SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT SHREDNIK, V.N. - SHREDNIK, V.N.

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• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
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• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

SL 126-5-3-11/3*1
AUTHORS: Komar, A.P. andaSbj:~e *~411,wvnlow.
TITLE; agp Transformation of Zirconium as ObservP4 by Means of
an Electronic Projector (Prevrashcheniya a 4- P tsirkoniya
po r.ablyudeniyam s pomoshchlyu elektronnogo proyektora)
PERIODICAL: Fizika Metallov i Met-allovedenlye, 1957, Vol V, Nr 3,
pp 452-464 + 1 plate (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The aim of the work described in this paper, which was
started before the publication of the paper by E.G.Brock
'(Phys. Rev., 1955, Vol 100, p 1619), was to evaluate the
potentialities of the electron projector method for
studying phase transformations; to verify by means of
this method the crystallographic relations between the
lattices of a and 0 zirconium obtained by Burgers by
means of tb~e X-ray method on macroscopic specimens; to
elucidate the role of the size and shape of the crystal
on the type of mutual orientation of the lattices of the
cc and P p4ases. The authors took into consideration
the fact that study of zirconium by means of an electron
projector is of great interest also from the experimenta-
tion point of vievv, Muller (Ref.6). So far no regular
Pictures of auto-electron emission of zirconium has been
Card 1/6 obtained proving symmetry of the crystal. Even in the

126-5-3-11/31
cc;j�0 Transformation of Zirconium as Observed by Means of an
Electronic Projector
best vacuum only irregular spots of auto-electron emission
are obtained which are due apparently to various
contaminations of the crystal surface. In their e)Teri-
ments7 the authors used an ordinary electron projector
as described by Muller (Ref.6). The anode consisted of
a layer of "conducting glass" (Ref.8) on the inside of a
spherical glass flask, the surface of which was coated
by villemite. The viork was carried out with projectors
which were continuously evacuated as well as sealed
projectors containing tantalum getters. The (XV-1 P
phase transformation is investigated for zirconium single
crystals of sizes ofthe order of one micron. By using
the electron projector method it is possible to observe
visually the transforming crystal at a magnification of
100 000 times. Emission pictures were obtained of crystals
of the cubic (P zirconium) as well as the hexagonal
(a zirconium) syrametry. The results confirmed the
relations published by Burgers, W.G.,(Physica, 1934, Vol 7,
P 561) Usually during transformation only one of the
Card 2/6 possible orientatiopi~: of the new phase relative to the

a.-c-Ap Transformation of Zirconium as Observed by blean n
Electronic Projector
initial phase manifests itself, which is attributed to
the considerable role of the surface energy in the case
of crystals of small dimensions. Signs of dislocation
have been detected in zirconium crystals, which are
attributed to a diffusionless mechanism of transformation.
The method of identification and of indication of the
emission pictures of the faces of the zirconium crystal
is explained in para-3. Since in the first approximation
the shape of.the end of the projector point can be
assumed as being semi-spherical and since the dimensions
of the radius of the point are considerably smaller than
the radius of the sphere of the projector, the electric
field between the point and the sphere of the projector
can,in the given approximation,be considered as the field
of a spherical condenser in which the electrons vill move
along radii of the projector sphere. On hitting the
villemite screen, the electrons will produce light on the
screen'and uill produce on the sphere of the projector
an,orthogonal projection of the faces and edges of the
crystal. On this projection it is easy to designate the
Card 3/6centres of the faces which can be considered as being

126-5-3-11/31
(X;j�0 Transformation of Zirconium as Observed by Means of an
Electronic Projector
spherical projections of the normals to the edges.
Obviously, this spherical projection of the normals can
easily be inter-related with the gnomo-stereographic
projection of the crystal which also enables deciphering
the auto-emission picture, which is described. The
results of the experiments are described in para.4,which
deals with the structure of the face surface and auto-
emission as well as with the picture of auto-emission and
of a;-L!P transformation of zirconium. The results are
evaluated in para.5. The following conclusions are
arrived at:
1. By means of the electron projector it is possible to
determine from the hature- bf the faces of A crystal pqint,the
mutual orientation of the lattices of the individual
phases during- .- polymorphous transformations. For the
case of zirconium, the mutual orientation of the lattices
of the a and the P phases, earlier determined by
Burgers by means of the X-ray method, was confirmed.
2. The polymorphous tra nsformation of zirconium in the
Card 4/G case of crystals with linear dimensions of the order of a,

126-5-3-11/31
(X*'~p Transformation of Zirconium as Observed by Means of an
Electronic Projector
micron -takes place according to the non-diffusional
method throughout the entire volume of the crystals.
3. The non-equilibrium pseudo-morphous crystal of the
accompanying phase becomes transformed into the
equilibrium state in the case of high surface mobility
of the atoms so that the faces with low indices of the
basic and the accompanying crystals remain strictly or
approximately parallel.
4. In the case of the studied zirconium crystals, with
linear dimensions of about 11i, those possible orientations
become materialised during transformations which involve
a minimum change of the surface energy.
5. The temperature of the polymorphous transformation of
the zirconium depends strongly on the quantity of the
nitrogen and oxygen absorbed by the zirconiumlincreasing
with increasing concentration.
6. The observed faces of the zirconium crystals with cubic
symmetry are not equilibrium faces of pure zirconium but
equilibrium faces of crystals of the solid solution of
Card 5/6 nituro6en and zirconium in presence of a strong electric

126-5-3-11/31
u.;�O Transformation of Zirconium as Observed by Means of an
Electronic Pli-ojector
field and a high temperature.
7. T"he layer by layer spiral destruction of crystals of
hexa~~,-onal symmetry in a reverse electric field beEins
from the centres.of the faces (1120), (1012), (1012) and
(2!10) and this is possibly due to the presence of spiral
dislocations,the ax-es of v-.Thich are normal to the
respective atomic planes of the hexagonal lattice.
There a3~e,8 fi-gures and 23 references, ? of which are
Soviet, ? German, 9 English.
ASSOCIATION: Lening-radskiy fiziko-telrhnicheskiy institut AN SSSR
(Leninsrad Physico-Technical Institute, Ac.Sc., USSR)
SUBMITTED: Novem-ber 9, 1956
1. Zirconium--Transformations 2. &rconium crystals--Lattices
3. Single cry~tals--Physical properties 4. Electron microscopy
Card 6/6

'AUTHOR: KOVAR,A.P., SHH_DNIK V N. PA 2089
TITLE.,,' Investigat - 4
Transformation 0 P ZF with
l
totropices-
the Aid of an Electronic Projector. ~Izucenie a
kogo prevrag6enija a Zr pri pomosSi elektronnogo pro-
ektora, Russian).
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Eksperimentaltnoi i Teore'~-.Fiziki, 1957, Vol 32, Nr 1,
PP 184-184 (U.S.S.R.) -
Received: 3 / 1957 Reviewed: 4 / 1957
ABSTRACT: The use of an electron projector permits the visual measuring
of phase transformations on small crystals of the order of
from 10-4 to 10-5 cm in the case of a resolving power of
100 - 20 1. The investigation of the transformation in such
small crystals is in itself interesting because with these
dimensions the surface energy must eiercise growing influence
on transformations. The present work makes use of the usual
electron projector developed by MUELLER, which has a zirconium
point the monoorystalline end of which served fis a test ob-
ject. The quality of the vacuum was of particula.~: importance
,because the oxides, nitrides, or carbides which possibly form
with heating, are presenting difficulties with regard to
melting and volatility, and therefore do not leave the point
in the vacuum.
Card 1/3

PA - 2089
investigation of the Allotropic Transformation a Zr with
the Aid of an Slectronic Projector.
2) Condensation of large quantities of zirconium from a foreign
source on the surface of the zirconium point in a vacuum of the
order of 10 -8 torr. On the occasion of the heating of the point
beyond transformation temperature (8620 C) a P-Zr crystal is
formed which is transformed in its entire volume into a uniform
crystal of a-Zr when cooled. The P-a transformation process
is not always geometrically reversible. On the occasion of
P -~ a-transition 12, and in the case of a --) P transition
6 orientations of the new phase may occur. However, experiments
showed that in the case of the observed monoorystals usually
one (more rarely two) of the possible orientations of the new
phase could be realized. If heating was carried out over a
longer period, transformation temperature rose noticeably.
k5SOCILTION: Leningrad Physical-Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences
of the USSR
PRESENTED BY:
SUBUITTED,.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 3/3

V.
"The Investigation of Phase Transformation."
papar WMM submitted for presentation at Fourth Intl Conference on Electron
Microscopy, Berlin, GFR, 10-17 Sep 58.
Physical Technical Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad.
C-3,800,&029-, 25 Jul 58.

