SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT STEPANENKO, M.A. - STEPANENKO, O.R.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001653120020-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 26, 2000
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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- t.ir f-wined dwing the coking of pitch can itic-11 lw calst4l;
0 0 ihn, the total yield of eirctrocle C can be int-mawd froul -00
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0, Z @ . .41 4'j- 1
1. 7"11% m the miltinal pitvh. The most
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aliona proi-edurs, j@ to the pitc
ld
-fid remove the mecortilary far Irons the evrle. lilt Or
0 111 ,( ".c,-oridary" tar twing 111% ot the Pift-11. Continual
litch-
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irculatilm o(tht pitch tar during t
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Direction of tat vapon and 9"96 inside of the charge 90
during coking. I. N. A. Nikoll'skil and M. A. Stcpau-
-
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`-ThV
-
nky. xhim. Twdotv Toplim 9, 2S-42(T0-W
uw3 in
direction of tar vapors and g side of the charge was
41,11. in a special 2pp. consisting (if a fiarna,e with nnc-
charriber covered with lid which has
a cokin
d heatin
id
5
c
g,
g
partitions dividing the free space allove thr charge inrU--
7
independent portiom, a condensing app, for removal of
tir, thcrtnocouples with galvanometer and ni.trumurtrrs for
m -4suring tenip. and pre@ul,e. The duraitou of vxpts'.
2
4-3.-1-1 lit%., which perruitivi the ti,nip. of lbe chameat
licaled %ille to reach 6190 0m)" W111 FrAN the it-Isalp. lit
'
. lar V'.l.'l. imidrof (fie
atedmilewaskeptatw4l
00 oking charge have no basic direction along the ciAck, and
0 al""t; the walk: a I'LL'tic m-alli did not "reattr a great fe. coo
0 ese,tance for the movement of gases and vapois; ga-w-i, Will zoo
0 0 valmrs evolving froin the coking charg'- have a inain di.
Zoo
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lft&tM*Gt Of tOdd At InsdJUM tempelAti"es. N. A.
Nikul'Ail and N11. A. 8 Cakr .;P1d Chrfn.
(IT. S. S. R.) 108. 2% Khin: Reknit. ZAar.
2. No. 4. 113-11 (RK19).-Ilir inkt. twhich in rt,kAt at
MV-SOW) contains 211- A% of v,platile sulwntuv% mil 7%
f Itill. 'Wilma a Imam most. of A.11 1, pre-ot th.- v,_1 in
enriched by the wet inethad anti dried. Altcr us ii-intival
fropti I lie furnam the coke in tnixed wit It water. Th,--lixed
00 carixin"(-ontaiiistttoi%ttsrL"%.volatil~-,sutitaticeslt-12%
06 j and aib V-10% and haq a heat conten Of 1201-734) r2l.
Front the treatment of the coal a tar in obtained which
e(mtains:J5-4.)%nfphenots in oils fr,)tii which C&HLOH anti
o-. m- and P-Cif$C41-1,011 can be obtained. Treatment
of gas coal!; yields up to 8.5% of mr, of whit@h is
00 z inutor fuel and 2% is Dirsel engine fuel. W. R. I feri'na
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Production of coutrismat resin with a scaftenwil tem-
perature of 100 ISO'. M. A-- Steltantritkn mid A. t..
Min,Lavii. Coke ind Cke"s. k V. S. S. U.) 190, X- @%
3:11 al. I Wal 01114illVd ill Lill. eAllt'. 'UH (ill' I-11-1111AW11 -11
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ill, -m "I'lailwal "A' Ilk) 1.01, U11,11 ill
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t, 1.1*1 (.1ciAddillat all, .%[Ci,. @%flvt j-l%.mvj it'll wal .411.t
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Obtaining Coumarone rwsiav by thenvAr orf"Lion

0 S,ln
Si"nrnko and A. H. sksys.

Ir. .
$:
1. 17'.V- 1. of. C. A - 30, 19"'.-Thc ItTrene, ififfefle MI
couniarone fractions from the heavy xylene fraction 1)

A 140-60* call be thernsally p"13mcfIxed withmet 11W of III,

:
When polymerization occurs under rrflts%. the pttKI-
S04.
0 oct h2s a higher tthA. wt. than when reactitm txvtjrs at
2LIW aml C,7 asm. in an autoclavr. The indent fiactim
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thed. and yield of the resin.4, but dm not change the m-1.
wt, This is alteml only by temp.; lower temp. produces
or's 11 se,in, whIa higher mot. wt. The min fcmnfti by hearing
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. The
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A
68-1-9/21
AUTHOR: -.Stepanenko M.A., Doctor of Technical Sciences, and
Ma-Eu-sy-ak _,rkgoleva, T. Ya. , Engineers.
TITLE: Coal Oil Pitch as a Binding Material for Briquetting Goals.
(Uglemaslyan,yy,5ek - svyazuyushchiy material dlya briket-
irovaniya ugle
PERIODICAL: Koks i Khimiya, 1957, No.1, PP. 32 - 35 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: A product obtained by a thermal treatment of a mixture
of coal and high boiling fractions of pitch distillates of
anthracene fraction II, as a solvent is called coal oil pitch.
In the paper the preparation of coal oil pitch and its further
use as a binder for briquetting coal is described. Coal oil
pitches were prepared froih coals r, riv and nC and a mixture
as (ratio
of anthracene fraction II and heavy pitch distillate
1:1.2). Properties of coals and solvents are given in Tables
1 and 2, respectively. Preparation of coal oil pitch: coal
crushed to-3 is mixed with the solvent (% of solvent for
r-.. ","" and K 32% and for PC - 24%) and heated for 3 hours
at @VX - 380 The yield and properties of coal oil pith
obtained are given in Table 3. Coal T was briquetted under
the following conditions: softening temperature of coal oil
pitch - 65 - 75 OC; proportion of the binder 12%; fineness
of coal - crushed to 3 mm; temperature of mixing and press-
ing 150 OC; the' temperature of the press-mould 95 OC;
Card 1/2

