SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT RAKOVSKIY, V.S. - RAKOVSKIY, V.YE.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001344120009-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: January 3, 2017
• Document Release Date: August 1, 2000
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

(Powdoir melallura)

AVRASIN, Ya.D., kandidat tokhnicheskikh nauk; BOG. P.P.. professor,
doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk, BIRUSHUYN, H.L., kandidat tekhnicheskikh
nauk, GUNROZOV, JI,A., starehly nauchnv7 sotrudniki GLINSR, B.N..
inzhener; DAVIDOL"KAYA, Ye.A.. kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; YMXHIE,
P.M., inzhener; YARAMIN, N.L. kandidat fiziko-matematichaskikh nauk;
IVAHOV. D.P.. kandidat tekhnicheskikh naulq "SOROZ, L.I., inzhener;
KOBRIN, M.M., kandidat tokhnicheakikh nauk; KORITSKIY, V.G., doteent;
KROTIOV, D.V.. inzhener; KUDRYAVTSIV, I.V., professor, doktor takhni-
cheskikh nauk; KULIKOV, I.V., kandidat tekhnichaskikh nauk; LEPRTOV,
V.A., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; LIKINA, A.F., inzhener; NATVZYlV,
A.S.. kandidat tokhaicheskikh nauk; MILIN&N. B.S., kandidat tekhniche-
skikh nauk; PAYLUSHKIN, N.M., kandidat takhnicheskikh nauk; PTITSYN.
V.I., lnzhener [deceasgdl;-RAKOVSKIT, V.S., kandidat tekhnicheskikh
nauk, RAKHSHTADT. A.G.. kandidat e=cheekikh nauk; RYABCH3NKOV,
A.Y.. professor, doktor khimicheakikh nauk; SIGOIAYEV, S.Ta.. kandi-
dat takhaicheakikh nauk; SMIRTAGIN, A.F., kandidat takhaicheakikh
nauk. SULIXIN, A.G., inzhener; TUTOV, I.Te., kandidat takhnicheskikh
nauk. KHRUSHCHOV, M.M.. professor, doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk;
TSYPIN. 1.0., kandidat takhnicheakikh nauk; SHAROV, M.Ya.. lnzhener;
SHIRW, Ya.l.. dotsent; SWRLXV, B.A., kandidat takhnicheskikh nauk;
TUGAHOVA, S.A.. kandidat fiziko-matematicheskikh nauk-, SATW, X.A.,
doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk, redaktor--SOKOLOVA, T.F.. tekhnicheskiy
redaktor
[Machine builder?s reference book) Spravochnik mashinostrottelia; v
shesti tomakh. lzd-vo mashinostroit. lit-ry. -Vol.6. (Glav. red.toma
X.A.Satell Izd. 2-oe, ispr. i dop.) 1956. 500 P. (HIaA 9:8)
(Ma;hinery--Construction)

7 '~"Zi
Translation from, Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr p 73 (USSR)
AUTHOR. Rakovskiy, V. S.
TITLE, On the Use in Powder Metallurgy of Sonic and Ultrasonic
(K voprosu o primenenii zvukovNkh i u1'traz-uP9;.-ykh ~kol'&,aniy v
poroshkovoy metallurgii)
PERIODICAL. V sb. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya, Nr 4, Moscow, 19 5 6, p p -1
ABSTRACT: Experimental sintering was- performed on pressed specimens of
Fe powders and of mixed powders of Cu + Sn, Ni i. W, and Co +
glass, which had been exposed for 2 hours to sonic vibrations of
an 8,500-cps frequency (at maximum sintering temperature). The
specimens so treatedp compared with similar specimens which
were sintered under identical conditions but which had not been
exposed to the vibrations, exhibited superior mechanical properties.
A refining of the microstructure was observed. The assumption is
made that the use of ultrasonic vibrations would probably lead to an
intensification of the sintering process,
I.B.
Card 1/1 1. Metallurgy- 2. Sintering-Sonic vibrations 3. Sintering
-Ultrasonic vibrations

z 1957,
oss jour r4of i r
htoyn, Z-7.
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r
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Titlo
(96
Orip c rc.!~hl,cli vy!~ o 4" r 1 1,,~ rr
lub Fy
L-str2,c+. fr,~-Ii-,-nsry uxrcrl.-.cnts r. r cr-rriod cut c r, jroducinr- r Frc.-
ce.,Iura for the !i!.ljf-u.-Lm. dIvring-, -dritering,
U-ln,- rriicr~ctivc b,~.U.00 ()f tht)
Ol t o c c. n c 1 -.x rd c: 'h t1-.(, idcv--
cFod it rossil%l
Yn. I. 'Wrf.!Wcel' ccncerninv tKe rc.chrx..~--m; c-,
4 ffus ir nr lmve
dcterrincrl for tIOU r'-~ I Oy~: -Ji Irld T i
tc :C~-Iculvltp th,-,
Nlb These
V.ctikrnticn, ~.,ntrzy of k., r nd "Ib cni ccnniau-ntly, in
finrl rnaly:Ao, elcter-ine the rtrui.gth cf in
the I etticu.

JOYLINA, TS.O., inzhener; BLAGONADEZHDIN, V.Ye., Inzhener; BOGUSLAVSKIY,
P.Ye., kandidat.tekhnichesklkh nank; VORONKOV, I.Y., professor,
GITINA, L.Ya., lnzhener,, GROMAN, Y.B., irzhener; GOROEHIOV, N.V.,
doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk [deceased]; DENISTUX, I.H., kandidat
tekhnicheskikh nauk; DOVZHIK. S.A., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk-
IXJKEL#SKIY, M.P., professor, doktor khtmicheskikh nauk [deceasedi;
DYKHOVICHNYY, A.I.. professor; ZHITKOV. D.G., professor, doktor
tekhnicheskikh nauk; KOZLOVSKIY, N.S.. inzhener; LAMIN, Ylijl..
doktor tekhnicheskikh nauk; LEVENSON, L.B., professor, doktor tekhni-
cheskikh nauk [deceased]; LEVIN, B.Z., lnzhener; LIMAN, V.F., inzhe-
ner; MARTYNOV, M.V.. kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; MOLEVA, T.I.,
inzhener; NOVIKOV. F.S., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; OSETSKIT, V.M.0
kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; OSTROUMOV, G.A.; PONOMARENX0, Yu.F.,
kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; RAWVSKIT, V.S., kandidat takhnicheskikh
nauk; REGIRER, Z.L., inzhener; SoOtbV.--A.N., inzhener; SOSUNOV, G.I.,
kandidat,tek.hnicheskik.h nauk; STEPANOV, V.N., professor; SHEMAKHANOV,
M.M., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; ELIKIND, I.A., inzhener; YANUSHE-
VICH. L.V., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; BOKSHITSKIY, Ya.M., inzhe-
ner, redaktor; BULATOV. S.B., inzhener, redaktor: GASHINSKIY, A.G..
inzhener, redaktor: GRIGlRO'YF.V, V.S., inzhener, redaktor: YEGURNOV,
G.P., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk, redaktor; ZilARKOV, D.V., dotsent,
redaktor: ZAKRAROV. Yu.G., kandidat tekhnichaskikh nauk. redaktor:
KAMINSKIY, V.S., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk, redaktor; KOMMUOV.
Ye.F., professor, redaktor; KOSTYLEV, B.N., inzhener, redaktor;
POVAROV, L.S., kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk, redaktor; ULINICH, F.R.,
redaktor; KLORIKIYAN, S.Kh., otvetstvenn77 redal-tor; GLADILIN. L.V.,
redaktor; (Continued on next card)