AUTHOR: Shrednik, V. 11. 48-22-5-15/22
TITLE: Zirconium and Barium Adsorption on Tungsten and the Electron
Work Function (Adsorbtsiya, tsirkoniya i bariya na vollframe i
rabota vykhoda elektronov) Data on the VIII All Union Conference
on Cathode Electronics, Leningrad, October 17-24, 1957 (Materialy
VIII Vsesoyuznogo soveshchaniya po katodnoy elektronike, Lenin-
grad, 17-24 oktyabrya 1957 9.)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SISSR,Seriya Fizicheskaya, 1958,
Vol. 22, Nr 5, PP- 594 - 604 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The method of field ele3tron microscope (Reference 1) permits
a visual observation of surface processes of an order of
magnitude of 1o) ard at a resolving power of 40-50 It. It led~
already to a realization of very fine phenomena on the surface
of monocrystals. The Zr-W-system has never been included in
these possibilities if examination. A short review of literature
follows. Only the part of the paper concerning mainly the change
of emission properties of the not wj e d p condensate of Zr
on W at increasing Zr concentrationsixpluined. The experiments
Card 1/4 with Ba on W have been carried out only qualitatively by way

Zirconium and Barium Adsor:Aion on Tunesten and the 48-22-5-15/22
Electron Work Function
of comparison as something is already known about it (Refer-
ence 2,4,5,9). The method applied gives no guarantee for an
exact determination of the absolute values of yfor tungsten,as
the surface may have contained an admixture of zirconium.
Neverthelefs ~he work function determined according to formula
(2)'fx=L* (T _x)2/3 gives a more reliable characteristic of the
1W a OW
real than the voltage required for the prescribed current.
Further the author determines the average autoemission-work-
-function
3/2 j 3/2 (Xpy)dS
S
(3)
jdS
S
For the need of an expenditure of energy to form a layer with
Card 2/4 a minimum work function two explanations are possible: 1) In

Zirconium and Barium Ad2orption on Tungsten and the 48-22-5-15/22
Electron Work Function
Card 3/4
the case of an atom adsorption on a "cold" surface, and if
the atoms have no possibility to move away, the forming of a
second layer will begin before the first layer is filled. Even
in assuming that the second layer will be formed only after
the completion of the first layer, the first adsorbed layer
annot produce a maximum admissible packing without a free
displacement of atoms on the surface, if the radius of the latter
is bigger than the minimum distance between the adsorption
Points(Reference 8). In a statistical impact of atoms upon the
lattice the "Blackfield" as well as the "White-field-spot-phasell
will be formed (figure 8). At the points of contact of these
spots boundaries will occur with a lesserdensity of the adsorbed
layer. At a temperature rise, earpecially. at a presence of atoms
of the second layer which are more movable than those of the
first layer, a movement of the boundaries and a fusion of the
spots belonging to the same phases is possible. II. The other
surmise does not require the assumption that the minimum of the
work function 0 = 1. A partial ionisation is purely of a quantum
nature (References 19,2o). It can be assumed that Zr-atoms

Zirconium and Barium Adoorption on Tungsten and the 40-22-5-15/22
Electron Work Function
adsorbed on the W surface are at room temperature not or only
slightly ionised. A. P. Komar discussed the results of the
vork and Yu. 11. Talanin added several critical remarks to the
text. In the discussion concerning this paper N. D. Morgulis,
I. L. Sokol' skaya, G. N. Shuppe, hl. I. Yelinson and the author
took part. There are 7 figures and 2o references, 8 of which
are Soviet,
ASSOCIATION: Leningrad3kiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut Akademii nauk SSSR
(Leningrad Ph~rsical-Technical Institute AS USSR)
1. Zirconium--Adsorption. 2. Barium--Adsorption 3. Tungsten--Ad-
sorptive properties 4. Work functions 5. Electron microscopes
--Applications
Card 4/4

GG'262
_24k6-)- 9,312.0 SOV/181-1-7-18/21
AUTHOR; Shrednik, V. N.
TITLE: On the Deciphering of Autoemiasion Images of Metal Film Cathodes
PERIODICAL: Fizika tverdogo tela, 1959, Vol 1, Nr 7, PP 1134-1139 (USSR)
ABSTRACTi The luminosity distribution of autoemitting images in electronic
projector depends on the distribution,of the electronic work
function as well as on the distribution of the local electric
field intensity on the surfame--of -the -object-in-queation. 4- por_-7
sible kinds of experimental procedure are Proposed to measure
the effect of these 2 factors in an investigation-of film cathodes
in a projector. The 4 method&are: 1) Method of additional
vaporized metal coating 2) Use of electronic thermo-autoemisision.
3) Record of the face b; the "craters" formed in its neighbor-
hood. 4) Use of the lattice reconstruction in an electric field.
The emission images of the systems Zr-W and Ba-W are represent-
ed by photographs in figures 1 and 3 (the vaporizing of Zr or
Ba took different times and'*as followed by special treatment.
of the vaporized coat) and were analyzed by different methods.
Academician of the AS UkrSSR A. P. Komar and I)oeent G. N.
Card 1/2 Shuppe took interest in this work and gave valuable advices

*4
1, r 01 is, 11
A
1" ^'
SOW III residual stressless on the Jim t of fe 1,
to red feel. Yu A. Orlict ond M X. 4JffCjbrr. j1e
7r, "is(,. (if, 8. s. R.) if, 7(xi iowsoj.-'rhe sire
1A.". %In 0.29 and M 0.17%, was _00
.,in, C 1.19'. C,
Irmtwr"l I,- PrOlli- and 1~1 Brinell bsurdn"s
IS2. 11) I)PIlls. Ill tesidual stresses were mark an prism-
imitict-l-rix 1.1, X oo non.: I be sp--horns were quenched
ittint SJW~ MV and WOP; currexivndinst ami-i. of
RoA well hardne*%
00 H C) wa, front 62.5 (SAl') to 64 (F!A]*). Dkirtlitt.
file ri'; Colopf".joll. un".,
its the ventcul atitir ar(&und the aziq. cbout I min. thick;
6-11vil'u'll tit III, Intel luediate xotir. 1-4 nin. from center,
kst'."fl. 111111. at sil'out 21.6 awis -if
strV%6 upwr effiriently than%, hr%, at 165" or 5 hr$. at I"Wl'.
000 011tv nume Issit,ing thrmigh zeroztul lakinic flit (2) The fatigue enduraner limit L wax drid, by alternating
Ku of max. at the outer stirfare to min. ot,tioll teNts aft cylindrical silecintem at 4INX) levololiuns 80*
*0 Is It-1111 axi'l, :Ill Lf. 'q. Fults. when qtwnched frn"j S20" pcr min. Fur specilliens qu tichtd frosti WIt", MV &lilt
:C' kit - sq, liltu. (fioto X15'1. 42 ;. 4q. Into. (front grit% unif-inly tempeted at"lio'. I hr., the values of L
lilt '11wil'-billif fr"ot KO' Mod tel"PEdlig Ili 151), 1 15, at,- Gnind. rest).. to be W. 65, .1,13 Mu.. R fwj
I.V). 10-) and :.hit)', for 1. 3 "fill 11S tit%.. auxtenite th"I's and (M5 011.11; flurnriling 1211if'Wilily 1111111 NW1, AnA17,
tr-In 7 % t I ;A I") to .6% (210'. 1 1 r .). 4% (IM'. 4 lu"'. varying (lie Vou'litiml, of trulswring MWAS)" 1-1 WO
R front 63 11.'10*) to do (=)*. I hr.); after I hr.. 150'. 1
only results in sonic stragalls a u( 1. and M. Thrre i, III$. Zee
ail OA It-57, C is in soln.'. after I hr. at 250'. there Is still viouslY no Paraticlism between lite dependence I,( L Ott
C in . r(M_ J~ a
In. Vi,tribution of stre~stn; along the c thermal treatment and the behavior of residual .1rcswsl f
fifativrly the "sne aA in the mantenitscred this contradicts the conceptions of Thum. Fatigue tn. 00
or W, "I inthetentercoulprewfull8k1t./ durance is merely detd. by the structur,4 obtained as a
1. . - Us---
sq.titat.; middle zone. site x. tit en3ion' .4 k a./ *q. nuo.; stir- rt~tilt of quenching. 1, being max. f,wcrylk'ccry%t. mart
fa~. cotupre-Ion III kg./sq. mm. At 150'. extension of site anti earbidef; feltilwting in the temp. interval 1150.!~' e
tvinSwring twyond 2-3 hr%. does not result in any further -title, ahluIush %I has a tuarli-
Sjl~ al,,ex not affect the strut "I
chatip of the ~trcss at the surface which remains at about Tect on the relaxation ofstres,,~es. Results ,btaiucd "I
mr' of that eiwre%pouding to the specimen quenched from sfccimens with rectangular crois-sectio" Are not coot. e
tie vf troll). 6 oluvis snore efficient than time: Parable with those found with cylladric3d specisnens,
N. Thon i
;b;1',, truiperinic at ISO for I hr, fedurm the "Itilostr-
C.z..
J.1
U n
r__4 -4c 4" keg
it '.4
0 or

