inclusions and flakes
Properties of steel
Vacuum Induction Furnacts
5
17
17
41
45
48
48
58
65
6T
69
C a r,1 2 /3

Use of Vacuum in stt~~i 1;%%kin,- SOY/33386
Effect of Vacuum Melting on Metal Properties 84
Vaouum Arc Furnaess and Furnaces With an Automatic Ct*ib-.-,o- 98
Production of Metals by Rtduction in Vacuum 116
AVAILABLE: Library of Congrtss
/Mg
Card 3/3 4-215-60

80975
s/18o/6o/ooO/O3/OO2/O30
4. V/ 0 0
AUTHORS: Vertman A.A., Samarin, A.M. angl+'WENon, A.M. (Mobcow)
TITLE: Structure of Liquid Eutectics
PERIODICAL: Izve8tiya Akademii nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye tekhnicheskikh
nauk, Metallurgiya i toplivo, 1960, Nr 3, pp 17-21 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: V.I. Danilov and collaborators (Refs 1,2) carried out
-X-ray scattering work4lon liquid eutectic alloyA.F/It was
concluded (Ref 1) that in such liquids groupings exist with
the structure of one of the components. The present authors
do not consider the evidence unambiguous and mention another
explanation (Ref 3) and -.--'ews based on other experimental
methods (Refs 5-8). The authors consider sedimentation-
analysis methods promising for determiziing the size of
11colonies" in the liquid state and describe their work
u-mang this technique with a centrifuge for Pb-Sn
(K.P. Bunin -(Ref 9) had previously shown the applicability
of this method). They used a high-temperature centrifuge,
the two cups of which contained resistance furnaces. The
rotating shaft was provided with rings and brushes, the ifires
passing through the hollow shaft and hollow cupholders. The
Cardl/,# test alloys, in a thick-walled steel crucible, were slowly
-All, Ir

80975
s/i8o/60/000/03/002/030
Structure of Liquid Eutectics Elll/E352
heated to the required temperature. After rotating at
5 600 rpm for 15-30 min the crucibles were withdrawn and
quenched in water. Furnace temperature was again measured,
the experimental temperature being the mean of this and
the first temperature. A reference sample was heated in an
identical stainless-steel crucible and quenched in water;
its composition was taken to be the initial composition of
the centrifuged allo3~. The crucibles with the centri'fugal
samples ifere cut in half vertically and drilled for analysis
at different depths. The results (tabulated) showed that
centrifuging produced significarit concentration differences
between top and bottom. From this tile authq;-s cilculate0
the volume of the "colonies" to be 91 x 10-"' cm at 225 C,
130 x 1.0 -.21 at 380 and 109 x 10- 21 at 800 for alloys with
76.o, 74.o and 74.o at.% Sn. respectively. Such a
separation is possible if the colonies are of the order
Of 10 3 atoms. This agrees with Bartenlyev's views (Ref 10).
Card 2/j Vr
Iz-