HEYLINA, TS.O. --- (continued) Card 2.
RUPPENEYT, K.V., redaktcr; T-M.P.ILGOUN, AJ'., -lav--yy redaktor;
BAILABA110i, F.A., red-airtor; RAIUNOV, A.I., redaktor; V.K.,
redaktor; GRAFOV, L.Yo., redaktor; DOWKIN. A.V., reiaktor; Zr'.D-v'.!ID-
KO, A.U., redaktor; ZASYADIKO, A.F., redaktar; KRASNIKOVSKIY, Of.V.
redaktor; LETOV, N.A., redal-tor; DIS11111. G.L., redaktor; VANIKOV-
SKIY, G.I., redaktor; PEWNIMI, 1[.Y., rodaktor-, ONIKA, D.G.,
redaktor; OSTROVSKIY, S,B redaktor; POKROVSKIT, NX., rednktor*
POLSTYANOY, G.H., vidaktor; SKOCIIIINKlY, A.A.. redaktor-, SON111,
S.D., roduktor; SPIVAKOVSKIY, A.0., reduktor; STANCRENKO, I.K.,
rartaktor; SUL)OPIATOV, A.P., redaktor; TOPC!IIYFV, A.V., r(liaktor;
TROYANSKIY. S.V., rollakto~~;.SRBVYAKOV, L.D., radriktor; BYYJ1OV-
SKAYA, S.!I&, rodaktor izdatellstva; "6AZULSKAYA., V.P., tekhniche-
skiy redaktor; PqOZOROVSKAYA, V.L-, tekhnicheskiy redakto-sr.
[Mining; an encuclopedic handbook] Gornoe delo; entsiklopedicheakii
spravochnik. Glav.red. A.M. Terpigorev. Chleny glav.?-ed. F.A& lktra-
banov i dr. Moskva, Gos.nauchno-tekhn.1zd-vo lit-ry po ugollnoi
promysh]. Vol.l. [General engineering] Obshchie inzhenern7e
ovedeniia. Redkollegiia toma S.Kh.Eloriklian i dr. 1957. 1160 p.
(Mining enginecr'ng) (MURA 10: 10)

"r;;c, 'ce ib
Few -)rs ~~!e an(i !
in L~ ~n
28-31 ,7
t 1957.

SOV/ 137-58-7-14468
T;anslation frorn; Referativnyy zhurnal, 195;1, N*r 7, p 10,1 IUSSR)
AV-THOR: Hakovskiy, V.S.
TITLE- The Current Status of Powder Metallurgy, and Undertakings
Posing Problems Therein (Sovrenictinove sastoyaniye i prob-
lernriyyc zadachi voblasti poroslik-ovoy nietallurgii)
PERIODICAL~ V sb.: Sovren-i. napravleniva v obl, teklinol. mashinostr. Mos-
ABSTRACT: A brief sketch of the.history of the development of powder
metallurgy (PM) and general. info ri7nat ion on engineering pro-
cesses therein and on the applications and manufacture of cer-
met parts. Certain Achievements of P&I in 'lie Soviet Union
(development and mastery of the technology of zrianufacture of
bimetallic inserts and the production of frte,3021, MaLliletic,
heat-resistant, shect, and other materials) are discussed. The
author believes the most important problem,, in the field of P,% f
theory to be the development of the theory of sintering of single
and multiphase systerns, questions of the utilization of ultra-
sonic vibrations in sintering, development of a theory and
Card 112 methods of increasin(I the ductil-tv of metal powder materials,

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/4874
vski Valentin e
Rakoo ~1 gen"~in %Sr e evich, Grlgoriy Valentinovich Samsono'i and
6 gevi c~h
f Iv::~
osif Ivanovich Ollkhov
0 1 OlW
0v
Osnovy.proizvodstva tverdykh splavov (Fundamentals of Carbide-Alloy Pro-
duation) Moscow, Metallurgizdat, 1960. 232 p. Errata slip inserted.
5,200 copies printed..
Ed.: A. K. Natanson; Ed. of Publishing House: M. S. Arkhangellskaya;
Tech. Ed.; P. G. Islentlyeva.
RMPOSE: This textbook is intended for students of nonferrous metallurgy
tekhnikums, and engineers and technicians in the hard-alloy industry.
COVERAGE: The handbook was written In accordance with the course entitled
"The Production of Hard Alloys," taught at tekhnikums specializing in
nonferrous metals. It contains the fundamentals of powder metallurgy,
manufacturing processes of all types of carbide alloys, characteristics
of their properties, and inspection methods.. The last section is de-
voted to the fundamentals of degree design projects. This book is
Card lLa

S/129/61/000/004/012/012
E073/E535
AUTHOR: Rakovskiy, V. S,,_Chairman of the Powder Metallurgy
Committee
TITLEi Fifth All Union Scientific-Technical Meeting on
Powder Metallurgy
PERIODICAL: Metallovedenlye i termicheskaya obrabotka.metallov,
1961, No.4, pp.63-64
TEXT: The meeting was held in Moscow on September 26-29,1960~
It-was convened by the Komitet poroahkovoy metalurgii (Powder
Metallurgy Committee) NTO MAShprom, jointly with the Institut
metallokeramiki i spetasplavov AN UkrSSR (Instittite for Cermets and
Special Alloys, AS UkrSSR) and the Komitet po avtomatizatsii i
mashinostroyeniyu Soveta MinistrovESSR (Committee on Automation in
Engineering., Ccuncil of Ministers USSR). 35 papers were read,
the following being specifically mentioned;
Candidate of Technical Sciences M, Yu.. Bal'shin (Institut
metallurgii AN SSSR, Institute of Metallurgy, AS, USSR) spoke on
the generality of the laws governing the processes of pressing
and sintering of metal powders.
Card 1/4