"The :~achinability of Alloyed Structural Steel." Stanki I Instrument Vol.15, I-To. 3,
1944
BR 52C59019

SHRLYBER, G. K.
Vinogradov, V. N., E. L. Markhasin, and G. K. Shreyber.
"Optimal Content of Carbon in Steel Used for Cutters of Rock Bits"

P
:1 and fz!ru7U-,-. =f~ers

VINOGRADOV, VAT, kand.takhn.nauk; MLRKHASIN, E.L., kaud.tekuhn.nauk;
SHRETBDR, G.K., kand.takhn.nauk
Optimum carbon content of steel suitable for manufacturing cone
bits. Trudy MTI no.20:165-171 '57. (14M 13:5 )
.(Boring maohinery) (Steel--Analysis)

MALINKINA, Yovdokiya Illinishna, 16nd.'teldm. nauk; SHRA7BXR, G.K., dots.,
red,'; MMALI, B.I., tekhn, red,*
[Orack formation duringheat treatment of steel] Obiazovanis
treshchin pri termicheskol obrabotke stall, Nookm, Goo.
nauchno-tekhn. izd-vo mashinostroit. lit-ry, 1958. 159 p'
(Steel-Heat treatment) N& lug)

TARAN, V.D., prof., doktor tekhn.nauk; SHREYBER,G.K., dotsent, kand.
tekhn.nauk; SKUGOROTA, L.P., kand.takhn.nauk; SAAKIYAN, L.S.,
assistant, kanEl.tek4n.nauk; IRMA-ZAKSON, R.I., kand.tekhn.nauk;
POLFICROV, A.P., inzh., starshiy prepodavatell.
[Studying the materials used in the petroleum industry] Neftianoe
materialovedenia. Pod obshchei red. V.D.Tarana. Moak7a. Moak.
in-t neftekhim. i gazovoi promyshl. Pt.l. CSteel and cast iron)
Stali i chuguny. 1959. 179 P. (MIRA 13:1)
(steel) (Cast iron) -

KARKHASIN, Emanuil Livovich, dotsent, kand.tekhn.nauk [deceased]; SOXIM,,
Gennadir.Kons.tantiAqvich, doteent. kand.tekhn.asuk; SVYATITSKAYA,
Veduehchiy red.; POWSINA, A.S., tekhn.red.
Surface hardening of machine and equipment parts for the petroleum
Inal-latryl Poverkhnostnoe uprochnenie detalei neftianogo oborado-
vaniia i instrumenta. Moskva, Gos.nauchno-tekhn.izd-vo neft. I
gorno-toplivnoi lit-ry, 1959. 179 P. I (MIRK 12:5)
(Hard facing) (Petroleum industry-Equipment and supplies)

PRIDINTSAV, Kikhail Vasillyevich; LANSKAYA, Kseniya Alekseyevna; 4HREYM..-
G.K, d.; BERLIN, Ye.M., red.izd-va; ISLINVIEVA, P.G., tekhn.red.
[Stools for constructing boilers] Stalil-Atie kotlostroanila..Mookva,
Goa.nauchno-t9khn.izd-vo lit-ry po chernoi itsvetnoi metallurgii.
1959. 303 P. ' (KIRA 12:3)
(Steel. Structural) (Boilers)

S/129/61/000/004/010/012
E073/E535
AUTHORS: Shreyber, G. K., Candidate of Technical Sciences and

Engineer
Kan, A.,
TITLE: Reaidual Stresses During Surface Hardening of Steel

PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov,
ig6i, zio.4, pp.44-49
TEXT*.; The authors attempted to determine analytically the
magnitude and the character of residual stresses which arise
during surface hardening in various zones of a cYlifidrj6AI-steel.
specimen. The residual thermal stresses in a solid,.-~-
cylindrical specimen can be determined by means of the following
approximate formulae.
R
1. Hardened .
zone: TE
1+
2
R
r2
R2 r2
r2
3
72-

ard 1/ 1.0 R2 (2) (2)
2 A2

S/l29/6l/ooo/oo4/olo/oi2
Residual Stresses During Surface .... B073/E535

R2 - R1.
ATE
iL R2
X 2 L2- - 1
(6)

2
),
R
,,
'
th
d
i
n
ese equations a
a and a
are, respectively, the ra
ial,
'
T oc
R
tangential and axial
t
resses, m - coefficient of linear If; y ~il
expansion, IL - Poisson coefficient, E - Young's modulus,~
T - temperature difference between the internal and external
layers of the cylinder, R - radius, as shown in Fig.l. In deriv-
ing these formulae the following assumptions were made.,
1. Cooling is only from the external surface of the specimen;
2. the temperature distribution in the heated layer is..symmetrical
relative to the axis of the cylinder and is constant along its lerketh, 1,
3. the magnitudes of the axial deformations, which are sufficiently
distant from the end faces, are the same and equal the relative
axis deformation of a specimen of unit length;
4. the values of Ii, a and E in the range of elastic defoi~mations
are independent of the temperature.
Card 3/10

S/129/61/000/004/010/012
Residudl Stresses During Surface.... E073/E535
Analysis of the above formulae indicates that.during surface.
harden 'ing of cylindrical components,the stresses in the surface will
always consist of axial compression stresses and-tangential residual
thermal stresses, the magnitude of which depends on the thickness
of the heated layer and its temperature. Fig.2 gives the dependence
of the maximum tangential thermal residual stresses at the surface
of the specimen as a function of F IF and aT. G. F. Golovin and
(Ref have deterLned experimentally the total
IN. M. Zamyatnin -3)
residual tangential stresses in 65 mm diameter specimens of
Steel 45 after induction hardening to a depth of 6 nun and low
temperature tempering; their results are reproduced in Fig.4. The
results of approximate analytical,and experimental determination of.
the stresses during surface hardening to a depth of 7 mm are
reproduced-in Fig-5. In another paper Golovin determined the total
residual tangential stresses in a specimen (R = 32.5 mm) hardened
to a depth of 5.5 mm. He determined the values R and R at 29 and ~
24.5 mm, respe"ctively,.from the hardness distribution cur~&e along
7

the cross-section. Comparison of the calculated results with .
experimental data are given in Fig.6. It is concluded that the
Card 11/10-

S/129/61/000/004/010/012
;Residual- Stresses During Surface.... E073/E535
J
total stresses occurring during induction surface hardenin~g can be
~,~.determined with adequate accuracy by means of approximate-
analytical formulae. There are 6.figures and 8 references:
all Soviet. p
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut neftekhirlicheskoy i gazovoy
promyshlennosti (Moscow Institute of the Petrochemical:
and Gas Industries)
Fig.l. Legendt
Sketch of the temperature distribution
along the cross section of a steel
cylindrical specimen heated for surface
Ar,
hdrdening (t - temperature at which
ty
the metal lAes its elastic properties).
tHOL-4 tinitial' HcuLi Rinitial.
7,
4
Card ~/10

KAN, A.G.
Residual stresses in induction bardening of steel. Trudy
VI-U4OiGP no.34.31-.58 161.
(MIRA 14:12)
(Steel--Hardening)
(Thermal stresses)

VINOGRADOV, V.N.; SHREYBER, G.K.; SOROKIN, G.M.
Interaction between the roller teetb of a drill bit and the well
bottom. Trudy M.UIKHiGP no.35:8-13 '61. WIRA 14: 11:
(Boring maebinery)

SHHEYBER, Gennadiy Konstant-Ign3achP do-ts.., kand.tekhn.nauk;
SHIERYAIEV., Boris Filippovich, dots. kand. tekhn. nauk;
POLFEROV, Aleksandr Pavlovich, dots.; PERLIN, Samuil
Neadeleyevich, inzh.,- RASTOVA, G.V., ved6 red.; VORDROVA,
V.V., tekhn. red.
.[Bullding materials in the petrolowas,-p"rochemical, and gas
industries]Konstruktsionnye materialy v neftianoi, nefte-
khimicheskoi i gazoypi promyshlexa-asti; spravochnoe rukovod-
stvo. [By]G.K.Shrei er i dr. Moskva, Gostoptekhizdat,, 1962.
381 p. (MIRA 16:3)
(Building materials) (Chemicals industry)
(Petrolem industry)

VINOGRADOV, V.N.; SHREYBEIII, G.K.; SOBOLEV, D.Ya.
Certain regularities in the abrasive wear of plastics. Izv.Wfs.ucheb.
zav.;neft' i gaz 6.no.11:102-105 163. (~ffRA 17:9)
1.. MQskovskiy institut neftekhimicheskoy i gazovoy promyshlennosti
imeni akademika I.M.Gubkina.