68-1-9/21
Coal Oil Pitch as a Binding Material for Briquetting Coals.
2
pressing pressure 400 kg/cm The shape of briquettes is
shown on the photograph. Changes on storing of the properties
of the binders used are shown in Table 4, and changes in the
mechanical properties of briquettes on.-toring, in Tableo5-
The,quality of briquettes was good; they ignite at 900 0, ini-
tially with a smokey flame and then with a colourless flame.
There are 1 figure, 5 tables and 2 Slavic references.
ASSOCIATION: UKUN
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 2/2

& L-:,- A
68-7-11/16
A'JTHORS:3te'Pane&_o, V-A Matusyak, N.I. (Ti-KhIN), Kuleshov, P.Ya.,
and Saltanp F.L.
TITLE: Intensification of the Process of Production of High Melting
Pitch'. (Intensifikatsiya protsessa polucheniya vysokoplavkogo
peka).
PERIODICAL: Koks I Khimiya, 1957, Nr 7, PP-43-46 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The use of oxygen for the intensification of the process
of production of high melting pitch was investigated on a
laboratory and works' scale. The comparison of laboratory
experiments of blowing medium pitch, pitch tax and their
mixture (75% + 25% respectively) with air and oxygen Is
iven-in Table 1 and Fig.l. Then blowing with oxygen
8 1/hr per Xg of pitch) the waste gas contained about 60 to
R
70% of oxygen. Better utilisation of oxygen was obtained
when additional mechanical stirring was applied, so that
oxygen consumption was r6duced to 6 1/hr per kg of pitch per
hr Mble 2). Industrial experiments were carried out in
two continuously operating reactors joined-in series. Dim-
ension of the reactor: d = 3 M; htotal 4.7 mr the ratio of
h pitch to d = 1.6; charge 59 tons. The comparison of re-
Card sults obta'ined in laboratory and works, experiments is given
1/? in Table 3. It was found that by replacing air with oxygent

68-7-11/16
Inten,sification of the Process of Production of High Melting
Pitch.
the reaction time and the total oxygen consumption can be
decreased by 2'05 - 3.0 times (at similar blowing.velocities)p
or the reaction time can be decreased by 105 - 2.0 times
with a decrease in the total consumption of oxygen by 6-7
times (in comparison with air). In the latter case the use
of mechanical stirring is necessary. In considering the
most suitable type of apparatus for blowing oxygen it is
stated that a bubbler type reactor is the most suitable.
There are 3 tables and 2 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Zaporozhskiy Coke Oven Works. (Zaporozbskiy Koksokhimi.-
cheskiy Zavod)'.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 2/2
I L;RL-._ r-T----7 --7
ABSTfUCT: Laboratory experiments on the production.of Pitch With
high softening temperatures are described. It was possible
to obtain two types of pitch: (a) pitch with a softening
ably above 1500C but fluid at high tem-
Ad
temperature consider e content of 18-2v@vt
peratures and (b) pitch with a volatil
high melting temperature and remaining solid at 3000C. For
the production of the latter type of pitch mechanical agi-
tation was found to be necessary. The apparatus used is
shown in Fig.1; experimental conditions in Table 2; proper-
ties of pitches obtained and their elemental composition in
Tables 2 and 3 respectively; the evolution of gas on coking
of high softening pitch in Figs. 2 and 3; plastometric
properties of pitch with volatile content of 18.5% in Fig.4.
There are 3 tables and 4 figures.
ASSOCIATION: UK@LIN.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
Card 1/1

68-58-2-5/21
AUTHORS: Ste anen@koll Soldatenko, Ye.M., M-atusyak, N.I.
n ogoyavle'=@
oj
an @B vie@nkiy, K. A.
TITIE: X-ray Analysis of Pitch Cokes (RentgenostrukturiVy
analiz pekovykh koksov)
PERIODICAL: Koks i Xhimiya, 1958, Nr 2, _Dp 31 - 35 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Results of X-ray structural investigations of pitch
cokes from Zaporozhe, Khanzhenskovsk and Kemerovsk Coke Oven
Works are described. In the evaluation of pitch coke as a
raw material for the electrode industry, the most important is
not so much its initial characteristics, but the dynamics of
changes of the individual indices on thermal treatment and in
particular the ability to increase the density. Therefore,
not only initial samples were studied, but also samples which
were submitted to ignition and graphitisation in industrial
furnaces of the Dneprovsk Electrode Works. In addition to
parameters of X-ray structural analysis, as indices character-
is-ing the coke substance and its structure, the chemical
composition, specific gravity and specific electrical conduc-
tivity were determined. Copper radiation with a nickel filter
was used for X-ray powder photographs. As a criterion of the
degree of order, the sizes of "packets" along c and a axis
V. e taken, i.e. the width of interference bands (002) and (10
Cardl72r

X-ray Analysis of Pit-ch Cokes
68-58-2-5/21
The results obtained are assembled in the table.
There are 2 fiCures, 1 table and 7 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: MIN
AVAILABLE: Library of ConSress
Card 2/2 1. Coke - Properties 2. Coke - Structural analysis
3. Coke - X-ray analysis 4. X-rays - Applications

SO-V/68-59-4-13/23
AUTHORS Gogoleva, T.Ya- and Stepanenk.@Jf
.:o
TITIa,,: Surface Tension, Dan-sfVy and Viscosity of Coal Tar Pitch
(Poverkhnostnoye natyazheniye,,plotnost' i vyazkost'
kamennougollnogo peka)
PERIODICAL:Koks i Khimiya, 1959, Nr 4, pp 42-45 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: An investigation of the above properties of coal tar
pitches at elevated temperatures produced on the -
Zaporozhlye fforks has been carried out. The characteristic
data on pitches investigated are given in table 1 and the
results obtained in table 2 and figures 3-6. The
apparatus used for the determination of surface tension
and viscosity are shown in Fig 1 and 2 respectively.
It was found that the temperature-density relationship
in the region of high temperatures (180 to 36000) is
linear. Coefficients of thermal expansion of pitches
with softening temperatures 65, '03 and 1450C were
calculated and the dependence of the above coefficients
on the softening temperature of pitch was determined
(an increase of the softening temperature by 10 is
Card 112 accompanied by a decrease in the coefficient of thermal