s/18o/6o/000/004/015/027
B193/E463
AUTHORSS Vertman, A. . and Samarin,,-A.M. (Moscow)
quidvlilverv-lapper- Alloys
TITLSi VIACOBIXY ox J-X
PERIODICALs Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye tekhnicheskikh
nauk, Metallurgiya i toplivos 19609 No.4, PP-95-98
TEXT& The temperature and concentration dependence of the dynami!~
and kinematic viscosities of silver, copper,and silver-copper
alloys in the 1020 to 1420*C range, was determined. The results
were in good agret-nent with those obtained by Gebhardt (Ref.3),, 4~1~
Sauerwald (Ref.4.6) and Barfield (Ret'-5)- However, the shape of
the viscosity isotherms obtained by the present authors was
essentially different from those constructed by Gebhardt,
probably because of the higher degree of oxidation of the alloys
investigated by the latter author. The results of the present
investigation are discussed in correlation with those obtained by
other workers who have studied viscosity and other properties of
eutectiferous systems, and certain conclusions regarding the
structure of all alloys of this type are reached. Commenting on
contradictory findings reported by various workers, the present
authors diaccunt the possibility that these differences are due to
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s/i8o/6o/ooo/oo4/ol9/027
91-93/E433
Viecosity of Liquid Silver-Copper Alloys
factors such as different degree of oxidation and volatization of
the experimental alloys or different impurities, contents, They
postulate that the properties of liquid, eutectiferous alloys are
not necessarily determined by their properties in the solid stalte
and that, as it has been demonstrated by Regell and Gaybullaye-z
(Ref.17)9 various types of eutectic alloys may exist, depending
on the nature of the bond between the elementary particles of the
two me'--als. The results of centrifuging experiments conducted
by Bunin (Ref.9) and X-ray studies carried out by Danilov (Ref.8)
support the view that liquid, eutectic alloys consist of micro-
'volumes, enriched by one of the components, these.mitro-volumes
being; surrounded by homogeneous solution, In alloys of the
eutectic composition, the quantity of the solution surrounding
the non-equilibrium micro-volumesq is at its minimum and it Js
this factor to which the presant authors attribute the fast that
the viscosity/concentration curves for the silver/copper system
pass through a minimum at the point corresponding to the eutectic
composition. This effect is explained in terms of the "solution
energy1t, V/k. If V/k is > 0, the forces, bonding similar
particles. are larger than those between dissimilar
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s/jL8o/6o/ooo/oo4/015/027
E-195/&48-3.
Viscosity of Liquid Silver-Copper Alloys
particles, in which case the least viscous part of the molten
alloy should be represented by the boundary layer of the micro--
volumes, since there the number of weak bonds of the AB type is
minimum. If either A or B component is added to an alloy
of the eutectic composition, the number of strong bonds between
the similar particles incr-ases and so does the viscosity of the
alloy. Consequently, tno zlhupe of the viscosity isotherms for
any given eutectiferous system will depend on the relativa
magnitude of the AX, BB and AB bonds. There are 6 figures,
2 tables and 19 reference3i 11 Soviet, 4 German and 4 English.
SUBMITTEDs February 8, ig6o
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AUTHORS: Vertman, A.A., Samarin, A.M. and Turovskiy, B.M.
TIT LE' Structure of Liquid Alloys of the
Iron-carbon. System
PER.10DICAL: Tzv6stiya Akadeinii nauk SSSR, Otdoleniye
tokhnicheskikh nauk, Metallurgiya i toplivo,
19bo, No. 6, pp. 123 - 129
TEXT: The authors point out that in spite of their technical
importance, views of liquid structures in the iron-carbon
system are incomplete and contradictory. They now discuss
thermodynamic data in relation to the structurally sensitive
properties of iron-carbon alloys. Many investigations
(Refs. 4-7) agree well and indicate considerable deviations
from ideality. These can be due to heat of' solution or entropy
of mixing factors but thermodynamic data are insufficient for a
detailed picture of' the melts. If graphite is taken as the
standard state kt'ne possibility of iron solution in it must
be recognised, Ref. 8), compounds which are mutually soluble
are assumed to be formed Olef. 9). If the standard state is
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5/18o/6o/Ooo/oo6/023/030
EIII/E335
Structure of Liquid Alloys of the Iron-carbon System
carbon-saturated iron negative deviations prnvail at all
concentrations. The authors consider that data are now
available on which the alloys' structure can be explained
more definitely. The results of bunin (Ref. 10) and
Konobeyevskiy (Ref, 8) suggest that relatively large groupings
of graphite exist in liquid iron-carbon. This idea receives
further confirmati-n from the work of Ivanov (Ref. 11) and of
Khrapov and Chernobrovkin (Ref, 12). It. appears (Refs. 15-17)
that these eutectic colonies consist of thousands of atoms
and the carbon formations have, in liquid cast iron, a
diameter of the order of 10- 6 cm Olef.18). in fact the
colloidal view (Ref, 19) of liquid alloys is in line with
experimental observations (Refs. 20, 21 or 22, 23, shown in
Fig. 1, or Refs. 24, 25). Fig. 2 shows plots of resistivity
of Fe-C alloys versus temperature at various carbon contents
(0 - 5.25%). Viscosity results (Refs. 24, 25) provide further
support (1,'ig. 3 shows the free-energy of' viscous flow as a
Card 2/3