VINOGRADOV, V.N.; ~HREYBER, G.R..; SOROKIN, G,M.
New steel for the production of bit rollers. Trudy MINIRGP
46:101-104 164. (MIRA 17t6)
o4

SOMBER, G.K.; &MENIKEVA, L.N.
Method for testing the fatigue strength of glass-reinforced
plastic obtained by winding. Trudy MINKFiGP 46:228-234 164.
(MIRA 17: 6)

vy;;
t, ~.ma 'n4 rc-l
(MM, '177~,q)
7
c-zcvni- PrOrkrsn-

Vl,N'0GPADCjV,
-SOROKIN, G.M.
Wear and ' ilure of the teeth o' bit rollerS. TZV.
.La ys. ucheb. zav.;
neft' i gaz 7 no-7:95-99 164. (IMPA 17:9)
1. I-rioskovskiy institut neftekhimicheskoy i gazovoy prorryshlennosti
iir. akad. I.M. Gubkina.

SHREYBF."ll, G.K.; Yl-~-PI
Laaboratcrry methods for tes-ting the siipp~rto of d-rilling bits
t~
for durability. Mash. i nefl.-.. olx-,r. no.1.019,1110 164.~
(,'ITT?-,I 18-s!)
I.- P6skovskiy inatitut neftek.hliniche-skoy i gazzovc7 promy--h-
lenros-tl im. I.M. G-lbIlkina.

S~TREYBXPIP G.K.; K~,21131,'I,%B-"J!~'., V. YA.
Bench for tes-~-'ng IflaFs plp-stic pip~i for filig'"3
.1 1 1
Vgsh. I. neft. -~'ror. no.10a` 164.
Moskovskiy ins"i'llut ne"taki-ilmolcheSir-ny i gai.::i-,rLy prc~mirzhlen-
no.sI i 11m. ~~-acfe:r.Um (kibUtna.

ras ve-s
161,

m
VINOGRADOV, Vff,,; SHREYBERp G.K.; SOROKIN, G.M.
Investigating wear and failure of the teeth of bit rollers.
Neft. khoz. 42 no.7.-14-17 J1 164. (MIRk17:8)

jj~~4
di~
r. was Atudied `6ii a -MU146000,
-niodiflM
es-with
i on-a: -rotating metAwc, r
.-.Iplaitick6re"ed--with-ati-incit.606% e..nmm

M-n ~-'
L.S.; kD,,
'eoista.n'ce Of
n ~'re :t
,gat, g .h _ -;n t.-,e met,rojeuin and
--aiteble irjr the ag,oaressilrc medlbt
ucheb.
1-13
io

POGODDI-ALEKSEYEV, G,I,,, dohtor tekhn. nauk, prof.y otv. red.;
RAY,HSHTADT, A.G., kand. tekhn. nauk, dots.., nauchn. red.;
kand. tekbn. nauk., dots., nauchn. red
-SP -, q
BFASHTEYN, M.L.r doktor teXhn* naukp red.; Waff IN, Yu 'I.,
daktor tekhn. riaukj prof.p red.; RUSTe-1, S.L.p kande tekhne
nauk, dots., red.; FEDOTENKO, N.S., inzh.# red.
[Study of meta-Is and their heat treatment] Metallovedenie i
termicheskaia obrabatka. Moskva, Mashinostroenie, 1964.
195 p. (MIRA 18:7)
1. Nauchno-tekhnicheskoye obshchestvo mashinostroitellnoy
promyshlennosti. Sektsiya metallovedeniya, i termicheskoy
obrabotki.

d
787-66 w
EWTX )/*(in)AwP(*).. pp~ PNy~r(J)/
Ir
AP5023216:.-' . UR
/0~1465 00b
78:620.1.05
hly
AUTHOR: Shr6yber, Gi X~ oscow)s'~Golldshteyn dow
on long-4ermAtat c'
I TITLE: Inveistigati of sjmmth~ of,fibermiglais
medi
a
SOURCE: Mekhanika polimerloV9 no :4, 1965 lsld_153'
TOPIC.TAGS.* fiberglass reinfv~cid.~ Plastic ;,,-structuval vlistic,~' static.. load
tatic test, endurance~'test
ABSTRACT: A unit is.described,~for'-test !~g ura ci_"'of ~"e~
glass,:re n orefe
oa -`-dfi~ The -z~ -7z. "
o loa_Afi'~ :~ap e ~~ -
plastics subjected to continual static''71 pli d":~'- N
uniaxially. The unit is ''proAdid, itith: a s i4il-dif6ii4tion, reco"rdin" diVice
_pt
a'. fibe c-'rmy',' timitrie t an-
The breaking point of r-jUis reinforced L 1~
Pu4t be diti
-a
accuricy one _~min Ah Z'tei- is.
utp. Tbe:-overa
~of up to I! iLfli oj~m
'f Abe,
least t 10 di bf, I -it h In ge of
Ojrmw test
gas. lbe. sc~ P", I Y
_8 - t'_
closuree, Or1g;.'. it"
_`g
ASSOCIATION: ~none
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petroleume

SHREYg94,-G.K.;-SAAKIYA,N, L.S.; ZUBKOVA, L.F.
Using anodimed aluminum alloys for manufacturing the
equipment of' gas condensate wells. Gaz.delo no.21t12-15
165. (MIRA l9ri)
1. Moskovskiy ordens. Trudovogo Krasnogo Znamani institut
neftakhimicheskoy i gazovoy promyshlennosti im. akademika
Gubkina.

L 44398-66 EWT(m)/EWP(Q/ET1 IJP(c) JD/~JB
ZC NR- AP6024526 SOURCE CODE: UR/0148/66/000/007/0114/0118
AUTHOR: ~hreybeS,,.-G., K. ; Zhetbin, N. P. ; Saakiyan, L. S. ; Laisova, I._ Ya.
ORG: Institute of the Petrochemical and Gas Industry (Institut neftekhimicheskoy i
gazovoy promyshlennosti) 4 9 1
TITLE: The influence of deformation on intercrystalline corrosion of type 18-8 stain-
less steel
SOURCE: IVUZ. Chernaya metallurgiya, no. 7, 1966, 114-118 B
TOPIC TAGS: stainless steel, corrosion resistance, metal grain structure, magnetic
,saturation / 2Khl8N9 steel
ABSTRACT: The effect of prelimin.%ry deformatio and tempering on intercrystalline
corrosion of 18-8 stainless steel'Uas studiedjz_2Khl8N9 steel was deformed, after an-
nealing; 37, 15, 10 and 0% at t20 and -700C. All wire samples were subsequently
annealed at 550 and 6500C for 2, 4 and 8 hrs. The amount of a-phase present was de-
temined on a magnetometer. By lowering the deformation temperature to -700C, great-
er amounts of a-phase formed. The magnetic saturation increased rapidly after 10%
deformation, the more so for unannealed specimens. Samples were boiled for 24 hrs in
a standard solution (160 9 CUS04-5H20, 100 M1 H2S04 of density 1.84 g/cm3 in 1000 ml-
of water in the presence of copper chips). After boiling, samples were measured for,
UDC: 669.14.018.8-12:520.195
Card 1/2 ------ ~_j

SHREYBER, G. L., KASSIL, G. N., WYSFELD, I. L., IMATIJUA, E. 3H.,
SOKOLINSKAY.'t, R. A., UGOL-VA, S. V. (USSR)
115iochemic3l Mechanism of Physiolo.-ical and Pathological Reactions
of an Organis.~it of the Introduction of Certain Hormon~-; Preparations."
Repor-L presented at the 5tb International Biochemistry Congress,
Moscow, 10-16 Aug 1961

SHREYBM, K.S.; aRINBERG, I.F.., red.; ELIKINA, E.M.,.tekbn. red.
[Capital construction in.light industry] Kapitallnoe,
stroitel'stvo v legkoi promyshlenno.Ai. Moskva Gizlqprom,
1949. 127 P IMIRA 15:4)
ZFjuilding-Contracts and specifications)

137-1958-2-2620
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 2, p 59 (USSR)
AUTHORS- Babadzhan, A. A., Shreyber, K. Ya., Galimov, M. D.
TITLE: Using Mazut as a Reducing Agent in the "Pyroselection" Process
(Ispoll zovaniye mazuta v kachestve vosstanovitelya v protsesse
piroselektsii)
PERIODICAL: Byul. tsvetn, metallurgii, 1957, Nr 13, pp 27-29
ABSTRACT: A pyrometallurgical selection method for the treatment of
Gu-Zn and Cu-Pb sulfide concentrates and other complex multi-
metal substances in concentrates has been worked out and intro-
duced into industry.
G.S.
1. Copper alloys-10yroselection 2. Mazut-Reducing agent-Appli-
cations
Card 1/1