SOV/68-59-4-13/23
Surface Tension, Density and Viscosity of Coal Tar Pitch
expansion by 0.000001). The viscosity of medium
pitches within the temperature range 155 to 2951C and
of high softening pitch in the range of 240 to 3450C was
determined (Fig 5). The dynamics of changes in the
viscosity of pitch with increasing heating temperature
were studied. Two regions of a sharp change in the
viscosity of pitch were observed: one on passing from
the solid state into the plastic state and the other on
passing from plastic state into the fluid state (Fig 6).
There are 6 figures and 2 tables.
ASSOCIATION: MIN
4
Cafd 2/2

GOGOLEVA, T. Ya.. STIPAMOK09 N.A.
Thermography of the coking process of coal-tar pitches. Koko i
khim. no.,13:47-51 160* (MIRA 13:6)
1. Ukrainskiy uglekhtmicheekly inotitut.
(Pitch)

STEPANMO -A.-L; MATUSTAK, II.I.
Physicochemical properties of pitch coke. Koka I L-bime no.6:28-
31 160. (MIRA 13:7)
1. Ul-crainskly uglekhimicheskiy inetitut.
(Coke)

STEPANWOv Mariya Aleksandrovna; BRONr Yakov Abramovich; KULAKUVp
LEYTES, V.A. v otv.red.;
LIBSRM, S.S... red.izd-va; ANDREMv B.P,p tekbn.red.
[Production of pitch coke] Proizvodstvo pekovogo kokea.
11harIkovp Goo.naucbno-tekhn.izd-y-c-3.it-my po-ebarnoi i
tsvetnoi wtallurgUrr 1961.-'-3:Ll p. (MMA 14:7)
'(Cbke industry-Equipment and supplies]

STEPAPENKU, M.A.- MATUSYAK N.I.
.4
Physibochemical characteristics of coal pitch coke. Koks i khim.
no.1:29-33 163. (MIRA 16.-2)
1. Ukrainskiy uglekhi-icheakiy institut.
(Goice-Testing)

STEPANENKO, M.A.; GOGOLEVA,T.Ya.
Uses of coal-oil pitch. Koks i khim. no.12:43-45 163.
(MIRA 17:1)
1. Ukrainskiy uglekhimicheskiy institut.

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in Glasteck. Ber.. 9 111 U (1931).-Quartsites [OF
are tit two gtouPs: Ceff"Um 00d Fkb in ccenent.
first group is charaCtefitta. uluaRY. bY cGIRM QUWta
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in ctu"t. tridynatims emuch easier and dom not ea-
later. Firm.grado Dinam, can be mrale from Cuero
quAruites by special firlnC The 4411,41tiltes (A
should be considered as chakrdony modsloom and
of Und as Cententlirss. Mate fine-gTain"I than tbow
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ill thrIM111
fie"t '" *1141 lk', t1l @ I'ItC t,tt.&t jrrry,,il
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1
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tine In the loft -xi fairl kxmi,timptim. varLstimi, in Illelons-
Sul"Ption when quelting %1AILite VILIfNe. And hydrillilic cult.
ditions in the fur"v under vitriotis operating conditions
art o6o di-cumiled. IVZ K.

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Differential melting of glen and Its appikatWo In
tiC@. L, K, AND %L0. 81711PAW41KO.
I K,,um 1',am . 1947, No 2. pli @-, 0.'- Niiii-'e RK17 restrarch
'
It.%, IWvo vmliv.loo al the Nln@cow
rectillolofficul Imtill1w
of Light hitht,tivamlaf the theptir- I, d"isiled t" oIWla(r tuld'.1 the 111-1 allitat,'"A.1 It
III),v of rmlivAly changiuX the prormi of g1w,%inelting and ditions. -tich :k@ the usi@ of a adfatr haw. loath
i
the con,tructioin of the gla-melting funutec by d"-rmtsing content
n the charge. And the law III u-I @havinjl, I, a
flat- inviliox vviiiot A@ a rt-,tilt of lb6 work twit shaft- retbacing a&l1t Ordiumily. two unit, ..I,. ill't.d1r.1 @ilh
ftwerhamix-l- o,at, bavc itern pill into o,wration. 'rbr.W eachiankfurnacv; I fie ittiodwr delwnil, on I far omil-it im,
f th
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125W to 1320' C. is paswd into the melting scction of be output from 12 to I I ton, per 21 hr tit 17 law Is final rh,...
haroac . In thi* prove- the printary stage of glavsturl fit
t Units C311 Work With OIlly oJIC Charge, not rL-41111ring the ro
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Charlg@ aild Io v.oY Ol, pallial pre-um therein. Thr unit Xoo
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S=A_--D',1,FK0, M. G.
Electric heating of glass in the Foureault channel. G. M. Ashkinazi,
E. V. Zhukovskii, and M. G. Stepanenko. Steklo i Keram., 6 (3) 3-9 9).
--Electric heating was u-n-Te--rTa-e`R7 Tocombat streaks and devitrification. The
electrodes (3-in. steel tubes) were immersed to a depth of 20cm. It was possible
to attain complete isothermy of the melt under the debiteuse, with a total
rise in temperature in this zone of 300. Temperature distribution along the
depth of the melt in the preheating chambers was considerably improved. Tem-
perature difference between the surface and a depth oV 55 cm. was reduced from
1600 (original temperature) to 1100C. Equalization of tempera-lure was caused
by a 150 to 200 drop in the upper levels and a 300 to 400 rise at a depth of
30 to 55 cm. At a depth of 55 cm., the temperature rose from 990 0 to 1030031
thus eliminating the possibility of crystallization. Devitrificaticn was
completely eliminated, and straaks were considerably reduced. Temperature
curves and a schematic diaeram. of the electrical system are given.
B.Z.K.