S/129/61/000/004/012/012
Fifth All.Union Scientific E073/E535
Professor G, All Meyerson (Krasnoyarsk-ly institut tavetnykh
metallov i zolotas Krasnoyarsk Institute for Non-ferrous Metals and
Gold) showed in his paper that sintering can De activated and
accelerated by using disperse powders, cyclic temperature fluctua-
tions and etching of the particle surface-,
Professor A. M, Levin (Ural-skiy politeklinicheskiv institut,
Ural Polytechnical Institute) dealt with the characteristics of the.
process of' obtaining metal powders and analysed the basic factors
which influence it..
Candidate of Technical Sciences V. N. Yeremenke (Institute for
Cermets and Special Alloys, AS UkrSSR) pointed out the thermodyrkwic
nature of the physical and chemical bases cf this process and
demonstrated the equations that characterize the dependence of the
constants ofthe speed of the pnocess of impregnation on the
.activation energy and temperature.
Doctorof Chemical Sciences Professor 1. T. Kudryavtsev and
P1. 1. Mikhaylov.(Moskovskiy khimiko-teklinologicheskiy institut im.,
D. I. Mendelweva, Moscow Chemical Technology Institute imeni
D. I. Mendeleyev) gave practical demonstrations on the production
o,f high disperse iron powders by the electrolysis method,
~Card 2/4

Fifth All Union Scientific,,--
S/iZ9/61/000/004/012/012
E073/E535
Candidates of Technical Sciences B, A. Borok.. V, G, Teplenko and
.EngineersV, V, Solov~yeva and I,, P. Retitov (TsNIIChermet) dealt
with the results of the method of producing powdery alloys
developed by TsNIIChermet~
T."V. Lobashev (TsNIIChermet) dealt with the method of obtaining
'larye size blanks of titanium and titanium alloys by hydrostatic
pressing of tile powders.
Engineering A, S,. Sarvina (N11TAvtoprom) elucidated the technology
'of manufacture of.cermet piston rings from iron powder.,
A. N., Filippov (NAMI) presented the results of work on developing
a technology for tile manufacture of aluminium base antifriction
.materials.
Doctor of Technical Sciences 1. V,, Kragel~skiy (Institut mashi-
novedeniya AN SSSRj Institute of Machinery AS USSR and Institut
metal.lurgii AN SSSR..Institute of Metallurgy AS USSR) presented
results of development of metallo-plastic friction materials.
Candidates of Technical Sciences 8, A, Borok, V., G, Teplenko et all
(TsN11Chermet) dealt with producing components cf titanium,
Chromium, vanadium and their alloys, (Cheap and efficient methods),
Card 3/4

S/129/61/ooo/oo4/012/012
'Fifth All Union Scientlfic,,--, E073/E535
Ye. 1. Pavlovskaya (Giproneftemash) presented results of producing
cermet filters from iron granules obtained by atomizing wire.
Engineer V,, 1. Blagin (Gor4kovskiy avtomobil'nyy zavod, GorIkiv
Automobile Works) dealt with the manufacture of various cermet
c.omponents.
V. Roman (Minskiy zavod zapchastey, Minsk Spare Parts Plant)
dealt with the manufacture of cermet gears,
The conference has shown that the output of metallic powders and
sintered components increased a hundredfold and that a number of
materials are being produced, However, it also showed that
thereis no centralized productlan of metallic powders and
sintered components and that the cost of metallic powders isstill
too high, that there is no,planning of the manufacture of equipment
for the Powder metallurgy industry and that there is insufficient
exchange of information between the individual organizations
concerned with powder metallurgy research-,-
ASSOCIATIONa NTO MAShPROM
Card 4/4

PHASEP I BOOK EXPLOITAT70N
SOV/6026
Rakovskiy, V. S.
--------------------
Onnovy poroshkovago metallovedeniya (Fundamentals of Powder Metallurgy)
Moscow, Oborongiz, 1962. 87 p. Errata slip inserted. 5550 copies
printed.
Reviewer: M. Yu. Balishin,,Gandidate of Technical Sciences; Ed..* G. M.
Makovskiy, Engineer; Ed. of Publishing House: A. A. Syubayeva; Tech.
Ed.:, A. Ya. NovIk; Managing*Edo: A. S. Zaymovskaya.
PURPOSE: This booklet is intended for scientific research workers and engineers.
concerned with the use of powder-metallurgy products in various branches.of
industry.
COVERAGEs The booklet reviews properties of metal powders and the processes of
compacting and sintering them. These subjects are dealt with in relation to
the use of heat-resistant, sealing, frictional, antifrictional, and other
powder-metallurgy products. A large section of the booklet Is devoted to
methods of controlling the quality of powder materials. No personalities are
mentioned. There are no references.
Card V5

L loidi-63
~ACCESSION NR: AP3001958
discunsed: Powder metallurgy of the USSR for the last two years," by V. S.~
"Powder metallurgy of the USA~ by I K Fedorchenko. "Behavior of
Rakovskiy.
isolat,--a porOBity in crystals at high temperatures under the effect of gas/
pressure, by Ya. Ye. Geguzin. "Some problems, of sintering and meabanicS6
compacting," by M Yu Bal-yiihin. "Nature of the strength of =d Alloys by
Go So Kreymer, the oxidation process in porous matan-tals,
by 1. M.,Fe cheriko. "Study of physicochemical conditi f sin ed
refr-a-c~ ~ry 5~ompouim M Go A. Yleyerson,
oxides of refractory zet;~ y
"Strengthening of mq&bdenua by dispers-I rL-,Ofrac partMe's,, by M. K.
"Y
q*ballehenko, mid 0, V, Padalka othods.of alloying and produciiij sintered
Nb-baBe alloys," by L. M. Baykav. "Progress of powder metallurgy in the field
of electrochemical materials.." A. B. All "7hermomechanical treatvent of
powders for req7Ared propeitie A.'j. Py* ry . '%Ise
t of powder metalL parts,
of endothermicatmo~~e Zzing
by A. A.. Shmy*koy and so The seventh conference is planned for 1964.
ASSOCIATION: none
00 DATE AcQ% ~iiju!63 ENCLI-t 00
I qUB CODEt 00 NO RU SOV: OW OTHMs WO
Card 2/2