s/1806o/ooo/oo6/023/030
Elll/E335
Structure of Liquid Alloys of the Iron-carbon System
function of carbon content in atomic %). So do magnetic-
susceptibility measurements (Ref. 28) (Fig. 4 shows the 1550
and 1700 aC isotherms of susceptibility vs carbon content).
Discussing the experimental evidence the authors conclude
that at over'2.0% C from the melting point to 1700 *C Fe-C
alloys are colloidal solutions and thermodynamic data on them
cannot be extrapolated outside these concentrations.
Thermoivnamic investigations in which a tendency to
immiscit.-ility in Fe-C alloys was noted are supported by the
physicai-property studies considered. of the authors,
Vertman and Samarin have made previous contributions in this
field (Refs. 16, 17, 18, 28). There are 4 figures and
29 references: 23 Soviet and 6 non-Soviet.
SUBMITTED: August 26, 1960
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S/020/60/132/03/23/066
B010011
AUTHORSs Vertman A. A. Samarin, A. M., Corresponding Member
TITLEs Viscosity of Liquid Nickel and Its_~oRper Alloys
V\ 111
PERIODICALs Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol. 132, No- 3,
pp- 572-575
TEXTs By way of introduction, the authors state that there are few
publications available so far on the behavior of alloys in the liquid
state that give rise to solid solutions. Reference io made in this con-
nection to a paper by F, Gaybullayev (Ref. 1), who investigated the elec-
trioal conductivity of systems Ag-Au, In-Pb, and Bi-Sb. As was found
there, the form of the isotherms of electrical conductivity does not VIC
differ from the one applying to solid solutions. Reference is further
made to papers byX. Hondo and H. Endo (Ref. 2), who investigated -the
magnetic susoeptibility 8f bismuth alloys with antimony in the tem-
perature range of 20-680 C. These authors showed that the change of
the isothermal magnetic susceptibility in dependence of concentration
proceeds in a linear manner. The authors of the article under review
Card 1/3

Viscosity of Liquid Nickel and Its S/02 60/132/03/23/066
Copper Alloys B014%011
obtained a similar result for system Ni-Co (Ref, 3). Other articles
(Refs- 4-6) showed the unlimited reciprocal solubility in the systems
Au-Ag, Cu-Aug and Bi-Sb in the liquid state as well, The authors of
the present paper studied the viscosity of system Ni-Cu in a high
temperature visoosimeter in helium atmosphere, The temperatures were
measured with a Pt-PtRh thermoelement. Measurement reaults are shown
in Table I and in the three diagrams (Figs. 1-3). It may be observed
from0Fig. I that the isothermal viscosity for temperatures 1500 and
1600 C proceeds in an almost linear manner. Fig. 2 is a graphic re-
presentation of the logarithm of the kinematia viscosity log Y in de- Y-1
pendence of lo-3/T. Experimental data can be described here by the
relation log V - A/T + B (A, B are constant), Theidentity of the part
played by nickel and copper atoms in the transmission of pulses may be
obseried from the results. With reference to an anomaly in the tempera-
ture dependence of the viscosity of nickel pointed out by D. K.
Belashohenko, this anomaly is brought into connection with the desoxi-
dizing action of the hydrogen in which measurements were made. This
is said to have given rise to a reduction of solved oxygen content
in nickel, which in its turn influences viscosity. The authors under-
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Viscosity of Liquid Bickel and Its 3/020/60/132/03/23fto66
Copper Alloys -P014/B011
took experiments to check this assumption. Results are graphically de-
picted in Fig- 3- No anomaly in viscosity was deteated. Finally, data
concerning viscosity are given for practical purposes. Thus, nickel
has a dynamic viscosity Of 0.0410 poise at 1500 0C. There are 3 figures,
1 table, and 13 references, 8 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATIONs Institut metallurgii Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Metallur&Y of the AcadeW of Sciences,
SUBMITTEDs February 5, 1960
Card 3/3

MTMAN A.A.; SAWIN, A.M.
:wi~~
Magnetic suaceptibilitv of nickol, cobalt, and iron at high
temperatures in the liquid state. Dokl.AY SSSR 134 no.2:
326-329 S 160. (MIRA 13:9)
1. Institut metallurgit im. A.A. Ba7kova Akademii nauk SSP.
2. Chlen-korrespondent AN SSSR (for Samarin).
(Nickel--Kagnetic properties)
(Cobalt--liagnetto properties)
(Iron--Kagnatic properties)
(Liquia metals--Magnetic properties)