CA
amdmd dimension, of -follow
Math. mudymb of operation and imitatioma of
far tamb 6 - VMS torso al
III :@Il 11130'1
=.Idbe expec4ed; under ordinary , , witb
so of 1100-13W Col./M.S. the tmp,. at mir (and PS)
Irml ad ezewd W(HMOI. The , " surfmaltivere-
powagar should ta 33-6 m.1/sq. m. of surface bring
hatted(tbiawmall5m.lintimsecakus.). B.Z.K.

'J
00 L
-by electric beating of the
Improving the optics of sheet itais
MOIL Nf.. i@ 'i I G. M. Asitsci%All. ANU I., V CHERK-
Vlzinvcrom., 7 1213 6 (111NI). Fltvtri,* bratinxof
VAT" %*KO-
the .It for one month at the Pruktaril glasswork. resultevi in a
miuction of streaks stut devitrificatiou. The optimum coudi-
tions are 55 to M v. at the clectrodes anil a current %trrugth of 141)
to IN amp The electric heating Iowvrc4I the troilicraturr
gratlient In the inelt along the wMils an,l depth of the canal Irmn
W' to 2 V, unit the temlieraturr in the delith of the inelt in the
working canal ro%e 35* to 40". The intrit advantagrous ditri.
bution of the ctectrocles is directly liefore the hfidgewall in the
working chamlirm for hoth direct and rnn@vc-titive It-citing of tht.
melt- The hvAil% of the clectruclei. 1110 mut. in alLuncter. are
ZI ittimered to it depth of 30) to;159) min. from the s4irface and 20o
9 mm. from the inner wall of the canal. The con%couption of elti:-
tric unergy kaliout I0 kw.-hr. lier IQ) sq in of glas, Tent1wra-
1 tare turvt% with and without electric ht-ating arv KIMI Cf
8! Cs-,am. Abowas. 19W. july. it. I 10h It z K@
L A SITALLIOP.GKAL LITIOATUME CIASSIFICATICH
1#11314 "it G-T UN!
t
. I- T
U tt AT 00 11
9 ot IT V, 0 r* a IT It of 91 pf tt It a MAD
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zo 40

ZYGENSON, L.S., doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk, professor; STEPANERKO, M.G., re-
daktor; GRIBOTA, M.P., tekhnicheskiy radaktor.
[Making models] Modelirovanis. Moskva, Gos.izd-vo "Sovetakaia nauka,"
1952. 371 PO' (MLRA 8:5)
(Engineering models)

STEPAIMTKO,M.G. . professor. dol--tor tekhnicheskikh nauk
Imnortance of the convection flawin glass furnaces. Stek.i ker.
12 no-9:17-22 S'55- (KLRA 8:12)
1. Vsesoyuznyy nouchno-issladovatellekiy institut stekla
(Glass manufacture)

po-
-02M-
W
K -RMxPP iR
-.0
STEPANE14KO 14.G doktor takhnichaskikh nFulk, professor.
Design of a glasetank furnace. Stek. I ker. 13 no-9:27-28
S f56. (MLRA 9:10)
(Glass manufacture)

8 (4)
SOV/112-57-5-10448
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Elektrotekhnika, 1957, Nr 5, p 131 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Stepanenko, M. G., Lur'ye, V. M.
TITLE: Design of Electric Glass -Melting Furnaces
(Proyektirovaniye elektricheskikh steklovarennykh pechey)
PERIODICAL: Tr. Vses. n.-i. in-ta stekla, 1956, Nr 36, pp 51-70
ABSTRACT: Electric glass-melting furnaces have a number of advantages
compared to flame-type furnaces; it is expected that in the near future, when
new large electric stations will be put in operation, such furnaces will receive
wide usage in the USSR. At present, however, the problems of design and
construction of glass-melting furnaces have not been satisfactorily solved,
either in the USSR or abroad. In designing electric glass-melting furnaces,
their fundamental parameters are selected after those of the flame-type
furnaces, or else they are selected arbit3rarily. As a result, the per-unit
energy consumption of actual electric furnaces fluctuates widely. The
prospects of electric glass melting require that reliable methods for designing
Card 1/4

SOV/112-57-5-1044,3
Design of Electric Glass -Melting Furnaces
the furnaces be developed, particularly methods for furnaces of 80-120 tons
per day capacity. The principal distinguishing feature of electric glass
melting is that heat is produced within the glass melt proper; the heat is not
transmitted via the glass-melt surface as in the flame-type furnaces. This
results in a more uniform temperature distribution over the entire glass-melt
volume, and in lower maximum temperatures at individual points; the tempera-
ture under the furnace roof does not exceed 1, 2500C, which results in a higher
electrode and lining durability. The process in an electric furnace can be
forced by using higher glass-melt temperatures - Horizontal convection in an
electric furnace is weak, and the furnace outlet requires additional heating.
The glass-melt surface in the electric furnace is a cooling surface, hence the
viscosity of the surface layers is higher. This can be prevented by a lower
roof, by coating the surface with a special mixture, by a vacuum, and by
placing high-capacity electrodes near the surface. Decreasing the surface
area and making the bath deeper did not result in a decrease of heat losses
Card 2/4

SOV/112-57-5-10448
Design of Electric Glass-Melting Furnaces
through the surface because the losses through the walls increased. An
operating voltage of 70-110 v is used; it can be increased to 220 v. The bath
width must be limited in order to limit the voltage, As glass melt is electri-
cally hot, workers and glass-forming machines that come in contact with the
glass melt must be insulated from the ground. Usually the single-phase type
of electric furnace is used. The most expedient surface configuration is a
long rectangle. Attempts to construct a 3-phase furnace have been unsuccess-
ful so far. The construction of an electric glass-melting furnace is much
simpler than that of a flame-type; the electric furnaces are usually protected
by a metal housing. Three types of electrodes are used; the wall type, the
through type, and the semi-through type. The electrodes are made from a
graphitized carbon or from high-melting metals. The latter require
compressed-air cooling, which lowers their efficiency. With through-type
electrodes, the temperature and current-density distribution over the glass
melt is nonuniform because of different cooling conditions at various spots of
Card 3/4