~3/122/61/000/003/011/013
1 -1110 tiog 220% D241/D305
AUTHORS: Mukaseyev, A.A., Engineer, Rakovskiy, V.S., Candi-
date of Technical Bciences,~B~abic ~nd Le-
vinskiy, Yu. V., Engineers
TITLE: Some problems of ultrasonic machining hard-melting
ceramic materials
PERIODICAL: Vestnik mashinostroyeniya, no. 3, 1961, 63-66
TEM, Cast heat resisting alloys as well as alloys based on car-
bides and bonded with nickel or chrome work in temperatures up
to 10000. The alloys based on carbides, nitrides, borons and si-
licides of rare metals are considered as the most promising by
K.I. Portnoy and G.V, Samsonov (Ref. 2: Boronnye splavy, VINITIg
1960). They posses high creep resistance.and hardness as well as
thermal stability, but it is,impossible to machine them by usual
methods. Their grinding, has a low efficiency, whereas anode ma
chining produces cracks. Ultrasonic
machining is. therefore, the
most suitable. The main criteria of the former method are the
Card 1/4

S/12 61/000/003/011/013
Some problems of ultrasonic ... D241YD305
wear of the tool and material. The accuracy of the machined pro-
file is reduced when the wear of tool is significant. The authors
determined experimentally the coefficient K which is the ratio of
wear of material to that of the tool. Specimens were prepared
from powders of hard melting alloys of sufficient purity and ho-
mogeneity. Specimens were obtained by hot pressing In a labora-
tory lever press, and their porosity varied between 0 to 25c,1* in
order to study the,effect of porosity onultrasonic machining,
After shot blasting, specimenswere weighed to determine their
density. The ultrasonic.maching was carried out an a cast iron
disc and using boron carbide suspension in kerosene. To assess
thewear of tool and the value of coefficient K, the concentrator
was made according to the exponential law of reduction. Balls from..-.,,
bearings were used as a tool, and their wear proved to be minji-
mum compared to other materials. The spherical form of the.ball
allowed,most accurate data to be obtained. The machined blind
holes were measured with a dial indicator. The amplitude of swing
of the tool vibrations was 0.10-0.11 mm, and the frequency was
Card 2/4

28157
S1122161 '000/0031/011/
S,ame problems of ultr., 3nic ... D241/D30'5
18 - 20 Ke. The concentration of abrasive was 40-60%, which is
the optimum, and its grain size no. 150.. The 5-tatic load on -the
tool reached 400 g. The hardness of the material as well as its
brittleness characterize its ability,to plastic deformation. It
is possible to assume that less ultrasonic energy is required for
plastic deformation of harder materials and, therefore a greater
part of the powerwill be directed to breaking (cutting). Higher
porosity of ceramics reduces the cross secti,on of contacts be-
tween the particles, which affects the machinability. Comparison
of data does not permit a relationship to be established between
K and the microhardness of the material. It was noticed that
specimens of the same material, butof different density possess
unequal coefficients K. Alloys of W B, MoSi ZrC as well as the
21 2'
heat resisting alloy BS-1 with a relative density from 70 to 100%
were investigated. The data obtained show that higher porosity
improves the ultrasonic machinability. It.should be noted that
the machinability of ceramics is 5-10 times greater than that of
carbides. There are 1 figure, 4 tables and 6 references: 5 Soviet-
Card 3/4

SILAYEEVJ, A.F. (lbskva); RAYOVS;'IY, V.S. (14oskva)
Obtaining iron and ferroalloy powders by atomizing. Porosh.
met. 2 no-4:83-89 Jl-Ag 162. (MIRA 15: 8)
(Powder metallurgy)

m

:S/-27q/63/ooo/ool/oo6/023
E193/E383
j'~
AUTHORS: Aleltseyeva, F.N., Matyushenko, R.S., Rakovskiy, V.S.,
Silayev, A.F. (Moscow)
TITLE: The role of distortions of the second type in the
recrystallization process during sintering of
pacts
refractory-metal powder coin
PERIODICAL: Alcademiya nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Otdcleniye
t-eldinichaskikh nauk. Metallurgiya i gornoye'delo.
no. 1, 1963~,,"97 -99
TEXT: X-ray diffraction.measurements and metallographic
examination were conduct ed'oncylindrIcal specimens (10 mm, in
diamater, 15 mm high), compacted from niobium, tungsten a~d
molybdenum powders under, pressures of 1 000 000 hg/cia and
sintered for various periods at 1900 - 2100 C. Tho,xcsults
are
reproduced in the forin of graphs showing the grain size of the
sintered compacts as a function of the compacting pressure and
sintering time and temperature. A typical diagram constructed for
tun-sten compacts is shown in Fig. 2, where the graki~ size (d, -g Y
is plotted'against the compacting pressure (P, kg/mm
Card 1/3

S/279/63/000/001/006/023
Th orole of
E193/E383
Abstract or t s not o: this i5 probablya mistaice and the
pressure should road IIICS/cm
and'sintoring temperature (t, C). Conclusions: 1) The
relationship boti-toon the 'compacting prossidro and the resultant
st on -6
microstres~ses of the soc~nd type, set up in niobium, tung and
Molybdenum pov.,ders, is similar for all these three metals.
2
),,.,Increasing the magnitudo of microstressos of tho.second type
increasos the thormodynamic-instability of the metal and creates
-conditions favourablo for grain growth during sintering. '3) The
intensity of g
roi-,rth of recrystallized.grains f the metals studied
0
depends on the magnitude of microstresses of the second type and on
conditions.'
the sintering The,most intensive growth 6f ro-
c-lystallized grains takes plac2 in specimens compacted under
pressures, of 5000 - 6o0o kg/cm
further increase in the cox-.1pacting
pressure brings about a decrease in the final grain size of the
sintered material. 5) Controlling the grain size of sintered
parts provides a means for increasing their resistance to creep.
There are 3 figures.:
SUBMITT ED: June 23, 1962
Card 2/3

'S/27q/63/ooo/ool/oo6/023
E193/E383
Th a rolo of
Fiy,.* 2. ... . ....