1P
It
136-58-3-7/ 21
AUTIJORS,, Babadzhan, A.A., Aglitskiy, V.A., Shreyber, K.,Ya, Galimov, M.D,
and Shirinkin, N.A.
TITLE- System for feeding coal dust into a converter used for pyroselection
(Sistema podachi ugollnoy pyli v konverter dlya protsessa piroselektsii)
31
PERIODICAL2 Tsvetnyye Metally, 1958,,,Nr .3., pp~ 38 - 46 (USSR)
ABSTRACT, The authors describe preliminary investigations at the Kirovgradskiy
copper-smelting works before the adoption of its pyroselection method
which involves the injection into the converter of coal dust at a
fixed rate in relation to the air flow (pressure 0.7 - 1.0 atm. gauge)
The initial system involved pressurization of the bunker, but later an
atmospheric pressure design, as tested at the Krasnourallsk copper-
smelting works was adopted and incorporated in the full-scale
installation commissioned in August 1955. The installation (fig.l.)
consists of the following parts, each of which is described and
discussed. The pneumatic screw pump has an adjustable speed of
revolution and a pump (fig.2.), the latter being based on one made by
the Pavshinskiy mechanical works; a KSE-6 compressor supplies
compressed air. The air/dust mixture (5-10 kg coal dust per kg air)
moves to the converter at 12-15 =/sec. A critical part of the instal-
lation is the air and gas distribution system near and in the
converter: here a blind-pass collector (fig.4) proposed by
Card 1/2 N.A. Shirinkin, M.D. Galimov and A.A. Babadzhan, and designed with the

System for feeding coal dust into a converter used for pyroselection. 136-58-3-7/21
participation of M.D. Galimov, Ye.A. Verkhoturova and B.P, Smorodyakov
was found to give even feed to all the tuyeres. An ejector type of
tuyere with individual air and air/coal feeds, proposed and designed
by M.D. Galimov, A.A. Babadzhan, B.P. Smorodyakov, S.Ya. Musikhin
and A.A. Verkholetov was chosen (fig.7). To avoid air losses during
tuyere clearing a ring seal designed by S.M. Popov, Engineer, is
used. The authors recommend the system described for other processes
requiring the injection of coal dusts into a fused mass. There are
7 figures.
AVAILABLE.- Library of Congress.
1. Coal dust-Applications 2. Fuels-Control systens
Card 2/2

0 T -:r,,
iall-l" c-t-om of ~Mdlle cUcal Porronnel o-' Ci-~
-07"n- -1-liC -.5 L
and :Inifler,--2,Dlo, cZ1 Ru~-tio---," F-el"Ishe,- I I'Llo-shier '"o 19L~Oj.

SHREYBER, M. 1.
Public Health
Work of the epidemioligist's assistant in the mmicipal edipemiological station.
Felld i. akush, no. 7, 1952
9
Monthl List of Russian Accessions, Library of Congress October

LIBEDBY, A.A.; SHRLTBER. M.I.
-77176Z
Organization of the work of the sanitation and epidemiological station.
Gig.i san. no.6:38-45 Je 153. (MLIU 6:6)
1. Orekhovo-Zuyevskaya gorodskaya sanitarno-epidemiologicheskaya stantsiya.
(Public health)

------- ---- --
SHRIS-nER, M.I.; LEBEDEV, A.A., glavnyy vrach.
Maintenance and method of current aupervision of aanitation. Zhur.mikrobiol.
epidA imman. no.9:56-61 S '53. (HLRA 6:11)

Problem of the content organimation, and method of epidemiologic
survnys. Zhur. mikrobiol. epid. i immun. no.1:87-92 Ja 154.
(MLRA 8:2)
1. Iz Orekhovo-Znyavskoy gorodskoy sanitarno-spidemiologicheakoy
stantsil (glavnyy vrach A.A.Lebedev)
(F,PIMMIOLOGY,
in Russia epidemiol. surveys)

SHREYBSR, R.I.
Work experience of the urban epidemiological control station in
controlling the quality of potable water. Gig.i san.no.2:43-47
F '54. (MLRA 7:2)
1. Iz Orekhovo-Zuyevskoy gorodskoy sanitarno-opidemiologichaskiv
stanteii. (Water--Purification)
r

SHREYEER. H.1.
Role of the sanitary physician in sanitary supervision of the condi-
tion of populated areas* Gigs i Ban@, nov8:3&38 Ag 154. (MLRA 7:9)
1. 1z Orekhovo-Zuyevsko3r gorodskoy sanit.arno-epidemiologicheskoy
stantsti.
(SANITATION,
in Russia. supervision)

LXBICDZV, A.A.; SMIBIR, M.I.
Work organixation at'the.public health and epidemiological station.
(Tranal. from Gig. & Sm., 1953. ko.6, PP-38-45.) IFOP09082809ca 35
4:93-97 Apr-54-
(PUBLIC HFALTHO
in Russia, work organts. at pub. health & spidestiol.
stations)

SHREYBER) M. I.
"The Problem of'the Content., Organization., and Methods of Epidemiological
Investigations., it Zhur. Mikrobiol., Epidemiol. i Iununobiol.9 No.1, pp 67-92, 1955
Translation M-1051, 3u Mar 56

STEKOLISHCHIKOV, M.- SHREYBER, M.
Practice in organizing regular-planned city sanitation sorvices.
ZhIl.-kom.khoz. 6 no-4:7-9 '56. (KLHA 9:8)
1. Zaveduyushchiy Orekhovo-Zuyevskim gorkomkhozol (for Stekoll-
shchikov); 2. Sanitarnyy vrach Orekhovo-Zuyevskoy gorodskoy sani-
tarno-epidemiologichookoy stanteii (for Shreyber).
(Street cleaning)

"The content and methods of current sanitary control (according
to the experience of the Oriakhovo-Zuyevskaya City Sanitary--Tpidemiolo-
gical Station.)"
Report submitted at the 13th A.11-Union Congress of Hygienists,
Epidamioloaists and Infectionists. 1959

SfMYBER M.I., sanitarnyy vrach
Sanitary supervision of the cleaning of the Orekhovo-Zuevo.area for
six years. Gig. i san. 26 no.2973-77 F 161. (MIRA 14:10)
1. Iz Orekhovo-Zuyevskoy gorods'koy sanitarno-epidemiologicheskoy
stantsii.
(OFC-KHGVO-ZUYEV

KIRPICM11MVP A. A. , kand. tekhn.naulq SIMMER, M. I. , zasluzhonnyy vrach
RSFSH; SHMERBAKOV, A.P.
Refuse-sorting and refuse-processing station in Orekhovo-Zuyevo.
Gig. i san. 26 no.8:70-75 Ag 161.-' '(MIRA 15:4)
1. Iz 'sektora sanitarnoy ochistki gorodov Akademii kommuna?Llnogo,
khozyaystva imeni K.D.Pamfiloira i Orekhcyvo-Zuyevskoy gorodskoy
sanitarno-epidemiologicheskoy stantsii.
(ORE-KHOVO-ZUYEVO-REFUSE AND REFUSE DISPOSAL)

Sanitary control for the use of iLmderiround wate-rs in Orekd:o7o-
Zuyevo. Nauch.trady AKKIIf no.27:1106-1-113 'A-4.
.011RA 18'5)

WP.kRl-?V, Ya.P.; KULAKOVSKIY, M.G.; VILITER, D., inzh.; BUTKNICH, A.T..
kand.tekbn.nauk; STYCHKOV, M.I., starshly fotolaborant;
KRAMAREUND. V., starshiy tekhnik-stereotipogrzif; SHRIffBICR,
N.V., inzh.
Readers' letters. Geod. i kart. no.9:65-73 S '58. (MIRA 11:10)
1. Glavnyy inzh. Yakutakogo aerogeodazicheakogo predpriyatlya (for
Loparev). 2. Glavnyy inzh. otryada NO-78 l(azakhakogo qsrogeodezi-
cheakogo predprlyntiya (for KulakoVBkiy).*-3. Svordlovskoye aerogeo-
deziebaskoye pradpriyattys (for Villner). 4. Novosibirskly institut
inzbenerov goodezii aerofotos"yemki i kartografii (for Butkevich).
5. 14oskovskoye aerogeodezicheakoye predpriyatiye (for Stychkov).
6. Treat "Gootopos"yemka." (for Kramarenko). 7. Novosibirskoye aero-
geodazichaskoye predpriyatlye (for Shrayber).
(Geodesy) (Cartography)