SOV/112-57-5-10448
Design of Electric Glass -Melting Furnaces
the melt. Wall-type graphitized electrodes are the best. Thermal and
electrical calculations of an electric glass-melting furnace are difficult, and
in practice the required power is determined on the basis of the bath volume.
The design methods for a single phase wall-electrode furnace suggested by the
authors permit determining its fundamental parameters with sufficient
accuracy, except for the calculated resistivity at various spots of the melt,
which is associated with the distribution of working temperatures. Capacity
per unit volume and energy consumption per ton of the glass produced are two
most characteristic performance data.
V. P. Kh.
Card 4/4

af@HC)7? _Aepanerko, MI, U.
'e [TL':I Nomogram for the _@*etermlnatior, of the SDecific Lle.@t (.On-
sumption in Glass Melting (Nomogramma alya opredelpniya
udellnogo raskhoda teDla na varku siekla)
Steklo i keramika, i958, Nr 8, pp. 8-12 (US3?)
AH",TRACT: The therma) parameters of the thermoctimical reactions of
glass melting have been known for a long time and were
Dublished by M. A. Matveyev, B. A. Rleymenov (Ref 1) as
well as by Kr8ger (Ref 2) in technical. literature. k1so
Kuzyak, SDkhov (Ref 2)and kafessor Ginzburg (Ref 3) carried
out research work in this field and obtained higher para-
meter values. The author prefers the data supplied by
XrNger as his conceptions coincide with thoce by "rofessor
M. A. Bezborodov, I. D. Tykachinskiy and others, and lie
constructs the nomogram on the basis of his data, (:iee table).
Text,araturee of 1450-15000 were assumed as to dominate in
'Lue practice of industrial glass melting (Table 1). For the
calculation of the specific heat consumption that temDerature
Card 1/5 is taken aE heating temperature at which the glass mass is

sov/'12-58-8-4/17
Nomogram fur the I)Ptermination of the Specific Heat Consumption in GIas-q
i t i np
ortev;*ng the cooling and working zone, The influence of the
!'acto,-:3 - the ratio between charge and broken glass., as wf,"!
a2 the humi,d4ty content of the charge - are descriv@--d ill
detail. The elaborated nomogram (see figure) consi:,rts of
() t'iejdL, Find takes into account the ratio between soda and
sitlftLte, the humidity content of the charge,the maximum
fur-nace temperature, the heating, of the charge gattes, the
amount ot' broken glass and the correotion for sodium sulfate.
A number of published calculations of the heat consumption
in thi, melting of 1 kg metal is mentioned (Table ,1. ""hen
the utiLization of the nomogTam 44E described and iiiiistrated
bv oxamples. in table 3 the recalculation results carried
out by means of the nomogram of earlier r-ublishi,!d :aluPs
of the snecific heat consumption in trie meltinp of varLous
kinds of glass is mentioned. B-. - mear.- of this n@:;mogvam the
Pxact values of the quecific heat cortsuffpLion cari be cb-
t-I-Aned on different nonditions. 'Phis way the degree of the
efficiency of variou.9 Lah Ifurnaces can be compared. There
,are I figuri@, 4 table!@, and 8 references, 5 of' v.-vich are
Card /'i

SOV/ 72-58-8-4/17
Nomogram "or the Dr-term-ination of the Specific Heat -I_',)nuUmj#ion in Glass
I
!"elt-ing
1. Gaiss--Melting 2. Heat--Measurement 3. Nomographs--Preparation
Card 3/,3

;"@'T'70R: Stepanenko, .11. SOV/72-c!1-9-1/2o
TITLE: The Efficiency of Glass Melting Tank Furnaces (Koeffitsiyent
.poleznogo deystviya vannykh s'ueklovarennykh pechey)
PERIODICAL: Steklo i keramika, 1958, Nr 91 PP 1 - 3 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The e-I'ficiency of pot and tank furnaces is usually com-
puted according to the following formula
IT- Q ut-ilized . 100 where Qapplied denotes the entire
Qepplied
heat content of the fuel burned in the furnace, and
",tilized denotes the amount of heat required for the
melting of the batch. For the computation of Qutilized
no customary method is established. Hence the results
obtained by different authors vary, as it is corroborated
by the papers by V.A.Kiizyak, A.A.Sukhov, D.B.Ginzburg
and @'.G.SteDanenko (Ref 1). The Soviet scientists
V.G.Gutop, D.3.Ginzbu--,r as well as foreign ones found
Card 1/3 that the conception of '@@uzilized as denoting only the

Tile Efficiency of Glass MeltinG Tank Furnaces SOV/72-18-9-1/2o
amount of heat required for the melting of the glass
is erroneous. They, hovievert abstained from giving a
precise definition of this quantity and thus did not
make possible a determination of the true value of the
efficiency ?L. According to Professor I.I.Kitaygorodskiy
(Ref 1) the reaction of glass formation of commercial
glass types proceeds according to information given
in the table. It *,an be seen that the de-gasification
of the melt requires higher temperatures than the melting
process proper. The amount of heat consumed in that
process must be added to 'the quantity of '@utilized.
Thus the efficiency of the furnace is increased as can
be seen from the figure. The computation of the heat
required for the de-gasification meets with difficulties.
On the basis of data published by a number of authors
(Maurakh, Udovenko, Ginzbura, Kuzyak, Sukhov) the heat
required for de-gasification can be assumed to amount -to
5e,- of the heat of eltii,g. Experiments carried out
by the Institut ispol'zov.,iniya gaz@ -I'AN USSR(Institute
of Gas Utilization AS USSR) and by the Teplotekhnicheskaya
Card 2/3 laboratoriya GIS(Heat Enginet@ring Laboratory GIS) yielded

The Efficiency of Glass Melting Tank Furnaces SOV/72-58-9-1/2o
the same results. A separate heating of the fining
zone permits to reduce the heat consumption. Investigations
of furnaces in operation permit to design perfected types
of furnaces, in which the melting and the fining zone
are run under optimum conditions. The values of QUtilized
computed in this way will permit to compare the advantages
of different furnace processes in a correct manner and to
pass an accurate judgement on them. There are I figure,
1 table, and 8 references, 5 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Gosudarstvennyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy institut stekla
(State Scientific Research Institute of Glass)
Card 3/3