839014
S/020/60/134/003/0113/020
J~Izoo B004/BO67
AUTHORSt Vertman. A. A., and Samarin, A. M., Corresponding flember
of th-elSTfflr~- A
TITLE: The State of Carbon in Liquid Cast Iron
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol. 134, No. 3,
pp. 629-631
TEXT: For determining the configuration of carbon in cast iron the
authors centrifuged samples of liquid cast iron. The number of revolutions
of the centrifuge was 1700-1900/min, acceleration was 320 g, and the
duration of experiments was 1230-1275 min. The temperature was approxi-
matoly 30-5000 above the melting point, and wan kept constant at i5oc
by r..sans of a Pt-PtRh theimocouple and an )Rrl -09 (EPP-09) electronic
potentiometer. After the samples had been certrifuged, they were quenched
ir, water and analyzed. As is shown by table 1, the centrifugal force
causes an irregular distribution of carbon in the sample. Those p&rts of
the sample which were nearer the rotational axle were enriched with C~
From the angular velocity, the molecular weight of C and Fe, the
Card 1/2

8390h
The State of Carbon in Liquid Cast Iron S/020/60/134/003/Olt3/020
3004/Bo67
difference between their densities, the initial concentration, the dis-
tance from the rotational axis, and from the temperature, the authors
calculated the number of carbon particles in the liquid cast iron to be
2.5-107, the volume of the carbon colonies to be approximately
50-10- 18 CM3, and the particle diameter to be of the order of 10 -6 cm,
which corresponds to a colloidal, disperse system. They concluded there-
from that cast iron is a microheterogeneous system which is not in
equilibrium, consisting of carbon-saturated iron and of carbon-saturated
colonies. The authors mention papers by K. P. Bunin (Ref. 1),
S. T. Konobeyevskiy (Ref. 3), and D. P. Ivanov (Ref. 2). There are 1
table and 6 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Inatitut metallurgii im. A. A. Baykova Akadewii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Metallurgy imeni A. A. Baykov of the Academy
of Sciences USSR)
SUBMITTED: May 20, 1960
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20266
IL11g, IL11b S/180/61/000/002/006/312
9073/E535
AUTHORS: Vertman, A.A. and Samarin, A.M. (Moscow)
TITLE., Properti-e-s or-laquid Alloya with Unlimited Solubility
of the Components in the Solid State
PERIODICALI Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye tekhnicheskikh
nauk, Metallurgiya i toplivo, 1961, No.2, PP-83-87
TEEM In measuring the electric conductivities of the systems
Ag-Au ind Bi-Sb, F. Gaybullayev ("Investigation of the electric
co,iuc.tivity of atomary solutions and eutectics in the liquid state".
Dissertation, 1958, Leningrad Pedagogic Institute) found that the
electric conductivity isotherms of liquid alloys do not differ from
the corresponding curves pertaining to solid solutions: with
increasing temperature the minimum which is characteristic on the
curve for solid solutions flattens out and the dependence of the
electric conductivity on the composition approaches the linear
dependence. This was explained by the fact that scattering of the
electron wave on account of the thermal oscillations becomes
predominant as compared to the 6ifference in the scattering ability
of the components. A brief review of the work of other authors
Card I/

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Prnperties of Liquid Alloys ... S/180/61/000/002/006/012
E073/E535
shcws that so far only relatively low melting point systems were
studied and, therefore, it was interesting to supplement the
knowledge on the properties of liquid alloys of systemr with
unlimited solubility of the components in the solid state by
studying alloys with high melting point components and, therefore,
the systpms Ni-Cu and Ni-Co were studied. The viscosity and the
electric conductivity were measured by means of equipment described
in an earlier paper (Ref-7) in a helium atmosphere. The temperature
was measured by a platinum-platinum rhodium thermocouple placed
directly under the crucible. The alloys were prepared by smelting
under a vacuum of 10-2 min Hq. The measured viscosity values are
plotted in Fig.la ior Ni-Cu alloys and in Fig.lb for Ni-Co alloys
in terms of V .10- centistokes vs. wt.% (Cu.Co). The values given
were measured at the following temperatures: 1 - 15000C, 2 - 16oo0c,
3 - 15250C, 4 - extrapolated values. The temperature dependence
of the viscosity of the investigated alloys was slight. Tne
experimental values obtained on the dependence of the logarithin of
the kinematic viscosity, lg --), of Ni and Cu on the inverse tempera-
ture are in good agreement with an equation of the type
Card 2/
~f