.1'jUTT~OP: - -Zhi-eyber, 1% V. , Engineor at the SOV/6-58-9-19/26
o 0--snr U ~---
T !TLE: Lec'lani,-ation of Shrub Clearing (Lyekhanizatsiya rubki

PERTODICAL:
Lf
eodeziya 1i kartografiya, 1958, Nr 9, PP 73 - 73 (USSR)

ABSTRACT: This is a letter to the editor. The clearing of
sighting lines in shrubs has hitherto been carried
cut manually. When combustion-motor-driven saws
"Druzhba" became available this work could be mechanized.
Thio allticle includes a picture of such a saw and a reference
to the article by G.Vinogorov in the periodical
FlLesna-a promyshlennost'" (Forest Economy) 1957, Nr 11.
This atticle contpined a description of the saw. It
was designed by A.K.Moreyev,Superior Scientific
Collaborator at the TsNIIME. It stood all tests success-
-Pully, exhibiting a productivity in the clearing of
ahrubs three times greater than that attained by
manual work. Theve is V figure.
Card 1/2

I
ullechanization of Shrub Clearill,-, sov/6-58-9-19/26
ASSCCIAT"ION: Novosibirskoye ae,-ogeodezicheskoye predpriyatiye (NovosibirSk
Aerial Surv-,-ying Authority)
Card 2/, &

ai
4
AUTHOR: Shreyber, V. 9 - 5 - 1/2 6
TITLE: On the Tent for Field Service Workers (0 palaW dlya
polevykh rabotnikQV)

MICAL: pp 51-52 "TUSSR)
Gcodeziya i kartolrrafiya, 1959, Ur 5,
ABSTILAXT., Tho requirements with regard to the Lonts of fiold brLgado~;
are the folloYinU: (1) The tent mu3t be suffIcicat-ly Spacious,
it must house, not only the members of the brigade, but also,
instruments, equipment, personal belongings of the team, and
0
by all means a stove. (2) The tent must be bright. For this
purpose, the front walls should be made of white fabric.
(3) In order to keep gnats out, the door must close well,
and there must not be any other openings. - The tents in the
northern territories of the Yakutskaya ASSR and in the
Evenkiyskiy okrug and Dolgano-Nenetskiy okrue, of the
Krasnoyarskiy kray comply with these requirements.,The most
essential difference between these tents and others is
constituted by the front wall with a well-closing door that
will not admit gnats. Besides, the side walls are tilted. This
tilt uermits an increase in floor sDace. The frame consists.of
Cara- four poles. The design is illustrated in brief. A tcnt for

On the Tent for Field Service 'i"'orkers SCV/6-59-5-18/26
four haft, the following dimensions; length, 280 cm (along the
rid-ge), width, 300 cm (on the ground)y and hei,-,I-t, 215 cm to
the -ridge. - This type of tent cannot be used in 1~,pen
moii-itain regi-ons, as, due to its large area, it is not
sufficiently stable against stiff winds. In these,regions, a
tent for two would be appropriate. There is i figurt-,.
2/11

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(Vljwka,w& k&rtocr, f Lobe skaya fabriks (Ulnek Cartographic
nam% ) for too "Se"IT r7cenlaf of Atlas Block...
The 2nd prize. of 750 rubl.s are -arl.4 1-9 1)
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ACP (Mesa- AGP)) for -a.1sing br-VwvTwTrd-3rEh. by 5.1
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kart ogr tic hasisys fobrIka (111n.k C&rtogr.p a11104))
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the follovine ougg~wtiona -re ol,proved bj %li. jury I) t- .
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Results of %he Competition for the Ban% laprwrtne C-~U.4timm
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Corrections of Conterinj; and Reducing 7ith " ..Uxiliary Scale
for Determining the Comeelions of the Curva%ur. of the loage
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mad 0. N. Crinb.rg (M.skovskays ACP (go
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anch Device far '.i.ing Offset
Institute)) . "Device for Grind-
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star tocrallchaskaya f4brIka (Tashkent Certoarophtc,lnd t111,M),
a) "Noch"Ism for laclinins %he Grinding Case". b)"Machanion
for Lifting the Trouqh With the paile.. 30)V, 1. rurcho,k,
sad S. A. Lonshi*M tT*shken%sks7a k.riografichoskaya fabrlk&
C14 41 6 (Ts.VGn-1-C`"__fo-cr.Phia zcalltutj), -Automatic Switch-off of
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okays fabrike tT&.UX.U raxtagr.phic Flamm), Increase
In the Durability of nght-a.mattly , Rubber Solution (Adh..tv.~.
12) -ZL.L. Sher (Kiyovok.ya kartagraf ohe&kmya fabrlka (rlyor
~r1kograpbIo---Yjmjt), ~Ccrrsspct;doace of %he S%roke-els-
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"noltax forms'. 13) T. T.
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karlografichaskays fabr Iga Cartogr:phiccbPI^at);
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ftessing-on the Inking Bailers and Priolion Drums an the Off-
~0 Machines W A__T_A-_Si .. q-_AUy_
kartograllob'sksva rabrika (Riga Cartographic
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Ixg rams of ;:list Printing an Traclax ftper for Printing
Backax Offzty4ahtnsa.. t5)p..NL_rAnkatAkijr-(Rixhskaya
kar to ,I eh ,:.f.br1ka (Big. Cartographic plact),
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par _X~
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III a - Urlograrich.skay -r.
7 Y T 11-yu.bin (Nis kaj. brika
(Nis C;; arwynrr-ment), Preparation of Colleoli4j-
and Corresponding Powtit,r.s by the Method of the Washed-out
Boller on ..Lnlpro.... 18)jjitXA_WAocbkjn_(TbIlimak&ya karta.
C.rtoar.phia
grafichookaya febriks (n1 at Cartographia plant),
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I" Memas of the Change Loomor far Lifting the Class and by
-a of the Vacuum-. 19) R,1,J~jAks," (TISIlimak.ya kar%o-
graftcheakays fabrika (Tbilsoi Cartographic plant), Device
far Laying on the xox.liv.m to copying'. 20) 11, M r1ift
(Tbillssk%ra kartograft .ho,skays. fabrits (Ibiffirl-i!2lographic
PlAot), "Device for Drying Paper on Offset Machines".
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Prooodur4 for %be preparatory fork In Caloul IR4 and Platting
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and S, T, No.% X2xA_CWRXCh) "Improving the Method Of Procipitat
C"d 616 Ing the Silver Nliras* In Used

3W
AUTHOR:. Shreyber,.N..V. SOV/6-59-9-10/19
TITLE: Marking by I-leans of "Air" Signals
PERIODICAL: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1959, Nr 9, PP 39-42 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In May 1958, the opytno-issledovatellskaya laboratoriya
of the Novosibirskoye
(Experimental Research Laboratory)
aerogeodezicheskoye predpriyatiye Novosibirsk Aerogeodetic
(
Service) started testing a new method of.mal-king fixed points
in complet: ly 'voodea, -..: areas. At the height.of the three :
tallest trees, two nettle cloths, each measuring 0-7 by 6.5 m,
were fixed upder a nearly right angle. Such a signal can be
well identified on aerial photographs on a scale of I : 7,000.-
As, however, flights for smaller scales had not been made,
testing ofthe new marking method ;.tas continued in May 1959,
Besides,tV'w'_.white nettle cloths signals of a cotton net with
a mesh aperture of 2 by 2 mm were tested. This material was
suggested by Chief Topographer Kh. Ya. Kolosov. The manufactur e,.
of these cloths is.described. They were produced in f--form
and in the form of squares. The experiments were carried, 6aV-1
in a fir-wood 100 km south of Novosibirsk. The signals were
Card 112

-n,3 of "Air" Signals BOV/6-59-9- 1'~/`19
distributed over a small area of the dense forest which was
20-25 m. high. Fixing the clothe to the trees is described here.
Recommendations for the type and quality of material are given,-
The aerial survey was made on a scale of 1 25,000. There are
3 figures.
Card 2/2

SHRMER, N.V.