'U
T' HORS
Kreclioar
1,1. G.
SOV/72-58-10-7/18
V. A.
Stepanenko
,
,
,

TITLE: influence Exerted by Gas Density of the Bricking of the
Regenerative Svstem of Glass-Melting Furnaces Upon Their
Efficiency (Vllyaniye gazoplotnosti kladki regenerativnoy
2-istemy steklovarennykh pechey na ikh koeffitsiYent poleznogo
deystviya)
PERIODICAL: Steklo i keramika, 1)58, TIr lo, pp 28-3o (USSR)
:'@.BSTRACT: Teplotekhnicheskaya laboratoriya Instituta stekla (Thermal
Engineering Laboratory of the Glass Institute) investigated
within the last two years a number of glass-melting tank
furnaces for the manufacture of sheet--lass. It was found
that by premature combustion of gas, by sucking of air of
untight bricking the heating power of the gas is reduced by
8-17 %. On the basis of numerous analyses of the composition
of generator gas in tank furnaces of the plants Lisichansk,
Gorlkiy, Konstantinovka imeni Oktyabrlskaya revolyutsiya
the diagram (Fiz 1) was established from which the heating
power of the gas in the individual cases can be determined.
Figure 2 shows the dependence of the burning temperature
Card 1/2 upon the quantity of excess air in the use of purified gas

SOV/72-58-10-7/18
Influence Exerted by (,as Density of the Bricking of the Regenerative System
of Glass-Melting Furnaces Upon Their Efficiency
in Gorlkovskiy stekollnyy zavod (Gorlkiy Glass WoAs. ) as
well as of gas not purified in Bytoshevskiy stekollnyy zavod
(Bytosh Glass WoAs). ', In order to obtain a certain
temperature level in the furnace, more gas must be added,
thus increasing the fuel consumption (Fig 3). These deficien-
cies were observed in all furnaces exalined by the Glass
institu'e. In order to eliminate these deficiencies it -s
necessary to seal $he joints in the brick work as described
in the papers of Ifokbratyan. At present, D. B. Ginzburg,
IA. A. ';.,Iatveyev (MKhTI) are carrying out experiments with a
new sealing plaster in the plant imad ODrlkiy. The fiiel-oonsump-
tion of the furnace is reduced by sealing of the walls,
thus increasing the output of the furnace considerably. There
are 3 figures.
Card 2/2

15(2)
AUTHOR: Stepanenko, M. G. SOV/72-58-12-3/23
TITLE: Gas-Electric Tank Furnaces for Glass !Zeltin,3 (Gazo-
elektricheskiye steklovarennyye vannyye pechi)
PERIODICAL: Steklo i keramika, 11058, Nr 12, pp 6 - 13 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: As an examole of such installations, 'the autho2
describes the furnaces of the Karkula factory
(Finland), featuring a combined oil and electric
U
heating system. (Figs 1,2 and 3). The latter is
effected by means of special air atomizers and
molybdenum electrodes. The workinc- temperature of the
furnaces amounts to 1530 - 15500 0(crystallizing range)
and 11500 (feeding range). Figures 4 and 5 show the
arran--ement of the electrodes. Further, the fuel
consumption in the furnaces and the current density
of the electrodes are indicated and described as being
too high for molybdenum electrodes, according to the
paper by E.V.Borell (Ref 1). In fig-ure 6 'the electrodes
are distributed in such a way as to secure their
Card 113 sy=etrical j)erformance; the author assumes the

Gas-Electric Tank Furnaces for Glass Helting SOV/72-58-12-3/23
oueration of the electrodes to be i nd ividual" 1Z.- cortrorl I ed
The table shows the specific heat consumption,
depending on the specific output at a tank surface of
20_m2; in figure 7 this dependence is represented
graphically. In conclusion the author states that
.-as-electric furnaces represent a progressive furnace
type and that it would be therefore useful to
adopt them in the Jlass industry yf the USSR for'
the manuICacturing of piece products. The construction
of such furnaces must be sped up in the Moldavskaya SSR.
At the Gorlkovskiy stekollnyy zavod Lror1kovs11y
glassworks) the changing over of a large furnace
producing 140-160 t sheet glass a day to the gas-
electric heatin.,r system is to be effected. As no
experience in this connection has yet been made, the
performance of these furnaces is to be thoroia.vhly
investijated, in order to obtain the prerequisites
for thle quickest possible charging over of other sheet.
glass producing furnaces. Measures must also be taken,
in order to secure the production of molybdenum electrodes
Ca r d 2 3 in the USSR. There are 7 figures, 1 table and 1 Soviet

Gas-Electric Tank Furnaces for Glass Melting sov/72-56-12-3/23
reference.
Card 3/3

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VILNIS, K.K.; POLLYAK. SUFAHMO, M.G.
Most satisfactory temperature conditions for the melting end oi
glass tank furnaces. Stek. i ker. 15 no.4:1-@'Ap-158. NIRA-Ili5)
1. Institnt stekla.
(Glass furnaces)

15(2), 15(6) SOV/72-59-3-3/19
AUTHORS: Vilnis, K. K., Stepanenko, D1. G@
TITLE: Heat Exchange Between the Char-e and the Hearth of the Glass
C,
M,elting Furnace(Teploobmen Tetlidu shikhtoy i plamennym
prostranstvom steklovarennoy pechi)
PERIODICAL: Steklo i keramika, 1959, Nr 3, pp 8 - 11 (USSR)
ABSTRIICT: The authors state that data contained in publications are
very contradictory with respect to the dependence of the
melting rate of glass as well as the furnace efficiency on
temperature (Figs 1 and 2),
and are therefore not a reliable
basis for the intensification of the melting process in
tank furnaces. Relatively few investigations have so far been
carried out in the field of heat exchan-e research (D. B.
Ginzburg, Ref 1). The present paper offers an explanation
,e between the upper furnace structure, the
of heat exchanF
CJML-ge, and the char -e foam in the melting region, basing
,5 shows the dependence
on K. K. Vilnin' paper (Ref 2). Pi@qiro '
Card 1/2 of temperature of the charlire stirface on the ma.-Inittide of