20266
Properties of Liquid Alloys S/180/61/000/002/006/012
E073/E535
V = X exp E log + B
RT T
where A, B and K are constants, E is the activation energy for
ViSCOUB flow. The measured values of the electric conductivity
are gi en in Fig.3a for Ni-Cu alloys, in Fig-3~ for Ni-Co alloys,
0 X 10 r, ohm-11 Cm1 VS. wt.% of Cu and Co, respectively. The
measured v4lues I were obtained for 1300*C, 2 - 15000C, 3 -16oo0c.
The results are similar to those characteristic for solid BOlutions.
However, in solid solutions the conductivity is determined basic-
ally by the differing ability of the atoms of each type to scatter
electron waves, whilst in the liquid state the conductivity is
mainly determinc2 by the scattering caused by thermal oscillations.
The difierence in the electron structure of'the atoms manifests
itself also in the measured values of the magnetic properties of
melts. Fig.4 shows the isotherm of the susceptibility, It , in
relative units, of liquid Ni-Co alloys. The experiments were
carried out in a test-rig with electromagnetic scales inside an
argon atmosphere using a field of 4000 Oe. The weight of the
specimens did not exceed 2 g, the weighing accuracy was + 0.1 mg.
Card 340

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Properties of Liquid Alloys ... S/180/61/000/002/006/012
E073/E535
The same figure also contains values of the average magnetic
moment of the nucleus determined by the average number of vacancies
in the inner electron shell of the atoms in Ni-Co system alloys
(data quoted from the work of Bozorth). The measurements were made
at 1600*C. Calculated values of the concentration dependence of
the changes in the free energy of viscous flow in liquid Ni-Cu
alloys at 15000C (1) and Ni-Co 1525*C (2) are plotted in Fig.5.
In both cases there are slight negative deviations attributed to
the difference in the electron structure and to s-d-interaction.
This result confirms the results obtained by 0. A. Yesin and his
team (Ref.10) in investigating liquid Ni-Cu aliuys o) --iie e.m.f.
method. There are 5 figures, 5 tables and 10 references:
3 Soviet and 7 non-Soviet.
SUBMITTED: August 25, 1960
Card 4/

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,,, ~ 11 ; " - , "; ?. - , -
ed bv electron micrt scope findings. Prolonged homogenizing anneaiing eiiininat-
.-I ~L- --- - Dn micrw)ar(biess. After annealing the solid

C!Tfu I*(.ii!.

ACCEssIONL NR: AP4022716* S/0020/64/155/002/0323/0325
AUTHOR: Vertg~an,.-A.A.', Samarin, A. M. (Corresponding member);
TITLE: The density of iron, nickel and cobalt in solid and liquid
state.
SOURCE: AN SSSR. Doklady*, v. 155, no. 2, 1964, 323-325
TOPIC TAGS: iron,'cobalt, nickel, density, solid state, liquid state,
fusion temperature, temperature density function, activation energy,
fluidity density function, structure stability, interatomic distance
ABSTRACT, The densities of iron, nickel and cobalt were determined*
by the "large drop" method (V-N. Yermenko, Yu.V. Naydich, Fiz. met.
_-.oi~alloved., No. 6, 883 (1961)) to obtain more accurate data than
presently available (fig. 1). It is proposed that the increase in
density in the prwzimi~y of the fusion temperatures of the metals is
caused by the evolution of gases on fusion. The temperature-density
function of the metals in the liquid state, calculated for the equa-
tion* A V - A exp(t/RT), where B is the energy of activation, is shown
C.ard 1/4,