SHREYBER, N.V.
Reconnoiterer's belt for work on trees. Geod. i kart. no.1:5C-51
ja 161. (MIRA 14:9)
(Triangulation)

66262
BOV/181-1-7-18/21
On the Deciphering of Autoemission Images of Metal Film Cathodes
A report of this investigation was-delivered at the 2nd Congress
of Electro Microscopy held in Moscow on May, 1958. The investi-
gation made by Andreyev is specially mentioned for comparative
purposes. There are 3 figures and 9 references, 5 of which are
Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN SSSR (Leningrad
Physics and-Tiechnidal Institute of the AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: July 30P 1958 LK
Card 2/2

7"
sov/log-4-6-27/1-7
A=LLORS: Gar-kov~, V.,L.. Kofanova. T.I.
TITISs Inter-d.part-cut&I S..iu.r on C.tt,.do Zlectr.ni.. r
CL3th Meeting) (Hs.hdu~.d ... tv.-YY Aa,ninar po katodnall-
IOktr*nik-) (13-- Xa..datlly.) (New Itao)
NiALZOVICALS Radiot.kbnlk~ I slaktran1ka, 1959, Vol 4. lir 60
Vp 1067 - 1068 (USSR)
A03TRACTs Tuo meeting of the seminar took place an F.brtaAry 2, 1,)51.
at the Ina,titut radiotakhaiki i alaktrovllUi AN SSSR I
(jactItute of Aadia~angjnearing and gloctroalca or the
Ac.3c., USSR). The following luettlzen war* delivered and
"",cesdit
X.Xi Talinwou -t:ln"Stigation of the Field Zaisalon of
Die "trice Cc ipInZ Ad.Lxttlr..-;
_AA. 1,jus of the 111olectrics Subjected
to Lon Bombardment and Heating";
'D he Vork fu"tL.n of the
'C'.Vf.rta.. R.Sio.*;
1 1/2
A. . RLawye=%sew - Olurluence of the Temparat~. procoz.~-..7
Oftipth.-Work F,,laction of tile Compo"da 11av-Ing HiSh Maltlag
Point.
Tb:.report given comprllhanaive a~llrj.s of the jecte,oll
pr "td.
Card 2/2
L - - - - - - - - -

66450
AUTHORS: Komar. A. P., Academician, Academy of SOV/20-129-3-18/70
Sciences, Ukrainskaya SSR, Savchenko, T. P., Shredniky V. N.
TITLE: The Electron Autoemission Images of Crystals of Orderable Alloys
PMIIODICAL: Doklady Akademii.nauk SSSR, 1959, Vol 129, Nr 3, PP 540-543 (UM)
ABSTIRACT: New methods ought to be developed for the production of
electron-autoemission images of metals with a melting point of
less than 15000. The method suggested by A. J. Melmed and
R. Gomer (Ref 1) is suited only for pure metals. The authors
developed a simpler and more universal method for the production
of electronic autoemitters, which are suited for various
single-phase metallic systems with a melting point of less than
15000. By means of the usual production process using a vac=
breakdown the authors obtained projections on the surface of
the tip on which autoelectronic emission occurs. The
projections having a height of some hundreds R have good contact
with the tip and are therefore easily heated. In metals or
alloys which have a higher vapor pressure (p > Ni) at room

Card 1/3 temperature, breakdown in the vacuum is easily produced.

66450
The Electron Autoemission Images of Crystals of SOV/20-129-3-18/70
Orderable Alloys
Several figures show typical electron images recorded
immediately after breakdown in the vaccum. The emission of
electrons is the same for nearly all parts of the "pimples".
In addition to the roughness of the surface, deep holes in the
10,YeTB of the "pimples" occur on the surface. In the figures
round, black spots correspond to these holes, which are
displaced with the entire figure under the influence of a
magnetic field. The homogeneity of the emission and the holes
in the surface of the "pimples" show that the structure of the
"pimples" within the limits of the resolving power of the
electron projector is amorphous. Heating the points consisting
of. Ili3Mn I and AuCu3 alloys to 4U to 600, signs of a
crystallographica:L Umitat:Lon of the "pimples" occur. The
equilibrium images resulting from an intense heating of the
alloys Ni3Mn, AuGu 3' PtGU3 and the pure metals Ili and An
indicate that the "pimples" are well-bounded crystals. For the
definite and final determination of the structure of the
initial surface the authors intend carrying out investigations
Card 2/3 by meane of an ion projector. In the alloy 11i3Ln the diffaqXon
Ir

66450
The Electron Autoemission Images of Crystals of SOV/20-129-3~-18/70
Orderable Alloys
rate, the migration, and the volatility of 11n are very
considerable. The surface of these allo.-s isq in general,
covered with pure manganese. There are 3 figures and
3 references, 1 of which is 3oviet.
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy Institut Akademii nauk SSSR (Physico-
technical Institute of the Academy of Sciencesq USSR)
SUBMITTED: July 15, 1959
Card 3/3

s/log/60/005/008/002/024
9, 312 0 31 //-:7 7 El4O/E555
AUTHOR:
TITLE: Dependence of Film Cathode Work Function on Degree of
Coating
PERIODICAL: Radiotekhnika i elektronika, 1960, Vol-5, No..8,
pp. 1203-1210
TEXT-z It is shown that the generally accepted values of the
so-called "optimal" adatom covering, corresponding to minimum work
function, is not 0.7 but 1. The degree of noatIng is defined as.
the ratio of the concentration of atoms a'dsorbed at the suz~face to
the surface density of the same adsorbate in a monolayer on a given
crystallographic edge of the base. Reference is then made to the
arrangement of atoms -Atebd-xid in Fig. I. All atoms whose projections
on the plane of the edge have at least half their area unob'scured
by the projections of other atoms are considered to be in the first
layer. When "atepall or~:ur, such cases as atoms 3 in Fig.1 are
ambiguous with respect to the definition. Calculations for such
cases were carried out under both possible assumptions. Calcula-
tions were made of surface concentrations of monolayers of adsorbed
atoms of various 8orLs on a %,olume-centered cube structured base.
Card 1/2

S/109/6o/oo5/oo8/oO2/024
E140/E555
Dependence of Film.Cathode Work Function on Degree of Coating
The calculations related to the edge forming the crystallographic
zone [116J. It is concluded that the effect of the electro-
positive atoms in reducing the work function is greatest at those
edges where their monolayer concentrations are highest. Reasons
are given why the minimum work function for polycrystalline
material are not so sharp as for a monocrystal. Acknowledgments
are made to A. P. Komar for discussing the work and to A.'M.Romanov.
for advice in connection with selection of literature. There are
3 figures, 2 tables and 20 references; 7 Soviet and 13 non-Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Fizlko-tekhnicheskly institut AN SSSR (Physico-
technical Institute AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: December 21, 1959
Ptic. 1. CxemaTnqecHoe n3a6pawemse upo-
(Duan rpaita (9922). FPaul- cocTawneiia
CrylielfbKaMll T11na (110). AAcop5stpouan-
itme ifa DTOrt rpanu awmw Ba B nepBom
Card 2/2 cRoe3aitumalOTitepantiogeiiiihieno-io7Rojiila

s/ioq/6o/oo5/oo8/003/024
1137, 11YU) E14O/E555
3 7,0 No /
AUTHORS- Komar, A,P,, Savchenko, V_,p, and Shrednik; V-N.
TITLE. Adsorption; Migration and Evaporation-of Be Deposited
on W monocrystal
PERIODICAL~ Radiotekhnika i elektronika, 1960~ Vol~5, No,8,
pp.1211-121T
TEXT- The system De-W is of interest for several reasons,
Be is an alkali-earth knetal and Be films should reduze the W work
functlen,- published measurements of Be work function date back 20
years, and the study of Be on W monocrystal. would permit ver.Lfica-
tion of Drechslers calculations (Ref,?) concerning migration and
evaporation of atoms on W monocrystals for the region of small
adsorbate atomic radii,, A study was accordingly carried out,
using a MUller projector, (Ref.8), Emission patterns were obtained
shcwing the migration of be~---yllium over a t ungIsten monocrystal.
(Fig,l), the behaviour of thick "-Ims (Fig.2) and evaporaiion
(Fig;3), It was feund that Be work function as higher than that of
W. (Preliminary results give 0 Be :; 5 eV). It was further found
that the work function of W is either 1ntrSa3,E-.d ar deer-eased by a
beryllium monolayer, in dependence on crystallographic d.&rection2
Card 1/2

s/log/60/005/008/003/024
Adsorption, Migration and Evaporation of Be Deposited on W
Mono~r,rystal
'this phenomenon is consi.dered to support the hypothesis that
zhanges 2.n the magnitude and sign of work function in a monolayer
are mainly influenced by the difference ef adsorbate and adsorbent
worX functions rather than the ionisation pot-sntial of the
adsorbate and the work function of the adsorbent There are
3 figures and 19 referentes: 6 Soviet and 13 nc-n-Soviet,
Atknewledgments are made to V. Ye. lvanov for the pure beryllium
samples,
ASSOCIATION? Fiziko=tekhnicheskiy institut AN SSSR (Physza-
technical Institute AS USSR)
SUBMITTED~ December 21, 1959
Card 2/2

s/:i o9/60/005/0011/021/0211
3 (1003,112 71 E 140/E355
AUTHORS.- Komar, A,P., Savchenko, V.P. and Shrednik, V_N.
TITLE- A New Method of Preparing Field Emitters From
Low-melting Point MeUls and Alloys
PERIODICAL:; Radiotekhnika i elektronika3 1960, Vol, 5,
No~ 8,,pp~ 1342 - 1346
TEXT.- Field emitters of Ni 3Mn and similar materials have
been prepared by the use of vacuum breakdown in a projector
tube between a point of the investigated material (negative
electrode) and the screen (positive electrode), A resistive
or inductive element is used to restrict the breakdown to a
local breakdown, This resulted in the formation of
protuberances. A number of field emission patterns obtained
in the projector tube are reproduced.
There are 3 figures and 7 references- 2 Soviet and
5 non-Soviet,
Card 1/2

s/log/60/005/oo8/021/024
E140/E355
A New Method of Preparing Field Emitters From Low-melting
Point Metalsand Alloys
ASSOCIATION- Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut AN SSSR
(Physicotechnical Institute, AS USSR)
SUBMITTEDL December 21, 1959
Card 2/2