Heat Excliant.,e Between the and the Hearth of the SOV/72-59-3-3/19
Glass MeltinL Furnace
the heat current flo-,%,inC onto it, and figure 4 depicts
the heat amount absorbed by the charlire, Figure 5 gives the
variations of temperature in every point of the char..e stir-
face. Tht@ heat amount absorbed by tile melting zone depends,
firstly, on the ratio of tile areas occupied by the char@e
and the charje foam, and secondly, on the --i-agnitude of the
absolute temperature in the upper structure. The efficiency
increase of tank furnaces for .-laso melting is not only
brought about by providing high temperatures, but also by
the rational exDloitat-ion of thc. heat exchanje both in the
gas zone and in the glass mass. Further accurate invPf--fi-@a-
tions are reouired for this _jurpose. There are fi@ttres
and 4 references, 3 of which are Soviet.
Card 2 2

15(2)
AUTHORS: Stepaneako.., M. G@ Favlov, V, S. SOVI/72@59-4-2/21
TITLE- On the Effect of a Bloc:king Device on the Thermal BalwAA of
the Cooling Part of a Tank Furnace ( 'Vliyaniye zagraditellnogo
ustroystva na teplovoy balans studochnoy chasti vannoy pechi)
PERTODICAL,. Steklo i keramika.. '1959 kIr 4, pp 6-11 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: For the purpose of increasing the specific output of wtal@,
the melting temperature of the furnace must be increased. Since
the working temperature of the glass mass must, however, remain
unchanged in this case, the processing part of the furnace had
to be screened off, Howe-wer. it was found in this connection
that the temperature of the flow of the glass mass to be
processed was considerably lower, Since nothing else had been
changed in the design of the furnace this could only be ex-
plained by the introduCtion of the lower colder glass mass
into the flow to be proceased which was confirmed by temper-
ature measurements performed by the teplotekhnicheskaya labora-
toriya JnBtituta stekla (Heat Engineering Laboratory of the
Glass Institute) and foreign investigations (Ref 1). This
might.. however, cause deterioration of the quality of the
Card 1/3 glass mass. For' this reason, inve3tigations had to be carried

On the Effect of a Blocking Device on 'the Thermal SOV/72-59-4-2/21
Balance of the Cooling Part of a Tank Furnace
out in order to find a design of screening which would guaran-
tee an increased output of glass mass without a deterioration
of the quality,, In figures 1,20, and 4 the different types of
furnaces with and without shuttle are shown and discussed.
The velocity of the upper layer of the glass mass was deter-
mined by using floats and the amount of the convection cur.-
rents by using the A. A, Sokolov formula (Ref 2). In table I
the technical and operational characteristics of the furnaees
investigated are given and table 2 gives the thermal balances
of the cooling parts of the tank furnaces, In table 3 the
balance of the glass mass in the range of the blocking devices
of the furnacesis given, Maximum specific temperature drops may
be observed in tanks with deeply immersed shuttles and low
screens. This explains the opinions expressed by I- I, Tukh
and M. B, Epellbaum (Ref 3). In table 4 the thermal balances
of the flow to be processed in the range of the screening device
of the furnaces investigated are given, Figure 5 shows the
dependence of the output of first-quality glass on the coef-
ficient of the introduction of the metal@ The investigations
Card 2/3 carried out of the furnace output as well as the operational

On the Effect of a Blocking Device on the Therma' SOV/72@59-4-2/21
0 1.
Balance of the Cooling Past of a Tank Furnace
and technical values are considered to be a beginning of the
investigations of a screening device which makes it possible
to find an optimum design and optimum operational conditions
for increasing the fusibility of the tank furnaces without
risks- The influence exercised by the blocking device on the
quality of the production must also be thoroughly investigated.
There are 5 figures- 4 tables, and 4 references,, 3 of which
are Soviet..
Card 313

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/5484
.3tepanenko, Mikhall Georgiyevich
Puti sovershenstvovaniya vannykh steklovarehnykh pechey (Ways of
TMproving Vat Glass Furnaces) Moscow, Gosstroyizdat, 1960. 160 p.
Errata slip inserted, 2,200 copies printed,
Sponsoring Agency: Gosudarstvennyy nauchno-lasledovatellskiy
institut stekla,
Ed. of Publishing Housei S. A, Gladysheva; Tech. Ed.: L. A.
GeraBimuk.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for glass technologists.
COITERAC7': 2he book describes reverberatory, electric, and gas-and-
e1e-;-,1c vat furnaces for the manufacture of glass. Heating
methods.,fuel supply, heat distribution,, heat exchange, w6rk space
arrangements and the effect of partition structures on the oper-
tional efficiency of these in large industrial furnaces are dis-
cussed. Recommendations are made for improvements in the design
and construction of special purpose vat glass furnaces. The
Card-1,/3-

Ways of Improving (Cont.) SOV/5484
author thanks 1. 0, Tomashevich and V. V. Pollyaks Candidates
of Technical Sciences; K. K. Vilnis., Scientific Worker; V. S.
Pavlov, As irant; and V. D. Soskova, Junior Scientific Worker,
There are E4 references: 56 Soviet, 20 German, and 8 E@glish.
TABIZ OF CONTENTS:
Introduction 3
Ch. I. Present State of Glass Vat Furnaces in the USSR 5
C". 11. Vat Furnace as a Technological Unit
9
Ch. III. Glass Furnace as a Heat Exchange Unit 14
Ch. IV. Prospects of Developing and Increasing the Technical
and Economic Efficiency of Glass Furnaces 138
Card- 2/3--@