v y
JAW
Card.3/5

PW
iA'32U5-65 EWP(O)/EVIT(M)/EWP(w)/EPF(n)-2/EVA(d)/T/E~P(t)/EWP(b). Pf-4/Pa-h Ii
A0028SION'M AP4046739 jp/JG-,- 6/6~26/64/006/00~/6001/0008
~T
henko, R.S. (Moecov),--ja~ ~skly,, V.
AUTHORS: Alekseyeva. P.R. (Moscow);
ow); 0i -A.F.
c layev, (ROSCOW)
os
N
TITLE.*, On the role of aecondary.distortione.during the 'com acting
P
processes in~pressing and r-Q.'rjystallizatiop during the sintering
of refractory metals
SOURCE: PoroahkoVaya metallurgiya,:no- 5 1964t 1-8
ting, ~_4~ybdenum. niabita chrom-
:TOPIQ.TAGS: refractor gpgst
_y metal, compac 0
i becondary distortion, microaistortim, arterf lov, cros r1ess, recrystai-uza-
fon-n"gmin grwbh"control,,eintering temPerature
4
ABSTRACT: An analogy was established-An the character of the process
of compacting 15-mm-high cylindrical W, Mo, Nband Or specimens.
An accumulation of microdistortio~s was observed, their.size reachin
g
a maximum at 4000 to 6000 dyne/cm A further rise In pressure had..
no effect an the microdistortions. Tha*pattern of changes in the
values of afterflowswas found to coincide with the pattern of
changes that occur under the effect of secondary microotresses see-,
ondary microdistortions exerted a substantial influence on the size',~

i'M In.!

ACCESSION NR:~AP4046739

of the,recrystallizdtion grains., An increase in these microstresses
was accompanied by an intensive growth of the recrystallized
until they reached a stage at which abaturation with microstresses
occurs. Subsequently, the grain sizes stablized and the effect of
secondary stresses was negligible. At elevated sintering temperatures ~.J_u.
and with long holding periods the recrystallized.grains displayed
a conspicuous tendency towards intensive growth. Porosity was also
found to affeat-the character and thezotivity of recrystallization
during sintering: it declined under increasing pressures and, con-
-turn# enhanced the
sequently, the contact surface expanded which, In,
veerystallization process. The experimental results will make it
pobbible to adjust the pressure and the sintering conditions with a
'
view to
.grain size control,..which may hav6 a beneficial effect on

,A
~
rupture strength and creep resistandp
-of refractory metals and alloys.:
, .
'd Orig,. art.
has.- 8 figures

ASSOOIATION:*None
00
SUBMITTED. 18*pr63
SUB CODE: M14 XR-REF sov:oo4 OTHER: 000

2/2

L'56089a.6~ W(e)/W(M)/EFft/WW/EWP( )1EW(Z)1W(,b)/EWA(h) Pf
rJP(c-)--jD,
R
AP
R: 5015155 WMnI6510001095loWlaw
66tmcg~ Ref. th. Jbtallurgiys..., Abso:5M&
31

AVPM-. ~Rakovsh&j V* So

z; TIW: Soviet powder metallurgy and its basic scientific* Indu trials and
~7

organizational tasks -

SMCH: Tre Vnes, imeboo-tekhn.,kouterentsil. po pMshk. metallurgii.
Yerevan, 126-4., 3-13L
TOPIC TAGS; powder metallurgy; powder metallurgy industry
TRAHMATION: The achievements,of powder metallurgir in the Soviet Unlon for tbe. ~',
-last two years are reviewed* The main advantages of powder metallurgy am .
examined. A short characterization of the problems facing powder metallurgy in
given: the development of - bydrostatle pressing, rolling of powders
, the use of
.
relnforc~ementp production of objecto with complicated ~sq6es, an increase in the

size of the obJects-producedp development of ultrasonicl e d 1ndu V~
limpuls I an
sinteringpipresoing in vw=
, creation of Dev materlids (f ibrous
, type
.
.
on hiFA malting metals., multilayer)p working out of methods for calculAB
_i card
7-

T
0
ION NR:
AR5
15155

analysis of rand the creation of
Matbematical powder metallurgy processes,
"'
theoretical bases for'the pouder metallurgical industry* organizational
r metallurgy are examinedo
development of powde
d in the
l
ems
prob
.'Vo sbelamov
MM COM
lo~
--J
p

A

L 873o-65~ ZWT W/SFY(n) -2/UR/VYP W Ps-4/Pu-4 AS(zp)-2/ASD(f)/ASD(z)-3,"
JD/jG - - -
f
jACCESSION MRS AP404419OV- -S/0216/64/000/004/0033/0054.~
AUTHORI Alekseyeval F, M. Ploscow)" Hatyushenka, R. S* (Moscow).,.
oscow); Silayev, A. F. (Moscow)
RakojikiZC V. -S.. (H
TITLEs Effect of production conditions 'on the density. and strength
of sLntered refractckry metals
24
Ei Poroshkovaya metallurgLyaj no# 41 1964*g 33-36
SOURC
TOPIC TAGSt. refractory.metal,..rafractory metal production, niobLum,
0-
molybdenum, niobium production# molybdenum productiong sintered ni
b i um. R,T OP a r t Y 0sintered'molybdenum property, sintered'molybdanum
pro4uction, sintered niobium production.,
ABSTRACTt An attempt has been made to establish optimal conditions
for compacting and sinterLng refractory met-al powders.14 Experiments
showed that an excessive'compactidg.pressure as a,negative effect
and~that beat resufts -are obtained with a pressure of-4000-6000
dan/cm2. The maxivWmdensity of compacts is attained by sintering
molybdenum in hydrogen at,2173K for 4--~S hra and by aintoring niobium
mo y
3 (10-. m :Hg),at the same temperature for
~Lna vacuum of 0o133 n/M 3 M.
1C
/2
.... . .... .

ASION, MR: AP.4044909
1 3-4, h r s Residual micropor I denullc
osit'. of,ino Yb ompacts sintered in
y
hydrogen amounts to' 2*5Zv while that
-of compacts sIntered in a vacuum
amoun.to to-645%. Th,e.hardnesa of nLobLum and molybdenum compacts
increases.with increasing density,,, Thb strength of both-metals in
the 293-1473K range dio*ps~continuously with increased test tempers-,.
ture from.280 and 205 iUm'k-_-10'6 . 'At~ 293% "to ~155, and 100
at 1473K for molybdenum &nd-qLobI"umb respectLvely6 Orig. a r t,6, has. i
6 figures.
ASSOCIATIONt none
SUBMITTkDI 14A -6~' ATW'PRESSI 3111 EMCLi
pv
00
NO-REF~. SI
SUB CODE: MH )Vt -002 OTdERI 000
.2/2 Ilk:

m

EWT(d)IEWP (e)/E;,'P(w)/.E.PF(n) -21EWG WIE'VP (t)/DKP W/
L 1574-66
&WA(c) DP(c) EM/JD/HW/JG-,
:ACCESSION NR: AP5017233 ___C_Z/_0_0_jQ6!W
1AUTHOR: Rakovskij, V.S.
I TITLE: Progress -in Soviet powder metallurgy qtjj'-j
ISOURCE; Hutnicke lietyl w-7,11965, 521-522
TOPIC TAGS* metallurgic conference, metallurgic research, powder metallurgy,
~Powder metal
ABSTRAMin his opening statement at the eventh Scie~
tific-Engineering Conference.
-on Powder Metallur(tv held in 19G4 in Yereva V * S Rakovskly summarized.
v
ents Tn the fie d a Nndicated directions fe? fu-
Ahe most important achievem Idl
ture effort. Several research institutes participated in the research and devel-
opment work in powder metallurgy.
The Institute for the Problems of Material Scien%`e (former Institute of
'Powder Metallurgy and Special Alloys), Ukrainian Academy of Sciences,
I continued investigations of the strength"6f ~hfhtered materials. and expanded
research on the nature of thermal stability and heat and oxidation resistance.
Card 1A