2 6. Z.? 1-4 24916 S11611611003100610131031
9, _6 3102 3201
AUTHOR: Shrednik, V.N.
TITLEt Study of atomic zirconium layers on tungsten crystal faces
by means of electron and ion projectors
PERIODICALt Fizika tverdogo telat v. 3, no. 6, 1961.~ 1750 - 1761
TEXTo This is a very detailed report on studies conducted on the metal
film system Zr-W by means of electron- and ion- (deutercn-aAd proton-)
projectors; the adsorbed Zr layers on the W cube faces ;100i and in their
neighborhood (termed "cube-near" regions) were observed in the individual
succesive stages of adsorption. A characteristic feature of zirconium-
coated tungsten is the appearance of symmetrically arranged bright spots
in the emission picture of tungsten. A study of the behavior of Zr
adsorbed on W in the t1001 regions is of interest both because of the
work function of W which is considerably reduced by Zr, and in view of
the problem of adsorption binding on the metal surface. The use of an ion
projector proved to be highly suited because of its high resolution and
its sensitivity to local field strength fluctuations. Because of the
strong field (which leads to Zr desorption) required by a helium projector
Card 1/ 4

24916 S/18i/61/003/006/013/031
Study of atomic zirconium ... 3102/kOl
the latter was not usable. The author made use of a nitrogen-cooled
hydrogen- and deuterium detector (operative field srrength 200 mvlcm);
the latter, of course, yielded the better contrasts, i.e., the better
pictures. The work function was determined from inclination of the
Fowler-Nordheim straight line and was found to be 'F, = 4.5 ev. A very
detailed report based on numerous microphotograPhs is offered of the
results of very careful studies of the emission properties and of micro-
structure (resolution up to 10 - 15 A with deuteron projector) of Zr
layers.a:t the [100J region of W crystals with layer thicknesses of frac-
tions of monatomic to multiatomic ones. Measurements at low Zr concentrL-
tioas were made both with the ion projector and, at nitrogen temperature
(-1 95.80C) and af ter a one-minute heating of the surf ace at - 10000C, with
the electron projector. The picture taken at -1961C and 20 kv with the
deuteron projector presents dark islets (radius up to 500 1), which are
surrounded by bright points in a ring-shaped.arrangement. At high Zr
concentrations,.the pictures were taken with electron- and proton
projectors only, namely, after a one-minute heating to 1500,+500C. Pictures
taken with a proton projector exhibit dark spots (the [1001 regions), and
Card 2/ 4

24916 5/18 61/003/006/013/031
Study of atomic zirconium ... 3102Y3201
all around more than seven not quite ring-shaped and not quite closed
bright rings. Heating without electric field in hydrogen atmosphere
(10-3mm Hg) for 30 sec at 2000-2-2000C resulted in an enlargement of the
rings (enlargement of the steps). In case of nearly mQnatomic layers the
lowest work function (2.62ev) was measured; on a further adsorption the
next step was already attained (f. - 2.75ev). The pictures were taken
after a one-minute heating to 900-10000C, in,one case also at 15000C (which,
in turn, resulted in an enlargement of the steps). Tha pictures showed
that (1) Zr at any concentrations gathers readily in the ~.1001 regions
of Wi and (2) that adsorbed Zr can be rendered well wisible in the electron
projector due to its reduction of the W work function, and in the ion '
projector due to its causing a strong roughening of the surfacel ~3) ring-
shaped steps enlarging the local fie-ld are readily formed in the ~~001
region at high Zr concentrations. The particular aspec-.8 are mainly con-
nected with the fact that the diameter of--the zirconium atom coincides
with the tungsten lattice constant (3.16X). The diminution of-?w caused
by zirconium i-n the 1,100.1 regions, is connected with the structure of the
monatomic Zr layer.. The high surface concentration of the Zr monolayer on
Card 3/4

24916 S/181/6.1/003/006/013/031
Study of atomic zirconium B-102/B201
the Iloo) face entails a high dipole density, and thus a considerable V)(
potential jump. The strong diminution of,?,,,. due to zirconiuM on the J1001
faces may-be utilized for the production of surfaces with,?--2-5 e-,,, which
are resistant to longer heating (up to hours), to not beyorid-13000C-
Boyond 13000C,- the Zr-W dipole surface layer is destroyed Jue to the
diffusion of Zr into W. A.P. Komar is-finally thanked for his supoervielon
of the work,-and L.N. Dobretsov, E.Yai Zandberg, N.I. Ionov, V,P. Savchenko,
and L.M. Nikolayeva for their assistanceo and discussions 1~he're are 14
figures and 18 referencest 6 Soviet-bloc and 12,non.-Sovet-bloo. The
references to~English-language publications read as followsi R.H. Fowler,
L.W. Nordheim. Proc. Roy. Soc. A119, 173, 1928;-E.W. Mueller, K. Bahadur.
Phys. Rev. 102, 624, 1956; C. Zwikker, Phys. Rev., 5718 1929
ASSOCIATIONs Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut im. A.F. Ioffe AN SSSR Leningrad
(Institute of Physics and Technology imeni A.F. loffe AS
USSR Leningrad)
SUBMITTED: December 30, 1960
Card 4/4

S/020/62/144/003/014/030
B108/3102
AUTHORS: Komar, A. P., Academician AS UkrSSR, and Shrednik, V. N.
rp!TL~1: Itomic structure of tungsten microcrystals of up to 60
size
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 144, no. 3, 1962, 5417543
TEXT: Tungsten microcrystals having radius of some 200 R were studied by
using an ion projecior with helium ion's at 9.5 kv. The point of the
projector was cooled with solid nitrcgen. The images obtained were very
clear. The image can be improVed considerably when the point contains
"tubercles" caused by vacuum discharge. Using such a procedure the
authors succeeded in observing the atomic structure of tungsten micro-
crystals having a diameter of some 60 L The most imnortant English-
!::-~nguage reference is: E. W. M*dller, Adv. in Electronics and Electron
PhYs-, 13, 63 (1960)-
ASSOCIATION: Fiziko-tekhnichesl,-iy institut im. A. F. loffe Akademii nauk
SSSR (Physicotechnical Institute imeni A. F. Ioffe of the
Academy of Sciences USSR)
cz Card 1/2

KOMAR, A.P. akademik; SHREDNIK, V.N.
.9
Atomic structure of tungsten microcrystals up to 60 A in
die ter. Dokl.AII SSSR 144 no.3:541-543 14y 162. (14M 15: 5)
1. Fiziko-tekhnicheskiy institut, im. A.F.Ioffe AN SSSR. 2. AN USSR
(for Komar).
(Tungsten crystals) (1-tLeroradiography)

SIMEDNIK, MI.
Averaging of 'Ube autoelectronic emission of the Vqrk function.
Radioteldi. i elaktron. 8 no.11:1933-1944 N 163
(;MU 1)

ACCESSION 11R: AP4034935 S/0181/64/006/005A5OlA510
AUTHORS; Shrednik, V. N.; Sneihko, Ya. V.
TITLE: The surface concentration of sodium on tungsten and the anisotropy of
-1.-he work function
SOURCE. Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 6, no. 5, 1964, 1501-1510
TOPIC TAGS: work function, sodium, tungsten th'n'film, surface concentration,
emission contrast
ABSTRACT: Metal films of the system Na-1-1 were studied by means of a fiel8--~
emission microscope. Methods for determining current- flow of Na, for computing
the concentration of Na on W (i.e.;, the degree of film coating), for.determining
the work function for two values of current and voltage, and for evaluating the
latter by emission contrast have'been outlined. *In their experiments the guthors-.
sputtered Na on a single crystal of 1-1, cooled by liquid Nat different current
flows of Na. The results of mea'surements show a dependence of the work function
of different crystal 'Laces (in W) on the surface concentration of Na. Even when.
the covering film is meager, Na everywhere lowers the work function of the'W.
The sharpest and greatest lowering of the work function by Na is observed
Cord 1/2