PATRIN, P.A.1 in2h.; KISBVW, V.Y.; TSIPEMK, M.I.. Inzh.;
YonisiffsKry, #.A., iand.tekhn.nauk; SIDOV, V-G-.
LURIYIC, K.S.; STAPARIM, N.G., prof.
Over-all mechanization and automatization of the heat
treatment nf ceramic stones (comment on K.r. Rogovyi's
and D.O. X)novalov's article). Stroi. mat. 6 no,3:25-27
Mr 160. (NTRA 13:6)
1. Severo-Kavkazakaya nauchno-isaledovatellskaya stantslya
po stroltalletyu i stroitellnym materialam (for Patrin).
2. Zaveduyushchly laboratoriyey tresta karagandastroymate-
rialy (for Kishenev). 3. Ukrgiprostroymterialy (for
TSIpenok). 4. Zaveduvushchiy kafedroy energeticheskogo
oboradovanlya i avtomatiki RostovBkogo inzhenerno-stroitell-
nogo inatituta (for Voznesenskiy). 5. Glavnyy inzhener
inatituta Roestromoproyekt (for Sedov). 6. Glavnyy teplo-
tekhnik instituta Rosstromproyekt (for Lurlye).
(Kilns) (Automtic control)

STAPA"MO, N.G.
I ....... ...
'Glass" by N.Uchalov. Reviewed by M.G.5tepanenko. Stek.i ker.
17 no.3:48 Mr 16o.' OURA 13:6)
(Glass manufacture)
(F-achaloy, N.)

STEPANENKO,, M.G.; PAVLOV, V.S.
Ways of improving the productivity of pot furnaces for plate glass.
Stek.i ker. 18 no.8:12-15 Ag 161. (IOU 14:8)
(Glass furnaces)

cl",;r-, .IT, CIS 111;, 2.1,
C
'7lOctrOchc-'c,-d activztion 0-7 c=czlts. Do-'-!. -'l:' 141
0-1:172-175 ("IMI. 14:11)
-rodsta-vleno akadpi-,z':c,i 1.V.Belo,.-r....
L@ . -
(Cement)
(Eloctroeher-istry)

NOKHRATYAN, Koryun Amazaspovich, kand. tekhn. nauk;,�T7 _ M.G.,
--
doktor tekhn. nauk, prof., nauchnyy red.; NAUI-;'OV, M.M.., kand.
tekhn. mai*,, nauchnyy red.; ROGOVOY, M.I., laureat Gosudarstven-
noy premli, nauchrqy red.; KOSYAK321A, Z.K., red. izd-va; RUDAKOVA,
N.I., tekhn. red.
(Drying and firing in the structural ceramis industry]Sushka i ob-
zhig v pron7shlennosti stroitellnoi keramiki. Moskva, Gosstroi-
izdat, 1962. 602 p. (@aRA 15:12)
(Ceramics) (Building materials)

STEPANEUKO, M.G., doktor tekbn.nauk, prof.; PAVLOV, V.S.
Method of calculating tank glass furnaces with developed working
end arrangements. Stek. i ker. 19 no-3:1-6 Mr '62. (MIRA 15:3)
(Glass furnaces)

doktor tekhn.nauk, prof.; LIFSHITS, A.V., inzh.;
SIMIN., G.F., inzh.
Study of heat exchange in tunnel ki-1ns during the firing of
ceramic wall materials. Stroi.mat. 8 no.7:28-30 JI 162.
(MMA 15: 8)
(Ceramics) (Kilns)

VI LNIS, dolitor tii-h ntiuk [decea
A.Yu., imli.
Opt, r,-,Al depth of furnaces for dark green glass. Stek. i ker.
21 rio.1:0,-13 Ja 164. (WRA 17: 8)
1. Institut stekla (for Vilnis, Steparienko). 2. Krasnodarskiy
utekolvnyy zavod (for Kaplan).

83579
S/056/60/038/005/012/050
Boo6/BO70
X@ 10
AUTHORS: Kovallskiy, N. G., Podgornyy, I. M., Stepanenko, M. M.
TITLE; Investigation of Fast Electronsfin Strong Pulse Dischargesf
PERIODICAL% Zhurnal eksperimentallnoy i teoreticheskoy fiziki, 1960,
Vol. 38, No. 5, PP. 1439-1445
TEXT: At firsty the authors describe the experimental arrangement and the
method of measurement. The apparatus used was essentially similar to the
pulse-generator used for earlier investigations. The condenser bank
consisted of 12 condensers of the type AM -3/50 (IM-3/50) with a total
capacity of 36/AF. The discharge chamb'&r was of porcelain, and had a
length of 1 m and a diameter of 17 cm. During one discharge, the condenser
bank supplied up to 45 kv. The discharge chamber was evacuated after each
discharge and filled anew with gas (hydrogen, deuterium, or spectrally
pure inert gases). The authors (partly in collaboration with others) had
observed in earlier studies (Refs. 1-4) the appearance of a hard
X-radiation and an acceleration of electrons (up to (300t2O)kev for an VV/
initial discharge voltage of 40 kv) while investigating controlled
Card 1/4

83579
investigation of Fast Electrons in Strong S/056/60/038/005/012/050
Pulse Discharges BOo6/BO70
thermonuclear reactions. Following these studies@'the authors investigated
the dependence of the maximum electron energy on the parameters of the
discharge. The dependence of the limiting energy in the electron spectrum
on the pressure of hydrogen in the discharge chamber (in the range
4.10-31 p0@==6.10_1 torr) was determined by means of a magnetic spectro-
graph, and is shown in Fig, 1. In the range 2.10- 24 P04!:-1-3-10-1torr the
curve shows a high maximum; the peak value of the electron energy is
295kav. The pressure dependence of the electron energies is analogous to
the pressure dependence of neutron yield in discharges in deuterium, but
deviates somewhat from the pressure dependence of the intensity of the
hard X-radiation. The dependence of the limiting electron energy (EO) on
the initial voltage Uo was also investigated (for po @ 7.10-2torr, in H2)'
Fig. 2 shows E0 (U0) in the range 30< UA45 kv. E 0 steeply rises with U 0
up to Uo - 40 kv, and then falls. Further, Eo was determined as a function
of the strength of an external magnetic field in the range O< H