66
NR:
A6~916A JWP~M7i~3
--The Moscow Institute of Steels' and Allo Eharikov University.. and the
i ~]Rplnrunsian -Po!Aechnic Instituttsjudied processes of compaction and s;.n-
itering.
v44 5
The Institute of Metallur~y im. 1. M. Baykov developed new materials
based on metal fibers, Production technology for a new type of porous cata-
~Yz er was also developed at this institute.
qq, :r)
The Institute of Physical Chemistry,_ Academy of Sciences USSR, studied
the effect of vibration and surfac e- active agents on the compaction 57 powders,,
A~ The Central Scientific Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy devrloped
a powder-metallurgy method for. the production of molybdenu sheets.lp The
production cost of these sheets Is 50-6576 lower than that o eets rolled from
cast molybdenum. The institute is also working on a similar ethod for tungsten.j
steel.
ute of the Te
The Scientific Research Instit chnology of the Automobile
jndust built a transf er line for a P~~vder-M etallurgy, method of manufacturingI
14,~Jthree-metalbearfngs.
Card 2/4

L 1573-66
'ACCESSION NR: AP5017233
evelopm .ents Include U.M.0filters, stainles s
Ot~ e~r d titant -stee filters,, new
contact materials SAP sheets and bars, and iron-base and c
_2Rper-base a,nti-
friction materi0s
Three main avenues of future research have been indicated:
1. Compaction: primarily hydrostatic compaction and compaction of complex
shapes. Existing 1200- and 1500-ton presses produce compacts 250- 300 mm
':iin diameter and 500-600 mm high. However, much larger compacts,
1700- 800 mm in diameter and over 1000 mm high, are needed which require
preii* bapacities of 5000-'10,
000 tons. The width of sheets ro ed from powder I
i-does not exceed 600 mm. New equipment is needed to roU wider sheets and
to roU at high temperatures and in vacuum. A method by which irdricately
shaped subassemblies can be obtained.by joining several green compacts fol-
lowed by sintering appears promising.
314,

L 1573-66
ESSION NR: AP5017233
WC
2.: Sirdering: Intensification of sintering primarily by the. application of uitra~
sound, induction heating, and stored energy pulses which yield very homogeneous
products is the main goal of research. Cyclic sihtering and hot vacuum com-
4)apting also offer some advantages,
Development of new n4 s direction is illus-,
'3. lerials: The importancef thi
-strenathenOL refractory metals.
1trated by iber materials Gnd dispersion
ess-steel * ers have
Filters made of stainl a porosity of Up to 9;5;1f, ~Wi S
aterial
hardly attainable in m etal-powd . m. s. The unique properties of
SAP alloys result fj;oM the great diff erenc e in the m elting p6ints of alloy com-,
1ponents. aluminun?'~nd aluminum oxide. No oxide with 4 similar difference in
ithe melting point in relation to refractory metals such as titanium, chromium.L..
Mjor niob' h' b en. found; in composites based on these m,etals
molvbdenum ium w e
D ertain optimal distribution of components.
--'~he main prv lem iscto achi6ve a c
iASSOCIATION-t- none
;SUBMrrTED: 00 ENCL: 00 SUB CODE: MM
;NR REF SOV: 000 OTHER: 000 ATD lliien: -4086-IP
!Card 414W
-
I

RAKOVSKIY Valentin Viktorovich- BELKIN, B.G., kand.tekhn.nauk, lAureat
lu
-~~~~~~~enzent; SABASHNIKOVA, Ye.S., red.;

PEREVA, Vladimir I'likhaylovich; FEU, V.G., dots., kard. V.-khn. remak.,
red.; ALEKSANDER, I.I;., inzh., red.; V.V.,,, inzh., red.;
BARANOV, A.M., red.; AKSELIROD, I.Sh.-.,-'tekhn-._ red..
(German-Russiam dictionary of rotion-picture and photographic
technology)llemetsko-rusokii slovarl po kinofototekhnilke. Pod ob-
shchei red. V.G.Gellia. Red. I.N.Aleksander, V.V.Rakovskii. Mo-
skva, Glav.red. inostr. nauchno-takhn. slovarei,Fiznatgiza, 1962.
583 P. (M]RA 15:12)
(Motion pictures-Dictionaries) (Photography-Dictionaries)
(German language-Dictionaries-Russian)

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S/1,37/62/000/001/002/003
A new method for meanurinC.; ... D053/DI14
Klangfilm-Eurokord-N rec,order and the results obtained are plotted in8
P-raphs. There are 23 figures Ind 16 references: 7 Soviet-bloc and 9 non-
goviet-bloc.. The four most recent references to the English-languaj;e, publi-
cations read.as follows: L.H. Bacon, W.R. Luckett, "A'New Cross-Modulation
Measuring Equipment", JBKS, 1959, 110- 9; J.F. Finkle,."Photographic Dupli-.
cation of Variable-Area.Sound.Recording", JSMPTE, 1956, ITo- 8; ASA PH,22.52
1954. "Cross-Modulation Tests 16mm Variable-Area PhotoCraphic Sound",
JSUPTE3, 1954, No. 10; J.P. Livadary., S.J. Twining, "Variable-Area Release
from Variable-Density Original Sound Tracks", JSMPE, 1945, No- 11-
Card 3/6

X
A-new method for measurin g 114
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es an
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e pr.4wr
,
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rimiurts ool,tainrd wor given. A spixistantum comhusticill col flur was pt,oolucri toor whith .0
00 cofinord I layers, beivassar of the presence of a high prrtvntAge uf cArtw)zyltc acids and
pyrsdinc bun. 6 described. The layers. namely the "asphaltene" anti the "parafrin"
00 13, layers. are distinguishes! by their client, cumpn. The knar-tem;) Lar has IMP sixintAn"itis
00 trunibusthm The " %phaltorne" layer cuntaints Polle' tol acidic wttstancori
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00 #be oqk%SIWM bsym. I-he WIN" of 6. 1& M. 33 amf