ACCESSION NR: AP4022716
in fig. 2. The break in the curve for Fe is caused by a transition
to the gamma-iron ',structure. The :fluidi density relationship
According to the fIormula 1/v - a- .b/ V-_ density, a andb are
constants) is a straight line funct-ion. The deviation (fig. 3)
shows the structures do not remainiconstant and is associated with the
a'.toms aligning to the ~:tructure of the solid phase., Calculations
w'ere made to show that the structure of Ni is the most stable with
respect-, to tempera:.ture change. Interatomic distances were calculated
from the densities for Ni, Co, and Fe in the liquid state. Orig.
art. has: 2 tables, 3 figures and 4 equations.
ASSOCIATION: Institut*metallurgii im. A. A. Baykova (Institute of
Metallurgy)
SUBMITTED: 150ct63 DATE ACQ: 08Apr64 ENCL: 0.2
SUB CODE: 1Z NR REF SOV: 005 OTHER: 007
2/4-
Card

F11,11INVY Ye.S.; VERTMAN, A.A.; SAMARIN, A.M.
Apparatas for zeasux-Ing the density and surface tension of
iron melts. Zair. lab. 30 no.5:620-621. 164. (MIU 17:5)
1. Inatitut.metAllurgii imeni Baykova.

VERTMAN,,.A.A.- GRIGOROVICH, V.K.; NEDUMV# N.A.;' SAMARIN, A, M,
Hypereutectic part~of the iron-carbon constitut' d iaSram.
Lit. proizv. no,W743 F 165. '.(MIRA l8s6)

BURTSEV, V.T.1 VERTMAN, A.A.; SAMARIN, A.M.; FILIPP, G.
Kinetics of gas liberation during the inoculation of liquid
- cast iron. Lit. proizv. no-3t25-27 Mr 165. (MIRk l8t6)

VERTMAN, A.A.; GRIGOROVICH, V.K.; NEDUMOV, N.A.; SAMARIN, A.M.
-1-
Study of the Bystems cobalt - carbon and nickel - carbon. Doki.
AN SSSR 162 no.6s1304-1305 Ja 165. (MIRA 18s7)
2., Institut metallurgii im. A.A.Baykova. 2. Chlen-korrespondent AN
SSSR (for Samarin).

VERTIMAN, A.A. (Mosk~-&); GUZC)V,: V.M, (Moskva"'
Ml-crol!eterc,geneity in the -IrIstals of a solid solutinn, :.if
nickel alloys with carbon. Iz-v. AN SSSR. Met, i gor, drjI,o
no.61148-150 11-D 164. 2.R:z 1;,

VERTMAN, A,,A.(Mo3kva); SAMARIN, A,M. (Moskva)
Kinetics of the dissol-.-Uon of carbon in liquil tran. Izv. 1,111
S,93M. Yet. no.ls46-54 Ja-F 165. I8. 5)

FILIPPOV, la.S.; VERTFAN, A.A.
Connection between volumetric characteristics of molten Iron
and "critical concentrations." Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; chern.
met. 8 no.5:5-8 165. (141RA 18:5)
1. Institut metallurgil imeni Baykova, Moskva.

I - - -.- qn c~qx AnA nicl'-L-1- '
i ,
~ -i . a,'! 4 - , , - - " ~, ; .,

p I

VFRTMAN, A.A.; GRIGOROVICH, V.K.; NEDUMDV, N.A.; SAMARIN, A.M.
Transeutect-Ic reglon of trie -'ro.1--sarbon syste,'n (from
2988 to 27 Wt % of C). Dokl. Ali SSSR 159 no.1;121-124
N 164. (MIRA 17.12)
1, Instit-at metallurgili im. A.k. Bajrkoia. 2. Chlcn-k,,rre5pordent
AN SSSR (for Samerin).

VERTWX, A.A.; FILIPPOV, Ye.S,; SAMARIN, A.M.
Density of iron alloys with carbon in bolid and liquid states.
Izv. vys. ucheb. zav..- cham. met. 7 no,?t19-23 064
(MIRA 17t8)
1. Institut metallurgii im. Baykova.