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11,1kv Ifir Itilif ,4 &.11hafte"n ago a 46ftwi rellotsistAkip its .00
'hotost -of KK). "para.^ No,% bov" anefewt.
00 Me yorW ciaopbmk~"actme ms. o1NO% with IAP%
00 JU sapiagnma Wrft Ulrglotdi.14 r ffir the WVM
G ."IbrPhrords, 00
o 1-%% 4*1 &ad lao 'rog"d Will' &%% "I I,%t#% "J1, IQ J%
00 111116 0-11111010101 thill the 4414 divid. livins the *44-1,411rnre -00
4-i-nioin 1414" Quidw N4t)144W. 4~w"awr"is , Itie
00
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Ev
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00 the" lbuw uIllaillird In lbr ONWIL 4111 tin usunt"I far,
I -- i
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al

00 IAV" .4 C9110. "M Mid. d
lod. 19MIG Of lbe tar ~rfr.
after the rmawfil dt Mhusy& OC66 Olkl after 11111h 90
00 dimd. mulcr kirntkW an"isam. Ilse wirki- of meli .00
Imatm-to ar%l of phessibm from tht refitird and the unrr.
so tined car um adnew Wmical. while the vieW of boo. 0 0
Nnfins pommiucit from lbr irfitwd tar wa5 hm". I" the

0 ii%tn. of the widic prodmicts fimn tbr crude for 21 e* , of
0 Inich in olptai"wd (IJW% on the tar). stul with thA- re.
firm4l tar qmlv 3.12% jf?:?P4% "t the tart A A, 11.

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Ra6vtJoil and H. F. liabL4&w. Nki. ' Tloetd,'C,1 j_.#tW
4, .14742(lM.- The yiel& of ji~jlsk'l pr-jllct~' par. -0 a
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79
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C40 and R ) -4, N., 11, 1., X.1 1"Ll4j,
cf. k. mut lofic. 26. W12'. . I lit 1ANIV11M jkMl,
t"letko and P"fartsum-W "I llic C11,11, imiallatit"t-OW,
00 vusitinuous dian, e4 pcinuwy prat tati, Air tit-A-tit" aiul
illustrated. The effircled redLwlkxjs of tottir and Itillp. ld
00 twals"d atut dimu. Multed in WJ% itivirssect yiChl 44
00 distillate as ctsinpued with [fit internsilitist distri~
V1
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41k
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The vuwilw WOW4 ad
~ eoU4 bitumens from
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U
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l
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Wdolep l
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131 CAOX.111-

60a zatitti; tar Ittva the bivAinsitil pmt was dild. with napliths
It. 7,I)AC111% as
halterves
wASn
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w
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e vu
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Dimfiflafimed am vkh le =rb" as
of 94 d bmadimg to to -00
dOy. *k'-A&6mWArArPrjru%bin and G. Filkov. Kki-s .00
06-- J"rerdere Toplim *, 7SIP-7(193S).-The des-leasr rd
1
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n team d
sln. or removai of a-sphaltrucs &~Ol, arft
0011 =
,
Tar is convertrif thest into cams 400
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00 thc durati,lm o( the Pr(xv%%. A. A, Potfrouny =00
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A44 Arillication of peat tat. F, l1alAh4ov atilt V
JIM
IFbdbj 1." V Ift.t. 19.13, Sit. Id, !111 IV;
Witt it a-phalitlir- age wifil,
lly itivansfifavidiwat lowirinvi-11. flit iiint. tA Actil uw1lfl4w%
Im app(ectAlfly aff"t the yielf); Gut *I hish" "'w"%.

:t it, x . 2110%) the quAnfiry cA U.St), ii-I Witt a .1clinist,
gas
oat J~~ tfirict fit) she Yield of whrnthfcrutictattit
irrarril wiih mil v4fj,. the aq,hAltrnf~ ppt, ittily often arid
ult% I KII.S0.) are U.4,1; thry then entrain gmtrt id the
phen0s Inewnt, - Acid refining dvi-rt-Awti thr )i6t of
0'
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fill, yif-I'l '4 Paraffin; "I'm-wrt, tb.fi, 1. frr'111,1111%, at)
l %I$% rf-A~ lit tilt yte lit 401 114juld ga-fil, 1~ dut. tit A nilm# ,aft,
sel pfrif, r.1ri A IAwiwaii Olullirc
see
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ANUMMIRAIMMEM MMM&M&,A~bl AS -.A

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see

-001, .1
-
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dot
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49 10
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SO, 40.-In vapor O&w the -

-00
00 a
x - Yield Of JOW-11"M Products is obtained by cracking
An
the
mwnm of acti
t
d
h
W
ki
v6
e
c
arco
p
as crac
.
ng prureed,
the influence an the amictation of the decampa. of the

00 neutral oili decitaws. wW it ultimately becomes ammiary
W
to
ar the temp. or to treat the charcoal with a eurreat of .00
00 11, Ifigh yields o( cracked products can &14o be obtained
b
the um of a
tivat
d
l
i
hi
f fee
c
e
c
n t
s caw no
a
y
oy;
ailing off in
yirkf n observed with linw. and air-tearnerated clay also =00
00 3.~ produces high yields at slightly higher temps. Cracking
of high-builin
f
a
ti
f th
l
zoo
of r
c
t= o
e neutra
g
oil gives high
i
ld
f
s o
e
low-buding fractioni at much reduced temp.
y
' zoo
Afo)
i. Cracking of the pataffin fractions of ivest Ur

0 0 1~zds to the clecompe. of the carbusylic acids and their
c%ters with formation of hydrocubom and C(h, with
simultaneous br
aki
d
f
h
ffi
d
h ;;00
own o
e
t
e pora
ns an
ng
t
e johentAs

00 into) lower mul.-St. products. The optimum temp. f
the production of low-hevaing products from the paraffin
7
' 0 0
fraction it 4
,S
, at which the oil yield is about 91%. ZOO
A. Papincau -Couture
00
00 -.00
=00

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090
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00 Utfli"Hoss 91 W WOWS V, F. k4ki-VIlill $61141 N' I
ve -00
Ru.-. 401A7.3. Atqil'P';. Vklli,~ Alisim"ii,sm
late-Cunta. acid watts% Wan % tic sullwallms and kukills
prat we mM In the dccompfa. W the pbenulate to
T
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00 U40
too
a age,
00 4p
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00 J,
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a.-$ L ORTAILLORGOICAL UUNAVLAI CLAIMPKATIO to 0
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so Sewell- o1pbstials from their *sib. V.P.Ask(Ov..
lul(blinikov. KAs.
4W1 fircl.]
"OetiOll with 247, AcONJI.,
detfsetent'vaeflyNalt."lePtht Phrl"Pts and with till1liltunrou-I
A. A. P,.Jjt,,rjy
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"ifthaM IRJ. 1939, t(1 it.
38 40--d-, r - I ~- 33, W'kh'. --- Ion kmfts d.-irvIscoilutfird
:~jn lilt c.;~inx of pitch in shell still-, The t,inp. is krpt
tomt, without diffwully awl the "vkuig ca such a 4till
go i* much simpler,th4a if the usuil produccr. Tbellsilk-t 0

00 . I phenots arc couvertcd into lower-buding Phencils. The
. ; ADO
ga%ufine on obtained is saii-JActurdy refined I-v treatment
00 j with 3% of lltSO, (J. 1.81). Tbegasuline"anucLAne

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09 Themodtal prisclots of 16 al"h susch" or -1111oft
from hydmarbou Wulkos. V. V. 104akuvikil sitirl.. M. -00
o0 1#011C. frody 1.51014 19)O. 114M.-III.-V lit Ah '.99
Reffral. Zbi;r. 190, No. 4. K.I.-Hatis, t~'pt;vtlu[4
%AOII wAns. from sa"ine, kerowne, betimne Anif ov;
ixt,i, and from peat ods w-As -tuilted , I)ISrInd I v
f
it 00
initial stage of the earn.. alkali czts. from "M3, it% CAWAMV
and kerowne not only the phenol*. but allu tarXv antis, of -00
the u4vent, the atnt. of ~blvvnt rstd. beinig the gt~,Irj the
treat" the concri. of phenol, Further addri. of alkali 00
00 Is1wrat" the prew-knigy rxid, wAyrns. InsIscinvul4ragm
oe x of tIw extri, train C.11'. thr pr-r- IAS~ I,VhiIuI III, III-,.
lit-at calwns., the diffetenLe twins ilk- AgirAtri. the gfrmvi
IV
'he concrii. of the alkCi and of phenols in thr uju. In I. =09
00 Oi MiXta. Of twusem aad ILvowne in various proportions, the
90 0
-4vents show an s"live effect. The extri. I)( phrnI.4
front the kmeir-boilins trwtions of twat oib is titinlar to =00
that from arrunadc hydrocarr,ons, in the hisfict-l"It"O 40
peat oils. citn. ii mori: like that (turn aliphatic hydto~
K. Itenn 00
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009 roe
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09 fymisaya Prom. 24,.Nu. 2.
%A41 furts. prAt is A vtfy VAIUA14C chcm. raw stuticcLd
00 %,,*inc, jocat yidds 3 titnes AA much tAx AtO It) ti(nC'
00 as tnuch o( low-Wling Ishencils a% cuAl. In adda. peat _00
abo Yicl,IA AcOlf, twaffin. and "at. The C44. ft"
chent. vAlu.tWe InviluctA Art fVtnOVC%I. Art *UitAUC CithVt
4t Vicort (ucl In tot conventon into a IA4 u( hish CAIIKitiX
VZIUC anIf Arnntatite'l tat. I'fOIU(.tMXI-%CAk C%pt-j~ 4M% -00
pyr(AlLing f1rutrat ptat (*14 yirl'IM gcc to" 'd W Koo Pee
1A 0 1 CU. I n, I If 94% 114 V illf A C411 06 (W VAIUC III e0f 0 0 1 - 4 0 0 1 CA
The pyt4d)-lis c(KIIII be dimted in ;,t,xtuv
00 '31 Per CUA111,
tccp At' "11.41tilms or A Wgr TOL 14 UnUld, CA%IVU*
00 -1 SUCh 4~ CjlI,. C.111, And Cjft %hkh M
00 1 r,1 for the littoluction of Imbruipsts or liqui-I furl,
turn Art U
IrA4o,rn% vmlv~l in drvrloinng 1hk imfusirv Air Ili- see
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I,--R-kKCVSYJY, V.-E.

The viatures of the mediani"I streadO ad P"t. V. F.
Rakovskill and Kh. I. kivkijla~ Torlyawya Pfismv -27
Xd! it It IsAs t*cnesperinsentAlly rstiblisheti
thAt siot only hunsic OLACefi.4 but A60 hydrolysed cArbo-
hyslr4te products, hAvina a sismet Anti ctirsenting action, Aft
lntsrot,m peat. It hasbetse; established that the conver-
sion ofitigb-tool.-st. Acide in peat into biwaknt Wat odes
Aled"Ifivellent (Fir and Al) miltz contributes to The decreased
Ains miction of thew usatcrials. Lower peat ItAs pvrer
'Iflech. streafftle than upper peat 00 ins to a Predonlinnet .1
,alt. in the lower lAycrs of free compds. its the upsirt
livers. ManliAll Sittig
OWN

'L I . ,
". ;-.

w- I --- -- -~ ,- I - I - j, .-;.,.. A .
'~ft i., " , i . - -', . I , -j ~-% , . - .

zKIYI V'Y"
/Structlus affit d c !P. Products
~ -"Mi a j
rM, WS
no] Rakovskil.
the theory of f g Y. M
-Kh-sws~-OUWW
Raba. Vmsoyms.
MnV11 Z"t-95*3, No, 2, 5-7; "eta$, Kh1m IOU, No.
2(Sllo.-The caking gbility of coal 1*61U&I coitus is et.
pW=d by a wries of chem. procetses taking place under
with a large content of
suitable phys. conditions.
aliphatic bydrocabom give a powd. coke as restdt of a
breAkdown In their weak -C--C- bonds. Cask coat
-C-C- bo%
cyclic hydrocarbons have much itroager
In the aromatic ring and aromatic mnpds, are capable of
nuclear condensat ion. e.g.. Colle at 3W* forms first blnaph-
thyls and then coke. The condensation reaction proceeds
easier In the liquid phase. ~ For coke to be formed a Min.
quantity of liquid phase is necessary, %I= In the solid phase
condensation takes place only In contact with a liquid and
at scorresponding temp. Rven coke ofmanyfucis d #not
loose its capacity to become alkylated andjake-parf a the
'con~in34 tion pf occs!,es with anAnatle compds.

in