- - X j . rAff
- - - - -* ; -i- F1 I _-j i, '- - -- - ~ - - ..-- " ;I S'J- 1,--

W-W
T
M-14.511ZW

VERVAN, A.A.; IVANOV, D.P.; SAMAERN, A.M.; FILIANOV, Ye.S.
- r isct~-.erm-al- -- -
Changing the densi-,y of liquid cast i.-c,,i t- -'J-,Iz.
I
Lit.proizv. no.10:30-32 0 164. klMIFLAL I.n:4)

go' MESSIOR UR: AP4049137

Card
.- ~. C.-I - ~-)( ~ ,

A C ~~ E~&~ , ~!, kl w , ~~ - . ~ , ,

VERTMAN, A.A,; VAF;J2(P~j',, %N.
Adiabatic calorimeter for determin'Ang the hF~at sapiit.v nf r~elts.
Zav. lab. 30 no.9tII51-1152 164. (MJRA le:3)
1. Inatitut metallurgil. Imeni Baykova.

VF,RTW,;, A. A.; SAMARIN, A. M.; FILIPPOV, Ye, S,
Density of iron, nickel, and cobalt in the solid and liquid 3tates.
Dokl. AN SSSR 155 no. 2:323-325 Yx 164. (MIRA 17:5)
1, Institut, metallurgii im. A. A. Baykova. 2, Chlen-korrespondent
AN SSSR (for Samarin).

VERTMANV A.A.
Conference on omelting in vacuum are and induction furnaceB.
Izv. AN SSSR. Otd. tekho nauk. Met. i gor, delo no.2:173-174
Mr-Ap t63, (MIRA 16:10)

VERTMAN, A.
Seminar on the study of the thermophysiral properties of materials
at high temperatures. Izv. AN SSSR. Otd. tekh. nauk. Met. i gor.
delo no.4.-175-176 JI~Ag 163. (MIRA 16s1O)

GLAZOV, V.M.; VERTHAN, A.A.
Characteristics of the
character of viscosity
eutectic type. Issl.
structure of liquid eutectics and the
- composition diagrams in systems of the
plav. tsvet. met. no.4t85-93 163.
(KMA 16:8)
(Eutectics) (Phase rule and equilibrium)

A JA
c.oncluctivityj !~,.irf; cc
IrMethods of illvc-st'g,"tion (S vi-Cositoy) Olcctl'il'
ima, tic Suscel-AiMlit np(-.CjfjC E, rid "Y
clensity, ,,ne
alloys in the 1"00-2000C
t,he Seminar or, the "Problems of McTarch c,-, t~,ermnphysical
Eeport Tirescnted at ii
. osibirsk, 9-10 I"pr
pm-perti(?s of substances at hi'.h. te '.0v .

VERTMAN, A. A.
Meeting of the xetallurg7,, metallograpbyp z1hingp and ore
dressing section of the Aeadeaq of Sciences, Department of
Technology., devoted to the discussion of technological objec-
tives in the Ii f resolutions of the 22d Congress of the
CPSU. Izv. AN iw. OW. takh. nauk. Met. i topl. no.6:208-213
H-D 162, (MIRA 1611)
(Metanurgy--Congresses)

----------
L zia r, A. A.
Fe rence on me I r, R var a rc an~i i nAuc t I on fu rr,ace 5
le
TOPIC TACS: vacuum aelting, arc melting, induction melting, chemical, composition,
merence an vacumm-are and-in uct-fdff-m--eltiiig-Qti!f--he-ld--ar-zhe-
tut merallurg-H im. A. A. Ravkova ns I i tu te tLurgy) on 27-29 Nllave."_er
Card 11/3

L IT931-63
ACCESSION 'NR: AP30009'18
m o n R t e a ng e e
17
e ~,i A Ma a
varu-.~m-arc :neli.7~g of E:b*,7 Fe, A- 2-4
A X 5 ama r i r~
-Q,J,

L
ACCESSION NR: AP3000918
others); vacumn-pumping equipment for netalLurgLcal f;;rn-ares (A. t7~'
experience in operating the "Cereus" vacuum-arc furnace (&. Ya. Borisov, S. K.
M ikha y 1 ov, V. Pooko" V. D. S 0, o"l ye.." st. a~ za t or. a f vo-ve r cc-: P.
~mprcve!nent or ~onsvnat :!'w r--- je va a 7, -rna-,
B. K. Karavashkin); ma~,ter,.ng tne
'Elcl":'osta. a-.'
a- e,
and otl.-i~-rs g.
ASSOCIATIGN: none
SUBMITTED- 00 DATE AC(